jaa-airshow

8/3/2019 jaa-airshow

1/24

JAA Administrative & Guidance MaterialSection One: General Part 3: Temporary Guidance Leaflets

Section 1/Part 3 5-1 01.02.97

LEAFLET NO 5: THE ORGANISATION AND CONDUCT OF FLYING DISPLAYS

This Leaflet contains that information previously published as Information Leaflet No. 22.

FOREWORD

The proposals for the Organisation and Conduct of Flying Displays contained in this Leaflet have been

prepared with a view to harmonising the safety regulations applicable to Flying Displays within JAA MemberStates. JAA Member States may use the contents of this Leaflet as a whole, or in part, to develop their ownnational regulations. It has been decided to issue these proposals in the form of an Leaflet, with the intentionthat:

- By having common high standards derived from the experience of many States, an overallimprovement in Flying Display safety will be achieved; and

- The public attending events at any location within Europe can expect the same high standards ofsafety while at the same time being able to enjoy the spectacle of Flying Displays to the full.

Therefore, this Leaflet sets out the safety arrangements which may be applied to the conduct of all FlyingDisplays. The term Flying Display is defined in the main body of the Leaflet, but it should be noted that it is

not intended that corporate or private events which are not advertised and for which entry is restricted byinvitation should be subject to these arrangements. However, it is anticipated that Authorities grantingPermissions or Exemptions for such events will take into account the needs of public safety and the contentof this Leaflet when considering the conditions under which the event can be held.

Races, rallies and competitive events which are advertised and open to the public should be subject to theseproposals but only to those sections which relate primarily to the safety of the public. It is not the intention, forexample, that pilots taking part in these events will be required to have minimum levels of experience or holdPilot Display Authorisations.

In some Member States, military aircraft taking part in a Flying Display are already subject to the conditionsset out by the National Authority. It is the intent of this Leaflet that any Permission given for a Flying Displayshould apply equally to all flying activities at the display, including those of military aircraft. Authorities

responsible for regulating these events have the same "duty of care" to members of the public attending adisplay regardless of where the event takes place and what type of aircraft are taking part.

1 APPLICABILITY

1.1 Terminology

For the purposes of this Leaflet, the following terms are used;

(a) Flying Display - "Any flying activity deliberately performed for the purpose of providing anexhibition or entertainment at an advertised event open to the public";

(b) Crowd Line- "The forward edge of areas intended for spectators and any car park to which the

public has access during a Flying Display";

(c) Display Line- "A line defining the closest a display aircraft should approach the Crowd Line";

(d) Event Organiser- "The Organiser of an event which includes a Flying Display";

(e) Flying Display Director- "The person responsible to the Authority for the safe conduct of a FlyingDisplay";

(f) Display Pilot - "A pilot who holds a Pilot Display Authorisation or Exemption, issued by hisappropriate National Authority, which allows him to take part in a Flying Display;

(g) Spectator-"A person attending a Flying Display and remaining in areas set aside for the public";

(h) Pilot Display Authorisation - "A National document detailing the types or groups of aircraft inwhich a pilot is authorised to display, together with any limitations and other special endorsements";


2/24


Section 1/Part 3 5-2 01.02.97

(i) Skill Levels for Authorisation of Aerobatic Displays - The skill levels are as defined by theComission Internationale de Voltige Aerienne (CIVA) of the FAI;

- Standard/Sportsman- Intermediate- Advanced (Class 2)- Unlimited

(j) Local Flights - "Any passenger flight starting from, or arriving at the display site, purely for thepurpose of Commercial Air Transportation Pleasure Flying";

(k) Static Aircraft Park- "A Park for aircraft to which the public has access";

(l) Aircraft Parking Area- "A Park for aircraft to which the public has no access";

(m) Car Parks- Where the words "car parks" are used in the text of this Leaflet, the words are onlyintended to apply to car parks to which the public has access during the Flying Display.

Note: For conciseness, the pronoun 'he' is used throughout the text. Where appropriate 'she' should beadded or substituted for 'he'.

1.2 This Leaflet contains proposed safety arrangements which may be applied to Flying Displays.

1.3 Before a Flying Display can be held, an Event Organiser or a Flying Display Director should obtain aPermission in writing from the appropriate Authority of the State in which the display is to take place. TheForm of Application for the Permission at Appendix 1 should be used. Such Permission, when granted,should apply to all flying activities at the display, including Military, and should include any additionalPermissions or Exemptions that may be required under National Regulations for the period of the Display.Such additional Permissions and Exemptions may include those relating to:

(a) Low Flying;

(b) Dropping or raising of articles or persons;

(c) Carriage of persons ('Stand-on-Wing' etc.);

(d) Flying close to crowds;

(e) Flying at a speed greater than 250 kts below 10,000 ft (FL 100);

(f) Landing other than at airfields; and

(g) Exceeding the aerodrome Load Classification Number (LCN).

1.4 A Flying Display Director should not allow a Pilot to take part in a Flying Display unless he holds aPilot Display Authorisation or an Exemption issued by his appropriate National Authority except as exemptedin the following sub-paragraphs:

(a) A Pilot Display Authorisation should not be required by the pilot of a hot air or gas balloon, aparaglider, a hang-glider or by a parachutist;

(b) An Exemption from the need to hold a Pilot Display Authorisation may be granted to a pilot by theappropriate Authority of the State in which the pilot intends to display. An Exemption under thisparagraph should only be issued for the duration of a specific occasion;

(c) A pilot who is flying an aircraft registered as belonging to the Armed Forces of any Member Stateshould be exempt from the requirement to hold a Pilot Display Authorisation;

(d) An Exemption from the need to hold a Pilot Display Authorisation may be granted to the pilot ofan aircraft operated by a Commercial Air Transportation Operator by the appropriate Authority of the

State in which the display is to be held; and


3/24


Section 1/Part 3 5-3 01.02.97

(e) A Pilot Display Authorisation should not be required by a pilot participating in any Race, Rally orCompetition which is held either as part of the Flying Display or as a separate event which is advertisedand open to the public.

