(1) *John1 praises him1 (Kayne 2002, p. 146; Fong and Ginsburg 2012:5a, p. 306)[C,Tpres,v*,V,praise,d,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,john]

• Merge d2 + john

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge he + d2

• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge d3 + he

• Label from Head: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge praise + d3

• Label from Head: [praise [praise ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge v* + praise

• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [praise [praise ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Crash: Nothing to Merge

(2) John1 praises himself1 (Fong and Ginsburg 2012:6a, p. 306)[C,Tpres,v*,V,praise,self,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,john]

1

• Merge d2 + john

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge he + d2

• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge self + he

• Label from Head: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Local Extent boundary: self

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge praise + self SO

• Label from Head: [praise [praise ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge v* + praise

• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [praise [praise ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

2

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Merge v* + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [john ]] [v* [v* ] [praise [praise ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]

• Merge Tpres1 + v*

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [john ]] [v* [v* ] [praise [praise ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres1 + d2

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [john ]] [v* [v* ] [praise [praise ] [self[self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]]]

• Merge C1 + Tpres1

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [john ]] [v* [v* ] [praise [praise ][self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C1

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [john ]]]

• Spell Out:C1 d2 john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d2 john v* praise self he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C1 d2 john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* praise self he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* praises himself→ Remove Silent Elements: john praises himself

(3) John1 thinks he1 is smart. (Kayne 2002, p. 146; Fong and Ginsburg 2012 4a, p. 306)[C,Tpres,vUnerg,think,C e,Tpres,v be,AdjTheta,smart,d,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,john]

3

• Merge d2 + john

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge he + d2

• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge d3 + he

• Label from Head: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge smart + d3

• Label from Head: [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge v be + smart

• Label from Head: [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Stack has preference over Stream, Merge: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

• Merge v be + d3

• EF Check via Merge: d3

• Label Stays the Same: [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d] [john ]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

4

• Merge Tpres1 + v be

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres1 + d3

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge C e1 + Tpres1

• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d[d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]

• uT checked by T

• EF Merge C e1 + Tpres1

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be[d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e1

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge think1 + C e1 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think1

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d[d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

5

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Merge vUnerg + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres[d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart[smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]

• Merge Tpres2 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres2 + d2

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]4 [d [d ] [john ]]]

• Merge C2 + Tpres2

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C2

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]5 [d [d ] [john ]]]

• Spell Out:C2 d2 john T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) d2 john vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d3 he d2 john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d3 hed2 john v be smart d3 he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C2 d2 john T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d3 he v be smart→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) that d he is v be smart→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks that he is smart

6

• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)

• uT checked by Nom

• EF Merge C e1 + d3

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e1

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Merge think2 + C e1 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think2

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d[d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Merge vUnerg + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]

• Merge Tpres3 + vUnerg

7

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [he [he] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d[d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres3 + d2

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]4 [d [d ] [john ]]]

• Merge C3 + Tpres3

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C3

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]5 [d [d ] [john ]]]

• Spell Out:C3 d2 john T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) d2 john vUnerg think2 d3 he d2 john C e1 d3 he d2 john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d3 he d2john v be smart d3 he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C3 d2 john T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think2 d3 he C e1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v be smart→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d he C e T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) is v be smart→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks he is smart

(4) John1 thinks that Mary likes him1 (Fong and Ginsburg 2012:7a, p. 306)[C,Tpres,vUnerg,think,C e,Tpres,[d,n sg 3rd,mary],v*,V,like,d,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,john]

• Merge d2 + john

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge he + d2

• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

8

• Merge d3 + he

• Label from Head: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge like + d3

• Label from Head: [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge v* + like

• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Substream

• Merge d4 + mary

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [mary ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge v* + d4

• EF Check via Merge: d4

• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [mary ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [mary ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]3 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

9

• Merge Tpres1 + v*

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres1 + d4

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ][he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [mary ]]]2 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]3 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge C e1 + Tpres1

• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d[d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]

• uT checked by T

• EF Merge C e1 + Tpres1

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v*[v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e1

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge think1 + C e1 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think1

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

10

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Merge vUnerg + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres[d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]

• Merge Tpres2 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres2 + d2

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]5 [d [d ] [john ]]]

• Merge C2 + Tpres2

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like[like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C2

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]6 [d [d ] [john ]]]

• Spell Out:C2 d2 john T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) d2 john vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 mary T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 mary v*like d3 he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C2 d2 john T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 mary v* like d3 he

11

→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) that d mary v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks that mary likes him

• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)

• uT checked by Nom

• EF Merge C e1 + d4

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e1

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Merge think2 + C e1 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think2

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Merge vUnerg + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]

• Merge Tpres3 + vUnerg

12

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d[d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres3 + d2

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ][like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]5 [d [d ] [john ]]]

• Merge C3 + Tpres3

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v*[v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C3

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]6 [d [d ] [john ]]]

• Spell Out:C3 d2 john T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) d2 john vUnerg think2 d4 mary C e1 d4 mary T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 mary v* like d3he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C3 d2 john T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think2 d4 mary C e1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d mary C e T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks mary likes him

(5) John1 thinks that Peter thinks that Mary thinks that Bill likes him1 (Fong and Ginsburg 2012:29, p. 322)[C,Tpres,vUnerg,think,C e,Tpres,[d,n sg 3rd,peter],vUnerg,think,C e,Tpres,[d,n sg 3rd,mary],vUnerg,think,C e,Tpres,[d,n sg 3rd,bill],v*,V,like,d,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,john]

• Merge d2 + john

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge he + d2

• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [john ]]

13

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge d3 + he

• Label from Head: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge like + d3

• Label from Head: [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge v* + like

• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Substream

• Merge d4 + bill

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [bill ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge v* + d4

• EF Check via Merge: d4

• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [bill ]]

14

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [bill ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]3 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge Tpres1 + v*

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres1 + d4

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [bill ]]]2 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]3 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge C e1 + Tpres1

• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]

• uT checked by T

• EF Merge C e1 + Tpres1

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v*] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e1

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [bill ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge think1 + C e1 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [bill ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think1

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]

15

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [bill ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Substream

• Merge d5 + mary

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [mary ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge vUnerg + d5

• EF Check via Merge: d5

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [mary ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [mary ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [bill ]]]5 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]6 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge Tpres2 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres2 + d5

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d[d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [mary ]]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [bill ]]]5 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]6 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

16

• Merge C e2 + Tpres2

• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like[like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• uT checked by T

• EF Merge C e2 + Tpres2

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e2

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge think2 + C e2 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v*[d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think2

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Substream

• Merge d6 + peter

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [peter ]]

17

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge vUnerg + d6

• EF Check via Merge: d6

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ][C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge Tpres3 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e[Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres3 + d6

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v*[v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge C e3 + Tpres3

• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v*[v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

18

• uT checked by T

• EF Merge C e3 + Tpres3

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v*[d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e3

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge think3 + C e3 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d[d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think3

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ][mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

19

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Merge vUnerg + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres[d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e[Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]

• Merge Tpres4 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e[Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d[d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres4 + d2

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]

