Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies May, 2015 Meir Kraus Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies Jerusalem A Mosaic of Communities

Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies www.jiis.org

May, 2015

Meir KrausJerusalem Institutefor Israel Studies

Jerusalem A Mosaic of Communities


The Jerusalem Mosaic


3

Society and DemographyKey Population Figures

• Total: 830,000(10% of Israel's population)

– Thereof:63% Jews (522,000)37% Arabs (308,000)

– Ultra-orthodox Jews: 39% (205,000) of the Jewish population

• Largest City in Israel

• Largest Arab community

• Largest Ultra orthodox

community


4

Wheredo the Communities Live?

• Arab population – mainly East Jerusalem

• Jewish population – West Jerusalem and satellite neighborhoods– Ultra-orthodox – mainly

north


5

Society and Demography Population Projection

1967 2013 2020

Jews 74% 63% 59%

Arabs 26% 37% 41%

• Changing population balance

within mosaic


6

Society and Demography Household Size

Household Size

Jews Arabs

Israel 3.1 4.8

Jerusalem 3.3 5.7

• Ultra-orthodox HH size

Jerusalem: 4.9


7

0-14

65+

0% 10% 20% 30% 40%

Age Groups in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv

Jerusalem

Tel Aviv

Percent of population

Ag

e g

rou

p

Society and Demography Diversity in Age Structure

Median Age – Jerusalem• Arabs: 20.2• Ultra-orthodox: 18.2• Secular and Religious: 30.3

0-14

65+

0% 10% 20% 30% 40%

18%

15%

34%

9%

Age Groups in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv

Jerusalem

Tel Aviv

Percent of population

Ag

e g

rou

p

Median Age• Jerusalem: 23.7• Tel Aviv: 35.2


8

Society and Demography Students in the Jerusalem Education System 2014/15

• Total – 266,700 students in system

• 1/3 of the city's residents

• Size enables diversity. Schools include: Jewish-Arab; Religious-secular; Science & art; Democratic; Waldorf; and many more

State and

State-Reli-gious Educa-

tion88,600(26%)

Ultra-Orthodox Ed-ucation92,700(38%)

Arab Educa-

tion84,200(36%)

• The education system

in Jerusalem is approx. 4 times

larger then the one in Tel Aviv

• It is larger than the entire

population of the 4th largest city in

the country (Rishon Lezion)


9

Society and Demography Trends in Education

• Growing UO and Arab systems

• State &state religious - stable

• Balance is unstable

• Changes are rapid

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

Students in The Municipal Education Systemin Jerusalem by Sector, 2000-2014

Ultra-or-thodox

Arab

State andState-religious

Students

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

Students in the Municipal Education Systemin Jerusalem by Sector, 2000-2014

Ultra-or-thodox

Arab

State andState-religious

Stud

ents


10

Society and Demography Migration

• Many newcomers over the

years – Jerusalem is a

preferred destination for Olim

from the West

• All Jewish population groups

are migrating in and out

JLM


11

EconomyParticipation in Labor Force by Population Group

MenWomenMenWomenMenWomenGeneralUO

JewsArabs

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

79%

69%

52%

72%74%

34%

Population Aged 20+ in Jerusalem, by Par-ticipation in Labor Force


12

Jews Arabs

27%

76%

14%

52%

Poverty Rate (Persons), by Population Group

Jerusalem

Israel

EconomyPoverty Rate

• Ultra-orthodox – 57%

Jews Arabs

27%

76%

14%

52%

Poverty Rate (Persons), by Population Group

Jerusalem

Israel


13

The Jerusalem Mainstream

Separate

communities Socio-economic

differences


14

Society and Demography Diversity in Religiousness

Israel

Jerusalem

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

10%

2%

22%

26%

60%

63%

8%

9%

Muslim Population Aged 20 and overin Israel and in Jerusalem, 2011-2013

Non-religious Loosely religiously observant

Religiously observant Very religiously observant

Percent of population aged 20 and over


15

ChallengesFacing the Different Communities

Arab popula-

tion:

Gap nar-

rowing

General Jewish

population:

Maintaining an attrac-

tive Jerusalem

Affordable housing

Job opportunities

UO population:

Affordable housing

Employment

Higher education


Documents

Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies May, 2015 Meir Kraus Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies Jerusalem A Mosaic of Communities