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1/21/2015
1
Practical Considerations for Minimizing Environmental Impact of Turf Nutrition
J. Bryan Unruh, Ph.D.
Extension Turf Specialist
Two Ways That Fertilizers Can Pollute
• Leaching through soil profile – this is what nitrogen will do in soils –especially sandy soils.
Two Ways That Fertilizers Can Pollute
• Surface water run‐off – this is what nitrogen and phosphorus can do.
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Clean Up Properly
• Be careful not to apply fertilizer particles onto sidewalks, roadways, or other impervious surfaces where they might wind up in the storm drain.
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200 linear feet X 5 feet wide mower = 1,000 ft2
2,000 grams clippings (dry weight)3.5% nitrogen in the clippings =
70 grams nitrogen =0.15 lbs nitrogen
16
How To Properly Apply Fertilizer
• Use a deflector shield when fertilizing near water bodies or impervious surfaces.
17
Fertilizing Around Water
“Ring of Responsibility”
Nutrient Import from Sod
• Properly harvested sod comes with ~ ½” of soil.
– Nutrients applied at the farm are likely transported with the sod.
• Irrigation during sodestablishment can beexcessive if guidelinesare not followed properly.
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• How much does a pallet of sod weigh?
• How much total N and P is contained in a pallet of sod?
PalletWeight
% Nutrient Lbs/Nutrient/Pallet
Ft2/Pallet Lbs/Nutrient/1,000 ft2
Mineral 2800 0.2 %N 5.6 450 12.4
2800 0.02 %P 0.56 450 1.24
Muck 2000 0.6 %N 12 450 26.7
2000 0.06 %P 1.2 450 2.67
Nutrient Import from Sod
Nitrate-N Leaching from Established Centipedegrass
01-May-05 01-Jun-05 01-Jul-05 01-Aug-05 01-Sep-05 01-Oct-05 01-Nov-05 01-Dec-05
To
tal N
O3 L
each
ed (
kg h
a-1)
0
1
2
3
4
5
Rai
nfa
ll (m
m)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
6.13 kg/ha12.25 kg/ha24.50 kg/ha49.00 kg/ha
Arrows denote fertilizer application dates.
Sod installation
Nitrate-N Leaching from Established St. Augustinegrass
01-May-05 01-Jun-05 01-Jul-05 01-Aug-05 01-Sep-05 01-Oct-05 01-Nov-05 01-Dec-05
To
tal N
O3 L
each
ed (
kg h
a-1)
0
1
2
3
4
5
Rai
nfal
l (m
m)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
16.17 kg/ha32.83 kg/ha65.17 kg/ha98.00 kg/ha
Arrows denote fertilizer application dates.
Sod installation
Impact of Fertilizer Applications to Semi-Dormant andDormant Lawn Grasses on Environmental Quality
01-Oct-06 01-Nov-06 01-Dec-06 01-Jan-07 01-Feb-07 01-Mar-07 01-Apr-07 01-May-07
Tot
al N
O3 L
each
ed (
kg h
a-1
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
0.0 kg N ha-1
6.13 kg N ha-1
12.25 kg N ha-1
24.50 kg N ha-1
49.00 kg N ha-1 Rai
n (m
m)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Arrows denote fertilizer application dates.
Sod installed 25-Sep-06
Nutrient Import from Sod
Nutrient Export
• In some regions of the US, waste products are being used on sod production fields with the intent of exporting nutrients into the urban environment where they will be used by the turf.
Practical Considerations• Avoid fertilization of newly laid sod for 30 – 60 days.
– Sufficient nutrients likely exist.
• Encourage sod installers/landscapers to inquire about the timing of the last farm‐applied nutrients.
– Use ranges rather than specific dates
• < 2 weeks = no fertilizer for 60 days• 2 – 4 weeks = no fertilizer for 30 – 60 days• > 4 weeks = no fertilizer for 30 days
– This could prove burdensome for less “tech‐savvy” producers.