2 DISPLAY ACTIVITIES

2.1 This Leaflet contains proposals which should be applied to all aircraft participating in a Flying Displayexcept:

(a) Aircraft (including individual manned balloons) arriving and departing in accordance with normalaviation practice even when operating during the period of a Flying Display. The pilot of a balloon shouldensure that he complies with the Manned Balloon Separation Criteria as shown in Table 2;

(b) Aerial events and activities such as Air Races, Rallies and Competitions conducted inaccordance with the Rules of the Air and normal aviation practice should not require a Permission butshould be subject to the Flying Display arrangements set out in this Leaflet with the exception of thefollowing;

(i) Display Directors should not be required to identify Display Lines and Areas.

(ii) The pilot of an aircraft taking part in any Race, Rally or Competition should be exempt from

the following Flying Display Safety arrangements:

(A) Minimum Levels of Experience (paragraph 3.1).

(B) Currency and Recency (paragraph 3.8).

(C) Carriage of passengers (paragraph 19).

(D) Documentation (paragraph 20, except 1(a) and 1(e)).

(c) Events which consist solely of six or fewer manned balloons; and

(d) Events which consist solely of displays by parachutists, or hang-gliders, or paragliders or model

aircraft.

2.2 Notwithstanding the provisions of 2.1(c) and (d) above if an event consisting of displays by either sixor fewer manned balloons or a parachutist or a hang-glider or a paraglider or model aircraft takes place aspart of a Flying Display for which a Permission should be required, any manned balloon, parachute, hang-glider, paraglider or model aircraft should be included within the appropriate Flying Display arrangements.

2.3 Notwithstanding the provisions of 2.1(c) and (d), any event comprising a combination of two or moreitems, which singly would not be considered as a Flying Display, should require a Permission unless theappropriate Authority considers the event to be such that the provisions of this Leaflet should not apply.

3 PILOT DISPLAY AUTHORISATION

3.1 Minimum Levels of Experience

(a) A pilot applying for the initial issue of a Pilot Display Authorisation should show the minimum levelof experience set out in the following paragraphs:

(i) Pilots of fixed wing aeroplanes (including powered gliders), helicopters and gyrocoptersatotal of 200 hrs flying of which not less than 100 hrs must be as pilot-in-command of a fixed wingaeroplane, helicopter or gyrocopter as appropriate;

(ii) Pilots of microlight/ultralight aircrafta total of 100 hrs flying of which not less than 50 hrsmust be as pilot-in-command of a microlight/ultralight aircraft (3-axis or weightshift asappropriate);

(iii) Pilots of glidersa total of 100 hrs flying of which not less than 50 hrs must be as pilot-in-command of a glider;


4/24


Section 1/Part 3 5-4 01.02.97

(iv) Pilots of powered parachutes/paraglidersa total of 50 hrs flying of which not less than 25hrs must be flying as pilot-in-command of a powered parachute or paraglider;

(v) Pilots of hot air airshipsa total of 100 hrs flying on airships or balloons of which not lessthan 25 hrs must be as pilot-in-command of a hot air airship;

(vi) Pilots of gas airships with a volume exceeding 2000 m3, a total of 200 hrs flying on

airships or balloons of which not less than 100 hrs must be as pilot-in-command of a gas airship;and

(vii) Pilots of gas airships with a volume not exceeding 2000 m3, a total of 100 hrs flying on

airships or balloons of which not less than 50 hrs must be as pilot-in-command of a gas airship.

(b) No Pilot Display Authorisation should be required for the pilot of a balloon, a hang-glider or aparaglider or a parachutist, but he should have attained the following minimum levels of experiencebefore being allowed to participate in a Flying Display:

(i) Pilots of balloons, a total of 50 hrs flying on balloons of which not less than 25 hrs mustbe as pilot-in-command of a hot air or gas balloon as appropriate;

(ii) Pilots of hang-gliders or paragliders, no quantified minima, but any such pilot must havesatisfied the Flying Display Director that he is competent to perform his proposed display; and

(iii) Parachutists, a minimum of 200 jumps for a Team Leader or solo display jumper and aminimum of 100 jumps for each remaining team member.

3.2 Format

(a) Pilot Display Authorisations issued by an appropriate National Authority in accordance with thisLeaflet should contain the following information:

(i) Issuing Authority;

(ii) Date and Place of issue;

(iii) Pilot's name;

(iv) Type, number and Issuing Authority of Pilot's Licence;

(v) Class, Type or individual aircraft on which authorised to display;

(vi) Minimum heights to which authorised to display;

(vii) Whether valid for Aerobatics in addition to Flypasts and if so, in which skill level (seeAppendix 2);

(viii) Any additional authorisations, for example Formation or Special types of flying; and

(ix) Any certification required under National Requirements.

3.3 Issue

A Pilot Display Authorisation should only be issued to a pilot after he has safely demonstrated to theappropriate Authority or an accredited evaluator the appropriate degree of skill and knowledge for the type ofdisplay and the minimum height to be flown. The demonstration should always be flown on an aircraft of theclass or type or on the individual aircraft in which the pilot wishes to be authorised to display (see Appendix2).

3.4 Demonstration of Ability - Fixed Wing Aircraft and Rotorcraft

In order to qualify for the issue of a Pilot Display Authorisation to display a fixed-wing aircraft or rotorcraft,the applicant should demonstrate his competence and proficiency to the appropriate Authority or anaccredited evaluator in handling his aircraft for his intended display programme, with particular regard to:


5/24


Section 1/Part 3 5-5 01.02.97

(a) Maintaining the display axis;

(b) Maintaining the selected height;

(c) Maintaining the agreed timing;

(d) Allowing for variables such as an on-crowd wind; and

(e) Reacting safely to emergencies.

3.5 Demonstration of Ability - Hot Air Airships

In order to qualify for the issue of a Pilot Display Authorisation to display a hot-air airship, the applicantshould demonstrate his ability to:

(a) Lay out and inflate the airship envelope safely (if appropriate) with due consideration to prevailingconditions;

(b) Control the airship on a short tether in preparation for free flight;

(c) Maintain control of spectators;

(d) React safely to emergencies; and

(e) Achieve a safe transition to powered flight.

