Ixia Catalog

Phone 877 FOR IXIAInternational + 818.871.1800www.ixiacom.com

Ixia Product Catalogwww.ixiacom.com

v.2004.1


Table of Contents Ixia p. 1

Table of Contents

About Ixia p. 2

Ixia Product Matrix p. 7

Ixia Testing Solutions p. 16

Network Test & Measurement Glossary p. 182

Sales Office & Contact Information p. 197



About Ixia

Who is Ixia? • Ixia is a leading, global provider of high performance IP network testing solutions.

What distinguishes us? • Ixia is an engineering company, started and builtby engineers focused on developing IP network testing technology.

What do we do? • Ixia develops testing solutions that measure the confor-mance and performance of complex IP networks,devices, and applications.

How do we do it? • Ixia‘s highly scalable solutions generate, capture, characterize, and emulate network and applicationtraffic, establishing definitive performance and con-formance metrics of the network device or system under test.

About Ixia Ixia p. 2



Who uses our products? • Our testing solutions are used by Network Equipment Manufacturers, Semiconductor Manufacturers, ServiceProviders, and large Enterprises to test and validate thefunctionality, reliability, robustness, and performance of networks, devices, and applications.

Where do we add value? • Network Equipment Manufacturers and Semiconductor Manufacturers rely on Ixia‘s technology during the design, manufacturing, and quality assurance stages of their product development cycle.

• Service Providers and large Enterprises depend on Ixia technology to perform vendor qualification and pre-deployment testing of network systems, protocols, and applications.



Who are our Customers? • Our customers include the most successful NetworkEquipment Manufacturers, Semiconductor Manufacturers,Service Providers, and Fortune 1000 Enterprises inthe world.

Outstanding examples include:

• Network Equipment Manufacturers• Cisco • Extreme Networks • Hewlett Packard • Nortel • Hitachi

• Semiconductor Manufacturers • Intel • Broadcom • Texas Instruments • Motorola • Atheros

• Services Providers • AT&T • Verizon • SBC • Qwest • NTT

• Fortune 1000 Enterprises • Merrill Lynch • Ford Motor Company • Microsoft • Boeing • Lockheed Martin

What is our position in • Ixia is a financially strong and profitable company. Ixia‘s the industry? engineering roots have translated into a highly efficient

and disciplined business model that captured substantial market share during one of the most challenging periodsin the telecommunications industry. With an increase inrevenues of 1275% from 1998 to 2002, Ixia‘s ability to rapidly respond to customer needs and introduce newproducts at an unprecedented rate overwhelmed our competitors and resulted in Ixia achieving a leadershipposition in the network test and measurement market.



Why test and measure? To test and measure is to know:

• If the networking device conforms to acceptedindustry standards.

• If the networking device delivers the required level of performance.

• If the network delivers the required level of performance.

What sets Ixia apart • ”Commando-Like” Responsiveness – Our customers from the competition? recognize Ixia as the most responsive company in the

Network Test and Measurement market at delivering the necessary products to support their developmentefforts and meet their quality metrics.

• More Value – Our customers perform highly complex and dynamic testing for less cost, because our solutions delivergreater scalability and performance than the competition.

• One Test Tool – Our customers operate on a single hard-ware platform with interchangeable interfaces using a single set of applications and Application ProgrammingInterfaces (APIs), resulting in one test tool to learn and use.

• Open Architecture – Our customers depend upon our APIsand Software Development Kit (SDK) to centrally manage,protect, and extend their customized testing methodologies.

What is Ixia‘s test and • Ixia integrates a highly-scalable hardware platform with measurement architecture? an optimized operating system (IxOS) that supports

a comprehensive set of test and measurement appli-cations. The architecture provides for the emulation ofhundreds-to-millions of network users on a single scalableplatform, with a mixture of both network and real-worldapplication layer traffic.



What does Ixia provide • Ixia‘s Automated Network Validation Library (IxANVL) is for Network Conformance the industry standard, offering the most comprehensive Validation? encapsulation and protocol conformance tests available

in the industry. Tests can be run on a standalone Linux PCor tunneled through Ixia hardware interfaces, allowing for conformance testing and validation assessment oneven the fastest network interfaces.

What does Ixia provide for • Ixia provides the highest port density and most extensive Network Layer 2 & 3 testing? capabilities for wire-speed Layer 2 and 3 packet genera-

tion and analysis of both positive and negative test cases.All common protocols are supported and are configurableusing a Graphical User Interface complimented by a com-prehensive set of automation test tools.

What does Ixia provide for • Ixia provides router emulation, traffic generation, and Router Testing? analysis capabilities that test complex routing topologies

consisting of thousands of routers advertising millions ofroutes. Sophisticated configurations can be created usingIxia‘s Graphical User Interface, and automated tests canbe run using our IxScriptMate technology.

What does Ixia provide to • Ixia‘s Real World Traffic™ Suite is a fully integrated testtest realistic network traffic? solution that simulates Internet-scale clients and servers

oper-ating within a network at the application Layer(Layers 4 through 7). The suite can measure device andsystem performance under realistic load conditions,derived from a library of security and content delivery protocols, as well as several popular business applications.


Product Matrix Ixia p. 7

Ixia Product Matrix

Ixia offers the industry’s most comprehensive product line for testing networking devices, protocols, and applications. The Ixia Product Matrix can be used to find the Ixia solution(s) that best meet(s) your testing needs:

1. Locate the category along the vertical axis that most closely matches the device you want to test

2. Locate the technology you want to test along the horizontal axis

3. Cross-reference the device and technology to locate the correct Ixia test solution

The Ixia Product Matrix should be used as a starting point. Ixia’s flexible architecture and fullyintegrated test platform allows various products to be used in conjunction for specific testingrequirements. If you cannot immediately find the Ixia product that meets your testing needs, orif you have a custom testing configuration, please contact us at +1-818-871-1800.

Suppor

ted T

echn

olog

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Conf

orm

anc

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DVM

RPv3

IGM

Pv2

PIM

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PIM

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OSP

Fv2

OSP

Fv3

RSVP

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MPL

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IS-IS

RIP

LDP

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BGP4

IPv6

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Customer Premise Routers

Edge Routers

Core Routers

Broadband Access (DSLAM, CMTS)

Multiservice Provisioning Platforms

Optical Transport

Secure Gateway

Firewalls

Broadband Aggregation

Web Servers

Content Switching

L2-3 Switching

IxANVL

Type of Device Under Test



IxANVL IxExplorer

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Suppor

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PPP

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PPP

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TCP

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L2TP

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Edge Routers

Core Routers



Optical Transport

Secure Gateway

Firewalls


Web Servers

Content Switching

L2-3 Switching




Product Matrix (cont.)

Suppor

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Edge Routers

Core Routers



Optical Transport

Secure Gateway

Firewalls


Web Servers

Content Switching

L2-3 Switching


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/Int

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HTT

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IxExplorer IxVPN IxAccessPhone 877 FOR IXIAInternational + 818.871.1800www.ixiacom.com



Mul

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IGM

Pv2

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Pv3

MLD

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MLD

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PIM

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TCP

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Suppor

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Edge Routers

Core Routers



Optical Transport

Secure Gateway

Firewalls


Web Servers

Content Switching

L2-3 Switching





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Edge Routers

Core Routers



Optical Transport

Secure Gateway

Firewalls


Web Servers

Content Switching

L2-3 Switching





Suppor

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Edge Routers

Core Routers



Optical Transport

Secure Gateway

Firewalls


Web Servers

Content Switching

L2-3 Switching


Stre

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IxExplorerIxChariot™Phone 877 FOR IXIAInternational + 818.871.1800www.ixiacom.com



Suppor

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Edge Routers

Core Routers



Optical Transport

Secure Gateway

Firewalls


Web Servers

Content Switching

L2-3 Switching


ATM

AA

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OC

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OC

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Edge Routers

Core Routers



Optical Transport

Secure Gateway

Firewalls


Web Servers

Content Switching

L2-3 Switching


Chass

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IXIA

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IXIA

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ChassisInterfacesPhone 877 FOR IXIAInternational + 818.871.1800www.ixiacom.com




Testing Solutions Ixia p. 16

Ixia Testing Solutions

Ixia‘s Testing Solutions

Performance Applications Purpose

IxAccess™ PPPoX Emulation p. 19

IxAnalyze™ – Sniffer® Decode and Analysis p. 20

IxAuthenticate 802.1x Emulation p. 26

IxChariot™ Application Traffic Emulation p. 29

IxExplorer Traffic Generation and Analysis p. 32

IxScriptMate Automated Test Suites p. 36

IxVPN IPSec Emulation p. 40

IxWeb Internet Client/Server Emulation p. 44

WebLOAD Web Client Record/Replay p. 48



Routing Protocols IPv4/IPv6

IPv6 Emulation Software Suite p. 52

RIP and RIPng Emulation Software p. 55

OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 p. 58Emulation Software

IS-IS and IS-ISv6 p. 62 Emulation Software

BGP and BGP+ p. 66Emulation Software

Multicast

IP Multicast Emulation Software p. 70

PIM-SM Multicast p. 74Emulation Software

MPLS

Layer 2 VPN Emulation Software p. 78

Layer 3 VPN Emulation Software p. 82

LDP Emulation Software p. 85

RSVP-TE Emulation Software p. 89

Other

RPR/SRP Emulation Software p. 93

Conformance Applications IxANVL - Automated Network p. 96 Validation Library

APIs and SDKs Ixia Tcl API (Application p. 103Programming Interface)

Ixia Linux Software p. 105Development Kit



Interfaces Ethernet Load Modules

10 Gigabit Universal p. 107 Load Module (LAN, WAN, OC-192c POS)

10 Gigabit Ethernet LAN p. 116Load Module

10 Gigabit Ethernet XENPAK p. 121Load Module

10 Gigabit Ethernet XAUI p. 126Load Module

10 Gigabit Ethernet p. 131Multi-MSA Load Module

Application Load Module p. 136

TXS 10/100 Mbps & p. 140 Gigabit Ethernet Load Module

SONET and BERT Load Modules

OC-3c/12c Packet Over p. 145SONET/SDH Load Module

OC-48c Packet Over p. 149SONET/SDH Load Module

OC-192c Packet Over p. 153SONET/SDH Load Module

SONET-Framed Bit Error p. 158Rate Tester (BERT) Load Modules

Unframed Bit Error Rate p. 162 Tester (BERT) Load Module

ATM Load Modules

OC-3c/OC-12c Asynchronous p. 166Transfer Mode (ATM) Load Module

Chassis IXIA 1600T/400T/100 p. 171

IXIA 250 p. 174

Optixia® p. 178


Performance Applications Ixia p. 19

IxAccessIxia’s IxAccess test suite provides an easy-to-use tool forcomprehensive performance and scalability analysis ofedge aggregation equipment. By emulating PPPoX client sessions and running data traffic over those sessions, the testing of devices such as Broadband Remote Access Servers (B-RAS), DSLAMs and edge routers is substantiallysimplified by eliminating the need to configure thousands of individual clients.

The IxAccess test suite runs in conjunction with the Ixia TXS Gigabit Ethernet and ATM Load Modules that support a per-port CPU running Linux. Each port implements a full PPPstack and can emulate thousands of PPPoX clients. The testenvironment can be scaled to generate hundreds of thousandsof concurrent sessions to validate the capacity, connectionrates, and data performance of PPP aggregation devices.

System Under Test

PPPoXClient/Hosts

IP

10/100/1000 Ethernetor

OC-3/OC-12 ATM

10/100/1000 Ethernetor

OC-3/OC-12 ATM

Ixia Chassis

LAC LNS

PBX

IXIA 1600T Traffic Generator / Performance Analyzer

IXIATM

communications

1 2

43

65

Trig OutG

nd

Tx/Coll

Link100

Half

Rx/Err

TrigPort1

Tx/Coll

Link100

Half

Rx/Err

TrigPort2

Tx/Coll

Link100

Half

Rx/Err

Trig3

Tx/Coll

Link100

Half

Rx/Err

TrigPort4

Ixia Communications

Port

LM100TX3

IXIATM

communications

1 2

43

65

Trig OutG

nd

Tx/Coll

Link100

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Rx/Err

TrigPort1

Tx/Coll

Link100

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Rx/Err

TrigPort2

Tx/Coll

Link100

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Rx/Err

Trig3

Tx/Coll

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Rx/Err

TrigPort4

Ixia Communications

Port

LM100TX3

IXIATM

communications

1 2

43

65

Trig OutG

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Rx/Err

TrigPort1

Tx/Coll

Link100

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Rx/Err

TrigPort2

Tx/Coll

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Rx/Err

Trig3

Tx/Coll

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TrigPort4

Ixia Communications

Port

LM100TX3

IXIATM

communications

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43

65

Trig OutG

nd

Tx/Coll

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Rx/Err

TrigPort1

Tx/Coll

Link100

Half

Rx/Err

TrigPort2

Tx/Coll

Link100

Half

Rx/Err

Trig3

Tx/Coll

Link100

Half

Rx/Err

TrigPort4

Ixia Communications

Port

LM100TX3

IXIATM

communications

1 2

43

65

Trig OutG

nd

Tx/Coll

Link100

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Rx/Err

TrigPort1

Tx/Coll

Link100

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Rx/Err

TrigPort2

Tx/Coll

Link100

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Rx/Err

Trig3

Tx/Coll

Link100

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Rx/Err

TrigPort4

Ixia Communications

Port

LM100TX3

IXIATM

communications

1 2

43

65

Trig OutG

nd

Tx/Coll

Link100

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Rx/Err

TrigPort1

Tx/Coll

Link100

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Rx/Err

TrigPort2

Tx/Coll

Link100

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Rx/Err

Trig3

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Link100

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TrigPort4

Ixia Communications

Port

LM100TX3

IXIATM

communications

1 2

43

65

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nd

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Rx/Err

TrigPort1

Tx/Coll

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Rx/Err

TrigPort2

Tx/Coll

Link100

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Rx/Err

Trig3

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Link100

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Rx/Err

TrigPort4

Ixia Communications

Port

LM100TX3

IXIATM

communications

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43

65

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nd

Tx/Coll

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Rx/Err

TrigPort1

Tx/Coll

Link100

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Rx/Err

TrigPort2

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Rx/Err

Trig3

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Rx/Err

TrigPort4

Ixia Communications

Port

LM100TX3

IXIATM

communications

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Rx/Err

TrigPort1

Tx/Coll

Link100

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Rx/Err

TrigPort2

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Rx/Err

Trig3

Tx/Coll

Link100

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Rx/Err

TrigPort4

Ixia Communications

Port

LM100TX3

IXIATM

communications

1 2

43

65

Trig OutG

nd

Tx/Coll

Link100

Half

Rx/Err

TrigPort1

Tx/Coll

Link100

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Rx/Err

TrigPort2

Tx/Coll

Link100

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Rx/Err

Trig3

Tx/Coll

Link100

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Rx/Err

TrigPort4

Ixia Communications

Port

LM100TX3

IXIATM

communications

1 2

43

65

Trig OutG

nd

Tx/Coll

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Rx/Err

TrigPort1

Tx/Coll

Link100

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Rx/Err

TrigPort2

Tx/Coll

Link100

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Rx/Err

Trig3

Tx/Coll

Link100

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Rx/Err

TrigPort4

Ixia Communications

Port

LM100TX3

IXIATM

communications

Ixia Communications

Tx/Coll

LinkL/Err

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Rx/Err

TrigPort1

1 2

43

65

Trig OutG

nd

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Rx/Err

TrigPort2

Rx

Tx

Rx

Tx

LM1000LX

IXIATM

communications

Ixia Communications

Tx/Coll

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Half

Rx/Err

TrigPort1

1 2

43

65

Trig OutG

nd

Tx/Coll

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Half

Rx/Err

TrigPort2

Rx

Tx

Rx

Tx

LM1000LX

IXIATM

communications

Ixia Communications

Tx/Coll

LinkL/Err

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Rx/Err

TrigPort1

1 2

43

65

Trig OutG

nd

Tx/Coll

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Rx/Err

TrigPort2

Rx

Tx

Rx

Tx

LM1000LX

IXIATM

communications

Ixia Communications

Tx/Coll

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Rx/Err

TrigPort1

1 2

43

65

Trig OutG

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TrigPort2

Rx

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Rx

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LM1000LX

IXIATM

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Ixia Communications

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TrigPort1

1 2

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LM1000LX



Specifications

Load Module Support • 10/100/1000 Mbps Copper Ethernet (LM1000TXS4)• 1000 Mbps Fiber Gigabit Ethernet (LM1000SFPS4)• OC-3/OC-12 ATM (LM622MR)

PPPoX Emulation • Full PPP stack• 40,000 PPPoE sessions per Gigabit Ethernet Load Module;

10,000 per port• 32,000 PPPoEoA sessions per ATM Load Module; 16,000

per port • Multiple PPP sessions per VPI/VCI and VLAN• PPPoE discovery stages with configurable PADI and PADR

timeouts and retries• LCP link control and IPCP network control • PAP and CHAP (MD5) authentication with configurable

user names and passwords• Keep-alive responses and requests on every established

PPP session• LLC and VC Multiplexed encapsulation over AAL5• Configurable PPP session set-up rate, session count,

session throttling, re-try attempts, and teardown rate• Debug interface for detailed analysis of session

setup failures

Traffic Generation • Layer 4 traffic flows with configurable protocol (TCP, UDP)and variable source/destination port numbers

• Fixed, incrementing, or mixed frame sizes• IMIX mode allowing individual rates assigned to up to

5 different frame sizes• Frame rate control in frames per second or percentage

of line rate• IEEE 802.1q VLANs – full range of 4,095 IDs

Real-Time Statistics Sessions attempted/established, connection setup/tear-down rates, min-max-average session setup latency,throughput, frame loss

Benefits • Save testing time with automated PPP session establishment • Manage hundreds of client/host ports from one centralized

console• Scale to hundreds of thousands of concurrent emulated

sessions in one Ixia chassis• Benchmark end-to-end performance of LAC (L2TP access

concentrator) and LNS (L2TP network server) devices with real-time graphs and statistics

• Easy-to-use Graphical User Interface (GUI) with progressivesetup leads user through configuration

• Full wire-speed Layer 2/3/4 traffic combined with real-world PPP session emulation



• Use in Ethernet, ATM, and mixed technology network environments

• Perform simultaneous control plane and data plane testing

Scalability Each Ixia test port can emulate thousands of concurrent PPPclients and establish these sessions within minutes, saving significant setup time. For higher capacity requirements, multi-ple ports can be used to generate hundreds of thousands ofsessions from one chassis, across one or more access concen-trators, and all managed from a central IxAccess console.

Easy-to-Use GUI Users can quickly and easily configure and manage multi-ple test ports via the IxAccess GUI. The application inter-face is designed to lead the user through the test processwith minimal training and documentation consultation.Parameter defaults allow testing to commence with minimalinitial configuration.

Test Suites CapacityMeasures the maximum number of concurrent sessions thatcan be sustained by the Device Under Test.

Setup/Teardown RateTests the time required to setup and teardown a specificnumber of PPP sessions.

LatencyMeasures the minimum, maximum, and average latency to establish PPP sessions.

ThroughputData traffic is sent over each established PPP session and statisticsare collected for throughput and packet loss. Traffic generationcan be customized with varying upstream and downstream trafficprofiles, frame sizes, rates per frame size, and Layer 4header information.

Real-Time Statistics IxAccess reports real-time statistics to analyze the functionalbehavior of broadband access devices. These performancemetrics enable the characterization of the device under testfor session setup rate, session capacity, data throughputand latency. Metrics are presented in easy to read charts. In addition, a comprehensive summary of the test results isavailable to easily benchmark key performance metrics.



Standards Support • RFC 1332 IPCP• RFC 1334 PAP• RFC 1570 LCP Extensions• RFC 1661 PPP• RFC 1994 CHAP• RFC 2516 PPPoE• RFC 2684 MPoA• IEEE 802.1q VLANs

Product Ordering Information

IxAccess................................ IxAccess – High-Performance PPPoX Emulation Software



IxAnalyze™ – Sniffer®

Verification of switches, routers, and networks before andafter deployment requires both traffic generators and protocol analyzers, which are typically two independentfunctions available on independent test devices. Ixia’sIxAnalyze combines these two functions by integrating Ixia’s powerful traffic generation with Network Associates’industry-leading Sniffer® product to create IxAnalyze. With IxAnalyze™, you can now simultaneously capture generated data received over multiple ports of Ixia LoadModules, and then decode the packets using Sniffer®.

IxAnalyze uses Sniffer® Pro Portable to decode captured data on Ixia Load Modules.



Specifications

Application Type Client applications executable on PCs and workstations running Microsoft operating systems

Components IxAnalyze - Sniffer® Pro Portable and Ixia’s Multi-Port Time Interleaver

Sniffer® Version Sniffer® Pro Portable Analysis Suite 4.7

Sniffer® Requirements Pentium 400 MHz or higher CPU, Min 128 MB RAM,on Client 84 MB free disk space, Microsoft Windows 98, Windows

NT 4.0 (SP3, 4, 5, or 6a), Windows 2000, Windows XP

Ixia Requirements on Client Microsoft Windows 98/ME/NT/2000/XP, Tcl/Tk 8.3, Ixia Platform 3.50 and above

Ixia Chassis IXIA 400T, IXIA 1600T, IXIA 100, IXIA 250, Optixia®

License Keys One Sniffer® Pro Portable license installed per Ixia chassis

Protocols Data Link Layer, IPv6, TCP/IP, ATM, RSVP, LDP, CR-LDP,MPLS, CORBA, IBM, Cisco, Microsoft, APPLE, Banyan,Novell, DEC, ISDN, ISO, NFS, Xerox, WAP, WAN, OracleDBMS, SYBASE DBMS, Microsoft DBMS, X-Windows

Product Overview The IxAnalyze product decodes captured packets and supports over 500 protocols such as Ethernet, IPv6, TCP/IP,and ATM. IxAnalyze also includes Ixia’s Multi-Port TimeInterleaver, which aggregates captured traffic, interleavespackets based on timestamps, and exports them to the Sniffer®

application. This TimeStitching® capability makes it possiblefor current Ixia customers to generate, pre-filter, and capturewire-speed traffic and decode via Sniffer®, the world’s mostrecognized decode tool.

Sniffer® Pro Portable Sniffer® provides network engineers with portable networkanalysis solutions for quick identification and resolution of network performance issues. These solutions help IT pro-fessionals resolve the toughest problems across all LocalArea Network (LAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN)topologies, from 10/100 Ethernet to the latest high-speedAsynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Gigabit back-bones. Real-time network analysis helps detect and resolvenetwork faults and performance problems quickly. Withexpert analysis capabilities that pinpoint the root cause of network,database, and application faults, Sniffer® Pro Portable is a top choice of network engineers worldwide.



Features and Benefits Helps maximize network performance through:

Fast troubleshooting• Intuitive, consistent user interface for quick capture and

display of data• Traffic map and traffic matrix show who is talking to whom• Host tables immediately identify bandwidth “hogs”• Protocol distribution information displays protocols in use,

IP applications running, and IPX

Accurate Network Planning• Monitors and displays network usage over time• Enables day-to-day utilization tracking to effectively plan

for change and growth

Time Interleaver Ixia’s Multi-Port Time Interleaver is an application thataggregates captured traffic across a range of Ixia ports, and displays it in the Sniffer® graphical interface as inter-leaved packets. The TimeStitching feature exports data frommultiple Ixia ports to Sniffer® in time-aligned order. This helps in analyzing the traffic as it is being received, and is especially useful when the traffic is session based, such as Layer 4-7 sessions.

IxAnalyze brings together the two distinct but critical components of network testing into one product. Networkequipment manufacturers performing high-rate stress testingin QA labs and manufacturing, and service providers interested in analyzing their live networks, can now useIxAnalyze to generate large volumes of high-rate user traffic, filter, then capture and decode this traffic passingthrough the DUT or SUT.

Product ordering Information

IxAnalyze.............................. Sniffer® Pro Protocol capture and decode application including the Ixia Multi-Port Time Interleaver



IxAuthenticateIxia’s IxAuthenticate enables comprehensive testing of an802.1x authenticator by emulating a large number of 802.1xsupplicants. IxAuthenticate also measures data plane perform-ance metrics, including throughput and latency, by sending traffic through the 802.1x device. IxAuthenticate’s easy-to-usegraphical testing environment enables quick configuration and analysis of test results.

IxAuthenticate utilizes Ixia’s Ethernet TXS Load Modules to emulate 802.1x supplicants and perform data plane trafficgeneration and analysis. This creates a highly scalable testsolution, where increased test capacity requirements are met with the simple addition of more TXS test ports into the test environment.

IxAuthenticate provides an easy-to-use Graphical User Interface for test setup and analysis.



Specifications

Authentication Modes Single-Host, Multi-Host Single-Auth, Multi-Host Multi-Auth

Authentication Types • EAP-MD5 or EAP-TLS, PEAP• Ability to mix authentication types in a single test

Protocol Control Authentication period, Time to hold after a failure, Parameters Time to wait for ID request after EAPOL start,

Maximum successive EAPOL start messages, EAP TLS fragment size

Supplicant Parameters Source MAC address, Source IP address, Username,Password, Authentication type, Type field – either normal or fail-authenticating

Traffic Parameters Source MAC address and Destination MAC address mapping, Traffic generation rate, Frame size

Test Control Parameters Maximum authentication sessions, Setup delay, Establishdelay, Tear-down delay, Test mode, Session hold time,Random hold time, Test duration

Session Statistics Number of attempts, success, EAP failures, EAP timeouts,min, max, and avg latency (time to successfully authenticate).Statistics categorized based on authentication type (MD5, TLS, PEAP)

EAPOL Frame Statistics EAPOL frames received, EAPOL frames transmitted, EAPOLstart frames transmitted, EAPOL logoff frames transmitted,EAP response/ID frames transmitted, EAP response framestransmitted, EAP response/ID frames received, EAP responseframes received, EAP request/ID frames received, EAPrequest frames received, Invalid EAPOL frames received,EAP length error frames received, EAP alert, EAP successes,EAP failures

Automation Full Tcl API, ability to export configurations from GUI into a script

Comprehensive and IxAuthenticate provides truly comprehensive testing of 802.1xScalable authenticators. An extensive set of control and supplicant

parameters can be modified to test the authenticator at varying conditions. IxAuthenticate supports authenticator initiated authentication as well as MD5 and TLS authentica-tion types. Using the Ixia TXS Load Modules, several trafficstreams can be sent at line-rate. A single chassis can bescaled to emulate thousands of supplicants providingextreme scalability.



Extensive Statistics IxAuthenticate provides a rich set of statistics both in real-time and in a summary format. In addition to detailedstatistics on both the 802.1x protocol messages and dataperformance, detailed supplicant state machine information is also available. These statistics are available as per portstatistics, as well as on an aggregate basis.

Easy-to-Use GUI IxAuthenticate is easy to use with a Graphical User Interfacethat has a simple tab-based configuration and results screens.Results are available in real-time in a simple tabular format.IxAuthenticate can be completely automated using a Tcl API.Configurations can also be exported from the GUI to quicklycreate automation scripts.


IxAuth-802.1x........................ IxAuthenticate 802.1x Module

Test results areeasy to view andinterpret withIxAuthenticate’sreal-time statistics.



Sample DUT Test Setup

From System Under Test To Network Under Test

From Staged Network To Deployed Network

IxChariot Console

Performance Endpoint 1


Application Scripts(e.g. High Performance Throughput)

Device Under Test

System Under Test System Under Test

IxC IxC


Sales

IxC


IxC

WAN Application Scripts(e.g. Baan Maintain

Purchase Order)

Manufacturing

IxChariot Console



IxC IxC

IxChariot Console

LAN

Application Scripts(e.g. SAPinv)

Router

IxChariot™

The IxChariot™ product family is the industry‘s leading trafficpattern analysis and decision support tool emulating real-world application data without the need to install and main-tain extensive client/server networks. Incorporating theIxChariot™ Console, Performance Endpoints, and ApplicationScanner, the IxChariot™ family offers thorough applicationassessment and device testing by emulating hundreds of protocols across thousands of network endpoints. IxChariot™provides the ability to confidently predict the expected per-formance characteristics of any application running on wired and wireless networks.

Building on the proven performance of NetIQ’s Chariot 4.3,Ixia continues to drive the innovation of application layertest solutions with the introduction of IxChariot 5.0.



Specifications

Scalability Supports up to 10,000 connections (endpoint pairs) representing hundreds of thousands of end-users

Environments & Protocols TCP, UDP, RTP, IPX, SPX, SNAIPv4, IPv6VoIP, IP Multicast

System Requirements Windows XP, 2000, ME, NT4 (SP3 and above)Minimum hardware: Pentium 300, 64 MB Memory, 23 MB Disk Space

Performance Endpoints Ixia Load Modules (LM100TXS8, LM1000TXS4,LM1000SFPS4, ALM1000T8-C)Windows (3.1, 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000, XP, CE, CE.net)Sun Solaris (x86 and SPARC)Linux (x86, MIPS and Turbo 64-bit)IBM AIX, MVS, OS/2Novell NetwareCompaq Tru64 UNIXFreeBSDSCO UnixWareSGI IRIX

Key Features • Over 125 pre-programmed scripts capable of emulating all common enterprise protocols and services including VoIP,Multicast, and ERP applications running on up to 10,000endpoint pairs

• Tailored scripting capabilities using Ixia‘s ApplicationScanner and IxChariot‘s SDK

• Ability to create sophisticated traffic pattern, throughput, jit-ter, lost data, QoS, and latency analysis using PerformanceEndpoints running on all popular operating systems

• Capability to measure the impact of new technologies suchas VoIP, IPv6, and rapid increases in encrypted data flows to assess readiness to upcoming network changes

• Ability to troubleshoot critical performance issues by using IxChariot™ to isolate deteriorating network segmentsand devices

• Supported protocols include TCP, UDP, RTP, SPX, IPX andSNA, as well as IP Multicast

• Leverage Ixia’s market leading Load Modules and IxiaPerformance Endpoints to create wire-speed Layer 2-3 trafficrunning in conjunction with application traffic patterns created by IxChariot™



IxChariot Applications Network layer traffic statistics alone can not predict applica-tion performance in enterprise and carrier-class broadbandnetworks. Understanding the impact of packet loss, forexample, is only relevant in the context of specific networkapplications. IxChariot™ can be used to achieve peak net-work and device performance:

Network Equipment Manufacturers – mirror customers‘ networks to validate the performance of equipment.IxChariot™ identifies the efficiency of QoS implementa-tions and provides crucial assistance to win RFQs andPerformance Benchmark Tests by proving the competitiveadvantage of solutions.

