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Jacquelyn Magness Seneschal, AICP
Lisa Loftus-Otway
Sharon Daboin
Valorie LaCour, RLA, LEED AP
APA 2013 National Planning Conference Function Code: S413
1
Getting the Beer to the Bar Learning Objectives:
Appreciating the impact on urban form of designating and protecting freight routes
How to select and designate rail and truck routes
Techniques for integrating freight corridors into established communities
2
The National Perspective
Lisa Loftus-Otway
Research Associate
Center for Transportation Research
University of Texas
3
Why plan for freight?
Freight = Jobs and revenue
Freight growth – “Getting Me My Stuff” On average 42 tons of freight worth $39,000 was
delivered to EVERY PERSON in U.S. in 2007
Distance in transporting this freight, is an average of 11,000 ton-miles for every person in U.S.
This is equal to carrying almost one ton of freight between the North Pole and the South Pole for every man, woman, and child in the U.S, or almost two tons between LA and Rotterdam 2007 US Commodity Flow Survey Data
4
Freight & Land Use: Why has issue arisen?
Freight Growth past 20 years Increases in port, truck and train activity close to
residential areas
Population Growth and Residential development Often close to freight corridors and facilities
Infill policies and gentrification of industrial areas
Environmental Justice Community awareness has grown
5
Issues Around Freight Corridors
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Trespass
Children crossing UP line in Anaheim CA to get to Ball Jr High School
Source: Jon Waide FRA Region 7 Law Enforcement Liaison Officer
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How close is close? Foundation 8.5 feet from near rail
Heighs Blvd Houston - 2008
Source: Dale Hill Union Pacific
8.5 feet
8
Source: Carolyn Cook - FRA
Unit facing us: listed at $350k Unit behind is closer to rail listed at $380k
9
Residential Parcels – Harris County, Tx
Townhouse construction near railyard, October 2011 Thanks to Donovan Johnson
Block of Townhouses in East End, November 2010
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Why Does Land Use Planning Matter to Freight?
Land use planning and approvals lead to projects that could: Block or otherwise impact freight corridors
Put incompatible uses near, or encroaching on, freight corridors or facilities
Reduce industrial land available near freight facilities (e.g., ports)
Freight facilities often require land use approvals
11
Long-Range
Planning
Zoning and Design Mitigation Education and
Outreach
State Enabling Acts
Regional Visioning
Comprehensive Plans
Freight Facility Inventories
Official Maps
Purchase and Advance
Acquisition
Land Swaps
Protective Condemnation
Permit Development
Access Rights
Zoning Standards
Buffer Areas
Development Permitting
Overlay Districts
Lot Orientation
Property Design
Construction Standards
Sound Proofing Standards
Buffer Areas
Noise and Vibration
Treatment
Track Treatment
Yard Re-alignment
Grade Crossing
Management
Port Gate Management
Environmental
Measures
Zoning Measures
Public Outreach and
Education
Relocation
Informal Negotiations
Public Involvement
Multi-Jurisdictional
Agreements
Public Outreach and
Education
Stakeholder
Roundtables and
Freight/Community
Committees
Include freight in
community and regional
planning syllabi
Freight Protection/Preservation Strategies
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Zoning: Overlay zones
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Lot orientation and lot depths • Deeper lot depth
and non access easement
• Better development orientation
• Rooms where noise is not a critical issue placed closer to freight facility
14
Lot orientation and building layout
Source: Adapted from a discussion with Scott Rogers, AICP, CarmaDevelopers.com, Austin, Tx
•Place under-
utilized rooms
closer to the
freight facility
•Creates space
through which
noise and
vibration
diminishes
15
Minimum Setback Standards To Consider In Zoning Around Freight Facilities and Corridors (in feet)
Type of
Freight
Corridor
*
Type
of
Land
Use
Residential Mixed
Use
School
Hospital
Residential
Day Care
Facility **
Commercial Industrial
Primary freight
corridor
250 200 250
100 15
Secondary lines
(rail) and major
arterials (trucking)
150 150 250 50 10
Passing spurs/small
branch lines (rail)
100 100 150 50 10
Rail yard 150 150 150 50 -
Intermodal facility 100 100 150 50 -
Port facility 150 150 250 50 -
Air Cargo
facility***
10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 -
16
Our Proposed Domino Approach to Get Freight Needs Recognized in Local Planning
Amend state enabling acts to make freight planning required in comprehensive plans
Include freight in regional visions
Plan for freight in local comprehensive plans
Incorporate MPO long-range plans into local comprehensive plans
Create zoning ordinances that prescribe design criteria for freight-compatible development
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Website guide to facilitate process
18
The Rail Freight Perspective
Sharon Daboin
Resident Vice President
State Government and Community Affairs
CSX Transportation
19
20
CSX Intermodal Terminal Network
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New York Chicago
St Louis
Memphis
New Orleans Jacksonville
Baltimore
Boston Buffalo
Tampa
Birmingham Charleston
CSXI Terminals
Gateways
Ports
Charlotte
• 30+ intermodal terminals
• Every major East Coast port
• Connects to all major Class I carriers
• Provides Trans-Con service coast to coast
22
Rail a partner in moving everyday products How much beer is moved by rail?
