Jim Crow Laws

• Were made to discriminate against African Americans.

• Affected four main areas of life.– Education– Housing– Employment– Government

African American Response to Jim Crow

• African American response to Jim Crow was varied.

• Booker T. Washington– Believed that equality could be gained

through vocational education. – He accepted social segregation.

• W.E.B. DuBois– Believed in full political, civil, and social rights

for African Americans.

Westward Expansion Before the Civil War….

Americans looked at The Great Plains as a Treeless Wasteland

After the Civil War because of New Technologies

Americans looked at The Great Plains as

a Vast Area to be Settled.

Why The Great Plains?1. Opportunity for land ownership

2. Technological advances, like the Transcontinental Railroad.

3. Possibility of wealth when gold and silver were discovered

4. New beginning for former slaves.

5. Adventure.

1. Who wanted full political, civil and social rights for African Americans?

A. W.E.B. DuBoisB. Booker T. Washington

2. All of the following were reasons for westward expansion EXCEPT….

A. Possibility of wealthB. AdventureC. New Beginning for former slavesD. Escape from oppressive governments

Immigration and Industrialization

• Between the Civil War and WWI the United States changed.

• The US changed from an agricultural to an industrial nation.

• What does that mean?

Mechanization

• Mechanization means that machines are doing the work that men once did.

• Farmers had reduced labor needs on their farms by using machines like the reaper.

• The reaper did the work of nine men! These men went to the cities looking for work. This helped the cities grow.

Big BusinessBig Businesses like

• Railroads• Oil• Steel

built up in the cities because….• National markets had been created by

improvements in transportation.• The captains of industry had the money to start

them.• Advertising and..• Lower cost production.

Increased Immigration

• Many immigrants came to the US in the late 19th century. They came for the following reasons…..

• Hope for better opportunities• Religious freedom• Escape from oppressive governments• Adventure

So many immigrants moving to the cities helped them to grow.

Specialized Industries

• Some cities specialized in certain industries.

• Chicago specialized in meatpacking• Pittsburgh specialized in Steel • Detroit specialized in Automobiles

• Specializing in an industry helped the cities grow larger.

Why did cities develop?

Can you name three reasons that cities developed?

1. Specialized industries in some cities.

2. Immigration from other countries.

3. Movement of Americans from rural to urban areas.

Child Labor

• Many children in the late 19th and early 20th centuries had to work to help support their families.

• Conditions were not good in factories for children. They were unable to go to school, the factories were not safe, and the children did not make much money.

• Many US employers liked to hire children to work in the factories, because they didn’t have to pay children as much as adults. Children were a cheap source of labor.

Cultural Conflicts

• As the United States grew, there were conflicts with different cultures.

• Many immigrants faced discrimination.

• The Irish and Chinese are two examples of immigrant groups that faced discrimination in the late 19th century.

Indian Conflicts

• Battle of Little Big Horn

• Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce

1. Who was the chief of the Nez Perce Indians?

A. Sitting Bull B. Chief Joseph

2. Why did employers want to hire children?

A. There were many children looking for workB. They were cheap laborC.They were better workers

3. Can you name the three reasons cities developed?

1. Specialized industries in some cities.

2. Immigration from other countries

3. Movement of Americans from rural areas to urban areareas.

Progressive Movement

• The Progressive Movement started in the late 19th century and lasted until about 1920.

• The purpose of the Progressive Movement was to make life better for people in the US.

Progressive Movement

• One thing the Progressive Movement did was to make working conditions in factories better.

• Two other things the Progressive Movement did was women’s suffrage and prohibition.

Prohibition

• Prohibition was the movement to make alcohol illegal in the US.

• The 18th Amendment made alcohol illegal.

• People still wanted to drink so….• They opened speakeasies• Bootleggers smuggled liquor• Organized crime grew

Women’s Suffrage

• Susan B. Anthony worked hard to give women the right to vote.

• Women gained the right to vote with the 19th Amendment.

Spanish American War

• Protect American business interests in Cuba.

• America supported Cuban rebels and their fight for independence against Spain.

• USS Maine exploding in the Havana Harbor.

• Yellow Journalism

• Cuba gained it’s independence from Spain.

• The US becomes a world power.

• The US gains the territories of • Guam• The Philippines• Puerto Rico

Reasons Results

World War I

• The US inability to remain neutral.

• German submarine warfare. Sinking of the Lusitania

• US economic and political ties to Great Britain.

