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Riparian Corridor Management:Buffers
Ecotones &
The Land-Water Interface
Jeffrey A. Thornton, Principal PlannerJeffrey A. Thornton, Principal Planner
Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning CommissionSoutheastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission
Email: [email protected]: [email protected]
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THE NATURAL LANDSCAPE
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Natural Landscapes are varied
Photo: Dr. Thomas M. Slawski
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Streams include pools and riffles and debris
Photos: Dr. Thomas M. Slawski
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Uplands are comprised of prairie grasslands and woodlands
Photos: Milwaukee County
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The transition from upland to stream provides habitat for an
array of creatures
Photos: Dr. Thomas M. Slawski
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While the streams provide additional habitat for an array of
aquatic life
Photos: Dr. Thomas M. Slawski
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THE HUMAN DIMENSION
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Modification of the Landscape for Human purposes
Photo: Milwaukee County
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Streams provided avenues for movement
Photo: Dr. Thomas M. Slawski
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and the motive power for economic development
Photos: Dr. Thomas M. Slawski
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Streams created barriers to movement
Photos: Dr. Thomas M. Slawski
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The transformation of the landscape!
Photos: Dr. Thomas M. Slawski
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The transformation of the streams!
Photos: Dr. Thomas M. Slawski
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Streams were piped and polluted«
Photos: Dr. Thomas M. Slawski
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CONSEQUENCES
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The Transformation of the Landscape has consequences
Source: Wang and others, 2000, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, No. 36, Volume 5
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LESSONS LEARNED
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Recognize and Maintain Ecosystem services
Waterways provide a range of services
± Provisioning services such as water supply and (hydro)power
generation
± Regulating services such as flood regulation and water quality
protection and improvement
± Cultural services such as aesthetic enjoyment, recreation, and spiritual
enrichment
± Supporting services
Nutrient cycling
Fisheries
Photo: Dr. Thomas M. Slawski
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Range of Buffer Widths Providing Specific Ecosystem Services
Buffer Widths (feet)
Water Temperature Moderation
Sediment Removal
Nutrient Removal
Species Diversity
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 3 50
Source: Castelle and others, 1994, Journal of Environmental Quality , Volume 23.
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Riparian Buffer Effectiveness for Water Quality Improvement
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
0
20
40
60
80
100
P e r c e n t B u f f e
r E f f e c t i v e n e s s
Buffer Width (ft)
Total Suspended Solids
Nitrogen Phosphorus
Nitrate
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INVENTORY&
ANALYSIS
Land Use
PopulationPollution SourcesWater QualityAquatic Plants
Fishes & WildlifeWater UsesRecreation
Water Use ObjectivesAlternative Measures
Recommended Measures--watershed--lake
Community Information
DIAGNOSIS
&
PLAN
RESOURCE NEEDS
(ECOLOGY)HUMAN USE
Plan for Balance
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SEWRPC Planning Report No. 50
Appendix N
CRITERIA AND GUIDELINES FORSTREAM CROSSINGS
TO ALLOW FISH P ASSAGE AND MAINTAIN
STREAM STABILITY
Appendix O
RIP ARIAN BUFFER EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS
Plan for Success
Photo: Dr. Thomas M. Slawski
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Develop Appropriate Criteria
Buffer Widths (feet)
Water Temperature Moderation
Sediment Removal
Nutrient Removal
Species Diversity
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 3 50
Source: Chapter 23 of the Washington County Code of Ordinances.
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Riparian Buffer Effectiveness
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
0
20
40
60
80
100
P e r c e n t B u f f e
r E f f e c t i v e n e s s
Buffer Width (ft)
Total Suspended Solids
Nitrogen Phosphorus
Nitrate
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Integrate Environmental Services into Development Plans
Photos: Dr. Thomas M. Slawski
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New Culvert
Original
Photos: Dr. Thomas M. Slawski
Make Good Choices!
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Take Appropriate Action! in rural areas
Photos: Andy Holschbach
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Take Appropriate Action! in urban areas
Photos: Dr. Thomas M. Slawski and SEWRPC
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THANK YOU!
