Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 1

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

Submission Title: [Chaotic Pulse Based Communication System Proposal]Date Submitted: [4 January, 2005]Source: [Hyung Soo Lee (1), Cheol Hyo Lee (1), Dong Jo Park (2), Dan Keun Sung (2), Sung Yoon Jung (2), Chang Yong Jung (2), Joon Yong Lee (3)] Company [(1) Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) (2) Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technologies (KAIST) (3) Handong Global University (HGU)]Address [(1) 161 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (2) 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (3) Heunghae-eup, Buk-gu, Pohang, Republic of Korea]Voice:[(1) +82 42 860 5625, (2) +82 42 869 5438, (3) +82 54 260 1931], FAX: [(2) +82 42 869 8038]E-Mail: [(1) hsulee@etri.re.kr, (2) syjung@kaist.ac.kr, (3) joonlee@handong.edu]Abstract: [The Chaotic Communication System is proposed for the alternative PHY for 802.15.4a] Purpose: [This submission is in response to the committee’s request to submit the proposal enabled by an alternate 802.15 TG4a PHY]Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 2

CFP Presentation for IEEE 802.15.4aAlternative PHY

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI)Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technologies (KAIST)

Handong Global University (HGU)Republic of Korea

Chaotic Pulse Based Communication System Proposal

Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 3

Contents

• Band Plan• Chaotic Pulse• PHY Layer Proposal• System Performance• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOPs)• Link Budget & Sensitivity• Ranging

Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 4

Band Plan• Bandwidth : Two bands

- Low band (3.1 to 4.9 GHz) : Mandatory band- High band (5.825 to 10.6 GHz) : for future use

Low band

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

High band

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 5

Chaotic Pulse• Large base signal [base=2*bandwidth*duration]• Flexible bandwidth and signal duration• Low cost implementation

Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 6

Modulation Scheme• Multi-coded Pulse Position Modulation (MC-

PPM)• It is power efficient scheme• It has inherent coding gain due to orthogonal multi-

codes• It can support wide pulse spacing in same data rate

condition• Less multipath interference between pulses• Good for non-coherent energy detection

• No dynamic threshold problem• Disadvantage in On-Off Keying (OOK) based on non-coherent

energy detection

Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 7

Multi-Coded PPM (MC-PPM)• Operation example (L=3, Ns=4)

* Ref : 15-04-0485-04-004a-multi-coded-bi-orthogonal-ppm-mc-bppm-based-impulse-radio-technology

Modulation

MC-PPM Signal :

Data block( L bits )Ex. L=3

Orthogonal code set( Code Length : Ns )

Ex. Ns=4

Multi-coded symbol( Code rate : L/Ns )Ex. Code rate = 3/4

1

-1

1

1-1-11

-1-111

-11-11

1-1-11

11-1-1

-11-11

11-31

1 -3 1 1

Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 8

1 2 rN

sN

: # of Repetitions

: Orthogonal Code length

sT

cT1L

1 2 sN

12 1L : Position number for MC-PPMmT

rN

gT gT gT

dT

...

...

...

Data Frame Structure• Frame structure of PPDU• 1 data block (L data) interval of PSDU :

Preamble SFD PHR PSDU

s

r

m

c

s

g

d

LNNTTTT

T

: # of bits per data block: Orthogonal code length: # of repetitions: Pulse bin width (duration)

: Total transmit time duration of a data block: Guard time for processing delay

: Multi-coded chip duration: Multi-coded symbol duration

4 1 1 32

( ), , ( 1)d r s g s s c c mT N T T T N T T L T

Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 9

• Transmitter

• Receiver

Transceiver Architecture

1 2T

Lb b b b 1 2 s

T

Nd d d d

1 2, , , Lc c cd C b

( )r tData Modulator MC-PPM Channel

Data EncoderOrthogonalMulti-code

Data

PulseGenerator

1 2T

Lb b b b 1 2, , , Lc c c

Tb C d

1 2 s

T

Nd d d d

( )r tData DecoderOrthogonalMulti-code

DataDeModulator MC-PPM

DataEnergyDetector

LocationDetector

Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 10

• Flexible data rates can be supported according to several design parameter (Tm, L, Ns, Nr, Tg)

