JAMSHEDPUR WOMEN’S COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY · JAMSHEDPUR WOMEN’S COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY B.Sc. BOTANY (HONS.) ... There shall be three parts in B.Sc. general course

JAMSHEDPUR WOMEN’S COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

B.Sc. BOTANY (HONS.)

There shall be six semesters in B.Sc. Hons. Course, two semesters per annum. Each semester (SEM I to SEM IV) will carry 200 marks divided into TWO THEORY Papers and ONE PRACTICAL (75+75+50). The Theory Papers will have 60 marks for written Exams, 15 marks for internal assessment.

B.Sc. part III (SEM V and SEM VI) will have THREE THEORY Papers and ONE PRACTICAL Paper, each carrying 100 marks. The theory papers will have 80 marks for written Exams and 20 marks for internal assessment. Practical Marks in this year shall include Project based on Field work and Seminars.

B.Sc. (HONS.) PART I

SEMESTER I PAPER I (Theory)

Algae, Fungi and Bryophytes

Full Marks 75 (60+15)

PAPER II (Theory)

Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Palaeobotany


PAPER III (Practical)

Full Marks 50

TOTAL = 200

SEMESTER II PAPER IV (Theory)

Microbiology


PAPER V (Theory)

Plant Pathology


PAPER VI (Practical)

Full Marks 50

TOTAL = 200

B.Sc. (HONS.) PART II

SEMESTER III PAPER VII (Theory)

Taxonomy and Economic Botany


PAPER VIII (Theory)

Embryology and Tissue Culture


PAPER IX (Practical)

Full Marks 50

TOTAL = 200

SEMESTER IV PAPER X (Theory)

Anatomy


PAPER XI (Theory)

Cytology


PAPER XII (Practical)

Full Marks 50

TOTAL = 200

B.Sc. (HONS.) PART III

SEMESTER V PAPER XIII (Theory)

Plant Physiology


PAPER XIV (Theory)

Cytogenetics


PAPER XV (Theory)

Ecology


PAPER XVI (Practical)

Full Marks 100

TOTAL = 400

SEMESTER VI PAPER XVII (Theory)

Plant Biochemistry


PAPER XVIII (Theory)

Molecular Biology


PAPER XIX (Theory)

Environmental Biology


PAPER XX (Practical)

Full Marks 100

TOTAL = 400

TOTAL MARKS IN B.Sc. BOTANY HONS. PART I, II and III = 1600

B.Sc. BOTANY (GENERAL/SUBSIDIARY)

There shall be three parts in B.Sc. general course each having TWO SEMESTERS. In Semester I, II, III and IV there will be only ONE PAPER of 100 marks each which is divisible into a THEORY part of 75 marks and a PRACTICAL part of 25 marks.

If general exists the semesters in Part III will be of 100 marks: a THEORY paper of 75 marks and a PRACTICAL paper of 25 marks.

B.Sc. (SUB/GEN) PART I


Microbiology and Cryptogams

Full Marks 75

PAPER II (Practical)

Full Marks 25

TOTAL = 100

SEMESTER II PAPER III (Theory)

Phanerogams

Full Marks 75

PAPER IV (Practical)

Full Marks 25

TOTAL = 100

B.Sc. (SUB/GEN) PART II

SEMESTER III PAPER V (Theory)

Plant physiology and Biochemistry, Growth, Development and

Biotechnology

Full Marks 75

PAPER VI (Practical)

Full Marks 25

TOTAL = 100

SEMESTER IV PAPER VII (Theory)

Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology, Environmental

Biology and Economic Botany

Full Marks 75

PAPER VIII (Practical)

Full Marks 25

Total = 100

B.Sc. (SUB/GEN) PART III

SEMESTER V PAPER IX (Theory)

Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology

Full Marks 75

PAPER X (Practical)

Full Marks 25

TOTAL = 100

SEMESTER VI PAPER XI (Theory)

Environmental Biology and Economic Botany

Full Marks 75

PAPER XII (Practical)

Full Marks 25

TOTAL = 100

TOTAL MARKS FOR BOTANY SUBSIDIARY/GENERAL PART I, II and III = 600

M.Sc. in Botany

There shall be two academic years in one complete session of M.Sc. Each academic year will have TWO Semesters. Each Semester will have four Theory Papers of 100 marks each and two practical Papers of 100 mark each. In fourth Semester, instead of two practical Papers, there will be one Practical and one Dissertation of 100 marks each.