• Merge C4 + Tpres4

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

20

• Local Extent boundary: C4

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [peter ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [mary ]]]7 b8 [d [d ] [bill ]]]9 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]

• Spell Out:C4 d2 john T(Pres4,3rd,Sg) d2 john vUnerg think3 T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) C e3 d6 peter T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) d6 petervUnerg think2 T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) C e2 d5 mary T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) d5 mary vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4bill T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C4 d2 john T(Pres4,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think3 T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) C e3 d6 peter vUnerg think2T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) C e2 d5 mary vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 bill v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres4,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) that d peter vUnerg thinksT(Pres2,3rd,Sg) that d mary vUnerg thinks T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) that d bill v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks that peter thinks that mary thinks that bill likes him

• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)

• uT checked by Nom

• EF Merge C e1 + d4

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v*[v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e1

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Merge think4 + C e1 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [bill ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think4

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [bill ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

21

• Substream

• Merge d7 + mary

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [mary ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge vUnerg + d7

• EF Check via Merge: d7

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [mary ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [mary ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [bill ]]]5 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]6 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge Tpres5 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]][C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres5 + d7

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [mary ]]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [bill ]]]5 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]6 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge C e5 + Tpres5

• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ][like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

22

• uT checked by T

• EF Merge C e5 + Tpres5

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e5

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge think5 + C e5 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think5

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ][bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Substream

• Merge d8 + peter

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [peter ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

23

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge vUnerg + d8

• EF Check via Merge: d8

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ][bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge Tpres6 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d[d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres6 + d8

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]][v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge C e6 + Tpres6

• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]][v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• uT checked by T

24

• EF Merge C e6 + Tpres6

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e6

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge think6 + C e6 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d[d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think6

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ][mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

25

• Merge vUnerg + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres[d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d[d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]

• Merge Tpres7 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e[Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres7 + d2

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]

• Merge C7 + Tpres7

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C7

26

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [peter ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [mary ]]]7 b8 [d [d ] [bill ]]]9 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]

• Spell Out:C7 d2 john T(Pres7,3rd,Sg) d2 john vUnerg think6 T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) C e6 d8 peter T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) d8 petervUnerg think5 T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) C e5 d7 mary T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) d7 mary vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 d4 billT(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C7 d2 john T(Pres7,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think6 T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) C e6 d8 peter vUnerg think5T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) C e5 d7 mary vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres7,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) that d peter vUnerg thinksT(Pres5,3rd,Sg) that d mary vUnerg thinks d bill C e T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks that peter thinks that mary thinks bill likes him

• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)

• uT checked by Nom

• EF Merge C e2 + d5

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e2

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Merge think7 + C e2 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg[d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think7

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

27

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Substream

• Merge d9 + peter

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [peter ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge vUnerg + d9

• EF Check via Merge: d9

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge Tpres8 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres8 + d9

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v*[v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

28

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge C e8 + Tpres8

• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• uT checked by T

• EF Merge C e8 + Tpres8

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e8

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge think8 + C e8 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d[d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think8

29

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d[d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Merge vUnerg + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres[d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]][C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]

• Merge Tpres9 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e[d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like[like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres9 + d2

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

30

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]

• Merge C9 + Tpres9

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C9

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [peter ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [mary ]]]7 b8 [d [d ] [bill ]]]9 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]

• Spell Out:C9 d2 john T(Pres9,3rd,Sg) d2 john vUnerg think8 T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) C e8 d9 peter T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) d9 petervUnerg think7 d5 mary C e2 d5 mary T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) d5 mary vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 billT(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C9 d2 john T(Pres9,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think8 T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) C e8 d9 peter vUnerg think7d5 mary C e2 T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 bill v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres9,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) that d peter vUnerg thinksd mary C e T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) that d bill v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks that peter thinks mary thinks that bill likes him

• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)

• uT checked by Nom

• EF Merge C e3 + d6

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e3

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Merge think9 + C e3 SO

31

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg[d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think9

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d[d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Merge vUnerg + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]

32

• Merge Tpres10 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like[like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres10 + d2

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]

• Merge C10 + Tpres10

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v*[d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]

• Spell Out:C10 d2 john T(Pres10,3rd,Sg) d2 john vUnerg think9 d6 peter C e3 d6 peter T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) d6 peter vUnergthink2 T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) C e2 d5 mary T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) d5 mary vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 billT(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C10 d2 john T(Pres10,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think9 d6 peter C e3 T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think2T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) C e2 d5 mary vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 bill v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres10,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d peter C e T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) vUnergthinks T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) that d mary vUnerg thinks T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) that d bill v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks peter thinks that mary thinks that bill likes him

• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)

• uT checked by Nom

33

• EF Merge C e5 + d7

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e5

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Merge think10 + C e5 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg[d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think10

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres[d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Substream

• Merge d10 + peter

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [peter ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge vUnerg + d10

• EF Check via Merge: d10

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ][bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

34

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge Tpres11 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres11 + d10

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]][v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge C e11 + Tpres11

• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• uT checked by T

• EF Merge C e11 + Tpres11

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b

35

6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge think11 + C e11

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think11

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d[d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Merge vUnerg + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres[d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]][C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b

36

6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]

• Merge Tpres12 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e[d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ][like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres12 + d2

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]

• Merge C12 + Tpres12

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]

• Spell Out:C12 d2 john T(Pres12,3rd,Sg) d2 john vUnerg think11 T(Pres11,3rd,Sg) C e11 d10 peter T(Pres11,3rd,Sg)d10 peter vUnerg think10 d7 mary C e5 d7 mary T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) d7 mary vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 d4 billT(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C12 d2 john T(Pres12,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think11 T(Pres11,3rd,Sg) C e11 d10 peter vUnergthink10 d7 mary C e5 T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres12,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres11,3rd,Sg) C e d peter vUnergthinks d mary C e T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d bill C e T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks peter thinks mary thinks bill likes him

• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)

37

• uT checked by Nom

• EF Merge C e6 + d8

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e6

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Merge think12 + C e6 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg[d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think12

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d[d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Merge vUnerg + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

38

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]

• Merge Tpres13 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ][like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres13 + d2

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]

• Merge C13 + Tpres13

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]

39

• Spell Out:C13 d2 john T(Pres13,3rd,Sg) d2 john vUnerg think12 d8 peter C e6 d8 peter T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) d8 peter vUnergthink5 T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) C e5 d7 mary T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) d7 mary vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 d4 bill T(Pres1,3rd,Sg)d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C13 d2 john T(Pres13,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think12 d8 peter C e6 T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think5T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) C e5 d7 mary vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres13,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d peter C e T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) vUnergthinks T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) that d mary vUnerg thinks d bill C e T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks peter thinks that mary thinks bill likes him

• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)

• uT checked by Nom

• EF Merge C e8 + d9

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e8

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Merge think13 + C e8 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg[d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think13

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ][C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

40

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Merge vUnerg + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ][mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d[d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]

• Merge Tpres14 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like[like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres14 + d2

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]

• Merge C14 + Tpres14

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

41

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]

