John BrownJohn Brown

By: Kristen KaehlerBy: Kristen Kaehler

Harpers FerryHarpers Ferry

On October 16, 1859, Brown led 21 men On October 16, 1859, Brown led 21 men on a raid of the federal arsenal at Harpers on a raid of the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia.Ferry, Virginia.

His plan to arm slaves with the weapons His plan to arm slaves with the weapons he and his men seized from the arsenal he and his men seized from the arsenal was thwarted, however, by local farmers, was thwarted, however, by local farmers, militiamen, and Marines led by Robert E. militiamen, and Marines led by Robert E. Lee. Lee.

Within 36 hours of the attack, most of Within 36 hours of the attack, most of Brown's men had been killed or captured.Brown's men had been killed or captured.

I’m Caught!!!!I’m Caught!!!! He was arrested and charged with various crimes, He was arrested and charged with various crimes,

including treason and murder. including treason and murder. He distinguished himself during his trial, which He distinguished himself during his trial, which

took place before a Virginia court, by his eloquent took place before a Virginia court, by his eloquent defense of his efforts in behalf of the slaves. defense of his efforts in behalf of the slaves.

Convicted, he was hanged in Charles Town, Convicted, he was hanged in Charles Town, Virginia (now West Virginia) in December 12, Virginia (now West Virginia) in December 12, 1859. For many years after his death, Brown was 1859. For many years after his death, Brown was generally regarded among abolitionists as a generally regarded among abolitionists as a martyr to the cause of human freedom. He martyr to the cause of human freedom. He became the subject of a famous song, known became the subject of a famous song, known generally by the first line as “John Brown's body generally by the first line as “John Brown's body lies a-mould'ring in the grave.” lies a-mould'ring in the grave.”

Got away….. Or not?Got away….. Or not?

Brown was not captured until the Brown was not captured until the autumn, when he headed back East autumn, when he headed back East to raise money to provide fresh to raise money to provide fresh supplies, etc. to the Kanas warriors. supplies, etc. to the Kanas warriors.

PraisePraise

At the hour of his hanging, northern At the hour of his hanging, northern church bells tolled from Boston to church bells tolled from Boston to Chicago.Chicago.

Ministers preached special sermons Ministers preached special sermons on Brown’s sacrifice; those in on Brown’s sacrifice; those in attendance at mass bowed their attendance at mass bowed their heads in worshipful silence.heads in worshipful silence.

Jobs and stuffJobs and stuff

Working at various times as a farmer, Working at various times as a farmer, wool merchant, tanner, and land wool merchant, tanner, and land speculator, he never was financially speculator, he never was financially successful -- he even filed for successful -- he even filed for bankruptcy when in his forties. bankruptcy when in his forties.

He gave land to fugitive slaves, even He gave land to fugitive slaves, even though he didn’t have much.though he didn’t have much.

He raised black youths as his own.He raised black youths as his own.

Dred Scott v. Sandford pg Dred Scott v. Sandford pg 1717

In 1859, the United States Supreme In 1859, the United States Supreme Court declared that no African Court declared that no African Americans, whether free or slaves, Americans, whether free or slaves, could ever become United States could ever become United States citizens.citizens.

The court also declared the 1820 The court also declared the 1820 Missouri Compromise unconstitutional, Missouri Compromise unconstitutional, thus permitting slavery in all of the thus permitting slavery in all of the country's territories.country's territories.

Stuff from the Packet you need Stuff from the Packet you need to know….to know….

Southern Candidate for President in Southern Candidate for President in 1860 is John C. Breckinridge (Southern 1860 is John C. Breckinridge (Southern Democrat)Democrat)

Won 60 % of the vote in Mississippi, Won 60 % of the vote in Mississippi, 75 % in Texas, and strong majorities 75 % in Texas, and strong majorities elsewhereelsewhere

Stephen Douglas (other northern Stephen Douglas (other northern candidate)candidate)

Won 4.8 % in Mississippi and only 0.03 Won 4.8 % in Mississippi and only 0.03 % in Texas% in Texas

LincolnLincoln

He pledged to undo Dred Scott case.He pledged to undo Dred Scott case. He was committed to banning slavery He was committed to banning slavery

in all of the nation’s territories.in all of the nation’s territories. Lincoln won the election!!!Lincoln won the election!!! Lincoln issued the Emancipation Lincoln issued the Emancipation

Proclamation in 1863, turning the war Proclamation in 1863, turning the war to end secession into a war to end to end secession into a war to end slavery.slavery.