Each Theory paper will have 80 marks for examination and 20 marks for internal assessment. The pass marks will be 45 in each paper. The total marks for M.Sc. (all four semesters included) should be 2400.

M.Sc. BOTANY PART I


Microbiology

Full marks 100 (80+20)

PAPER II (Theory)

Fungi and Algae


PAPER III (Theory)

Bryophytes and Pteridophytes


PAPER IV (Theory)

Gymnosperms


PAPER V

Practical

Full Marks 100

PAPER VI

Practical

Full Marks 100

SEMESTER II PAPER VII (Theory)

Cell biology and Genetics


PAPER VIII (Theory)

Molecular Biology


PAPER IX (Theory)

Taxonomy


PAPER X (Theory)

Ecology

PAPER XI

Practical

Full Marks 100

PAPER XII

Practical

Full Marks 100

TOTAL = 1200

M.Sc. BOTANY PART II

SEMESTER III PAPER XIII (Theory)

Embryology and Anatomy


PAPER XIV (Theory)

Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology and Plant Tissue

Culture


PAPER XV (Theory)

Plant Physiology and Metabolism


PAPER XVI

Plant Biochemistry

PAPER XVII

Practical

Full Marks 100

PAPER XVIII

Practical

Full Marks 100

SEMESTER IV PAPER XIX (Theory)

Environmental Biology


PAPER XX (Theory)

Plant Resource utilization, Biostatistics and Biodiversity

Conservation


PAPER XXI (Theory)

Special Paper I

PAPER XXII (Theory)

Special Paper II

PAPER XXIII

Practical

Full Marks 100

PAPER XXIV

Project

Full marks 100

TOTAL MARKS=1200

Total Marks for M.Sc. part I and II = 2400

B.Sc. (Botany Hons.) PART I

FIRST SEMESTER

PAPER I

ALGAE, FUNGI AND BRYOPHYTES

1. General characters & classification of Algae up to order 02

2. General characters & classification of Fungi up to orders 02

3. Structure, life history & evolutionary 02

Affinities of the following genera;

(a). ALGAE: Nostoc,Spirulina,Chlamydomonas,Volvox

Oedogonium, Chara, Vaucheria,Sargassum,

Batrachospermum 12

(b) FUNGI: Albugo,Erysiphe, Peziza,Ustilago,Agaricus Alternaria, Cercospora, mushroom cultivation 12

(c) LICHEN: General account, classification, & economic importance 02

4. Structure, life history, affinities & importance of the genera mentioned below:

(a) BRYOPHYTA:Riccia, Marchantia, Anthoceros, Sphagnum, Funaria 16 Total lectures 48 PAPER II

PTERIDOPHYTES, GYMNOSPERMS AND FOSSILS GROUP -- A

1. Structure, life history, affinities & importance of the genera mentioned below: PTERIDOPHYTA: Selaginella, Equisetum, Ophioglossum, Marsilea, Pteris 16

2. Comparative study of the morphological, anatomical, reproductive features of the following genera Pinus, Taxus, Ginkgo, and Gnetum. 20

GROUP –B

3. Palaeobotany: a. A brief idea about geological era 02 b. Definition of fossil, process and conditions of fossilization 04 c. Fossil Pteridophytes: Rhynia, Lepidodendron, Calamites 06

d. Detailed study of Lyginopteris and Cycadeoidea 06

Total lectures 54

PAPER III

PRACTICAL

SECOND SEMESTER

PAPER IV

MICROBIOLOGY

1. Discovery of microorganisms; systematic positions of micro organisms in 05

Biological world, classification of microorganisms & characteristics of different

Groups.

2. Methods in micro-biology: basic principles of microscopy, micrometry, staining, 05 Sterilization, methods, culture media, pure culture method, methods for population

Estimation

3. Modern concept about bacterial cell structure 04

4. Bacterial reproduction; transformation, transduction, conjugation 06

5. Structure & nature of TMV& Bacteriophage, & their replication 04

6. Role of microbes in nitrogen fixation; organic matter decomposition 06

7. Industrial importance of microorganism 06

8. General account of Mycoplasma & diseases caused by them 04

Total lectures 40

PAPER V

PLANT PATHOLOGY

1. General account of plant pathology and brief idea about Pathogenesis, Enzymes and Toxins, Alteration of Physiological functions due to Plant Pathogen Interaction. 06