• Spell Out:C14 d2 john T(Pres14,3rd,Sg) d2 john vUnerg think13 d9 peter C e8 d9 peter T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) d9 peter vUnergthink7 d5 mary C e2 d5 mary T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) d5 mary vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 bill T(Pres1,3rd,Sg)d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C14 d2 john T(Pres14,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think13 d9 peter C e8 T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think7d5 mary C e2 T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 bill v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres14,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d peter C e T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) vUnergthinks d mary C e T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) that d bill v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks peter thinks mary thinks that bill likes him

• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)

• uT checked by Nom

• EF Merge C e11 + d10

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Merge think14 + C e11

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg[d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ][bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think14

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ][bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

42

3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Merge vUnerg + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ][mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]

• Merge Tpres15 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ][like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres15 + d2

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]

43

• Merge C15 + Tpres15

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]

• Spell Out:C15 d2 john T(Pres15,3rd,Sg) d2 john vUnerg think14 d10 peter C e11 d10 peter T(Pres11,3rd,Sg) d10 petervUnerg think10 d7 mary C e5 d7 mary T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) d7 mary vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 d4 bill T(Pres1,3rd,Sg)d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C15 d2 john T(Pres15,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think14 d10 peter C e11 T(Pres11,3rd,Sg) vUnergthink10 d7 mary C e5 T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres15,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d peter C e T(Pres11,3rd,Sg) vUnergthinks d mary C e T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d bill C e T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks peter thinks mary thinks bill likes him

(6) ?John thinks that Peter1 thinks that Mary thinks that Bill likes him1 (Fong and Ginsburg 2012:32, p. 324)[C,Tpres,[d,n sg 3rd,john],vUnerg,think,C e,Tpres,vUnerg,think,C e,Tpres,[d,n sg 3rd,mary],vUnerg,think,C e,Tpres,[d,n sg 3rd,bill],v*,V,like,d,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,peter]

• Merge d2 + peter

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [peter ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge he + d2

• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [peter ]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge d3 + he

• Label from Head: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [peter ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]])

44

• Merge like + d3

• Label from Head: [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge v* + like

• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Substream

• Merge d4 + bill

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [bill ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge v* + d4

• EF Check via Merge: d4

• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [bill ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [bill ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]3 inactive([d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge Tpres1 + v*

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres1 + d4

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

45

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [bill ]]]2 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]3 inactive([d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge C e1 + Tpres1

• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]

• uT checked by T

• EF Merge C e1 + Tpres1

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v*] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e1

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [bill ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge think1 + C e1 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [bill ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think1

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [bill ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Substream

• Merge d5 + mary

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [mary ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

46

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge vUnerg + d5

• EF Check via Merge: d5

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [mary ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [mary ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [bill ]]]5 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]6 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge Tpres2 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres2 + d5

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d[d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [mary ]]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [bill ]]]5 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]6 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge C e2 + Tpres2

• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like[like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• uT checked by T

• EF Merge C e2 + Tpres2

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

47

• Local Extent boundary: C e2

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge think2 + C e2 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v*[d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think2

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]

• Merge vUnerg + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ][C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

48

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase]]

• Merge Tpres3 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e[Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres3 + d2

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v*[v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge C e3 + Tpres3

• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v*[v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• uT checked by T

• EF Merge C e3 + Tpres3

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v*[d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e3

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge think3 + C e3 SO

49

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d[d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge vUnerg + think3

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ][mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Substream

• Merge d6 + john

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge vUnerg + d6

• EF Check via Merge: d6

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres[d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e[Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

50

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge Tpres4 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e[Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d[d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres4 + d6

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge C4 + Tpres4

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C4

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [peter ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [mary ]]]7 b8 [d [d ] [bill ]]]9 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

51

• Spell Out:C4 d6 john T(Pres4,3rd,Sg) d6 john vUnerg think3 T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) C e3 d2 peter T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) d2 petervUnerg think2 T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) C e2 d5 mary T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) d5 mary vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4bill T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 peter→ Remove Copies: C4 d6 john T(Pres4,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think3 T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) C e3 d2 peter vUnerg think2T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) C e2 d5 mary vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 bill v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres4,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) that d peter vUnerg thinksT(Pres2,3rd,Sg) that d mary vUnerg thinks T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) that d bill v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks that peter thinks that mary thinks that bill likes him

• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)

• uT checked by Nom

• EF Merge C e1 + d4

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v*[v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e1

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]

• Merge think4 + C e1 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [bill ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think4

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [bill ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Substream

• Merge d7 + mary

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [mary ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

52

• Merge vUnerg + d7

• EF Check via Merge: d7

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [mary ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [mary ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [bill ]]]5 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]6 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge Tpres5 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]][C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres5 + d7

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [mary ]]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [bill ]]]5 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]6 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge C e5 + Tpres5

• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ][like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• uT checked by T

• EF Merge C e5 + Tpres5

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e5

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]

53

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge think5 + C e5 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think5

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ][bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]

• Merge vUnerg + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ][bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase]]

• Merge Tpres6 + vUnerg

54

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d[d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres6 + d2

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]][v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge C e6 + Tpres6

• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]][v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• uT checked by T

• EF Merge C e6 + Tpres6

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e6

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge think6 + C e6 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d[d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b

55

4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge vUnerg + think6

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Substream

• Merge d8 + john

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge vUnerg + d8

• EF Check via Merge: d8

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres[d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d[d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

56

• Merge Tpres7 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e[Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres7 + d8

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge C7 + Tpres7

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C7

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [peter ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [mary ]]]7 b8 [d [d ] [bill ]]]9 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Spell Out:C7 d8 john T(Pres7,3rd,Sg) d8 john vUnerg think6 T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) C e6 d2 peter T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) d2 petervUnerg think5 T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) C e5 d7 mary T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) d7 mary vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 d4 billT(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 peter→ Remove Copies: C7 d8 john T(Pres7,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think6 T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) C e6 d2 peter vUnerg think5T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) C e5 d7 mary vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres7,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) that d peter vUnerg thinksT(Pres5,3rd,Sg) that d mary vUnerg thinks d bill C e T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks that peter thinks that mary thinks bill likes him

57

• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)

• uT checked by Nom

• EF Merge C e2 + d5

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e2

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]

• Merge think7 + C e2 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg[d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think7

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]

• Merge vUnerg + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

58

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase]]

• Merge Tpres8 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres8 + d2

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v*[v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge C e8 + Tpres8

• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• uT checked by T

• EF Merge C e8 + Tpres8

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e8

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge think8 + C e8 SO

59

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d[d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge vUnerg + think8

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d[d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Substream

• Merge d9 + john

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge vUnerg + d9

• EF Check via Merge: d9

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres[d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]][C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

60

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge Tpres9 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e[d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like[like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres9 + d9

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge C9 + Tpres9

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C9

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [peter ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [mary ]]]7 b8 [d [d ] [bill ]]]9 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

61

• Spell Out:C9 d9 john T(Pres9,3rd,Sg) d9 john vUnerg think8 T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) C e8 d2 peter T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) d2 petervUnerg think7 d5 mary C e2 d5 mary T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) d5 mary vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 billT(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 peter→ Remove Copies: C9 d9 john T(Pres9,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think8 T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) C e8 d2 peter vUnerg think7d5 mary C e2 T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 bill v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres9,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) that d peter vUnerg thinksd mary C e T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) that d bill v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks that peter thinks mary thinks that bill likes him

• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)

• uT checked by Nom

• EF Merge C e3 + d2

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e3

• Merge think9 + C e3 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg[d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge vUnerg + think9

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d[d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Substream

• Merge d10 + john

62

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge vUnerg + d10

• EF Check via Merge: d10

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge Tpres10 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like[like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres10 + d10

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

63

• Merge C10 + Tpres10

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v*[d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Spell Out:C10 d10 john T(Pres10,3rd,Sg) d10 john vUnerg think9 d2 peter C e3 d2 peter T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) d2 peter vUnergthink2 T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) C e2 d5 mary T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) d5 mary vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 billT(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 peter→ Remove Copies: C10 d10 john T(Pres10,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think9 d2 peter C e3 T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think2T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) C e2 d5 mary vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 bill v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres10,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d peter C e T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) vUnergthinks T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) that d mary vUnerg thinks T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) that d bill v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks peter thinks that mary thinks that bill likes him

• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)

• uT checked by Nom

• EF Merge C e5 + d7

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e5

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]

• Merge think10 + C e5 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg[d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think10

64

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]

• Merge vUnerg + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ][bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase]]

• Merge Tpres11 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres11 + d2

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]][v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

65

• Merge C e11 + Tpres11

• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• uT checked by T

• EF Merge C e11 + Tpres11

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge think11 + C e11

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge vUnerg + think11

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d[d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Substream

• Merge d11 + john

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]

66

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge vUnerg + d11

• EF Check via Merge: d11

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres[d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]][C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ]] [john ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge Tpres12 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e[d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ][like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres12 + d11

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge C12 + Tpres12

67

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Spell Out:C12 d11 john T(Pres12,3rd,Sg) d11 john vUnerg think11 T(Pres11,3rd,Sg) C e11 d2 peter T(Pres11,3rd,Sg)d2 peter vUnerg think10 d7 mary C e5 d7 mary T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) d7 mary vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 d4 billT(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 peter→ Remove Copies: C12 d11 john T(Pres12,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think11 T(Pres11,3rd,Sg) C e11 d2 peter vUnergthink10 d7 mary C e5 T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres12,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres11,3rd,Sg) C e d peter vUnergthinks d mary C e T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d bill C e T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks peter thinks mary thinks bill likes him

• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)

• uT checked by Nom

• EF Merge C e6 + d2

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e6

• Merge think12 + C e6 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg[d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge vUnerg + think12

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d[d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e

68

[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Substream

• Merge d12 + john

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge vUnerg + d12

• EF Check via Merge: d12

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ]] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge Tpres13 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ][like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres13 + d12

69

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge C13 + Tpres13

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Spell Out:C13 d12 john T(Pres13,3rd,Sg) d12 john vUnerg think12 d2 peter C e6 d2 peter T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) d2 petervUnerg think5 T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) C e5 d7 mary T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) d7 mary vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 d4 billT(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 peter→ Remove Copies: C13 d12 john T(Pres13,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think12 d2 peter C e6 T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) vUnergthink5 T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) C e5 d7 mary vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres13,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d peter C e T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) vUnergthinks T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) that d mary vUnerg thinks d bill C e T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks peter thinks that mary thinks bill likes him

• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)

• uT checked by Nom

• EF Merge C e8 + d2

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e8

70

• Merge think13 + C e8 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg[d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge vUnerg + think13

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ][C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Substream

• Merge d13 + john

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge vUnerg + d13

• EF Check via Merge: d13

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ][mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d[d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

71

• Stack:1 [d [d ]] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge Tpres14 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like[like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres14 + d13

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge C14 + Tpres14

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Spell Out:C14 d13 john T(Pres14,3rd,Sg) d13 john vUnerg think13 d2 peter C e8 d2 peter T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) d2 peter

72

vUnerg think7 d5 mary C e2 d5 mary T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) d5 mary vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 billT(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 peter→ Remove Copies: C14 d13 john T(Pres14,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think13 d2 peter C e8 T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) vUnergthink7 d5 mary C e2 T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 bill v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres14,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d peter C e T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) vUnergthinks d mary C e T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) that d bill v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks peter thinks mary thinks that bill likes him

• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)

• uT checked by Nom

• EF Merge C e11 + d2

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Merge think14 + C e11

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg[d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ][bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge vUnerg + think14

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ][bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Substream

• Merge d14 + john

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

73

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge vUnerg + d14

• EF Check via Merge: d14

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ][mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ]] [john ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge Tpres15 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ][like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres15 + d14

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Merge C15 + Tpres15

74

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]

• Spell Out:C15 d14 john T(Pres15,3rd,Sg) d14 john vUnerg think14 d2 peter C e11 d2 peter T(Pres11,3rd,Sg) d2 petervUnerg think10 d7 mary C e5 d7 mary T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) d7 mary vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 d4 bill T(Pres1,3rd,Sg)d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 peter→ Remove Copies: C15 d14 john T(Pres15,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think14 d2 peter C e11 T(Pres11,3rd,Sg) vUnergthink10 d7 mary C e5 T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres15,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d peter C e T(Pres11,3rd,Sg) vUnergthinks d mary C e T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d bill C e T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks peter thinks mary thinks bill likes him

(7) *John1 thinks that Mary likes himself1 (Fong and Ginsburg 2012 8a, p. 307)[C,Tpres,vUnerg,think,C e,Tpres,[d,n sg 3rd,mary],v*,V,like,self,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,john]

• Merge d2 + john

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge he + d2

• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge self + he

• Label from Head: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Local Extent boundary: self

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

75

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge like + self SO

• Label from Head: [like [like ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge v* + like

• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Substream

• Merge d3 + mary

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [mary ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge v* + d3

• EF Check via Merge: d3

• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [mary ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [mary ]][uCase]]2 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]4 b5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

76

• Merge Tpres1 + v*

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres1 + d3

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [self [self] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [mary ]]]2 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]4 b5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge C e1 + Tpres1

• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ][self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]

• uT checked by T

• EF Merge C e1 + Tpres1

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v*[v* ] [like [like ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e1

• Recursive LR from [self...] blocked: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Recursive LR from [self...] blocked: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [mary ]]]3 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]5 b6 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge think1 + C e1 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [mary ]]]3 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]5 b6 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think1

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]

77

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [mary ]]]3 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]5 b6 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Crash: Nothing to Merge

(8) *John1 considers him1 to be intelligent (Kayne 2002, p. 146; Fong and Ginsburg 2012 9a, p. 307)[C,Tpres,v*,V,consider,toT,v be,AdjTheta,intelligent,d,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,john]

• Merge d2 + john

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge he + d2

• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge d3 + he

• Label from Head: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge intelligent + d3

• Label from Head: [intelligent [intelligent ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge v be + intelligent

• Label from Head: [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]

78

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Stack has preference over Stream, Merge: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

• Merge v be + d3

• EF Check via Merge: d3

• Label Stays the Same: [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge toT + v be

• Label from Head: [toT [toT ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [d [d] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]

