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Experiences from the pilot project and further development
Yuko Yamashita 山下裕子
Engagement with PRTR bydifferent stakeholders
Period Stakeholders Engagement with PRTR
1994 -Japan Chemical Industry Association
・ Produced the manual to calculate the amount of chemical substances released to the environment
・ Started its own PRTR (continued to date)
Japan Paint Manufacturers Association;
Japan Printing Ink Makers Association
・ Produced the standard contents of paints
・ Produced the model contents of printing inks
1997 Nippon Keidanren ・ Started its own PRTR
1997 -Ministry of the Environment
・ Started the PRTR pilot project
Preparations for the pilot project( 1996 - 1997)
Working group name Main tasks Members
Technical study group To study the contents of other WGs
・ Academic experts・ Industrial organizations・ Local authorities・ NGOs
Technical WG To examine chemical substances, framework for industry types, information gathering
Release estimate manual WG
To produce the manual to estimate release
Researches on chemical substances used & produced WG
To analyze the data in order to determine the scope of application in terms of facility size and amounts of use & production
Data compilation and publication WG
To examine how to compile the reported data, how to publish data
Manual for Release Estimate Methods – Overview
Main items Contents
1 How to determine the reporting requirement for enterprises
・ Scope of applicability: Industry types, number of employees・ Use of materials potentially containing the chemical substances covered by PRTR・ Scope of applicability: Amount of chemical substances used & produced per year
2 Understanding the calculations for release/transfer amounts
・ Concept of release/transfer amounts・ Main calculation methods
3 How to calculate the amounts of release/transfer
・ How to determine the amount of materials used/produced・ How to calculate the amount of release/transfer; Detailed explanations
4 How to calculate; examples for typical processes
Examples of release calculations in typical processes (coating, printing, etc.)
5 Others ・ List of chemical substances covered by PRTR, other basic information useful for calculation
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
1 -
9
10 -
29
30 -
99
100
- 29
9
300
- 99
9
over
100
0No. of employees per facility
Use
& p
rodu
ctio
n am
ount
(nat
iona
l)(t/
y)
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
Cov
erag
e of
use
& p
rodu
ctio
nam
ount
(cu
mm
ulat
ive)
Use & productionamount (national)coverage
Setting the threshold for the amount of use & production
(Food industry)
Main issues during the pilot project・ Effectiveness of chemical substances covered by PRTR, capacity of enterprises to respond
・ Effectiveness of industry types covered by PRTR, effectiveness of threshold, capacity of enterprises to respond
・ Effectiveness of points of release/transfer determined by PRTR, further improvement
・ Problems of the manual for release estimate, further improvement
・ Points to be improved related to technical support
・ Points to be improved related to data compilation
Areas covered by the pilot project
FYNo. of local
authorities
Local authorities
(some parts of each)
Coverage out of Japan
Shipment price
(manufacturing)
Population
1997 3Kanagawa, Aichi, Kawasaki
7.2 % 2.5 %
1998 4 Kita-kyushu joined 8.1 % 3.4 %
1999 13Hokkaido, Miyagi, Tokyo joined
17.6 % 10.4 %
2000 30Ibaraki, Chiba, Nagano joined
20.4 % 15.6 %
2001 29( Local authorities not included in FY2000 ) 10.0 % 12.5 %
Trends of no. of facilities
FYNo. of
facilitiesNo. of
responses
No. of facilities which
reported release/transf
er
1997
1,818 943 502
1998
2,040 1,110 587
1999
8,425 5,009 1,891
2000
16,149 7,499 2,327
2001
11,602 4,761 1,474
Development of framework(Chemical substances, industry types)
FY No. of chemical substances covered
No. of industry types covered
1997 178 36 mainly manufacturing
1998 176 ※ Chemical substances no longer
produced were taken out
33 ※ General construction, road passenger
transport, etc. were taken out
1999 No change 42 ※ Mining, fuel retailing, automobile
repair, etc. joined ※ Building maintenance etc. was taken
out
2000 354 ※ Same as the chemical substances
covered by the PRTR law
45 ※ Practically no change
2001 No change No change
Trends of scope of application(Facility size, amount used & produced per year)
FY Facility size(No. of employees)
Amount used/produced per
year
Main reporting items
1997 100 or 30 ※ Depending on the
industry type
0.1 ton or 10 tons ※ Depending on
the toxicity
・ Basic information of the enterprise・ Shipment price of the products・ Amount of release/transfer according to media・ Calculation methods・ Destinations and types of waste
1998 No change No change ・ Amounts used/produced were added
1999 20 or moreAll industry types
No change ・ Individual names of chemical substances were added in addition to chemical groups
2000 21 or moreAll industry types
1 ton or 0.5 ton ・ No. of employees was added
2001 No change No change ※ Shipment price of the products, and destinations of waste were taken out
Reporting form
at of the pilot project (F
Y 98)
整 理 番 号 対 象 化 学 物 質 名
CAS No.