3.6 Form and Style

The form and style of a Pilot Display Authorisation should be a matter for the appropriate Authority ofeach State. Where possible;

(a) Aircraft should be listed by either Class or Type or as individual aircraft.

(b) A Pilot Display Authorisation should be of such a size that it can be carried by the pilot with hisflying licences.

3.7 Validity

A Pilot Display Authorisation should remain valid for a period not exceeding two years from the date ofinitial issue or renewal, provided that the pilot has met the requirements of Currency and Recency set out in3.8 below.

3.8 Currency and Recency

(a) A pilot holding a Pilot Display Authorisation should show evidence that he has completed, within

the previous 90 days, a display or full practice on the class, type or individual aircraft he proposes to flybefore being eligible to fly in a Flying Display. An entry in the pilot's logbook indicating the flight was adisplay or full practice of his programme should be considered as evidence of recency.

(b) The appropriate Authority may accept that the conditions of (a) above have been met if a practicehas been flown on another representative type from the same aircraft class where a pilot could notreasonably be expected to have practised flying a display on a specific type, because of the age orspecial characteristics of the aircraft or the stringent conditions under which it may be allowed to fly.

3.9 Revocation and Suspension

(a) A Pilot Display Authorisation may be revoked or suspended by an appropriate National Authoritywhen, by his actions, the pilot shows that he is no longer competent to retain such an Authorisation on

the grounds of display or public safety.

(b) A Pilot Display Authorisation should only be revoked by the Authority that issued theAuthorisation; and


6/24


Section 1/Part 3 5-6 01.02.97

(c) A Pilot Display Authorisation may be suspended by an appropriate National Authority wherepermissible under national legislation. In the case where the Authority of one Nation suspends theAuthorisation of the pilot of another Nation, that suspension should be temporary and only for theduration of the display or displays. Additionally, the Nation suspending the Authorisation should, within aperiod of 7 days, furnish a report to the issuing National Authority detailing the circumstances of thesuspension.

4 CROWD SEPARATION DISTANCES

4.1 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that the minimum separation distancesbetween the Display Line and the Crowd Line (as shown in Table 1 below) are observed.

Maximum displayspeed in kts

Type of Display

Flypast Aerobatics

< 100 kts* 50 metres 100 metres100 - 200 kts 100 metres 150 metres200 - 300 kts 150 metres 200 metres

Above 300 kts 200 metres 230 metres

Table 1 Flypasts & Aerobatics - Minimum Separation Distances

* A Flying Display Director may allow a lesser distance for displays by helicopters in the hover.

4.2 Display Pilots should ensure that turns and manoeuvres are always completed in a manner suchthat:

(a) The aircraft does not in any circumstances infringe the Separation Distances laid down in Table1;

(b) Where, during the display, the aircraft has a velocity vector towards the crowd, appropriatemargins are applied;

(c) Due allowance is made for the effects of any on-crowd wind component; and

(d) When aircraft are flying in formation, minimum separation distances apply to the aircraftperforming nearest to the Crowd Line.

4.3 Normal take-offs and landings may be executed on the runway in use provided that the runwaycentreline is at least 75m from the Crowd Line. The appropriate Authority may grant a concession to allow alesser distance only in cases where geographical or topographical features or the layout of the airfield restrictthe distance available. The grant of any concession may be conditional on the type of aircraft to bedisplayed.

4.4 Display Pilots of aircraft the display speed of which dictates a separation distance greater than 75mmay use the runway for take-off and landing and may perform manoeuvres with vectors away from the crowdafter take-off with the object of regaining the appropriate display line as rapidly as possible in a safe manner.

4.5 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that, where spectators enclosures or carparks are situated on both sides of the display line, the distances shown in Table 1 are observed on bothsides.

5 OVERFLIGHT OF SPECTATORS

5.1 A participating pilot should not fly his aircraft over spectators' enclosures or car parks except for:

(a) The aircraft containing a parachute team whilst positioning to drop the team, but not below 1500ft above ground level; and

(b) Manned balloons, but not below the heights specified in Table 2 below.


7/24


Section 1/Part 3 5-7 01.02.97

5.2 A parachutist should not overfly spectators enclosures or carparks below 25 ft.

Type of

Display

Separation

Distance

Min. Height and

Conditions forOverflight of Public

TetheredFlight

20 m n/a

Free flighttake-offs

from displayarea

20 m 75 ft agl for overflightin climbing flight

50 ft clear of obstacles

Free flightlandings intodisplay area

50 m 300 ft agl for overflightin level flight

50 ft clear of obstacles

Table 2 Manned Balloon Separation Criteria

6 MINIMUM DISPLAY HEIGHTS

6.1 A Display Pilot should not perform either flypasts or aerobatic manoeuvres below a minimum heightof 200 ft above ground level, or the minimum height shown on his Pilot Display Authorisation (whichever isthe higher), except as provided in 6.2 below.

6.2 Where a pilot holds a Pilot Display Authorisation, with a minimum height below 200 ft above groundlevel, the Authority responsible for permitting the event may allow that pilot to display down to the minimumheight shown on his Pilot Display Authorisation.

6.3 The provisions of paragraphs 6.1 and 6.2 above should not apply during the period when the aircrafttakes off or lands at the event location provided that the display element of the flight does not start below, orhas been completed before the aircraft reaches, the minimum heights allowed. The provisions should alsonot apply to helicopters when hovering as part of their display.

6.4 A pilot who does not hold a Pilot Display Authorisation may only display in his own State to theminimum height set by that State. Should he wish to take part in a Flying Display in a State that has notintroduced Pilot Display Authorisations, he may only fly down to the minimum height set by that State.

6.5 The appropriate Authority may set a higher minimum height for any event on grounds of publicsafety.

6.6 A Flying Display Director may direct a pilot not to fly or to fly the whole or part of his programme at aminimum height greater than that laid down in his pilot Display Authorisation based on safety considerationsor if he is not satisfied that the pilot has fulfilled the currency and recency requirements laid down inparagraph 3.8.