• EF Merge toT + d3

• Label Stays the Same: [toT [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [toT [toT ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge consider + toT

• Label from Head: [consider [consider ] [toT [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [toT [toT ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge v* + consider

• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [consider [consider ] [toT [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [toT [toT ] [v be [d [d ][he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Crash: Nothing to Merge

(9) John1 considers himself1 to be intelligent (Fong and Ginsburg 2012 38, p. 327)[C,Tpres,v*,V,consider,toT,v be,AdjTheta,intelligent,self,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,john]

• Merge d2 + john

79

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge he + d2

• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge self + he

• Label from Head: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Local Extent boundary: self

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge intelligent + self SO

• Label from Head: [intelligent [intelligent ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge v be + intelligent

• Label from Head: [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Stack has preference over Stream, Merge: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

• Merge v be + self SO

80

• EF Check via Merge: self SO

• Label Stays the Same: [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [self[self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge toT + v be

• Label from Head: [toT [toT ] [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ][self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge toT + self SO

• Label Stays the Same: [toT [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [toT [toT ] [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ][john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge consider + toT

• Label from Head: [consider [consider ] [toT [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [toT [toT ] [v be [self [self ][he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge v* + consider

• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [consider [consider ] [toT [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [toT [toT ] [v be[self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Merge v* + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

81

• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [john ]] [v* [v* ] [consider [consider ] [toT [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]] [toT [toT ] [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [self [self ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]

• Merge Tpres1 + v*

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [john ]] [v* [v* ] [consider [consider ] [toT [self [self ] [he [he ] [d[d ] [john ]]]] [toT [toT ] [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [self[self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres1 + d2

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [john ]] [v* [v* ] [consider [consider ][toT [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [toT [toT ] [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ][intelligent [intelligent ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]]]

• Merge C1 + Tpres1

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [john ]] [v* [v* ] [consider [consider] [toT [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [toT [toT ] [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ][intelligent [intelligent ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C1

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [john ]]]

• Spell Out:C1 d2 john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d2 john v* consider self he d2 john toT self he d2 john v be intelligent self he d2john→ Remove Copies: C1 d2 john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* consider self he toT v be intelligent→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* considers himself to be v be intelligent→ Remove Silent Elements: john considers himself to be intelligent

(10) *John1 thinks heself1 is smart (Fong and Ginsburg 2012 40, p. 307)[C,Tpres,vUnerg,think,C e,Tpres,v be,AdjTheta,smart,self,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,john]

• Merge d2 + john

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]

82

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge he + d2

• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge self + he

• Label from Head: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Local Extent boundary: self

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge smart + self SO

• Label from Head: [smart [smart ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge v be + smart

• Label from Head: [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Stack has preference over Stream, Merge: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

• Merge v be + self SO

• EF Check via Merge: self SO

83

• Label Stays the Same: [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [self [self ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge Tpres1 + v be

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [self[self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres1 + self SO

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d[d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge C e1 + Tpres1

• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [self [self ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]

• uT checked by T

• EF Merge C e1 + Tpres1

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres] [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e1

• Recursive LR from [self...] blocked: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Recursive LR from [self...] blocked: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 b2 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]4 b5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge think1 + C e1 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ][john ]]]]]]]]]]]]

84

• Stack:1 b2 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]4 b5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge vUnerg + think1

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [self [self ][he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 b2 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]4 b5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Crash: Nothing to Merge

(11) John1 likes his1 dog (Fong and Ginsburg 2012 42a, p. 329)[C,Tpres,v*,V,like,[d,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,john],Poss,n sg 3rd,dog]

• Merge Poss + dog

• Label from Head with uF: [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Substream

• Merge d3 + john

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge he + d3

• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge d4 + he

• Label from Head: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

85

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Mainstream

• Push SOs from Substream to Mainstream

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge Poss + d4

• EF Check via Merge: d4

• Label Stays the Same: [Poss [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]

• Poss assigns inherent case Case:Gen to d4

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Local Extent boundary: Poss

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge like + Poss SO

• Label from Head: [like [like ] [Poss [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [Poss [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]

• Stack:1 [Poss [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge v* + like

• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [Poss [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [Poss [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

86

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Merge v* + d3

• EF Check via Merge: d3

• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [john ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [Poss [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss[Poss ] [dog ]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• (i-within-i): Delete [d [d ] [john ]] from stack because contained within [d [d ] [john ]] and [d [d ] [john ]] isfrom substream

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 [Poss [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]][uCase]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]

• Merge Tpres1 + v*

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [john ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [Poss [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres1 + d3

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [john ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [Poss [d [d] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 [Poss [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]]]

• Merge C1 + Tpres1

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [john ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [Poss[d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C1

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 [Poss [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [john ]]]

• Spell Out:C1 d3 john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d3 john v* like d4 he d3 john Poss dog→ Remove Copies: C1 d3 john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* like d4 he Poss dog→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* likes d his dog→ Remove Silent Elements: john likes his dog

87

(12) *John1 likes himself’s1 dog (Fong and Ginsburg 2012 42b, p. 329)[C,Tpres,v*,V,like,[self,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,john],Poss,n sg 3rd,dog]

• Merge Poss + dog

• Label from Head with uF: [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Substream

• Merge d3 + john

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge he + d3

• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge self + he

• Label from Head: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Local Extent boundary: self

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Mainstream

• Push SOs from Substream to Mainstream

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge Poss + self SO

88

• EF Check via Merge: self SO

• Label Stays the Same: [Poss [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]

• Poss assigns inherent case Case:Gen to self SO

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Local Extent boundary: Poss

• Recursive LR from [self...] blocked: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge like + Poss SO

• Label from Head: [like [like ] [Poss [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [Poss [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]

• Stack:1 [Poss [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge v* + like

• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [Poss [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [Poss [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Crash: Nothing to Merge

(13) *Hannah1 found a picture of her1. (Fong and Ginsburg 2012:45a, p. 331)[C,Tpast,v*,V,find,a,n sg 3rd,picture,P,of,d,n sg 3rd ProN,her,d,n sg 3rd,Hannah]

• Merge d2 + Hannah

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge her + d2

• Label from Head: [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

89

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge d3 + her

• Label from Head: [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge of + d3

• Label from Head: [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]

• of assigns inherent case Case:Obl to d3

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge picture + of

• Label from Head: [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge a + picture

• Label from Head: [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge find + a

• Label from Head: [find [find ] [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge v* + find

• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [find [find ] [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

90

• Stack:1 [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Crash: Nothing to Merge

(14) Hannah1 found a picture of herself1. (Fong and Ginsburg 2012:45b, p. 331)[C,Tpast,v*,V,find,a,n sg 3rd,picture,P,of,self,n sg 3rd ProN,her,d,n sg 3rd,Hannah]

• Merge d2 + Hannah

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge her + d2

• Label from Head: [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge self + her

• Label from Head: [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

• Local Extent boundary: self

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge of + self SO

• Label from Head: [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]

• of assigns inherent case Case:Obl to self SO

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge picture + of

91

• Label from Head: [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge a + picture

• Label from Head: [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge find + a

