Job Hazard AnalysisJob Hazard Analysis This material was produced under grant SH-29634-SH6 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, US Department of Labor. It does not

Job Hazard Analysis

This material was produced under grant SH-29634-SH6 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration,

US Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Labor, nor does

mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US government.

1D1199C Training Fund HWWH SH29634-SH6

• Defining Job Hazard Analysis

• Choosing Jobs to Analyze

• JHA Process: Job Steps and Hazards

• Write It Up

• Classroom Exercise

• Employee Rights Under OSHA

2

Learning Objectives

D1199C Training Fund HWWH SH29634-SH6

• JHA - figuring out

job hazards

BEFORE the job

begins

• Sometimes called

Job Safety

Analysis/JSA

3

Job Hazard Analysis/JHA


a) Expect Problems: ~Identify hazards before they occur.

b) Explore Process: ~HOW does job gets done?

c) Understand Relationships: ~ between workers, tasks, tools, and environment.

d) Control Hazards: ~What steps do you need to take to work safely?

From Job Hazard Analysis, US Department of Labor, OSHA 3071, 2002 revised 4

Job Hazard Analysis


1. Choose a job to analyze

2. Break it down into steps

3. Identify hazards of each step

4. Find ways to make each step safer

5. Write it up & make sure it works

Review & Revise as Necessary!5

Job Hazard Analysis –

How we DO it:

Step 1

Step 2Step 3


1. Choose Which Job To Analyze


Look at:

• Jobs where injuries or illnesses happened

• Jobs that could cause injury even if no one was hurt in the past

• Jobs where one simple error could lead to accident or injury

• Jobs where the hazards are not yet understood

• New jobs or processes 7

JHA Focus:

Choose jobs where people could get

sick or injured due to job hazards


8

Hazardous Jobs……


JHA: Choose Jobs With

Near Misses or Close Calls

Near Miss or Close Call:

• Events where something dangerous

ALMOST happened

• Someone ALMOST got hurt

• Someone COULD HAVE gotten

hurt9D1199C Training Fund HWWH SH29634-SH6

10


Look at jobs where injury is likely if no

safety controls/PPE are in place

11

Analyze Hazardous Jobs First

“High Risk”


Risk = Severity X ProbabilitySEVERITY:

How badly could someone get hurt doing this work?

PROBABILITY:

How likely is this to happen?12

What Makes a Job

High Risk ???


13

Severity

Ranking Hazardous Jobs


14


2. Break Job Down Into Steps


Identify all the steps needed to get the job done

• Why is this job needed?

•How does it fit in to other tasks or jobs?

• Who does the work?

• Where does it happen?

• What happens first?

• Then what?

• And then what?

16

START BY OBSERVING:

Watch how the job gets done


• Describe them without getting lost in little details

• Describe them without leaving out anything important

17

Document all the job steps


• TALK to people who actually do the work

• Get different perspectives

• Do people experience different hazards

because of how they do their job?

18

Document all the job steps


• What supplies & tools do

people use to do their job?

• Does each person perform

the job the same way?

• Does the PPE fully protect

workers from all hazards?

• Are their gaps in protection?19

ObserveNotice how her

arms are not

protected!


• Are there written procedures about how to perform the job safely?

• Do they explain each step of the job?

• Do they match what you saw when you watched the work get done?

• Do they include all necessary safety precautions and warnings?

20

Research & Review


• HAVE all the workers doing this job been trained?

• If there are written procedures, are they used to train workers?

• When you watched the job get done, were those workers trained about how to work safely?

• Did people follow the written procedures when they did their job?

• Was their training complete and effective?

How could it be made safer? 21

Research & Review


3. Identify Hazards in Each Step

22


• Identify hazards

AS IF no one used

Personal Protective

Equipment/PPE

23

• Identify Hazards

AS IF there were no safeguards in place


•What do YOU think is the most

hazardous part of this job?

• Why?

• Who do you think is most at risk?

• When?

24

ASK Workers &

ASK Supervisors


• Are some STEPS more dangerous than others?

• Are some METHODS more dangerous than others?

• Are some WORKERS more at risk than others?

Start thinking about what kind of protection is needed to

keep people safe

25

Explore Hazards of Each

Step


• Has anyone ever gotten injured or gotten sick while doing this job?

• Or, right after?

•How many people has this happened to?

•How often?26

Explore Incidents & Accidents


All employees have the right to see their

employer’s OSHA record of workplace

accidents and illnesses.27

Identify Hazards By Researching

Accident Reports: OSHA Form 300


• Yearly Form 300 lists ‘recordable’ injuries & illnesses.

• Recordable means:

• Lost time because of incident

• Medical care was provided beyond first aid

• Incident resulted in restricted duty or job relocation

28

OSHA Form

300


• Read Labels and Safety Data Sheets/ SDS!

