Jaringan Komputer DasarNetwork Layer dan IP (2)

Aurelio Rahmadian

ObjektifPengalamatanNetwork AddressKalkulasi Address

PengalamatanThe allocation of addresses inside

the networks should be planned and documented for the purpose of:◦Preventing duplication of addresses◦Providing and controlling access◦Monitoring security and performance

Pengalamatan

Pengalamatan

Pengalamatan

PengalamatanInternet Assigned Numbers

Authority (IANA) (http://www.iana.net)

Pengalamatan

PengalamatanTier 1

◦ These ISPs are large national or international ISPs that are directly connected to the Internet backbone.

◦ The customers of Tier 1 ISPs are either lower-tiered ISPs or large companies and organizations. Because they are at the top of Internet connectivity, they engineer highly reliable connections and services.

◦ The primary advantages for customers of Tier 1 ISPs are reliability and speed. Because these customers are only one connection away from the Internet, there are fewer opportunities for failures or traffic bottlenecks. The drawback for Tier 1 ISP customers is its high cost.

PengalamatanTier 2

◦ Tier 2 ISPs acquire their Internet service from Tier 1 ISPs. Tier 2 ISPs generally focus on business customers.

◦ Tier 2 ISPs usually offer more services than the other two tiers of ISPs. These tier 2 ISPs tend to have the IT resources to operate their own services such as DNS, e-mail servers, and web servers. Other services that Tier 2 ISPs may offer include website development and maintenance, e-commerce/e-business, and VoIP.

◦ The primary disadvantage of Tier 2 ISPs, as compared to Tier 1 ISPs, is slower Internet access. Because Tier 2 ISPs are at least one more connection away from the Internet backbone, they also tend to have lower reliability than Tier 1 ISPs.

PengalamatanTier 3

◦ Tier 3 ISPs purchase their Internet service from Tier 2 ISPs. The focus of these ISPs is the retail and home markets in a specific locale.

◦ Tier 3 customers typically do not need many of the services required by Tier 2 customers. Their primary need is connectivity and support.

◦ These customers often have little or no computer or network expertise. Tier 3 ISPs often bundle Internet connectivity as a part of network and computer service contracts for their customers.

◦ While they may have reduced bandwidth and less reliability than Tier 1 and Tier 2 providers, they are often good choices for small to medium size companies.

Network Address

Network AddressSubnet mask pattern:

◦00000000 = 0◦10000000 = 128◦11000000 = 192◦11100000 = 224◦11110000 = 240◦11111000 = 248◦11111100 = 252◦11111110 = 254◦11111111 = 255

Network AddressAND-ing host address with its

subnet mask◦1 AND 1 = 1◦1 AND 0 = 0◦0 AND 1 = 0◦0 AND 0 = 0

Network Address

Network Address

Kalkulasi Address

Kalkulasi Address

Kalkulasi Address

Kalkulasi AddressSubne

tNetwork Address Host Range Broadcast

Address

0 192.168.1.0 /27 192.168.1.1 – 192.168.1.30 192.168.1.31

1 192.168.1.32 /27 192.168.1.33 – 192.168.1.62

192.168.1.63

2 192.168.1.64 /27 192.168.1.65 – 192.168.1.94

192.168.1.95

3 192.168.1.96 /27 192.168.1.97 – 192.168.1.126

192.168.1.127

4 192.168.1.128 /27 192.168.1.129 – 192.168.1.158

192.168.1.159

5 192.168.1.160 /27 192.168.1.161 – 192.168.1.190

192.168.1.191

6 192.168.1.192 /27 192.168.1.193 – 192.168.1.222

192.168.1.223

7 192.168.1.224 /27 192.168.1.225 – 192.168.1.254

192.168.1.255

Kalkulasi Address

10

5

15

Kalkulasi Address Divisi Host

A 10B 2C 5D 2E 15

IP address192.168.10.0 /24 Host Terbanyak E: 15

◦ Setiap subnet harus mampu menampung 32 host (/27) Divisi Network Broadcast

A 192.168.10.0192.168.10.31B 192.168.10.32 192.168.10.63C 192.168.10.64 192.168.10.95D 192.168.10.96 192.168.10.127E 192.168.10.128 192.168.10.159Unused 192.168.10.160 192.168.10.191Unused 192.168.10.192 192.168.10.223Unused 192.168.10.224 192.168.10.255

Kalkulasi AddressA Variable Length Subnet Mask

(VLSM) is a means of allocating IP addressing resources to subnets according to their individual need rather than some general network-wide rule.

Kalkulasi Address

10

5

15

Kalkulasi Address Divisi Host

E 15A 10C 5B 2D 2

IP address 192.168.10.0 /24 Divisi Network Broadcast

E 192.168.10.0 /27 192.168.10.31A 192.168.10.32 /28 192.168.10.47C 192.168.10.48 /29 192.168.10.55B 192.168.10.56 /30 192.168.10.59D 192.168.10.60 /30 192.168.10.63

Unused 192.168.10.64 - 192.168.10.255

Kalkulasi Address

Kalkulasi Address Divisi Host IP address: 172.16.10.0 /16

H 1021

C 512

E 321

A 300

I 60

B 2

D 2

F 2

G 2

Divisi Network Broadcast

H 172.16.10.0 /22 172.16.13.255

C 172.16.14.0 /22 172.16.17.255

E 172.16.18.0 /23 172.16.19.255

A 172.16.20.0 /23 172.16.21.255

I 172.16.22.0 /26 172.16.22.63

B 172.16.22.64 /30 172.16.22.67

D 172.16.22.68 /30 172.16.22.71

F 172.16.22.72 /30 172.16.22.75

G 172.16.22.76 /30 172.16.22.79

Unused 172.16.22.80 - 172.16.255.255