Japanese Army and Navy - 1940

8/3/2019 Japanese Army and Navy - 1940

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JAPAN

Area:Japan proper .. 382,000 sq. km.Saghalien .. 36,Ioo sq. km.Korea .220,700 sq. km.Kwantung. 3,700 sq. km.Formosa .35,800 sq. km.

678,300 sq. km.Population:Japan proper (IX. I938) 72,223,000Saghalien (XI. 1937) .. 338,000Korea (XI. 1937) .23,640,000Kwantung (X. 1935).. 1,657,000Formosa (XI. 1937) .. 5,446,000

103,304,000Density per sq. km ......... 152.3Japan proper .... 189.1

I. Army.ORGANISATION AND COMPOSITION OF THE ARMY.The armed forces of Japan on a peace-time footing include thefollowing units

i. Higher Units.17 divisions (including I Imperial body-guard division).4 brigades of cavalry.4 brigades of heavy artillery.

2. Arms and Services.Infantry.

68 regiments.2 tank regiments.An infantry regiment consists of 3 battalions and a machine-guncorps, and an infantry battalion of 3 companies and a machine-


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Cavalry.25 regiments (of 3 or 4 squadrons each).Eight of these regiments are organised into four independentcavalry brigades, while the remaining seventeen are attached one to

each of the divisions.Artillery.

Field artillery: 14 regiments.Heavy field artillery : 8 regiments.Heavy coastal artillery : 8 regiments.Mountain artillery : 5 regiments.Anti-aircraft artillery: 2 regiments.Horse artillery 4 groups.A field artillery regiment consists of 6 batteries each equippedwith four guns.

Engineers.i7 battalions of pioneers of 3 companies each.2. railway regiments.2 telegraph regiments.

Air Force.9 regiments (ii reconnaissance squadrons, Ir fighting squadrons,4 bombing squadrons and one balloon group).

RECRUITING SYSTEM AND PERIOD OF SERVICE.Military service is compulsory from the age of 17 to the age of 40.The service is divided as follows : standing army, consisting ofactive service forces and the first reserve; second reserve ; replacementservice and territorial service.

PERIOD OF SERVICE.Category of service Age(years)Active service.. ry . from 20 to 21tanm. . from 20 to 2I

Navy .2 to 22rmy Army 3 22 to 26Secondirst reserve Army.. 4 2 to 36{Army Io 2 tO 36

rNavy .. 5 27 to 31Replacement service .......... / 20 to 36Territorial service .... .... 24 1 7 to 4o


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JAPAN 231

Those having finished the period of active service are placed onthe first reserve list for terms as stated above. At the end of suchterms, they are removed to the second reserve, and then finallyto the territorial service. Those who have gone through the periodof replenishment reserve service are also transferred to the territorial-service.Examination for Conscription. Total numberexamined

I928..... 568,7961929.... 585,819I930.. . 595,505931 . 6619,146I932 ... 621,8441933 ... 63I,099I934... 641,9691935 .. 633,8861936 .. .. 630,802

EFFECTIVES.The strength of the army on a peace-time footing is about

250,000, including I5,0oo0 officers.

MILITARY STATUTE OF THE ISLANDS UNDERJAPANESE MANDATE.

Area .............. 2,I49 sq. km.Population (X. I937) ..- - II3,o00The Islands under Japanese mandate belong to category " C" ofthe mandated territories, which are administered under the laws ofthe Mandatory as integral portions of its territory. According toArticle 4 of the mandate, the military training of the natives, other-wise than for purposes of internal police and the local defence of theterritory, is prohibited. Furthermore, no military or naval basescan be established or fortifications erected in the territory.The maintenance of peace and order in the territory is placedexclusively in the hands of the police.


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II. Navy.(1938 and 1939.)

LIST OF UNITS.(I938.)