Field Engineers – capture and duplicate customer issues for rapid problem resolution. Track down hardware andconfiguration issues before increased data loads bring the network to a crawl.

Network Administrators – stage new devices and measure theimplications of protocol and application changes before theyare implemented. Test the performance of ‘best-of-breed’ net-working equipment before making a purchase commitment.

Silicon Chip Developers – stress test the performance of processors and reference designs using realistic applicationdata patterns. IxChariot™ provides easy mechanisms to rapidly repeat tests across multiple platforms.

Application Developers – emulate the impact of solutions on customer networks and forecast the effect of increasedapplication uptake, as well as its relationship with existingapplications and network infrastructures.

Network Service Providers – measure the performance of Internet and private WAN services to identify applicationdriven issues before they create customer disappointment.

QA Engineers – verify interoperability for integrated solutions. Stress test the network and devices to identify and document extreme case behavior.


920-0001..............................IxChariot™ 5.0, 10 Pairs920-0002..............................IxChariot™ 5.0, 50 Pairs920-0003..............................IxChariot™ 5.0, 200 Pairs920-0004..............................IxChariot™ 5.0, 500 Pairs920-0005..............................IxChariot™ 5.0, 1250 Pairs920-0006..............................IxChariot™ 5.0, 2500 Pairs920-0007..............................IxChariot™ 5.0, 5000 Pairs920-0008..............................IxChariot™ 5.0, 10000 Pairs



IxExplorer™

Ixia‘s IxExplorer™ provides a powerful and sophisticatedGraphical User Interface to manage Ixia test hardware. Eachtest port can be independently configured with parametersto define streams, filters, and capture capabilities. In addi-tion, traffic for various network protocols can be customized,transmitted, and received on each port. Comprehensive statistics allow users to perform an in-depth analysis of theperformance of the Device Under Test using tables andgraphical views.

IxExplorer‘s powerfulfeatures help createand analyze complextraffic patterns at wire-speed.



Specifications

Application Type Client application executable on PCs and workstations running Microsoft Windows operating systems

Platforms IXIA 100, IXIA 250, IXIA 400T, IXIA 1600T, Optixia®

Operating Systems Microsoft Windows 95, 98, NT, ME, 2000, XP

Chassis Management Displays and provides control for multiple chassis chainswith up to 256 chassis in each chain

Statistics Multiple views for statistics display, including table and graphical

Streams Manual control of stream parameters such as frame size,data patterns, protocols, and rates

Filters Manual control of traffic filtering parameters, such asaddresses, patterns, errors, and frame sizes

Multi-User Login and logout for multi-user management of individual ports

Protocols Support for IPv4, IPv6, BGP4, BGP4+, OSPFv2/v3, IS-ISv4/v6, RSVP-TE, LDP, RIP, RIPng, ARP, ICMP,IGMPv1/v2/v3, MLDv1/v2, PIM-SMv4/v6

Interface Management A tree-like structure in IxExplorer™ provides flexibility and intuitive control of the Load Modules and their ports.Multiple types of Load Modules in a single or multiple chassis can be easily managed by using a simple click of a mouse button.

Transmit Scheduler There are two modes of transmission available – packetstreams and advanced stream scheduler:

Packet StreamsThe packet streams transmit engine generates multiplestreams in sequence, each containing multiple packets withcustom characteristics. After all packets in the first streamare transmitted, control is passed to the next defined streamin the sequence. After the last stream in the sequence isreached, transmission may either cease or control may bepassed on to any other stream in the sequence. Therefore,multiple streams are cycled through, representing differenttraffic profiles to simulate real network traffic.



Advanced Stream SchedulerThe advanced stream scheduler transmit engine can simul-taneously transmit multiple streams at an aggregate rate.The advanced stream scheduler programs the streams totransmit packets in such a manner that satisfies the aggre-gate rate by scheduling a set of packets to be transmittedfrom each stream, thus creating a transmission pattern with a mixture of packets with variable rates.

Filters Each port can be configured to analyze and count packets to match a user-defined criteria, such as source and destination MAC addresses, custom patterns, errors,and frame size ranges. Custom statistics counters, called User-Defined Statistics, can be programmed to match the specified criteria. The filtering mechanism allows definition of rules, and narrows the number of packets to be received for analysis.

Capture Each port is equipped with capture memory, which can storetens of thousands of packets in real time. A comprehensiveset of user-defined triggers and filters is available based onsource and/or destination MAC and/or IP addresses, datapattern, and error conditions. Decodes for IPv4, IPv6, UDP,ARP, BGP-4, IS-IS, OSPF, TCP, DHCP, IPX, RIP, IGMP, CISCOISL, VLAN, SRP, RPR, and MPLS are provided.

Extensive Statistics and • Real-time 64-Bit counts and frame ratesReal-Time Graphs • Spreadsheet format for convenient manipulation of

statistics counters• Real-time graphical display of packets transmitted and

received, rates and latency• User-defined statistics are available that use a trigger condition• Extended statistics for ARP, ICMP, BGP, OSPF, IS-IS, and RSVP• External file logging for statistics and alerts• Audible and visual alerts with user-definable thresholds

Multi-User IxExplorer™ is designed to allow multiple users to independ-ently access individual ports of every Load Module presentin every chassis. This feature enables users to execute theirown tests on the ports assigned to them without disruptingthe tests being executed by other users on the system.



Scalability IxExplorer™ can display and manage multiple chassis config-ured in a daisy-chain. IxExplorer™ allows easy configurationsof streams, filters, and protocol parameters on multiple portscontrols transmit, and receive traffic on these ports, and analyzes statistics in real-time for performance verification.


A single license is included with standard IxOS distributions

IxExplorer™…………….…..........Additional IxExplorer Single License (for remote work station)

IxExplorer-10………….............. 10 IxExplorer™ Licenses

IxExplorer-5…………….............5 IxExplorer™ Licenses



IxScriptMateIxia‘s IxScriptMate test application offers users a powerful,customizable tool to automate any test environment. IxScriptMateprovides a sophisticated Graphical User Interface to configurecustom automated test scenarios and analyze test results.Utilizing the capabilities of Ixia test hardware Load Modules,such as wire-speed traffic generation, filtering, capturing, andstatistics gathering, IxScriptMate provides a rich suite of pre-built tests based on industry standard RFCs and customerrequirements. IxScriptMate is written in the industry standardtest scripting language, Tcl/Tk, which provides benefits suchas faster time to market and cross-platform compatibility. Ixiaalso provides a Tcl API for custom application development.

IxScriptMate offers a powerful customizabletool to automate any test environment.



Specifications

Application Type Client application executable on workstations runningMicrosoft Windows, UNIX, or Linux

Platforms IXIA 100, IXIA 250, IXIA 400T, IXIA 1600T, Optixia®

Operating Systems Microsoft Windows 95, 98, NT, 2000, XP, Sun SolarisUNIX, Linux

Pre-built Tests RFC 2544, RFC 2889, IP Multicast, QoS, IPv4/IPv6Tunneling, BGP, L2 VPN (Martini), L3 VPN (RFC 2547 bis),LDP, OSPF, RSVP, VPLS, ATSS, MATS

Configuration Multiple views for statistics display

Reports Summary reports in text and CSV formats

Multi-User Login and logout for multi-user management of individualports within each test

Interface Management A tree-like structure in IxScriptMate allows easy navigationamong pre-built tests. The interface also includes convenientaccess to test execution tasks such as multi-user login, andstarting and stopping tests with a single click of a button.The Tcl scripts generated by IxScriptMate can easily beorganized to run separately from a Tcl command line andmay be customized for special test scenarios.

Test Setup There are four input tabs available for users to customize a test to specific needs:

1. The System Setup tab contains generic user information foruse in the summary reports, file naming ability, and chassisconnection information.

2. The Port Setup tab provides convenient display of all portsavailable in the chassis or the chain of chassis configured.

3. The Traffic Setup tab contains common test information,such as frame sizes, learning or ARPing setup, and trafficmap setup, including information specific to the protocols to be used.

4. The Run Setup tab contains information regarding the testduration, number of trials, iterations, and other informationspecific to the selected test.



IxScriptMate tests follow a general methodology and are designed as independent sequences of operations thusmaintaining consistency and easier management.

Logs and Results IxScriptMate tests display a log of real-time operations performed by the test. For example, it clearly displays theinformation when the ports are being configured at dataand network layers, when the ports simulating clients trans-mit MAC learning frames or ARP requests, when data isbeing generated, and when statistics are being collected.The summary of the test results is shown in the Results win-dow and can be saved to a user-specified file for later analysis.

Multi-User IxScriptMate is designed to allow multiple users to inde-pendently access individual ports of every Load Modulepresent in every chassis. This enables users to execute indi-vidual tests on the ports assigned to them without disruptingthe tests being executed by other users on the system.

Pre-built Automated Tests A full suite of Tcl automated tests are available to verify theperformance of switches, routers, and IP networks. The testsare specifically designed for all aspects of product deploy-ment, from development and quality assurance, to manufac-turing and deployment of networks. IxScriptMate addressesdifferent segments of the industry and development environ-ments such as:

• IETF RFC based tests such as RFC 2544 and RFC 2889• Technology-based tests such as Quality of Service, IP

Multicast, IPv4/IPv6 Tunneling, BGP, L2 VPN (Martini), L3 VPN (RFC 2547 bis), LDP, OSPF, RSVP, VPLS, ATSS and MATS

• Manufacturing-based tests such as ATSS and MATS




TCL SCRIPT-RFC.......................RFC 2544 and RFC 2889 Test Suites

TCL SCRIPT-MCTS....................IP Multicast Test Suite

TCL SCRIPT-QoS......................Quality of Service Test Suite

TCL SCRIPT-ATSS..................... Advanced Tcl Script Suite

TCL SCRIPT-MATS.................... Multiport Advanced Test Suite

TCL SCRIPT-BGP4....................BGP-4 Test Suite

TCL SCRIPT-OSPF.....................OSPF Test Suite

TCL SCRIPT-MPLS.....................MPLS RSVP-TE Test Suite

TCL SCRIPT-LDP........................LDP Test Suite

TCL SCRIPT-L2VPN...................L2 VPN (per draft Martini) Test Suite

TCL SCR-IPv4IPv6....................Tunneling Test Suite

TCL SCRIPT-L3VPN...................L3 VPN (per RFC 2547 bis) Test Suite



IxVPN IxVPN provides Network Equipment Manufacturers, ServiceProviders, and organizations deploying IPSec VPNs with an extremely scalable performance analysis solution for validating the performance of IPSec VPN gateways.

IxVPN utilizes Ixia‘s Load Modules that have a per-port CPUrunning the Linux operating system. Each port implements a full IPSec and IKE protocol stack and can emulate thou-sands of Secure Gateways and clients, creating thousandsof IPSec tunnels. Using multiple ports, a single Ixia test system can scale to test the largest IPSec VPN gateways and networks.

Once the tunnels are set up, IxVPN measures the encryptionand decryption performance of the IPSec gateway using theRFC 2544 methodology. IxChariot can be used for longerterm tests and to emulate customer traffic over IPSec tunnels.

IPSec Tunnels

IP Network

Emulated

IPSec Gateway

Device Under Test

Secure Gateways

Protected Hosts



Specifications

Load Modules Supported • TXS 10/100/1000 Mbps Copper (LM1000TXS4)• TXS Gigabit Fiber (LM1000SFPS4)• ALM1000T8

IPSec Parameters • AH, ESP or a combination• Encryption algorithm: DES, 3DES, AES 128, AES 192,

AES 256• Encapsulation mode: Tunnel mode and transport mode• Hash/Authentication algorithm: MD5, SHA-1• DH group: Group 1, Group 2, Group 5• Phase I authentication method: Certificates, Pre-shared keys• Tunnel lifetime • Perfect Forward Secrecy

Tests • Maximum number of tunnels supported by DUT• Tunnel setup rate• Re-key tests to test long term stability• Digital certificate capability (CA support)

Statistics • Tunnel capacity, Tunnel setup latency, Tunnel setup rate,Tunnel attempts and failures

• Latency statistics per phase (IKE phase and IPSec phase)• Re-key attempts, failures, and re-key rate• Encryption and decryption latency, Encryption and decryp-

tion throughput, Packets/Bytes encrypted and decrypted• Real-time statistics, CSV, and html test logs• Aggregate and per-tunnel statistics

Addressing • Each emulated gateway has a unique IP and a unique MAC address

• Multiple hosts behind each emulated gateway• Multiple Phase 2 SAs per Phase 1 SA

Diagnostics • Diagnostic messages per-tunnel and per-phase

Automation • Tcl API for automation and custom test case development

Ease-of-Use IxVPN makes it very easy to configure a large number oftunnels with varying IPSec parameters. Users can assign a percentage distribution to each of the options and theapplication will automatically create the mix of IPSec tun-nels. Users can quickly create very complex test scenarios in a few simple steps using an intuitive GUI interface.



Test Suites Tunnel Capacity• Measures the maximum number of concurrent tunnels that

can be sustained by the Device Under Test (DUT)

Tunnel Setup Rate• Measures the rate at which tunnels are set up by the DUT

` • Reports setup rate as a function of the number of tunnels established on the DUT

Re-keying• Measures re-key rate and failures• Designed to test long-term stability of IPSec VPNs

IxChariot traffic over VPN tunnels• Send a variety of application traffic over the IPSec tunnels

to assess the impact on application performance• Real-time graphs showing end-to-end throughput and latency

RFC 2544 test over IPSec tunnels• Measures encryption and decryption throughput, latency

per RFC 2544• Varying packet sizes• Per-tunnel performance

Statistics and Diagnostics IxVPN reports all the statistics in real-time in a graphical format. Logs are also available. In addition to aggregate statistics across all the tunnels, per-tunnel statistics are available in real-time. Statistics are provided on a per-phase basis helping to isolate performance problems.

To assist in troubleshooting tunnel setup issues, extensivediagnostic information, on a per-tunnel basis, is provided.

Automation All aspects of testing with IxVPN can be completely automated.A Tcl Application Program Interface (API) is available forintegration of IxVPN test capabilities into environments thatrequire complete automation.



Digital Certificates In addition to pre-shared keys, IxVPN also supports anystandards compliant Certificate Authority (CA). IxVPN canbe configured to get a certificate from a third party CA. This makes large scale configurations much easier to set up and creates a real-world test scenario.


IxVPN....................................Application for testing IPSec devices

Tunnel Diagnostics

Per-tunnel statistics

Setup rate vs. number of IPSec tunnels



IxWeb IxWeb is a high performance traffic generation and analysisapplication that can simulate real-world traffic scenarios atthe TCP and application layers. Manufacturers and users ofcontent switches, Web servers, server load balancers, intru-sion detection systems, and firewalls can stress test, checkforwarding policies, and verify the Layer 4-7 performance of their devices in a controlled lab environment.

IxWeb utilizes Ixia‘s Load Modules that have a per-port CPUrunning the Linux operating system. Each port implements a full TCP/IP protocol stack and can emulate a large numberof users, creating thousands of sessions from a single testport. Using multiple ports, a single Ixia test configuration canscale to millions of sessions, enabling the testing of large content aware devices and networks.



Specifications

TCP Connection setup rate, connection teardown rate: 3-wayand 4-way close, programmable TCP parameters

HTTP 1.0 and 1.1 Client Methods: GET, POST, PUT, HEAD, DELETEand Server HTTP Client and Server header specification

SSL Client and Server Versions: SSLv2, SSLv3, TLS1.0, cipher suites including DES,3DES, RC4, MD5, SHA, Client Certificates and Private Key,Session Resumption, linear and round-robin cipher list cycling

FTP Client and Server Commands: GET, PUT, LOGIN, RETRIEVE, STORE, QUITModes: Active and Passive, Global and command levelusername and password specification

Traffic Setup Multiple Layer 7 protocols per portRamp-up, ramp-down user sessions – linear and adaptive modesMixed Full and Performance stack modes for functional and high throughput testingThink times to emulate user behavior

Automation API for automation and custom test case development

Load Modules Supported TXS 10/100/1000 Mbps Copper (LM1000TXS4)TXS Gigabit Fiber (LM1000SFPS4 and LM100TXS8)ALM1000T8

Scalability IxWeb utilizes the powerful architecture of Ixia’s Load Modules to generate large numbers of TCP, HTTP, FTP, andSSL sessions at very high rates. Increased session counts and rates can be achieved by simply adding additional testports to the existing chassis. This makes the configurationand management of the test extremely simple, even forextremely large scale testing.

Flexible Traffic Set Up By providing numerous user profiles that represent multiple virtual client LANs and server farms, sophisticated networkenvironments can be simulated. Thousands of unique IPaddresses can be specified per port, each with their ownVLAN ID, gateway and a virtual IP (VIP). Traffic for multipleLayer 7 protocols, such as HTTP, SSL, and FTP can be mixedon a single port within a user profile.



IxWeb can configure sessions to simulate users in routed,switched and NATed environments. To further test real-worldscenarios, IxWeb can modify TCP parameters and providesthe functionality of emulating users connecting via variousaccess mechanisms, such as dial-up modem and DSL. Addedrealism is possible by emulating user behavior by configur-ing “Think Times” (the time interval between user activities).

Extensive Statistics IxWeb provides extensive real-time statistics, as well asrecorded logs, which can automatically be exported to standard file formats, enabling custom report generation.Once the test is complete, extensive reports can be generated in a variety of file formats including HTML.

TCP Tests The performance of Layer 4 Web devices, including ServerLoad Balancers, can be verified by utilizing the automatedTCP tests built into IxWeb. These tests allow users to meas-ure the maximum rates at which the DUT can set up andtear down TCP connections. The high rates generated bythese tests can stress test the most advanced switches,Server Load Balancers and firewalls.

SSL Tests IxWeb’s support for SSL allows users to simulate large numbers of SSL client sessions accessing secure web sites.IxWeb generates true SSL handshakes and HTTPS function-ality. Control over the SSL version numbers and variouscipher suites, including RC4, DES, 3DES, SHA, and MD5,enables generation of customized SSL traffic. This traffic,between Ixia client ports and DUTs, includes SSL acceleratorsand content switches with SSL termination.

FTP IxWeb can emulate thousands of FTP users downloadinglarge files, and the corresponding devices that deliver thelarge volume of data required. IxWeb provides flexible user configurations and comprehensive statistics to measurethe maximum number of simultaneous FTP users and thethroughput of the content switches, load balancers, servers,and firewalls. Sequences of user commands can be gener-ated including GET, PUT, LOGIN, RETRIEVE, STORE, andQUIT to emulate real transactions.



Automation All aspects of testing with IxWeb can be completely auto-mated. An Application Program Interface (API) is availablefor integration of IxWeb test capabilities into environmentsthat require complete automation.


IxWeb-ADV.............................Layer 7 Test Application with Multiple Subnets, VLAN, TCP, HTTP, FTP

IxWeb-SSL Client.....................Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Test Software emulating SSL Clients

IxWeb-SSL Server.....................Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Test Software emulating SSLServers. Requires IxWeb-ADV, and IxWeb-SSL Client



WebLOAD WebLOAD enables customers to verify Web applications for accuracy, as well as for performance and scalability.With WebLOAD, testing applications can be optimized with Web-centric solutions, allowing companies to maximizeReturn On Investment (ROI) by increasing the efficiency oftheir existing platforms.

WebLOAD’s flexible architecture coupled with Ixia‘s familyof hardware test Load Modules, offers high port density andreduced costs with an extremely scalable testing solution.

Central ConsoleSwitch

System Under Test

Web Servers

Database Servers

Virtual Clients

Probing Clients

WebLOAD recreates the traffic of thousands of virtual users, stressing Web applications and server farms.



Integrated Solution WebLOAD seamlessly integrates server performance datafrom Windows, Linux, and UNIX platforms to provide critical information, including CPU use and memory con-sumption for the machines hosting the Web application.WebLOAD easily integrates and correlates performanceand system information data, creating a comprehensivediagnostic analysis of the Web application. Graphical or statistical regression test sessions can be configured for detailed analysis on the effects of any changes to the application during the test, or once it is complete.

Key Features • Load Profiler: Graphically define the traffic load pattern for each test

• Real-Time Metrics: Monitor test metrics while in progress• Real Network Simulation: Effectively generate thousands

of virtual users creating realistic load generation and net-work replication

• Supported Protocols: HTTP, SSL, SMTP, POP3, TCP, UDP, TELNET, FTP, WAP, and many others

• Enhanced Recording: Automatically generate test scripts in JavaScript, and record data returning from the server for verification

• Predefined Report Portfolios: Create ready-to-run groups ofreports, each consisting of different test session subjects

• Pass/Fail Definitions: Quickly and easily determine a test‘ssuccess or failure

Reporting • Automatic Verifications: Quickly find and analyze specificbottlenecks within an application

• Performance Monitor and SNMP Integration: Integrate clientand server’s performance data from Windows NT, UNIX,Weblogic, and Oracle Performance Monitors providing a complete performance picture of the Web applicationbeing tested

• Comprehensive Performance Metrics: Over 75 predefined per-formance metrics for maximum testing flexibility and accuracy

• Regression Test Analysis: Save test scenarios for accuratebefore/after comparisons, and for re-executing test sessionsand regression testing

Technology • Agenda Preview: Visually playback and step through a recorded or scripted agenda through a browser window

• Integrated Scalability and Integrity Testing: Unify load andperformance testing into a single process for shorteneddeployment cycles and verification of Web application scalability and integrity prior to deployment



• Virtual Client Throttle: Dynamically adjust the load size during the test session

• NATIVE Standards Support: HTML, DHTML, XML,* VXML,*WAP, Java, and IP, all in a single script

Open Standards Approach JavaScriptWebLOAD Test Agendas utilize the industry standard lan-guage, JavaScript, which maximizes flexibility by leverag-ing the methods, functions, and documentation that arereadily available in the application development process.

Internet Open StandardsInternet and other industry standards are supported for com-prehensive testing and analysis of the most sophisticated, N-tier Web applications. WebLOAD supports the DOM,XML,* VXML,* Java, Enterprise Java Beans, WAP, JavaScript,HTTP/S, SNMP, and Media Streaming (MS)* technologies.

Extensive Performance WebLOAD offers a comprehensive range of standard and Statistics customizable performance measures and reports that can

be used to identify bottlenecks, fine tune infrastructure, andisolate problems quickly and efficiently. WebLOAD hasautomated, out-of-the box support for the most commonWeb application tools.

Metrics and Reports WebLOAD provides over 75 real-time graphical and statistical results of test sessions, and automatically createsindividual timers and counters for each request, resulting in customized performance metrics for any operation. Testexecution statistics can be viewed in real-time to quickly get an overview of the test performance. WebLOAD incor-porates built-in report templates to provide users with a fastand easy way to view and share their session results. Thesecan be automatically exported to HTML, Excel, or tab-delim-ited format for easy reference and analysis.

* Supported on Windows only




WL50.................................... WebLOAD Software License, Single Console, 50 Virtual Clients

WL100.................................. WebLOAD Software License, Single Console, 100 Virtual Clients



WL1000................................ WebLOAD Software License, Single Console, 1000 Virtual Clients




Routing Protocols Ixia p. 52

IPv6 Emulation Software Suite

IP version 6 (IPv6) is the newest version of the InternetProtocol, designed as the successor to IP version 4. IPv6enhances IP by greatly extending its addressing capabili-ties, simplifying the IP header format, providing for thelabeling of flows, and adding authentication and privacycapabilities. Ixia’s IPv6 Emulation Software Suite provides a complete set of verification tools designed to facilitate the migration from IPv4 to IPv6. The IPv6 EmulationSoftware Suite provides both protocol conformance andperformance solutions for IPv6 in conjunction with Ixia’sdedicated hardware test platform.

The IPv6 Emulation Software Suite is supported on all ofIxia’s Ethernet, Packet Over SONET (POS), and ATM LoadModules supporting a CPU per port. This integrated solutionallows for seamless migration of tests to next generationplatforms supporting mixed IPv4/IPv6 stacks.

Tunnel

IPv4/IPv6 Network

System Under Test

RIPngDual Stack

Router

Dual StackRouter

BGP

IPv6 Hosts

IS-IS

IPv4 Network

IPv6 NetworkIPv6 Network

Ixia Port

Ixia PortIxia Port

Ixia Port

Emulated Router



Key Features • IPv6 conformance testing utilizing Ixia’s IxANVL test suites• IPv6 traffic generation and analysis at wire speed• IPv6 network topology emulation• Simultaneous IPv4 and IPv6 traffic generation for testing

dual-stack and tunneling migration methodologies• IPv6 encodes and decodes on all Ethernet, POS, and

ATM interfaces• IPv6 router identification through neighbor discovery• Supported protocols: IS-ISv6, BGP+, RIPng, OSPFv3,

PIM-SMv6, and MLDv1/v2

Protocol Emulation Ixia’s IPv6 Emulation Software Suite enables the performanceand Validation validation of mixed IPv4/IPv6 and IPv6 only devices. Users

can validate ICMPv6 as per RFC 2463, Neighbor DiscoveryProtocol as per RFC 2461, Address Auto-configuration as perRFC 2462, and Path MTU Discovery protocols. All routingprotocols, BGP+, OSPFv3, IS-ISv6, and RIPng, can be emu-lated while line rate IPv4/IPv6 traffic is being generatedand analyzed. Multicast routing emulation is also supportedwith PIM-SMv6 as well as IP Multicast with MLDv1/v2.

Conformance Validation Ixia‘s IPv6 Emulation Software can verify device compliancewith IPv6 standards using Ixia’s IxANVL automated confor-mance test. This test suite includes over 110 tests based on IPv6 IETF standards RFC 2460, RFC 2464, and RFC 2472for hosts and routers. Users can quickly discover IPv6 implementation errors by running IxANVL‘s high log level(pass/fail) test. More detailed results, including packetdecodes, can also be viewed by running the test suite‘smedium and low log levels.

IxANVL is written in ANSI C and provides both a GUI andcommand line interface. The test suite includes source codeaccess, allowing users to easily customize tests or add newones by adding or modifying code. Users can also addscripts to automate processes such as rebooting the DeviceUnder Test.

IxExplorer Integrated The Ixia IPv6 Emulation Software Suite is seamlessly inte-grated into IxExplorer, Ixia’s Graphical User Interface (GUI)software for data and control plane testing. IPv6 trafficstreams can be created automatically to advertised routes.Traffic statistics can also be logged and graphed.



Tcl Support Automated scripts can be quickly created using the Tclscripting environment. Alternatively, the IxExplorer GUI canbe used to set up a test configuration, then Ixia’s ScriptGenutility used to translate the GUI settings to Tcl code withminimal commands. Tcl support is available on Windowsand UNIX platforms.

Requirements • IXIA 100, 250, 400T, 1600T, or Optixia® chassis• At least one of the following Ixia Load Modules:

LM100TXS8 (10/100), LM1000TXS4 (10/100/1000),LM1000SFPS4 (Fiber Gigabit Ethernet), 10 GigabitEthernet, OC-3c/12c/48c/192c (STM-1c/4c/16c/64c)Packet Over SONET, OC-3/12 ATM

• IxExplorer licensed software


BGP4-01P..............................BGP-4 emulation for CPU per port Load Modules

BGP4-03P..............................BGP IPv6 support (requires BGP4-01P module)

OSPFv3-01P...........................OSPFv3 emulation for CPU per port Load Modules

RIPng-01P..............................RIPng emulation for CPU per port Load Modules

ISIS-01P................................. IS-IS emulation for CPU per port Load Modules

ISIS-02P................................. IS-IS IPv6 support (requires ISIS-01P)

ISIS-B1P................................. IS-IS IPv6 Bundle: ISIS-01P, ISIS-02P

Routing-B2P............................IPv6 Bundle: BGP4-01P, -03P, ISIS-01P, -02P, RIPng-01P

MCAST-01P............................Multicast emulation for CPU per port Load Modules (IGMP, MLD, and PIM-SM)

TCLSCR-IPV4IPV6................... IPv4/IPv6 Tunneling Test Suite - requires RIPng-01P

See IxANVL for IPv6 ordering information.



RIP and RIPng Emulation Software

Ixia’s RIP Emulation Software allows users to test routers and networks quickly and efficiently. RIP Version 1, RIPVersion 2, and RIPng (for IPv6 networks) are all supported.Ixia’s IxExplorer Graphical User Interface (GUI) makes con-figuration simple. Routes are advertised by simply enteringthe IP addresses of the emulated routers and the desiredroute ranges. In addition, advertised routes can be flappedon demand, and emulated routers can be removed oradded as required. Each Ixia test port can support multiplerouting protocols simultaneously while also generating wire-speed data traffic.

By using multiple Ixia ports, large network configurationscan be emulated with a single Ixia chassis. By emulatingrealistic configurations, Ixia can perform real world stresstesting of routers and networks. In addition, IP traffic can be generated to validate route updates, as well as to cap-ture metrics such as packet loss and forwarding rates of the router or network under test.

System Under Test

Emulated Router



Local IP Addresses IPv4/v6 notation format

Transmit Packet Mode RIP - Multicast (default), Broadcast V1, or Broadcast V2 RIPng - Multicast

Receive RIP Packet Mode RIP - Version 1, Version 2 (default), or Version 1+2 RIPng - Version 1

Response Mode RIP - Split HorizonRIPng - Split Horizon, Poison Reverse

Update Interval Configurable, default 30 seconds

Update Interval Offset Configurable, default set to 5 seconds

Route Ranges Configurable parameters: Route IP address, Route Tag, Network Mask, Next Hop, and Metric

Flapping Individual routers and routes can be flapped

Additional Features Tcl APIs, ScriptGen (Tcl script auto generator) and wire-speed traffic generation. Multiple protocol emulations can be run concurrently on a single port

Specifications

Emulation Flexibility Each Ixia test port is capable of emulating multiple RIProuters at distinct addresses. Routing tables for the emulatedrouters are configured by the user and sent out at regularintervals, with a configurable randomizing factor. Configu-rations can be edited on the fly while the protocol is run-ning, providing a high level of testing flexibility.