PHY-SAP Data Rates

Tp Tm L Ns Nr TgDataRate

20ns 200ns 1 16 128 0ns 1.190 kbps

20ns 200ns 3 16 1 0ns 228 kbps

20ns 200ns 3 8 1 0ns 457 kbps

20ns 200ns 1 1 1 0ns 2.44 Mbps

20pT ns

200mT ns

Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 11

Data Throughput

• Transmission time (ttx) & Data throughput (Rth) • For L=3, Ns=8, Nr=1,Tg=0ns (457kbps)

• ttx = tlong_frame + tACK + tACK_frame + LIFS • = 614.4 u + 25.6 u + 187.7 u + 85.3 u = 913 u• Rth = 32×8 / 913u ≈ 280.3 kbps ( Nominal throughput based on 32 bytes payload )

• For L=3, Ns=16, Nr=1,Tg=0ns (228kbps)• ttx = tlong_frame + tACK + tACK_frame + LIFS • = 1228.8 u + 51.2 u + 375.5 u + 170.7 u = 1826.2 u• Rth = 32×8 / 1826.2 u ≈ 140.2 kbps ( Nominal throughput based on 32 bytes payload )

LIFStACKtlong_frame tACK_frame

∙∙∙∙ ∙∙∙∙ ∙∙∙∙

ttx

Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 12

Comments on 1kbps PHY-SAP Data Rate• Burst Transmission Scheme << Example >>

• L=3, Ns=8, Nr=1,Tg=0ns (457kbps)

• L=3, Ns=16, Nr=1,Tg=0ns

(228kbps)

, ,

,

, ,

=

[( 1) ] 6.4

467

d d on d off

d on r s m g

d off d on

T T T

T N L N T T s

T T

, ,

,

, ,

=

[( 1) ] 12.8

233

d d on d off

d on r s m g

d off d on

T T T

T N L N T T s

T T

,d onT ,d offT

dT

,d onT ,d offT

dT

32*8/3Data Blocks

1 Packet Time Duration

Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 13

• Energy detection based acquisition • Acquisition should be performed in order to make

synchronization and demodulate data• Procedure

• If the output of energy detector exceeds the threshold level, we think that the signal is acquired.

• Threshold level for acquisition• Determined relative to estimated noise level

Signal Acquisition

Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 14

• Non-coherent Synchronization Procedure• Assume Nint square-law integrator• Divide Tm time into total Nint time slots (each time slot contains Tm / Nint time)

Synchronization

2( )sT

sTmT

synct

,1s m s mt nT t nT

,2 /s m s m mt nT t nT T N

, ( 1) /s N m s m mt nT t nT N T N

sT

preamble preamble preamble tx. periodthn

( 1) preamble tx. periodthn

int int2 2: Sync. Resolution Range

m msync s sync

T Tt t t

N N

t_s : sync. starting pointt_sync : exact sync. point

Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 15

• Non-coherent Synchronization Procedure• The output value of n-th square-law integrator

• Estimated synchronization point

Synchronization

,

,

1

, int0

2,

( 1, )

( )

( ) : received preamble signal

s k b s

s k b

N

k k nn

t nT T

k n t nT

ED ed k N

ed r t dt

r t

int

int

1,

ˆ ( 1)

arg max ( )

bsync s

kk N

Tt t kN

k ED

Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 16

• BER & PER• L=3, Ns=8,Nr=1 (457kbps PHY-SAP data rate)

MC-PPM Performance : AWGN

Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 17

• BER & PER• L=3, Ns=8,Nr=1

MC-PPM Performance : 4a Channel Models

Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 18

• System Parameters• Chaotic Pulse [BW=1.8GHz(3.1G-4.9GHz), Tp=20ns]• Preamble Length

• 4 bytes (32 preamble symbols) • Tm=200ns, Ts=100ns (5 chaotic pulses of duration 20ns)• Preamble Time Duration = 32 symbols*200ns=6.4us

• Num. of Integrator (Nint) = 10• Assume that only 5 Integrator are implemented in HW• Actual Preamble Length = 32 Symbols/(Nint/5)=16 Symbols

• Sync. Resolution Range = [-10ns, 10ns]• Threshold level for acquisition

• Determined relative to the estimated noise level

Acquisition & Synchronization Parameters

Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 19

• Comments• Acquisition performance is dependent on threshold level

Acquisition Performance : AWGN

Env.Dist.