6.7 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for notifying minimum display heights to allparticipating pilots in both written and oral briefings as required in paragraph 13.

7 DISPLAY LINES AND AREAS

7.1 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for taking into account the following factors whenselecting Display Lines and Areas:


8/24


Section 1/Part 3 5-8 01.02.97

(a) Any significant features under the proposed display area;

(b) The proximity of residential, industrial, recreational and environmentally sensitive areas;

(c) The proximity of other aerodromes or aeronautical sites and events;

(d) The Classification of the airspace;

(e) The surface to be used as the runway if aircraft are planned to take-off or land at the site;

(f) Obstacles in the vicinity of the site; and

(g) Site access, particularly for emergency vehicles.

7.2 Whereas the Event Organiser may be responsible for the site layout, a Flying Display Director shouldbe responsible for ensuring that, where possible, spectator enclosures and car parks shall be confined to oneside of the site to allow maximum freedom to displaying aircraft. A Flying Display Director will also wish toensure that spectator enclosures and car parks are never located in the approach or departure sector of theaerodrome or display site.

7.3 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that Display Lines are clearly identified.In identifying display lines, use should be made of runways and other natural features where possible. It is notnecessary to identify lines for all aircraft speeds, but details of all display lines, together with appropriatedistances, should be given in both written and oral briefings.

7.4 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that the area(s) over which the display ispermitted are suitably identified in both written and oral briefings although they need not be marked.

7.5 A Display Pilot should display his aircraft relative to the Display Line.

7.6 The axis of the display need not necessary be parallel to the Display Line but, whatever axis the pilotselects, he should ensure that he can perform his display such that he does not infringe the minimumseparation distances laid down in Table 1.

8 MAXIMUM DISPLAY SPEEDS

8.1 A Display Pilot should not fly an aircraft in a Flying Display at a speed greater than 600 kts or Mach0.90 true or initiate any manoeuvre that may result in an inadvertent sonic boom.

8.2 A Flying Display Director should request that Permission for aircraft to exceed 250 kts IAS below10,000 ft (FL 100) during the period of a Flying Display is included, when necessary, in the Permission for theFlying Display.

9 MANNED BALLOONS

9.1 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that, when manned balloons are part of

a Flying Display, or where an event consists entirely of more than six manned balloons, the minimumseparation criteria between the public and any part of the balloon or its tethering points, prescribed in Table 2,are observed.

9.2 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that the balloon site or launch field issafely enclosed to prevent access by the public to the balloons or accompanying vehicles.

9.3 The pilot of a manned balloon should be responsible for ensuring that his balloon is inflated, tetheredand flown in accordance with National Requirements except as provided in this section and that, for displaysof tethered flight, his balloon is tethered with 3 point restraint.

9.4 Where manned balloon tethering or take-offs on free flights are planned to be performed in front ofthe public, a Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that these are adequately separated

in distance or time from other flying events.

10 PARACHUTE DISPLAYS


9/24


Section 1/Part 3 5-9 01.02.97

10.1 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that when a Parachute descent isplanned, the parachuting is conducted in accordance with National Requirements supplemented by therequirements in the following sub-paragraphs:

(a) Where the designated landing site is on the flying side of the Crowd Line, no part of that siteshould be closer than 15 m to the Crowd Line;

(b) Where the designated landing site is in an area set aside for the public, it should be safely

enclosed (with rope, tape or fencing) and no parachutist should land closer than 15 m to any spectator;

(c) The landing site should be suitably marked and should be clearly identifiable by each parachutistfrom the time he exits the aircraft;

(d) Individual parachutists should ensure that their main parachutes are deployed fully by a minimumheight of 1500 ft above ground level;

(e) Radio contact should be established and maintained throughout the descent between thedropping aircraft, the ground site co-ordinator and the Air Traffic Service (ATS) if one has been set up.Where this is not feasible, an authorised system of ground-to-air signals should be used; and

(f) A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that:

(i) In order to minimise the risk to descending parachutists, all pilots are briefed on theprocedures to be followed at that particular event;

(ii) In no circumstances are propellers, jet engines or helicopter rotors to be turning closer than250 m to the intended landing site during the period that the parachutists are descending; and

(iii) Pilots of aircraft outside a radius of 250m, (1000 m in the case of Local Flights) both airborneand on the ground, remain aware of the progress of the descending parachutists. Those on theground should be prepared to stop any propeller, jet engine or helicopter rotor if descendingparachutists are seen to be drifting close to their aircraft.

11 MODEL AIRCRAFT DISPLAYS

11.1 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that when a Model Aircraft Display isplanned, model aircraft flying is conducted in accordance with National Requirements supplemented by therequirements in the following sub-paragraphs.

(a) A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that no uncontrolled free-flight modelaircraft is flown during the period of the Flying Display;

(b) A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that model aircraft are not flowncloser to the Crowd Line than the distances set out in Table 3 below;

(c) Where the designated model aircraft display venue is in an area set aside for the public, it shouldbe safely enclosed and the Separation Distances set out in Table 3 below should be maintained;


10/24


Section 1/Part 3 5-10 01.02.97

Model Aircraft Model Weight(kg)

SeparationDistance

Line-controlled all 15 m

Radio-controlled(piston)

less than 7 kgabove 7 kg

30 m50 m

Radio-controlled(jet powered)

all 75 m

Table 3 Model Aircraft Separation Distances

(d) A Flying Display Director may add an additional distance for models of exceptional dimensions;

(e) Where it is proposed that model aircraft are displayed in front of the public, a Flying DisplayDirector should be responsible for ensuring that their displays are adequately separated in distance ortime from other flying events;

(f) A Flying Display Director should be responsible for arranging strict control of transmitters andfrequencies; and

(g) A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that flying by radio-controlled modelsis not allowed with a wind speed in excess of 25 kts or visibility of less than 500 m.