• President Woodrow Wilson prepared a peace plan that called for the formation of a peace keeping organization called

The League of Nations

Reasons US Leadership at the end of WWI

1. What was the Amendment that Susan B. Anthony worked hard on that gave women the right to vote?

A. 15th

B. 18th

C. 19th

D. 20th

2. Bootleggers were busy during Prohibition. What did they do?

A. Embezzled moneyB. Smuggled liquorC. Ran charities

3. What ship was sunk in the Havana Harbor and was one of the reasons for the Spanish American War?

A. LusitaniaB. TitanicC. Maine

4. Can you name the territories the US gained after the Spanish American War?

Guam, The Philippines and Puerto Rico

5. All of the following were reasons for US involvement in WWI EXCEPT….

A. US economic & political ties to Great BritainB. The rise of FascismC. The United States inability to remain neutralD. Sinking of the Lusitania

6. What US president had the idea for the League of Nations?

A. Franklin RooseveltB. Woodrow Wilson

The Great Migration

• African Americans moved to cities in the north.

• They did this because of the discrimination and violence in the south.

• Even though they still faced discrimination and violence, they were able to get better jobs in the north.

Artists

• Jacob Lawrence painted scenes depicting African American experiences. He chronicled The Great Migration.

• Georgia O’Keeffe painted urban scenes then later was known for southwestern scenes.

Artists

• F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote about the Jazz Age of the 1920’s. He wrote a book called The Great Gatsby.

• John Steinbeck wrote about the poor migrant workers of the 1930’s in a book called The Grapes of Wrath.

• Langston Hughes wrote poetry that combined the experiences of African & American cultural roots.

Artists

• George Gershwin & Aaron Copland wrote uniquely American music.

• Duke Ellington & Louis Armstrong were Jazz composers that became famous during the Harlem Renaissance.

• Bessie Smith was a Blues singer that became famous during the Harlem Renaissance.

Harlem Renaissance

• African American artists, writers, and musicians based in Harlem revealed the freshness and variety of African American culture.

• Popularity of artists like Smith, Ellington, Armstrong, Hughes and Lawrence spread to all society.

1. Duke Ellington & Louis Armstrong

2. Bessie Smith

3. Langston Hughes

4. Jacob Lawrence

A. George Gershwin & Aaron Copland

B. Georgia Okeeffe

C. F. Scott Fitzgerald

D. John Steinbeck

The Great Depression

• The Great Depression took place in the 1930’s• The causes of the Great Depression

– People over speculated on stocks, using borrowed money that they could not repay when stock prices crashed.

– The Federal Reserve failed to prevent the collapse of the banking system.

– High tariffs strangled international trade.

The Great Depression

• Impact on Americans– A large number of banks and businesses failed.

– One fourth of workers were without jobs.

– Large numbers of people were hungry and homeless.

– Farmers’ income fell to low levels.

The New Deal

• Franklin D Roosevelt made The New Deal to help end the Great Depression.

• Major features of the New Deal.– Social Security

– Federal work programs

– Environmental improvement programs

– Farm assistance programs

– Increased rights for labor

WWII

• Causes of WWII– Political instability and economic devastation

in Europe resulting from WWI.• Worldwide depression• High war debt owed by Germany• High Inflation• Massive Unemployment

– The Rise of Fascism.

WWII

• Allies– Great Britain

• Winston Churchill

– United States• Franklin D Roosevelt

– Soviet Union• Joseph Stalin

– Canada

• Axis– Germany

• Adolf Hitler

– Japan• Hideki Tojo

– Italy• Benito Mussolini

Change in American Policy

• First– America believed in isolationism.

• Second– Economic aid to the Allies.

• Finally– America became directly involved in WWII.

1. What decade did the Great Depression happen in?A. 1920’sB. 1930’sC. 1940’s

2. All of the following were causes of the Great Depression EXCEPT…..

A. Over speculation on stocks.B. ¼ of workers were without jobs.C. The Federal Reserve failed to prevent the collapse of the banking system.D. High tariffs strangled international trade.

1. Whose idea was the New Deal?A. Woodrow WilsonB. Herbert HooverC.George BushD.Franklin Roosevelt

2. Which one of the following was a feature of the New Deal?

A. Soup KitchensB. Personal Loans to workersC. Social Security

1. A political philosophy in which total power is given to a dictator and individual freedoms are denied.

A. RacismB. CommunismC. FascismD. Capitalism

2. All of the following leaders were Fascist dictators EXCEPT….

A. Benito MussoliniB. Adolf HitlerC. Joseph StalinD. Hideki Tojo

A. Pearl Harbor

B. D-Day

C.Germany invaded Poland

D. Germany invaded France

E. Battle of Midway

F. Battle of Stalingrad

G. Battle of Britain

H. Lend Lease

I. Holocaust

J. Atom Bombs dropped on Japan

Homefront

• American involvement in WWII ended the Great Depression.

