Jerry Blazey May 31, 2007 LCWS07 1 SiD: Hadron Calorimetry Jerry Blazey Northern Illinois University LCWS07-Hamburg May 31, 2007

Jerry BlazeyMay 31, 2007LCWS07

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SiD: Hadron CalorimetrySiD: Hadron Calorimetry

Jerry BlazeyJerry Blazey

Northern Illinois UniversityNorthern Illinois University

LCWS07-HamburgLCWS07-Hamburg

May 31, 2007May 31, 2007


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HCAL ConsiderationsHCAL Considerations• Guiding Principles Guiding Principles

– Optimized for PFAOptimized for PFA– Small radius to Small radius to

improve resolution, improve resolution, control costscontrol costs

• BaselineBaseline– Gap size <~10mmGap size <~10mm– Barrel: 34 20-mm SS Barrel: 34 20-mm SS

absorbers absorbers 4 4oo

– Two endcapsTwo endcaps– Resistive Plate Resistive Plate

Chambers Chambers • Major questions:Major questions:

– Absorber: SS or W?Absorber: SS or W?– Segmentation: 1cmSegmentation: 1cm22

through 9cmthrough 9cm22??– Sampling needed Sampling needed

beyond magnet?beyond magnet?– Active medium?Active medium?


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More on PFA RequirementsMore on PFA Requirements• Tracking:Tracking:

– Efficiently allow tracking of charged particles Efficiently allow tracking of charged particles through volume.through volume.

• Jet Resolution:Jet Resolution:– Sufficient Sufficient depth depth such that any loss in the coil or such that any loss in the coil or

energy measured with degraded resolution (relative energy measured with degraded resolution (relative to the HCal) in the outer detectors does not to the HCal) in the outer detectors does not significantly impact jet energy resolutions.significantly impact jet energy resolutions.

– Sufficient Sufficient cell sizecell size allows true and efficient allows true and efficient separation and association of closely spaced energy separation and association of closely spaced energy clusters with the correct tracks.clusters with the correct tracks.

– Sufficient Sufficient sampling sampling so as not to significantly degrade so as not to significantly degrade the jet energy resolution via the sampling term.the jet energy resolution via the sampling term.

• Simulations are essential, especially for Simulations are essential, especially for understanding design parameters and technology understanding design parameters and technology capabilities, these efforts are covered in the next capabilities, these efforts are covered in the next talk by John Jarostalk by John Jaros


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Readout Technologies Under Readout Technologies Under ConsiderationConsideration

• Gaseous Readout: fine Gaseous Readout: fine segmentation, straightforward segmentation, straightforward assembly, inexpensiveassembly, inexpensive– Resistive Plate Counters Resistive Plate Counters – Gaseous Electron Multipliers & Gaseous Electron Multipliers &

MicromegasMicromegas• Scintillator Readout: high sampling Scintillator Readout: high sampling

fraction, well understoodfraction, well understood– Solid state photomultipliers (MPPC, Solid state photomultipliers (MPPC,

SiPM, MRS…)SiPM, MRS…)• Basic approach Basic approach

– DemonstrationsDemonstrations– SimulationsSimulations

Leading to Large Prototypes


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R&D Well Matched to CALICER&D Well Matched to CALICE

• TechnologyTechnology– Gain large scale, long-Gain large scale, long-

term experience withterm experience with• Now Scin/solids Now Scin/solids

readoutreadout• Next gaseous Next gaseous

detectorsdetectors– Identify critical Identify critical

operational issuesoperational issues• Physics:Physics:

– Structure of hadron Structure of hadron showersshowers

– Validation of simulationValidation of simulation– Development of particle Development of particle

flow algorithmsflow algorithms• Running at CERN and FNAL Running at CERN and FNAL

2006 – 20082006 – 2008• Numerous CALICE talks this Numerous CALICE talks this

weekweek

Tail Catcher

ECAL

HCAL Electronic Racks

Beam


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Resistive Plate ChambersResistive Plate Chambers

• RPCRPC– Single GapSingle Gap– Coated glass as Coated glass as

resistive platesresistive plates– Avalanche modeAvalanche mode

• Small pads ~1cmSmall pads ~1cm22

– Reduce confusion Reduce confusion between tracks between tracks and clustersand clusters

– 1 bit resolution 1 bit resolution preserves single preserves single particle resolutionparticle resolution

Resistive paint

Resistive paint

Mylar

1.2mm gas gap

Mylar

Aluminum foil

1.1mm glass

1.1mm glass

-HV

Signal pads

AnalogAnalogDigital (0.5x0.5)Digital (0.5x0.5)Digital (2.5x2.5)Digital (2.5x2.5)Digital (3.0x3.0)Digital (3.0x3.0)

E(GeV)E(GeV)

/E/E

0.20.2

1010 3030

Pion Resolution Non-projective Pion Resolution Non-projective

SiDSiD

0.10.1

0.30.3

SiD Members: Argonne National LaboratorySiD Members: Argonne National Laboratory


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Prototype RPC ResultsPrototype RPC Results