With RIP, either Version 1 or Version 2 packet formats maybe sent via multicast or broadcast (for compatibility withVersion 1 routers). Received packets may be filtered forVersion 1 or Version 2 compatibility. With RIPng, Version 1packets may be sent via multicast. In addition, the streamencode feature provides users with further flexibility inmanipulating an existing configuration or conducting negative testing.

Scalability Thousands of RIP sessions and millions of routes can be supported on a single IXIA 1600T chassis populated withCPU per port Load Modules. Multiple protocols can be runsimultaneously in conjunction with line-rate traffic. In addi-tion, links and routes can be flapped to dynamically assesshow a router will behave under adverse network conditions.



When a route range is flapped, the respective routes arewithdrawn from the router. When interfaces or routers aredisabled, the respective interface(s) will not generate orrespond to RIP control plane messages.

Tcl Support Automated scripts can be quickly created using the Tclscripting environment. Alternatively, the IxExplorer GUI canbe used to set up a test configuration, then Ixia’s ScriptGenutility used to translate the GUI settings to Tcl code with minimal commands. Tcl support is available on Windowsand UNIX platforms.

Requirements • IXIA 100, 250, 400T, 1600T, or Optixia® chassis• RIP and RIPng – At least one of the following Ixia Load

Modules: 10/100 Mbps Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, 10 Gigabit Ethernet, OC-3c/12c/48c/192c (STM-1c/4c/16c/64c) Packet Over SONET, OC-3/12 ATM


IETF Standards • RIP Version 2 according to RFC 2453• RIPng for IPv6 according to RFC 2080• RIPng Protocol Applicability Statement according

to RFC 2081


RIP-01P................................... RIPv2 emulation for CPU per port Load Modules

RIPng-01P............................... RIPng emulation for CPU per port Load Modules

Routing-B1P............................. IPv4 Bundle: BGP4-01P, ISIS-01P, OSPF-01P, RIP-01P

Routing-B2P............................. IPv6 Bundle: BGP4-01P, -03P, ISIS-01P, -02P, RIPng-01P



OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 Emulation Software

Ixia’s OSPF Emulation Software is a scalable and flexiblesolution for testing routers or router systems for OSPF routecapacity and performance. Both OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 for IPv6 networks are supported. OSPF topologies can be simulated using a grid with multiple routers making it easyto create complicated scenarios. Network ranges can bedefined using broadcast or point-to-point link types. WithOSPFv2, traffic engineering can be enabled on a per-routeror a per-link basis and the state machine provides a listingof learned LSAs for each interface. This makes it easy to verify the Link State Database (LSDB). In addition, interfacestate descriptions can be viewed on a diagnostic porttrace to aid in debugging.

Ixia’s Routing Protocol Emulations are extremely scalable. By using multiple test ports, large network configurationscan be set up with a single Ixia chassis system. By emulat-ing realistic configurations, Ixia can perform real worldstress testing of routers and networks. Multiple Ixia routingprotocol emulations can be run simultaneously on each port, and wire-speed traffic can be generated to test thedata and control planes.

System Under Test

Area 0

Area 1

Emulated Router



OSPFv2 LSAs Supported Router, Network, Summary, Summary type 4, AS-External,Traffic Engineering Opaque LSAs

OSPFv3 LSAs Supported Router, Network, Inter-Area-Prefix, Inter-Area-Router, AS-External, Link, Intra-Area-Prefix

Router Types Supported Intra-Area Routers, Area Border Routers, and AS Boundary Routers

Adjacency Timers Hello and Dead intervals configurable

Area ID Configurable in decimal or IP notation format

Network Types Supported Point-to-Point and Broadcast

Messages Supported Hello, Database Description, Link State Request, Link StateUpdate, Link State Acknowledgement

Protocol Statistics OSPF Sessions Configured, OSPF Neighbors in full state

Learned LSA Functionality Summarized list of LSA headers learned per interface. (OSPFv2 only) This includes Link State ID, Advertising Router, Link Type,

Sequence Number, and LSA age. The list can be filteredbased on Link State ID, Advertising Router, and LSA types

Learned LSA Statistics Total count of LSAs learned as well as counts per LSA type(OSPFv2 only)

Specifications

Emulation Flexibility Ixia provides several configuration modes for OSPF emu-lation testing. The first is the router paradigm mode whereminimal OSPF knowledge is required. Routers, interfaces,and routes are created based on IP addresses, NetworkMasks, Network Type, Area ID, and Route Origins. Thisinformation is then used to construct and flood the appro-priate Link State Advertisements (LSAs) in the respectiveadjacencies. Each emulated router is capable of advertisingthousands of intra-area and external type routes.

The second mode, user LSAs, allows users to directly con-figure LSAs. Tips, pull-downs, and checkboxes are used to facilitate data entry. LSAs can originate from one user-defined LSA group or be segmented based on routers,areas, or test scenarios. Tcl Scripts can also be used toquickly generate thousands of user-defined LSA packets.

The third mode, stream encode, provides users with furtherflexibility in manipulating an existing configuration or con-ducting negative testing.



Scalability Thousands of OSPF sessions and millions of routes can besupported on a single Ixia chassis with CPU per port LoadModules. Each interface can create a grid as large as 200x 200. In addition, links and routes can be flapped to dy-namically assess how the router will behave under adversenetwork conditions.

Multi-Protocol Support Ixia’s family of emulation software can be run simultane-ously on one or many ports in conjunction with line-rate traffic to simulate realistic Internet scenarios. For MPLS/ RSVP-TE testing, OSPF Traffic Engineering LSAs can beinjected into a System Under Test (SUT) to create realisticMPLS configurations (OSPFv2 only). In addition, custom TLV encoding can be used to create various scenarios.

IxExplorer Integrated Ixia’s OSPF Emulation Software is installed as an add-on to IxExplorer, Ixia’s Graphical User Interface (GUI) softwarefor data and control plane testing. The IxExplorer softwareexposes many of the packet parameters so that complex IP packets can be created. Traffic statistics can be loggedand graphed. In addition, OSPF encodes are available to facilitate negative state and session testing.

Easy-to-Use GUI The spreadsheet GUI in IxExplorer and in the OSPFEmulation Software facilitates the entry of large configura-tions. Users can customize a test environment by displayingonly the stream and protocol parameters relevant to thetest. Select a range of cells, and then increment, decre-ment, or set to the first value in the range. Once a networktopology is created, it can be easily copied across any sup-ported Ixia interface. Just click on an emulated router orroute range and select copy. Click on another port andthen paste. Large configurations can be easily set up thisway to create intricate tests.

Tcl Support Automated scripts can be quickly created using the Tclscripting environment. Alternatively, the IxExplorer GUI can be used to set up a test configuration, then Ixia’sScriptGen utility used to translate the GUI settings to Tclcode with minimal commands. Tcl support is available on Windows and UNIX platforms.



Requirements • IXIA 100, 250, 400T, 1600T, or Optixia® chassis • OSPFv2 and OSPFv3: at least one of the following Ixia

Load Modules - 10/100 Mbps Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet,10 Gigabit Ethernet, OC-3c/12c/48c/192c Packet OverSONET, and OC3/12 ATM


IETF Standards • OSPF Version 2 according to RFC 2328 • OSPF for IPv6 according to RFC 2740 • The OSPF Opaque LSA Option according to RFC 2370 • Traffic Engineering Extensions to OSPF Version 2 according

to draft-katz-yeung-ospf-traffic-10.txt


OSPF-01P.............................. OSPFv2 emulation for CPU per port Load Modules

OSPFv3-01P...........................OSPFv3 emulation for CPU per port Load Modules

Tcl Script-OSPF....................... OSPF Tcl Script Test Suite (Requires OSPF-01P or OSPF-01S)

OSPF-B1S..............................OSPFv2 Bundle: OSPF-01S, Tcl Script-OSPF

OSPF-B1P.............................. OSPFv2 Bundle: OSPF-01P, Tcl Script-OSPF

Routing-B1P............................IPv4 Bundle: BGP4-01P, ISIS-01P, OSPF-01P, RIP-01P



IS-IS and IS-ISv6 Emulation Software

Ixia’s IS-IS Emulation Software enables users to test IS-ISrouters and networks quickly and efficiently. An IS-IS net-work is created by simply listing emulated routers, inter-faces, and route ranges. Alternatively, a router grid can be quickly configured by specifying the number of rows and columns of routers. Ixia translates the network infor-mation and constructs the appropriate Link State PDUs (LSPs) for flooding. Routers and networks can also be stress tested by changing network conditions. Advertisedroutes can be flapped on demand. Interfaces and routerscan emulate a downed link.

Ixia’s routing protocol emulations are extremely scalable. By using multiple test ports, large network configurationscan be set up with a single Ixia chassis. By emulating realistic configurations, Ixia can perform real world stresstesting of routers and networks. Multiple Ixia routing protocol emulations can be run simultaneously on each port, and wire-speed traffic can be generated to test the data and control planes. The IPv6 extensions of IS-IS can be tested using Ixia’s CPU per port Load Modules.

Level 2

Level 1

System Under Test

Emulated Router



Router Types Supported Level 1, Level 2, and Level 1+2

Network Type Supported Point-to-Point and Broadcast

Maximum Area Addresses 0 to 254; default 3

Adjacency Parameters Interface IP addresses, Mask, Metric, ID, Hello Interval,Dead Interval, LSP Refresh Rate, LSP Lifetime, Max LSP Size

Route Range Parameters Route IP addresses, Mask, Metric, IP Type (IPv4 or IPv6),Router Origin

Network Range (Grid) Route IP addresses, Mask, Metric, Router IDs, number ofParameters Rows, number of Columns, Entry Row, Entry Column, Link

Type, IP Type (IPv4 or IPv6)

Traffic Engineering Link Metric, Administrator Group, Maximum Bandwidth,Maximum Reservable Bandwidth, Unreserved Bandwidth(Priority 0-7), TE Path

Flapping Individual links and routes can be flapped

Peer Statistics Adjacencies Configured and Established

Additional Features Tcl APIs, ScriptGen (Tcl script auto generator) and wirespeed traffic generation. Multiple protocol emulations can be run concurrently on a single test port

Specifications

Emulation Flexibility Ixia’s IS-IS Emulation Software constructs and floods theappropriate LSPs based on network information enteredusing router, interface, and route range methodology. A test can be configured with just five inputs. Multiplerouters can be emulated on each physical port and eachemulated router can have multiple interfaces, each config-urable to a Level 1, Level 2, or a Level 1+2 interface or circuit type.

Scalability Thousands of IS-IS sessions and millions of routes can besupported on an IXIA 1600T chassis populated with CPUper port Load Modules. Multiple protocols can be run simultaneously in conjunction with wire-speed traffic. Inaddition, links and routes can be flapped to dynamicallyassess how a router will behave under adverse networkconditions. When a route range is flapped, the respectiveroutes are withdrawn from the router. When interfaces or routers are disabled, the respective interface(s) will notgenerate a response to IS-IS control plane messages.



Multi-Protocol Support Ixia’s family of emulation software can be run simultane-ously on one or many ports to simulate realistic networkscenarios. Generate up to line rate traffic to advertisedroutes. Learn which routes are entered into the forwardingtable when identical routes are learned from an internal and external protocol.

Easy-to-Use GUI The spreadsheet GUI in IxExplorer and in the IS-IS Emu-lation Software facilitates the entry of large configurations.Users can customize a test environment by displaying onlythe stream and protocol parameters relevant to the test.Select a range of cells and then increment, decrement, orset to the first value in the range. Once a network topologyis created, it can be copied easily across any supportedIxia interface. Just click on an emulated router or routerange and select copy. Click on another port and then just paste. Large configurations can be easily set up thisway to create intricate tests.

Tcl Support Automated scripts can be quickly created using the Tclscripting environment. Alternatively, the IxExplorer GUI canbe used to set up a test configuration, then Ixia’s ScriptGenutility used to translate the GUI settings to Tcl code with min-imal commands. Tcl support is available on Windows andUNIX platforms.

Requirements • IXIA 100, 250, 400T, 1600T, or Optixia® chassis• IS-IS and IS-ISv6: at least one of the following Ixia Load

Modules – 10/100 Mbps Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, 10 Gigabit Ethernet, OC-3c/12c/48c/192c (STM-1c/4c/16c/64c) Packet Over SONET, OC-3/12 ATM




IETF Standards • IS-IS intra-domain routing protocol according to ISO/IEC 10589

• Use of OSI IS-IS for Routing in TCP/IP and DualEnvironments according to RFC 1195

• Routing IPv6 with IS-IS according to draft-ietf-isis-ipv6-02.txt• IS-IS extensions for Traffic Engineering according to

draft-ietf-isis-traffic-04.txt


ISIS-01P...................................IS-IS emulation for CPU per port Load Modules

ISIS-02P...................................IS-IS IPv6 support (requires ISIS-01P)

ISIS-B1P...................................IS-IS IPv6 Bundle: ISIS-01P, ISIS-02P

Routing-B1P............................. IPv4 Bundle: BGP4-01P, ISIS-01P, OSPF-01P, RIP-01P

Routing-B2P............................. IPv6 Bundle: BGP4-01P, -03P, ISIS-01P, -02P, RIPng-01P



System Under Test

AS40

AS10

AS20

EBGP

EBGP AS30

Emulated Router

BGP and BGP+Emulation Software

Ixia’s BGP Emulation Software offers an extensive set of features for testing the performance and scalability of BGProuters running over IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks. Allmandatory and many additional BGP attributes are exposedto facilitate complex network configurations. Any combi-nation of peers can be defined as intra-autonomous (I-BGP)routers and inter-autonomous (E-BGP) routers. Hundreds of BGP peers can be simulated and millions of routes canbe advertised from a single Ixia test port.

Multiple Ixia protocol emulations can be run simultaneouslyon each test port in conjunction with wire-speed data trafficto simultaneously test the data and control planes. Configu-rations can be created or changed while the BGP statemachine is running, providing on-the-fly testing scenarios.Traffic streams can be automatically generated for sendingdata across advertised BGP routes. Customized trafficstreams can be configured with Ixia’s IxExplorer, well-renowned for its traffic generation and analysis flexibility.



Emulation Capabilities Each port can contain any combination of IPv4, IPv6, MPLS (IPv4/IPv6), and L3 VPN (IPv4/IPv6) sessions

Peer Types Each port can contain any combination of Internal, External, and Multi-hop peers

Route Prefix Range Up to 232 route prefixes can be specified in a route range entry

Configurable Attributes AS-Path (AS-Sequence, AS-Set, Confederation Sequence,Confederation Set), Next Hop, Origin, Local Preference,Multi-Exit Discriminator, Community, Atomic Aggregate,Aggregator, Originator ID, Cluster List

Flapping Individual links and routes can be flapped up and downtime intervals set in seconds

Staggered Start Multiple BGP peers can be started simultaneously or in a staggered interval

Statistics Extensive peer, route, and error statistics, error statisticsinclude Open Error Notification, Update Error, and Header Error Statistics

Peer Statistics AS Number, Hold Timer, ID, and IP addresses

Specifications

Emulation Flexibility Validate routing protocol performance using Ixia’s BGPEmulation Software. Ixia provides a wealth of configura-tion options to create complex configurations. Establishany combination of internal and external neighbors onone or many ports. Manipulate the mandatory and well-known route attributes of one or many routes to createrealistic Internet scenarios.

Scalability Thousands of BGP peers can be emulated and millions of BGP routes advertised from a single Ixia chassis popu-lated with CPU per port Load Modules. Multiple proto-cols can be run simultaneously in conjunction with line-rate traffic. In addition, links and routes can be flappedto dynamically assess how the router will behave underadverse network conditions.



Multi-Protocol Support Ixia’s family of emulation software can be run simultane-ously on one or many ports in conjunction with line-ratetraffic to simulate realistic Internet scenarios. Identifywhich routes are entered into the forwarding table whenidentical routes are learned from an internal and exter-nal protocol.

IxExplorer Integrated Ixia’s BGP Emulation Software is installed as an add-onto IxExplorer, Ixia’s Graphical User Interface (GUI) soft-ware for data and control plane testing. Traffic streams to advertised routes can be automatically created withthe Stream Generation Map. These streams can be fur-ther edited to create complex IP packets. In addition, statistics can be logged and graphed.

Easy-to-Use GUI The spreadsheet GUI in IxExplorer and in the BGPEmulation Software facilitates the entry of large con-figurations. Users can customize a test environment by displaying only the stream and protocol parameters relevant to the test. Select a range of cells and thenincrement, decrement, or set to the first value in therange. Once a network topology is created, it can becopied easily across any supported Ixia interface. Justclick on an emulated router or route range and selectcopy. Click on another port and then just paste. Largeconfigurations can be easily set up this way to create intricate tests.

Tcl Support Automated scripts can be quickly created using the Tclscripting environment. Alternatively, the IxExplorer GUIcan be used to set up a test configuration, then Ixia’sScriptGen utility used to translate the GUI settings to Tclcode with minimal commands. Tcl support is available on Windows and UNIX platforms.

Requirements: • IXIA 100, 250, 400T, 1600T, or Optixia® chassis• At least one Ixia Load Module: 10/100 Mbps Ethernet,

Gigabit Ethernet, 10 Gigabit Ethernet, OC-3c/12c/48c/192c (STM-1c/4c/16c/64c) Packet Over SONET, OC-3/12 ATM




IETF Standards • BGP Emulation messages encoded and decoded to a Border Gateway Protocol (BGP-4) (supersedes IETF RFC 1771)

• BGP Route Reflections encoded and decoded to IETF RFC 2976, BGP Route Reflection, an Alternative to FullMesh IBGP (supersedes IETF RFC 1996)

• BGP Communities encoded and decoded to IETF RFC1997, BGP Communities Attribute

• BGP Confederations encoded and decoded to IETF RFC3065, Autonomous System Confederations for BGP


BGP4-01P................................BGP-4 emulation for CPU per port Load Modules

BGP4-02P................................L3 MPLS VPNs support (requires BGP4-01P module)

BGP4-03P................................BGP IPv6 support (requires BGP4-01P module)

Tcl Script-BGP4........................ BGP-4 Test Suite (requires BGP4-01S or BGP4-01P emulation)



IP Multicast Emulation Software

Ixia’s IP Multicast Emulation Software offers the most com-prehensive tools for testing scalability and performance of multicast routers. Ixia offers emulations of Internet Group Membership Protocol (IGMP) versions 1, 2, and 3and Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) Protocol version 1and 2 for testing IPv4, IPv6, and dual-stack routers. Used in conjunction with Ixia’s CPU per port Load Modules, theseemulations offer unparalleled scalability and performance.

Ixia’s IP Multicast Emulations are integrated within IxExplorer,Ixia’s Graphical User Interface (GUI) software for data andcontrol plane testing. Large and intricate tests can be creat-ed quickly and simply with this interface. Configurations canbe created or changed on-the-fly while the state machine isrunning. Additional attributes are also exposed for thosewho demand increased protocol control. Once the configu-rations are completed, Ixia’s Stream Generation Map utilitycan be used to automate the construction of multicast trafficstreams to send through the topology.

DUTInternet Backbone

Multicasts Source

Emulated IGMP/MLD Clients

Emulated Router





Emulations IGMP version 1, 2, and 3; MLD version 1 and 2

Messages Types Supported IGMP• Generate Membership Reports (v1, v2, v3) and

Leave Reports (v2, v3) • Reply to Membership Queries

MLD• Generate Multicast Listener Reports and Multicast

Listener Done • Reply to Multicast Listener Queries

Operational Settings Enable Router Alert Option (IGMPv2/v3 and MLDv1/v2)

Enable Response to General Query messages (All versions)

Enable Response to Group Specific Query messages (IGMPv2/v3 and MLDv1/v2)

Enable Unsolicited Response Mode (All versions); Report Frequency (seconds)

Enable Suppress Reports (all versions) – membership reports not transmitted if learned from another host

Enable Immediate Response (All versions)

Enable packing for record/frame and source/record (IGMPv3 and MLDv2)

Rate Control of Time interval (milliseconds) and number of groups toGroup Reports specify within a membership report (integer). Default is

zero meaning transmit as fast as possible

Flapping Enabling a multicast group range will issue a membershipreport whereas disabling a group range will issue a leavereport (IGMPv2/v3 and MLDv1/v2)

Emulated Hosts Up to 1,000 hosts can be emulated per port

Scalability Up to 100,000 membership reports can be generatedper port when using IGMPv1, v2, and MLDv1. ForIGMPv3 and MLDv2, membership reports can be generated for the entire multicast address range

Specifications



Emulation Flexibility Generate a large multicast configuration in a single entryby simply incrementing the multicast group address oradding multiple multicast entries to increase granularity.Manipulate the operational behavior of generating member-ship reports and responding to membership queries.

Scalability Millions of membership reports and queries can be sup-ported on a single Ixia chassis system populated with Ixia’sCPU per port Load Modules. Multiple protocols can be run simultaneously and in conjunction with line-rate traffic. In addition, host responses and membership reports can be flapped to dynamically assess the performance of a multicast router under adverse network conditions.

Multi-Protocol Support Ixia’s family of emulation software can be run simultane-ously on one or many ports in conjunction with line-rate traffic to simulate realistic network scenarios. Ixia’s MulticastEmulation can be run with any combination of IGP and signaling protocols.

Easy-to-Use GUI Ixia’s IP Multicast Emulation Software is installed as an add-on to IxExplorer, Ixia’s Graphical User Interface (GUI)software for data and control plane testing. The IxExplorerGUI exposes many packet parameters so that complex IPUnicast, IP Multicast, and MPLS packets can be created. In addition, statistical results can be logged and graphed.IxExplorer’s GUI utilizes a spreadsheet interface to facilitatethe entry of large and complex configurations.


Requirements • IXIA 100, 250, 400T, 1600T, or Optixia® chassis • At least one of the following Ixia Load Modules:

LM100TXS8 (10/100), LM1000TXS4 (10/100/1000),LM1000SFPS4 (Fiber Gigabit Ethernet), 10 GigabitEthernet, OC-3/12 ATM, OC-3c/12c/48c/192c POS




IETF Standards • Host Extensions for IP Multicasting, specification for IGMPVersion 1 (IGMPv1) according to RFC 1112

• Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2 accordingto RFC 2236

• Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 3 according to RFC 3376

• Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) for IPv6 according toRFC 2710

• Multicast Listener Discovery Version 2 (MLDv2) for IPv6according to draft-vida-mld-v2-06.txt


MCAST-01P.............................Multicast emulation for CPU per port Load Modules (IGMP, MLD, and PIM-SM)

IxExplorer............................... Includes multicast emulation for IGMPv1 and IGMPv2



PIM-SM Multicast Emulation Software

Ixia’s PIM-SM Multicast Emulation Software provides thecapability for the extensive testing of PIM-SM enabledrouters. Used in conjunction with Ixia’s CPU per port Load Modules, the PIM-SM emulations offer unparalleledscalability and performance supporting hundreds of PIMneighbors per test port. Any combination of PIM Registerand Join/Prune Messages can be advertised from a port to simulate traffic from multicast sources and destinations.Any number of topologies can be simulated to validate a System Under Test‘s (SUT) ability to create unidirectionalshared trees rooted at a Rendezvous Point (RP) per groupand shortest-path trees per source.

Ixia’s Graphical User Interface (GUI) configuration simplifiesthe set up of large or intricate tests. A single multicast grouprange entry can advertise thousands of PIM Join/PruneMessages. Or multiple multicast group range entries can be used to create detailed test configurations. In addition,Ixia’s emulations allow configurations to be created orchanged while the state machine is running. For those whodemand increased protocol control, Ixia exposes timingparameters to control the rate of PIM-SM messages.

Multicasts Source

System Under Test

Emulated Router Emulated Host



Specifications

Emulation PIM-SM version 2

Messages Types Hello, Register, and Join/Prune [(*,*,RP), (*,G), (S,G), and (S,G,rpt)]

Message Control Rate Messages per interval and interval (ms). Default: 0 mean-ing transmit as fast as possible

Learned Join States For each multicast source senders, the (S,G) Joins receivedfrom downstream router can be displayed

Configurable Message Attributes

Hello Holdtime, LAN Prune Delay, DR Priority, BidirectionalCapable (Bidir_Capable), Generation ID (GenID)

Register Border bit (B) and Null-Register bit (N) automaticallyencoded by state machine if set as designated router.Multicast Addresses

Join/Prune Holdtime, Unicast Upstream Neighbor, Multicast group,Join Source, and Prune Source Addresses. State machinewill encode the number of Groups, Joined Sources, andPruned Sources based on configuration

Operational Behavior

Real-Time Configuration Emulated routers, interfaces, multicast groups, and sendersources can be created, deleted, or flapped in real-timewhile the state machine is running

Timed Switching Auto switch a range of multicast groups from (*,G) to (S,G) based on a delay time (sec) interval

Timed Flapping Based on a timed interval. Default: 60 seconds

State Refresh Three modes available: 1) constant mode keeps GenID fixed until a change

is made to a configuration entry 2) incremental mode increments GenID on every

hello message3) random mode inserts a random GenID value on

every hello message

Packed Groups When enabled, all multicast groups are added to oneJoined/Pruned Message. Otherwise, a Join/Pruned mes-sage is created for every multicast group

continued next page



Register Encapsulation Traffic For each emulated multicast sender enabled, Ixia will transmit source traffic encapsulated in register messagepackets until a RegisterStop message is received. Nativemulticast packets can be generated from source ports via the Stream Generation Map or from IxExplorer

Statistics Transmitted and Received counts of Hello, Register,RegisterStop, and Join/Prune Messages

Neighbor Capacity Up to 400 PIM-SM neighbors per port on Gigabit EthernetTXS Load Modules

Message Capacity Up to 10 million multicast destination groups are supportedon Gigabit Ethernet TXS Load Modules when packing modeis enable

Emulation Flexibility Large multicast tests can be generated in a single configura-tion entry by simply specifying an incrementing multicastgroup address. Detailed test configurations can be created by adding multiple multicast entries. Many of the protocoladjacency attributes are exposed in order to manipulate theoperational behavior of PIM-SM Hello, Join/Prune, andRegister messages.

Scalability Ixia’s Load Modules with a CPU per port offer the highest level of protocol emulation scalability in today’s test market.The PIM-SM protocol emulations run local on the test port’sCPU, thereby minimizing chassis system resources. An Ixiachassis system populated with CPU per port Load Modules can generate millions of Register and Join/Prune messages.In addition, Join/Prune messages can be flapped dynam-ically, or on a time interval, to assess the performance of a multicast router under adverse network conditions.

Multi-Protocol Support Ixia’s family of emulation software can be run simultaneouslyon one or many ports to simulate realistic network scenarios.Ixia’s PIM-SM Multicast Emulation Software can also be runwith any combination of IGP and MPLS signaling protocols.For example, to properly test Reverse Path forwarding func-tionality, a routing protocol emulation must be used to adver-tise the sender source addresses. In addition, Ixia’s IGMP multicast emulation can be used in conjunction with PIM-SM to simulate a variety of multicast topologies.



Easy-to-Use GUI Ixia’s IP Multicast Emulation Software is installed as an add-onto IxExplorer, Ixia’s Graphical User Interface (GUI) softwarefor data and control plane testing. The IxExplorer GUI exposes many packet parameters so that complex IP Unicast, IP Multicast, and MPLS packets can be created. In addition,statistical results can be logged and graphed. IxExplorer’s GUI utilizes a spreadsheet interface to facilitate the entry of large and complex configurations.

Tcl Support Automated scripts can be quickly created using the Tcl scripting environment. Alternatively, the IxExplorer GUI can be used to set up a test configuration, then Ixia’s ScriptGenutility used to translate the GUI settings to Tcl code with minimal commands. Tcl support is available on Windows and UNIX platforms.

Requirements • IXIA 100, 250, 400T, 1600T, or Optixia® chassis • At least one of the following Ixia Load Modules:

LM100TXS8 (10/100), LM1000TXS4 (10/100/1000),LM1000SFPS4 (Fiber Gigabit Ethernet), 10 GigabitEthernet, OC-3/12 ATM, OC-3c/12c/48c/192c POS


IETF Standards • Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM):Protocol Specification (Revised) according to draft-ietf-pim-sm-v2-new-07

• Bi-directional Protocol Independent Multicast (BIDIR-PIM)according to draft-ietf-pim-bidir-04


MCAST-01P.............................Multicast emulation for CPU per port Load Modules (IGMP, MLD, and PIM-SM)



DUT

CE 1

PE 1

P 1P 2

PE 2

PE 3

P 3

PE 4

VPN A

Layer 2 Traffic MPLS Traffic VPN A

VPN B VPN C

VPN C

CE 2

CE 3

LDP Extended Sessions

LDP Extended Session


VPN B

VPN B

Emulated Router

Layer 2 VPN Emulation Software

Ixia’s Layer 2 Virtual Private Network (Layer 2 VPN)Emulation Software is an add-on component to Ixia’s LDPEmulation Software that simulates the transport of Layer 2frames over MPLS. Both point-to-point Martini and any-to-anyVPLS (Virtual Private LAN Services) VPNs are supported pertheir respective IETF Internet Drafts. Complex Layer 2 VPNtopologies can be simulated by using Ixia’s Layer 2 VPNoption in combination with Ixia’s Interior Gateway Protocol(IGP) emulations (such as OSPF and IS-IS). Ixia’s flexibleGraphical User Interface facilitates a variety of configurationmodes. Each Virtual Circuit (VC) session entry in an Layer 2VPN can be config-ured to one or many peers. Multiple VCForwarding Equivalence Classes (FECs) can be advertisedfrom a single entry.

Hundreds of Layer 2 VPN sessions and thousands of FECscan be advertised from a single Ixia test port. In addition,VC FEC entries, emulated Layer 2 groups, and sessions canbe flapped to simulate realistic network scenarios.