2. Etiology, symptoms & control of the following diseases:

1. Late Blight of Potato 02

2. Loose Smut of Wheat 02

3. Rust of Linseed 02

4. Red Rot of Sugarcane 02

5. Wilt of Tomato 02

6. Citrus canker (Xanthomonas campestris pv. Citri) 02

7. Bacterial blight of paddy (Xanthomonas compestris pv oryzae) 02

8. Tundu disease of Wheat 02

9. Little leaf of brinjal 02

10. Mosaic of tobacco 02

3. Pathogen attack& defense mechanisms: physical, physiological 08

Biochemical& molecular aspects

3. Plant disease management: chemical, biological and Biotechnological with emphasis on

Development of Transgenics, biopesticides . 08

Total lectures 42

PAPER VI

PRACTICALS

B.Sc PART II

THIRD SEMESTER

PAPER VII

TAXONOMY AND ECONOMIC BOTANY

Group A

1. Classification of plants As proposed by Bentham & Hooker; Hutchinson And Takhtajan. 12

2. Idea about important rules of plant nomenclature with special Reference to ICBN 02

3. A comparative account of diagnostic features and Economic importance of the following families: Apiaceae, Rubiaceae, Asteraceae, Asclepiadaceae, Catharanthaceae, Convolvulaceae, Lamiaceae, Verbenaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Amarantaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Liliaceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae 14

4. Modern trends in plant taxonomy: Taxonomy in relation to Anatomy, Embryology, Palynology, Cytology 08

5. Brief knowledge of Numerical Taxonomy 04

Group B 1. Use of plants as Medicine and ideas about important Drug-yielding plants.

03 2. Agricultural and Horticultural plants and their products of Jharkhand with special

reference to oil seeds, pulses, cereals, fruits and vegetables and timber. 10

Total lectures -53

PAPER VIII

EMBRYOLOGY AND TISSUE CULTURE 1. A brief idea about plant reproduction 01 2. Microsporogenesis 02 3. Male gametophyte 04 4. Megasporogenesis 02 5. Female gametophyte (Types of emryo sacs) 10 6. Fertilization 04 7. Endosperm 04 8. Embryogeny 04 9. Polyembryony 02 10. Experimental embryology- anther culture and embryo culture 06 11. Protoplast culture and somatic hybridization 06

Total lectures 45 PAPER IX PRACTICAL

FOURTH SEMESTER PAPER X

ANATOMY

1. Meristems: Position in plant body, function, Theories of structural development and differentiation 06

2. Tissues and tissue systems, Vascular tissues and function 06

3. Mechanical tissues: structure, distribution and function 06

4. Organization of tissue in relation to environment (Ecological anatomy: Adaptations) 08

5. Normal Secondary Growth, periderm, storied cork, lenticels 04

6. Anomalous secondary growth ( Boerhavia, Nyctanthus, Achyranthus, Aristolochia, Tinospora, Dracaena) 02 Total lectures 32

PAPER XI CYTOLOGY

1. Structure of plant cell 01

2. Cell division- its significance and regulation, Mitosis, Meiosis 08

3. Morphology of chromosomes 05

4. Mendel’s experiments and principles of inheritance 04

5. Back cross and test cross 04

6. Linkage and recombination; coupling and repulsion phases; two and Three point test crosses with their significance in chromosome Mapping; interference and co- efficient of coincidence 04

7. Sex determination and sex linked inheritance 04

Total lectures 30

PAPER XII PRACTICAL B.Sc. Part III

FIFTH SEMESTER

PAPER XIII

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

1. Plant-water relation: absorption of water,

Ascent of sap, transpiration 08

2. Photosynthesis: photosynthetic apparatus, pigments, photochemical 12

Reactions, electron transport pathways photophosphorylation, Calvin Cycle,

Hatch & Slack pathway

3. Respiration : Glycolysis, TCA cycle, electron transport

In mitochondria, oxidative phosphorylation 08

4. Phytohormones: General account, discovery, structure & mechanism of Action & role of Auxins, cytokinins, Gibberellins, Abscissic acid & Ethylene. 08

5. Physiology of flowering , photoperiodism , vernalization 08 Total lectures 44

PAPER XIV

CYTOGENETICS

1. DNA replication and recombination 06

2. Genetic code 02

3. Alteration in genetic makeup-changes at genetic level: spontaneous and Induced mutation; mode of action; transitions, transversions, And frame shift mutation; detection of mutations. 06

4. Alteration in genetic make up-changes in chromosome numbers origin, types and effects of auto and allopolyploidy; origin and meiosis in nullisomic, monosomics and trisomics. 06