Class I’s originated 24,324 carloads of beer ale weighting 1.1 million tons in 2011
UP: 147,915,000 cases of import & domestic beer in 2011
BNSF: 4,187 carloads in 2011
Average of 72 tons per unit
CSX: Extends western carriers to move beer and wine to eastern U.S. Markets
Alcoholic beverages account for 25% of food and consumer market
Wine represents 24% of alcoholic beverage volume
Case Study: Baltimore Baltimore is home to the oldest railroad in America – the
Baltimore & Ohio (B&O)
Port / industrial complex increasingly being replaced by commercial and residential – e.g. Camden Yards, Inner Harbor, etc.
Railroads seeking full disclosure in property sale contracts as to railroad and industrial activities in order to address, pro-actively and pre-emptively, the juxtaposition of industrial, railroad and residential uses
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CSX Locust Point 10 Yard Jobs 24 Active Customers 2 Originating Freight Trains 2 Terminating Freight Trains 1 Transfer Job 1 Local
CSX Locust Point Operations
Silo Point Baltimore
Silo Point Baltimore
Residential uses adjacent to freight uses Silo Point Baltimore
“I Heard the Railroad is a Dying Industry”
Communities across America have built up around railroads
Presents real challenges when mixing railroad industrial use with commercial or residential
Railroads getting more proactive in identifying conflicts BEFORE they occur
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Transparency in Property Sales & Zoning
Disclosure Of Heavy-industrial And Railroad Operations Buyer is Advised that the Property may be located near heavy-
industrial operations (that is, land used limited to an M-3 Industrial Zoning District under Zoning Code Title 7, subtitle 4) or near railroad operations, these operations may involve the use of machinery, trucks, or trains, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and may create or cause noises, odors, fumes, bright lights, vibrations, and safety hazards.
Detailed information on the location of heavy-industrial (M-3) zones and on the location of railroad tracks can be found on the “Baltimore Cityview” website, at HTTP://CITYVIEW.BALTIMORECITY.GOV
Baltimore City Council Bill 12-0069
Passed August 2012 – Effective October 1, 2012
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Maps, the key to everything……
The new map – sharpies to the rescue
Rail and truck routes now effectively highlighted
Rail Renaissance – Moving Goods Increased highway congestion, fuel and labor costs –
partnering with trucking firms – longer haul freight moves to rails
Increased focus on Environment – Need for Environmental Friendly Transportation Solutions
Increased Population – Increased Consumption – WE WANT OUR STUFF
Changed Global trade patterns – need to move goods efficiently between Ports and People
Rail Renaissance – Moving People Safety
Adequate Freight Capacity that Envisions Growth
Liability
Compensation for Use of Private Property
The Rail Advantage A single train can carry the load of more than 280 trucks.
On average, railroads are 3 or more times more fuel efficient than the
alternative and emit three times less nitrogen oxides and particulates
than alternate modes of transportation.
CSX can move a ton of freight nearly 500 miles on a single gallon fuel.
If just 10% of the freight that currently moves by truck were diverted to rail
instead, fuel savings would approach 1 billion gallons per year.
Freight rail creates jobs: every freight rail job supports an additional 4.5 jobs elsewhere in the economy.
36
Railroad Information/Contacts Websites
American Association of Railroads (AAR): www.aar.org
CSX: www.csx.com
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA): www.fra.dot.gov
Telephone
CSX: 1-877-TellCSX
Federal, State and Local Legislators
37
The City Government Perspective
Valorie LaCour, RLA
Senior Planner
Department of Transportation
City of Baltimore
Project manager for freight movement
Baltimore City - Background 12th largest city in the United States
• Ranks fifth among United States ports
• Two class one railroads (CSX and NS) and short line rail
• Major interstate connections (I-695, I-95, I-83, I-70, I-97 attractive to shipping by truck.
