JIS L1907-2004-ENG

JIS JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARD

Translated and Published by Japanese Standards Association

Testing methods for water absorbency of textiles

ICs 59.080.01 Reference number : JIS L 1907 : 2004 (E)

PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT 8s

L 1907: 2004

Foreword

This translation has been made based on the original Japanese Industrial Standard revised by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry through deliberations at the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, as the result of proposal for revision of Japanese Industrial Standard submitted by Japan Textile Evaluation Technical Council (JTETC)/Japanese Standards Association (JSA) with the draft being attached, based on the provision of Article 12 Clause 1 of the Industrial Standardization Law applicable to the case of revision by the provision of Article 14. Consequently JIS L 1907:1994 is replaced with this Standard. Attention is drawn t o the possibility that some parts of this Standard may conflict with a patent right, application for a patent after opening to the public, utility model right or application for registration of utility model after opening to the public which have technical properties. The relevant Minister and the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee are not responsible for identifying the patent right, application for a patent after opening to the public, utility model right or application for registration of utility model after opening to the public which have the said technical properties.

Date of Establishment: 1994-11-01

Date of Revision: 2004-09-20

Date of Public Notice in Official Gazette: 2004-09-21

Investigated by: Japanese Industrial Standards Committee

Standards Board

Technical Committee on Consumer Life Products

TIS L 1907 :2004, First English edition published in 2005-03

Translated and published by: Japanese Standards Association 4-1-24, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-8440 JAPAN

In the event of any doubts arising as to the contents, the original JIS is to be the final authority.

O JSA 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.

Printed in Japan N/HB

PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT

--`,`,`,,,,,``,`,,,,,`,``,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

L 1907 : 2004

Contents

Page ............................................................................................................................ Scope 1

................................................................................................ Normative references 1

Definitions 1

Sampling and preparation of sample or specimen 1

Test condition 1

Classification of test 1

Test method 2

.................................................................................................................. ..............................................

............................................................................................................ .................................................................................................

................................................................................................................ 7.1 Water absorption rate (water absorption rate method) ................................. 2 7.2 Water absorption ratio (water absorption ratio method) ............................... 5 7.3 Maximum water absorption rate and water absorption amount

at the point of the maximum water absorption rate (surface water absorption method) 7 .....................................................................

(i)


--`,`,`,,,,,``,`,,,,,`,``,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARD JIS L 1907 : 2004

Testing methods for water absorbency of textiles

1 water absorbency of textiles.

Scope This Japanese Industrial Standard specifies the testing methods for

2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this Standard, constitute provisions of this Standard. The most recent editions (including amendments) of the standards indicated below shall be applied.

JIS B 7516 Metal rules

J IS K 0050

J IS L 0105

J IS L 0208

J IS P 3801

J IS R 3503

JIS R 3504

JIS R 3505 Volumetric glassware

JIS Z 8401

General rules for chemical analysis

General principles o f physical testing methods for textiles

Glossary of terms used in textile industry - Testing

Filter paper (for chemical analysis)

Glass apparatus for chemical analysis

Glass material for chemical analysis

Guide to the rounding of numbers

3 0105 and JIS L 0208 apply.

Definitions For the purposes of this Standard, the definitions given in JIS L

4 The sample shall be taken according to 5.3 (i) or (2) of JIS L 0105. The specimen t o be used for test shall be kept under the standard condition prior to the test according to 4.3 (i) of JIS L 0105.

Sampling and preparation of sample or specimen

5 Test condition The test shall be carried out in a laboratory under the standard condition according to 4.1 and 4.2 of JIS L 0105. If it is impossible t o keep the laboratory a t the standard condition, the test shall be carried out a t a laboratory under the nearest possible condition to that of the standard, and the temperature and humidity when tested shall be mentioned in the test report.

6 Classification of test classes and carried out by a suitable method selected among them.

The test shall be classified into the following three

a) Water absorption rate (water absorption rate method)

i) Dripping method This method shall be mainly applied to other than water repellent textiles (containing oil content like hair, and others). For pile fabrics which have high water absorbency, this method can be applied by using sugar water in place of water.

This method shall be mainly applied t o other than the textiles with high water absorbency.

2) Byreck method


--`,`,`,,,,,``,`,,,,,`,``,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

2 L 1907 : 2004

3) Sinking method This method shall be applied to the textiles of which the fabric structure is comparatively simple and untreated.

b) Water absorption ratio (water absorption ratio method) This method shall be mainly applied to the textiles with high water absorbency.

c ) Maximum water absorption rate and water absorption amount at the point of maximum water absorption rate (surface water absorption method) This method shall be mainly applied to the textiles with high water absorbency.

