8/10/2019 jan2014-article2

1/4

Indian Journalof Comprehensive

Dental CareEFFECT OF PRETREATMENT WITH GRAPE SEED

EXTRACT ON THE BOND STRENGTH OF SELF

ETCH ADHESIVE

ABSTRACT

Aim:The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of grape seed

extract on the bond strength of a self-etch adhesive (All Bond SE ) with dentin.

Material and methods:Sixty extracted sound premolar teeth were taken for

this study. Class I occlusal cavity of dimensions 3 X 2 X 2.5 mm was prepared in

each tooth. They were divided into two groups- Group I in which self etch

adhesive (ALL Bond SE) was applied and Group II in which pretreatment with

grape seed extract was done prior to application of ALL Bond SE. Then all the

teeth were restored with posterior hybrid composite and were subsequentlymounted in uniform acrylic blocks. Tensile bond strength values of all the teeth

were computed by subjecting them to Universal Testing Machine, Instron

(Model LR 100,1998,Lloyds,U.K.).

Result: The mean tensile bond strength values for group I (All Bond SE without

pretreatment with grape seed extract) and group II ( pretreatment with grape

seed extract) were 8.9MPa and 11.4MPa respectively. Mean tensile bond

strength of Group II is significantly higher than Group I.

Conclusion:Pretreatment with grape seed extract leads to significant increase

in the bond strength of composite with dentin.

Keywords: grape seed extract, self etch adhesive, tensile bond strength, dentin.

15

Corresponding author:Name : Dr. Rupam KaurAddress: Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciences andResearch, Amritsar.

(M) 8283825654

e-mail: rupamvirk@gmail.com

1. Senior Lecturer, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciencesand Research, Amritsar.

2. Prof Head and Principal, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of DentalSciences and Research, Amritsar.

3. Professor, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciences andResearch, Amritsar.

4 Reader Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciences andResearch, Amritsar.

5. Reader, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciences and

Research, Amritsar.

INTRODUCTION collagen, mostly by changes in the amount of cross-links,

provides the collagen matrix with enhanced mechanicalAdhesive restorations are routinely used to replace the lostproperties and lower rates of degradation.dental tissue. Achievement of an efficient and stable bond

between composite and dentin still remains a challenge in Several synthetic collagen cross-linkers (Glutaraldehyde,1

restorative dentistry . The bonded interface formed by a Carbodiimide, formaldehyde and epoxy resins) have been

mixture of dentin organic matrix, residual hydroxyapatite investigated to improve on the mechanical properties of

crystallites, resin monomers and solvents, is the weakest dentin and the resin-dentin interface.The major drawback

area of adhesive restorations. Deterioration of the dentin with these are they are toxic to the tissues. Though they

collagen fibrils has been suggested as a possible tend to improve the bond strength of dentin initially ,it2

deteriorates after some months and these agents cannotmechanism responsible for adhesive bonds degradation .

be permanently incorporated inside the tooth. Therefore aFibrillar type I collagen accounts for 90% of the dentin

more biomimetic approach for treating the dental tissuesorganic matrix while the remaining 10% consists of non-

was required.collagenous proteins such as phosphoproteins and

3 Naturally occurring grape seed extract (primarilyproteoglycans . Lower biodegradation rates and high

composed of proanthocyanidins) has lately been used tomechanical properties of collagen are desirable for4

induce exogenous cross-links of collagen . Since then veryrestorative dentistry procedures. Biomo dification of the

Indian Journal of Comprehensive Dental Care

JAN - JUNE 2014 VOL 4 ISSUE 1

I J C D C

1. Rupam Kaur2. C.S. Bal

3. Rajesh Khanna

4. Kanwalpreet Kaur Bhullar

5. Shantun Malhotra

8/10/2019 jan2014-article2

2/4

Indian Journal of Comprehensive Dental Care 16

few studies have been done to find the role of grape seed application of ALL Bond SE.

extract in improving the bonding characteristics of dental Class I occlusal cavity of dimensions 3 X 2 X 2.5 mm wasadhesives. The aim of the present study is to determine the prepared in each tooth. In Group I after the cavityeffect of grape seed extract on the bond strength of a preparation, it was thoroughly rinsed and excess moisturepopular ly used se l f-etch adhesive (Al l Bond was blotted with damp cotton to leave glistening dentinSE ) with dentin. surface. Equal drops of All-Bond SE parts 1 and 2 were

MATERIAL AND METHODS dispensed into a mixing well and mixed using a brush until it

was uniformly pink. Two coats of ALL Bond SE were appliedThe present in vitro study was conducted in the departmentto the dry preparation and agitated for 10 seconds. Gentlyof Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Guru Ramand thoroughly, it was air dried until there was no visibleDas Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Sri Amritsar.movement of the material. If the surface did not appearSixty sound extracted premolar teeth (devoid of any caries,shiny, additional coats of ALL-Bond SE were applied. It wasattrition, abrasion, erosion, fracture or any discoloration)then light cured for 10 seconds. To increase the long termwere obtained from the patients visiting the department ofstability of the bond, ALL- Bond SE liner was applied in aoral and maxillofacial surgery of Sri Guru Ram Das Institutelayer less than 1mm and light cured for 10 secs. After theof Dental Sciences and Research, Sri Amritsar. Teeth wereresin was cured , two increments of posterior hybriddivided into two groups: Group I in which self etch adhesivecomposite were inserted and each layer was polymerized(ALL Bond SE) was applied and Group II in whichfor 20 seconds and final curing for another 40 seconds.

pretreatment with grape seed extract was done prior to

Table No. I showing the tensile Bond

strength values in MPa (All Bond SE)

