Jin Huang (LANL) for the PHENIX collaboration. PHENIX collaboration actively pursue forward upgrade Wide spectrum of forward physics considered

s/ePHENIX forward upgrade

Jin Huang (LANL)for the PHENIX collaboration

Jin Huang <[email protected]> 2

PHENIX collaboration actively pursue forward upgrade Wide spectrum of forward physics considered A upgrade path that supports pp, pA, ep, eA collisions

◦ Assuming EIC start at 2025; ◦ On the path, hadron collisions benefit from upgrade starting ~2019

Workshop on Forward upgrades

q

hg*e’

e


Distribution of quarks and gluons and their spins in space and momentum inside the nucleon◦ Nucleon helicity structure ◦ Parton transverse motion in the nucleon ◦ Spatial distribution of partons and parton orbital angular

momentum QCD in nuclei

◦ Nuclear modification of parton distributions◦ Gluon saturation◦ Propagation/Hadronization in nuclear matter

Outlined in EIC white paper, arXiv:1212.1701 LOI charged to both PHENIX and STAR


EIC (Stage I) physics overview

q

hg*e’

e

EIC coverage/ world data comparison:

Helicity structure function SIDIS Sivers Asymmetries DVCS


DY SSA (AN) gives access to, among others, quark Sivers effect (f1T⊥) in proton

◦ f1T⊥ expected to reverse in sign from SIDIS to DY measurement, an important test for gauge-link

understanding of TMD◦ Testing the size of TMD evolutions◦ Probing orbital motion of partons

Require forward di-lepton detection


p-p forward spin physics I - DY AN

One-year running projection

proton

proton μ-

μ+proton

lepton lepton

pion

Semi-inclusive DIS (SIDIS) Drell-Yan

Courtesy to M. Burkardt


p-p forward spin physics IIJet Asymmetries

Jet/photon left-right asymmetry Probes Sivers effect: parton level correlation between spin and transverse momentum Detector: require good jet reconstruction

Left-right asymmetry of identified hadron inside jets Collins fragmentation: transverse quark spin → kT of hadron Probes: quark transversity and tensor charge Detector: + PID inside the jet


• Separating origin of AN with Jet measurements


Forward observables allows probe low-x region in nuclei

Hadron transverse spin asymmetry◦ Link between TMD and CGC framework,

relates transverse single spin asymmetry to saturation scale

◦ Allowed by unique capability of RHIC to collide polarized proton with ions and protons

Di-Jet measurement ◦ Probe both flavors of distribution for gluon at low-x limits, G(1) & G(2)


Forward physics in p-A collisions

Kang, Yuan PRD84 (2011) 034019


With detection capability beyond Bjorken plateau: Correlation measurements

→ longitudinal expansion (3d-hydro) Direct photons

→ the expansion of the medium Extended (di-)jet coverage

→ jet energy loss in the medium Suppression measurements

→ test linear factorization Additional handle for critical point search


Forward physics in heavy ion collisions


PHENIX has been planning upgrade programs aimed at both central and forward region◦ Central MIE sent to DOE by BNL Apr 2013

Productive series of workfests hosted to brainstorm/develop forward detector designs◦ Recent workshops: May 2013 @ Santa Fe and July 2013 @ Japan/RIKEN

Current progress◦ Converging on detector concept designs◦ Performance quantified in first order◦ Developing GEANT simulation models

ePHENIX LOI writing committee formed, planned collaboration release at end of August


Designing the next stage forward PHENIX

e/sPHENIX forward workfest, Santa Fe, May 21-25


Use jets as a tool to investigate the constituents and dynamics of the sQGP in the region of strongest coupling through its transport coefficients

Detector package: Solenoidal field/Central silicon tracking/EMCal+Preshower/HCal

Steady progress◦ Started in 2009 with PHENIX decadal plans◦ Initial MIE submitted to BNL June 2012◦ BNL administered review Oct 2012◦ MIE sent to DOE by BNL Apr 2013

Compatible with forward designs


Central rapidity Upgrade

arXiv:1207.6378, and updates

Jin Huang <[email protected]> 10Workshop on Forward upgrades

Forward detector design Goals and constraints

1.684 m

IP4.50 m

q=10 mrad

1.9

cm (p

o/2.

5)

ZDCq=10 mrad

q=4 mrad

1.06m

1.0 m 1.95 m

0.845 m

neutronsIon beam

246812

1416 10

0.11

07 m

0.13

3 m

Electron quadrupoles

Combined functionmagnetQuad 3 Quad 2

3

11.0364m

5 mrad

From D. Trbojevic

e p/A

Upgrade path that supports pp/pA/AA, then ep/eA physics◦ Jets, lepton and photons over a large range in rapidity (1<η<4)◦ Hadron PID in the forward region◦ Additional backward+central electron measurement in EIC stage

Compatible with central arm upgrade Fit in the default IR for s/ePHENIX◦ IR limit in Z = 4.5m ◦ Height limit of beam-rail of 4.5 m◦ No bending magnetic field on beam


Cancelation of SuperB has made BaBar solenoid potentially available

Favor for forward tracking◦ Longer field volume (L x~2)◦ Higher current density at end of the

magnet◦ Quantified by comparison to the

default and extended sPHENIX solenoid

At ALD’s request, drafting an official letter to express interest in acquiring the magnet