• Label from Head: [find [find ] [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge v* + find

• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [find [find ] [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

• Merge v* + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [v* [v* ] [find [find ] [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ][her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

92

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase]]2 [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]][uCase]]3 b4 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase]]

• Merge Tpast1 + v*

• Label from Head: [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [v* [v* ] [find [find ] [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ][self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpast1 + d2

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpast [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [v* [v* ] [find [find ] [a[a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]2 [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]

• Merge C1 + Tpast1

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpast [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [v* [v* ] [find [find ][a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C1

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]3 [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]

• Spell Out:C1 d2 Hannah T(Past1,3rd,Sg) d2 Hannah v* find a picture of self her d2 Hannah→ Remove Copies: C1 d2 Hannah T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* find a picture of self her→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d Hannah T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* found a picture of herself→ Remove Silent Elements: Hannah found a picture of herself

(15) ?*Hannah found Peter1’s picture of him1. (Fong and Ginsburg 2012:45c, p. 331)[C,Tpast,[d,n sg 3rd,Hannah],v*,V,find,Poss,n sg 3rd,picture,P,of,d,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,Peter]

• Merge d2 + Peter

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [Peter ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge he + d2

• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]

93

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [Peter ]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge d3 + he

• Label from Head: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [Peter ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge of + d3

• Label from Head: [of [of ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]

• of assigns inherent case Case:Obl to d3

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge picture + of

• Label from Head: [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge Poss + picture

• Label from Head: [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [Peter ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Crash: Nothing to Merge

(16) Hannah found Peter1’s picture of himself1. (Fong and Ginsburg 2012:45d, p. 331)[C,Tpast,[d,n sg 3rd,Hannah],v*,V,find,Poss,n sg 3rd,picture,P,of,self,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,Peter]

• Merge d2 + Peter

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [Peter ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

94

• Stack:[]

• Merge he + d2

• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [Peter ]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge self + he

• Label from Head: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [Peter ]]

• Local Extent boundary: self

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [Peter ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge of + self SO

• Label from Head: [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]

• of assigns inherent case Case:Obl to self SO

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge picture + of

• Label from Head: [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge Poss + picture

• Label from Head: [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

95

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [Peter ]]

• Merge Poss + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

• Label Stays the Same: [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d] [Peter ]]]]]]]]

• Poss assigns inherent case Case:Gen to d2

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Local Extent boundary: Poss

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [Peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [Peter ]]]

• Merge find + Poss SO

• Label from Head: [find [find ] [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [Peter ]]]

• Merge v* + find

• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [find [find ] [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [Peter ]]]

• Substream

• Merge d4 + Hannah

96

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge v* + d4

• EF Check via Merge: d4

• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [v* [v* ] [find [find ] [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture[picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase]]2 [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [Peter ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [Peter ]]]

• Merge Tpast1 + v*

• Label from Head: [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [v* [v* ] [find [find ] [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpast1 + d4

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpast [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [v* [v* ] [find [find ][Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]2 [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [Peter ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [Peter ]]]

• Merge C1 + Tpast1

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpast [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [v* [v* ] [find [find ][Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C1

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]3 [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]]]4 b

97

5 [d [d ] [Peter ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [Peter ]]]

• Spell Out:C1 d4 Hannah T(Past1,3rd,Sg) d4 Hannah v* find d2 Peter Poss picture of self he d2 Peter→ Remove Copies: C1 d4 Hannah T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* find d2 Peter Poss picture of self he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d Hannah T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* found d Peter ’s picture of himself→ Remove Silent Elements: Hannah found Peter ’s picture of himself

(17) Hannah1 found Peter’s picture of her1. (Fong and Ginsburg 2012:45e, p. 331)[C,Tpast,v*,V,find,[d,n sg 3rd,Peter],Poss,n sg 3rd,picture,P,of,d,n sg 3rd ProN,her,d,n sg 3rd,Hannah]

• Merge d2 + Hannah

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge her + d2

• Label from Head: [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge d3 + her

• Label from Head: [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge of + d3

• Label from Head: [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]

• of assigns inherent case Case:Obl to d3

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge picture + of

• Label from Head: [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])

98

• Merge Poss + picture

• Label from Head: [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Substream

• Merge d5 + Peter

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [Peter ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge Poss + d5

• EF Check via Merge: d5

• Label Stays the Same: [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ][Hannah ]]]]]]]]

• Poss assigns inherent case Case:Gen to d5

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

• Local Extent boundary: Poss

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge find + Poss SO

• Label from Head: [find [find ] [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ][d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]

99

• Merge v* + find

• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [find [find ] [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ][her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

• Merge v* + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [v* [v* ] [find [find ] [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture[picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase]]2 [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]][uCase]]3 b4 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase]]

• Merge Tpast1 + v*

• Label from Head: [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [v* [v* ] [find [find ] [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpast1 + d2

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpast [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [v* [v* ] [find [find ][Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]2 [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]

• Merge C1 + Tpast1

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpast [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [v* [v* ] [find [find ][Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C1

100

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]3 [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]

• Spell Out:C1 d2 Hannah T(Past1,3rd,Sg) d2 Hannah v* find d5 Peter Poss picture of d3 her d2 Hannah→ Remove Copies: C1 d2 Hannah T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* find d5 Peter Poss picture of d3 her→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d Hannah T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* found d Peter ’s picture of d her→ Remove Silent Elements: Hannah found Peter ’s picture of her

(18) Hannah1 found Peter’s picture of herself1. (Fong and Ginsburg 2012:45f, p. 331)[C,Tpast,v*,V,find,[d,n sg 3rd,Peter],Poss,n sg 3rd,picture,P,of,self,n sg 3rd ProN,her,d,n sg 3rd,Hannah]

• Merge d2 + Hannah

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge her + d2

• Label from Head: [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge self + her

• Label from Head: [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

• Local Extent boundary: self

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge of + self SO

• Label from Head: [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]

• of assigns inherent case Case:Obl to self SO

• Theta role assigned via Merge

101

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge picture + of

• Label from Head: [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge Poss + picture

• Label from Head: [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Substream

• Merge d4 + Peter

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [Peter ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge Poss + d4

• EF Check via Merge: d4

• Label Stays the Same: [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d[d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]

• Poss assigns inherent case Case:Gen to d4

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Local Extent boundary: Poss

• Recursive LR from [self...] blocked: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

• Recursive LR from [self...] blocked: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]

102

• Merge find + Poss SO

• Label from Head: [find [find ] [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her[her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ][Hannah ]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah]]]]]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]4 b5 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge v* + find

• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [find [find ] [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah]]]]]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]4 b5 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Crash: Nothing to Merge

(19) John1 thinks he1 likes Mary. (Kayne 2002, p. 146; Fong and Ginsburg 2012 4a, p. 306)[C,Tpres,vUnerg,think,C e,Tpres,[d,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,john],v*,V,like,d,n sg 3rd,Mary]

• Merge d2 + Mary

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [Mary ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge like + d2

• Label from Head: [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [Mary ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Mary ]][uCase]]

103

• Merge v* + like

• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]

• Substream

• Merge d3 + john

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge he + d3

• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge d4 + he

• Label from Head: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Mainstream