Io capital ships (battleships) :Date (i) of Standard DimensionsNames of the ships launching; displace- (feet) Speed Armament 2 (number,(a) of entry H.P. s2) of entry ment Length H .P. (kts.) and calibre in inches)into service (tons) Beam Draught

i. Ncagato .. 1919I-20 700 8 VIII 16, XX 5.5, VIII2. MutU3 132,720-21 32, 95 80,000 23 5 (A.A.), VI tubes30 (21).3. Ise .. .. 1916-17~ 29, 683 XII 14, XVIII 5.5,4. Hysga .. 17-18 29,99 94 2 45,000 23 VIII 5 (A.A.), IVI281 tubes (21).5 Husd .. 1914-15 29,3 673 o,ooo 22 X II 14, XVI 6, VIII 56. Yamasiro .. 1915--17 ( 08 (A.A.), II tubes (2I).UO~Ha~r~cna9I5-I7 i 28j7. Kong6 .. 1912-13 704 (VIII I4, XVI 6, VIII8. Haruna .. 1913-15 29,330 924 64,000 26 5 (A.A.), IV tubes9. Kirisima .. I93-I5 271 (21).

_ _Hd__I2I4__9 92 64,000 26 (A.A.), IV 3 (A.A.).5 (+ i building 7) aircraft-carriers

!iryu I937- I06880 i lff(building) 6881 60,000 30 XII 5. (A.A.).6884

i. SoryI.. .. 1935-38 10,05o 68 6,000 30 X I 5 (A.A.).6 6005482. Ryazy6 .. I931-33 7,100 6o0 40,000 25 ' XII 5 (A.A.).'517633. Akagis .. I925-27 26,900 92 131,200 28.5 X 8, XII 4.7 (A.A.).21I

7154. Kaga.. .. I921-28 26,900 I02 9I,000 23 X 8, XII 4.7 (A.A.).211510

5. HIsy6 .. I921-22 7,470 62 30,000 25 IV 5.5, II 3 (A.A.).201

1 Four new battleships (of over 40,000 tons) are believed to have been laid down during I938-39.2 Guns and torpedo-tubes.3 Reconstructed I934-36.4 Haruna,Kirisiha:5 feet.5 Completely rebuilt, I935-37.0 Listed for training ship (de-militarised), is now being re-armed.Not including one unit (Koryu) believed to have been laid down in I938.8 Under refit i937.0 Refitted I935-36


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42 (+ 2 building) cruisers:- Date (I) of Standard DimensionsNames of the ships launching; displace- (feet) H.P. Speed Armamentl (number,(2) of entry ment Length (kts.) and calibre in inches)into service (tons) Beam Draught

ist-Class Cruisers.i. Atago .. 1I930-32 652. Takao .. 1930-32 50 I X 8, IV 4.7 (A.A.),. Takao .. 1930-32 9' 8 603. Ty6kai .. 93I-32^ -62j ^' ( VIII tubes (2i).4. aya .. 1930-325. Nati .. .. 1927-286. Mydk6 .. 1927-29 640 X 8, VIII 4.7 (A.A.),6. Myd~k6 i927-297. Asigarce .. 1928-2^9 10,000 621 I0O 33 VIII tubes (21).8. Hagusro .. I928-29 520. Aoba. . .. 1i926-27 9 7,00 59. Kinugasa .. 1926-27 595 VI 8, IV 4.7 (A.A.),i^ Aoba^. 126-27 X II tubes (21).141ii. Kako .. I925-26 595 VI 8, IV 4.7 (A.A.),12 . Hurutakac .. 1925-26 00 501 95,0 33 X II tubes (2i).I41357 I io, II 8, IV 6, IV23. Kasuga .. 1902-04 7,080 61 123,5o00 20 3, I3 (A.A.),IVtubes

251 (S8).4521 IV 8, VIII 6, IV 3,14. Aduma ;. 1899- 8,640 591 17,000 2 13 (A.A.), IV tubes.25 k434 IV 8, VIII 6, IV 3,i5. Yakumo .. 899- 9,00 641 I5,500 201 II tubes (i8).23 1

i6. Iwate .. 1900-0o1 43417. Idumo .. 6899-i900,o 68 V 3, IV tubes.

