J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)

8/9/2019 J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)

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Global construction consultants

WIND/SOLAR ENERGY TRADING: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVEJohn Connaughton | Ecobuild 2010


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RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY - Making it work

Obstacles

Natural energy sources are variable high levels of fossil-fuel

back-up are requiredHigh capital expense vs fossil fuels (at least for now)

Grid infrastructure is nation-based rather than regional

Solutions

Capture energy where it is abundant and transport it to where itsneeded

Make use of multiple types of energy to offset variabilityCapture and distribute energy over a wide area to balance supplyand demand

Use storage mechanisms to meet peaks in demand


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RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY - Making it work

David Mackay: UK Government Chief Scientist (Sustainable Energy without the hot air)

Places like Britain and Europe are in a pickle because they have largepopulation densities, and all the available renewables are diffuse theyhave small power density.

we should look to countries that have three things: a) low population

density; b) large area; and c) a renewable power supply with high powerdensity

Lord Turner, CCC. Dec 2008:

"Solar energy reaching the earth each day is around 10,000 times currenttotal human energy consumption.

Both solar PV and CSP could theoretically meet all 2050 global electricityneeds with a land use of less than 0.4% of global land surface area.


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ELECTRICITY GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES COMPARED

Peak Power 100 to 2000 hours per year 10 to 25 ct/kWh

Pumped Hydro Storage, Fuel Oil, Gas Turbine, Biomass,Geothermal, CSP

Intermediate Power 2000 to 5000 h/y 5 to 12 ct/kWh

Coal, Gas Combined Cycle, Biomass, Geothermal, CSPBase Load 6000 to over 8000 h/y 3 to 6 ct/kWh

Coal, Lignite,Nuclear, River run-off, Gas combined cycle, Co-

generation, Wind, Solar PV, Geothermal, CSP


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RENEWABLE ENERGY POTENTIAL IN EU-MENA

(Yield in GWhel/km/y)

Solar (up to 250)

Biomass (0-1)Geothermal (0-1) Wind (0-50)

Hydropower (0-50)

A CSP plant of thesize of Lake Nasserequals the total Middle

East oil production


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HARVESTING SOLAR ENERGY IN BULK

Solar PV

Scaleable, no need for water or supervision, but fickle.

Concentrated Solar PV (CPV)

Suitable for siting on buildings, where cooling may be a beneficial

by-product

Concentrating Solar Thermal

Receivers much simpler and more durable than PV


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CONCENTRATING SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY

The mainstream CSP technology

One sq km of high insolation desert region can provide: peak power of 20-60 MW (e) and 250million kWh p.a.

or 60 million m3 of desalinated water / year (4kWh/m3)

Solar Field

Expansion

vessel Air cooled or wetcooled condenser

ThermalStorage

Generator

Turbine


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CSP vs PV

CSP Uses heat rather than light

CSP is typically utility scale, ie 10 MW 250 MW per plant.Centralised vs Decentralised

CSP requires strong clear sunshine, PV copes better with cloud andin cooler climates. PV loses efficiency as temperatures increase

PV has higher embodied energy and carbon and produces moretoxic waste in manufacturing / disposal

CPV requires less semiconductor material, but greater land area.


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CSP vs PV

CSP can store collected solar energy. Electricity generation cancontinue through cloudy periods and into darkness.

CSP can be co-fired with gas to maintain output.

CSP can supply process heat for industry, desalination, andabsorption cooling for buildings.

CSP - 10GW in detailed planning worldwide, 1 GW in construction.Current installed base circa 500 MW

PV - in 2008 Spain installed 2.5 GWp out of global 5.5GWp. Currentinstalled base circa 15 GW.

CPV Iberian peninsula leading. SolFocus target of 100MWp byend 2009


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CONCENTRATING SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY

TECHNOLOGIES

Parabolic Trough

Compact LinearFresnel

Power Tower

Parabolic Dish


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CONC SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY TECHNOLOGIES

Nevada 1

Kramer Junction

PARABOLICTROUGHS


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Kramer JunctionCOMPACT LINEARFRESNELREFLECTOR

Main player:Ausra, (USA / Australia)


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Kramer JunctionPOWER TOWER

Main players:eSolar, BrightSource


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Fresnel is claimed to need less land than parabolic troughs and athird as much as dish systems.