The Layer 2 VPN emulation software is supported on a numberof Ixia Load Modules which feature a CPU per port. In addi-tion, multiple Ixia protocol emulations can be run concurrentlyon each test port, and wire-speed traffic can be generated tosimultaneously test the data and control planes.



L2 VPN Sessions LDP extended discovery mode

Modes Downstream unsolicited and liberal retention modes

Emulated VCs Frame Relay (Type 1), ATMAAL5 (Type 2), ATMXCell (Type 3), VLAN (Type 4) - default, Ethernet (Type 5), HDLC(Type 6), PPP (Type 7), Circuit Emulation Service over MPLS (CEM) – CEM (Type 8), ATMVCC (Type 9), ATMVPC(Type A), VPLS (Type B)

VC FEC Parameters General: Peer, VC ID, Description, Label Start, and LabelIncrement Mode Ethernet: MTUATM: ATM Present, Max # of ATM CellsCEM: CEM Payload Enabled, CEM Payload value, CEM Option Present Enabled, and CEM Option value

Flapping Sessions, emulated Layer 2 groups, and individual VC.FECranges can be flapped on demand

Labels Create, advertise, and withdraw VC FEC entries. Labelslearned displays VC FEC information, peers and labelspaces. VC FEC learned labels can be filtered based onPeer address, Label, Group ID, VC type, VC ID, and interface description

Emulated VC Encapsulations Ethernet VLAN and Ethernet without the use of a control word

Diagnostics Elapsed time (msec) for advertising or withdrawing FECentries, notifications, and debug messages

Specifications

Key Features • Establish and maintain hundreds of adjacencies per port• Configure large entries for VC FEC ranges quickly with

Ixia’s spreadsheet entry mode• Modify configuration entries while state machine is running,

to simulate realistic Internet conditions• View and filter learned labels• Generate wire-speed MPLS traffic for different Layer 2

VC types• Generate MAC TLVs for VPLS emulations• Create Tcl configuration code simply and easily by

using ScriptGen• Analyze real-time MPLS traffic on a packet-by-packet basis



Emulation Flexibility Ixia’s Layer 2 VPN emulation has the flexibility to emulateone or more LSRs, as well as generate up to thousands of VC FEC ranges on a single port. In addition, many ofthe sessions and the VC FEC attributes are exposed in the GUI, enabling users to create customized configurations.Likewise, a protocol window configuration can be easilyconverted to Tcl commands with Ixia’s ScriptGen utility.

Scalability Thousands of LDP sessions can be supported on an Ixiachassis populated with Ixia’s CPU per port Load Modules.Multiple protocols can be run simultaneously in conjunctionwith line-rate traffic. In addition, sessions and FEC rangescan be flapped to dynamically assess how your MPLS router will behave under adverse network conditions.

Easy-to-Use GUI Ixia’s Layer 2 VPN Emulation Software is installed as anadd-on to IxExplorer, Ixia’s Graphical User Interface (GUI)software for data and control plane testing. The IxExplorerGUI exposes many of the packet parameters so that com-plex IP and MPLS packets can be created. In addition, statistics can be logged and graphed.

IxExplorer’s spreadsheet GUI facilitates the entry of largeconfigurations for protocol emulations. For example, cus-tomize a test environment by displaying only the relevantprotocol and stream parameters. Select a range of cells and then increment or decrement from the first value in therange; or set the value of all selected cells to the first valuein the range. Use the copy and paste tools to copy Layer 2 VPN configurations across supported interfaces.


Requirements • IXIA 100, 250, 400T, 1600T, or Optixia® chassis • At least one Ixia Load Module with CPU per port:

10/100 Mbps, Gigabit, and 10 Gigabit Ethernet; OC-3/12 ATM; OC-3c/12c/48c/192c POS with 64MB or greater system RAM

• LDP Emulation Software• IxExplorer licensed software



IETF Standards • LDP Specification according to RFC 3036• LDP Applicability according to RFC 3037• LDP State Machine according to RFC 3215• Transport of Layer 2 Frames Over MPLS according to draft-

martini-l2circuit-trans-mpls-09.txt• Virtual Private LAN Services (VPLS) over MPLS according

to draft-lasserre-vkompella-ppvpn-vpls-03.txt• Pseudo-wire emulations:

- draft-martini-ethernet-encap-mpls-01.txt- draft-martini-ppp-hdlc-encap-mpls-00.txt- draft-martini-frame-encap-mpls-01.txt- draft-martini-atm-encap-mpls-01.txt- draft-malis-sonet-ces-mpls-05.txt


LDP-01P.................................. MPLS LDP emulation for CPU-based Load Modules

LDP-02P.................................. MPLS Layer 2 VPNs per Drafts Martini and VPLS (requires LDP-01P)

LDP-B2P.................................. MPLS Layer 2 VPN bundle: LDP-01P and LDP-02P

LDP-B3P.................................. MPLS signaling bundle: RSVP-01P and LDP-01P



Layer 3 VPN Emulation Software

Ixia’s Layer 3 Virtual Private Network (Layer 3 VPN)Emulation Software is an add-on component to the BGPEmulation Software that simulates Provider-Provisioned VPN(PPVPN) functionality per IETF Draft RFC 2547bis. ComplexLayer 3 VPN topologies can be created using the Layer 3VPN Emulation Soft-ware in combination with Ixia’s InteriorGateway Protocol (IGP) emulations (OSPF or IS-IS) and MPLSsignaling protocol emulations (LDP or RSVP-TE).

Ixia’s flexible Graphical User Interface (GUI) facilitates theconfiguration of large topologies. Hundreds of Layer 3 VPN sessions and thousands of VPN routes can be advertised pertest port. Wire-speed traffic can be generated over the VPNtopology to simultaneously test the data and control planes.

DUT

CE 1

PE 1

P 1P 2

PE 2

PE 3

P 3

PE 4

VPN A

IP Traffic MPLS Traffic VPN A

VPN B VPN C

VPN C

CE 2

CE 3

MP-iBGP Sessions

MP-iBGP Session

MP-iBGP Session

VPN B

VPN B

Emulated Router



Peer Types Internal BGP session with Multi-Protocol Extensions (MP-iBGP)

Address Type VPN-IPv4 Address routes with MPLS labels

Route Distinguisher (RD) Type – ASN: ASN and Assigned Number Type – IP: IP Address and Assigned Number The local or global part of a RD can be incremented withina VPN route range entry

Route Target (RT) Type – ASN: ASN and Assigned Number Type – IP: IP Address and Assigned Number Multiple RTs can be assigned to an emulated site

Flapping VPN routes, sites, and sessions can be flapped on demand.Timed flapping (up and down time intervals) can be config-ured for an entire VPN route range entry or for a partial set of routes

Staggered Start Multiple BGP peer sessions can be started simultaneously or staggered over a series of time intervals

Statistics Please see the BGP Emulation Software data sheet for complete list of available statistics

Specifications

Emulation Flexibility Ixia provides a wealth of options for creating complex VPNconfigurations. Generate large configuration with a singleentry by using ranges of incremented values for advertisedroutes, route distinguishers, and labels. Alternatively, addmultiple Layer 3 VPN entries to increase granularity. Ma-nipulate the mandatory and well known route attributes forone or many VPN routes to create realistic Internet scenarios.

Scalability Thousands of MP-iBGP peers and millions of VPN routes can be supported on a single Ixia chassis populated withCPU per port Load Modules. In addition, MP-iBGP sessionsand VPN routes can be flapped to dynamically assess theperformance of PEs under adverse network conditions.

Multi-Protocol Support Ixia’s emulation software can be run simultaneously on oneor many ports in conjunction with line-rate traffic to simulaterealistic Internet scenarios. Ixia’s Layer 3 VPNs can be oper-ated with any combination of IGP and signaling protocols.

Easy-to-Use GUI Ixia’s Layer 3 VPN Emulation Software is installed as anadd-on to IxExplorer, Ixia’s GUI software for data and con-trol plane testing. The IxExplorer GUI exposes many packet



parameters so that complex IP and MPLS packets can becreated. In addition, statistics can be logged and graphed.IxExplorer’s spreadsheet GUI facilitates the entry of largeand complex configurations.

Tcl Support Automated scripts can be quickly created using the Tclscripting environment. Alternatively, the IxExplorer GUI can be used to set up a test configuration, then Ixia’sScriptGen utility used to translate the GUI settings to Tclcode with minimal commands. Tcl support is availableon Windows and UNIX platforms.

Requirements • IXIA 100, 250, 400T, 1600T, or Optixia® chassis • At least one Ixia Load Module with CPU per port:

10/100 Mbps, Gigabit, and 10 Gigabit Ethernet; OC-3/12 ATM; OC-3c/12c/48c/192c POS with 64MB or greater system RAM

• BGP Emulation Software• IxExplorer licensed software

IETF Standards • BGP Emulation messages encoded and decoded accordingto draft_ietf_idr_bgp4-17, A Border Gateway Protocol(BGP-4) (Supersedes IETF RFC 1771)

• BGP Route Reflections encoded and decoded according toIETF RFC 2976, BGP Route Reflection – an Alternative to Full Mesh IBGP (Supersedes IETF RFC 1996)

• BGP Communities encoded and decoded according to IETFRFC 1997, BGP Communities Attribute

• BGP Confederations encoded and decoded according toIETF RFC 3065, Autonomous System Confederations forBGP

• BGP-4 RFC 1771 • Multi-protocol Extensions for BGP-4 according to RFC 2283• Capabilities Advertisement with BGP-4 according to RFC 2842• Multi-Protocol Extensions for BGP-4 according to RFC 2858• Carrying Label Information in BGP-4 according to RFC 3107• Extended Communities Attribute according to draft-ietf-idr-

bgp-ext-communities-05.txt• Multi-Protocol Extensions for BGP-4 according to draft-ietf-

idr-rfc2858bis-02.txt• AS-wide Unique BGP Identifier for BGP-4 according to

draft-ietf-idr-bgp-identifier-00.txt


BGP4-01P............................... BGP-4 emulation for CPU per port Load Modules

BGP4-02P............................... Layer 3 VPNs (requires BGP4-01P module)



LDP Emulation Software

Ixia’s LDP (Label Distribution Protocol) Emulation Software is easy to configure, flexible for simulating complex topolo-gies, and scalable to stress the performance of the mostpowerful MPLS capable routers. MPLS topologies can beemulated by using Ixia’s LDP in conjunction with an IxiaInterior Gateway Protocol (IGP) emulation, such as OSPF or IS-IS. The configuration process is straight forward, yetpowerful, using a spreadsheet interface to facilitate theentry of large configurations. In addition, ForwardingEquivalence Classes (FEC) entries and sessions can beflapped to simulate realistic network scenarios.

With Ixia’s CPU per port Load Modules, hundreds of LDPsessions and thousands of FECs can be advertised per testport. In addition, Ixia’s Layer 2 VPN Emulation Software canbe added to test and stress Layer 2 Virtual Circuit tunnels.Multiple protocols running simultaneously and wire-speedtraffic is supported on each test port.

LDP Extended Sessi

on

IP Traffic MPLS Traffic


LDP Basic Session

DUT

Emulated Router



Modes Independent Label Distribution Control and Liberal Label Retention

Messages Discovery (Basic and Extended), Session Establishment(Active or Passive role), Advertisements (Label Mapping and Withdraw), and Notifications (Fatal and Advisory)

Session Timers Configure Interval and Hold times for Hello and Keep Alive messages

Labels Create, advertise, and withdraw FEC entries. Labels learneddisplays FEC information, peers and label spaces. Filters can be applied on learned labels based on FEC parameters,peers, or label spaces. Scalability can be increased by specifying only certain FECs to be stored (Explicit Include)

Extended Multiple targeted peers can be specified on an extendedsession for quick scalability

Traffic Generation Stream Generation Map utility composes MPLS streamsbased on learned labels

Diagnostics Elapsed time (msec) for advertising or withdrawing FECentries, notification, and debug messages

Specifications

Key Features • Establish and maintain multiple adjacencies of basic andextended sessions per port

• Enter large numbers of sessions or FEC ranges quickly withIxia’s spreadsheet entry interface

• Modify configuration entries while state machine is runningto simulate realistic network conditions

• View and filter learned labels• Generate wire-speed MPLS data plane traffic• Create Tcl configuration code simply by using ScriptGen• Analyze real-time MPLS traffic on a packet-by-packet basis

Emulation Flexibility Users can validate the performance of their signaling protocol using Ixia’s LDP Protocol Emulation Software. Ixia’s LDP emulation has the flexibility to emulate one ormore LSRs as well as generate up to thousands of FECranges on a single port. In addition, many of the sessionand FEC attributes are exposed, enabling users to createcustomized configurations. Users also have the flexibility to configure via Tcl commands. Likewise, an LDP configura-tion can be easily converted to Tcl commands with Ixia’sScriptGen utility.



Scalability Thousands of LDP sessions can be supported on a singleIxia chassis. Multiple protocols can be run simultaneously inconjunction with line-rate traffic. In addition, sessions andFEC ranges can be flapped to dynamically assess how yourMPLS router will behave under adverse network conditions.

Multi-Protocol Support Ixia’s family of emulation software can be run simultaneouslyon one, or many ports to simulate realistic Internet scenar-ios. Generate line rate MPLS traffic to advertised labels.Learn when routers transmit traffic to MPLS labels instead of routes in the forwarding information base.

IxExplorer Integrated Ixia’s LDP Emulation Software is installed as an add-on toIxExplorer, Ixia’s Graphical User Interface (GUI) software for data and control plane testing. IxExplorer provides a high level of flexibility enabling complex MPLS packetsto be created, either manually or with Ixia’s Stream GenerationMap. This feature creates traffic streams automaticallybased on learned labels. Transmitted and received trafficstatistics can also be logged and graphed.

Easy-to-Use GUI The spreadsheet GUI in IxExplorer and the LDP EmulationSoftware facilitates the quick entry of large configurations.Customize a test environment by displaying only the streamand protocol parameters relevant to your test. Select a rangeof cells and then increment, decrement, or set them all tothe first value in the range. Test configurations can be easilycopied across Ixia’s supported interfaces. Simply click on a port, router, or FEC range and select copy. Click therespective entry on another port and then select paste.Large configurations can be easily created and modifiedthis way to set up intricate tests.

Tcl Support Automated scripts can be quickly created using the Tclscripting environment. Alternatively, the IxExplorer GUI canbe used to set up a test configuration, then Ixia’s ScriptGenutility used to translate the GUI settings to Tcl code withminimal commands. Tcl support is available on Windowsand UNIX platforms.



Requirements • IXIA 100, 250, 400T, 1600T, or Optixia® chassis • At least one Ixia Load Module with CPU per port: 10/100

Mbps, Gigabit, and 10 Gigabit Ethernet; OC-3/12 ATM;OC-3c/12c/48c/192c POS with 64MB or greater system RAM


IETF Standards • LDP Specification according to RFC 3036• LDP Applicability according to RFC 3037• LDP State Machine according to RFC 3215


LDP-01P.................................. MPLS LDP emulation for CPU-based Load Modules

LDP-02P.................................. MPLS L2 VPNs per Drafts Martini and VPLS (requires LDP-01P)

LDP-B2P.................................. MPLS L2 VPN Bundle: LDP-01P and LDP-02P

LDP-B3P.................................. MPLS Signaling Bundle: RSVP-01P and LDP-01P



RSVP-TE Emulation Software

Ixia’s RSVP-TE (Resource reSerVation Protocol with TrafficEngineering) Emulation Software is designed to analyze theperformance of MPLS Label Edge Routers (LERs) and LabelSwitching Routers (LSRs). When used in conjunction with an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) with traffic engineeringextensions, such as OSPF-TE, large and complex MPLStopologies can be emulated.

Ixia’s RSVP-TE Emulation Software can be easily configuredto establish and maintain thousands of Label Switched Paths(LSPs) on each Ixia test port to stress the most powerfulMPLS-capable routers. Once LSPs are generated, MPLS traf-fic can be transmitted, at line-rate speed, to capture metricssuch as packet loss and forwarding rates. RSVP extensionsfor fast re-route are supported to test systems for traffic re-direction upon failures.

System Under Test

Tunnel ATunnel A

Tunnel BTunnel B

Emulated Router



Key Features • Simultaneously emulate an ingress and egress router on the same test port to establish bi-directional pairs of tunnels

• Configure large numbers of entries quickly with spreadsheetentry mode

• Modify configuration entries while the state machine is running to simulate realistic network conditions

• Customize by configuring detailed object parameters• View labels assigned and received as well as LSP statistics• Generate wire-speed MPLS data plane traffic• Create Tcl configuration code simply by using ScriptGen• Analyze real-time MPLS traffic on a packet-by-packet basis

Session Attributes Session IP addresses, Hello Interval and Timeout Multiplier,Bandwidth (bps), Refresh Interval, Custom Hello TLVs

Ingress Endpoints Source/Destination IP addresses, LSP/Tunnel IDs

ERO Enable/Disable, IP addresses or AS numbers, Strict/Loose,Prepend DUT to ERO

RRO Enable/Disable, IP addresses or label numbers, Protection

Attributes Name field fixed or auto-generated, Setup and Holding priorities, Resource Affinities, and flags bits

TSpec Token Bucket Rate (Bps), Token Bucket Size (bytes), PeakData Rate (Bps), Minimum Policed Unit (bytes), andMaximum Packet size (bytes)

Fast Reroute Enable/Disable, Setup and Holding priorities, Hop Limit,Bandwidth, One to One or Facility Backup, Send Detour

Custom TLVs ResvErr, Path, PathTear

Egress Endpoint Destination IP Addresses, Reservation Confirmation flag

Label Range Default range: 1,000 to 100,000; Fixed label options:Explicit Null, Router Alert, IPv6 Explicit Null, and Implicit Null

RRO Reflect/Don’t Reflect, IP addresses or label numbers

Reservation “FF” or “SE” supported

Custom TLVs Resv, ResvTear, PathErr

Specifications



Emulation Flexibility Ixia’s RSVP-TE Emulation Software has the flexibility to emulate one or more ingress and egress routers and gener-ate thousands of LSPs on a single port. Many session andtunnel attributes are exposed, enabling users to create customized configurations. Users also have the flexibility to configure via Tcl commands. Protocol window configura-tions can be easily converted to Tcl commands with Ixia’sScriptGen utility. Ixia provides a number of ways to config-ure and manipulate RSVP-TE sessions.

Scalability Hundreds of thousands of LSPs can be supported on anIXIA 1600T chassis populated with per port CPU LoadModules. Multiple protocols can be run simultaneously inconjunction with line-rate traffic. In addition, sessions andtunnels can be flapped to dynamically assess how a MPLSrouter will behave under adverse network conditions.

Multi-Protocol Support Multiple protocols from Ixia’s family of emulation softwarecan be run simultaneously on one or many ports to simulaterealistic network scenarios. Generate line rate MPLS trafficto advertised labels. Learn when routers transmit traffic toMPLS labels instead of routes in the forwarding informationbase. Multiple protocols from Ixia’s family of emulation soft-ware can be run simultaneously on one or many ports tosimulate realistic network scenarios. Generate line-rate MPLStraffic to advertised labels. Learn when routers transmit traffic to MPLS labels instead of routes in the forwardinginformation base.

Easy-to-Use GUI The spreadsheet GUI in IxExplorer and in the RSVP-TEEmulation Software facilitates the entry of large configura-tions. Customize a test environment by displaying only thestream and protocol parameters relevant to the test. Select a range of cells and then increment, decrement, or set themall to the first value in the range. Test configurations can beeasily copied across Ixia’s supported interfaces. Simply clickon a neighbor pair or a tunnel range entry and select copy.Click the respective entry on another port and then selectpaste. Large configurations can be easily created and modi-fied this way to set up intricate tests.



Tcl Support Automated scripts can be quickly created using the Tclscripting environment. Alternatively, the IxExplorer GUI canbe used to set up a test configuration, then Ixia’s ScriptGenutility used to translate the GUI settings to Tcl code with minimal commands. Tcl support is available on Windowsand UNIX platforms.

Requirements • IXIA 100, 250, 400T, 1600T, or Optixia® chassis • At least one Ixia Load Module: 10/100 Mbps,

Gigabit, and 10 Gigabit Ethernet; OC-3/12 ATM; OC-3c/12c/48c/192c (STM-1c/4c/16c/64c) Packet Over SONET


IETF Standards • Resource reSerVation Protocol (RSVP) according to RFC 2205

• Integrated service framework's QoS control services according to RFC 2210

• Extensions to RSVP for LSP Tunnels according to RFC 3209

• Fast reroute according to draft-ietf-mpls-rsvp-lsp-fastreroute-02.txt


RSVP-B1S................................MPLS RSVP-TE Bundle: RSVP-1S and Tcl Script-MPLS

RSVP-01P................................ MPLS RSVP-TE emulation for CPU-based Load Modules

RSVP-B1P................................ MPLS RSVP-TE Bundle: RSVP-01P and Tcl Script-MPLS



RPR/SRP Emulation Software

Ixia’s RPR and SRP options for OC-48c and OC-192cPacket Over SONET Load Modules provide the industry’sfirst tool-set for wire-speed performance validation of next generation ring-based network elements operating with RPR or SRP MACs.

Ixia’s RPR/SRP Emulation Software allows the creation of all frame formats, emulation of multiple ring nodes, and capture and decode of RPR and SRP frames. In addi-tion, RPR and SRP specific capture triggers and filters are provided, simplifying development, quality assurance, and deployment.

DUT

Ixia Simulated Ring

Inner Ring Receive

Inner Ring Transmit

Outer Ring Receive

Outer Ring Transmit

Ixia Simulated Ring

Emulated Router



RPR

Supported Frame Types Data, Fairness, Discovery,Protection, Idle, OAM

Streams Up to 160 AdvancedStreams or 256 SequentialStreams

Emulated Nodes Up to 128 per port

Generic Header Configuration All fields editable – Time-to-live, Ring Identifier, FairnessEligible, Packet Type,Service Class, WrapEligible, Parity. ExtendedHeader control is supported,all fields editable

User-Defined Parameters Header type and/or version over-ride for nega-tive testing, Extended Status Message TLV encoding

Capture Triggers/Filters MAC DA, MAC SA, IP DA, IP SA, Ringlet 0, Ringlet 1,Fairness Eligibility 0,Fairness Eligibility 1, IdlePacket, Control Packet,Fairness Packet, DataPacket, Service Class (anybit combination), WrapEligibility 0, Parity Bit 0,Wrap Eligibility 1, Parity Bit 1, User Defined

Statistics Fairness framessent/received, Protectionframes received, Discovery frames received, Data frames received, OAM frames received, Idle frames received,Timeout events, Header CRCerrors, Payload CRC errors

SRP

Data, Usage, Discovery, IPS

Up to 160 AdvancedStreams or 256 SequentialStreams

Up to 128 per port

All fields editable – Time-to-live, Ring Identifier, Mode,User Priority, Parity

Header type and/or versionover-ride for negative testing

MAC DA, MAC SA, IP DA,IP SA, Mode (any bit com-bination), Inner Ring, OuterRing, Priority (any bit com-bination), Parity Bit Odd, Parity Bit Even, DiscoveryFrame, IPS Frame, UserDefined

Usage frames sent/received,IPS frames received,Discovery frames received,Data frames received,Timeout events, Usage sta-tus, Header parity errors

Specifications



Emulation Flexibility Ixia’s RPR/SRP option enable comprehensive and complex traffic flows to be created. Packets may be completely spec-ified, including RPR/SRP header information, MAC address-es, payload headers, and data fill patterns. Packet sizesmay be automatically determined or user-defined.

Advanced Testing Comprehensive test data may be embedded into theRPR/SRP packets to measure latency, verify data integrity,and validate in-order delivery. In addition, Ixia’s PacketGroup Signature may be added, allowing for advancedstatistical analysis of received data or tracing back to a source port.

Tcl Support Automated scripts can be quickly created using the Tclscripting environment. Alternatively, the IxExplorer GUI can be used to set up a test configuration, then Ixia’sScriptGen utility used to translate the GUI settings to Tcl code with minimal commands. Tcl support is availableon Windows and UNIX platforms.

Requirements The RPR and SRP emulations run on Ixia’s standard OC-48c and OC-192c Load Modules. A simple mode switch togglesbetween RPR or SRP mode and standard Packet Over SONEToperation. This provides the ultimate in flexibility, uses theminimum amount of valuable rack space, and leverages theinvestment in Ixia hardware for multiple test cases.


SW-RPRSONET........................RPR stream generation and protocol support for OC-48c/OC-192c POS Load Modules

SW-SRPSONET........................SRP stream generation and protocol support for OC-48c/OC-192c POS Load Modules


Conformance Applications Ixia p. 96

IxANVL – Automated NetworkValidation Library

Ixia’s IxANVL (Automated Network Validation Library) is the industry standard for automated network/protocol vali-dation. Developers and manufacturers of networking equip-ment and Internet devices rely on IxANVL to validate proto-col compliance and interoperability. Many customers have chosen IxANVL for its ease-of-use, enhanced GUI, and flexible test automation capabilities. In addition, IxANVLoffers a veritable universe of protocol libraries and utilities.

IxANVL is able to run on minimal hardware, a PC with a Linux and Ethernet card, however, it is particularly wellsuited to operate on Ixia’s powerful test and analysis plat-form via a VNIC (Virtual Network Interface Card) driver.This flexibility enables IxANVL to support all industry stan-dard test interfaces including 10/100/1G/10G Ethernet,ATM, Serial, Async and T1/E1. IxANVL provides confor-mance, negative and regression testing on a vast selectionof protocols including Bridging, Routing, PPP, TCP/IP, IPv6,IP storage, RMON, VPN, MPLS and Multicast.

1600

Option 1: Direct Connection to DUT

Option 2: Connect to DUT via Ixia Load Module using VNIC

VNIC

Management Port

Ixia Test Platform

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Test Coverage

Test RequiredIxANVL Target Reference Case TestTest Suites Protocols Specification Count Interfaces

IP Test Suites IPv6 Core IPv6 RFC 2460, 2464 99 2IPv6CP RFC 2472 17 1ICMPv6 RFC 2463 38 2

IPv6 NDP RFC 2461 203 2Advanced AutoConfig RFC 2462 28 2

MLD RFC 2710 98 2V6oV4 RFC 2893, 2529, 3056 92 2PMTU RFC 1981 10 2IP Router Alert RFC 2711 13 1IPv6 Jumbogram RFC 2675 21 2

IPv4 IPv4 RFC 791, 1122, 1812 72 2ICMP RFC 792 33 2

Routing IP RIP RIP RFC 1058, 2453 55 2IPGW RFC 1812, 1122 18 2

OSPF Core OSPF RFC 1583, 2328 310 2OSPF Opaque LSA, RFC 2370, 1587, 49 2Extensions NSSA, DB Overflow 1765OSPFv3 OSPFv3 RFC 2740 344 2BGP4 Core BGP RFC 1771 232 3

draft-ietf-idr-bgp4-17BGP4 BGP-OSPF, RFC 1403, 1997, 118 2Extensions Communities, 2439, 2796, 2918,

Route Flap Damping, 3065Route Reflection,Route Refresh,Confederations

ISIS ISIS RFC 1195, ISO/IEC 203 210589: 1992(E)

ISISv6 ISIS-v6 draft-ietf-isis-ipv6-02 203 2MPLS Label Encapsulation RFC 3032 69 2

RSVP-TE RFC 3209 90 3LDP LDP RFC 3036 522 3

LDP State RFC 3215 153 3Multicasting IGMP IGMPv2 RFC 2236 42 2Test Suites DVRMP DVMRP draft-ietf-idmr-dvmrp- 66 3

v3-07PIM Dense Mode draft-ietf-pim-v2-dm-04 160 3

draft-ietf-pim-sm-v2-Sparse Mode new-07 265 3

TCP Test TCP Core TCP RFC 793, 1122, 2460 156 2Suites TCP Slow Start, RFC 2001, 2581, 48 1

Advanced Congestion Control, 1191, 2385, 2463,PMTU Disc, MD5 1981

TCP High Ext for High RFC 1323, 2018, 793 52 1Performance Performance,

Selective AcknowledgeIP Storage iSCSI iSCSI Target draft-ietf-ips-iscsi-20 198 1Suites iSCSI Initiator draft-ietf-ips-iscsi-20 193 1



VPN IPSec AH MD5, SHA RFC 2401, 2402 51 2Test Suites IPSec ESP MD5, SHA, DES, RFC 2401, 2403, 67 2

3DES, Blowfish 2404, 2405, 2406IPSec IKE ISAKMP, IKE RFC 2407, 2408, 2409 385 2L2TPSec Same as L2TP 99 1L2TP L2TP RFC 2661 99 1PPTP PPTP draft-ietf-pppext-pptp-02 55 1

PPP Test PPP LCP, PPP, PPP RFC 1661, 1662 111 2Suites in HDLC Authentication

(PAP, CHAP) RFC 1334 37 1RFC 1471 RFC 1471 15 1RFC 1473 RFC 1473 5 1

IPCP IPCP RFC 1332 19 2VJ VJ Compression RFC1144 48 2Multilink PPP MPPP RFC1717, 1990 59 3

Bridging Spanning 802.1d IEEE Std. 802.1d 51 3Test Suites Tree

Rapid 802.1w IEEE Std. 802.1w 127 3Spanning TreeMSTP 802.1s IEEE 802.1s, 802.1q 231 3VLAN 802.1q, GMRP, GVRP IEEE Std. 802.1q 150 3

RMON RMON Ethernet RFC 1757 116 1Test Suites General RFC 1757 372 1Toolkits TCP Toolkit Toolkit - sample N/A 4 1

tests onlySMNP Toolkit Toolkit - sample N/A 4 1

tests only

Benefits IxANVL Saves Time & MoneyIxANVL allows vendors to verify the design during the entire product life cycle. Problems can be identified earlierin order to prevent costly last-minute reworks. IxANVL canemulate large, multi-node networks that were previously costprohibitive. The result is more efficient tests and quickerproduct release times.

IxANVL Increases ConfidenceIxANVL increases confidence in product quality by enablingextensive and thorough testing to be performed automatically,without supervision. IxANVL’s test results allow users to:

• Determine exactly where a device’s protocol software doesand does not meet the specification

• Observe how well the device will handle traffic from non-complying network components

• Determine what effects new development has on existingcode through regression testing



IxANVL Expands EasilyWith a source code license, users can easily add new inter-face types, protocols, and/or tests to their IxANVL system.