5. Alteration in genetic make up- changes in chromosome structure; Origin, types and effects of chromosomal aberration on progeny 06

6. Genetic Engineering in plants and future of plant biotechnology 06 Total lectures 33

PAPER XV

ECOLOGY

1. Autecology, biological spectrum, production ecology. 06 2. Ecological factors : climatic,edaphic,topographical and biotic factors 10 3. Population ecology: characteristics and acquaintance with population models 04 4. Community structure 04 5. Community dynamics: Succession, Xerosere, Hydrosere, concept of climax

community 08 6. Ecosystem ( grassland, aquatic and forest) 08 7. Flow of energy and biochemical cycles 02

Total lectures 34

PAPER XVI

PRACTICAL

SIXTH SEMESTER

PAPER XVII

PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY

1. Cell wall, cell membrane & their biochemical properties. 10 2. Plant cell organelles & their roles: mitochondria, chloroplast , peroxisome, 10 3. Amino acid & peptides: types of amino acid, structure of proteins & protein

Synthesis. 10 4. Enzymes: Nature, properties, types, classification,

Mechanism of action, factors of enzyme activities 10 Total lectures 40

PAPER XVIII

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

1. Nucleic acids: compositions of nucleic acids and synthesis of nucleotides;

DNAstructure; A, B, Z forms of DNA; denaturation and renaturation of DNA 14 2. Chromatin structure; DNA replication and recombination, DNA polymerases;

Different forms of RNA and their role 14 3. Gene structure, expression and regulation; gene organization in prokaryotes

And eukaryotes; inducible, repressible, positive and negative gene regulation; Interrupted genes in eukaryotes; 14

Total lectures 42

PAPER XIX

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY

1. Soil: types, formation, physiochemical nature, water holding 08

Capacity, soil profile and soil erosion and conservation

2. Non-conventional source of energy 06

3. Biodiversity and its conservation 06

4. MAB programme, plant indicators 06

5. Environmental pollution: air pollution,

Water pollution, sound pollution, nuclear pollution and their controls majors 10

6. Environmental management: Soil, water and air 06

7. Major vegetational belts of India 06

Total lectures 48

PAPER XX

PRACTICAL

Practical marks to be accommodated in projects, seminars and field work

BOTANY B.Sc. SUBSIDIARY/GENERAL

B.Sc. PART I (SUB/GEN)

FIRST SEMESTER

THEORY

MICROBIOLOGY AND CRYPTOGAMS

GROUP – A

1. General account and structure of bacteria and their economic Importance 06

2. Viruses: general account and economic importance 04

GROUP-B

1. Salient features and economic importance of: Algae: Nostoc, Volvox, Oedogonium,

Vaucharia and Sargassum 10

Fungi: Albugo, Peziza, Agaricus, Alternaria 10

2. Lichen: general account and economic importance 02

3. Salient features and economic importance of

Bryophyta: Marchantia, Anthoceros and

Sphagnum

Pteridophyta: Selaginella , Equisetum 16

Marsilea

TOTAL LECTURES 48

PRACTCALS BASED ON THEORY

SECOND SEMESTER

THEORY

PHANEROGAMS

1. Structure, reproduction and economic importance of Pinus 04

2. Taxonomy of angiosperms: Classification with special 08

Reference to the Systems of Bentham & Hooker

3. Diagnostic features and economic importance of the following 10

Families: Euphorbiaceae, Catharanthaceae, Acanthaceae,

Lamiaceae, Amaranthaceae, Cyperaceae

4. Anatomy: Meristem, Cambium, anomalous secondary growth 06

In Boerhavvia, Tinospora and Dracaena

6. Embroyology: microsporogenesis, megasporogenesis, male and female 08

Gametophyte, fertilization, endosperm, embryo

TOTAL LECTURES 36

PRACTICALS BASED ON THEORY

B.Sc. PART II (SUB/GEN)

THIRD SEMESTER

THEORY

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY, GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

GROUP -- A

1. Physiology of water and mineral absorption 04

2 .Enzyme: Nature, mode of action, factors affecting 04

Enzyme activity

3. Photosynthesis: mechanism and factors 05

4. Respiration: mechanism &electron transport system 05

GROUP -- B

1. Phytohormones: auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins and 05

Their role

2. Genetic engineering: tools and techniques of recombinant DNA

Technology 08

3. Biotechnology: functional definition, basic aspects of plants

Tissue culture 08

TOTAL LECTURES 39


FOURTH SEMESTER

THEORY

CYTOGENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY AND ECONOMIC BOTANY

GROUP -- A

1. Structure of cell, cell organelles: mitochondria, chloroplast 05

Centrosome.