( ) kg/ ( ) kg/ (( )+( )) kg/生産量 ア 年 使用量 イ 年 取扱量 ア イ 年
(排出・移動量がゼロの場合は「0」と記入して下さい。)排 出 ・移 動 量
項 目 排 出 ・移 動 量 主 たる算 定 方 法 主 たる排 出 ・移 動 先( )①下 記 選 択 肢 の記 号 で記 入
(1)大 気 へ の排 出kg/年
(2)公 共 用 水 域 へ の排 出 河 川 又 はkg/年 海域名
(3)公 共 下 水 道 へ の排 出kg/年
(4)土 壌 へ の排 出kg/年
(5)廃棄物としての移動 都・道 ・府 ・県kg/年 市・区 ・町 ・村
廃棄物の種類・形態( )②下 記 選 択 肢 の記 号 で記 入
移動先での主な処分( )方 法 ③下 記 選 択 肢 の記 号 で記 入
(6)自 ら行 う廃 棄 物 のkg/管 理 型 埋 立 処 分 年
(7)リサイクル のためのkg/廃棄物移動 年
(8) (1) (7)~ の合 計kg/年
Amount used &produced
Survey items related to release/transfer(Extract from FY 1998 survey)
Item Amount of release/transfer
Main calculation methods
Main media of release
Release to the air kg/y
Release to the public waters
kg/y Name of the river/sea water
Transfer to sewage
kg/y
Release to the soil kg/y
Transfer as waste kg/y PrefectureCity
Controlled landfill of the waste
kg/y Type of waste
Transfer as waste for recycling
kg/y
Reporting items under the PRTR law
• Name, ID no. of the chemical substance• Amount of release (specify unit)
– To the air– To the public waters (specify names of river, lake, etc.)– To the soil within the site– Landfill after waste treatment within the site
• Amount of transfer (specify unit)– To the sewage– To others
Flowchart of the PRTR pilot project
GO
VE
RN
ME
NT
LO
CA
L A
UT
HO
RIT
IES
FAC
ILIT
IES
CO
NT
RA
CT
ED
R
ESE
AR
CH
INS
TIT
UT
ES
Send info Send info
Organize guidance meeting
Enquiry
EnquiryEnquiryEnquiry
Send compiled data
Send list of sites
Send data
Request for cross-check
Cross-check
Submit data
Check data
Rules of the PRTR law(Data submission via provinces)
Article 5. 3. The reports prescribed in the preceding
Paragraph … shall be submitted via the governors of the prefectures (i.e. local authorities) where the reporting businesses are located. The prefectural governors may add their opinions to the matters in such reports.
Manual for the operationsof the local authorities
Main contents
・ Preparation; providing information to facilities, preparations of materials
・ Data reception; checking formats, issuing certificates of reception
・ Checking the data; checking unusual data, requesting for correction
・ Transmission; sending the copies of reporting formats to the government
・ Forwarding requests from the government to the facilities
・ Others; procedures for data correction etc.
Main issues for implementing the pilot project and the PRTR law
• Reporting wrong data
→ Must correct when serious errors are found out
→ Important to gather experiences for checking unusual data
• Capacity for enterprises to respond
→ During the pilot project, reporting “unknown amount” was allowed. (Not allowed under the PRTR law)
→ Especially small and medium-sized enterprises need support
Main achievement of the pilot project I (Extract from the PRTR pilot project report 2001)
Finding out mistake patterns related to the reporting from facilities
Example 1: A facility reported a transfer of “vinyl chloride” by mistake. The mistake was found out because the type of waste was “waste plastics” and the amount was suspiciously large. Checking with the facility resulted in all polymers instead of vinyl chloride.
※ PRTR covers “vinyl chloride monomers” only
Main achievement of the pilot project IIProducing Q&A
< Example >Q: Do we report the metal compounds as the
compounds or do we have to convert them into other units?
A: Metal compounds should be converted into metal molecules. Their molecular contents are available in their MSDS. You should convert each molecule.
※ Necessary conversion tables are available in the manual.
Main achievement of the pilot project IIIRevising the Manual for release estimate
methods
→ Prioritizing small and medium-sized enterprises, and making it reader-friendly
→ Strengthening the resource materials useful for calculating the release amounts
Issue for the government I(Extract from the PRTR pilot project report 2001)
Providing information on PRTR ※ Only 18% of facilities “understood the PRTR well” including the PRTR law ※ Voluntary management of chemical substances cannot be promoted without understanding of the PRTR goals and purposes by the industries
Issue for the government II(Extract from the PRTR pilot project report 2001)
Support for small and medium-sized enterprises ※ Support to prevent wrong data reporting
※ Support to set up a mechanism for facilities to integrate the PRTR-related works within the daily works of MSDS and log books
Issue for the government III(Extract from the PRTR pilot project report 2001)
Strengthening the manual for release estimate ※ Strengthening the resource data (e.g. emission factors) useful for calculation ※ Providing information on the manuals produced by industry organizations which contain model release calculations typical to the respective industry.
Main revisions of the PRTR law (October 2009)(Examples)
Revised item Present After revision
No. of chemical substances covered by PRTR
354 462 ※ Taking out the pesticides which
have the registration periods already expired.
※ Adding the chemical substances which increased in production
※ Adding methyl naphtalene, Morpholine etc.
※ Other changes
No. of industry types covered by PRTR
45 Adding medical industry
Data publishing Compiled data only
All individual data
Examination to add industry typesIndustry types
(example candidates)
Estimated amount of
release (t/y)
Situations of use/production of chemical substances
Construction 54,900 Main activities are out of “facilities,” difficult to identify the place of release
Agriculture 36,900 Facility sizes are small
Fishery 2,300 Facility sizes are small
Building maintenance
2,000 Amount of use per facility is small
Aquaculture 1,800 Facility sizes are small
Timber tracts 300 Facility sizes are small
Medical 200 Uses highly hazardous chemical substances (e.g. ethylene oxide)