Table No. II showing the tensile bond strength values in MPa for Group II

(All Bond SE with Grape seed extract)

Sample No. All Bond SE

1. 9.24

2. 10.16

3. 7.8

4. 8.1

5. 8.2

6. 9.4

7. 10

8. 8.29. 7.6

10. 11.05

11. 7.8

12. 9.08

13. 10.04

14. 8.12

15. 8.85

16. 9.22

17. 10.14

18. 7.6

19. 8.3

20. 8.0

21. 9.222. 9.9

23. 8.4

24. 11.09

25. 7.6

26. 8.14

27. 8.83

28. 10.2

29. 7.44

30. 8.45

Sample No. All BondSE with graphseed extract

1. 11.42

2. 13.56

3. 10.91

4. 11.46

5. 12.22

6. 13.617. 9.78

8. 12.02

9. 11.63

10. 10.92

11. 14.38

12. 8.87

13. 11.68

14. 11.99

15. 10.46

16. 11.21

17. 12.11

18. 10.91

19. 11.6020. 10.83

21. 11.11

22. 12.08

23. 8.19

24. 12.06

25. 7.85

26. 11.16

27. 12.19

28. 12.51

29. 11.27

30. 11.93

8/10/2019 jan2014-article2

3/4

Indian Journal of Comprehensive Dental Care 17

Table No. III Comparative mean tensile strength values in MPa and standard

deviation for Group I (All Bond SE) and Group II (All Bond SE with grape seed extract)

GROUP

N Mean Standarddeviation

95%Confidenceinterval forMean

Range Mean Difference

tvalue

P value

Lower

Bound

Upper

Bound

Minimum

Maximu

m

AllBondSE

30

8.887

1.076

8.485

9.289

7.44

11.09

2.525

7.801

8/10/2019 jan2014-article2

4/4

Indian Journal of Comprehensive Dental Care 18

grape seed extract so that it remains in the hybrid layer for dentin bonding with the use of grape seed extract

extended period of time, enhancing the degree of collagen REFERENCEScross linking.The mean tensile bond strength values for

1. Breschi L, Mazzoni A, Ruggeri A, Cadenaro M, DiGroup II ( pretreatment with grape seed extract) were

Lenarda R, De Stefano Dorigo E Dental adhesionsignificantly higher than Group I (All Bond SE without

review: aging and stability of the bonded interface.pretreatment with grape seed extract) and these were

Dent Mater 2008; 24(1): 90-101.8.9MPa and 11.4MPa respectively.These results are in

2. Hashimoto M, Ohno H, Sano H, Kaga M, Oguchi H Inconcurrence with another study in which treatment withvitro degradation of resin-dentin bonds analysed by6.5% grape seed extract lead to significantly higher mean

microtensile bond test, scanning and transmissionmicrotensile bond strength as compared to the no5 electron microscopy. Biomaterials 2003; 24(21): 3795-treatment group . In a similar study to assess the bond

803.strength of 1 hour grape seed extract treated dentin

restored with 2 commercial adhesive systems (Single bond 3. Embery G, Hall R, Waddington R, Septier D, Goldberg M.and One step), 6.5% grape seed extract treatment produced Proteoglycans in dentinogenesis. Crit Rev Oral Biol Medthe highest bond strength values that were statistically 2001; 12(4): 331-49.

6higher than the control group .

4. Han B , Jau r eq u i J , Tan g BW, N imni METhe increase in bond strength may be attributed to Proanthocyanidin : a natural crosslinking reagent forimproved dentin collagen stability, due to the higher stabilizing collagen matrices. J Biomed mater Res A

7

number of collagen cross-links .Grape seed extract is 2003; 65: 118-124.composed mainly of proanthocyanidin, a naturally

5. Macedo GV, Yamuchi M, Bedran-Russo AK Effect ofoccurring cross-linking agent.The 4 proposed mechanisms

Chemical Cross-Linkers on Caries-affected Dentinfor interaction between proanthocyanidin and protein

Bonding. J Dent Res 2009; 88(12): 1096-1100.include covalent, ionic, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic

6. Castellan CS, Pereira PN, Grande RHM Mechanicalinteractions. Based on amino acid analysis, it is likely that

characterization of proanthocyanidins-dentin matrixgrape seed extract induces cross links via a mechanism, in8 interaction. Dental Mater. 2010; 26(10): 968-973.which Lysine and Hydroxylysine are involved . Amino acid

analysis indicated that cross-links induced by grape seed 7. Bedran-Russo AK, Pereira PN, Duarte WR, Drummond

extract-induced cross-links JL, Yamauchi M Application of crosslinkers to dentin

collagen enhances the ultimate tensile strength. JAlso the tests performed to check the digestibility ofBiomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2007; 80: 268-272.collagen using the collagenase enzyme revealed that dentin

treated with grape seed extract was significantly less 8. Ritter AV, Swift Ej Jr, Yamauci M Effects of phosphoric

susceptible to enzymatic digestion as compared to the acid and glutaraldehyde-HEMA on dentin collagen. Eur

control. The increased resistance to degradation may be J Oral Sci 2001; 109: 348-353.

attributed to masking of the recognition site by the cross-9. Charulatha V, Rajaram A Influence of different

links, or to the retention of the cleaved peptide fragmentscrosslinking treatments on the physical properties of

by the newly formed cross-links, or to other, unknown,collagen membranes. Biomaterials 2003; 24: 759-767.

9mechanisms .

CONCLUSION

Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it was

concludedthat the application of grape seed extract to

dentin significantly improved the tensile bond strength todentin.The results of this study may provide insights into the

development of novel strategies for efficient and stable