• Push SOs from Substream to Mainstream

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])2 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]

• Merge v* + d4

• EF Check via Merge: d4

• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• i-within-i filter does not apply because [d [d ] [john ]] is inactive

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]

104

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])3 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]

• Merge Tpres1 + v*

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres1 + d4

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])3 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]

• Merge C e1 + Tpres1

• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]

• uT checked by T

• EF Merge C e1 + Tpres1

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e1

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]

• Merge think1 + C e1 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]

• Merge vUnerg + think1

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]]]

105

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Merge vUnerg + d3

• EF Check via Merge: d3

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres[d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• (i-within-i): Delete [d [d ] [john ]] from stack because contained within [d [d ] [john ]] and [d [d ] [john ]] isfrom substream

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]5 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]

• Merge Tpres2 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ][like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres2 + d3

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d[d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]4 [d [d ] [john ]]]5 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]

• Merge C2 + Tpres2

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C2

106

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]5 [d [d ] [john ]]]6 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]

• Spell Out:C2 d3 john T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) d3 john vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 he d3 john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 hed3 john v* like d2 Mary→ Remove Copies: C2 d3 john T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 he v* like d2 Mary→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) that d he v* likes d Mary→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks that he likes Mary

• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)

• uT checked by Nom

• EF Merge C e1 + d4

• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C e1

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Merge think2 + C e1 SO

• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]

• Merge vUnerg + think2

• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d[d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ][Mary ]]]]]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Merge vUnerg + d3

• EF Check via Merge: d3

107

• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• (i-within-i): Delete [d [d ] [john ]] from stack because contained within [d [d ] [john ]] and [d [d ] [john ]] isfrom substream

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]5 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]

• Merge Tpres3 + vUnerg

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [he [he] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres3 + d3

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]4 [d [d ] [john ]]]5 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]

• Merge C3 + Tpres3

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C3

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]5 [d [d ] [john ]]]6 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]

• Spell Out:C3 d3 john T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) d3 john vUnerg think2 d4 he d3 john C e1 d4 he d3 john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 he d3john v* like d2 Mary→ Remove Copies: C3 d3 john T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think2 d4 he C e1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* like d2 Mary→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d he C e T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* likes d Mary→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks he likes Mary

108

(20) I showed John1 himself1 in the mirror. (Pesetsky 1995, p. 125; Fong and Ginsburg 2012b:2a, p. 62)[C,Tpast,[d,n sg 3rd,I],v*,[P,in,the,n sg 3rd,mirror],V,show,P FullArg,G,self,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,John]

• Merge d2 + John

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge he + d2

• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [John ]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge self + he

• Label from Head: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Local Extent boundary: self

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge G + self SO

• Label from Head: [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]

• G assigns inherent case Case:Obl to self SO

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Merge G + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

• Label Stays the Same: [G [d [d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]

109

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]

• Merge show + G

• Label from Head: [show [show ] [G [d [d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]

• Substream

• Merge the + mirror

• Label from Head with uF: [the [the ] [mirror ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge in + the

• Label from Head: [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]

• in assigns inherent case Case:Obl to the

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge show + in

• Label Stays the Same: [show [show [show ] [G [d [d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]][in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]

• Merge v* + show

• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [G [d [d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]]]

110

• Substream

• Merge d4 + I

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [I ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge v* + d4

• EF Check via Merge: d4

• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [G [d [d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [I ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [I ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [John ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [John ]]]

• Merge Tpast1 + v*

• Label from Head: [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [G [d [d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self[self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpast1 + d4

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpast [d [d ] [I ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [G [d [d] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [I ]]]2 [d [d ] [John ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [John ]]]

• Merge C1 + Tpast1

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpast [d [d ] [I ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [G [d[d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C1

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [I ]]]3 [d [d ] [John ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [John ]]]

111

• Spell Out:C1 d4 I T(Past1,3rd,Sg) d4 I v* show d2 John G self he d2 John in the mirror→ Remove Copies: C1 d4 I T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* show d2 John G self he in the mirror→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d I T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* showed d John G himself in the mirror→ Remove Silent Elements: I showed John himself in the mirror

(21) I showed John1 to himself1 in the mirror. (Pesetsky 1995, p. 126; Fong and Ginsburg 2012b:2b, p. 62)[C,Tpast,[d,n sg 3rd,I],v*,[P,in,the,n sg 3rd,mirror],V,show,P FullArg,to,self,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,John]

• Merge d2 + John

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge he + d2

• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [John ]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge self + he

• Label from Head: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Local Extent boundary: self

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge to + self SO

• Label from Head: [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]

• to assigns inherent case Case:Obl to self SO

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

112

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Merge to + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

• Label Stays the Same: [to [d [d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]

• Merge show + to

• Label from Head: [show [show ] [to [d [d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]

• Substream

• Merge the + mirror

• Label from Head with uF: [the [the ] [mirror ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge in + the

• Label from Head: [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]

• in assigns inherent case Case:Obl to the

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge show + in

• Label Stays the Same: [show [show [show ] [to [d [d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]][in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]

• Merge v* + show

• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [to [d [d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]

113

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]]]

• Substream

• Merge d4 + I

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [I ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge v* + d4

• EF Check via Merge: d4

• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [to [d [d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [I ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [I ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [John ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [John ]]]

• Merge Tpast1 + v*

• Label from Head: [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [to [d [d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self[self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpast1 + d4

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpast [d [d ] [I ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [to [d [d] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [I ]]]2 [d [d ] [John ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [John ]]]

• Merge C1 + Tpast1

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpast [d [d ] [I ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [to [d[d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C1

114

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [I ]]]3 [d [d ] [John ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [John ]]]

• Spell Out:C1 d4 I T(Past1,3rd,Sg) d4 I v* show d2 John to self he d2 John in the mirror→ Remove Copies: C1 d4 I T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* show d2 John to self he in the mirror→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d I T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* showed d John to himself in the mirror→ Remove Silent Elements: I showed John to himself in the mirror

(22) *I showed himself1 John1 in the mirror. (Pesetsky 1995, p. 125; Fong and Ginsburg 2012b:3b, p. 62 )[C,Tpast,[d,n sg 3rd,I],v*,[P,in,the,n sg 3rd,mirror],V,show,P FullArg,G,self,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,John]

• Merge d2 + John

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge he + d2

• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [John ]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge self + he

• Label from Head: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Local Extent boundary: self

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge G + self SO

• Label from Head: [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]

• G assigns inherent case Case:Obl to self SO

• Theta role assigned via Merge

115

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Merge G + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

• Label Stays the Same: [G [d [d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]

• Merge show + G

• Label from Head: [show [show ] [G [d [d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]

• Substream

• Merge the + mirror

• Label from Head with uF: [the [the ] [mirror ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge in + the

• Label from Head: [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]

• in assigns inherent case Case:Obl to the

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge show + in

• Label Stays the Same: [show [show [show ] [G [d [d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]][in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]

116

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]

• Merge v* + show

• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [G [d [d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]]]

• Substream

• Merge d4 + I

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [I ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge v* + d4

• EF Check via Merge: d4

• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [G [d [d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [I ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [I ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [John ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [John ]]]