7 Test method

7.1 Water absorption rate (water absorption rate method)

7.1.1 Dripping method The dripping method shall be as follows:

a) Apparatus The apparatus shall consist of the following as shown in figure 1.

Specimen holding frame A metallic ring as shown in figure 2 or capable of holding the specimen in equal to this.

Burette

1)

2)

3) Stopwatch, graduated by 0.5 s.

4) Light source,

A burette with a stop cock specified in JIS R 3505.

500 lx to 1 O00 lx in brightness and capable of confirming visually the mirror reflection of water.

Unit: mm Unit: mm

holding Y

frame

7 Inside frame

x. 2

'L Outside frame

Figure 1 Testing apparatus Figure 2 Specimen holding for dripping method frame


--`,`,`,,,,,``,`,,,,,`,``,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

3 L 1907 : 2004

b) Procedure Take five specimens of approximately 200 mm x 200 mm in size from the sample in clause 4.

Then, fix the specimen to the specimen holding frame (l), adjust so that the height from the surface of specimen to the tip of burette becomes 10 mm, drop one drip of water (2) from the burette, and measure the time from the waterdrop reaching on the surface of specimen to its no longer indicating a special reflection(3) to the nearest 0.5 s with a stopwatch.

For the test result, the mean value of five measurements of the time until the waterdrop on specimen no longer indicates a special reflection shall be expressed by rounding off to an integer according t o JIS Z 8401.

Notes (I) The specimen holding frame is placed between the light source and the observer and observed from the angle a t which the special light reflection of waterdrop can be clearly observed.

(2) The water shall be that specified in JIS K 0050 and be 20 "C f 2 "C in temperature. In the case of the specimen of high water absorbency, 50 % or 65 % sugar water may be used in place of water. In this case, the correction value shall be 0.141 for 50 % and 0.023 for 65 %.

( 3 ) The sentence, "its no longer indicating a special reflection", means the condition that the mirror reflection disappears as the specimen absorbs the waterdrop and only wetness remains.

c) Test report

i) Classification of test

2j

3)

4)

The following information shall be mentioned in the test report.

Measured surface (the front or back of specimen)

Concentration of sugar water (when sugar water is used in place of water) (%I Water absorption rate (the time until a special reflection is no longer seen) (sj and its mean value (s)

7.1.2 Byreck method Byreck method shall be as follows:

a) Apparatus The apparatus shall consist of the following as shown in figure 3.

Water bath, of such a size as its walls do not contact the supporting frame of horizontal bar.

Supporting frame of horizontal bar, capable of fixing a horizontal bar which descends vertically to the water bath.

Horizontal bar, water proofing and made of the material capable of fixing the specimen.

i)

2)

3)

4) Scale, specified in JIS B 7516.


--`,`,`,,,,,``,`,,,,,`,``,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

4 L 1907 : 2004

Specimen -,, ,- Horizontal bar

Supporting frame of horizontal bar 7

I J

Scale

-Water tank

Figure 3 Testing apparatus of Byreck method

b) Procedure Take from the sample in clause 4, five specimens of 200 mm x 25 mm in size respectively in longitudinal and lateral directions for woven fabrics and in wale and course directions for knitted fabrics.

Then, after fixing the specimens onto the horizontal bar supported over the water surface of water bath containing water (4) by using pins and the like, lower the horizontal bar to adjust so that the lower ends of specimens are immersed in water, and leave them as they are for 10 min. After leaving them as they are, measure the height of water raised by a capillary phenomenon to the nearest 1 mm by using a scale.

The test result shall be expressed by the mean value of five measurements of the height of water raised in longitudinal and lateral directions or wale and course directions respectively by rounding off to an integer according to JIS Z 840 1.

Note (4 ) Water shall be tha t specified in JIS K 0050 and 20 "C f 2 "C in temperature. When i t is difficult to read the height of water raised by capillary phenomenon, the aqueous solution, in which a water soluble dye is lightly dissolved in water, may be used in place of water.

c ) Test report The following information shall be mentioned in the test report.


2)

3)

Name of dye (when water soluble dye is used)

Water absorption rate in longitudinal and lateral directions or wale and course directions (height of water raised) (mm) and the mean value of respective water absorption rate (mm)

7.1.3 Sinking method The sinking method shall be as follows.

a) Apparatus For the apparatus, the followings shall be used.