• Parameter space Parameter space thoroughly explored:thoroughly explored:– One or two gas gapsOne or two gas gaps– One or two glass platesOne or two glass plates– High or low resistivity High or low resistivity

coatingscoatings– Streamer and avalanche Streamer and avalanche

modemode– Gas mixturesGas mixtures– VoltageVoltage– StabilityStability

• Performance metrics Performance metrics investigated with investigated with sources, cosmic rays, sources, cosmic rays, and beam:and beam:– MIP detection efficiency MIP detection efficiency

vs Multiplicityvs Multiplicity– Noise rateNoise rate– Rate capabilityRate capability

Digital/CosmicsDigital/CosmicsMeasurementMeasurement RPC RussiaRPC Russia RPC USRPC US

Signal Signal characterizationcharacterization

yesyes yesyes

HV dependenceHV dependence yesyes yesyes

Single pad Single pad efficienciesefficiencies

yesyes yesyes

Geometrical efficiencyGeometrical efficiency yesyes yesyes

Tests with different Tests with different gasesgases

yesyes yesyes

Mechanical propertiesMechanical properties ?? yesyes

Multi-pad efficienciesMulti-pad efficiencies yesyes yesyes

Hit multiplicitiesHit multiplicities yesyes yesyes

Noise ratesNoise rates yesyes yesyes

Rate capabilityRate capability yesyes yesyes

Tests in 5 T fieldTests in 5 T field yesyes nono

Tests in particle Tests in particle beamsbeams

yesyes yesyes

Long term testsLong term tests ongoingongoing ongoingongoing

Design of larger Design of larger chamberchamber

ongoingongoing ongoingongoing

SiD Members: Argonne National LaboratorySiD Members: Argonne National Laboratory


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RPC Slice TestRPC Slice Test• Ten chamber, 2500 Ten chamber, 2500

channel “test slice” in channel “test slice” in development for June 2007 development for June 2007 FNAL beamFNAL beam– New chamber design New chamber design – Cosmic ray and test Cosmic ray and test

beam stacks assembledbeam stacks assembled– Ten RPCs with complete Ten RPCs with complete

(RPC and GEM) readout (RPC and GEM) readout chain: chain:

• 64 channel pad 64 channel pad boardsboards

• FE boards and DCAL FE boards and DCAL ASICASIC

• Data concentrators Data concentrators and collectorsand collectors

• Timing and trigger Timing and trigger units.units.

– Prototype and Prototype and production underwayproduction underway

• Preliminary work for a Preliminary work for a 400k channel 1m400k channel 1m33 prototypeprototype

HV

Mylar

Mylar

Signal Pad(s)

Fishingline

Channel Resistive paint

Glue

Gas volume

Signal path

Glass

Glass

Just commissioned!


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Gas Electron MultipliersGas Electron Multipliers

-2100V

∆V ~400V

∆V ~400V

0V

• Foil separates Foil separates drift and drift and amplification gapamplification gap

• PCB for anode PCB for anode ~1x1cm~1x1cm22 pixel pixel readout possiblereadout possible

• Uniform, MIP Uniform, MIP efficient, and efficient, and fast.fast.

• Digital Digital performance performance encouragingencouraging

SiD Members: University of Texas-Arlington, WashingtonSiD Members: University of Texas-Arlington, Washington


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Prototype GEM ResultsPrototype GEM Results• Small prototype Small prototype

tests similar to tests similar to those for RPCthose for RPC– MIP efficiency ~95%MIP efficiency ~95%– Multiplicity 1.3Multiplicity 1.3

• Focus has been on Focus has been on production of production of chambers with large chambers with large foilsfoils

• Test beam efforts Test beam efforts first in Korea and first in Korea and just recently at just recently at Fermilab (March-Fermilab (March-April)April)

• Efficiency and cross-Efficiency and cross-talk measurement talk measurement analysis underway analysis underway (CALICE talk)(CALICE talk)


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GEM PlansGEM Plans• Participating in Participating in

slice effort (2007)slice effort (2007)• Testing ASIC Testing ASIC

designs as welldesigns as well– Fermilab DHALFermilab DHAL– SLAC KPiXSLAC KPiX

• Investigating Investigating – 3M-company 3M-company

30cmx1m foils 30cmx1m foils (2007, beam 2008)(2007, beam 2008)

– Thick GEMS (2008)Thick GEMS (2008)• And preparing for And preparing for

1m1m33 prototype prototype

SiD Members: University of Texas-Arlington, WashingtonSiD Members: University of Texas-Arlington, Washington


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MicromegasMicromegas

• Similar to GEMsSimilar to GEMs• Fine mesh Fine mesh

separates 3mm separates 3mm drift and 0.1mm drift and 0.1mm amplification amplification gapsgaps

• Can produce Can produce planes in a planes in a single single lamination lamination process – “bulk process – “bulk micromegas” micromegas” used for T2K used for T2K prototypes.prototypes.