• Merge Tpast1 + v*

• Label from Head: [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [G [d [d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self[self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpast1 + d4

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpast [d [d ] [I ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [G [d [d] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

117

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [I ]]]2 [d [d ] [John ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [John ]]]

• Merge C1 + Tpast1

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpast [d [d ] [I ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [G [d[d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C1

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [I ]]]3 [d [d ] [John ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [John ]]]

• Spell Out:C1 d4 I T(Past1,3rd,Sg) d4 I v* show d2 John G self he d2 John in the mirror→ Remove Copies: C1 d4 I T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* show d2 John G self he in the mirror→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d I T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* showed d John G himself in the mirror→ Remove Silent Elements: I showed John himself in the mirror

(23) *I showed himself1 to John1 in the mirror. (Pesetsky 1995, p. 126; Fong and Ginsburg 2012b:3a, p. 62)[C,Tpast,[d,n sg 3rd,I],v*,[P,in,the,n sg 3rd,mirror],V,show,P FullArg,to,self,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,John]

• Merge d2 + John

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge he + d2

• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [John ]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge self + he

• Label from Head: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Local Extent boundary: self

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

118

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge to + self SO

• Label from Head: [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]

• to assigns inherent case Case:Obl to self SO

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Merge to + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

• Label Stays the Same: [to [d [d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]

• Merge show + to

• Label from Head: [show [show ] [to [d [d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]

• Substream

• Merge the + mirror

• Label from Head with uF: [the [the ] [mirror ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge in + the

• Label from Head: [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]

• in assigns inherent case Case:Obl to the

• Theta role assigned via Merge

119

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge show + in

• Label Stays the Same: [show [show [show ] [to [d [d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]][in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]

• Merge v* + show

• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [to [d [d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]]]

• Substream

• Merge d4 + I

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [I ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Mainstream

• Merge v* + d4

• EF Check via Merge: d4

• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [to [d [d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [I ]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [I ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [John ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [John ]]]

• Merge Tpast1 + v*

• Label from Head: [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [to [d [d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self[self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]]

120

• EF Merge Tpast1 + d4

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpast [d [d ] [I ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [to [d [d] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [I ]]]2 [d [d ] [John ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [John ]]]

• Merge C1 + Tpast1

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpast [d [d ] [I ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [to [d[d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C1

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [I ]]]3 [d [d ] [John ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [John ]]]

• Spell Out:C1 d4 I T(Past1,3rd,Sg) d4 I v* show d2 John to self he d2 John in the mirror→ Remove Copies: C1 d4 I T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* show d2 John to self he in the mirror→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d I T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* showed d John to himself in the mirror→ Remove Silent Elements: I showed John to himself in the mirror

(24) *I showed John1 him1 in the mirror. (Fong and Ginsburg 2012b:16a, p. 71)[C,Tpast,[d,n sg 3rd,I],v*,[P,in,the,n sg 3rd,mirror],V,show,P FullArg,G,d,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,John]

• Merge d2 + John

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge he + d2

• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [John ]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge d3 + he

• Label from Head: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

121

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge G + d3

• Label from Head: [G [G ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]

• G assigns inherent case Case:Obl to d3

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Crash: Nothing to Merge

(25) *I showed John1 to him1 in the mirror. (Fong and Ginsburg 2012b:16b, p. 71)[C,Tpast,[d,n sg 3rd,I],v*,[P,in,the,n sg 3rd,mirror],V,show,P FullArg,to,d,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,John]

• Merge d2 + John

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge he + d2

• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [John ]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge d3 + he

• Label from Head: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge to + d3

• Label from Head: [to [to ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]

• to assigns inherent case Case:Obl to d3

• Theta role assigned via Merge

122

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Crash: Nothing to Merge

(26) Pictures of himself1 worry John1. (Belletti and Rizzi, p. 317; Fong and Ginsburg 2012b:4, p. 62)[C,Tpres,CAUSv,V,worry,CAUSp,d,n pl 3rd,pictures,P,of,self,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,John]

• Merge d2 + John

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge he + d2

• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [John ]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge self + he

• Label from Head: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Local Extent boundary: self

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge of + self SO

• Label from Head: [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]

• of assigns inherent case Case:Obl to self SO

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge pictures + of

123

• Label from Head: [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge d3 + pictures

• Label from Head: [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Merge CAUSp + d3

• Label from Head: [CAUSp [CAUSp ] [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [John ]]

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Merge CAUSp + d2

• EF Check via Merge: d2

• Label Stays the Same: [CAUSp [d [d ] [John ]] [CAUSp [CAUSp ] [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self[self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]][uCase]]3 b4 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]

• Merge worry + CAUSp

• Label from Head: [worry [worry ] [CAUSp [d [d ] [John ]] [CAUSp [CAUSp ] [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of[of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]]]]

124

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]][uCase]]3 b4 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]

• Merge CAUSv + worry

• Label from Head: [CAUSv [CAUSv ] [worry [worry ] [CAUSp [d [d ] [John ]] [CAUSp [CAUSp ] [d [d ][pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: CAUSv

• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d] [John ]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [John ]]]

• Merge Tpres1 + CAUSv SO

• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [CAUSv [CAUSv ] [worry [worry ] [CAUSp [d [d ] [John ]] [CAUSp [CAUSp] [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]]]]]]

• EF Merge Tpres1 + d3

• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]][Tpres [Tpres ] [CAUSv [CAUSv ] [worry [worry ] [CAUSp [d [d ] [John ]] [CAUSp [CAUSp ] [d [d ] [pictures[pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [John ]]]

• Merge C1 + Tpres1

• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]][Tpres [Tpres ] [CAUSv [CAUSv ] [worry [worry ] [CAUSp [d [d ] [John ]] [CAUSp [CAUSp ] [d [d ] [pictures[pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

• Local Extent boundary: C1

• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [John ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [John ]]]

125

• Spell Out:C1 d3 pictures of self he d2 John T(Pres1,3rd,Pl) CAUSv worry d2 John CAUSp d3 pictures of self he d2 John→ Remove Copies: C1 d3 pictures of self he T(Pres1,3rd,Pl) CAUSv worry d2 John CAUSp→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d pictures of himself T(Pres1,3rd,Pl) CAUSv worry d John CAUSp→ Remove Silent Elements: pictures of himself worry John

(27) *Pictures of him1 worry John1. (Fong and Ginsburg 2012b:21, p. 75)[C,Tpres,CAUSv,V,worry,CAUSp,d,n pl 3rd,pictures,P,of,d,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,John]

• Merge d2 + John

• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:[]

• Merge he + d2

• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]

• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [John ]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge d3 + he

• Label from Head: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge of + d3

• Label from Head: [of [of ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]

• of assigns inherent case Case:Obl to d3

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge pictures + of

• Label from Head: [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge d4 + pictures

• Label from Head: [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]

126

• Phi Passed from Comp to Label

• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [John ]]

• Checked Features: uN uD

• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Merge CAUSp + d4

• Label from Head: [CAUSp [CAUSp ] [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]]

• Theta role assigned via Merge

• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]

• Stack:1 [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])

• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role

• Crash: Nothing to Merge

127