Jefferson’s Administration

The Jeffersonian "Revolution of 1800"Why was this

election “revolutionary”?

Swing state

Election of 1800

• Democratic-Republican Party won, however…– Each Dem-Rep elector cast two votes

» one for Jefferson and one for Burr tied

– __________________________________» Federalist “lame-duck” House from 1798» Solved on 36th ballot when Federalists stopped supporting Burr and

abstained» Helped lead to _____ Amendment: requiring separate ballots for POTUS

and VP

– Jefferson called victory “_______________”

The "Dead Clutch" of the Judiciary• ______________________________

– passed by expiring Federalist Congress– new Republican-Democratic Congress quickly repealed the act

and kicked out the 16 newly seated judges

• _______________________________– the Constitution was "the fundamental and paramount law of the

nation" and that "an act of the legislature repugnant to the constitution is void."

• Power of _______________________

• Impeachment of Samuel Chase– SCOTUS Justice the Democratic-Republican Congress tried to

remove in retaliation for Marshall's decision regarding Marbury– Was not removed due to a lack of votes in the Senate

Jeffersonians Take Control

• Jefferson’s Views:

Jefferson as President (1801-1809)• Reverses of Federalist Policy:

Clemency Actions

• Washington 16• Adams 21• Jefferson 119

Article II, Section 2, Clause 1: The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have power to Grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment.

Jefferson as President (1801-1809)

• Continuation of Federalist Policy:

Louisiana Purchase• (Settlers west of Appalachians sent bulky agricultural products down

Mississippi River• Pinckney Treaty (1795), Spain allowed Americans the right of deposit at New

Orleans)

• 1800 Napoleon gained LA from Spain• 1802 suspended “right of deposit”• Robert Livingston and James Monroe sent to

France to negotiate for purchase of New Orleans• Napoleon agreed to sell ALL the territory

• Needed money for war with Britain• Could not defend the territory because of British

navy• abandoned plans for an American empire

– Mostly due to revolt led by Toussaint L’Ouverture on Hispaniola

Louisiana Purchase• Jefferson worried about constitutionality

– wanted an amendment• Delay was warned would cause Napoleon to

rescind his offer

• Jefferson used the power of the President to make treaties as his justification

Article II, Section 2. The President shall be commander in chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment.He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law: but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments.The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session.

The Aaron Burr Conspiracies• Aaron Burr- Jefferson's first-term vice president

– after being dropped from Jefferson's cabinet, he joined a group of extremist Federalists who plotted the secession of New England and New York

– Alexander Hamilton uncovered the plot– Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel and Hamilton accepted– Hamilton refused to shoot and he was shot and killed by Burr

• General James Wilkinson- • corrupt military governor of Louisiana Territory• made an allegiance with Burr to separate the western part of the

United States from the East and expand their new confederacy with invasions of Spanish-controlled Mexico and Florida

• betrayed Burr when he learned that Jefferson knew of the plot• Burr was acquitted of the charges of treason by James Madison and

he fled to Europe     

The Election of 1804Candidate Party Electoral

VotePopular

VoteThomas Jefferson (VA)

George Clinton (NY)Democratic-

Republican 162 *

C.C. Pinckney (SC)Rufus King (NY) Federalist 14

Neutral America• Jefferson was reelected in 1804• England was the power of the seas, and

France had the power of land• England issued a series of Orders in

Council in 1806– Closed European ports under Fr control to

foreign shipping– Fr ordered the seizure of all merchant ships

that entered Br ports

Jefferson, a Reluctant Warrior• Jefferson preferred to make the military smaller• Jefferson was forced to bend his thoughts of not

using military force when the leader of Tripoli informally declared war on the United States

• Jefferson sent the new navy to Tripoli and after 4 years of fighting, a deal was reached– U.S. paid Tripoli $60,000 for the release of captured

Americans