12 LOCAL FLIGHTS

12.1 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for co-ordinating Local Flights during a FlyingDisplay. Whilst the Flying Display Director has discretion in which areas such flights may operate, if allowed,he should be responsible for ensuring that these flights are not allowed within the display area either:

(a) During low level aerobatic displays; or

(b) During parachute descents, unless any Local Flight aircraft remains at least 1000 metres awayfrom any descending parachutists. (see also paragraph 10.1(f)(iii)).

13 DISPLAY BRIEFINGS

13.1 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that, in advance of the display date, allparticipants are sent a written flying briefing which should include the following items:

(a) Place, date, time and duration of the display;

(b) Planned display programme and time of briefing(s);

(c) Map of display location showing layout of site with crowd areas, display lines and display areas;

(d) Air Traffic Services information about:

(i) Arrivals and departures;

(ii) Transponder codes and radio frequencies; and

(iii) Display procedures.

(e) Display limits and weather minima;


11/24


Section 1/Part 3 5-11 01.02.97

(f) Local flying restrictions;

(g) Environmental considerations;

(h) Emergency Services and procedures;

(i) Ground handling, parking and refuelling procedures;

(j) Documentation requirements; and

(k) Names of display officials together with contact telephone and fax numbers.

13.2 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for arranging an oral briefing before flyingcommences on the first day of the display and on each subsequent day when the event is of more than asingle day's duration. He should be responsible for ensuring that a copy of the Permission to hold the event isdisplayed prominently at that briefing and that the following items are included in the oral display briefing:

(a) Conditions of the Display Permission;

(b) Local flying restrictions;

(c) Weather conditions, actual and forecast for the display period;

(d) Detailed flying programme including callsigns and flying activities before and after the maindisplay together with any individually permitted minimum display heights;

(e) Air Traffic Services information about:

(i) Arrivals and departures;

(ii) Transponder codes and radio frequencies; and

(iii) Display procedures.

(f) Layout of:

(i) Crowd area(s);

(ii) Display line(s); and

(iii) Display area(s).

(g) Emergency Services and procedures; and

(h) Ground handling, parking and refuelling procedures.

13.3 A Display Pilot of an aircraft flying directly into his performance at the display is responsible forensuring that he has received a briefing from the Flying Display Director, supplementing the written briefingrequired under paragraph 13.1 above, before taking off from his departure airfield.

14 GROUND HANDLING OF AIRCRAFT

14.1 Whereas the Event Organiser may be responsible for the site layout, a Flying Display Director shouldbe responsible for ensuring that;

(a) Effective barriers are provided to prevent access by the public to Aircraft Parking Areas andareas in use for aircraft operations and that these barriers remain in place during all flying in connectionwith the Flying Display. He should also be responsible for ensuring that access to these restricted areasis controlled such that only authorised personnel are allowed to enter;

(b) Aircraft refuelling areas are similarly controlled and there is a minimum distance of 15m betweenthe refuelling aircraft or equipment and the spectators. In the case of filling hydrogen gas balloons orairships or balloon cylinders, this minimum distance should be increased to 100m;


12/24


Section 1/Part 3 5-12 01.02.97

(c) The minimum distance between any part of a taxying aircraft and the spectators is 10m, but heshould allow extra distances from taxying jet aircraft or helicopters; and

(d) Where aircraft are parked in front of the crowd line the safety distances in (b) and (c) above aremaintained before refuelling or taxying takes place.

15 CROWD CONTROL AND COMMUNICATIONS

15.1 Whereas the Event Organiser may be responsible for crowd control and ground communications, aFlying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that;

(a) Sufficient marshals are available either from the police or from within his own organisation tocontrol members of the public, to be available in case of an emergency and to prevent public accessbeyond the Crowd Line and to the Aircraft Parking Areas and that these marshals have been fullybriefed on their duties in both normal and emergency situations;

(b) Adequate ground communications are in place linking the Flying Display Director with all theappropriate ground Agencies and in particular with the Emergency Services;

(c) A suitable communications Control Point is set up, manned by an experienced operator.Communications with the Emergency Services should be provided and also with the Air Traffic Servicewhere this has been established;

(d) A public address system is provided. In determining what type of public address system isrequired, a Flying Display Director should take into account the following:

(i) The size of the event;

(ii) The layout of the event; and

(iii) The aeronautical content.

(e) Where a Commentator is present he is located such that important or emergency informationcan be given to him rapidly for broadcast to the public.

16 INSURANCE

16.1 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that, when required by the conditions ofthe Permission, adequate Third Party and Public Liability insurance cover has been obtained for the eventincluding preview, practice or press days or any such occasion whether or not the public is admitted.

16.2 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that a copy of the Certificate or otherpapers showing the extent of the insurance cover obtained is received by the appropriate Authority before thedate at which that cover commences.

16.3 A Flying Display Director should satisfy himself that aircraft operators are also covered by adequateThird Party and Public Liability insurance.

16.4 In considering the amount of Third Party and Public Liability insurance he should take out, theoperator of an aircraft participating in a Flying Display should be aware that in the event of an accident orincident, liability may be determined subsequently against the ground organisation or the operator or pilot, ora combination of both.

16.5 Aircraft operators are responsible for ensuring that, before participating in a Flying Display in acountry other than the one in which they normally operate that they are covered by adequate Third Party andPublic Liability insurance to meet the requirements of the Flying Display Director.

17 ITEMS FOR INCLUSION IN A FLYING DISPLAY


13/24


Section 1/Part 3 5-13 01.02.97

17.1 A Flying Display Director should consult the appropriate Authority early in the planning cycle if he hasdoubts about the suitability or otherwise of an item proposed to be included in a Flying Display and shouldinform the Authority of any changes if so required.

18 AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION

18.1 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that all details of the Airspace

Requirements for the Flying Display are passed to the appropriate Authority or ATS so that airspace co-ordination action can be taken and details promulgated in NOTAMs.