• Early growth and prosperity because of location - a natural harbor on the Chesapeake Bay
Colonial Baltimore Transportation Hub
Began as a colonial port on the Atlantic Coast
Eastern terminus of the National Road (Rt 40)
Westward expansion brought resources through Baltimore to Europe
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad
Colonial Baltimore – WWII • The Eisenhower Interstate system transformed America
with limited-access, high-speed highways that connected cities
Colonial Baltimore – Today Baltimore’s road system must accommodate the ever-
increasing level of automobile and truck traffic 70% of the workforce uses automobiles for commuting, 55% driving alone 15% carpool
Alternate modes of transportation are being explored and
implemented including Mass transit buses Commuter rail lines Shuttles Bicycles – on street and off road Pedestrian trails
Colonial Baltimore – Today The Department of Transportation is responsible for
planning, designing, building and maintenance of: 5,000 lane miles of roadways
7 miles of Interstate highways
300 bridges
3,600 miles of sidewalks/curbing
450 miles of alleys
72,000 street lights
1,300 signalized intersections
250,000 traffic and info. Signs
8,000 parking meters
Colonial Baltimore – Planning Tradition Approach Internal Focus (Isolation)
Project manager sets up the project team
Purpose and Need
Background research and data collecting
Analysis and concept development
Limited stakeholder involvement
Recommendations and cost estimate development
Construction documents
Project Construction
Case Study – Planning in Isolation Feasibility Study for Construction of a New Road
Land use a mixture of commerce, industrial, manufacturing, and office.
The study area is in a strategic location for Port related enterprises
Multiple modes
of transportation –
rail, truck, ship
Project Site
Outcomes Confusion – Who needs to
be at the table? Multiple freight railroad stakeholders
Multiple private property owners
Multiple state agencies
Repeated Effort – multiple presentations and lost time One-on-one meetings to educate
Needed consensus from all stakeholders
Missed Opportunity Project timing and funding competition
Project not ready for federal and state funding applications
Case Study – Lessons Learned Traditional Planning Methodology
Limited Input at project set up
Limited focus creates limited success
Final product provides you exactly what you wanted and expected
No surprise and no creative solution
Outside relationships are critical
You don’t know what you don’t know unless someone tells you
Maps (GIS) details are important
Details provide clarity, identification
Case Study – Collaborative Planning Baltimore City-wide Truck Route and Commercial Vehicle
Management Plan
Created a project task force
DOT Interagency
City-wide agencies
State
County
Businesses
Property owners
Residents
Industry Associations
Community/
Residents Baltimore
City
State Agencies
Adjacent Counties
Port Agencies
City Agencies
NGO’s
Freight Truck
Freight Rail
BCDOT Divisions
Case Study – Collaborative Planning Purpose and Need
Balance truck traffic through all city neighborhoods Provide clear concise information to Truck drivers Enable the city agencies to enforce truck routes Foster better relationships between neighborhoods and
industrial, institutional, non-profit, and commercial entities
Started with the Residents as
initial audience
Convened an Interagency
task force of State, County,
City, & associated agencies to review routes
Public Meetings – 40
Community meetings
Residents: end-user affected by driver behavior
Buy-in from State Agencies and shared knowledge
Gained understanding of resident’s concerns with trucks city-wide
Strategy Divide City into 4 quadrants
Focus on one quadrant at a time, then city-wide
Take revised quadrant maps to neighborhood / community meetings for review and comment
Engage community for final map
Brief City Council throughout the process
Brief Mayor’s Office
Present in interagency development forums
Prepare State and City legislation
Feedback
“This is the first time, a project has shown all the rail tracks within the city.”
Freight Rail Partner CSX
“Thank you for including the MIZOD on the mapping. This area is important in transportation by rail and truck out of the Port.”
Maryland Port Administration
“I can live with the routes located in my neighborhood. Can you also help with other related issues of truck parking, speeding, and noise?”
Resident in the Frankfort Neighborhood
Frankfort Neighborhood
“The map is very easy to understand. We would like to add two more local truck routes to the map to help our local businesses.”