2. Mitosis and meiosis 05

3. Mendelism 04

4. Structure and organization of chromosomes 04

5. Mutation 04

6. Polyploidy 03

GROUP -- B

1. Ecological factors 04

2. Plant communities and ecosystem 04

3. Succession hydrosere and xerosere 04

4. Pollution –Water, soil, air sound, 04

GROUP -- C

1. Medicine yielding plants 01

2. Agricultural ands horticultural plants with special reference 03

To pulses and oil seeds

TOTAL LECTURES 45


B.Sc. PART III (GEN/SUB)

FIFTH SEMESTER

THEORY

CYTOGENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

1. Structure and organization of eukaryotic chromosomes 04

2. Supermumerary chromosomes 02

3. Lampbrush chromosome 02

4. Polytene chromosome 02

5. Post-Mendelian developments 10

6. Interaction of genes 03

7. Gene expression and genetic code 08

8. Modern concept of gene 08

TOTAL LECTURES 39


SIXTH SEMESTER

THEORY

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY AND ECONOMIC BOTANY

GROUP -- A

1. Ecological factors 2. Plant ecosystem (grassland and forests) 3. Ecological Pyramids 4. Flow of energy in ecosystem 5. Major vegetational belts in India

GROUP – B

1. Important agricultural and horticultural plants of the country With reference to cereals, vegetables, spices, fruits 08

2. A brief idea about the Lac host and tassar In Jharkhand 06

3. Ethno botany: a general idea with special reference to Jharkhand 04 TOTAL LECTURES 40


M.Sc. PART I

SEMESTER I

PAPER I

MICROBIOLOGY

1. Salient features of Archaebacteria, Eubacteria and Cyanobacteria 06

2. Structure of bacterial cell 06

3. Nutrition, reproduction and Economic Importance of Bacteria 04

4. Bacterial recombination: conjugation, transduction and transformation 10

5. Structure and multiplication of Bacteriophage and TMV 08

6. Structure and multiplication of viruses of bacteria 06

7. Modes of transmission of viruses in plants 04

8. Economic importance of viruses 02

9. A general account of Mycoplasma and study of plant diseases:

Grassy shoot of sugarcane, Sesamum phylloidi, Little leaf of Brinjal 04

Total lectures 50

PAPER II

FUNGI AND ALGAE

GROUP – A

1. Outline classification of fungi as proposed by Alexopoulus and Mims, 1979 03

2. Heterothallism, heterokaryosis, parasexuality 06

3. General account of Mastigomycotina, Zygomycotina, Ascomycotina,

Basidiomycotina and Deuteromycotina 06

4. Symptoms, causal organisms and control measures of the following types of

Fungal diseases: (a) Blights, (b) Mildews, (c) Smuts, (d) Rusts

(e) Wilts, (f) Rots 06

5. Mycorrhizae and Lichens: general account and its importance 02

6. Economic Importance of Fungi 02

GROUP – B

1. Algae in diversified habitats (terrestrial, freshwater, marine) 04

2. Outline classification of algae as proposed by (a) Fritsch (1935), (b) Smith (1950) 03

3. Range of thallus structure and reproduction in (a) Cyanophyta (b) Chlorophyta

(C) Charophyta, (d) Bacillariophyta, (e) Phaeophyta, (f) Rhodophyta 12

4. Evolutionary trends in Algae 04

5. Economic Importance of Algae: Algal Blooms, Biofertilizers, as food and feed

In industry 04

Total lectures 52

PAPER III

BRYOPHYTES AND PTERIDOPHYTES

GROUP – A

1. General features, origin and classification of Bryophytes 02 2. Salient Features of the following orders:

(a) Sphaerocarpales 02 (b) Marchantiales 02 (c) Jungermanniales 02 (d) Anthocerotales 04 (e) Sphagnales 02 (f) Funariales 04 (g) Polytrichales 04

3. Evolutionary trends in Bryophytes and origin of land plants 02

GROUP – B

1. Classification of Pteridophytes 02 2. Salient features of the following orders:

(a) Psilophytales 03 (b) Psilotales 03 (c) Lepidodendrales 03 (d) Isoetales 03 (e) Sphenophyllales