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`
2
sdoptTobsT
21
1
e
100GP
GP = growth potentialobsT = observed temperature (F)
optT = optimum turf growth temperature (F)sd = standard deviation of the distribution
(sd warm = 12; sd cool = 10)e = natural logarithm base 2.718282…
http://www.paceturf.org/JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Per
cen
t Gro
wth
Po
ten
tial
0
20
40
60
80
100
Pensacola Tallahassee Jacksonville Gainesville Daytona Beach Orlando Tampa Ft. Pierce Naples Ft. Lauderdale Homestead Key West
2
sdoptTobsT
21
1
e
100GP
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Perc
ent
Gro
wth
Pote
ntia
l
0
20
40
60
80
100
Sioux City Council Bluffs Des Moines Burlington DubuqueMason City Lansing
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6
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Pe
rce
nt G
row
th P
ote
ntia
l
0
20
40
60
80
100
Sioux City Council Bluffs Des Moines Burlington DubuqueMason City Lansing
Sioux City Council Bluffs Des Moines Burlington Dubuque Mason City Lansing
lbs N 1,000 ft2
JAN 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00FEB 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00MAR 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00APR 0.13 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.10 0.06 0.12MAY 0.54 0.60 0.60 0.61 0.46 0.41 0.55JUN 0.68 0.64 0.65 0.64 0.70 0.70 0.70JUL 0.57 0.48 0.50 0.48 0.65 0.66 0.62AUG 0.64 0.56 0.57 0.56 0.69 0.70 0.66SEP 0.63 0.68 0.68 0.69 0.58 0.54 0.62OCT 0.16 0.23 0.23 0.31 0.14 0.10 0.22NOV 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01DEC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.36 3.40 3.44 3.53 3.32 3.17 3.50
Estimating Release Properties of Slow‐Release Fertilizer Materials
Dr. Jerry Sartain
Getting a Response. . .
• Research shows that you need 0.3 lbs / 1,000 ft2 of available nitrogen to see a response in turf.
N Source 7 14 28 56 84 112 140 182
----------------------- % of Applied Nitrogen Released -----------------------
Nitroform 14 18 20 23 28 31 35 36
Nutralene 28 35 40 45 50 53 56 58
Polyon 12 23 49 75 86 90 93 94
SCU 30 50 70 84 92 95 98 99
IBDU 8 13 21 32 42 50 56 63
Osmocote 19 25 35 55 72 81 88 94
20-2-20 37 39 41 45 48 50 52 54
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8/1/2008 2/1/2009 8/1/2009 2/1/2010 8/1/2010 2/1/2011 8/1/2011
Tot
al N
O3 Leac
hed
(kg
ha
-1)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Pre
cent G
row
th P
otentia
l
0
20
40
60
80
100
SR Nitrogen Source Study – Jay, FL
1/1/2011 3/1/2011 5/1/2011 7/1/2011 9/1/2011
Tota
l NO
3 L
each
ed (kg
ha
-1)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Turf D
ensi
ty (1-9
; 6 m
inim
um
acc
epta
ble
)
0
2
4
6
8
Arrow denotes fertilizer application date.
SR Nitrogen Source Study – Jay, FL
1/1/2011 3/1/2011 5/1/2011 7/1/2011 9/1/2011
Tot
al N
O3 Le
ach
ed
(kg
ha
-1)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Rai
n (m
m)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Arrow denotes fertilizer application date.
SR Nitrogen Source Study – Jay, FL Practical Considerations
• Nutrients must be applied based on the plant’s ability to assimilate them.
– This should supersede any calendar‐based regimen.
• Healthy, dense turf is the key to minimizing environmental impact of applied nutrients.
– As the health of the plant deteriorates – one can expect problems.
Practical Considerations
• Timing of application of enhanced efficiency (SR) nutrient sources should coincide with periods of active growth potential.
– The “release period” should not extend beyond periods of active growth.
2/1/2009 4/1/2009 6/1/2009 8/1/2009 10/1/2009 12/1/2009
Tot
al N
O3 Le
ach
ed (kg
ha-1
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
Per
cent
Gro
wth
Pot
entia
l
0
20
40
60
80
100
Arrows denote fertilizer application dates.
SR Nitrogen Source Study – Jay, FL
Days30 60 90 1200
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www.gatorturf.comhttp://edis.ifas.ufl.edu
www.facebook.com/gatorturf
www.facebook.com/UFTurf
J. Bryan Unruh, Ph.D.West Florida Research and Education Center
University of Florida/[email protected]