James Madison

1809-1917

Pre-Presidency

• 2nd Continental Congress

• Constitutional Convention (“Father”)

• Federalist Papers

• Sec. State (Jefferson)

R.I.P. Federalists

• 1789-1815ish

• Hartford Convention

• Regional Party

American System

• Henry Clay

• Internal Improvements– National Road, Erie Canal (?)

• National Defense

• 2nd National Bank (1816)

• Tariff of 1816

• John Randolph (Against = unconstitutional)

Early Issues 1809-1812

• Repeal of Embargo Act

• Passage of Non-Intercourse Act (1809)

• Impressments >> Macon’s Act

• Tecumseh Confederacy

• War Hawks – Expansion– FLA, Canada, Mexico– John C, Calhoun (SC), Henry Clay (KY)

Macon’s Act

• End trade restrictions w/ Brit or France• Whichever stopped violations of

neutrality rights• Napoleon repeals Berlin & Milan

Decrees but French violations cont…• Embargo against Brit.

Renewed>>impressments increase

Causes of the War of 1812

• British: – Blockade of Europe

– Seize American ships

– Impressments

• Tecumseh Confed.– Tippecanoe

Battle of Tippecanoe

                                                                                                                                   

        

• Battle of Tippecanoe

– U.S. Army destroys Shawnee village

– Take heavy losses

– Shawnee Supplied by British

                                                                 

                  The major battles of the War of 1812

Notable Events of the War

• Death of Tecumseh (1813)• U.S. Navy takes Lake Erie (1813)• British raids along Atlantic Coast (1813-

14)• British burn down Washington D.C.

(1814)• Battle of New Orleans (Andrew Jackson)

(1814)

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Hartford Convention

• Proposed Amendments to the Constitution by Federalists

• No embargoes over 60 days

• 2/3 vote of each House required to:– Declare war– Place restrictions on trade– Admit new states to the union

Hartford Convention

• No naturalized citizen shall hold federal office

• Direct taxes & representation in House to be apportioned according to # of free inhabitants

• 1 term limit for Pres

• No successive Presidents from same state

Results of the War

• Treaty of Ghent leaves issues unresolved (“status quo”)

• But…most differences soon resolved between U.S. and Britain

Effects on U.S.

• Nationalism

• Hastens decline of Federalist Party

• Begins “Era of Good Feelings”