Falls Road Community Association
Frankfort Neighborhood
Outcomes Wide acceptance of proposed Routes from Residents
Community Engagement – over 60 community meetings held throughout the City over 15 months
Task Force Support Six task force meetings over 15 months Commitment from task force representative and meeting attendance Continued engagement from task force members
City Council and Mayor’s Approval Individual briefings on proposed routes Approval and support provided with minor requests for changes
Legislation introduced at State Assembly PASSED 2012 Testimony and support from industry associations Letters of support from City Delegation County delegates supported City Legislation and offered additional
assistance
Outcomes Participation
Constructive feedback
Through provoking questions
Identification of related issues
Trust established with stakeholders and DOT
Comfortable and candid conversations
Stakeholders continuing to work collaboratively on freight issues
Transportation Infrastructure Land Use and Planning
Truck Study mapping has been used as exhibits for other hearings and public meetings by Freight Rail and Truck Partners to demonstrate the relationship between land use and freight corridors Detailed GIS mapping is model for DOT displays and exhibits
All stakeholders need to be at the table throughout the planning project Consistent periodic meetings throughout the planning project Meeting at all milestones (decision points) Follow-up and communication
Planning professionals need to develop, maintain, and grow relationships will all stakeholders, partners, customers, and decision makers Networking Professional Organization involvement Serving on Committee and Boards
Freight rail, truck, and ship are integral partners for planning as local agencies strive to create or recreate complete streets, livable communities, sustainable communities, transit oriented development, and future development opportunities.
Ports, Trucks and Complete Streets
Jackie Seneschal
Senior Supervising Planner
Parsons Brinckerhoff
KCI Technologies, Inc., Project Manager
Port Communities Study
60
•Old Baltimore
•Joppa
•Port of Baltimore
Ports and Cities
61
Ports and Freight First mile of Port trips occurs in City neighborhoods
Most businesses require some freight shipment
Most goods are imported from overseas
Exports are rising
Ships are getting larger
62
Vision Improve the balance between
the viability of port-related businesses and
the livability of nearby residential areas
to contribute to a sustainable city
63
Purpose of Study and Plan Assess the impacts of freight movements from Seagirt
and Dundalk Marine Terminals upon Southeast Baltimore
Offer strategies to mitigate those impacts
Provide for continued and expanded operations at the terminals and near-by port-related businesses
64
The Port of Baltimore generates
14,630 direct jobs
108,000 port-related jobs
$3 billion in wages
$300 million in state and local taxes
Freight Movement Dundalk & Seagirt Marine
Terminals
• Trucks • 11% Maryland-registered, 62% of trips
• 60% of trip destinations in Maryland
• 60% make one or more trips per day, average 3.5 trips per day
• Rail • Two national, one short-line railroad
• No double-stack access -physical constraints
• Intermodal facility • Serves both port and landside
movements
65
Port Community Profile
66
Owner-occupied, stable, family-based neighborhoods
Need networks for bikes, pedestrians and transit Heart disease, lung cancer
and respiratory disease common
High percentage of elderly
Ongoing Truck Issues •Overnight truck movements
•Truck volumes on Dundalk Avenue (Main Street)
•Trucks on residential streets
•Conflicts between redevelopment (residential & retail) and expansion of freight movement and port activities
67
Ongoing Efforts Air quality improvements over the past 30 years
Truck routes adopted
Permits and escorts for over-sized vehicles
Roadway improvements
Bike lanes, bus service
Zoning restrictions near Port
68
Recommendations Create livable neighborhoods that accommodate
freight traffic
Upgrade Broening Highway to a freight corridor from the Boston Street/I-95 interchange to I-695
Further develop the truck route network using complete streets
Discourage through truck movements on low-volume residential streets
69
Land Use and Zoning Protect sites with deep port and rail sidings
MIZOD
Freight rail access study
Waterfront sites compete with residential uses
Rail lines and redevelopment
Rail crossings and retail access
70
Complete Streets with Trucks
71
Recommendations Establish a community impact mitigation fee
Dedicated to funding projects benefitting the port neighborhoods
Fees charged based on TEU, collected port-side by City or MPA
Create a community advisory committee Port operators, City, MPA, truckers, port-related businesses,
community
Engage in ongoing outreach
Select local projects for funding
Preserve and protect port-related activities and land uses
Contribute to improving air quality through State actions
72
Next Steps
73
Draft city legislation to create Port Advisory Committee
Draft state legislation to enable community impact mitigation fee
Develop and adopt design criteria and construction standards for:
Dedicated truck routes by type
Complete streets with truck accommodations
Panelists
74
Jacquelyn (Jackie) Seneschal
Lisa Loftus-Otway
Sharon Daboin
Valorie LaCour