2nd-Class Cruisers.Tone.. .. 937- 8,500 6I41Tikuma .... 1938- 8,500 63 90,000 33 XII 6.i, VIII 5 (A.A.),(building) I41 XII tubes (21).i. Kumano .. 1936-37 63912. Mikumea .. 9439 XV 6. , VIII 5 (A.A.),-3:x9::34-3 5,500 59 9o0,000 333. Mogami I934-3o5 59 9,00O 33 X II tubes (2i).4. Suzuya .. 1934-375. ex Ning-Hai 293I- 32,500 9,500 221 VI 5, VI 3 3.5 (A.A.),6. ex Ping-Hai 932-36 3 I tubes()13 2,500 39 IV tubes (2 ).7. Naka .. 1925-25 535. Naka.. I925-25 53 5 VII 5.5 II 3 (A.A.),8. Zint .. 1923-25 5,195 461 70,000 33 VIII9. Sendai .. 1923-24 15 ft. 01I tubes 2in).io. Abukumna .. 1923-25ii. Kinus ... 1922-:22I2. Ysura .. . I.-922-23 57Q5i VII 5.5, II 3 (A.A.),23. Natori .. I922-22 5,70 46 70,00 33 VIII tubes (22).24. Nagara .. 192-22 15 ft. 1o 1n.15. Isuzu .. 1921-23i6. Kiso .. . 920-217. Kitakami .. 1920-21 535Vu T0 I~itaka~uti. I920--2I i 5,I00 1 535 1 VII 5.5, II 3, VIII18. Ooi .. .. 1920-21 5,100 461 70,000 33 V I)19. Tama .. 1920-21 51tubes (2).20. Kuma .. 1919-20

1 Guns and torpedo-tubes.2 Not induding 5 cruisers of 7,000 tons reported as being under construction.


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JAPAN 235

StandardDate of displace- Draught lip Speed Armament 2 (number,I ^ launching1 ment (feet) (kts.) and calibre in inches)ZU -(tons)ist-Class Submarines (cont.).

1,900 6,000 171i '9... 134 Y QQ 15 -1 15, VI tubes (21).

1,400 6,000 205 17I-175 .. 1934-37 13 - 1 4.7, VI tubes (21).91,400 6,000 20

3 168-I 7 .. 1933-34 13 14, VI tubes (21).1,955 6,000 17I 5 ..... 1931 ,- I5 -o o - 15 , VI tubes (21).2,500 i,800 91,638 6,ooo 19

3 165,66, 67.. 1931 6 I 4, VI tubes (21).2,100 91,955 6,ooo 174 I -4 . - . 1 924-28 isi-- II 5.5, VI tubes (21).2,48o I,800 91,635 6,00o0 1912 I 53-64 .. I. 1925-2.9 - 16 I 4.7, VIII tubes (2i).62,100 1,800 91,390 6,00o 19

I 152 .. .. 1922 -- 17 - - I 4.7, VIII tubes (21).2,000 i,8oo 91,390 5,200 17I 151 I....921 15 5,00 I 4.7, VIII tubes (21).2,000 -8001,142 2,400 144 1 21-24 .... I926-27 - 141 4 15.5, IV tubes (21).9470261 1,200 9.5

2nd-Class Submarines.700 2,600 i62 Ro. 33-34 .. I934-354 - 12 7 I3(A.A.),IVtubes(2i).988 2,400 i6

9 Ro. 60-68 .. 1923-27 I7O3 i,8oo To 3,VItubes (2).889-893 2,400 178 Ro. 51, 53-59.. 1920-23 ,082 3 1,200 7 l3(A.A.),Vltubes(i8). 5

746 2,600 163 Ro. 26-28 .. 1922-24 7i4 12 200 9 I 3 (A.A.),IVtubes(21).:,oo - - --o,200 9655 1,200 13

3 Ro. 30-32 .. I924-27 12 I 4, 3-pdr., IVtubes1,000 1,200 Io (21).

1 For 2nd class: date of completion.2 Guns and torpedo-tubes.*Three units have only VI tubes.4 Date of launching.* For four units ; the remaining four have IV tubes (21).


