Japan Japan and the Pacific Rimand the Pacific Rim

DevelopmentDevelopment

Industrial advancesIndustrial advances Agricultural advancesAgricultural advances Population growth (social stress)Population growth (social stress) Quick recovery from DepressionQuick recovery from Depression

• Export boomExport boom• Military buildupMilitary buildup

Self-sufficient in machine tools and Self-sufficient in machine tools and scientific equipmentscientific equipment

Political crisis/militarismPolitical crisis/militarism

Political experiments during 1920sPolitical experiments during 1920s Military leaders attempt to take more Military leaders attempt to take more

power-report only to emperorpower-report only to emperor Becomes military vs. civilian in power Becomes military vs. civilian in power

struggle for control of gov’tstruggle for control of gov’t Eventually, militarism winsEventually, militarism wins

Other areasOther areas

Korea: Japan abolished the Korean Korea: Japan abolished the Korean monarchy in 1909monarchy in 1909

Kept them as a colonyKept them as a colony• Suppressed Korean cultureSuppressed Korean culture• Used their resources Used their resources • Korean people were labor sourceKorean people were labor source

Advantages????? (later success)Advantages????? (later success) Singapore: major seaportSingapore: major seaport

• Occupied by Japan during WWIIOccupied by Japan during WWII

Post warPost war

Korea dividedKorea divided Taiwan under nationalistsTaiwan under nationalists Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaya Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaya

were independentwere independent

Japanese recoveryJapanese recovery Occupation until 1952Occupation until 1952 Selective westernizationSelective westernization Democratization, economic reformsDemocratization, economic reforms New constitutionNew constitution Emperor-symbolic figureheadEmperor-symbolic figurehead ““no” militaryno” military Multiparty democracyMultiparty democracy Educational emphasisEducational emphasis MeritocracyMeritocracy Traditional valuesTraditional values

KoreaKorea

Symptom of cold warSymptom of cold war June 1950-North attacks SouthJune 1950-North attacks South UN(US) supports South, sends troopsUN(US) supports South, sends troops Stalemate/armistice in 1953Stalemate/armistice in 1953 Still divided todayStill divided today South:”democratic” and authoritarianSouth:”democratic” and authoritarian North: communistNorth: communist

Taiwan, Hong Kong, SingaporeTaiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore

Taiwan: nationalists retreat thereTaiwan: nationalists retreat there• Authoritarian, problems with ChinaAuthoritarian, problems with China• Supported by USSupported by US

Hong Kong: British colony until 1997Hong Kong: British colony until 1997 Singapore: independence from Singapore: independence from

British in 1959British in 1959 All three somewhat stable with new All three somewhat stable with new

international influenceinternational influence

““Japan INC.”Japan INC.”

Conservative stabilityConservative stability Strong government cooperation with Strong government cooperation with

business!!!!business!!!! Kept important traditional ideasKept important traditional ideas

Economic growthEconomic growth

Government encouragementGovernment encouragement Educational expansionEducational expansion Foreign policy (no $ for defense)Foreign policy (no $ for defense) Labor policies:Labor policies:

• Lifetime employmentLifetime employment• Cooperation/collective decision makingCooperation/collective decision making

Family Life/SocietyFamily Life/Society

Women educated but still householdWomen educated but still household Group conformityGroup conformity Competition to achieveCompetition to achieve Western influenceWestern influence PollutionPollution Traditional identity?Traditional identity?

Korean “miracle”Korean “miracle”

Economic growthEconomic growth Cheap consumer goodsCheap consumer goods Huge industrial groups (Hyundai)Huge industrial groups (Hyundai) Population growth (high density)Population growth (high density)

Taiwan/SingaporeTaiwan/Singapore

Taiwan:Taiwan:• Economic growth (industry and agri.)Economic growth (industry and agri.)• US official commitment lessensUS official commitment lessens• Informal links with ChinaInformal links with China

Singapore:Singapore:• Tight controls over citizensTight controls over citizens• Large population in small spaceLarge population in small space• Politics-authoritarianPolitics-authoritarian• Economy-greatEconomy-great

Hong KongHong Kong

Major world portMajor world port International banking centerInternational banking center China promised to respect their free China promised to respect their free

market and democracymarket and democracy