IxANVL Supports More ProtocolsIxANVL supports a comprehensive list of protocols, includ-ing Unicast/Multicast Routing, Bridging, IPv6, VPN, MPLS,PPP, TCP/IP, RMON and IP Storage.

Test Methodology

IxANVL follows a rigorous process to develop the test suite:1. Analyze protocol specification line-by-line 2. Develop a list of testable statements called a Test Assertion List (TAL) 3. Augment TALs with more negative tests 4. Prioritize and group TALs for the test suite5. A test method is developed for each accepted test assertion.

During the development process, continual verification withprotocol standard authors or implementers is performed.

Test Configuration The IxANVL test suite can run on a Linux PC with off-the-shelf Network Interface Cards or on Ixia’s Load Modulesthrough a Virtual Network Interface Card (VNIC) connec-tion. The tester (Linux PC) connects with the Device UnderTest (DUT) via test interfaces. Up to three interfaces may beutilized, depending on the test configuration. IxANVL hasthe flexibility to emulate various system topologies to createvirtually any test scenarios, for almost any DUT.

IxANVL offers the option of a command-line interface, and a user-friendly graphical user interface, which allows intu-itive test execution management and detail reporting. TheIxANVL test suite is also available in source code format,allowing users to easily customize tests by adding or modi-fying the source code. Users can also add scripts to config-ure DUTs to automate the test process. The command lineinterface allows for easy parsing and storing of informationas well as the ability to integrate IxANVL with customers‘ATS environments.

IxANVL classifies test cases into 3 categories – MUST,SHOULD, and MAY, according to RFC recommendation. This allows easy configuration of the level of conformancein which the DUT is required to comply.

IxANVL

Test SuiteCode

Test MethodTALsSpecifications



Test Execution The IxANVL test can be run using two options – GUI or command line input. In GUI mode, the user selects whichtest suite and test cases to run. In command mode, the user types a command with options indicating which testsshould be run and the desired level of output.

IxANVL then sends packets to the DUT based on what thetest is designed to do, after which, IxANVL receives packetsfrom the DUT, and compares them to what was expected.After receiving these packets, IxANVL reacts according tothe returned information – it may continue the test, stop thetest, log an error message, or a host of other functions.

During the the test, IxANVL logs the progress in real-time.After completion, IxANVL indicates whether the test passedor failed. IxANVL then repeats the process with the next testuntil all selected tests have been run.

Test Results Users can specify four different levels of test outputs:

• High level – basic pass/fail• Medium level – pass/fail and test event status• Low level – comprehensive report with packet decode• Hexdump – detail report with hexdump of every packet

exchanged between tester and DUT

IxANVL classifies test cases into three categories: MUST, SHOULD, and MAY.



Platform IxANVL test suites operate on a Linux PC with the followingconfiguration:

• Redhat Linux 7.3, 8.0 or 9.0 on ix86 Platform• 1 GHz Pentium-III CPU or faster• 512 MB RAM• 512 MB Free Disk Space

Supported Interfaces IxANVL supports a wide range of network interface cardsthat directly attach to a Linux PC:

• Ethernet 10/100

IxANVL reports results of every test run.

IxANVL results include detailed trace outputs.

All IxANVL tests are logged for post analysis.



• Gigabit Ethernet• Async serial• Sync serial• T1/E1• OC3 ATM (classical IP over ATM)• PPPoE


APIs and SDKs Ixia p. 103

Ixia Tcl API (ApplicationProgramming Interface)

The Ixia Tcl API provides a rich set of programming inter-faces in Tcl (Tool Command Language), the most populartest automation scripting language in the telecom industry.The Ixia Tcl API provides full access to Ixia hardware plat-form functions, allowing users to configure the hardwareand execute programs on the system. The Tcl API can beused to automate the use of thousands of ports and multiple functional tests.

Ixia products were designed with automation in mind. A sophisticated, yet comprehensive, library of commandshelps test engineers implement Tcl scripts for product development, regression and long-term testing. Using a client-server architecture, any number of users may simultaneously share one or more Ixia chassis using the Tcl API, or any other Ixia application.

Windows Client

Ixia Chassis

Unix Client

Tcl Scripts

Tcl Server

IxServer

Hardware Load Modules

Ixia Tcl Client

Tcl Script

Ixia Tcl Client

Ixia Tcl Client

Windows Host



Key Features • Designed as an extension to Tcl/Tk software that can beloaded into custom Tcl applications

• Command structure is consistent with typical Tcl applica-tions available on the Internet

• Implemented in C++• Operates on Windows, UNIX and Linux platforms • Available to UNIX users with an additional Tcl Server module

Benefits • Quickly create custom scripts to automate product development • Create custom tests that can be easily implemented across

tens to thousands of ports • Allows easy management of Ixia hardware from the

command line• Easy repeatability of tests to help isolate problems and

determine the impact of proposed solutions

Tcl Command Library The Ixia Tcl Command Library is a set of Tcl commands thatform the Tcl API and are used to configure all aspects ofIxia product operation:

• Chassis, Load Module and port setup including timing, trans-mit modes, receive modes, and low level interface operation

• Data transmission• Data capture and statistics• Protocol server operation for IP, IPv6, ARP, IGMP, MLD,

BGP4, OSPF, IS-IS, IS-ISv6, RSVP-TE, LDP, RIP, RIPng, PIM-SM and PIM-SMv6

The command library contains a set of high level com-mands that permits common operations to be performedacross one or multiple Ixia ports. This provides a powerful meansto create customized applications to control testing.

Architecture From Windows based clients, Tcl scripts can access Ixiahardware remotely via the Tcl HAL (Tcl Hardware AbstractionLayer) interface. This interface serializes communications to the IxServer software running on the Ixia chassis.IxServer directly controls the hardware Load Modules onthe chassis. From UNIX clients, a Tcl server is utilized, run-ning either on the chassis or an intermediate Windows host.

Product Ordering Information The Tcl API is included with the standard IxOS distribution.



Ixia Linux SoftwareDevelopment Kit

The Ixia Linux Software Development Kit (SDK) contains thetools and documentation required to build custom distributedapplications to run on Ixia’s processor based Load Modules.Custom applications can be used in conjunction with Ixiadeveloped applications. Users who write custom test applica-tions for Linux PCs can now move those applications onto IxiaLoad Modules to reduce space and management overhead.

Ixia ChassisApplication Linux System

Download

Ixia Load Modules running Linux

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Specifications

Load Modules Supported LM100TXS8, LM1000TXS4, LM1000SFPS4

Development System Debian 3.0 or Red Hat Linux 7.3 or later; 128 MB RAM, Requirements 2GB hard drive space

Cross-compiler GNU GCC 2.95, GCC 3.0.2

Embedded OS Linux Kernel 2.4

Benefits • Boost performance of custom test applications using the mostcompact form factor test hardware available in the industry

• Eliminate problems of maintaining multiple PCs with multi-ple software versions

• Reduce cost and real estate by moving to a single, easy-to-manage Ixia platform

• Streamline processes to compile, download and run your custom application on Ixia Load Module processors

• Create realistic scenarios using Ixia’s Layer 2-3 wire-speedtraffic generation engine in conjunction with custom test applications

• Utilize the Linux TCP stack to create Layer 4-7 traffic such as HTTP, FTP, and Telnet to simulate real-world network traffic

Porting Applications Ixia‘s Linux implementation follows the Linux Standard Base,so porting Linux applications to the Ixia Load Modules isoften as simple as recompiling them using the cross-compilerincluded in the Ixia Linux SDK. The resulting applicationscan be built into the default load image for all LoadModules on a chassis, or can be downloaded to individual Load Modulesvia FTP.

Architecture A typical configuration for running Linux applications on IxiaLoad Modules includes the user‘s Linux PC, Ixia Chassis run-ning Windows and standard Ixia software (IxServer andIxExplorer), processor based Load Modules, and a user-suppliedDevice Under Test (DUT) connected to the test ports of theLoad Modules.

The following sequence of steps occurs when a test is run on an Ixia platform:

• A server application running on the chassis (IxServer) is started, and locates all the Load Modules present inthe chassis



• IxServer downloads an image containing Ixia Linux and a set of standard and/or custom applications onto the Load Modules

• IxServer sets up a management IP address for each portCPU on each Load Module

User applications running on the port CPUs can use standardLinux system services and commands, and may communicatewith the user‘s PC via TCP/IP over the management network, or with the DUT via the test network port. User applications running on the the user's PC can control custom applications on the Ixia Load Modules via TCP/IP, and can use the optionalIxia C++ and TCL APIs to request wire-speed traffic generationor analysis.


SDK-LINUX-370....................... IxOS Release 3.70 Linux SDK for Linux-based CPU per port Load Modules (licensed per developer)


Interfaces Ixia p. 107

10 Gigabit Universal Load Module (LAN, WAN, OC-192c POS)

Ixia’s 10 Gigabit Universal Load Module is a comprehen-sive wire-speed traffic generation, capture, analysis, androuting performance verification tool. The Load Module is configurable for 10 GbE LAN/WAN, OC-192c PacketOver SONET (POS), and OC-192c Bit Error Rate Testing(BERT). The 10 Gigabit Universal Load Module can beordered with fixed 10G optics or with a 10G Small FormFactor Pluggable (XFP) interface. It supports the latest revision of the 10G XFP Multi-Source Agreement (MSA).

10 Gigabit Universal Load Module.

10 Gigabit Universal Load Module with XFP.



10 GbE LAN/WAN When configured as 10 GbE LAN/WAN, the 10 GigabitUniversal Load Module provides wire-speed traffic genera-tion, capture, analysis, and routing protocol performanceverification for IEEE 802.3ae-compliant 10GBASE-R (LAN)and 10GBASE-W (WAN) devices.

OC-192c The 10 Gigabit Universal Load Module can also be con-figured for OC-192c, making it a comprehensive tool for testing network elements with Packet Over SONET/SDHinterfaces operating at the STS-192c/STM-64 levels. Thisconfiguration offers full wire-speed packet generation, providing unrivaled capability to test the full network paththrough a single device or through the network itself.

BERT In the BERT configuration, the 10 Gigabit Universal LoadModule functions as a SONET-framed BERT Load Modulethat delivers cost-effective Layer 1 testing capabilities. In this configuration, the Load Module allows manufacturersand network operators to stress test their equipment usingindustry standard PRBS patterns. With extensive access to SONET overhead bytes and the ability to monitor andinject errors in individual SONET frames, the 10 GigabitUniversal Load Module delivers comprehensive Layer 1 performance verification.

Flexible Traffic Generation Traffic is generated in real-time by intelligent logic imple-mented in FPGAs on each Ixia port. Data is generated oneach port by defining up to 256 streams. Within eachstream, millions of packets can be defined with completelycustomizable characteristics for every packet header field.Customizable payload content can also be defined.

Real-Time Latency Packets representing different types of traffic profiles can be associated with Packet Group Identifiers (PGIDs). Thereceiving port measures the minimum, maximum, and average latency in real-time for each packet belonging to different groups.


Packet StreamsThe packet streams transmit engine allows generation of upto 256 unique streams on each port. Multiple streams can



be defined in sequence containing multiple packets withcustom characteristics. After transmission of all packets in the first stream, control is passed to the next definedstream in the sequence. After reaching the last stream in the sequence, transmission may either cease or control may be passed on to any other stream in the sequence.Therefore, multiple streams are cycled through, represen-ting different traffic profiles to simulate real world traffic.

Advanced Stream SchedulerUp to 160 unique streams can be interleaved per port,each having its own packet characteristics and rate. Forexample, presume that Port 1 is made up of three streams.If Stream 1 is defined with IP packets at 20% of line uti-lization, Stream 2 is defined with TCP packets at 50% ofline utilization, and Stream 3 is defined with MPLS packetsat 30% of line utilization, data on Port 1 will be transmitted at an aggregate utilization of 100% with interleaved IP,TCP, and MPLS packets.

Extensive Statistics • Real-time 64-Bit counts and frame rates• Spreadsheet format for convenient manipulation of

statistics counters• Eight Quality of Service counters (supporting 802.1p,

and IPv4 TOS measurements)• Up to four user-defined statistics are available that use

a trigger condition• Extended statistics for ARP, ICMP, BGP, OSPF, IS-IS,

RSVP-TE, and LDP• External file logging for statistics and alerts• Audible and visual alerts with user-definable thresholds

Data Capture Each port is equipped with 32 MB of capture memory,which can store tens of thousands of packets in real-time.The capture buffer can be configured to store packetsbased on user-defined trigger and filter conditions. Decodesfor IPv4, IPv6, UDP, ARP, BGP-4, IS-IS, OSPF, TCP, DHCP,IPX, RIP, IGMP, CISCO ISL, VLAN, and MPLS are provided.

Routing Protocols The 10 Gigabit Universal Load Module supports all IxiaProtocol Emulation Suites, including routing (BGP-4, OSPF,IS-IS, and RIP) for IPv4 and IPv6 as well as MPLS signaling(RSVP-TE, LDP), L2/L3 VPNs, and multicast protocols (IGMP,MLD, and PIM-SM). Protocol emulation is driven by thelocal processor, that gives a scalable, distributed process-ing engine that enhances the performance of the protocolstate machines.



Data Integrity As packets traverse through routers and the IP header contents are changed, the CRC value is recalculated by the router. To validate router performance, the data integrityfunction of the 10 Gigabit Universal Load Module allowspacket payload contents to be verified with a unique CRCthat is independent of the packet CRC. This ensures that thepayload is not disturbed as the router changes header fields.

Sequence Checking Sequence numbers can be inserted at a user-defined offsetin the payload of each transmitted packet. Groups of packets, associated by unique identifiers, can be defined.Upon receipt of these packets through the Device UnderTest (DUT), out of sequence errors for each group of pack-ets are reported in real-time at wire-speed rates.

Tcl API Ixia’s 10 Gigabit Universal Load Modules are supported by a full Tcl Application Programming Interface (API). ThisAPI allows users to develop custom scripts and integrate the modules into automated test environments.

BERT Ixia has extended its ease-of-use capabilities to the UniversalLoad Module with its BERT configuration by offering easysetup, extensive statistics, and remote port management.The receive port can automatically detect incoming PRBSpatterns and can operate independently of the transmitport. In addition, the module also provides an extensive set of BERT and SONET statistics. Each statistic can be configured to provide audio and visual alerts, as well as long-term file logging.

APS Testing Ixia’s BERT Load Modules offer precision, user-definablerates for SONET alarm and error insertions. Combined with the module’s Service Disruption measurement capa-bilities, users can easily validate Automatic ProtectionSwitchover (APS) thresholds for a variety of error modes.

Compatibility Ixia’s BERT Load Modules use industry standard PRBS patterns and G.826 statistics and are fully compatible with SONET-framed BERTs from other vendors.



General Interface Specifications

Number of Ports/ 1/SC (Fixed) or XFP-slotInterface Options

Optical Interface (nm) 1310, 1550, or XFP (Supports transceivers compliant to the XFP MSA)

1310 nm 1550 nm XFPTransmit Output Power from -6 to -1dBm from -1 to 2dBm ModuleReceiver Sensitivity -11dBm -14dBm DependentReceiver Overload -1dBm -1dBm

Capture Buffer 32 MB per port, configurable trigger, and filter conditions

Number of Streams 256 (Packet Streams) or 160 (Advanced StreamScheduler)

Transmit Engine Built-in FPGA logic for wire-speed packet generation with timestamps, sequence numbers, and packet group signatures

Receive Engine Built-in FPGA logic for wire-speed packet filtering, capturing, real-time latency for each packet group, dataintegrity, and sequence checking

Applications • IxExplorer: Layer 2 and Layer 3 wire speed traffic generation and analysis

• Protocol Emulation: BGP-4, OSPF, MPLS (RSVP-TE, LDP), IS-IS, L2/L3 VPNs, RIPng, IS-ISv6, BGP+, MLD, PIM-SMand IGMP on local port processor

• ScriptMate: Tcl scripts for automated Layer 2/3 testing• Tcl: Custom user development

10 Gigabit Ethernet LAN and WAN Specifications

Frame Length Fixed, Random (Specify Min./Max.), Increment from 24bytes to 64K bytes

SONET Statistics (WAN) Link State, Line Speed, Section LOS, Section LOF, SectionBIP (B1), Line AIS, Line RDI, Line REI (FEBE), Line BIP (B2),Path AIS, Path RDI, Path REI (FEBE), Path BIP (B3), Path LOP, Path Signal Label (C2)

Ethernet Statistics Link State, Line Speed, Frames Sent, Valid Frames Received,Bytes Sent/Received, Fragments, Undersize, Oversize, CRCErrors, Flow Control Frames, VLAN Tagged Frames, LineErrors, User-Defined Stat 1, User Defined Stat 2, CaptureTrigger (UDS 3), Capture filter (UDS 4), User-Defined Stat5, User Defined Stat 6, 8 QoS Counters, ARP, and PingRequests and Replies

continued next page



UDF (User Definable Fields) 4 UDFs with fixed, increment or decrement by user-definedstep, persistent, cascade and random modes

Filters 48-Bit Source/Destination Address, 2x128-Bit User-Definable Pattern and Offset, Frame Length Range, CRC Error

Scrambling (WAN) 1+X43 payload scrambling (optional)SONET Error Insertion (WAN) Insert single, continuous, or user-defined rates for Section

LOF, B1, B2, B3, and Line

Ethernet Error Generation CRC (Good/Bad/None), Undersize, Oversize

MAC Source and Destination Fixed, Increment, Decrement or Random, with User DefinedOverride (Mask) to Force any Bit(s) to 1 or 0

IPv4 Source and Destination Fixed, Increment, Decrement, or Random, with Subnet Mask

IPv6 Source and Destination Fixed, Increment, Decrement, with Subnet Mask

Data Field Inc byte, inc word, dec byte, dec word, random, repeating,fixed, user configurable, load from file, CJPAT, and CRPATpatterns

LANMaximum Packet Rate Up to 14.88 Million

Packets/Sec @ 64 Bytes with Minimum Legal Gap (12 bytes) Between Packets and Preamble (8 bytes). Ability to exceed the maximum packet rate using less than legal minimum gap

IPv4, UDP, TCP Hardware checksum generation

VLAN Statistics and Generation of 802.1p, q VLAN Frames

Flow Control Statistics, Response, and Generation of 802.3x FlowControl Frames

Latency Measurements 20ns resolution

Trigger Out 2 SMA connectors provide triggers

Visual and Audible Alerts All Statistics



OC-192c/STM-64 POS Specifications

Layer 2 Encapsulation Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) over SONET/SDH as per RFC2615, Cisco HDLC, Frame Relay, and User-Defined Header

PPP Complete LCP, IPCP, OSICP, and MPLSCP Negotiation

Scrambling 1+X43 payload scrambling

Traffic Types Full Multilayer (IP, TCP, UDP, IGMP, ICMP, RIP, DHCP) performance traffic generation at full wire-speed

Latency Measurements 20ns Resolution

Trigger Out 2 SMA connectors provide triggers

Maximum Packet Rate 29.22 million packets/sec @ 40 bytesSpecify Minimum (1 flag) Number of Flags Between Packets

Frame Length Fixed, Random (Specify Min./Max.)From 40 Bytes to 64KB

SONET Statistics Link State, Line Speed, Section LOS, Section LOF, SectionBIP (B1), Line AIS, Line RDI, Line REI (FEBE), Line BIP (B2),Path AIS, Path RDI, Path REI (FEBE), Path BIP (B3), Path LOP,Path Signal Label (C2), Input Signal Strength

Packet Statistics Frames Sent, Valid Frames Received, Bytes Sent, BytesReceived, FCS Errors, User-Defined Stat 1, User DefinedStat 2, Capture Trigger (UDS 3), Capture Filter (UDS 4),User-Defined Stats 5, User-Defined Stat 4

Error and Alarm Generation Insert single, continuous or user-defined rates for SectionLOF, B1, B2, B3, Line and Path AIS, REI (FEBE), and RDI.J0, J1 Trace Message Insertion/CaptureD1-D12 Data Communication Channel Insertion/Capture

APS Testing K1/K2 Bytes - set/read

Data Field Inc byte, inc word, dec byte, dec word, random, repeating,fixed, user configurable, load from file

Filters 2x 128-Bit User-Definable Pattern and Offset, Frame LengthRange, CRC Error

IP, UDP, TCP Hardware Checksum Generation



BERT Specifications

PRBS Patterns 2n-1, n={11,15,20,23,31}, PRBS can be Inverted. AllZeros, Alternating Ones/Zeros, User Defined

Alarms Link State, Line Speed, Section LOS, Section LOF, Line andPath AIS, RDI, Path PLM (C2), Path LOP

Counters and Rates Section BIP (B1), Line BIP (B2), Path BIP (B3), Line and PathREI (FEBE), Mismatched 1s, Mismatched 0s

Error and Alarm Generation Insert single, continuous or user-defined rates for bit errors,Section LOF, B1, B2, B3, Line and Path AIS, REI (FEBE),and RDI. J0, J1 Trace Message Insertion/Capture; D1-D12Data Communication Channel Insertion/Capture

Statistics Bits Sent/Received, Bit Errors Sent/Received, Pattern Lock Indicator, Block Error State, Elapsed Test Time, Input Signal Strength

G.826 Measurements Errored Seconds, Severely Errored Seconds, Error Free(Counts and Rates) Seconds, Available Seconds, Unavailable Seconds,

Errored Blocks, Background Block Errors, Bit Error Ratio,Errored Seconds Ratio, Severely Errored Seconds Ratio,Background Block Error Ratio, Counts of errored andunavailable seconds for every supported SONET alarmand error type

APS Testing K1/K2 Bytes – set/read; Service Disruption (min, max,last, cumulative) – millisecond granularity

Eye Pattern Generation The OC-192c BERT option offer a 311.04 MHz +/- 20-PPM clock output via a front panel SMA connector. Thisfacilitates generation of an eye pattern on an external oscilloscope. Clocking is via internal oscillator or throughclock recovery from the received signal




LM10GULF-P…………............. 1-Port 10 Gigabit Universal Base Load Module, 1310 nm,Singlemode, Full Features; PowerPC with 256MB. Configu-ration options (must select at least one) are 10GE LAN/WAN, OC-192c POS, and OC-192c BERT

LM10GUEF-P…………............. 1-Port 10 Gigabit Universal Base Load Module, 1550 nm,Singlemode, Full Features; PowerPC with 256MB.Configuration options (must select at least one) are 10GELAN/WAN, OC-192c POS, and OC-192c BERT

LM10GUPF-XFP....................... 1-port, 10 Gigabit Universal Base Load Module, XFP–plu-gable, Full Features; PowerPC with 256 MB. Configurationoptions (must select at least one) are 10 GbE LAN/WAN,OC-192c POS, and OC-192c BERT. (Does Not Include XFPTransceiver)

LM10GULF............................. 1-port, 10 Gigabit Universal Base Load Module, 1310 nm,single mode, Full Features; configuration options (mustselect at least one) are 10 GbE LAN/WAN, OC-192cPOS, and OC-192c BERT

LM10GUEF............................. 1-port, 10 Gigabit Universal Base Load Module, 1550 nm,single mode, Full Features; configuration options (mustselect at least one) are 10 GbE LAN/WAN, OC-192cPOS, and OC-192c BERT

OPT10GELWAN..................... 10GE LAN/WAN configuration option for Universal BaseLoad Module

OPTOC192POS..................... OC-192c POS configuration option for Universal Base Load Module

OPTOC192BERT..................... OC-192c BERT configuration option for Universal Base Load Module



10 Gigabit Ethernet LAN Load Module

Ixia’s family of 10 Gigabit Ethernet optical Load Modulesoffers the industry’s most comprehensive wire-speed trafficgeneration, capture, analysis, and routing protocol per-formance verification tools for IEEE 802.3ae compliant10GBASE-R (LAN) devices.

Ixia offers both the 10GBASE-R (LAN), as well as a UniversalLoad Module with configurations for combinations of OC-192cPacket Over SONET (POS) and OC-192c Bit Error Rate Testing(BERT). All Load Modules can be configured within a singlechassis, utilizing the same software.



Specifications

802.3ae PHY LAN

802.3ae PMD 10GBASE-SR 10GBASE-LR 10GBASE-ER

Optical Interface (nm) 850 nm 1310 nm 1550 nmMultimode Singlemode Singlemode

Optical Tx Power (dBm) -5 to -1 -6 to -1 -1 to 2

Optical Rx Sensitivity (dBm) -7 to -1 -11 to -1 -14 to -1

Connector Type Dual SC coupler

Number of Ports 1 per Load Module

Capture Buffer 32 MB per port, configurable trigger and filter conditions

Number of Streams 256 (Packet Streams) or 160 (Advanced Stream Scheduler)

Transmit Engine Built-in FPGA logic for wire-speed packet generation withtimestamps, sequence numbers, and packet group signatures

Receive Engine Built-in FPGA logic for wire-speed packet filtering, captur-ing, real-time latency for each packet group, data integrity,and sequence checking

Ethernet Statistics and Rates Link State, Line Speed, Frames Sent, Valid Frames Received,Counter Size: 64 bits Bytes Sent/Received, Fragments, Undersize, Oversize, CRC

Errors, Flow Control Frames, VLAN Tagged Frames, LineErrors, User-Defined Stat 1, User Defined Stat 2, CaptureTrigger (UDS 3), Capture filter (UDS 4), User-Defined Stat 5,User Defined Stat 6, 8 QoS Counters, ARP, and PingRequests and Replies

Filters 48-Bit Source/Destination Address, 2x 128-Bit User-Definable Pattern and Offset, Frame Length Range, CRCError, Data Integrity Error, Sequence Error

Latency Measurements 20 ns resolution

UDF (User Definable Fields) 4 UDFs with fixed, increment or decrement by user-definedstep, persistent, cascade, and random modes




Flexible Packet Generation Traffic is generated in real-time by intelligent logic imple-mented in FPGAs on each Ixia port. Data is generated on each port by defining up to 256 streams. Within eachstream, millions of packets can be configured with com-pletely customizable characteristics for every packet headerfield. Customizable payload contents can also be defined.



Packet StreamsThe packet streams transmit engine allows generation of upto 256 unique streams on each port. Multiple streams canbe defined in sequence containing multiple packets withcustom characteristics. After transmission of all packets inthe first stream, control is passed to the next defined streamin the sequence. After reaching the last stream in the sequence,transmission may either cease or control may be passed on to any other stream in the sequence. Therefore, multiplestreams are cycled through, representing different traffic profiles to simulate real world traffic.

Advanced Stream SchedulerUp to 160 unique streams can be interleaved per port,each having its own packet characteristics and rate. Forexample, presume that Port 1 is made up of three streams.If Stream 1 is defined with IP packets at 20% of line utilization, Stream 2 is defined with TCP packets at 50% of line utilization, and Stream 3 is defined with MPLS packets at 30% of line utilization, data on Port 1 will betransmitted at an aggregate utilization of 100% with interleaved IP, TCP, and MPLS packets.

Extensive Statistics • Real-time 64-Bit counts and frame rates• Spreadsheet format for convenient manipulation of

statistics counters• Eight Quality of Service counters (supporting 802.1p


a trigger condition



• Extended statistics for ARP, ICMP, BGP, OSPF, IS-IS, RSVP-TE, and LDP

• External file logging for statistics and alerts• Audible and visual alerts with user-definable thresholds• Link fault signaling

Data Capture Each port is equipped with 32 MB of capture memory,which can store tens of thousands of packets in real-time.The capture buffer can be configured to store packetsbased on user-defined trigger and filter conditions.Decodes for IPv4, IPv6, UDP, ARP, BGP-4, IS-IS, OSPF, TCP,DHCP, IPX, RIP, IGMP, CISCO ISL, VLAN, and MPLS areprovided.

Routing Protocols The 10 Gigabit Ethernet Optical Load Modules support all Ixia Protocol Emulation Suites, including routing (BGP-4,OSPF, IS-IS, and RIP) for IPv4 and IPv6 as well as MPLS sig-naling (RSVP-TE, LDP), L2/L3 VPNs, and multicast protocols(IGMP, MLD, and PIM-SM).

Data Integrity As packets traverse through routers and the IP header contents are changed, the CRC value is recalculated by the router. To validate router performance, the 10 GigabitEthernet Load Module data integrity function allows packetpayload contents to be verified with a unique CRC that is independent of the packet CRC. This ensures that the pay-load is not disturbed as the router changes header fields.

Tcl API Ixia’s 10 Gigabit Load Modules are supported by a full Tcl Application Programming Interface (API). This API allowsusers to develop custom scripts and integrate the modulesinto automated test environments.

Manufacturing Version Ixia offers a low cost version of the LAN Load Module for testing that does not require real-time latency and routing pro-tocol performance verification. Primary applications includehardware development and manufacturing environments.




LM10GE221M....................... 1-port, 10GBASE-SR (LAN-M), 850 nm, Multimode,Manufacturing version

LM10GE221F......................... 1-port, 10GBASE-SR (LAN), 850 nm, Multimode, Full features

LM10GE223M....................... 1-port, 10GBASE-LR (LAN-M), 1310 nm, Singlemode,Manufacturing version

LM10GE223F......................... 1-port, 10GBASE-LR (LAN), 1310 nm, Singlemode, Full features

LM10GE224M....................... 1-port, 10GBASE-ER (LAN-M), 1550 nm, Singlemode,Manufacturing version

LM10GE224F......................... 1-port, 10GBASE-ER (LAN), 1550 nm, Singlemode, Full features



10 Gigabit Ethernet XENPAK Load Module

Ixia’s 10 Gigabit Ethernet XENPAK Load Modules acceptXENPAK compliant front panel, hot-pluggable, transceivers.The Load Modules offer wire-speed traffic generation, capture, analysis, BERT, and routing protocol performanceverification tools for testing multiple interfaces within a single platform.