19 CARRIAGE OF PASSENGERS

19.1 A Display Pilot of an aircraft, other than a hot air balloon, should be responsible for ensuring that noperson, other than crew essential for the display item, is carried on board his aircraft during the Display.However, where he considers that it would be advantageous to carry additional persons without prejudice todisplay safety, he has obtained the Permission of the appropriate Authority.

20 DOCUMENTATION

20.1 A Display Pilot should be responsible for ensuring that the following documentation is available for

inspection by the appropriate Authority or the Flying Display Director:

(a) His Pilot's Licence to show Class and/or Type ratings;

(b) His Flying Log Book (or a copy or other evidence) to show details of currency and recency;

(c) His Pilot Display Authorisation or Exemption;

(d) The insurance certificate for his aircraft as required in paragraph 16.3 above;

(e) Airworthiness Documentation (Certificate of Airworthiness or Permit or equivalent); and

(f) Subject to prior notification, any other documentation relevant to himself or his aircraft required by

the appropriate Authority or the Flying Display Director.

21 APPLICATION FOR A PERMISSION TO HOLD A FLYING DISPLAY

21.1 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that:

(a) The Application for a Permission to hold a Flying Display, for which the appropriate Authority maylevy a charge, is received by that Authority a minimum of 30 days in advance of the date of the proposeddisplay; and

(b) He has completed all sections of the Application Form at Appendix 1.

22 WEATHER MINIMA

22.1 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that display flying is not permitted unlessthe weather conditions at the display location exceed the minima prescribed in Table 4 below.

Type of Display Weather Minima

Cloud Base Visibility

VSTOL aircraft, Rotorcraft andother aircraft with stalling speedsbelow 50 kts.

Flypasts or FlatAerobatic Displays

Solo Aircraft

Formations

500 ft *

500 ft

1.5 km

3.0 km

Full AerobaticDisplays

Solo Aircraft

Formations

500 ft

800 ft

3.0 km

5.0 kmFlypasts or Flat

Aerobatic Displays

Solo Aircraft

Formations

500 ft

800 ft

3.0 km

5.0 km

Flying Displays by other aircraft

Full Aerobatic

Solo Aircraft

Piston Formations

1000 ft

1000 ft

5.0 km

5.0 km


14/24


Section 1/Part 3 5-14 01.02.97

DisplaysJet Formations 1500 ft 8.0 km

Table 4 Minimum Weather Conditions

* The minimum cloudbase may be reduced to 250ft above ground level when aircraft are operating from thedisplay site. Flights at this lower height should only be allowed within the Display Area.

22.2 A Flying Display Director should take into account the airspace classification as well as othermeteorological variables, such as wind velocity and precipitation, in deciding what events may take placeduring the display.

23 AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES

23.1 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for taking the required co-ordination action with theAir Traffic Unit(s) concerned where the event takes place at a site at which an Air Traffic Service (ATS) isnormally provided and should submit details of the agreements reached for approval by the appropriateAuthority.

23.2 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for consulting the appropriate Authority early in theplanning cycle where the event takes place at a site at which an ATS is not normally provided in order to

determine whether or not an ATS is needed and, if so, the type required.

23.3 The need to provide an Air Traffic Service will depend on:

(a) The size and complexity of the Flying Display programme;

(b) The need to co-ordinate display activities; and

(c) Activities of other airspace users.

23.4 The relevant Authority should consider the need to establish temporary restricted airspace tosafeguard the airspace required for the duration of the larger displays.

23.5 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that co-ordination with the ATS coversthe following:

(a) The period and type of service to be given;

(b) The airspace to be covered;

(c) The procedures to be complied with in that airspace; and

(d) The radio frequencies and transponder codes to be used.

23.6 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that if aircraft are taking off and landingat the display site, means of indicating the landing direction and the surface wind are provided.

23.7 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that when an ATS is provided, an ATSrepresentative is present at the pilots' oral briefing. (see paragraph 13.3).

24 EMERGENCY COVER

24.1 Emergency Services

(a) A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that Emergency Services areavailable at the Flying Display. The scale of personnel and equipment at the display location or on callfrom within the local area will depend on the size and composition of the event itself. The Police,Ambulance and Fire services should always be included, but participation by other Agencies will be atthe discretion of the Flying Display Director.

(b) A Flying Display Director should take the following into account when determining the level ofprotection to be provided at a display site from which aircraft are operating:


15/24


Section 1/Part 3 5-15 01.02.97

(i) The characteristics of the largest participating aircraft;

(ii) The content of ICAO Annex 14 relevant to rescue and fire-fighting services; and

(iii) National Requirements.

(c) A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that, when aircraft are not landing at,or operating from the display site, the standard of emergency services reflects the requirements of the

event itself. However, the Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that arrangementsare made for additional resources to be available in the event of a major accident or incident.

(d) A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that suitable specialised rescueequipment is available where the display site is situated close to water, swampy areas or any otherdifficult environmental location.

(e) Although the overall responsibility for liaison with the Emergency services may rest with the EventOrganiser, the Flying Display Director would be advised to ensure that;

(i) Police - The local Police are informed well in advance of any planned event in order toprepare the necessary safety and security arrangements and that, in co-operation with the Police,clear approach and exit routes are available for emergency service vehicles in the event of an

accident;

(ii) Ambulance and First Aid Services - Depending on the size of the event and the number ofspectators expected, medical and first aid facilities as well as ambulances are available at thedisplay site during the flying event, staffed by appropriately qualified personnel; and

(iii) Fire Services - Depending on the size of the event, an adequate fire-fighting and rescueservice, suitably located and equipped, is held in readiness at the display site in case of anaircraft accident either on or near the display site.

24.2 Aerodrome Emergency Planning

(a) A Flying Display Director should be responsible for drawing up an Emergency Plan incorporatingthe various Emergency Services to deal with an aircraft accident or incident or other ground emergency.

(b) The Emergency Plan should contain details of the following:

(i) The type of emergency, aircraft or ground (e.g. aircraft incidents, bomb threats etc.);

(ii) Agencies involved in the plan;

(iii) The responsibilities and role of each Agency;

(iv) A grid map of the display location showing all emergency points, access routes and controlcentres;

(v) Communications; and

(vi) Names, designations, contact details (telephone/radio) and locations of responsible officials.