03 (f) Ophiolglossales

03

(g) Osmundales 03 (h) Filicales 03

3. Origin and evolution of sphorophytes in Pteridophytes- Telome concept 03 4. Heterospory and seed habit 04

Total lectures 57

PAPER IV

GYMNOSPERMS

1. Gymnosperms: an introduction 02

2. Classification of Gymnosperms and their distribution in India as proposed by Pant 04

3. Salient features of Cycadales, Ginkgoales, Coniferales, Ephedrales, Welwitschiales, Gnetales 18

4. Fossils: Mode of preservation, geological time-table, Indian fossils 05

5. Salient features of Pteridospermales: Lyginopteridaceae, Medullosaceae, Caytoniaceae, Glossopteridaceae 12

6. Salient features of Cycadeoidales and Cordaitales 10

Total lectures 51

PAPER V

PRACTICAL

PAPER VI

PRACTICAL

SEMESTER II

PAPER VII

CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS

GROUP – A (CELL BIOLOGY)

1. Structure of model membrane, lipid bilayer and membrane protein diffusion, osmosis, ion channels, active transport, membrane pumps, mechanism of sorting and regulation of intracellular transport, electrical properties of membranes. 12

2. Structure of nucleus and nuclear wall 04

3. Other cellular organelles: structure and functions of microbodies, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum. 04

4. Cell cycle: Mechanism and control of cell division 08

5. Chromatin organization: Chromosome structure, types (ring chromosomes, iso, pseudoiso types) and packaging of DNA, molecular organization of centromere and telomere, nucleolus and ribosomal RNA genes, Euchromatin and heterochromatin, karyotype analysis, banding patterns, specialized types of chromosome, Polytene, Lampbrush, B chromosome and sex chromosome pairing. 20

GROUP – B (GENETICS)

1. Mutations : spontaneous and induced mutation ,physical and chemical mutagens , molecular basis of gene mutation, transposable elements in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, mutation induced by transposons, site –directed mutagenesis, DNA damage And repair mechanisms, inherited human diseases and defects in DNA repair, Initiations of cancer at cellular level, proto – oncogenes and oncogenes. 12

2. Polyploidy: auto and allopolyploidy, Cytonogetics of aneuploids and structural heterozygotes : effects of aneuploidy on phenotype in plants ,transmission of monosomic and trisomic and their use in chromosome mapping of diploid and polyploid species, breeding behaviour and genetics of structural heterozygotes ,translocation tester sets ,Robertsonian translocation, B-A translocations. Origin, occurrence, production of autopolyploids, chromosome and chromatin segregation,

allopolyploids, genome constitution and characterization of Trisomics and Monosomics. 20

3. Chromosomal Aberration: Structural and Numerical alterations in chromosomes, meiotic behavior of duplication, deficiency, inversion and translocation heterozygotes. 04

Total lectures 84

PAPER VIII

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

1. DNA replication, repair and recombination (Unit of replication, enzymes involved, replication origin and replication fork, fidelity of replication, extrachromosomal replicons, DNA damage and repair mechanisms, homologous and site-specific recombination). 10

2. RNA synthesis and processing (transcription factors and machinery, formation of initiation complex, transcription activator and repressor, RNA polymerases, capping, elongation, and termination, RNA processing, RNA editing, splicing, and polyadenylation, structure and function of different types of RNA, RNA transport). 10

3. Protein synthesis and processing (Ribosome, formation of initiation complex, initiation factors and their regulation, elongation and elongation factors, termination, genetic code, aminoacylation of tRNA, tRNA-identity, aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, and translational proof-reading, translational inhibitors, Post- translational modification of proteins). 10

4. Control of gene expression at transcription and translation level (regulating the expression of phages, viruses, prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes, role of chromatin in gene expression and gene silencing). 10

5. Cell signaling Hormones and their receptors, cell surface receptor, signaling through G-protein coupled receptors, signal transduction pathways, second messengers, regulation of signaling pathways, bacterial and plant two-component systems, light signaling in plants, bacterial chemotaxis and quorum sensing. 05

6. Techniques in cell biology: Immunotechniques, in situ hybridization to locate transcripts in cell types, FISH, GISH, Confocal microscopy. 05

PAPER IX

TAXONOMY

GROUP – A

1. Taxonomy: definition, purpose and scope 06 2. Literature on taxonomy 06 3. Origin of angiosperms 04 4. Classification of angiosperms : Benthem and Hooker system, Engler and Prantl

System, Hutchinson system and Takhtajan system of classification and its Comparison 10

