JCOMMJCOMMObservations Programme AreaObservations Programme Area

Report toReport to

Ship Observations Team (SOT-IV)Ship Observations Team (SOT-IV)

Geneva, 16-21 April 2007Geneva, 16-21 April 2007

Mike JohnsonMike JohnsonObservations Programme Area CoordinatorObservations Programme Area Coordinator

photo courtesy of MeteoFrance

Observations Programme Area

Implement the ocean domain of GCOS-92:JCOMM is identified as the implementing agent for 21 specific actions.

The Plan is in placeGCOS-92:

• International GOOS• GEOSS Ocean Baseline• UNFCCC Priority• G8 Commitment

As of September 2005, all six global in situ implementation

programs are now linked internationally through

WMO/IOC JCOMM coordination

The organizing framework is in place

57%

Total in situ networks January 200757%

100%

42%

81%

43%66%48%21%

81%

Initial Global Ocean Observing System for Climate Status against the GCOS Implementation Plan and JCOMM targets

• A total of 5635 platforms aremaintained globally.

• Tide gauge stations• Surface Drifting Buoys• Tropical Moored Buoys• Profiling Floats• Ships of Opportunity• Ocean Reference Stations• Ocean Carbon Networks

• Arctic Observing System• Dedicated Ship Support• Data & Assimilation

Subsystems• Management and Product

Delivery• Satellites -- SST, Surface

Topography, Wind, Color, Sea Ice

GCOS-92

Implementation Targets are designed for climate but also serve global weather prediction, global and coastal ocean prediction, marine transportation, marine hazards warning, marine environmental monitoring, naval applications, and many other non-climate users.

8 of 9 GEOSS Societal Benefits

79 91 106 126 148 170

807 671 779 787 975 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250

77 77 79 79 83 86 91 97 104 115 119

26 26 27 39 44 49 51 51 51

923 1572 2300 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

41 42 49 54 60 78 89

9 15 17 20 23 28 31

3030 3434 4040 4545 4848 5555 6060 6666 7777 8888 9999

51 56 67 67 69

23 24

20 31 544

15 29 35 37

0 0 1 4

60 108 112 150 180 200 200 200 2000 0

Tide Gauge Stations

Surface Drifting Buoys

Tropical Moored Buoys

VOS Clim Ships

Argo Floats

Reference Stations

Ocean Carbon Network

Ships of Opportunity

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20062005 2007 2008 2009 2010

Multi-year Phased Implementation Plan(International targets presented at JCOMM-II -- representative milestones)

Real-time Stations,Initial GCOS Subset

High resolution & frequentlyrepeated lines occupied

Number of floats

Number of moorings

Number of buoys

Repeat Sections Completed,One inventory per 10 years

System % Complete

Observatories, flux, andocean transport stations

Number of shipsrecruited

Total System

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20062005 2007 2008 2009 2010

JCOMM-I JCOMM-II

Initial Ocean Observing System Milestones

57

ProgressProgress

2003 2005

Systems Approach to StandardMapping and Reporting

Standard Baser Map:Equidistant Cylindrical Projection,90N to 90S, broken at 30 E

Surface Drifting Buoys1250 sustained array (achieved)

Users Workshop (March 2006)• Implement hourly reporting• Need barometers on all drifters

(presently 407)

Milestone18 September 2005

• TAO/TRITON sustained• PIRATA Extensions implemented• Indian Ocean Array getting started

Tropical Moored Buoys

2851 active floats -- will reach 3000 by mid-2007

Argo Profiling Float Array

Deploying and maintaining 89 Ocean Reference Stations(42 now in service)

By the end of 2007 most of the 170 Climate Reference Tide Gauge Stations Will Provide

Marine Hazards Warning in Real Time

GCOS Climate Reference NetworkGCOS Climate Reference Networkof Tide Gauge Stationsof Tide Gauge Stations

Sites where Tsunami and Climate plans overlap -- potential for coordinationSites where Climate missions already deploy tsunami buoys routinely

Integrating tsunami buoys into GOOS(JCOMM DBCP and OceanSITES)