(c) Depending on the size and complexity of the Flying Display, a Flying Display Director should:

(i) Be responsible for ensuring that a designated Emergency Services Centre is set up mannedby, or with immediate access communications to the individual Emergency Services and thatcommunications links to the Flying Display Director, Air Traffic Service and other appropriatesections are provided;

(ii) Hold a dedicated meeting with representatives of all the Emergency Services, before the date

of the event, to ensure all the services are aware of the details of the Emergency Plan; and

(iii) Consider making arrangements for continuous TV/Video cover of the complete Display forsubsequent use should there be an accident or incident.


16/24


Section 1/Part 3 5-16 01.02.97


17/24


Section 1/Part 3 5-17 01.02.97

APPENDIX 1

FLYING DISPLAY APPLICATION FORM

(Must be received at least 30 days before the event)This form provides the information necessary for the Authority to process any Permission or Exemption

which may be required under national aviation law. Please answer all questions appropriate to the intendedactivity.

1 EVENT DETAILS

Name or nature of event: ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Name of Display Site:..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Date(s) including practice, press or alternate days:

................................................................................................

Time(s) of Flying Activity (Local): ...........................................................................................................................

Name of Event Organiser:......................................................................................................................................

Address:....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Telephone/Fax Numbers Office: ..................................... Private:

..................................................................

Name of Flying Display Director:............................................................................................................................(person responsible for organising flying) (aeronautical background is attached)

Address: .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Telephone/Fax Numbers Office: ................................ Private: ..................................................................

2 SITE LAYOUT

Map Sheet No .......................... National Grid Reference: .................................................................(or Lat/Long)

Large scale up-to-date Maps must be attached to show location and layout of the site area including detailsof:

(i) Display axis/axes.(ii) Boundaries of display area.(iii) Spectator's enclosures and car parks.

3 ATS CO-ORDINATION

For any necessary Airspace co-ordination action, please indicate extent of aerial activity:


18/24


Section 1/Part 3 5-18 01.02.97

(i) Name and Classification of airspace (A-G)......................................................................................................

(ii) Maximum height required...............ft AMSL

(iii) Maximum radius from display site...........km

(iv) Local flights by fixed or rotary wing aircraft:

.....................................................................................................

(v) Name of Authority consulted:...........................................................................................................................

(vi) Details of agreements reached:.......................................................................................................................

4 INSURANCE

(i) Details of Policy: ..............................................................................................................................................

(ii) Name of Insurer: ..............................................................................................................................................

(iii) Third Party and Public Liability sum covered:..................................................................................................

(iv) Any other information:......................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................................(A copy of the Certificate will be required by the Authority before a Permission can be granted.)

5 CONSULTATION WITH EMERGENCY SERVICES

(Copies of relevant documents to be attached.)

POLICE Name of Authority Consulted:.............................................................................................................

(ii) Address: ...........................................................................................................................................................

............................................. Telephone/Fax Numbers:

...................................................................................

(iii) Details of Agreements reached:.......................................................................................................................

FIRE SERVICE Name of Authority Consulted: ................................................................................................

(ii) Address: ...........................................................................................................................................................


...................................................................................


MEDICAL SERVICES Name of Authority Consulted:..........................................................................................

(ii) Address: ...........................................................................................................................................................


19/24


Section 1/Part 3 5-19 01.02.97


...................................................................................


6 CHARGES (Where applicable)

Cheque or Draft No:................................ for Display Charge of ........................... is enclosed.(This must be received before a Permission can be granted.)


20/24


Section 1/Part 3 5-20 01.02.97

7 PARTICIPATING AIRCRAFT SECTION (Subject to change)

All aircraft, both Civil and Military, Parachute Teams and Model aircraft must be included:

It is appreciated that full details may not be available at the time of application, but as much information aspossible should be provided.

Copies should be provided to appropriate Authorities under paragraph 3 and 5

Aircraft type Registration Operator orowner

Pilot Licencetype

DA No.(if held)

Min Ht Activity


21/24


Section 1/Part 3 5-21 01.02.97

8 CERTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE BY FLYING DISPLAY DIRECTOR

I .................................................................................................................................................................

being the Flying Director of a Flying Display to be held

at ............................................................................................................................................................

on ....................................................

hereby certify that the event has been, or will be, organised in accordance with the relevant provisions of(JAA Reference) except in the following cases, where I apply for an Exemption/Dispensation. I further certifythat the appropriate charge for the Permission requested has been paid to the Authority.

Exemption/Dispensation requested:

Signed: .......................................................................................................................

Date: ...............................................

When completed, this form, together with any attachments and the appropriate fee (where applicable) shouldbe forwarded to:

Civil Aviation Authority(National address)

to arrive at least 30 days before the event. Particularly in the busy display season it may not be possible toprocess applications giving the Authority shorter notice.


22/24


Section 1/Part 3 5-22 01.02.97

APPENDIX 2 - MANOEUVRES INCLUDED IN THE VARIOUS AEROBATIC SKILL LEVELS

1 PURPOSE

1.1 The lists of aerobatic figures form guidelines for the degree of difficulty or complexity of figures whichcan be expected within each of the four Aerobatic Categories or Skill Levels listed in paragraph 1.1(i) of thisLeaflet.

1.2 A demonstration of safe and competent flying of an appropriate range of figures from those listedbelow shows the ability of the pilot to fly aerobatics in a given category, for the purpose of the issue orrenewal of a Pilot Display Authorisation

1.3 The manoeuvres are divided into nine Families within each Skill Level. Reference should be made tothe FAI Aerobatic Catalogue but it should be appreciated that some manoeuvres are not contained in thatcatalogue although they are recognised Internationally.