• Warnings & Hazard Information

• Health Effects & Target Organs

• Short-term and long-term effects of exposure

• How to know if you have been over-exposed

• First Aid & Emergency Response

• PPE

• Emergency contact info

• more29

Identify Chemical and Product Hazards


Safety Data Sheets Identify

How Product Exposures

Cause Injury

INJECTION

ABSORPTION

• Airborne Hazards

• Splashes, droplets of infectious material

• Blood, secretions or bodily fluid

• Direct contact, from sick people

• Indirect contact, by touching surfaces that sick people have touched

• Needle-sticks or sharps exposures

31

Identify Biohazards


How can the task, job or environment cause injury?

• Struck by falling objects?

• Caught or crushed?

• Cut or amputation hazard?

• Trapped during fire?

• Workplace violence?

32

Identify Physical Hazards


• Shock, electrocution

• Exposed or damaged wires

• Lock Out/Tag Out: Being injured by

machinery starting up unexpectedly

33

Identify Electrical Hazards


• Falls

• Unguarded openings & edges

• Working at a steep angle

• Slippery conditions

• Uneven floors

• Trip hazards

34

Identify Hazards of

Walking-Working Surfaces


• Repetitive motion

• Frequent lifting

• Moving heavy things or people

• Awkward, uncomfortable motion

• Vibration

• Lack of movement – stuck in

one place (‘static position’)

• Constantly on feet, nowhere to sit

35

Identify Ergonomic

Hazards


Identify

Environmental

Hazards

• Temperature extremes• Animals or pests• Odors, dusts• Ventilation problems• Mold, Asbestos,

Toxins

• Poor lighting• Loud noises• Overcrowded or

Isolated location• Workplace violence• No communication• No fresh drinking water• Nowhere to use

restroom or wash hands

36


4. Find Ways to Make Job Safer


Find Ways to Make

Each Step Safer

• Which work methods are safest?

• Should we make changes to procedures, tools or supplies?

• What kind of PPE should be used?

• What kind of training should workers receive?38

• What tools and

equipment would make

this job safer?

• Can safer products be

used?


Understand Hazard Controls

39

REMOVEHazard

Use Safer Chemicals (Substitution)

Engineering ControlsVentilation, Guards,

Safety Devices

Administrative Controls & Safe Work Practices

Signs, tools, training, rules, policies, job rotation

Personal Protective Equipment (…wear gloves, use a respirator, goggles,

waterproof gowns, scrubs…)

PPE is the least effective

(though still necessary)

method of hazard control;

best used in combination

with administrative and

engineering controls.

“Hierarchy of Controls”


• Change the product so there is no hazard

• Change the process so there is no hazard

…..Unfortunately, not always possible

40

BEST Way to Make Job Safer:

Remove Hazard, or

Use Safer Product


Control hazards at the source of danger, or at the “Point of Operation”

Examples of engineering controls:

• Machine guards

• Controlling needlesticks with sharps containers, tongs, and safety needles

• Controlling air contaminants by installing ventilation (HVAC) systems and air filters

• Controlling electrical hazards by using circuit breakers and grounded circuits 41

NEXT Best Way to Make the

Job Safer:

Engineering Controls


FOCUS ON SAFETY:

• Standard Operating Procedures

• Enough staff to perform job safely

• Trainings & ‘in-service’ meetings

• Clear signs, labels and warnings

• Inspections & monitoring systems

• Time limits for hazardous duties

• Exposure limits for hazardous chemicals

• Alarms42

Administrative Controls

& Work Practices: Methods to Make Job Safer


• Use them in COMBINATION with other hazard control methods!

43

IMPORTANT

But Least Effective Way to

Make Job Safer:

Personal Protective Equipment/PPE


Personal Protective Equipment

MUST:

• Protect you from the

job hazard

• FIT you

• Be reasonably

comfortable

• Be FREE

• Be available when &

where you need them

44

Workers MUST BE

TRAINED on:• How to use PPE

• When to use PPE

• How to put it on and

take it off properly

• What PPE can and

cannot protect you from

• How to tell if it is not

working properly

45

Use Hierarchy of Controls to Develop

Safety Recommendations


Recommendations Should:

Address the hazards identified in each job step

Prioritize methods at the top of the Hierarchy of Controls

Mention supplies, equipment, tools, training, staffing, work flow, procedures and PPE

Be written up on a JHA form


6. The JHA Form


• JHA form documents:

• Job steps

• Safety hazards of each step

• Engineering Controls, Work Practices, Training and PPE

REVIEW the JHA a few months later and SEE IF IT REALLY WORKED

• Ask for feedback from the workers and supervisors

Make changes as necessary to make JHA

more effective 48

JHA Form Documents your

observations and concerns.


Sequence of Job

Steps

Potential

Hazards

Safety Recommendations

49

Job & Department: Date of JHA Original____

Revised____

Who did the work? Employees and Title Supervisor Name of JHA

Preparer:

Personal Protective Equipment Needed for Task Job Location: Reviewed by date:


Look at the BIG PICTURE1. Break job down into steps

2. Hazards:

~ What hazards are there?