Recent development:Babar Magnet

Tracking resolution based on field calculationBabar magnet VS longer MIE sPHENIX magnet

BaBar solenoid in its transfer frame, May 17 2013

Longer Magnet

Babar


A detector concept – hadron collisions

Aerogel&

RICH

GEMStation4

EMCal

HCal

GEMStation2

z (cm)

R (cm)

HCal

η~1

η~4

η~-1

R (cm)

GEMStation3

SiliconStation1

MuID

p p3He p p A A A

Forward field shaper (later slides)

Central silicon tracking

EMCal& Preshower

Numerical field calculation from POISSION shownCrosschecked with Opera/FEM and used in analysis of later slides


A detector concept – EIC collisions

p/A e-

Aerogel&

RICH

GEMStation4

EMCal

HCal

GEMStation2

z (cm)

R (cm)

HCal

EMCal& Preshower

GEMs

EMCal & Preshower

μ-TPC

DIRC

η~1

η~4

-1.2

R (cm)

GEMStation3

GEMsStation1

η~-1


Design Family Example

Piston • Passive piston (C. L. da Silva)• Super conducting piston (Y. Goto)

Dipole • Forward dipole (Y. Goto, A. Deshpande, et. al.)• Redirect magnetic flux of solenoid (T. Hemmick)• Use less-magnetic material for a azimuthal portion of central H-Cal (E. Kistenev)

Toroid • Air core toroid (E. Kistenev)• Six fold toroid (J. Huang)

Other axial symmetric Field shaper

• Large field solenoidal extension (C. L. da Silva)• Pancake field pusher (T. Hemmick)


Very forward tracking ideas probed: Specialized forward field considered

Beam line magnetic field shielding,based on superconducting pipe.Test device planned (Stony Brook Group)

B


One promising solution:Passive piston field shaper

BTrack

by C. L. da Silva


Advantage :◦ Significantly improved very

forward field where Babar field is least effective

◦ Simple implementation◦ Minimal interaction with

Babar field and beam Challenges that under study◦ Background shower from

piston◦ Further improvement limited

by total piston flux (may use silicon detector)


Passive piston field shaper

With passive piston(Notice change in vertical scale)

Default Babar field

by C. L. da SilvaPiston area


Cherenkov detector for hadron ID◦ p<~10 GeV/c: aerogel radiator◦ p>~10 GeV/c: gas radiator◦ Statistical separation under study, considering

Photon fluctuation and detection error Tracking resolution Field bending (next slides)

◦ Promising hadron PID capability demonstrated EM Calorimeter

◦ Restacking of the current PHENIX calorimeter◦ σ(E)/E ~ 8%/√E

Hadronic calorimeter ◦ New iron scintillator sample calorimeter◦ Also serve as field return◦ σ(E)/E ~ 90%/√E

Other PID options under study◦ Stack of threshold Cherenkov detectors◦ High precision TOF detectors


Forward PID consideration

Purity of hadron sample using CF4 RICHby T. Erdenejargal (U. Colorado)

• dp/p = 0.5% x p assumed • Evaluated 10x250 EIC at η=3

Purit

y

Proton not

firing RICH

−π−K−p

Stat. limit


Estimating field distortion for RICH

Track

Field calculated numerically with field return Field lines mostly parallel to tracks in the

RICH volume Field distortion of RICH ring only contribute

to a minor uncertainty

RICH

GEMStation3

EMCal

HCal

r

A RICH Ring:Photon distribution due to tracking bending only

R

DispersionΔR <2 mrad

R < 52 mrad for C4F10


Initial study of pointing resolution◦ 1<η<3: 0.01-0.03 (rad or η unit)◦ 3<η<4: ~0.05 (rad or η unit)


Initial Jet response studywith EMCal + HCalby Mike M.

Azimuthal difference VS ETrue Azimuthal Resolution VS ETrue

Ereco VS Etrue :

1<η<2 2<η<3 3<η<4


2D Field calculation using three tools and cross check◦ Opera/FEM/POISSION

Simulation implementation in Geant4


On going simulation work

PYTHIA 5x50 GeV e-p event in GEANT4by C. Pinkenburg

30 GeV electron track and shower in hadron endcap, by C. L. da Silva


PHENIX collaboration actively pursue forward upgrade Wide spectrum of forward physics and collision species

considered◦ For pp/pA/AA collisions : multi-dimentional hadron structure, cold

nuclear matter, critical point search and 3d-hydro◦ For EIC stage-I, ep/eA collisions:

Nucleon helicity and multi-dimentional structure, Nuclear modification, Gluon saturation, Propagation/Hadronization in nuclear matter

Upgrade path for both hadron and EIC collisions◦ Fit into geometry constraint, no field on beam line◦ Converging on detector concept and upgrade path◦ Providing a large rapidity coverage and comprehensive PID capability◦ Quantifying detector performance


Summary

Documents

Jin Huang (LANL) for the PHENIX collaboration. PHENIX collaboration actively pursue forward upgrade Wide spectrum of forward physics considered