5. Plant nomenclature : need and scope, history of nomenclature, ICBN- principles, rules and recommendations 08

6. Taxonomic evidences: anatomy in relation to taxonomy, palynology in relation to taxonomy, Embryology in relation to taxonomy and cytology in relation to taxonomy08

7. Modern trends in plant taxonomy 06

8. Study of plants of different families available in Jharkhand: Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae, Capparidaceae, Meliaceae, Leguminoceae, Apiaceae, Rubiaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Catharanthaceae, Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Acanthaceae, Lamiaceae, Verbenaceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae 20

PAPER X

ECOLOGY

1. Climate, soil and vegetation pattern of the world: Life zones: major biomes and major vegetation and soil types of the world. 08

2. Vegetation organization: Concepts of community and continuum; analysis of communities; community coefficients;inter specific associations, concepts of Ecological niche 10

3. Vegetation development: mechanism of ecological succession; changes in ecosystem properties during succession 06

4. Ecosystem organization; structure and functions; primary productions(methods of measurement, global pattern, controlling factors); global bio-geo-chemical cycles of C, N, P, S; mineral cycles (pathways, processes, budgets) in terrestrial and aquatic

Ecosystems 10

5. Biological diversity: concept and levels; role of biodiversity in ecosystem functions and stability; IUCN categories of threat 07

6. Phytogeography 06

Total lectures 47

PAPER XI

PRACTICAL

PAPER XII

PRACTICAL

M.Sc. PART II

SEMESTER III

PAPER XIII

EMBRYOLOGY AND ANATOMY

GROUP – A

1. Microspore and Microsporogenesis; Megaspore and Megasporogenesis

04 2. Development of male and female gametophyte

06 3. Germination of pollen grains, path of pollen tube and its entry

Into embryo sac, double fertilization and pollen-pistil interaction 04

4. Endosperm and its types, morphological nature of endosperm 02

5. Embryogenesis, development of monocot and dicot embryo 04

6. Apomixis and polyembryony 04

7. Morphogenesis and organogenesis in plants: Organization of shoot and root apical meristem; shoot and root development; leaf development and phyllotaxy; transition to flowering, floral meristems and floral development. 04

GROUP – B

1. Cambium: normal and anomalous secondary growth 06

2. Ecological Anatomy 06

3. Periderm 02

4. Mechanical tissue and their distribution 04

Total lectures 46

PAPER XIV

GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PLANT TISSUE CULTURE

GROUP – A

1. Biotechnology: basic concepts, principles and scope 04

2. Recombinant DNA-technology: gene cloning, principle and techniques 08

3. DNA-fingerprinting, Polymerase chain reaction 08

4. Genetic engineering of plants: aims, strategies for development Of Transgenic plants with suitable examples 08

5. Agrobacterium- the natural genetic engineer, T-DNA and transposon Mediated gene tagging 06

GROUP – B

1. Plant tissue culture: history, techniques, embryogenesis, Micro propagation and its application 12

2. Anther, Embryo, Endosperm culture and their significance 10

Total lectures 56

PAPER XV

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM

1. Absorption of water: mechanism of active and passive absorption; factors affecting water absorption 05

2. Ascent of sap: mechanism 02

3. Transpiration: stomatal structure and movement; guttation; factors Affecting the rate of transpiration 05

4. Absorption of minerals: anatomy of root, soil profile and soil water, mechanism of absorption: active and passive; factors affecting absorption, Mineral nutrition of plants, deficiency symptoms and diseases, macro and micro nutrients, chelating agents 10

5. Translocation of solutes: substances translocated in phloem, direction and speed of translocation, mechanism of phloem transport, transport of ions; factors affecting translocation 06

6. Stress physiology – Responses of plants to biotic (pathogen and insects) and abiotic (water, temperature and salt) stresses. 05

7. Plant growth regulators (Phytohormones): structure, biosynthesis, physiological

responses and mechanism of action of Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Ethylene Abscissic acid 10

8. Sensory photobiology - Structure, function and mechanisms of action of phytochromes, cryptochromes and phototropins; stomatal movement; photoperiodism and biological clocks. 06

Total lectures 49

PAPER XVI

BIOCHEMISTRY

1. Structures & function of primary metabolites: Carbohydrates, proteins, fats. 06

2. Structures and function of secondary metabolites : Terpenoids, phenols & alkaloids. 02

3. Photosynthesis : Pigment system, Photophosphorylation, Calvin cycle, Hatch & Slack pathway , CAM pathway, photorespiration, factors affecting rate of photosynthesis. 08