~ What do you observe?

3. Find ways to make the job safer

4. Write it up

5. Make sure it works50

Job Hazard Analysis Summary


Classroom Exercise

51


Classroom Exercise

•Break students into 2 – 4

groups

• Try to organize groups by

profession, if possible


Exercise

• Have each group choose one task they are familiar with

• You will do a JSA/JHA for this task

• Tell instructor which task you choose

For Example:• Cleaning a room

• Collecting trash

• Repairing something

• Transporting

patients

• Bathing patients

• Checking vitals

• Wound care


Exercise

• Break the task into

STEPS- Your

group should agree

on the steps chosen.

• Write them down on

flip chart


Exercise• Brainstorm to

identify the hazards

of each step of the

job

• How can each

hazard be removed

or minimized?

55


Exercise

INCLUDE:

•What PPE do

you need to

work safely?


Exercise

INCLUDE:

• What job

precautions or

procedures do

you need to use

to stay safe?


Exercise

INCLUDE:

• What tools and

supplies are you

using?


Exercise

Fill out the JHA form with this information

59

Job & Department: Date of JHA Original____

Revised____

Who did the work? Employees and Title Supervisor Name of JHA

Preparer:

Personal Protective Equipment Needed for Task Job Location: Reviewed by date:


Each Group Prepares

a JHA for their task

• Choose two people to talk about the job and the hazards your groupidentified.

• They will present your recommendations and explain them

• Discuss what you learned


Exercise

•Answer

questions

and share

comments


GROUP PRESENTATIONS

Job Safety/ Job Hazard Analysis


Questions & Comments?


• Defining Job Hazard Analysis

• Choosing Jobs to Analyze

• JHA Process: Job Steps and Hazards

• Write It Up

• Classroom Exercise

• Employee Rights Under OSHA

64

Learning Review


Employee Rights

Under OSHA


OSHA laws give workers the right to:

• Participate in safety and health activities

• Report work related injuries or illnesses

• Report safety violations

66

OSHA Rights and Whistleblower

Protections

Employer cannot take action against

you for using your OSHA rights.


• Firing or laying off

• Blacklisting

• Demoting

• Denying overtime or

promotion

• Denial of benefits

• Disciplining

• Failure to hire or rehire

• Intimidation

• Making threats

• Reassignment that hurts chances of promotion

• Reducing pay or hours

67

NO

No ‘Adverse Actions’

for Safety Activities

Retaliation is against the law


If you get in trouble for complaining about safety:

LET OSHA KNOW!

Whistleblower Time Line

OSHA LAW

Under Section 11(c) of the OSH Act,

employees are protected from retaliation

when they:

• file a safety complaint

• participate in a safety inspection.

TO BE PROTECTED

If employees experience retaliation, they

must file a complaint with OSHA within

30 days.

• If employees win their

complaint case, they could

be entitled to back pay and

compensation for damages

• If employees lose their

complaint case, they have

15 days to “appeal” the

decision.

• An appeal is a second

chance to win68D1199C Training Fund HWWH SH29634-SH6

1.E-mail, with ONLINE Forms

2.Telephone OSHA

3.Visit, and Talk to Them

4.Fax a Complaint

5.Mail a Letter

69

FIVE Ways to Communicate with OSHA


How to Contact OSHA

www.OSHA.gov

• US Department of Labor/OSHA

The Wanamaker Building

100 Penn Square East, 12th floor

Philadelphia, PA 19107

• Telephone: (215) 597-4955

• Fax: (215) 861-4904

• Call their toll-free number: 1-800-321-OSHA (6742)

• OSHA WILL KEEP YOUR INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL


70

http://www.osha.gov/

OSHA Website LinksOccupational Safety & Health Administration

• How to file a complaint with OSHA

http://www.osha.gov/as/opa/worker/complain.html

• Online Complaint form:

http://www.osha.gov/pls/osha7/eComplaintForm.html

• Download a form and mail or fax it to

them:

In English: http://www.osha.gov/oshforms/osha7.pdf

In Spanish:

http://www.osha.gov/oshforms/OSHA7_SPANISH.pdf

D1199C Training Fund HWWH SH29634-SH6 71

http://www.osha.gov/as/opa/worker/complain.html

http://www.osha.gov/pls/osha7/eComplaintForm.html

http://www.osha.gov/oshforms/osha7.pdf

http://www.osha.gov/oshforms/OSHA7_SPANISH.pdf

Healthcare Occupational Safety Center

Health Workers Working Healthy

District 1199C Training & Upgrading Fund

100 South Broad Street, 10 Floor

Philadelphia, PA 19119

www.1199ctraining.org/safety

72

For more information


http://www.1199ctraining.org/