• Thousands of women took jobs in defense plants during the war. Rosie the Riveter.

• Americans at home supported the war by conserving and rationing.

• The need for workers temporarily broke down some racial barriers.

Post War

• Much of Europe was in ruins. • The US felt it was in their best interest to

help rebuild Europe to prevent another war.

• The Soviet Union occupied most of Eastern and Central Europe and the eastern part of Germany.

Rebuilding Efforts

• The US instituted the Marshall Plan.

• Germany was divided into East & West Germany.

• West Germany was under the control of France, Great Britain & The United States.

• East Germany was under the control of the Soviet Union

Japan After WWII

• Japan was occupied by American forces.

• They soon had a democratic government.

• They started self-government and became a strong ally of the United States.

Prosperity in the US after WWII

• Businesses converted from production of war materials to production of consumer goods.

• Americans purchased goods on credit.• The workforce shifted back to men.• Most women returned to family responsibilities.• Labor Unions merged and became more

powerful.– Workers got new benefits and higher salaries.

• As economic prosperity continued & technology boomed, the next generation of women re-entered the labor force.

The Cold War

• Soviet Union vs. The United States.• Soviet Union = Communist and Dictatorial• United States = Capitalist and Democratic

• The Origins of the Cold War– Differences in goals & ideologies between the USSR

and the US.– The Soviet Union’s domination over

Eastern European countries.– American Policy of Containment.– NATO– Warsaw Pact

Major Conflicts of the Cold War

• Korean War

• The Cuban Missile Crisis

• The Vietnam War

Collapse of Communism & New Challenges

• Collapse of Communism in Europe– Destruction of the Berlin War.– Breakup of the Soviet Union into independent

countries.

• Challenges after The Cold War– Role of US military– Environmental challenges– Global issues, trade, jobs, diseases

Changing Patterns in US Society After WWII & The Cold War

• Strong economy, healthy job market

• Greater investment in education

• The Baby Boom

• Interstate highway system

• Evolving role of women

• Eleanor Roosevelt’s role in women’s rights

Changing Patterns in US Society After WWII & The Cold War

• African Americans aspirations for equal rights

• Changes in make-up of immigrants after 1965 most immigrants were Hispanics and Asians

• G.I. Bill of Rights

• Truman desegregated the armed forces

• Civil Rights legislation…civil rights act & voting rights act

Civil Rights

• Brown v Board of Education– Required schools to desegregate.– Made separate but equal illegal.

• Rosa Parks– Refused to give up her seat to a white man.– This started the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

• Martin Luther King, Jr.– Practiced passive resistance– Most famous speech….I have a dream

Civil Rights• Organized protests like…

– Freedom rides.– Sit-ins.– Marches.

• Expansion of the NAACP– National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

• Civil Rights Act of 1964– Banned discrimination based on race, gender, or nat’l origin

• Voting Rights Act of 1965– Banned voting discrimination.– Outlawed poll taxes.– Outlawed literacy tests

Changing Role of Women• Workplace disadvantages

– Discrimination in hiring practices– Lower wages for women

• Improved conditions– NOW

• National Organization for Women

– Federal legislation forced colleges to give women equal athletic opportunities

– Equal Rights Amendment• The amendment failed• But, because of the focus on women’s rights it

created wider range of options and advancement for women in business and public service.

1. The Civil Rights Movement resulted in legislation that ensured constitutional rights to all citizens regardless of…..

A. ReligionB. RaceC. AgeD. Politics

2. The types of protest against segregated facilities led by Martin Luther King, Jr. was called….

A. Massive resistanceB. Organized resistanceC. Racial resistanceD. Passive resistance

1. All of the following describe how conditions for women improved during the second half of the 20th century EXCEPT…..

A. NOW was organizedB. The Equal Rights Amendment passedC. Federal legislation forced colleges to give

women equal athletic opportunitiesD. A focus on equal opportunities for women

created a wider range of options for women2. What event happened last?

A. Voting Rights Act of 1965B. I have a Dream speech C. Brown v Board of EducationD. Montgomery Bus Boycott