Miss Detection Probability(%)

10m ≈0%

30m 0.1%

Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 20

• Comments• Signal acquisition is assumed • Performance depends on Sync. Resolution Range

Synchronization Performance

Env.Dist.

AWGNIndustrial

NLOS(CM8)

Residential LOS

(CM1)

Outdoor LOS(CM5)

10m 99% 74% 74% 74%

30m 99% 72% 73% 73%

Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 21

• Time Division• Operating bandwidth

• 3.1-4.9 GHz can be fully used (Chaotic pulse)• Configuration of SOPs

• Self configuration of SOPs is possible

SOPs

Piconet #1

Active Inactive

Piconet #2

Piconet #3

Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 22

Self Configuration of SOP

• Passive Scan• Repeat scaning one channel

(3.1-4.9 GHz)• Usage

• Starting a new piconet (FFD)• Association (FFD or RFD)

Device MAC

Coordinator MAC

Device higher layer

MLME-SCAN.request

MLME-SCAN.confirm

ScanDuration

Beacon

Coordinator MAC

Beacon

ScanDuration

Beacon

Beacon

Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 23

Link Budget & SensitivityParameter (mandatory)

Value at d=30m(mandatory)

Value at d=10mpeak payload bit rate (457kb/s) [ L=3,Ns=8,Nr=1] (457kb/s) [ L=3,Ns=8,Nr=1]

Average Tx power -8.75 (dBm) -8.75 (dBm)

Tx antenna gain 0 (dBi) 0 (dBi)

geometric center frequency of waveform 3.90 (GHz) 3.90 (GHz)

Path loss at 1 meter 44.5dB 44.5dB

Path loss at d m 29.54 dB at d =30m 20 dB at d =10m

Rx antenna gain 0 (dBi) 0 (dBi)

Rx power -82.55 (dBm) -73.01 (dBm)

Average noise power per bit -117.4 (dBm) -117.4 (dBm)

Rx Noise Figure 7 (dB) 7 (dB)

Average noise power per bit -110.4(dBm) -110.4(dBm)

Minimum Eb/N0 (S) [Ep/N0] 20 (dB) 20 (dB)

Implementation Loss (I) 5 (dB) 5 (dB)

Link Margin 2.85(dB) 12.39(dB)

Proposed Min. Rx Sensitivity Level -85.4(dBm) -85.4(dBm)

Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 24

Ranging Scheme

• TOA/TWR (Two Way Ranging)– Measurement of Tround_trip

Packet 1Node 1

Node 2t1

t0

t2

t3

Tprocessing time

Tpropagation2

Packet 2

Packet 1 Packet 2Tpropagation1

Tround trip

Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 25

Ranging Algorithm• Procedure (Algorithm)

• Search for the 1st level-crossing point at the threshold level in negative direction from the initial lock point

• References:• Joon-Yong Lee and Robert A. Scholtz, "Ranging in a dense multipath environment using an UWB radio

link" , IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol.20, no.9, pp.1677 - 1683, Dec. 2002• Robert A. Scholtz and Joon-Yong Lee, "Problems in modeling UWB channels", 36'th Asilomar

Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers, Nov. 2002

search for the 1st level-crossing point

length of search region

Potential lock point (peak)

threshold levelsignal leading edge

time (ns)

enve

lope

det

ecto

r out

put

Jan. 2005

H. Lee, C. Lee, D. Park, D. Sung, S. Jung and C. Jung, J. Lee

doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0010-03-004a

Submission

Slide 26

Ranging Performance• Performance

• 802.15.4a channel (cm4)• Single user• No narrowband interference• Pulse width = 20ns• Integration time = 2ns• Pulse repetition period =

200ns• Length of search region = 40ns• Threshold level was

determined relative to noise floor

• A separate envelope detector for range estimation was employed