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Jinwook Seo
Pad++: A Zoomable Graphical Sketchpad For Exploring Alternati
ve Interface Physics
Benjamin B. Bederson, James D. Hollan, Ken Perlin, Jonathan Meyer, Dav
id Bacon, George Furnas
Jinwook Seo
Paper Outline
• Introduction : Motivations• Descriptions of Pad++ features• Visualization : Visualization Example with Pad++• Space-Scale Diagrams : Analytical tool• Procedural Animation : Smooth animation• Implementation• Physics-Based Strategies For Interface Design• Future Directions• Availability
Jinwook Seo
Motivations• Limited space vs. Infinite space
– Elastic stretchable infinite sheet
• Metaphor-based approachvs. Physics-based approach
– beyond the desktop metaphor– new computer-based mechanisms
• Interface Design = Development of a physics of appearance and
behavior for informational objects
Informational physics
Material
physics
activity use
representation wear
Jinwook Seo
Motivations• View information at multiple scales
– Semantic zooming
• Tap into natural spatial ways of thinking– Central focal area + periphery in detail
• Make it more intuitive and easier to find specific information in large dataspaces Filter or recommend a subset of the data
Provide a useful substrate to structure information
Jinwook Seo
What is Pad++?• A general-purpose substrate for creating an
d interacting with structured information based on a zoomable interface
Substrate
(C++)
TCL/TK
API
KPL
Applications
Jinwook Seo
Features of Pad++• Semantic Zooming
– Change the way things look depending on their size
• Portals and Lenses– Provide views onto other areas(+filtering)– Index : sticky portal– Lenses: change only the way objects are
presented
• Visual searching + Context-based search
Jinwook Seo
Visualization Experiments
• Multiple-resolution space
vs. Fixed-resolution layout– There is always more room to put information
“between the cracks”.– Suitable for visualizing hierarchical data
• Deeper the hierarchy, smaller the size
Jinwook Seo
Visualization Experiments
• HTML Browser– Graphical depiction of semantic relationship
between windows– Tree structure : Parent-child relationship– Overview Lense– Arbitrary cyclic graph
• Choose the root node, and BFS
Jinwook Seo
Visualization Experiments
• HTML Browser
Jinwook Seo
Visualization Experiments
• Directory Browser
Jinwook Seo
Visualization Experiments
• Timeline
Jinwook Seo
Visualization Experiments
• Oval Document layout
Jinwook Seo
Space-Scale Diagram
Jinwook Seo
Space-Scale Diagram
Basic pan-zoom trajectories
Jinwook Seo
Space-Scale Diagram
Solution to the simple joint pan-zoom problem
Jinwook Seo
Space-Scale Diagram
Shortest path in pan-zoom parameter space
Jinwook Seo
Space-Scale Diagram
Semantic Zooming
Jinwook Seo
Procedural Animation
• To support an informational physics in
which objects animate naturally
• KPL : fast post-fix stack language
• Morphing : Transition between two actions having different tempos
• Example : Zoomable Choice Widget
• Example : Mouse and Cheese
Jinwook Seo
A zoomable choice widget
Procedural Animation
Jinwook Seo
Implementation
• 600,000 Objects : 10 frames/sec
• Rendering times # of visible objects
Substrate
(C++)
TCL/TK
API
KPL
Applications
Jinwook Seo
Efficiency Methods in Pad++• Spatial Indexing : bounding box• Clustering : balanced tree• Refinement : skip detail while navigating• LOD : render item depending on its size• Region Management : changed region update• Clipping• Adjustable Frame Rate• Interruption• Ephemeral Objects• Optimized Image Rendering
Jinwook Seo
Physics-Based Strategies For Interface Design
• Effective complement to traditional metaphor-based approaches
• Exploit radical new computer-based mechanism (zoom/scale)
• appearance and behavior knowledge
• Large and complex information needs scale
Jinwook Seo
My favorite sentence
If interface designers are to move beyond window, icons, menus, and pointers to explore a larger space of interface possibility,
additional ways of thinking about interface that go beyond the desktop metaphor are required.
Jinwook Seo
Contributions
• A new strategies for interface design– Physics-Based Strategy– Exploring more effective computer-based
mechanisms
• Space-Scale Diagram – analytical tool for multiscale spaces
Jinwook Seo
Notes on the references
• Sketchpad, Sutherland, MIT,1963 – The first interactive computer graphics– TX-2 : 320KB, 9 inch CRT, lightpen– 2000:1 scale many acres of drawing space
• Constraint-Based Drawing, Borning, 1979
• Pad, Ken Perlin and David Fox, NYU, 1993– Semantic Zooming, Portal
Jinwook Seo
Notes on the references
• Generalized Fisheye Views by Furnas
• Perspective wall by Mackinlay
• Information Visualizer by Stuart Card– Information workspace– E.g. Cone-tree
Jinwook Seo
Critique
• Strengths– Alternative strategies for interface design– Space-Scale Diagram– Well organized, easy to read.
• Weaknesses– Limitations of ZUI ? (lost in space, irreversible)– Usability test/Performance analysis ?
Jinwook Seo
What has happened to this topic?
• Pad++ version 0.9 available in UCSD
• Jazz in UMD– General-purpose 2D graphics toolkit for creatin
g ZUI– Monolithic Design vs. Minilithic Design
• KidPad (Jazz Application)– a collaborative story authoring tool for children