4. Respiration : Glycolysis, Fermentation, Kreb’s cycle, Electron Transport System, Hexose monophosphate shunt, theories of phosphorylation, factors affecting rate of respiration. 08

5. Enzymes : nature properties & classification, enzyme energetic , mode & mechanism of action, factors affecting enzyme activities. 06

6. Nitrogen metabolism: amino acid metabolism, protein synthesis in pro & eukaryotes, genetic code polypeptide chain, nitrogen fixation in free living and symbiotic bacteria.06

7. Fats : nature & classification; biosynthesis, degradation of fats : beta-oxidation & alpha-oxidation, glyoxylate cycle. 06

8. Bioenergetics . 02

Total lectures 42

PAPER XVII

PRACTICAL

PAPER XVIII

PRACTICAL

SEMESTER IV

PAPER XIX

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY

1. Environment and pollution: general concept and impact on human beings 04 2. Air, water and soil pollution: kinds, sources; quality parameters: effect

On plants and ecosystems and control measures 14 3. Climate change: Greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O,CFCs; sources, trends and role)

Ozone layer and ozone hole 10

4. Ecosystem stability: Concept (resistance and resilience); ecological perturbations (Natural and anthropogenic) and their impact on plants and ecosystems, Ecosystem restoration 08

5. Ecological management: concepts; sustainable developments; sustainability Indicators 06

6. Energy resources: conventional and non-conventional 06

Total lectures 48

PAPER XX

PLANT RESOURCE UTILIZATION, BIOSTATISTICS AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

GROUP – A

1. Origin, evolution, botany, cultivation and uses of ; (a) food crops, (b) fiber, forage and Fodder crops, (c) medicinal and aromatic plants, (d) vegetables and oil yielding crops 08

2. Plants yielding timber, tannins, dyes, resins and fruits 05

3. Plants used as revenue trees for shade, pollution control and aesthetics 02

GROUP – B

1. Presentation of biological data in tables, graphs, histograms and pie chart 04

2. Concept of statistical analysis in biology 04

3. Preliminary ideas about mean, mode, median, standard deviation Probability, correlation, trends 04

GROUP – C

1. Principles of conservation 06

2. Strategies for conservation: in situ conservation; international efforts and Indian initiatives; Protected areas in India- sanctuaries, national parks, biosphere reserves, wet lands, Mangroves and coral reefs for conservation of wild biodiversity 12

3. Strategies for conservation: ex situ conservation; principles and practices; botanical gardens, Field gene banks, seed banks; in vitro repositories, cryo banks; general account of the activities of Botanical Survey of India(BSI), National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources(NBPGR), Indian Council of Agricultural research (ICAR), Council of Scientific and industrial research (CSIR), and the department of biotechnology (DBT) for conservation 10

4. Plant biodiversity: concept, status in India, utilization and concerns 05

Total lectures 60

PAPER XXI

SPECIAL PAPER I

PLANT PATHOLOGY – I

1. History and modern approaches to plant pathology 02

2. General symptoms of plant diseases caused by fungi 04

3. Mode of attack: (a) Enzymes: role of enzymes in pathogenesis (b) Toxins: types and their role in pathogenesis

08 4. Physiology of diseased plants with special reference to:

(a) Osmo-regulation (b) Respiration

(c) Photosynthesis (d) Nitrogen and phenol metabolism

14 5. Mechanism of defense:

(a) Structural defense mechanism (b) Biochemical defense mechanism

08 6. Control measures of plant diseases:

(a) Cultural practices (b) Biological (c) Chemical control (fungicide) (d) Plant quarantine

14

Total lectures 50

PAPER XXII

SPECIAL PAPER II

PLANT PATHOLOGY – II

1. Important plant diseases caused by the fungi (symptoms, etiology and control): (a) Downy mildew of maize (b) Powdery mildew of pea (c) Loose smut of wheat (d) Covered smut of barley (e) Whip-smut of sugarcane (f) Linseed rust (g) Tikka disease of groundnut (h) Wilt of arhar (i) Blast of rice (j) False smut of rice (k) Red rot of sugarcane (l) Early blight of potato

24 2. Important diseases of Bacteria: 3. Important viral diseases: 4. Important diseases caused by Nematodes:

PAPER XXIII

PRACTICAL

PAPER XXIV

PROJECT

Documents

JAMSHEDPUR WOMEN’S COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY · JAMSHEDPUR WOMEN’S COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY B.Sc. BOTANY (HONS.) ... There shall be three parts in B.Sc. general course