1) Water bath,

2) Stopwatch, graduated by 0.5 s.

sample in clause 4.

of such a size as i t does not contact the specimens.

b) Procedures Take three sheets of specimen of 10 mm x 10 mm size from the


--`,`,`,,,,,``,`,,,,,`,``,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

5 L 1907 : 2004

Then, after floating the specimen so as t o make the measured surface downward in the water bath containing water (2) , measure the time (5) until the specimen is wetted and s tar ts to sink into water to the nearest 1 s using a stopwatch. When one or two sheets among the three specimens do not sink, furthermore add three sheets of specimen and carry out the same operation.

The test result shall be expressed by the mean value of three measurements of the time until the specimen is wetted and starts to sink into water by rounding off to an integer according to JIS Z 8401. When one or two sheets among three sheets of specimen do not sink, test another three sheets and express the mean value of the specimens which have sunk among the six sheets.

Note ( 5 ) When the specimen does not sink after one hour or longer has elapsed, it shall be regarded as no sinking.

c ) Test report The following information shall be mentioned in the test report.


2)

3)

Measured surface (the front or back of specimen)

Water absorption rate (the time until the specimen is wetted and starts to sink into water) (s) and its mean value (s)

Number of no sinking specimens (when there idare specimen(s) not sinking after one hour or longer have elapsed)

4)

7.2 Water absorption ratio (water absorption ratio method) The water absorption ratio method shall be as follows.

a) Apparatus For the apparatus, the following shall be used.

1) Chemical balance,

2) Immersion bath, of such a size as it does not contact the specimens and

3) Weight, having sufficient mass t o sink the specimen to the bottom of

4) Filter paper, of class 2 square filter paper (200 mm x 200 mm) specified

5) Roll wringer, as shown in figure 4. The roll of wringer shall be constructed so that load is uniformly applied on the roller 300 mm in length and 50 mm to 65 mm in diameter by the upper press device (9 27.0 kg f 0.3 kg in mass, and the surface speed can be adjusted at 25 mm/s.

capable of weighing to the nearest 1 mg.

capable of keeping the water level of 200 mm or over.

immersion tank.

in JIS P 3801.

Note (9 The upper press device shall be composed of the upper roll and the frame t o support it, and i t is recommended to be constructed so that the mass can be adjusted by weight.


--`,`,`,,,,,``,`,,,,,`,``,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

6 L 1907 : 2004

Upper

Immersion

press

- bath -

Figure 4 Roll wringer

b) Procedure Take three sheets of specimen 75 mm x 75 mm in size from the sample in clause 4.

Then, weigh the mass of specimen by using a chemical balance to the nearest 1 mg, put the specimen, to one end of which a sufficient weight capable of sinking i t in water bath is fixed, into the immersion bath containing water (2> as shown in figure 5 , and adjust the water level so that the upper end of specimen comes to 50 mm below the water surface and immerse for 20 min.

After immersing, take out the specimen from the immersion bath, place i t between two sheets of dried filter papers, pass it in the roll wringer at 25 m d s in surface speed, then immediately weigh the mass of specimen to the nearest 1 mg by using a chemical balance, and obtain the water absorption ratio according to the following formula.

The test result shall be expressed by rounding off the mean value of three measurements of water absorption ratio to an integer according to JIS Z 8401.

m2 - mi x 100 c = ml

where, c : water absorption ratio (9'0)

ml : mass of specimen before water absorption (mg)

m2 : mass of specimen wrung by a roll wringer after absorption (mg)

Unit : mm

Water level

t

Filter paper 200x 200

F W a t e r 20 '

Height of water

pl r- /751 Bottom of tank

'Ct2 "C

O O

-Immersion bath

Figure 5 Installation method of specimen into immersion bath


7 L 1907 : 2004

c) Test report


2)


Water absorption ratio of specimen (9%) and its mean value (%I

7.3 Maximum water absorption rate and water absorption amount at the point of the maximum water absorption rate (surface water absorption method) The surface water absorption method shall be as follows.

a) Apparatus For the apparatus, the following shall be used.

i) Measuring apparatus for water absorbency The apparatus consisting of glass filter plate, water suction pipe, lifting device and the like as shown in figure 6, equipped with the device capable of reading automatically the amount of liquid in water suction pipe to the nearest 0.01 ml and having the function of measuring the amount of water absorbed every one second immediately after the specimen contacts the filter plate or that having the function equal or superior to this.

Water suction pipe The glass pipe 10 mm to 12 mm in outside diameter, 6.0 mm f 0.3 mm in inside diameter and 10 ml in full scale, and of hard class specified in JIS R 3504 or that having the performance equal or superior to this.