Less complex pipework for heat transfer fluid, lower pumpingoverheads

No complex tracking systems like tower heliostats

Towers dont need flat landTowers have more compact pipework can operate at highertemperatures - more efficient

Parabolic troughs have proven experience


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CONC SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY TECHNOLOGIESSTORAGE

Power supply from a CSP plant can be scheduled and can continue

after dark. Up to 8000 full power hours per year.

Thermal

Molten salt

Concrete, GraphitePhase change

Thermo-chemicalAmmonia (Wizard Power, Australia)

Magnesium Hydride (BSR Solar, Germany)


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Thermal storage Andasol 1


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Cooling

Wet Cooling

Uses 3.5 meters3 water perMWh

Dry Cooling

Reduces plant waterconsumption by 90%

but loss of efficiency increasescost of electricity by 10%

Hybrids being developed


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TRANSMISSION

HIGH VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT (HVDC)

Up to 800kV

3% loss per 1000km

Only viable system for undersea cablesCheaper than HVAC for long distances (like over about 600 800

kilometres)

Interconnects and decouples national grids

90% of global population live within 2700 km of a desert


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HVDC vs HVAC

Corridor widths (looking down the cables)

Fewer conductors

Smaller cables

Less land


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GLOBAL HVDC TRANSMISSION

Total capacity > 75 GW in more than 90 projects, Total Length > 25,000 miles

Connect renewable power sources like hydropower or geothermal power withdistant centres of demand

Interconnect countries over sea (e.g. UK-France, Baltic Cable, Italy-Greece,

Sardinia)


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DESERTEC CONCEPT


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DESERTEC CONCEPT

TREC Trans Mediterranean Energy Cooperation

German Aerospace Centre (DLR) TRANSCSP and MED CSP

reportsPlan for 100GW of exportable solar power (above the needs of

sunbelt countries) by 2050

Improve the resilience and security of Europe's electricity supplies,

and avoid any new nuclear in Europe

Costs 400 billion Euros over 30 years, only 10 billion of Govt

subsidies

Multiple undersea HVDC cables linking MENA and EU. Twenty 5GW interconnectors in 2050


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MEDITERRANEAN SOLAR PLAN

EU & N. African initiative Union for the Mediterranean

(French-Egyptian co-presidency - Economic and security

collaboration)MSP announced in mid 2008

20GW new RE capacity to be installed by 2020 with 15% forexport to EU

MSP to provide start up support for sunbelt countries:

carbon funding and concessional loans

access to European market RE prices

new public policies to address non economic barriers


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CSP GLOBAL PICTURE

USA most active market, State RE targets driving investments.SW deserts prime resource. Start up manufacturers

BrightSource, sSolar, AusraGermany technology suppliers: Solar Millennium, MAN.

Architects and researchers: DLR and MSP.

France architects and political supporters: MSP

Spain most active EU market, 500MW CSP in planning.

Abengoa and Acciona. Researchers.

Australia perfect climate, high energy and water demand. Local

developers Ausra, Wizard Power, Acquasol. Retrofitting CSP tocoal plants. 50x50 km area would meet 2020 electricity demand


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CSP GLOBAL PICTURE

Jordan supporter of DESERTEC concept, high desalinationdemand

Abu Dhabi MASDAR SHAMS 1 100MW CSP in constructionEgypt site of first CSP plant in 1920s, MSP supporter

Morocco co-fired CSP in construction

Tunisia NUR Energie working on scheme targeted at 2,000MW,mainly for export to Italy. Using a tower system by BrightSource

Algeria co-fired CSP in construction, exploring undersea cable

connection to Germany

China ample desert resources, local company Solar ETC.Building 1.5MW CSP Tower for 2010, 150 MW of CSP by 2015.


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CSP - Davis Langdons involvement

For over a year, Davis Langdon have hosted a series of monthlymeetings with speakers from leading industrialists in solar

technology, and with senior representatives of government bodiesWe can help with feasibility work, using a financial model whichmay be interrogated according to the peak output requirement,

insolation levels, wet / dry cooling, amount of storage, operational

overheads, revenue per kWhr, seawater desalination (if required),etc.

Project Management

Contract management and negotiations

Risk management

Documents

J Con Naught On Ecobuild 2010 (CSP Concise)