Chilean Tsunami Buoy being deployedduring a U.S. Climate mission

Met sensors installed by USA on the Chilean tsunami buoy: October 2006

Note : AX08 is Under sampled in FRX Mode

AX07

AX03

AX20

AX22

IX01IX12 IX

22

IX28

PX

05

PX08

PX

09

PX10

PX13

PX17

PX18

PX30

PX31

PX34

PX37

PX38

PX40

PX50

AX08

AX18

AX25

AX29

AX34

IX06IX08

IX15

PX02

PX04PX

11

IX21

PX21

PX36

PX81

AX15

AX

10

AX

11

IX07

IX09S

PX44

PX

06

IX10

JCOMM-II authorized a Trust Fund forConsumables for Ship-Based Observations• Trust fund managed by WMO• Initially focused on XBTs• Expenditures to be authorized by Chair, SOT

41 of 51 UOT XBT lines now occupied

Note : AX08 is Under sampled in FRX Mode

AX07

AX03

AX20

AX22

IX01IX12 IX

22

IX28

PX

05

PX08

PX

09

PX10

PX13

PX17

PX18

PX30

PX31

PX34

PX37

PX38

PX40

PX50

AX08

AX18

AX25

AX29

AX34

IX06IX08

IX15

PX02

PX04PX

11

IX21

PX21

PX36

PX81

AX15

AX

10

AX

11

IX07

IX09S

PX44

PX

06

IX10

910 VOS reporting at least 25 obs/month

Note : AX08 is Under sampled in FRX Mode

AX07

AX03

AX20

AX22

IX01IX12 IX

22

IX28

PX

05

PX08

PX

09

PX10

PX13

PX17

PX18

PX30

PX31

PX34

PX37

PX38

PX40

PX50

AX08

AX18

AX25

AX29

AX34

IX06IX08

IX15

PX02

PX04PX

11

IX21

PX21

PX36

PX81

AX15

AX

10

AX

11

IX07

IX09S

PX44

PX

06

IX10

622 ASAP obs/month

38% complete

Measuring Ocean Carbon Sources and Sinks

1. Inventory 10-year survey2. Ships of opportunity Network design underway

3. Moored buoy time series

Water Temperature Metadata Pilot Project (META-T PP)Water Temperature Metadata Pilot Project (META-T PP)

• Workshop: Reading, March 2006Workshop: Reading, March 2006– Considered user requirements for real-time metadata:Considered user requirements for real-time metadata:

• NWP, SST analysis, GHRSST, data assimilation and ocean analysis, NWP, SST analysis, GHRSST, data assimilation and ocean analysis, ocean modeling, model validation, climate forecasting satellite cal/val, ocean modeling, model validation, climate forecasting satellite cal/val, diagnostics by platform operatorsdiagnostics by platform operators

– Reviewed all in situ systems delivering SST and Temperature Reviewed all in situ systems delivering SST and Temperature ProfilesProfiles

• GTSPP, GOSUD, Argo, DBCP, SOT, OceanSITES, ODASGTSPP, GOSUD, Argo, DBCP, SOT, OceanSITES, ODAS

– Proposed three categories of metadata:Proposed three categories of metadata:• Metadate required for real-time distribution with the observational dataMetadate required for real-time distribution with the observational data• Metadata required for real-time but not necessarily transmitted with the Metadata required for real-time but not necessarily transmitted with the

observations (available via servers)observations (available via servers)• Metadata not required in real-timeMetadata not required in real-time

– National Marine Data & Information Service of China (NMDIS) National Marine Data & Information Service of China (NMDIS) volunteered to host metadata servers for the pilot project.volunteered to host metadata servers for the pilot project.

– NDBC (USA) will also consider hosting a mirror server.NDBC (USA) will also consider hosting a mirror server.