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SUMMARY TABLE OF NAVAL UNITS.(1938.)

Number Tonnage ArtilleryVessels Vessels Guns Torpedo-tubes

Type NumberIn ~ To - In Build- In . To-ser-S tal service ing Total ser- tal

Capitalships(battle-ships) io - io 291,570 - 291,570 16 - i6 16 36 - 3678 - 78 1496 - 96 676 - 76 5.576 8 76 54 - 4 3Aircraft-

carriers 5 i 6 78,420 I0,o5o 88,470 20 - 20 8 -4 - 4 5.5

24 12 36 524 - 24 4.72 2 3

Cruisers .. 42 2 44 280,145 17,000 297,145 I- I 10o 320 24 344122 - 122 860 24 84 6.152 - 52 6

124 - 124 5.532 i6 48 564 - 64 4.7

9 - 9 3.565 -- 65 3Destroyersand

torpedo-boats .. 130 8 138 157,926 4,760 162,686 306 - 306 5 789 24 813

267 24 291 4.7Submarines 62 8 70 80,284 16,ooo 96,284 16 - i6 5.5 356 - 356

2 -- 2 522 - 22 4.76 -- 6'4

22 - 22 3Total .. 249 19 268 888,345 47,810o 936,155 1,590 76 1,666 1,50 48 1,549

1 Not including guns under 3-inch.


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JAPAN 237

SUMMARY TABLE OF NAVAL UNITS.(I939)

Number Tonnage

Type ^^ ~ srin uild- Total In service Building Totalservice ingCapital ships (battleships) ... o I Io 291,570 - 291,570Aircraft carriers 5 2 7 78,420 20,100 98,520Cruisers. 43 44 288,645 8,500 297,145Destroyersandtorpedo-boats 136 io 146 170,926 8,760 279,686Submarines .59 16 75 76,863 28,000 04,863

253 29 282 906,424 65,36o 972,784

III. Budget Expenditure on National Defence.The financial year covers the period from April ist to March 3Ist.

i934-35 1935-36 1936-37' 1937-38 1938-39 1I939-40

Closed accounts EstimatesYen (ooo,ooo's)

Army :Ordinary 168.8 79.9 19.4 65.9Extraordinary . . 289.7 36.7 319.3 . 4009

Totalarmy .... .. .. - 458.5 496.6 5Io.7 591.4 566.8 1,000.4Navy:

Ordinary .199.4 216.5 236.4 . 294.1Extraordinary 283.9 3 I9.9 331.1 386.3

Totalnavy .... .. .. 483.3 536.4 5675 645.3 680.4 826.7Grand total: Army and navy.. 941.8 1,033.0 ,078.2 1,236.7 1,247.2 I,827.1

Index numbers of:Wholesale prices (i929/30=io00).. 84 88 98 114 120 126'Retail prices : Cost of living

(I929/30 00) .. .... 84 87 92 MoI Ii62

Average, April-May 1939.2Average, April 1938 to February i939.

The figures above do not include the special extraordinary credits occasionedby the North China events, amounting for 1937-38 to 2,559.9 million yen, for1938-39 to 4,850 million yen and for 1939-40 to 4,605 million yen, which arecovered by the yield of supplementary taxes, by the proceeds of loans, and for1938-39 and 1939-40 by transfers from the general budget (Ministry of Finance,351.9 and 535.2 million yen respectively).

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Japanese Army and Navy - 1940