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8/22/2019 j_dwrn 802.22
1/30
13-1
2010 Raj JainCSE574SWashington University in St. Louis
IEEE 802.22 WirelessIEEE 802.22 WirelessRegional Area NetworksRegional Area Networks
((WRANsWRANs))
Raj JainProfessor of Computer Science and EngineeringWashington University in Saint Louis
Saint Louis, MO [email protected]
Audio/Video recordings of this lecture are available at:
http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse574-10/
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2010 Raj JainCSE574SWashington University in St. Louis
OverviewOverview
IEEE 802.22: Key Features
IEEE 802.22 Superframe/Frame Structure
IEEE 802.22 Channel Management
Configuration/Security/Power Management
Co-Existence Beacon Protocol (CBP)
Geolocation/Database
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IEEE 802.22: Key FeaturesIEEE 802.22: Key Features Uses 54 MHz-862 MHz TV Band
Designed to share spectrum when TV broadcast is off
17 km to 30 km radius (100 km in good conditions)
100 km
QPSK17 km
64QAM
30 km16 QAM
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2010 Raj JainCSE574SWashington University in St. Louis
IEEE 802.22: Key Features (Cont)IEEE 802.22: Key Features (Cont) 1.5 Mbps Down, 384 kbps Up.
Coverage: 50% locations in the fringe areas and
99.9% time
2 bps/Hz 12 Mbps in 6 MHz channel
255 users with 40:1 over-subscription
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2010 Raj JainCSE574SWashington University in St. Louis
Characteristics of Wireless StandardsCharacteristics of Wireless Standards
RAN
MAN
LAN
PAN
Range
Data RateSpectrum
Standard100km
10km
1000m
100m 802.15
802.11
802.16
802.22
1Mbps11-200Mbps1-70M
bps1-10Mbps
2.4GH
z
2.4,5.
8GHz
2.5,3
.5GH
z
54-862M
Hz
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2010 Raj JainCSE574SWashington University in St. Louis
Similarities Between 802.16 and 802.22Similarities Between 802.16 and 802.22 Centralized allocation at BS
Service classes: UGS, rtPS, nrtPS, BE
QoS parameters, Peak/sustained rates, max latency, jitter
OFDMA, Slots, DS subframe, US subframe, Bursts
DL/UL is called DS/US. SS is called CPE.
Connections, 12-bit connection ID (CID), Basic, Primarymanagement, Secondary management connections
Ranging request/response
Contention: Ranging, BW request MAC subheaders: BW request, fragmentation, grant
management, packing, ARQ feedback, fast feedback
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2010 Raj JainCSE574SWashington University in St. Louis
IEEE 802.22 ConceptsIEEE 802.22 Concepts Spectrum sensing: Check if TV/WRAN signal is present
In-band: Operating TV Channel N and the first adjacent
channels (N+1 and N-1).
Out-of-band: Any TV channel that is not in-band
Geo-location: Latitude and longitude
Waypoint: Any WRAN device whose location is known.Used for geolocation.
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2010 Raj JainCSE574SWashington University in St. Louis
IEEE 802.22 Superframe StructureIEEE 802.22 Superframe Structure Superframe: Group of 16 frames, with a superframe preamble
and superframe control header (SCH).
First frame payload is reduced by two symbols to compensatefor Superframe preamble and superframe control header
Superframe n-1 Superframe n Superframe n+1
Superframe
Preamble
Frame
Preamble
Superframe
Control Header
Frame
Preamble
Frame 0 Frame 1 Frame 15
160 ms
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2010 Raj JainCSE574SWashington University in St. Louis
IEEE 802.22 Frame StructureIEEE 802.22 Frame Structure SCH indicates whether a frame or coexistence beacon follows it.
It also indicates the position and duration of quiet period for
inter-frame sensing.
DS:US boundary is adaptive
DS bursts are vertical, US bursts are horizontal
Urgent Co-existence situation (UCS) notification
FramePreamble
DS-MAP
FCH
US-MAP
UCD
DCD
Burst1
Burst2
BurstnB
urst2
Burst1
Burst2
Ranging/BW
R/UCS
SelfCoexWindow
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2010 Raj JainCSE574SWashington University in St. Louis
Channel Classifications and SelectionChannel Classifications and Selection Available: Not occupied by TV transmitters
Disallowed: Local regulation
Operating: Used by this BS
Backup: In backup list of this BS
Candidate: For backup Occupied: By other WRANs
Unclassified: Dont know
Unavailable: Occupied by TV transmitters
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2010 Raj JainCSE574SWashington University in St. Louis
IEEE 802.22 Channel ManagementIEEE 802.22 Channel Management Channel Termination req/resp
Announced by BS if incumbent comes back
Channel Add req/resp to add TV channels to the BS
channels
Channel Switch req/resp Channel Quiet Request/resp
(to perform measurement)
Channel Occupancy update BS may get the list of incumbents from a database
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2010 Raj JainCSE574SWashington University in St. Louis
Measurements ManagementMeasurements Management Bulk measurement request:
Sent by BS to unicast/multicast/broadcast address
Includes number of repetition and report frequency
Measurement response
Stop measurement request
Location configuration measurement request
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2010 Raj JainCSE574SWashington University in St. Louis
Configuration ManagementConfiguration Management SW Upgrade TFTP server
TFTP complete message
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Security ManagementSecurity Management Privacy key management req/reply reject/ack
PKM EAP start/transfer
PKM SA-TEK challenge
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Power ManagementPower Management 802.22 stations (BS or CPE) are not allowed to
operate on active TV channel (N) or the adjacent
channel (N+1)
Maximum EIRP is limited when operating on
alternate channels (N+2 and beyond)
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2010 Raj JainCSE574SWashington University in St. Louis
IDRPIDRP Incumbent Detection Recovery Protocol
BS transmits a channel switching req (CHS-REQ)
If a CPE misses the CHS-REQ, it times out if it does
not hear from BS, CPE then moves to the next backup
channel
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CoCo--Existence Beacon Protocol (CBP)Existence Beacon Protocol (CBP) For signaling to adjacent and overlapping WRAN
cells and for geolocation
CBP bursts are transmitted by selected CPEs at theend of US subframe.