Observing System MonitoringObserving System Monitoring

JCOMMOPSJCOMMOPSProduct DeliveryProduct Delivery

Ship observations not shown

Percent of 5x5 Boxes with 25 Observations per Week

Drifting BuoysMoored BuoysShipsTotal

Goal:100% Global Coverage

100

80

60

40

20

0

Requirement: All boxes blue

Drifting Buoys + Moored Buoys + Weighted Ship Observations

Requirement: 0.2°C - 0.5°C accuracy; 500km horizontalresolution; 25 samples per week (GOOS/GCOS, 1999)

Performance Measure: Reduce the error in globalmeasurement of Sea Surface Temperature

Metric: Potential satellite bias error (degrees Celsius)

Observing System Status: 2006, Q4.Error in Global Measurement of Sea Surface Temperature

0.510

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Year

GPRA Goal

Requirement: 0.2°C - 0.5°C

GPRA Goal

Requirement: 0.2°C - 0.5°C

BATHY (mostly XBTs)

TESAC (mostly Argo floats)

TRACKOB (surface underway data)

BUOY (moored and drifting)

Observing System Status: 2006, Q4 Temperature Profiles

Goal: 100% Global Coverage

Requirement: All boxes blue

Sampling requirements:1 profileEvery 10 daysIn every 3 x 3 º

BATHY (mostly XBTs)

TESAC (mostly Argo floats)

TRACKOB (surface underway data)

BUOY (moored and drifting)

Observing System Status: 2006, Q4 Salinity Profiles

Goal: 100% Global Coverage

Requirement: All boxes blue

Sampling requirements:1 profileEvery 10 daysIn every 3 x 3 º

BATHY (mostly XBTs)

TESAC (mostly Argo floats)

TRACKOB (surface underway data)

BUOY (moored and drifting)

Observing System Status: 2006, Q4 Sea Surface Salinity

Goal: 100% Global Coverage

Requirement: All boxes blue

Sampling requirements:1 observationEvery 10 daysIn every 2 x 2 º

Sort by:• Platform type• Variables being sampled• Time frame• Contributing Country

Drill down for platform metadata and real-time data.

Observing System Monitoring CenterNear-real-time tool for system statistics and data(Data from GTS. Web sources by May 2007)

Location security: Ship observations are not available for the most recent 48 hours.

481 Ships reporting two days ago

Australia had 141 Platforms

reporting during the past

month

Test Version 2.00 beta:www.jcommops.org/network_status

Test Version 2.00 beta:www.jcommops.org/network_status

Volunteer Observing Ships:The Backbone of the

Global Ocean Observing System

Thank You SOTThank You SOT

photo courtesy of MeteoFrance

- Looking to the Future -- Looking to the Future - JCOMM Observing Platform Support Center (JCOMMOPS)JCOMM Observing Platform Support Center (JCOMMOPS)

(presently supporting DBCP, SOT, Argo)(presently supporting DBCP, SOT, Argo)

• Roundtable, May 2006: representatives from the OCG, Roundtable, May 2006: representatives from the OCG, DBCP,SOT, GLOSS, Argo, OceanSITES, IOCCP, POGODBCP,SOT, GLOSS, Argo, OceanSITES, IOCCP, POGO– Agreed value and mutual benefit in evolving toward a Agreed value and mutual benefit in evolving toward a

Global Observing Program Support Center.Global Observing Program Support Center.– Estimate seven personnel needed versus the present two Estimate seven personnel needed versus the present two

working at JCOMMOPS.working at JCOMMOPS.– Shared benefit, shared responsibility: the Systems Shared benefit, shared responsibility: the Systems

benefiting should pay in proportion to their demand for benefiting should pay in proportion to their demand for JCOMMOPS services.JCOMMOPS services.

– Consider possible relocation of JCOMMOPS to a national Consider possible relocation of JCOMMOPS to a national center that might be interested in hosting an international center that might be interested in hosting an international center, and furnish in-kind contributions and additional center, and furnish in-kind contributions and additional support.support.

JCOMM Management CommitteeJCOMM Management Committee(07 October, Geneva): OCG will (07 October, Geneva): OCG will develop requirements/specifications develop requirements/specifications for future JCOMMOPS evolution and for future JCOMMOPS evolution and call for proposals -- April 2007.call for proposals -- April 2007.

5635 Platforms68 Counties