The filter plate of No. 2 pore size specified in JIS R 3503, having 63 mm It 2 mm diameter and the specified water flow resistance (7).

2)

3) Glass filter plate

Note ( 7 ) When sucking a t 118 Pa f 2 Pa of suction pressure in a room under the standard condition, the amount of water flow after 10 s shall be 3.36 ml i. 0.01 ml.

Doughnut plate, made of polyethylene terephthalate, and 63 mm t- 2 mm in outside diameter, 20.0 mm I 0.5 mm in inside diameter, 0.10 mm f 0.05 mm in thickness.

Specimen holder, diameter and 480 g t- 5 g in mass.

Lifting device, a t the rate of 74 mm/min t- 5 m d m i n .

made of plastics or metal, and 60 mm f 2 mm in

capable of lowering the holder onto the glass filter plate


--`,`,`,,,,,``,`,,,,,`,``,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

8 L 1907 : 2004

Unit: mm

-Auxiliary tank

- - \ 'water suction DiDe i Water suction _ _ i Meniscus reading sensor

tank

60124 Specimen holder

20I0.5 6 3 I 2 4

Doughnut plate

Figure 6 Measuring apparatus for water absorbency

b) Procedure in clause 4.

Take five sheets of specimen 60 mm in diameter from the sample

Then, adjust the head difference (*I of measuring apparatus for water absorbency a t 30 mm * 1 mm, after adjusting so as to make the water suction pipe and glass filter plate horizontal, fill the water suction tank with water(2), then supply water to the water suction pipe up to zero point.

Next, place the doughnut plate on the glass filter plate, install the specimen holder (9) fixed with specimen in the lifting device, lower the specimen holder on the surface of glass filter plate at the rate of 74 mmímin k, 5 mm/min, measure the amount of water absorption t o the nearest 0.01 ml every one second from the time when water absorption is sensed by the measuring apparatus for water absorbency, and obtain the water absorption rate according to the following formula. And, obtain the maximum water absorption rate and the amount of water absorption at the point of the maximum water absorption rate from the relation of water absorption amount to water absorption rate of every hour as shown in the example of table 1.

The test result shall be expressed so that the mean value of five measurements of the maximum water absorption rate and the water absorption amount a t the point of the maximum water absorption rate respectively are rounded off to two decimal places according to JIS Z 8401. In this case, the initial maximum value shall be taken as "the maximum water absorption rate", and the water absorption amount a t this time shall be used as "the water absorption amount a t the point of maximum water absorption rate". As occasion demands, the saturated water absorption amount shall be also used.

where, Cu, : water absorption rate a t the point of n s (ml/s)


--`,`,`,,,,,``,`,,,,,`,``,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

9. L 1907 : 2004

Time

S

Xn+i : water absorption amount at the point of (n + i) s

X , : water absorption amount at the point of n s (mi)

(mi)

t : measuring interval of water absorption amount ( s )

Water Water Calculation method absorption absorption amount ra te

ml mus

Table 1 Example of method obtaining for water absorp t ion rate

(0.02 - O ) + 1 = 0.02 0.02 0.02

l(O.10 - 0.02) i 1 = 0.08 ~ 1 0.08 i >

}(0.50 - 0.10) i 1 = 0.40-Maximum water absorption rate

}(0.54 - O.50) + 1 = O e o 4

0.50 0.40 Water absorption amount a t t h e point of maximum water

0.04 absorption r a t e

Notes (9 The head difference means the difference of height between the glass filter plate and the centre of water suction pipe

(9) The specimen is stuck to the bottom surface of specimen holder with double-sided adhesive tape and the like.

c ) Test report


2)

3)


The front or back of specimen (when there is the front or back)

The maximum water absorption rate (ml/s), the water absorption amount at the point of maximum water absorption rate (mi) and the mean values of them, and as occasion demands the saturated water absorption amount (mi)


--`,`,`,,,,,``,`,,,,,`,``,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Errata for JIS (English edition) are printed in Srandardizarzon Journal, published monthly by the Japanese Standards Association, and also provided to subscribers of JIS (English edition) in Monrhly Information.

Errata will be provided upon request, please contact: Standardization Promotion Department, Japanese Standards Association 4- 1-24, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-8440 JAPAN TEL. 03-3583-8002 FAX. 03-3583-0462

100% Recycled paper


--`,`,`,,,,,``,`,,,,,`,``,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Documents

JIS L1907-2004-ENG