The 10 Gigabit Ethernet XENPAK Load Module implementsthe XENPAK Multi-Source Agreement (MSA) and supportsIEEE 802.3ae approved interfaces via an industry standardelectrical 70 pin connector. Ixia’s XENPAK test tools can be used to validate XENPAK transceivers and 10 GigabitEthernet optical switches and routers.



Specifications

PMDs Supports IEEE 802.3ae PMDs compliant to XENPAK MSA

XENPAK Connector Industry standard electrical 70 pin connector




In-line Network Monitoring Yes

Frame Length Fixed, Random (Specify Min./Max.), Increment from 24bytes to 64 K bytes in 1 byte increments


Receive Engine Built-in FPGA logic for wire-speed packet filtering, capturing,real-time latency for each packet group, data integrity, andsequence checking

Statistics and Rates Link State, Line Speed, Frames Sent, Valid Frames Received,Counter Size: 64-Bit Bytes Sent/Received, Fragments, Undersize, Oversize,

CRC Errors, Flow Control Frames, VLAN Tagged Frames,Line Errors, User-Defined Stat 1, User-Defined Stat 2,Capture Trigger (UDS 3), Capture filter (UDS 4), User-Defined Stat 5, User Defined Stat 6, 8 QoS Counters, ARP, and Ping Requests and Replies

UDF (User Definable Fields) 4 UDFs with fixed, increment or decrement by user-definedstep, cascade, persistent, and random modes

Data Field Inc byte, inc word, dec byte, dec word, random, repeat-ing, fixed, user configurable, load from file, CJPAT, andCRPAT patterns

Filters 48-Bit Source/Destination Address, 32-Bit Frame Type, 2x 128-Bit User-Definable Pattern and Offset, Frame Length Range, CRC Error, Data Integrity, Sequence Error

Error Generation CRC (Good/Bad/None), Undersize, Oversize



Statistics (BERT) Bits Sent/Received, Bit Errors Sent/Received, Pattern LockIndicator, Block Error State, Elapsed Test Time



Flexible Traffic Generation Traffic is generated in real-time by intelligent logic imple-mented in FPGAs on each Ixia port. Data is generated on each port by defining up to 256 streams. Within eachstream, millions of packets can be configured with com-pletely customizable characteristics for every packet headerfield. Customizable payload contents can also be defined.



Packet StreamsThe packet streams transmit engine allows generation of up to 256 unique streams on each port. Multiple streamscan be defined in sequence containing multiple packets with custom characteristics. After transmission of all packetsin the first stream, control is passed to the next definedstream in the sequence. After reaching the last stream in the sequence, transmission may either cease or control may be passed on to any other stream in the sequence.Therefore, multiple streams are cycled through, represen-ting different traffic profiles to simulate real world traffic.

Advanced Stream SchedulerUp to 160 unique streams can be interleaved per port,each having its own packet characteristics and rate. Forexample, presume that Port 1 is made up of three streams.If Stream 1 is defined with IP packets at 20% of line utilization, Stream 2 is defined with TCP packets at 50% of line utilization, and Stream 3 is defined with MPLS packets at 30% of line utilization, data on Port 1 will betransmitted at an aggregate utilization of 100% with interleaved IP, TCP, and MPLS packets.

Data Capture Each port is equipped a 32 MB capture buffer, which canstore tens of thousands of packets in real-time. A comprehen-sive set of user-defined triggers and filters is available based onsource and/or destination MAC and/or IP addresses, datapattern, and error conditions. The user can configure theport for continuous or trigger capture and specify packets tobe captured before and after the trigger conditions.



Decodes for IPv4, IPv6, UDP, ARP, BGP-4, IS-IS, OSPF, TCP,DHCP, IPX, RIP, IGMP, CISCO ISL, VLAN, and MPLS areprovided.

Extensive Statistics • Real-time 64-Bit counts and frame rates• Spread sheet format for convenient manipulation of

statistics counters• Eight Quality of Service counters (supporting 802.1p, and

IPv4 TOS measurements)• Up to four user-defined statistics are available that use

a trigger condition• Extended statistics for ARP, ICMP, BGP, OSPF, IS-IS, RSVP-TE,

and LDP• External file logging for statistics and alerts• Audible and visual alerts with user-definable thresholds• Count and rate of a variety of BER statistics

Routing Protocols The Load Modules support all Ixia Protocol EmulationSuites, including routing (BGP-4, OSPF, IS-IS, and RIP) forIPv4 and IPv6 as well as MPLS signaling (RSVP-TE, LDP),L2/L3 VPNs, and multicast protocols (IGMP, MLD, and PIM-SM).

In-Line Network Monitoring The 10 Gigabit Ethernet XENPAK Load Module can be configured to be used in-line with the network and can passively monitor at full wire-speed. This is a very useful feature for network troubleshooting and elminates the need for optical splitters.

Layer 1 BERT The 10 Gigabit Ethernet XENPAK Load Module supports BitError Rate Testing (BERT), providing industry standard PRBSpatterns, counts, and rates enabling testing of the 802.3aeXAUI physical layer. It is configurable for concatenatedBERT for single pattern and statistics over all four channels,or channelized for independent pattern and statistics oneach of the four channels.

MDIO A Management Data Input/Output (MDIO) interface is pro-vided to the user directly through the industry standard 70pin XENPAK connector. The Ixia Load Module acts as theStation Management entity (STA), and can control one ormore MDIO Manageable Devices (MMD) within a XENPAKtransceiver. Multiple MMDs can be attached to the inter-face. The user can set and read the MDIO control/statusregisters inside a MMD via a Graphical User Interface.



Tcl API Ixia’s 10 Gigabit Load Modules are supported by a full TclApplication Programming Interface (API). This API allowsusers to develop custom scripts and integrate the modulesinto automated test environments.

Manufacturing Version Ixia offers a low cost version of the XENPAK Load Module fortesting that does not require real-time latency and routing pro-tocol performance verification. Primary applications includehardware development and manufacturing environments.


LM10GE700F1.......................1-port, XENPAK, Full features (Does not include transpon-der)

LM10GE700M1......................1-port, XENPAK, Manufacturing Version (Does not includetransponder)

LM10GE700F1B.....................1-Port Multilayer 10 Gigabit XENPAK Ethernet/BERT LoadModule, Full features (Does not include XENPAK transponder)

LM10GE700M1B....................1-Port Multilayer 10 Gigabit XENPAK BERT Load Module, Manufacturing Version (Does not include XENPAK transponder)

LM10GE700M2B....................1-Port Multilayer 10 Gigabit XENPAK Ethernet/BERT LoadModule, Manufacturing Version (Does not include XENPAKtransponder)

LM10GE700F1-P………...........1-Port Multilayer 10 Gigabit Ethernet Load Module,PowerPC with 256MB, Full Features. Supports Routing andLinux-based Applications. (Does not include transceiver)



10 Gigabit Ethernet XAUILoad Module

Ixia’s 10 Gigabit Ethernet XAUI Load Modules offer IEEE802.3ae compliant wire-speed traffic generation, capture,and analysis for testing Quad SerDes, XENPAK, and otherdevices with a XAUI interface.

The 10 Gigabit Ethernet XAUI Load Modules are also configurable for Bit Error Rate Testing (BERT), concatenatedfor single pattern and statistics over all four channels, orchannelized for independent pattern and statistics on each of the four channels. Industry standard PRBS patterns, counts,and rates enable testing of 802.3ae XAUI physical layer.



Specifications

XAUI Tx/Rx Connector Type Single Fujitsu 8-pair MicroGiga (FCN-268D008-G/1D or /2D)

Clock In/Out 2 SMA connectors with clock frequency requirements of Connector Type 156.25 MHz ± 100 ppm

MDIO Connector Type 15-pin female D-sub


Transmit Modes Configurable for Ethernet only, BERT only, or Ethernet andBERT modes

BERT Modes Concatenated for single BER pattern and statistics over all 4channels or channelized for independent BER pattern andstatistics on each of the 4 channels





Receive Engine Built-in FPGA logic for wire-speed packet filtering, capturing,real-time latency for each packet group, data integrity, and sequence checking

BER Measurements (BERT) Errored Seconds, Severely Errored Seconds, Error FreeCounts and Rates Seconds, Available Seconds, Unavailable Seconds, Errored

Blocks, Background Block Errors, Bit Error Ratio, ErroredSeconds Ratio, Severely Errored Seconds Ratio andBackground Block Error Ratio

Statistics (BERT) Bits Sent/Received, Bit Errors Sent/Received, Pattern LockIndicator, Block Error State, Elapsed Test Time

Counters and Rates (BERT) Mismatched 1s, Mismatched 0s

PRBS Patterns (BERT) 2n-1, n={7,9,11,15,20,23,31}, All Zeros, AlternatingOnes/Zeros, low freq, mixed freq, continuous random, con-tinuous jitter. PRBS can be Inverted as well as User-Defined

Filters 48-Bit Source/Destination Address, 32-Bit Frame Type, 2x128-Bit User-Definable Pattern and Offset, Frame LengthRange, CRC Error, Data Integrity Error, Sequence Error

continued next page



Ethernet Error Generation CRC (Good/Bad/None), Undersize, Oversize. 4 UDFs UDF (User Definable Fields) with fixed, increment or decrement by user-defined step,

persistent, cascade, and random modes

Data Field Inc byte, inc word, dec byte, dec word, random, repeating, fixed, user configurable, load from file, CJPAT and CRPAT patterns

Bit Error Generation (BERT) Insert single, continuous or user-defined rates for bit errors


Flexible Packet Generation Traffic is generated in real-time by intelligent logic imple-mented in FPGAs on each Ixia port. Data is generated on each port by defining up to 256 streams. Within eachstream, millions of packets can be configured with completelycustomizable characteristics for every packet header field.Customizable payload contents can also be defined.

Real-Time Latency Packets representing different types of traffic profiles can be associated with Packet Group Identifiers (PGIDs). Thereceiving port measures the minimum, maximum, and aver-age latency in real-time for each packet belonging to different groups.


Packet StreamsThe packet streams transmit engine allows generation of up to 256 unique streams on each port. Multiple streamscan be defined in sequence containing multiple packets with custom characteristics. After transmission of all packetsin the first stream, control is passed to the next definedstream in the sequence. After reaching the last stream in the sequence, transmission may either cease or control may be passed on to any other stream in the sequence.Therefore, multiple streams are cycled through, representingdifferent traffic profiles to simulate real world traffic.

Advanced Stream SchedulerUp to 160 unique streams can be interleaved per port, each having its own packet characteristics and rate. Forexample, presume that Port 1 is made up of three streams.If Stream 1 is defined with IP packets at 20% of line utiliza-tion, Stream 2 is defined with TCP packets at 50% of lineutilization, and Stream 3 is defined with MPLS packets at



30% of line utilization, data on Port 1 will be transmitted at an aggregate utilization of 100% with interleaved IP, TCP, and MPLS packets.

Extensive Statistics • Real-time 64-Bit counts and frame rates• Spread sheet format for convenient manipulation of statistics

counters• Eight Quality of Service counters (supporting 802.1p,

and IPv4 TOS measurements)• Up to six user-defined statistics are available that use

a trigger condition• External file logging for statistics and alerts• Audible and visual alerts with user-definable thresholds• Count and rate of a variety of BER statistics• Link fault signaling

Data Capture Each port is equipped a 32 MB capture buffer, which canstore tens of thousands of packets in real-time. A comprehen-sive set of user-defined triggers and filters is available basedon source and/or destination MAC and/or IP addresses,data pattern, and error conditions. The user can configure theport for continuous or trigger capture and specify packets tobe captured before and after the trigger conditions. Decodesfor IPv4, IPv6, UDP, ARP, BGP-4, IS-IS, OSPF, TCP, DHCP, IPX,RIP, IGMP, CISCO ISL, VLAN, and MPLS are provided.

Tcl API Ixia’s 10 Gigabit Load Modules are supported by a full Tcl Application Programming Interface (API). This API allowsusers to develop custom scripts and integrate the modulesinto automated test environments.

Interface Connectors XAUI Transmit and ReceiveEight XAUI lanes, four transmit and four receive, are provid-ed via a single Fujitsu 8-pair MicroGiga connector. In addition, Ixia supplies a single cross-pinned flexible cableassembly, which allows a straight connection between theMicroGiga connector on the Ixia Load Module and the DUT.

MDIO A Management Data Input/Output (MDIO) interface is pro-vided to the user via a 15-pin female D-sub connector. The10 Gigabit Ethernet XAUI Load Module acts as the StationManagement entity (STA), and can control one, or moreMDIO Manageable Devices (MMD) in the users‘ system.Multiple MMDs can be attached to the interface. The user



can set/read the MDIO control/status registers inside a MMD via a Graphical User Interface. The MDIO/MDCinterface has a clock line (MDC) and bi-directional data line (MDIO) as defined in IEEE 802.3ae.

Clock In/Out Two coaxial connectors provide clock input and clock outputto allow the user to phase lock the XAUI interface with theDUT. The frequency requirements of the clock are 156.25MHz ± 100ppm.

XAUI SMA Adapter Ixia offers a separate box, which connects directly to thecross-pinned cable assembly and separates each XAUI laneinto differential pairs via coaxial connectors. This allows for direct connection to the DUT using 16 coaxial cables.


LM10GE500F1...................... XAUI Ethernet Load Module, Cable Assembly, FujitsuMicroGiga Connector

LM10GE500M1B................... XAUI BERT Load Module, Cable Assembly, FujitsuMicroGiga Connector

LM10GE500F1B.................... XAUI Ethernet and BERT Load Module, Cable Assembly,Fujitsu MicroGiga Connector

BOB10GE500....................... XAUI SMA Adapter

CAB10GE500S2....................XAUI Cable, 40 inch, Standard Pinout

LPG10GE500........................ XAUI Front Panel Loopback Connector



10 Gigabit Ethernet Multi-MSA Load Module

Ixia’s 10 Gigabit Ethernet Multi-MSA Load Modules accepthot-pluggable transceiver types based on the following 10GMSAs (Multi-Source Agreements): XENPAK, X2, XPAK, andXFP. The Load Modules offer wire-speed traffic generation,capture, analysis, routing protocol performance verification,and Bit Error Rate Test (BERT) tools for testing multiple inter-faces within a single platform.

Ixia’s 10G Multi-MSA test tools can be used to validateXENPAK, X2, XPAK, and XFP transceivers and 10 GigabitEthernet optical switches and routers.



Specifications

PMDs Supports transceivers compliant to the XENPAK, X2, XPAK,XFP MSAs. Also supports a XAUI interface




In-Line Network Monitoring Yes



Receive Engine Built-in FPGA logic for wire-speed packet filtering, capturing,real-time latency for each packet group, data integrity, and sequence checking

Statistics and Rates Link State, Line Speed, Frames Sent, Valid Frames Received,Counter Size: 64-Bits Bytes Sent/Received, Fragments, Undersize, Oversize,

CRC Errors, Flow Control Frames, VLAN Tagged Frames,Line Errors, User-Defined Stat 1, User-Defined Stat 2,Capture Trigger (UDS 3), Capture filter (UDS 4), User-Defined Stat 5, User-Defined Stat 6, 8 QoS Counters, ARP, and Ping Requests and Replies

UDF (User Definable Fields) 4 UDFs with fixed, increment or decrement by user-definedstep, persistent, cascade, and random modes

Filters 48-Bit Source/Destination Address, 32-Bit Frame Type, 2x 128-Bit User-Definable Pattern and Offset, Frame LengthRange, CRC Error, Data Integrity Error, Sequence Error

Data Field Inc byte, inc word, dec byte, dec word, random, repeating, fixed, user configurable, load from file, CJPAT and CRPAT patterns







Flexible Packet Generation Traffic is generated in real-time by intelligent logic imple-mented in FPGAs on each Ixia port. Data is generated on each port by defining up to 256 streams. Within eachstream, millions of packets can be configured with com-pletely customizable characteristics for every packet headerfield. Customizable payload contents can also be defined.



Packet StreamsThe packet streams transmit engine allows generation of up to 256 unique streams on each port. Multiple streamscan be defined in sequence containing multiple packets with custom characteristics. After transmission of all packetsin the first stream, control is passed to the next definedstream in the sequence. After reaching the last stream in the sequence, transmission may either cease or control may be passed on to any other stream in the sequence.Therefore, multiple streams are cycled through, representingdifferent traffic profiles to simulate real world traffic.

Advanced Stream SchedulerUp to 160 unique streams can be interleaved per port, each having its own packet characteristics and rate. Forexample, presume that Port 1 is made up of three streams.If Stream 1 is defined with IP packets at 20% of line utiliza-tion, Stream 2 is defined with TCP packets at 50% of lineutilization, and Stream 3 is defined with MPLS packets at30% of line utilization, data on Port 1 will be transmitted at an aggregate utilization of 100% with interleaved IP, TCP, and MPLS packets.

Extensive Statistics • Real-time 64-Bit counts and frame rates• Spread sheet format for convenient manipulation of




RSVP-TE, and LDP



• External file logging for statistics and alerts• Audible and visual alerts with user-definable thresholds• Link fault signaling

Data Capture Each port is equipped a 32 MB capture buffer, which canstore tens of thousands of packets in real-time. A comprehen-sive set of user-defined triggers and filters is available basedon source and/or destination MAC and/or IP addresses,data pattern, and error conditions. The user can configure theport for continuous or trigger capture and specify packets tobe captured before and after the trigger conditions. Decodesfor IPv4, IPv6, UDP, ARP, BGP-4, IS-IS, OSPF, TCP, DHCP, IPX,RIP, IGMP, CISCO ISL, VLAN, and MPLS are provided.

Routing Protocols The Load Modules support all Ixia Protocol Emulation Suites,including routing (BGP-4, OSPF, IS-IS, and RIP) for IPv4 andIPv6 as well as MPLS signaling (RSVP-TE, LDP), L2/L3 VPNs,and multicast protocols (IGMP, MLD, and PIM-SM).

Data Integrity As packets traverse through routers and the IP header contents are changed, the CRC value is recalculated by the router. To validate router performance, the 10 GigabitEthernet data integrity function allows packet payload contents to be verified with a unique CRC that is independ-ent of the packet CRC. This ensures that the payload is not disturbed as the router changes header fields.

Tcl API Ixia’s 10 Gigabit Load Modules are supported by a full TclApplication Programming Interface (API). This API allowsusers to develop custom scripts and integrate the modulesinto automated test environments.

In-Line Network Monitoring The 10 Gigabit Ethernet Multi-MSA Load Module can beconfigured to be used in-line with the network and can passively monitor at full wire speed. This is a very useful feature for network troubleshooting and elminiates the need for optical splitters.



MDIO A Management Data Input/Output (MDIO) interface is pro-vided to the user directly through the industry standard 70pin XENPAK connector. The Ixia Load Module acts as theStation Management entity (STA), and can control one ormore MDIO Manageable Devices (MMD) within a XENPAKtransceiver. Multiple MMDs can be attached to the inter-face. The user can set and read the MDIO control/statusregisters inside a MMD via a Graphical User Interface.

Manufacturing Version Ixia offers a low cost version of the Multi-MSA Load Modulefor testing that does not require real-time latency and routingprotocol performance verification. Primary applicationsinclude hardware development and manufacturing environ-ments.


LM10GE700P3F1...................1-Port Multilayer 10 Gigabit Multi-MSA Ethernet LoadModule – occupies 3 slots, Full Features. XENPAK-Ready.(Does not include transceiver)

LM10GE700P3M1................. 1-Port Multilayer 10 Gigabit Multi-MSA Ethernet LoadModule – occupies 3 slots, Manufacturing Version. XENPAK-Ready. (Does not include transceiver)

LM10GE700P3F1B.................1-Port Multilayer 10 Gigabit Ethernet/BERT Multi-MSA LoadModule – occupies 3 slots, Full Features. XENPAK-Ready.(Does not include transceiver)

LM10GE700P3M1B............... 1-Port Multilayer 10 Gigabit BERT Multi-MSA Load Module-occupies 3 slots, XENPAK-Ready. (Does not include transceiver)

LM10GE700P3M2B............... 1-Port Multilayer 10 Gigabit Ethernet/BERT Multi-MSA LoadModule – occupies 3 slots, Manufacturing Version. XENPAK-Ready. (Does not include transceiver)



Application Load Module

Ixia's Application Load Module (ALM) is an ultra-high densitycomputing platform for running network test applications.Optimized for stateful, Layer 4-7 transactions, the ApplicationLoad Module enables high performance and high capacityverification of networks, intelligent network devices and systems.

The ALM provides 8 RISC processors in an incredibly denseform factor. Up to 16 modules, (128 processors) are sup-ported in a single Ixia chassis. Each processor operatesindependently with its own operating system, memory, andnetwork interface. This dedicated architecture providesunprecedented density, performance and flexibility for test-ing networks, Web sites, VPNs, and other content awaredevices via Ixia’s Routing Emulation Software and RealWorld Traffic Suite of applications. An ALM-based systemprovides significant advantages compared with standaloneworkstations for network and application testing.



Specifications

Number of Port/Processors 8 per Load Moduleper Load Module

Processor/Memory 1856 MIPS PowerPC/512MB (per port)

Operating System Linux kernel version 2.4.21 or greater

Network Interfaces 8 x 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet, auto-negotiating

Network Connector Type RJ45

Network Cabling Category 5 UTP

Application Support • IxExplorer: Port configuration and statistics• IxChariot: Enterprise application emulation• WebLOAD: Web site integrity and performance• IxWeb: Layer 4 through 7 performance verification • IxVPN: VPN scalability and performance• Routing Emulation Software; Support for BGP-4, OSPF,

MPLS (RSVP-TE, LDP), IS-IS, L2/L3 VPNs, RIPng, IS-ISv6, BGP+, IGMP, and MLD on local port processor

• Tcl API: Custom user script development for Layer 4-7 testing

• Linux Software Development Kit (SDK): Custom user application development

Statistics and Rates Link State, Line Speed, Duplex Mode, Frames Sent, Valid Counter Size: 64 bits Frames Received, Bytes Sent/Received, Fragments,

Undersize, Oversize, CRC Errors, VLAN Tagged Frames,Flow Control Frames, Dribble Errors, Collisions, LateCollisions, Excessive Collision Frames, Oversize and CRCErrors, ARP and PING requests and replies, Port CPUBytes/Frames Received, Dropped by Filter Bytes/Frames,Port CPU Bytes/Frames Dropped

VLAN Statistics and generation of 802.1Q/p VLAN frames

Optimized Testing The Application Load Module is designed to deliver highperformance testing at Layers 4-7. Each high speed RISCprocessor runs Linux as its own independent system and supports 512 MB RAM. Each processor is supported by itsown 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet interface, producing a dedicated architecture for generating high throughput and high transaction application load on the network,device, or system being tested.



Application Testing The ALM architecture provides an optimized platform forgenerating high rate application transactions, large ses-sion/tunnel capacities, and high network throughput load.The module is ideal for running the Real World Traffic™

application suite, Ixia’s line of Layer 4-7 applications fortesting devices and networks. Application support includesIxia’s IxWeb, IxChariot™, IxVPN, and WebLOAD.

IxWeb is an application used for high capacity HTTP, SSL,FTP and SMTP performance testing. IxChariot™ providesapplication traffic simulation and can measure and predictend-to-end performance. IxVPN is an application that pro-vides a solution for validating and measuring the scalabilityand performance of IPSec devices and networks. WebLOADis an application geared for Web site stress testing.

Ultra-High Density With 8 processors per single slot module, the ALM providesComputing Power incredible computing density. Up to 128 processors are

supported in a single 9U high IXIA 1600T chassis. Up to256 Ixia chassis can be daisy-chained together to provideunprecedented scalability. Each processor runs independent-ly, allowing a mixture of applications to be hosted, or a single application from a networked console can control all the processors at once. Multiple users can control sepa-rate processors concurrently, allowing hardware resources to be shared.

Custom Application Ixia provides a Software Development Kit (SDK) enablingDevelopment existing Linux applications to be compiled and run on ALM

ports. Additionally, users can develop custom applicationswhich can be integrated into the Ixia test environment.

Superior Alternative to For large scale application testing, the ALM provides “Wall-of-PCs” a number of benefits compared to dedicated workstations.

Cost, power, space, and management requirements are significantly reduced through Ixia’s integrated design. Thelocal Ixia chassis, a Pentium-based computer platform,downloads the applications to the local Linux processors,eliminating the need for local hard drives per processor.Support for NFS enables remote file storage. In addition,each processor supports thousands of MAC addresses pernetwork port for scalable network testing, a feature notavailable on individual workstations.



Extensive Statistics Each processor/port supports a full set of transmit andreceive network statistics:

• Real-Time 64-Bit counts and frame rates• Spread sheet format for convenient manipulation of

statistics counters• External file logging for statistics and alerts• Audible and visual alerts with user-definable thresholds


ALM1000T8-C....................... Eight processor Application Load Module with10/100/1000 Mbps Copper Ethernet interface per port, 512MB RAM, Linux OS; supports IxChariot and WebLOAD only

ALM1000T8.......................... Eight processor Application Load Module with10/100/1000 Mbps Copper Ethernet interface per port,512 MB RAM, Linux OS; supports Real World Traffic™

Suite and Routing Emulation Software



TXS 10/100 Mbps & Gigabit Ethernet Load Modules

Ixia‘s TXS family of Ethernet Load Modules is the first to offerwire-speed Layer 2-3 traffic generation and analysis withhigh-performance, scalable routing protocol emulation, andtrue Layer 4 through Layer 7 session emulation. The TXSfamily offers the highest port density solution for auto-nego-tiable 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet over Copper wires, as well as Gigabit Ethernet over Fiber – providing up to240 Gigabit Ethernet test ports on a single chassis.

Every port on a TXS Load Module contains a powerful RISCprocessor running the Linux operating system and a fullTCP/IP stack. This architecture gives unprecedented perform-ance and flexibility when testing Web switches, routers,Web servers, secure gateways, firewalls, and other content-aware devices that require upper layer protocol emulationrunning simultaneously with wire-speed packet generation.



Specifications

Load Module LM100TXS8 LM1000TXS4 LM1000SFPS4 OLM1000STXS24LM100TX8 LM1000TXS4-256 LM1000TXS4-256 OLM1000STX24

LM1000TX4 LM1000SFP4

Connector Type RJ45 RJ45 SFP RJ45 or SFP

Number of Ports 8 4 4 24

Signal Rate 10/100 Mbps 10/100/1000 Mbps 1000 Mbps 10/100/1000 Mbps

Capture Buffer (per port) 6 MB 8 MB


Transmit Engine Built-in FPGA logic for wire-speed packet generation withtimestamps, sequence numbers, data integrity signature, and packet group signatures

Receive Engine Built-in FPGA logic for wire-speed packet filtering, capturing,real-time latency for each packet group, data integrity, andsequence checking

User Defined Field Features Fixed, increment or decrement by user-defined step, valuelists, range lists, cascade, random

Filters 48-Bit source/destination address, 2x 128-Bit user-definablepattern and offset, frame length range, CRC error, dataintegrity error, sequence checking error (small, big, reverse)

Data Field (per stream) Fixed, increment (Byte/Word), decrement (Byte/Word), random, repeating, user-specified up to 13K bytes

Statistics and Rates: Link State, Line Speed, Frames Sent, Valid Frames Received,Counter Size: 64-Bits Bytes Sent/Received, Fragments, Undersize, Oversize, CRC

Errors, VLAN Tagged Frames, User-Defined Stat 1, User-Defined Stat 2, Capture Trigger (UDS 3), Capture filter (UDS 4), User-Defined Stat 5, User-Defined Stat 6, 8 QoScounters, Data Integrity Frames, Data Integrity Errors,Sequence Checking Frames, Sequence Checking Errors, ARP, and Ping requests and replies




Frame Length Controls Fixed, random, or increment by user-defined step, random,weighted random

continued next page



Applications • IxExplorer: Layer 2-3 wire-speed traffic generation and analysis

• Routing emulation includes routing (BGP-4, OSPF, IS-IS, and RIP) for IPv4 and IPv6, MPLS signaling (RSVP-TE, LDP), L2/L3 VPNs, and multicast protocols (IGMP, MLD, and PIM-SM) on port processor

• IxScriptMate: Tcl scripts for automated Layer 2-4 testing• IxWeb, WebLOAD, IxChariot™: Layer 4 through 7

performance verification• IxAccess: High-Performance PPPoX Emulation Software• IxVPN: Performance verification of IPSec devices

and networks • Tcl API: Custom user script development for

Layer 2-7 testing• Linux Software Development Kit (SDK): Custom user

application development. Full TCP/IP connectivity through management interface (Telnet, FTP, etc.)

Flexible Packet Generation Traffic is generated in real-time by intelligent logic imple-mented in FPGAs on each Ixia port. Data is generated on each port by defining up to 256 streams. Within eachstream, millions of packets can be configured with com-pletely customizable characteristics for every packet headerfield. Customizable payload contents can also be defined.Frame size can be fixed, vary according to a pattern, or be randomly assigned across a weighted range.

Real-Time Latency Packets representing different traffic profiles can be associat-ed with Packet Group Identifiers (PGIDs). The receiving portmeasures the minimum, maximum, and average latency inreal-time for each packet belonging to different groups.Measurable latencies include Instantaneous Latency, whereeach packet is associated with one group ID only, LatencyBins, where PGIDs can be associated with a latency range,and Latency Over Time, where multiple PGIDs can beplaced in “Time Buckets” with fixed durations.


Packet StreamsThe packet streams transmit engine allows generation of up to 256 unique streams on each port. Multiple streamscan be defined in sequence containing multiple packets with custom characteristics. After transmission of all packetsin the first stream, control is passed to the next definedstream in the sequence. After reaching the last stream in thesequence, transmission may either cease or control may bepassed on to any other stream in the sequence. Therefore,multiple streams are cycled through, representing differenttraffic profiles to simulate real world traffic.



Advanced Stream SchedulerUp to 128 unique streams can be interleaved per port, eachhaving its own packet characteristics and rate. For example,presume that Port 1 is made up of three streams. If Stream 1is defined with IP packets at 20% of line utilization, Stream 2is defined with TCP packets at 50% of line utilization, andStream 3 is defined with MPLS packets at 30% of line utiliza-tion, data on Port 1 will be transmitted at an aggregate uti-lization of 100% with interleaved IP, TCP, and MPLS packets.