SiD Members: LAPP-AnnecySiD Members: LAPP-Annecy


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Micromega PlansMicromega Plans• First phase:First phase:

– Design and production Design and production of small “bulk: of small “bulk: prototypesprototypes

– Three 6x16 pad planes Three 6x16 pad planes built.built.

– Study with sources and Study with sources and cosmic rays.cosmic rays.

• Second Phase:Second Phase:– 80x320 mm80x320 mm22 PCB with PCB with

integrated electronics integrated electronics under design.under design.

– Sixteen planes will be Sixteen planes will be combined into a combined into a 640x640 mm640x640 mm22 detector detector

– Beam tests and studiesBeam tests and studies

SiD Members: LAPP-AnnecySiD Members: LAPP-Annecy


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Scintillator/Solid StateScintillator/Solid State

• Scintillator, Scintillator, typically typically – 0.5mm thick0.5mm thick– ~3x3 cm~3x3 cm22

• Configurations Configurations based on tiles & based on tiles & stripsstrips

• Sensors: Many Sensors: Many vendors…vendors…

wavelength shifting fibre

plastic scintillator

MPPC

3x3cm²

5x100cm²

SiD Members: Northern Illinois University, University of ColoradoSiD Members: Northern Illinois University, University of Colorado


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Scintillator/MPPC ResultsScintillator/MPPC Results

Stable/EfficientStable/Efficient– TCMT Fine TCMT Fine

Section MIPsSection MIPs– <2%variation<2%variation– >95% eff.>95% eff.

LinearityLinearity– AHCALAHCAL– Within 1-2%Within 1-2%

ContainmentContainment– AHCAL+ECAAHCAL+ECA

L+TCMTL+TCMT– 20 GeV Pion20 GeV Pion


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1)1) Understand/Optimize Understand/Optimize Direct CouplingDirect Coupling

2)2) Construction of Construction of integrated integrated Scin/sensor/readout Scin/sensor/readout PCBsPCBs

3)3) 2007 test beam2007 test beam

PositionPosition CPTA(+/-15%)CPTA(+/-15%) HamamatsuHamamatsu

CenterCenter 100%100% 16.8+/-2.5 PE16.8+/-2.5 PE

EdgeEdge 92%92% 19.3+/-3.0 PE19.3+/-3.0 PE

CornerCorner 71%71% Not MeasuredNot Measured

Center(no grease)Center(no grease) Not MeasuredNot Measured 10.8/-1.5 PE10.8/-1.5 PE

Scin/MPPC Direct Coupling & Scin/MPPC Direct Coupling & PlansPlans

SiD Members: Northern Illinois University, University of ColoradoSiD Members: Northern Illinois University, University of Colorado


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SiD HCAL Steps ForwardSiD HCAL Steps Forward

• June, 2007 (LCWS07) ReportsJune, 2007 (LCWS07) Reports– Gaseous: GEM/RPC Slice TestGaseous: GEM/RPC Slice Test– Scintillator/MPPC: CALICE analysis & direct Scintillator/MPPC: CALICE analysis & direct

coupling investigationscoupling investigations• Late 2007 Review: Late 2007 Review:

– Evaluate technology optionsEvaluate technology options– PFA Simulations reportPFA Simulations report– Completion 1Completion 1stst generic engineering study generic engineering study– Decision on next prototype step for EDR Decision on next prototype step for EDR

• Full stack or ILC prototypeFull stack or ILC prototype• Mid-2008 Review: Mid-2008 Review:

– Technology choice or choices for CDRTechnology choice or choices for CDR– Review progress of prototype projectsReview progress of prototype projects


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Performance Criteria Technology Issues CostMIP efficiency/pad Maturity and history Development costs

Hit multiplicity/pad Reliability Assembly and test costs

Uniformity of response across active element

Component availability Active layer % of total

Ease of calibration Active layer thickness Total HCal cost

Track/cluster separability Smallest element size

Response to neutrons Ease of assembly, testing, installation, commissioning

PFA jet resolution at Z-pole, 200 Gev, 500 GeV

Recovery time after i) hits & ii) significant beam event

Rate of discharge (gas)

Ageing affects

Sensitivity to magnetic field

Technical risk


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Closing CommentsClosing Comments

• SiD has made progress with baseline SiD has made progress with baseline HCAL using RPCs. HCAL using RPCs.

• Has intentionally left the door open for Has intentionally left the door open for other possibilities including GEMs & other possibilities including GEMs & Micromegas & Scin/Solid State Sensors.Micromegas & Scin/Solid State Sensors.

• Members are contributing to world-wide Members are contributing to world-wide R&D efforts, particularly in the R&D efforts, particularly in the framework provided by the highly framework provided by the highly successful CALICE collaboration.successful CALICE collaboration.

• Interplay between concepts and R&D Interplay between concepts and R&D efforts will yield more capable detectors.efforts will yield more capable detectors.

Documents

Jerry Blazey May 31, 2007 LCWS07 1 SiD: Hadron Calorimetry Jerry Blazey Northern Illinois University LCWS07-Hamburg May 31, 2007