1,4 The nine Families are;

(a) Family 1 - Lines and Angles

(b) Family 2 - Turns and Rolling Turns

(c) Family 3 - Not in use by the FAI

(d) Family 4 - Spins

(e) Family 5 - Stall Turns (Hammerheads)

(f) Family 6 - Tail Slides

(g) Family 7 - Loops and Eights

(h) Family 8 - Combinations of Lines, Angles, Loops and Rolls

(i) Family 9 - Rolls

2 STANDARD/SPORTSMAN

2.1 Lines- Mainly horizontal in normal flight.

2.2 Turns- Turns through 90 to 360 degrees in normal flight.

2.3 Spins- Normal Spins of one turn, with entry and exit in normal flight.

2.4 Stall Turns- Stall Turns with normal entry and exit.

2.5 Loops and Eights- Inside circular Loops with normal entry and exit.

2.6 Combinations- Half an inside Loop followed by a half Roll ("Roll off the Top".) Five eighths of aninside Loop combined with a half Roll on climbing entry or diving exit Line ("Reverse Half Cuban 8" or "HalfCuban 8")

2.7 Rolls- Slow (Aileron) Rolls on horizontal line. Positive flick (Snap) Roll on horizontal line.

3 INTERMEDIATE

3.1 Lines and Angles

3.1.1 Lines- Mainly horizontal or 45 degree climbing or diving Lines in normal flight.

3.1.2 Angles- Change of flight path between Lines normally through Angles of not more than 90 degrees.


23/24


Section 1/Part 3 5-23 01.02.97

3.2 Turns- Turns through 90 to 360 degrees, starting and finishing in normal or inverted flight.

3.3 Spins- Normal Spins of one or two turns with entry and exit in normal flight.

3.4 Stall Turns- Stall turns with normal entry and exit, with or without quarter Rolls in the vertical climband/or dive.

3.5 Loops and Eights- Inside Half Loops, Loops and "Cuban 8s" with normal entry and exit. Loops may

be circular or square.

3.6 Combinations- Half to five eighths of an inside Loop may be combined with entry or exit Lines andAngles. Quarter or half Rolls may be included on the Lines.

3.7 Rolls- By definition these are inserted in Lines or other figures. Slow (Aileron) Rolls, 2 Point or 4Point Rolls, with between a quarter and one rotation flown in any one of the positions referred to above.Positive Flick (Snap) Roll on 45 degree diving Line.

4 ADVANCED

4.1 Lines and Angles

4.1.1 Lines - Horizontal, climbing and diving in normal flight and vertical Lines climbing and diving. AllLines may be flown with or without Rolls.

4.1.2 Angles- Flight through any Angle between such lines, with a change of flight path typically between45 and 135 degrees.

4.2 Turns and Rolling Turns - Turns through 90 to 360 degrees starting and finishing in normal orinverted flight, with or without Rolls, with rotation in the same or opposite direction to the Turn.

4.3 Spins- Normal and Inverted Spins of one turn with entry and exit in normal or inverted flight.

4.4 Stall Turns - Stall Turns with normal or inverted entry and exit with or without Rolls in the verticalclimb and/or dive.

4.5 Loops and Eights- Inside and outside Half Loops, Loops and Horizontal Eights ("inside" + "outside"),with normal or inverted entry and exit. Loops may be circular, square, diamond or eight-sided. Rolls may beinserted in Loops and Eights.

4.6 Combinations of Lines, Angles, Loops and Rolls- Half to three-quarters of an inside or outside Loopmay be combined with entry or exit Lines or Angles and Rolls may be included on the Lines.

4.7 Rolls- by definition these are inserted in Lines or other figures. Slow (Aileron) Rolls, 2 Point, 4 Pointor 8 Point Rolls, Positive Flick (Snap) Rolls with typically between a quarter and one rotation flown in any ofthe positions referred to above.

5 UNLIMITED

5.1 By definition there is no restriction on the figures which a pilot flying in the Unlimited Category mayperform.

5.2 Lines and Angles - Similar to Advanced Category but including more advanced combinations.Horizontal and other Lines of "Knife edge" flight may be flown.

5.3 Turns and Rolling Turns - Turns through 90 to 360 degrees starting and finishing in normal orinverted flight, with or without Rolls, with rotation in the same and/or opposite direction to the Turn. [Thewhole Turn might be at an inclined angle.]

5.4 Spins- Normal and Inverted Spins of one or two turns with entry and exit in normal or inverted flight.[Flat Spins might be demonstrated.]


24/24


5.5 Stall Turns - Stall Turns with normal or inverted entry and exit, with or without Rolls in the verticalclimb and/or dive.

5.6 Tail Slides- Tail Slides with normal or inverted entry and exit, with Rolls in the vertical climb and/ordive.

5.7 Loops and Eights - Inside and outside Half Loops, Loops and Horizontal Eights (including "doubleoutside"), with normal or inverted entry and exit; Eights with climbing or diving entry and/or exit. Loops may

be entered at the top (e.g. Bunts). Loops may be circular, square, diamond or eight sided. Rolls may beinserted in several positions in Loops and Eights. [Loops may have diving entry and/or exit; Vertical Eightsand "S's" may be flown; all figures in this Family may be flown at an inclined angle.]

5.8 Combinations of Lines, Angles, Loops and Rolls- Half to three quarters of an inside or outside Loopmay be combined with entry or exit Lines and Angles and Rolls may be included on the Lines [or Loops].

5.9 Rolls- by definition these are inserted in Lines or other figures. Slow (Aileron) Rolls, 2 Point, 4 Pointor 8 Point Rolls, positive Flick (Snap) Rolls, negative Flick (Snap) Rolls with typically between a quarter andtwo rotations flown in any position. [Multiple Rolls of any type may be flown in a vast number of combinationswith other figures. Many different Point Rolls are possible.] [Torque Rolls are like a rolling Tail Slide, rollingvertically up then backwards an aircraft length or so.]

5.10 Lomcevaks- This Family encompasses a variety of figures characterised by a climbing Line or Loopfollowed by different attitudes of auto-rotation induced by a combination of aerodynamic and torque effects.Simple, relatively uncontrolled "tumbles" are basic examples of Lomcevaks.

Documents

jaa-airshow