Extensive Statistics • Real-Time 64-Bit counts and frame rates• Spread sheet format for convenient manipulation of


and IPv4 TOS measurements)• Up to six user-defined statistics are available that use


RSVP-TE, and LDP• External file logging for statistics and alerts• Audible and visual alerts with user-definable thresholds

Data Capture Each 10/100 Mbps port is equipped with 6 MB of capturememory while the 10/100/1000 Mbps Copper and GigabitFiber ports are equipped with 8 MB of capture memory,both of which can store tens of thousands of packets in real-time. The capture buffer can be configured to storepackets based on user-defined trigger and filter conditions.Decodes for IPv4, IPv6, UDP, ARP, BGP-4, IS-IS, OSPF, TCP, DHCP, IPX, RIP, IGMP, CISCO ISL, VLAN, and MPLS are provided.

Routing Protocols The Load Modules support all Ixia protocol emulation suites,including routing (BGP-4, OSPF, IS-IS, and RIP) for IPv4 andIPv6 as well as MPLS signaling (RSVP-TE, LDP), L2/L3 VPNs,and multicast protocols (IGMP, MLD, and PIM-SM).

Data Integrity As packets traverse through routers and the IP header contents are changed, the CRC value is recalculated by the router. To validate router performance, the 10 GigabitEthernet data integrity function allows packet payload contents to be verified with a unique CRC that is independ-ent of the packet CRC. This ensures that the payload is not disturbed as the router changes header fields.

Sequence Checking Sequence numbers can be inserted at a user-defined offsetin the payload of each transmitted packet. Upon receipt of the packets through the Device Under Test (DUT), out-of-sequence errors are reported in real-time at wire-speedrates. The user can define a sequence error threshold to distinguish between small versus big errors, and the receiv-ing port can measure the amount of small, big, reversed,and total errors.



Custom Application An Ixia provided Software Development Kit (SDK) allows Development existing Linux applications to be compiled and run on TXS

ports. Additionally, users can develop their own custom appli-cations and integrate them into the Ixia test environment.


LM1000STXS4…………...........4-Port Dual-PHY (RJ45 and SFP) 10/100/1000 Ethernet LoadModule (does not include SFP transceivers); Full features –Supports routing protocols, Linux SDK, and L4-L7 Applications

LM1000STX4………….............4-Port Dual-PHY (RJ45 and SFP) 10/100/1000 Ethernet LoadModule (does not include SFP transceivers); Reduced features. Nosupport for routing protocols, Linux SDK, and L4-L7 Applications

LM100TXS8...........................8-ports, 10/100 Mbps Ethernet, Copper, CPU per port

LM100TX8……...................... 8-Port 10/100Mbps Ethernet Load Module; reduced features. Nosupport for routing protocols, Linux SDK, and L4-L7 Applications

LM1000TXS4.........................4-ports, 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet, Copper, CPU per port

LM1000TX4…….................... 4-Port Gigabit Ethernet 10/100/1000 Base-T Auto NegotiationEthernet Copper Load Module; reduced features. No support for routing protocols, Linux SDK, and L4-L7 Applications

LM1000TXS4-256……………..4-Port Ethernet 10/100/1000 Base-T Auto-NegotiationEthernet Copper Load Module with Full Feature support.Installed with 256MB of processor memory

LM1000SFPS4....................... 4-ports, Gigabit Ethernet, Fiber, CPU per port, does notinclude SFP transceivers

LM1000SFP4……….……........4-Port Gigabit Ethernet Fiber Load Module (Does not includeSFP transceiver); reduced features - no support for routingprotocols, Linux SDK, and L4-L7 Applications

LM1000SFPS4-256……….......4-Port Gigabit Ethernet Fiber Load Module (Does not includeSFP transceiver) with Full feature set support. Installed with256MB of processor memory.

OLM1000STXS24.................. 24-ports, 10/100/1000 Ethernet, Dual PHY (Copper/Fiber), CPU per port (for Optixia chassis), does not includeSFP transceivers

OLM1000STX24…………........24-Port Dual-PHY (RJ45 and SFP) 10/100/1000 EthernetLoad Module for Optixia (does not include SFP trans-ceivers); Reduced features – No support for routing proto-cols, Linux SDK, and L4-L7 Applications



OC-3c/OC-12c Packet OverSONET/SDH Load Module

Ixia’s OC-3c/OC-12c Load Modules are a comprehensive tool for testing network elements with Packet Over SONET/SDH interfaces operating at the STS-3c/STM-1 and STS-12c/STM-4 levels. The Load Module offers full wire-speedpacket generation and can be optionally configured to support ATM; this mode of operation is covered in theAsynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Load Module data sheet.

The Ixia OC-3c/OC-12c Load Module supports multiple physical interfaces via modular PHYs, multiple signal rates,and multiple technologies (ATM and POS), providing a very high level of flexibility in a single module. With a RISC CPU per port running Linux, the module provides a powerful platform for running test applications, includingIxChariot and Ixia’s Routing Protocol Emulation Suites.



Specifications

Connector Type Dual SC with 1310 nm multi-mode optics or Dual LC using SFP transceiver with 1310 nm multi-mode or single-mode optics

Ports Per Load Module 2 ports per module, each may be populated with differentphysical interface options

Processor/Memory 1392 MIPS PowerPC/256 Mbytes(per port)

Layer 2 Encapsulation Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) over SONET/SDH as per RFC2615, Cisco HDLC, Frame Relay, Cisco Frame Relay, andUser-Defined Header



Number of Streams 256 (Packet Stream) or 160 (Advanced Stream Scheduler)

Transmit Engine Built-in FPGA logic for wire-speed packet generation withtimestamps, sequence numbers and packet group signa-tures. Five User-Defined Fields (UDFs)

Receive Engine Built-in FPGA logic for wire-speed packet filtering, capturing, real-time latency for each packet group, data integrity, and sequence checking

Capture Buffer (per port) 8 Mbytes

Traffic Types Full Multilayer (IP, TCP, UDP, IGMP, ICMP, RIP, DHCP) per-formance traffic generation at full wire-speed

SONET Statistics Link State, Line Speed, Section LOS, Section LOF, SectionBIP (B1), Line AIS, Line RDI, Line REI (FEBE), Line BIP (B2),Path AIS, Path RDI, Path REI (FEBE), Path BIP (B3), Path LOP,Path PLM (C2), Loss of Cell Delineation (LOC)

TCP/IP Statistics IP Packets Received, IP Checksum Errors, UDP PacketsReceived, UDP Checksum Errors, TCP Packets Received, TCP Checksum Errors



Flexible Traffic Generation Traffic is generated in real-time by intelligent logic implement-ed in FPGAs on each Ixia port, and frame parameters areuser configurable:

• IP header contents, including incrementing, decrementing, or random IP addresses; IP checksums are generated on the fly in hardware

• Fixed and algorithmic data patterns • Five 32-Bit, programmable data generators can be inserted

anywhere in the frame• Correct and erroneous IP checksums • Bad CRC and no CRC error frame generation

Real-Time Latency Packets representing different types of traffic profiles can be associated with Packet Group Identifiers (PGIDs). Thereceiving port measures the minimum, maximum, and aver-age latency in real-time for each packet belonging to different groups. Measurable latencies include InstantaneousLatency, where each packet is associated with one group ID only, and Latency Over Time where multiple PGIDs canbe placed in “time buckets” with fixed durations. 64K PGIDs are available per port.


Packet StreamsThe packet streams transmit engine can generate multiplestreams in sequence, each containing multiple packets withcustom characteristics. After all packets in the first streamare transmitted, control is passed to the next defined streamin the sequence. After the last stream in the sequence isreached, transmission may either cease or control may bepassed on to any other stream in the sequence. Therefore,multiple streams are cycled through representing differenttraffic profiles to simulate real world traffic.

Advanced Stream SchedulerThe advanced stream scheduler transmit engine can simulta-neously transmit multiple streams at an aggregate rate. Theadvanced stream scheduler programs the streams to trans-mit packets in such a manner that satisfies the aggregaterate by scheduling a set of packets to be transmitted fromeach stream, thus creating a transmission pattern with amixture of packets with variable rates.



Extensive Statistics Each port accumulates statistics in real-time, including thecount and rate of frames and bytes sent and received, aswell as the number and rate of IP and UDP statistics and a variety of SONET/SDH statistics. Eight Quality of Servicecounters are available that enable IP TOS measurements.The user can also define two custom statistics dependentupon source and destination IP addresses, data pattern contents, or error conditions.

Data Capture Each port has a 8 Mbyte circular capture buffer. A compre-hensive set of triggers and filters is available based onsource and/or destination addresses, data pattern, anderror conditions. Decodes are available for ICMP, IGMP, IP, TCP, UDP, DHCP, MPLS, OSPF, RIP, ARP, and IPX.



LM622MR..............................2-Port ATM/Packet Over SONET Load Module. Supports622, 155, 45 and 34 Mbps data rates. Configurationoptions: 1) Requires purchase of 2 PHY modules; 2)Requires purchase of 1 operational option – OPTATMMRand/or OPTPOSMR

OPTATMMR........................... ATM operational option for LM622MR

OPTPOSMR........................... Packet Over SONET operational option for LM622MR

OC3OC12PHY.......................Single-port OC-3/OC-12 PHY module for the ATM/PacketOver SONET Load Module. 1310 nm multi-mode optics with dual SC connectors

OC3OC12PHY-SFP................. Single-port OC-3/OC-12 PHY module for the ATM/PacketOver SONET Load Module. Requires 1 SFP pluggable transceiver (not included)

SFP-OC12MM1310D............. Multi-rate (OC-3, OC-12) SFP transceiver. 1310 nm multi-mode optics with dual LC connectors. Supports diagnostic features

SFP-OC12SM1310D.............. Multi-rate (OC-3, OC-12) SFP transceiver. 1310 nm single mode optics with dual LC connectors. Supports diagnostic features



OC-48c Packet Over SONET/SDH Load Module

Ixia’s OC-48c Load Modules are a comprehensive tool fortesting network elements with Packet Over SONET/SDHinterfaces operating at OC-48c/STM-16c levels. The LoadModule offers full wire-speed packet generation, providingunrivaled capability to test the full LAN to WAN path througha single network device or through the network itself.

Additional features such as Bit Error Rate Testing (BERT) and RPR/SRP functionality are also available.



Specifications

Connector SC

Ports per Load Module 1 per Load Module

Optical Interface 1310 nm Singlemode

Optical Transmitter -10 min to -3 maxPower (dBm)

Optical Receiver -21 min to -1 maxSensitivity (dBm)

Layer 2 Encapsulation Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) over SONET/SDH as per RFC2615, Cisco HDLC, Frame Relay, Cisco Frame Relay andUser-Defined Header



Number of Streams 256 in (Packet Streams); 160 (Advanced Stream Scheduler)


Receive Engine Built-in FPGA logic for wire-speed packet filtering, captur-ing, real-time latency for each packet group, data integrity,and sequence checking

Traffic Types Full Multilayer (IP, TCP, UDP, IGMP, ICMP, RIP, DHCP) performance traffic generation at full wire speed

SONET Statistics Link State, Line Speed, Section LOS, Section LOF, SectionBIP (B1), Line AIS, Line RDI, Line REI (FEBE), Line BIP (B2),Path AIS, Path RDI, Path REI (FEBE), Path BIP (B3), Path LOP,Path Signal Label (C2)

Packet Statistics Frames Sent, Valid Frames Received, Bytes Sent, BytesReceived, FCS Errors, User-Defined Stat 1, User-Defined Stat 2, Capture Trigger (UDS 3), Capture filter (UDS 4)



Flexible Traffic Generation Traffic is generated in real-time by intelligent logic imple-mented in FPGAs on each Ixia port, and frame parametersare user configurable:

• IP header contents, including incrementing, decrementing,or random IP addresses. IP checksums are generated on the fly

• Fixed and algorithmic data patterns• Four 32-Bit, programmable data generators can be inserted

anywhere in the frame• Correct and erroneous IP checksums• Bad CRC and no CRC error frame generation

Real-Time Latency Packets representing different types of traffic profiles can be associated with Packet Group Identifiers (PGIDs). Thereceiving port measures the minimum, maximum, and aver-age latency in real-time for each packet belonging to differ-ent groups. Measurable latencies include InstantaneousLatency, where each packet is associated with one group ID only, and Latency Over Time where multiple PGIDs canbe placed in “Time buckets” with fixed durations.






Extensive Statistics Each port accumulates statistics in real-time, including thecount and rate of frames and bytes sent and received, IP, UDP,and TCP packets received, and a variety of SONET/SDHstatistics. Eight Quality of Service counters are availablethat enable IP TOS measurements. The user can also definetwo custom statistics dependent upon source and destinationIP addresses, data pattern contents, or error conditions.

Data Capture A comprehensive set of triggers and filters is availablebased on source and/or destination IP addresses, data pat-tern, and error conditions. Decodes are available for ICMP,IGMP, IP, TCP, UDP, DHCP, MPLS, OSPF, RIP, ARP, and IPX.



LMOC48C.............................1-Port Multilayer OC48c SR-1 Packet Over SONET/SDHLoad Module, 1310 nm, Singlemode

LMOC48C3...........................1-Port Multilayer OC48c SR-1 Packet Over SONET/SDHLoad Module Manufacturing Version, 1310 nm, Singlemode

LMOC48112......................... 1-Port Multilayer OC48c IR-2 Packet Over SONET/SDHLoad Module, 1550 nm, Singlemode

LMOC48112M...................... 1-Port Multilayer OC-48c IR-2 Packet Over SONET/SDHLoad Module, Manufacturing Version, 1550 nm, Singlemode

LMOC48311......................... 1-Port Multilayer OC48c SR-1 SONET/BERT Load Module,1310 nm, Singlemode

LMOC48312......................... 1-Port Multilayer OC-48c IR-2 SONET/BERT Load Module,1550 nm, Singlemode

LMOC48411......................... 1-Port Multilayer OC48c SR-1 Packet Over SONET/BERTLoad Module, 1310 nm, Singlemode

LMOC48412......................... 1-Port Multilayer OC-48c IR-2 Packet Over SONET/BERTLoad Module, 1550 nm, Singlemode



OC-192c Packet Over SONET/SDH Load Module

Ixia’s 10 Gigabit Universal Load Module is a comprehen-sive wire-speed traffic generation, capture, analysis, androuting performance verification tool. The Load Module is configurable for 10 GbE LAN/WAN, OC-192c PacketOver SONET (POS), and OC-192c Bit Error Rate Testing(BERT). The Load Module can be ordered with fixed 10Goptics or with a 10G Small Form Factor Pluggable (XFP)interface for more flexibility. It supports the latest revision of the 10G XFP Multi-Source Agreement (MSA).

When configured for OC-192c, the Universal Load Moduleis a comprehensive tool for testing network elements withPacket Over SONET/SDH interfaces operating at the STS-192c/STM-64 levels. The Load Module offers full wire-speed packet generation, providing unrivaled capability to test the full network path through a single device orthrough the network itself.



Specifications

Connector Type 1310 nm, 1550 nm, or XFP (Supports all transceivers compliant to the XFP MSA)


Layer 2 Encapsulation Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) over SONET/SDH as per RFC2615, Cisco HDLC, Frame Relay, and User-Defined Header



Number of Streams 256 (Packet Stream) or 160 (Advanced Stream Scheduler)


Receive Engine Built-in FPGA logic for wire-speed packet filtering, capturing, real-time latency for each packet group, dataintegrity, and sequence checking

Capture Buffer 32 MB per port, configurable trigger, and filter conditions

Traffic Types Full Multilayer (IP, TCP, UDP, IGMP, ICMP, RIP, DHCP) performance traffic generation at full wire-speed

SONET Statistics Link State, Line Speed, Section LOS, Section LOF, SectionBIP (B1), Line AIS, Line RDI, Line REI (FEBE), Line BIP (B2),Path AIS, Path RDI, Path REI (FEBE), Path BIP (B3), Path LOP,Path Signal Label (C2), Input Signal Strength

Packet Statistics Frames Sent, Valid Frames Received, Bytes Sent, BytesReceived, FCS Errors, User-Defined Stat 1, User-Defined Stat 2, Capture Trigger (UDS 3), Capture filter (UDS 4)



Flexible Traffic Generation Traffic is generated in real-time by intelligent logic imple-mented in FPGAs on each Ixia port, and packet parametersare user configurable:

• IP header contents, including incrementing, decrementing, orrandom IP addresses; IP checksums are generated on the fly

• Fixed and algorithmic data patterns• Four 32-Bit, programmable data generators can be inserted

anywhere in the frame• Correct and erroneous IP checksums• Bad CRC and no CRC error frame generation

Real-Time Latency Packets representing different types of traffic profiles can be associated with Packet Group Identifiers (PGIDs). Thereceiving port measures the minimum, maximum, and aver-age latency in real-time for each packet belonging to differ-ent groups. Measurable latencies include InstantaneousLatency, where each packet is associated with one group ID only, and Latency Over Time where multiple PGIDs canbe placed in “Time buckets” with fixed durations.

Transmit Scheduler There are two modes of transmission available - packetstreams and advanced stream scheduler:





Extensive Statistics Each port accumulates statistics in real-time, including thecount and rate of frames and bytes sent and received, aswell as the number and rate of IP and UDP statistics and a variety of SONET/SDH statistics. Eight Quality of Servicecounters are available that enable IP TOS measurements.The user can also define two custom statistics dependentupon source and destination IP addresses, data pattern contents, or error conditions.

Data Capture Each port is equipped with 32 MB of capture memory,which can store tens of thousands of packets in real-time.The capture buffer can be set up to store packets based on user-defined trigger and filter conditions. Decodes for IPv4,IPv6, UDP, ARP, BGP-4, IS-IS, OSPF, TCP, DHCP, IPX, RIP,IGMP, CISCO ISL, VLAN, and MPLS are provided.

Routing Protocols The Universal Load Module supports all Ixia ProtocolEmulation Suites, including routing (BGP-4, OSPF, IS-IS, andRIP) for IPv4 and IPv6 as well as MPLS signaling (RSVP-TE,LDP), L2/L3 VPNs, and multicast protocols (IGMP, MLD, andPIM-SM).

Tcl API Ixia’s Universal Load Modules are supported by a full TclApplication Programming Interface (API). This API allowsusers to develop custom scripts and integrate the modulesinto automated test environments.

Optional Configurations OC192c BERT Feature SetWhen configured for BERT, the Universal Load Module functions as a SONET-framed BERT Load Module that deliv-ers cost-effective Layer 1 testing capabilities. In this configu-ration, the Load Module allows manufacturers and networkoperators alike to stress test their equipment using industrystandard PRBS patterns.

10GBASE-W (WAN) Ethernet Feature SetWhen configured as 10 GbE LAN/WAN, the UniversalLoad Module provides wire-speed traffic generation, capture, analysis, and routing protocol performance verification tool for IEEE 802.3ae-compliant 10GBASE-R(LAN) and 10GBASE-W (WAN) devices.




LM10GULF-P…………............. 1-Port 10 Gigabit Universal Base Load Module, 1310 nm,Singlemode, Full Features; PowerPC with 256MB.Configuration options (must select at least one) are 10GELAN/WAN, OC-192c POS, and OC-192c BERT

LM10GUEF-P…………............. 1-Port 10 Gigabit Universal Base Load Module, 1550 nm,Singlemode, Full Features; PowerPC with 256MB.Configuration options (must select at least one) are 10GELAN/WAN, OC-192c POS, and OC-192c BERT

LM10GUPF-XFP....................... 1-port, 10 Gigabit Universal Base Load Module, XFP– pluggable, Full Features; with PowerPC and 256 MB. Configuration options (must select at least one) are 10 GbE LAN/WAN, OC-192c POS, and OC-192c BERT (Does Not Include XFP Transceiver)

LM10GULF............................. 1-port, 10 Gigabit Universal Base Load Module, 1310 nm,single-mode, Full Features; configuration options (mustselect at least one) are 10 GbE LAN/WAN, OC-192cPOS, and OC-192c BERT

LM10GUEF............................ 1-port, 10 Gigabit Universal Base Load Module, 1550 nm,single-mode, Full Features; configuration options (must selectat least one) are 10 GbE LAN/WAN, OC-192c POS, andOC-192c BERT

OPT10GELWAN..................... 10GE LAN/WAN configuration option for Universal BaseLoad Module

OPTOC192POS..................... OC-192c POS configuration option for Universal Base Load Module

OPTOC192BERT..................... OC-192c BERT configuration option for Universal Base Load Module



SONET-Framed Bit Error Rate Tester (BERT) Load Module

Ixia’s family of SONET-framed BERT Load Modules delivercost-effective Layer 1 testing capabilities. Available for usein small footprint desktop and rack-mount chassis, or in fieldportable units, these Load Modules allow manufacturers and network operators to stress test their equipment usingindustry standard PRBS patterns.

With extensive access to SONET overhead bytes and theability to monitor for and inject errors in individual SONETframes, Ixia’s BERT Load Modules deliver comprehensiveLayer 1 performance verification. Ixia’s BERT is available in dedicated Load Modules or as a feature on Ixia’s OC-192c POS/Ethernet Universal Load Module.



Specifications

Module Type/Slots OC-48c/1 Slot OC-192UniPHY OC-192cOccupied

Optical Interface 1310 nm or 1550 nm 1310 nm or 1550 nm VSR-1Singlemode Singlemode

Extinction Ratio (db) 8.2 7.0 6 min, 10 typical

Optical Tx Power (dBm) -10 min to 0 max -6 min to 2 max -10 min to -5 max

Optical Rx Sensitivity (dBm) -21 min to -1 max -14 min to -1 max -16 min to -3 max

PRBS Patterns 2n-1, n={11,15,20,23,31}, PRBS can be Inverted All Zeros, Alternating Ones/Zeros, User-Defined

Alarms Link State, Line Speed, Section LOS, Section LOF, Line andPath AIS, RDI, Path PLM (C2), Path LOP

Counters and Rates Section BIP (B1), Line BIP (B2), Path BIP (B3), Line and PathREI (FEBE), Mismatched 1s, Mismatched 0s

Error and Alarm Generation Insert single, continuous or user-defined rates for bit errors,Section LOF, B1, B2, B3, Line and Path AIS, REI (FEBE), and RDI., J0, J1 Trace Message Insertion/Capture; D1-D12Data Communication Channel Insertion/Capture

VSR-1 Error Insertion Momentary or continuous, per channel error insertion for (OC-192c VSR-1 only) Section BIP, CRC, Frame Delimiter, Channel Skew, 8b/10b

Violations

Statistics Bits Sent/Received, Bit Errors Sent/Received, Pattern LockIndicator, Block Error State, Elapsed Test Time, Receivepower (OC192c only)

G.826 Measurements Errored Seconds, Severely Errored Seconds, Error Free (Counts and Rates) Seconds, Available Seconds, Unavailable Seconds, Errored

Blocks, Background Block Errors, Bit Error Ratio, ErroredSeconds Ratio, Severely Errored Seconds Ratio, BackgroundBlock Error Ratio, Counts of errored and unavailable sec-onds for every supported SONET alarm and error type

APS Testing K1/K2 Bytes – set/read; Service Disruption (min, max, last,cumulative) – millisecond granularity

Eye-Pattern Generation 311.04 MHz +/- 20-PPM clock output via a front-panel (OC-192c only) SMA connector



Precision APS Testing Ixia’s BERT Load Modules offer precision, user-definablerates for SONET alarm and error insertions. Combined withthe module’s Service Disruption measurement capabilities,users can easily validate Automatic Protection Switchover(APS) thresholds for a variety of error modes.

POS / 10 Gigabit Ethernet Ixia BERT Load Modules are firmware upgradeable to WAN Upgradeable include Packet Over SONET functionality. This flexibility

to move up from Layer 1 testing gives users the utmost in space efficiency and cost effectiveness. The OC-192c BERTLoad Module is also upgradeable to 10 Gigabit EthernetLAN and WAN functionality in addition to Packet OverSONET, yielding a quad mode card.

VSR-1 Support Used for intra-POP, short distance connections, the VSR-1 inter-face is a cost-effective alternative to long-range optics. Ixia’s OC-192c BERT Load Module is available with a VSR-1 inter-face, which uses 12 parallel fiber optic lines operating at1.25Gbps each. The Ixia VSR-1 interface offers extensive accessto the VSR-1 framer for error insertion and statistics collection.

Tcl API Ixia’s BERT Load Modules are supported by a full TclApplication Programming Interface (API). This API allowsusers to develop custom scripts and integrate the modulesinto automated test environments.

Compatibility Ixia’s BERT Load Modules use industry standard PRBS patterns and G.826 statistics and are fully compatible withSONET-framed BERTs from other vendors.

Chassis Support The BERT Load Modules are supported in the IXIA 250, IXIA400T, and IXIA 1600T. Multiple BERT interfaces and inter-face speeds can be combined within a single chassis.




LMOC48311......................... OC-48c -1 port 1310 nm Upgradeable to POS/BERTSinglemode

LMOC48312......................... OC-48c - 1 port 1550 nm Upgradeable to POS/BERTSinglemode

LM10GULF +......................... OC-192c – 1 port 1310 nm Upgradeable to POS/OPTOC 192 BERT LAN/WAN Singlemode

LM10GUEF +.........................OC-192c – 1 port 1550 nm Upgradeable to POS/OPTOC 192 BERT LAN/WAN Singlemode

LMOC192368....................... 1 Port OC-192c-VSR Parallel optics SONET/BERT Load Module

LMOC192468....................... 1 Port Multilayer OC-192c-VSR Parallel optics Packet Over SONET/BERT Load Module



Unframed Bit Error Rate Tester (BERT) Load Module

Ixia‘s family of unframed BERT Load Modules delivers themost flexible, cost effective, and port-dense solution everdesigned for all-optical switch and DWDM system verifica-tion. The unframed BERT Load Modules are multi-rate capa-ble, supporting speeds from OC-3c to OC-48c, includingFibre Channel and Gigabit Ethernet. Low cost versions thatsupport OC-3c/OC-12c only are also available.

Ixia’s unframed BERT Load Modules make possible large-scaletesting of optical systems with hundreds or thousands of portsgenerating simultaneous and independent test patterns.



Specifications


Optical Interface 1310 nm Singlemode; 1550 nm Singlemode; SFP transceivers SFP transceivers

Optical Tx Power (dBm) -10 min to -3 max -5 min to 0 max

Optical Rx Sensitivity (dBm) -22 typical to -3 max -25.5 typical to 0 max

Supported Data Rates 2.488 Gbps (OC-48); 2.67 Gbps (OC-48 w/FEC); 622.08 Mbps (OC-12); 666.51 Mbps (OC-12 w/FEC);155.52 Mbps (OC-3); 166.63 Mbps (OC-3 w/FEC); 1.062 Mbps (Fibre Channel);2.125 Gbps (2 x Fibre Channel); 1.25 Gbps (Gigabit Ethernet)

Clock in Port 132.75MHz - 166.63MHz +/- 100PPM (1V Peak-to-Peak(SMA Connector) Maximum Input)

Clock out Port (SMA Transmit Rate/16Connector)

Test Patterns 2n-1 PRBS where n={11,15,20,23}, PRBS can be Inverted.All Zeros, Alternating Ones/Zeros,User-Defined 32-Bit Pattern

Error Insertion Insert single, continuous, or user-defined rates for bit errors

Statistics and Alarms Link State, Line Speed, LOS, Mismatched 1s, Mismatched0s, Bits Sent/Received, Bit Errors Sent/Received, PatternLock Indicator, Block Error State, Elapsed Test Time

Service Disruption Min, max, last, cumulative - millisecond granularityMeasurements

Ease-of-Use Ixia has extended its ease-of-use capabilities to the unframedBERT family of Load Modules by offering easy setup, exten-sive statistics, and remote port management. Receive portscan automatically detect incoming PRBS patterns and canalso operate independently of the transmit port. In addition,the unframed BERT Load Modules provide an extensive setof BERT statistics. Each statistic can be configured to pro-vide audible and visual alerts when a user-defined thresholdis reached. In addition, statistics can be logged to files dur-ing extended test periods. In the BERT analysis environment,multiple users can be assigned ownership of individual testports, and the system can be managed remotely, enablingusers to manage ports from the lab or the field.



Cost-Effective Testing With the unframed BERT Load Modules, today's latest optical switches and transmission equipment, with hundredsor thousands of ports, can be fully validated in a minimalamount of space and at an economical price. Ixia systemsare scalable to 256 chassis per chassis chain, deliveringthousands of BERT ports, all synchronized with a distributedclock or via GPS.

Multiple Data Rates The multi-rate unframed BERT cards allow different datarates corresponding to SONET, ATM, Fibre Channel, or Gigabit Ethernet speeds to be assigned to each test port. This makes it simple to validate the performance of all optical switches, which advertise speed and protocolindependent operation.

Service Disruption Testing Ixia‘s unframed BERT Load Modules offer precise, user-definable rates for bit error insertions and LOS conditions.Combined with the module‘s Service Disruption measure-ment capabilities, users can easily validate switchoverthresholds for a variety of error modes.

Insertion Loss Testing The multi-rate unframed BERT Load Modules have the capa-bility of measuring both transmit and receive optical power.This allows the module to determine the insertion loss of anoptical signal as it traverses the Device Under Test, a keymeasure in the performance of optical systems.

Tcl API Ixia's BERT Load Modules are supported by a full TclApplication Programming Interface (API). This API allowsusers to develop custom scripts and integrate the modulesinto automated test environments.

Compatibility Ixia's BERT Load Modules use industry-standard PRBS patterns and G.826 statistics, and are fully compatible with unframed BERTs from other vendors.

Chassis Support The unframed BERT Load Modules are supported in the IXIA 100, IXIA 250, IXIA 400T, and IXIA 1600T. Multipleunframed BERT interfaces and interface speeds may becombined within a single chassis.