CPEs decode CBP packets from CPEs in cells
operating on the same TV channel or adjacentchannels.
14 types of CBP packets including CPE beacons.
CPE beacons are transmitted by the CPEs and containthe TV channel #, backup channel #s, BS ID, CPE ID.
CBP packets are used for coexistence and Geolocation
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SelfSelf--CoexistenceCoexistence Two or more 802.22 networks in the same
space/time/frequency
1. Spectrum Etiquette: Do not hog the channels
2. Interference Free scheduling: Do not allocate slots
which interfere with neighboring cell's CPEs
3. Dynamic Resource Renting and Offering: Less
loaded BSs rent spectrum to more loaded BSs.
4. Adaptive On-Demand Channel Contention(AODCC)
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Dynamic Resource Renting and OfferingDynamic Resource Renting and OfferingBS1 BS2 BS3BS3
Needs
Channel
Has Extra
Channels
Needs
Channel
Channel Ad
Rent RequestRes Allocation
Ack
Needs channels
Collect Req
Collect Resp
Ack
Rent RequestRes Allocation
Ack
Doesnt Needs channels
Return Req
Return Resp
Ack
Channel Ad
Has Extra
Channels
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Dynamic Resource Renting (Cont)Dynamic Resource Renting (Cont) Resource advertisement:
Time for which the channel is available for rent
Rent Request: Bid, start time, end time
Resource allocation Response:
Satisfaction or dissatisfaction
Resource Allocation Ack
Resource collection request/response/ack
Returning request/response/ack
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AODCCAODCC Adaptive On-Demand Channel Contention
A CPE sends a CBP with channel contention (CC)
request.
CC request contains id of the source and destination
operator and BS IDs.
CPE runs the contention resolution and sends CC
response.
The Contention source then sends a CC ack to indicatethat it is going to use that channel.
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AODCC (Cont)AODCC (Cont) Two Cells for the same Operator:
Draw random numbers.
Whoever gets a higher number wins.
Two Cells from Different Operator:
BS1 bids "Credit Tokens" to BS2 with a start timeand duration
BS2 computes its own "Credit Tokens" to BS1.
Whoever bids higher wins.
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SynchronizationSynchronizationNeighboring cells on the same frequency need to
synchronize their transmission
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Spectrum Sensing Function (SSF)Spectrum Sensing Function (SSF) Both BS and CPEs have SSF
There are message for BS to ask CPEs to sense and
respond back
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Geolocation/DatabaseGeolocation/Database GPS based - CPE's send their GPS coordinates
Ranging is done between BS and CPEs
BS can also ask other CPEs to listen to ranging and
determine their distances from a CPE
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SummarySummary
IEEE 802.22 wireless regional area network covers large ruralareas using unused TV channels
Similar to IEEE 802.16: OFDMA
Coexistence with incumbent TV operator requires periodicsensing
Multiple IEEE 802.22 networks can co-exist in the same areaon the same channel => Need self-coexistence methods
Spectrum sharing, renting rules
Adaptive on-demand channel contention
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802.22 Documents802.22 Documents IEEE 802.22/WDv0.4.7, "Draft Standard for Wireless Regional
Area Networks Part 22: Cognitive Wireless RAN Medium
Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)specifications: Policies and procedures for operation in the TV
Bands," March 2008, 372 pp. (Available only to working group
members)
P802.22.1-D6, "Part 22.1: Enhanced Protection for Low-Power, Licensed Devices Operating in Television Broadcast
Bands," February 2009. (Available only to working group
members)
802-22_PAR, "IEEE 802.22 PAR," Sept 23, 2004, 3 pp.
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Homework 13Homework 13 Read the IEEE 802.22 specs and draw a flow chart of
the channel contention procedure at the contention
source CPE. No need to draw the contentionresolution at the destination.
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Related Wikipedia ArticlesRelated Wikipedia Articles http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.22
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_frequency_hopping
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_radio
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_spaces_(radio)
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List of AcronymsList of Acronyms AODCC Adaptive On-Demand Channel Contention
BS Base Station
BW Bandwidth
CBP Co-Existence Beacon Protocol
CPE Customer Premises Equipment
GPS Global Positioning System
ID Identification
MHz Mega Hertz
OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
PAR Project Authorization Request
PKM Public Key Management
SSF Spectrum Sensing Function
SW Software
UCS Urgent Co-existence situation
WRAN Wireless Regional Area Network