LMUB1MOC48P8.................. 8-Port Multi-rate (OC-3, OC-12, OC-48, GigE, FC1, FC2)unframed BERT Load Module. No optical transceiversincluded

LMUB1MOC48P8.................. 8-Port Multi-rate (OC-3, OC-12, OC-48, GigE, FC1, FC2)unframed BERT Load Module, 1310 nm SFP LC SinglemodeOptics

LMUB1SOC3P8..................... 8-Port 155/622 Mbps unframed BERT Load Module, 1310 nm SFP LC Singlemode Optics

LMUB2MOC48P8.................. 8-Port Multi-rate (OC-3, OC-12, OC-48, GigE, FC1, FC2) unframed BERT Load Module, 1550 nm SFP LCSinglemode Optics



OC-3c/OC-12c AsynchronousTransfer Mode (ATM) Load Module

Ixia’s ATM Load Module enables high performance testing of routers and broadband aggregation devices such asBroadband Remote Access Server (BRAS) systems andDSLAMs. With full wire-speed IP packet generation andanalysis at OC-12, OC-3, DS-3 and E-3 rates, the dual-portATM Load Module provides a cost-effective, space efficient,multi-port test environment. The ATM Load Module can beoptionally configured to support Packet Over SONET (POS);this mode of operation is covered in the OC-3c/OC-12cPacket Over SONET/SDH Load Module data sheet.

The Ixia ATM Load Module supports multiple physical inter-faces via modular PHYs, multiple signal rates, and multipletechnologies (ATM and POS), providing a very high level of flexibility in a single module. With a RISC CPU per portrunning Linux, the module provides a powerful platform for running test applications, including IxChariot and Ixia’sRouting Protocol Emulation Suites. Combined with a full lineof Ethernet, POS, and BERT Load Modules, the ATM LoadModule enables Ixia to deliver the industry’s most compre-hensive test solution.



Specifications

Hot Pluggable Physical Interface OC-3/OC-12, STM1/STM4 DS-3/E-3

Connector Type Dual SC with 1310 nm Dual BNC CoaxialMulti-mode optics or DualLC using SFP transceiverwith 1310 nm multimode orsingle-mode optics

Signal Rate OC-3: 155.52 Mbps; DS-3: 44.736 Mbps; OC-12: 622.08 Mbps E-3: 34.368 Mbps

Ports Per Load Module 2 ports per module, each may be populated with differentphysical interface options

Processor/Memory (per port) 1392 MIPS PowerPC/256 Mbytes

Encapsulation LLC/SNAP per RFC 2684 (1483)VC Multiplexing per RFC 2684 (1483)MPLS LLC per RFC 3035MPLS Null per RFC 3035

Virtual Circuits 65,536 VC IDs/4,096 VP IDs generated among 4,096unique streams

Emulation Modes UNI or NNI per port

ATM Framing AAL5

Transmit Streams 4,096 among 15 interleaved transmit engines

Transmit Engine Built-in FPGA logic for wire speed packet generation withtimestamps, sequence numbers and packet group signatures.Five User Defined Fields (UDFs) with additional engines forVPI, VCI, IP DA, IP SA, MAC DA, and MAC SA

Receive Engine Built-in FPGA logic for wire speed packet filtering, capturing,real-time latency for each packet group, data integrity, andsequence checking

Capture Buffer (per port) 8 Mbytes

SONET Statistics Link State, Line Speed, Section LOS, Section LOF, Section BIP (B1), Line AIS, Line RDI, Line REI (FEBE), Line BIP (B2),Path AIS, Path RDI, Path REI (FEBE), Path BIP (B3), Path LOP, Path PLM (C2), Loss of Cell Delineation (LOC)

ATM Transmit Statistics Cells Sent, AAL5 Bytes Sent, AAL5 Frames Sent, ScheduledCells Sent, Scheduled Frames Sent, Transmit Throughput, Bits Sent

continued next page



ATM Receive Statistics Cells Received, AAL5 Bytes Received, AAL5 FramesReceived, AAL5 CRC Errored Frames, AAL5 Length ErroredFrames, AAL5 Timeout Errored Frames, Correctable HCSErrors, Uncorrectable HCS Errors, Idle Cells Received, Bits Received

TCP/IP Statistics IP Packets Received, IP Checksum Errors, UDP PacketsReceived, UDP Checksum Errors, TCP Packets Received, TCP Checksum Errors

Flexible Packet Generation Traffic is generated in real-time by intelligent logic imple-mented in FPGAs on each Ixia port, and frame parametersare user configurable:

• ATM VPI/VCI using 12-bit programmable data generators(UDFs) for VPI, 16-bit for VCI

• Ethernet MAC DA and SA using 48-Bit UDFs• Five 32-Bit UDFs can be inserted anywhere in the frame• IP header contents, including incrementing, decrementing,

or random IP addresses; IP checksums are generated on the fly in hardware

• Fixed and algorithmic data patterns • Correct and erroneous IP checksums • AAL5 frame generation with good or bad CRC

Real-Time Latency Packets representing different types of traffic profiles can be associated with Packet Group Identifiers (PGIDs). Thereceiving port measures the minimum, maximum, and aver-age latency in real time, for each packet belonging to different groups. Measurable latencies includeInstantaneous Latency, where each packet is associatedwith one group ID only, and Latency Over Time where multiple PGIDs can be placed in “time buckets” with fixed durations. 64K PGIDs are available per port.

Transmit Scheduler The packet streams transmit engine can generate multiplestreams in sequence, each containing multiple packets withcustom characteristics. After all packets in the first streamare transmitted, control is passed to the next defined streamin the sequence. After the last stream in the sequence isreached, transmission may either cease or control may bepassed on to any other stream in the sequence. Therefore,multiple streams are cycled through representing differenttraffic profiles to simulate real world traffic.



Extensive Statistics Each port accumulates ATM, IP, and SONET statistics in real-time. Both transmit and receive statistics can be viewedon a per-port or per-VC basis. Eight Quality of Service counters are available that enable IP TOS measurements.The user can also define two custom statistics dependentupon source and destination IP addresses, data pattern contents, or error conditions.

Data Capture A comprehensive set of triggers and filters is availablebased on VPI/VCI, source and/or destination MAC and/orIP addresses, data pattern, and error conditions. Decodesare available for ICMP, IGMP, IP, TCP, UDP, DHCP, MPLS,OSPF, RIP, ARP, and IPX.

Routing Protocols The ATM Load Module supports all Ixia Routing ProtocolSuites, including BGP-4, OSPF, IS-IS, RIP, LDP, RSVP-TE, PIM-SM, MLD, and IGMP. Protocol emulation operates on a local RISC processor running Linux on each ATM test port. This delivers a highly scalable protocol emulation system that becomes more powerful as ports are added.




LM622MR............................. 2-Port ATM/Packet Over SONET Load Module. Supports622, 155, 45, and 34 Mbps data rates. Configurationoptions: 1) Requires purchase of 2 PHY modules; 2)Requires purchase of at least 1 operational option – OPTATMMR and/or OPTPOSMR

OPTATMMR........................... ATM operational option for LM622MR

OPTPOSMR........................... Packet Over SONET operational option for LM622MR

OC3OC12PHY...................... Single-port OC-3/OC-12 PHY module for the ATM/PacketOver SONET Load Module. 1310 nm multi-mode optics with dual SC connectors

OC3OC12PHY-SFP................. Single-port OC-3/OC-12 PHY module for the ATM/PacketOver SONET Load Module. Requires 1 SFP pluggable transceiver (not included)

SFP-OC12MM1310D............. Multi-rate (OC-3, OC-12) SFP transceiver. 1310 nm multi-mode optics with dual LC connectors. Supports diagnosticfeatures

SFP-OC12SM1310D.............. Multi-rate (OC-3, OC-12) SFP transceiver. 1310 nm singlemode optics with dual LC connectors. Supports diagnosticfeatures

DS3E3PHY............................. Single-port DS-3/E-3 PHY Module for ATM Load Module.Dual BNC coaxial connectors. Supported only with ATMoperational option


Chassis Ixia p. 171

Chassis:IXIA 1600TIXIA 400T IXIA 100

The Ixia series of chassis delivers the industry’s most com-prehensive solutions for high performance, multiport trafficgeneration and analysis. The IXIA 1600T, IXIA 400T, andthe IXIA 100 with GPS time synchronization, share a highlyscalable architecture that supports daisy-chaining of up to256 chassis with timing synchronized to within 10 nanosec-onds. With Ixia, even the most complex devices and net-works can be tested thoroughly and cost-effectively.


Chassis Ixia p. 172

Specifications

IXIA 1600T IXIA 400T IXIA 100

Slots 16 4 1

Size 17.5"w x 15.7"h x 20.4"d 10.25"w x 5.75"h x 16"d 17.5"w x 1.75"h x 20.15"d (44.5 x 39.9 x 52 cm) (26.1 x 14.6 x 40.6 cm) (44.5 x 4.5 x 38.1 cm)

Weight 47 lbs. (21 kg) 10 lbs. (4.5 kg) 14 lbs. (6.4 kg)

Power 20 AMP@110V 4.0 AMP@110V 1 AMP@110V10 AMP@220V 60/50 Hz 2.0 AMP@220V 60/50 Hz 0.6 AMP@220V 60/50 Hz

Timing Source Internal or Internal or Direct or indirect via CDMAsynchronized with synchronized with GPS or synchronized another Ixia chassis another Ixia chassis with another Ixia chassis

Temperature Operating: 32˚ F to 104˚ F (0˚ C to 40˚ C) Storage: 32˚ F to 122˚ F (0˚ C to 50˚ C)

Humidity Operating: 0% to 85%, non-condensingStorage: 0% to 85%, non-condensing

Connectors Power: Male IEC 320 receptacleMouse/Keyboard: PS/2 6-pin DIN (IXIA 100 and 400 T use adapter

cables)Monitor: HD-DB15 Parallel Port: Female DB25 parallel portEthernet: RJ45 10/100 Mbps (IXIA 100 and 400 T have dual NIC)Serial: Male DB9 portSync in: RJ14Sync out: RJ14Trigger out: BNC

Features • Support for Packet Over SONET, 10 Gigabit Ethernet,Gigabit Ethernet, 10/100 Ethernet, and ATM interfaces

• Built-in PC, running Windows 2000, used for configurationand statistics gathering

• Daisy-chaining of up to 256 chassis to within 10 nano-seconds synchronization

• Generate and analyze traffic synchronously over thousandsof ports simultaneously

Benefits • No need to buy specially configured PC for configuration,data capture, and real-time analysis

• Save time and cost by providing software only upgrades for future enhancements

• Quick access to thousands of ports to test high port densityswitches, routers, access devices, and networks


Chassis Ixia p. 173

Applications The Ixia chassis are essential tools for engineering teamsthat are developing and troubleshooting Packet Over SONET,10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet, 10 Gigabit Ethernet, andATM products. They are also critical products for certifica-tion departments tasked with validation and performancetesting in the lab. Production testing and quality assuranceduring the manufacturing process can be easily performedusing Ixia chassis. The Ixia chassis can be used within cus-tomer service departments as troubleshooting resources.Internet Service Providers (ISPs), Carriers, and large enter-prises can also use the Ixia chassis to monitor live networkoperations, to simulate network traffic conditions, and to hotstage modifications and additions to the network, assessingtheir impact prior to actual deployment.

Software Ixia‘s powerful IxExplorer, a Microsoft Windows based soft-ware interface, provides easy configuration, control, andstatus. Users can generate customized traffic patterns usingpacket streams, and easily configure packets with incre-menting, decrementing, or random MAC and IP addresses,and through user-defined fields. Protocol editors are avail-able for IP, UDP, IPX, TCP, UDP, IGMP, ARP, DHCP, RIP, ISL, MPLS,VLAN 802.1p&q, and OSPF. Each port can generate ARPrequests, Ping requests, IGMP reports, and respond to suchmessages. The Ixia chassis offer an optional suite of testscripts written in the industry standard scripting language,Tcl. These scripts implement the popular BenchmarkWorking Group (BMWG) performance tests specified inRFC 2544 and RFC 2285. Other Tcl test scripts includeIxia's IP Multicast Test (RFC 2432), Quality of Service Test(QoS), Advanced Tcl Script, Suite (ATSS), and MultiportAdvanced Test Suite (MATS). In addition, technology-specificapplications such as IxWeb, IxVPN, WebLOAD and variousIxia Routing Protocol Emulations are available.


IXIA 1600T............................ 16-Slot Chassis Incl: PC & IxExplorer Software

IXIA 400T.............................. 4-Slot Chassis Incl: PC & IxExplorer Software and Tcl Script-RFC

IXIA 100................................1-Slot Chassis Incl: PC & IxExplorer Software and Tcl Script-RFC


Chassis Ixia p. 174

Chassis:IXIA 250

The IXIA 250 field-portable chassis is designed with every-thing needed to conduct sophisticated tests. With an inte-grated LCD TFT touch screen display, keyboard, andmouse, the IXIA 250 is self-contained, yet powerful enough to run every Ixia application and Load Module,from 10/100 through 10 Gigabit Ethernet, to OC-3cthrough OC-192c Packet Over SONET, and OC-3c to OC-12c ATM.

The IXIA 250 contains an integrated 10/100/1000 MbpsEthernet test port, with support for a choice of copper or fiber media. This makes the IXIA 250 extremely cost-effective for service turn-up applications.


Chassis Ixia p. 175

Specifications

Load Module Slots 2; accepts single or double-wide Ixia Load Modules

Management Card Removable CPU card and 20 GB hard drive; 1.2 GHz Intel Celeron processor with 512 MB RAMWindows 2000 Server Operating System

Size 17.6"w x 11.3"d x 6.8"h (44.7 x 28.6 x 17.2 cm)

Weight 18.5 lbs. (8.4 kg)

Power 3.2 [email protected] AMPS@220V 60/50 Hz

Timing Sources Internal, Optional indirect GPS (via CDMA) with 200 microsecond accuracy, or Synchronized with another Ixia chassis

Temperature Operating: 32˚ F to 104˚ F (0˚ C to 40˚ C)Storage: 32˚ F to 122˚ F (0˚ C to 50˚ C)

Humidity Operating: 0% to 85%, non-condensingStorage: 0% to 85%, non-condensing

External Connectors Power: Male IEC320 receptacleMouse/Keyboard: PS/2 6-pin DIN (uses adapter cable)Monitor: HD-DB15 Super VGAParallel Port: Female DB25 parallel portSerial: Male DB9 portChassis Sync-In: RJ14Chassis Sync-Out: RJ14CDMA: BNC (only on IXIA 250-CDMA)Ethernet (remote management): RJ45 10/100 Mbps (dual port)

Integrated Display 12.1" TFT active matrix XGA LCD panel with touch screen.1024 x 768 resolution

Integrated Ixia TXS Test Port Integrated FPGA logic for Layer 2-3 testing8MB Data Capture Buffer1392 MIPS PowerPC CPU for Routing Protocol emulationand Layer 4-7 testing10/100/1000 Mbps, Copper media; RJ45 connector or 1000 Mbps, Fiber media; SFP socket


Chassis Ixia p. 176

Features • Integrated TFT LCD touch screen display, keyboard, and mouse

• Integrated 10/100/1000 Ethernet test port• Swappable copper and fiber media interfaces• Support for Packet Over SONET, 10 Gigabit Ethernet,

Gigabit Ethernet, 10/100 Ethernet, and ATM LoadModules

• Built-in PC, running Microsoft Windows 2000 Server, usedfor configuration and statistics gathering

• Optional CDMA-based global timing synchronization

Benefits • Rugged field portability – no need to connect to external peripherals

• Cost-effective design – test 10/100 and Gigabit Ethernetservices without the need to buy additional Load Modules

• Both 10/100/1000 Ethernet over Copper and GigabitEthernet over Fiber for the integrated test port

• Ability to test a wide variety of network architectures• No need to buy specially configured PC for configuration,

data capture, and real-time analysis• Enables accurate one-way latency measurements

Applications The IXIA 250 chassis is an essential tool for field operationsteams that are deploying or troubleshooting Packet OverSONET, ATM, or Ethernet networks. Internet ServiceProviders (ISPs), carriers, and large enterprises can use theIxia chassis to monitor live network operations, to simulatenetwork traffic conditions, to hot stage modifications, andadditions to the network, and to perform service turn-uptesting. The IXIA 250 chassis works seamlessly with Ixia’sfull line of application software, including IxActivate.

Software Ixia‘s powerful IxExplorer, an Windows based software inter-face, provides easy configuration, control, and status. Userscan generate customized traffic patterns using packet streamsor flows, and easily configure packets with incrementing,decre-menting, or random MAC and IP addresses.

Protocol editors are available for IP, UDP, IPX, TCP, UDP,IGMP, ARP, DHCP, RIP, ISL, MPLS, VLAN 802.1p&q, andOSPF. Each port can generate ARP requests, Ping requests,IGMP reports, and respond to such messages.

The IXIA 250 chassis supports optional suites of test scriptswritten in the industry standard Tcl scripting language.These scripts implement the popular Benchmark WorkingGroup (BMWG) performance tests specified in RFC 2544


Chassis Ixia p. 177

and RFC 2285. Other Tcl test scripts include Ixia‘s IPMulticast Test (RFC 2432), Quality of Service Test (QoS),Advanced Tcl Script Suite (ATSS), and Multiport AdvancedTest Suite (MATS). In addition, technology specific applica-tions, such as IxWeb for Layer 4 to 7 device verification,and routing protocol emulations for BGP-4, OSPF, IS-IS, RIP,MPLS (RSVP-TE), and LDP, are available.


IXIA250................................. Field-portable 2-slot chassis with integrated keyboard,mouse, and TFT touch screen display. Includes integrated10/100/1000 Ethernet test port with CPU, removable CPU card, and removable hard disk drive. At time of pur-chase, please specify either Copper or Fiber media for integrated test port

IXIA250-CDMA....................... Field-portable 2-slot chassis with integrated keyboard,mouse, TFT touch screen display, and CDMA timing option.Includes integrated 10/100/1000 Ethernet test port withCPU, removable CPU card, and removable hard disk drive.At time of purchase, please specify either Copper or Fibermedia for integrated test port

IX250COPPER........................ Pluggable Copper Media Module for Ixia 250 integratedtest port

IX250FIBERSFP........................ Pluggable Fiber Media Module for Ixia 250 integrated test port. Accepts SFP transceiver, not included

SFP-SX....................................SFP Transceiver-850 nm SX

SFP-CU……….........................SFP Transceiver - RJ-45 Copper

SFP-LX………...........................SFP Transceiver - 1310nm LX


Chassis Ixia p. 178

Chassis:Optixia®

Today’s switches and routers are designed with literally hundreds of copper and fiber-based Ethernet ports. Optixia®

was created to efficiently meet the performance verificationneeds of these next generation devices. With up to 24010/100/1000 Mbps full line rate traffic generation andanalysis ports in one chassis, Optixia® is the highest portdensity performance analysis platform in the industry.

It takes more than raw port count to effectively provide performance verification throughout the product life cycle. It takes scalability, the ability to configure and reconfigurethe analysis environment as needs dictate. With this inmind, Optixia® allows the integration of both high-end, fully-featured performance analysis ports targeted for thedevelopment environment, and low cost full line-rate interfaces designed to support performance validation in the manufacturing environment.


Chassis Ixia p. 179

Specifications

Load Module Slots 10

Size Size: 17.5"w x 35.5"h x 22.5"d; (44.5cm x 90.5cm x57.5cm)

Weight Weight (empty): 150lbs. (68kg); Average Shipping Wt.: 160lbs

Power 20 AMP at 220VAC 60/50 Hz

Temperature Operating temperature: 32°F to 86°F, (0°C to 30°C) Storage temperature: 0°F to 110°F, (-20°C to 43°C)

Humidity Operating humidity: 10% to 90%, non-condensing Storage temperature: 5% to 95%, non-condensing

Front Panel Connectors Power: Male IEC320 receptacleMouse: PS/2 6-pin DINKeyboard: PS/2 6-pin DINMonitor: HD-DB15 Super VGAPrinter: Female DB25 parallel portEthernet: RJ45 10/100 MbpsSerial: Male DB9 portUSB: Type A male connectorSync in: RJ14Sync out: RJ14Trigger out: BNC

Front Panel Switches On/Off momentary rocker switch

Front Panel Indicators Power, Standby, Master, Eternal Clock, GPS

Fan Tray 9 fans

Managment Card Removeable CPU, 20 GB hard drive, floppy drive, CD-ROM drive,and 2.4 GHz Intel Pentium class processor with 2 GB of RAM

Features • Largest and highest port density chassis available• Integrated PC running Windows 2000, with built-in 20 GB

hard drive, floppy drive, CD-ROM drive, and 2.4 GHz IntelPentium class processor for management and control ofport configuration and statistics

• Intuitive management software using a Microsoft Windowslike GUI for easy access to ports for configuration, transmitand receive functions

• Powerful automation facilities using Tcl scripting languageand easy integration into existing customer automated lab environments


Chassis Ixia p. 180

Reliability Optixia® is designed for today’s highly competitive network-ing market, where performance verification is required on a continuous, uninterrupted basis. With four redundantpower supplies, Optixia® ensures uninterrupted operation.Hot-swappable interface Load Modules offer users on-the-flyreconfiguration. With its front-loading management module,Optixia® delivers high-speed 2.4 GHz Pentium 4 processing.

High Performance Optixia® Load Modules are built on a proven architecturethat integrates a per port RISC CPU, running Linux and a TCP/IP stack, providing the capability for applicationstressing of high-port count Web server load balancers, and simulation of real world traffic. Additionally, Optixia®

offers a wide array of analysis solutions, including verifica-tion of complex networking protocols, such as BGP-4, MPLS,OSPF, RSVP-TE, RIP and IS-IS; automated test suites for vali-dation of broadband access devices, routers, and other net-working equipment; quality assurance and manufacturingtesting; and comparative evaluation for ISPs and NSPs.

Ease-of-Use As the verification environment becomes more complex,powerful and easy-to-use management software becomescritical. With Optixia’s intuitive user interface, users canmanage thousands of ports from a single console located at the testing site, or remotely. With IxScriptMate, users canexecute a wide range of pre-built test suites targeted at spe-cific analysis applications, or write custom scripts using ourTcl API. Optixia® also makes it possible to maximize analy-sis resources by allowing multiple users to share the verifi-cation platform and take ownership of individual or multi-ple ports within the same chassis.

Benefits • Takes up less real-estate in user labs while providing highport density

• Cleaner cable management, thus minimizing complex labsetups and cost

• Continuous test cycles possible with hot-swapping functionwhich saves overall test time with no interruptions due to hardware failures

• Simultaneous control of hundreds of ports for heavy-dutyperformance testing

• Single software packaging and installation processes provide worry free benefits without need to manage multiple software and firmware modules

• Remote management allows easy access to chassisresources via local network


Chassis Ixia p. 181

• Range of ports on a chassis can be shared by multipleusers with their own username and password, thus maxi-mizing testing resources, and providing a secure uninter-rupted test environment

• Pre-canned automated test packages provide benchmarkingmetrics under load no load traffic conditions

• Real world Layer 4 and above traffic scenario simulation for device and network testing


OPTIXIA2PR........................... Optixia® Chassis and four power supplies

OLM1000STXS24.................. 24-Port Dual-PHY (RJ45 and SFP) 10/100/1000 MbpsEthernet Optixia® Load Module (does not include transceivers)

OLM1000STX24.................... 24-Port Dual-PHY (RJ45 and SFP) 10/100/1000 EthernetOptixia® Load Module (does not include SFP transceivers);Reduced features – NO support for routing protocols, Linux SDK, and L4-7 Applications


Glossary : A Ixia p. 182

Glossary

AaACCM See Asynchronous Control Character Mask.

ACK An acknowledge signal or message. For TCP sessionestablishment, an ACK message is sent in response to a SYN message.

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) The Internet protocol used to map an IP address to a MAC address.Defined in RFC 826.

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) A fast andsecure standard encryption algorithm, defined by theNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

Advanced Stream Scheduler An Ixia hardware capability that allows an interleaved set of streams to be transmitted.

AIS-L Alarm Indication Signal for Line Overhead used inPOS transmissions.

API See Application Programming Interface.

Application Programming Interface (API)A set of supplied programming functions, used to operate testing equipment.


Glossary : A – B – C Ixia p. 183

APS See Automatic Protection Switching.

ARP See Address Resolution Protocol.

AS See Autonomous System and Available Seconds.

Authentication Header (AH) IPSec uses two protocolsto establish security services -- the Authentication Header(AH) and Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP). TheAuthentication Header provides connectionless data integri-ty and data origin authentication for IP packets. See alsoEncapsulating Security Payload (ESP).

Automatic Protection Switching A technique used in Packet Over SONET networks to switch working channelsto backup protection channels within 50 ms.

Auto-Negotiation The algorithm that allows two devicesat either end of a link segment to negotiate common dataservice functions.

Autonomous System A collection of routers that imple-ment the same routing policy and are typically administeredby a single group of administrators. ASs connected to theInternet are assigned numbers called Autonomous SystemNumbers (ASN) which are key to inter-domain routing.

BERT See Bit Error Rate Testing.

BGP See Border Gateway Protocol.

BIP Errors Bit Interleaved Parity errors found in POS cir-cuits. BIP errors can occur as Section, Line, or Path Errors.

Bit Error Rate Testing An OSI Layer 1 test in whichlow level data integrity is tested.

Border Gateway Protocol The principal protocol usedalong the Internet backbone and within larger organizations.

Burst A counted number of data packets, each separatedby an Inter-Packet Gap (IPG).

C/C++ Related computer programming languages.

Capture An Ixia port receive mode enabling packets to bestored and viewed.

Capture Buffer Memory associated with each port. Datais captured after the Capture Trigger is satisfied and theCapture Filter allows data to be recorded, according todefined parameters.

Cc

Bb


Glossary : C Ixia p. 184

Capture Filter A set of conditions that determine whichdata is recorded in a port‘s capture buffer.

Capture Trigger A set of conditions that determines when data starts to record in a port‘s capture buffer.

Card See Load Module.

Cascading UDF A feature of the Ixia User Defined Fieldsthat allows counting to continue from previous streams.

CDMA Code Division Multiple Access. A technique used in cellular phone/data systems to allow multiple codedtransmissions on the same frequency range.

Chassis An Ixia chassis, containing a card frame into which Load Modules are plugged. A chassis also contains a processor, disk, and network adapter.

Chassis Chain Two or more Ixia chassis connectedtogether through special sync-in/sync-out cables. Load mod-ules in a chassis chain are synchronized to within 10 ns.

Checksum A value calculated from packet data, whichmay be used to guarantee the validity of received data.

Cisco Frame Relay A Cisco proprietary version ofFrame Relay.

Collision A condition that results from concurrent transmis-sions from multiple sources.

Collision Backoff An algorithm which each transmittingparty uses to determine when to attempt a retransmit in theevent of a collision.

Concurrent Clients The number of simulated clientsoperating at the same moment.

Concurrent Users See concurrent clients.

Connection A network level, end-to-end connection.

Connection Rate The rate at which new connections are made.

Cookies A memory element used by Web browsers andservers. Data is transmitted by a server back to a client,who holds that information and resubmits it as part of subse-quent requests to the same server.

CRC See Cyclic Redundancy Check.


Glossary : C – D Ixia p. 185

Cyclic Redundancy Check An error checking techniquein which the frame recipient calculates a remainder bydividing the frame contents by a prime binary divisor andcompares the calculated remainder to a value stored in the frame by the sending node.

DA See Destination Address.

Data Communication Channel (DCC) The SONETData Communication Channel (DCC) based on Bellcore (now Telcordia) GRE-253-CORE guidelines. Section DCC(SDCC) uses the D1 through D3 bytes of the Section Over-head of the SONET frame and Line DCC (LDCC) uses theD4 through D12 bytes of the Line Overhead.

Data Encryption Standard (DES) The DataEncryption Standard (DES) is a standard for a 56-Bitencryption key. See also Triple Data Encryption Standard,Advanced Encryption Standard.

Data Link Layer Layer 2 of the OSI reference model. The data link layer is concerned with physical addressing,network topology, line discipline, error notification, ordereddelivery of frames, and flow control. The IEEE divided this layer into two sublayers: the MAC sublayer and theLLC sublayer. Sometimes simply called Link Layer.

Datagram (IP) Fundamental unit of information passedacross the Internet. Contains source and destinationaddresses along with data and a number of fields thatdefine such things as the length of the datagram, the headerchecksum, and flags to indicate whether the datagram can be (or was) fragmented.

DCC See Data Communication Channel.

Default Gateway In IP routing procedures, the IPaddress of a routing device to which all packets are sentthat are not otherwise directed by a defined route.

Delay (IP) An IP header bit that indicates that the sender is interested in minimizing packet delay.

Destination Address A Data Link Layer field that indi-cates the MAC level destination of the packet.

Device Under Test (DUT) The device that is being tested.

DHCP Dynamic Host Control Protocol. DHCP provides a mechanism for allocating IP addresses dynamically so that addresses can be reused when hosts no longer need them.

Dd


Glossary : D – E – F Ixia p. 186

DNS See Domain Name System.

Domain Name System The system used in the Internet fortranslating names (URLs) of network nodes into IP addresses.

Dribble Bit Error An error condition that occurs whenadditional data follows the FCS at the end of a packet.

Duplex Mode The mode of an Ethernet port either half-duplex or full-duplex.

DUT See Device Under Test.

Egress Router In MPLS routing networks, the router bywhich the network was entered.

Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) IPSec uses two protocols to establish security services -- theAuthentication Header (AH) and Encapsulating SecurityPayload (ESP). The Encapsulating Security Payload providesconfidentiality for IP traffic, through encryption. See alsoAuthentication Header.

Error Free Seconds In POS, the number of seconds inwhich no errors were received.

Ethernet A baseband LAN specification invented by Xerox Corporation and developed jointly by Xerox, Intel,and Digital Equipment Corporation.Ethernet is similar to the IEEE 802.3 series of standards.

Farm Two or more Web servers which cooperate in the fulfillment of a Web site. See Server Farm.

FCS See Frame Check Sequence.

Filter See Capture Filter.

FIN A TCP packet with the FIN bit set. This is used by oneparty in a connection to end a TCP connection.

FIN-ACK A TCP packet with the FIN and ACK bits set. This is used in a connection to acknowledge the conclusionof a connection.

Flags (IP) A 3-bit flag of the IP header that deals with IP fragments.

FPGA Field Programmable Gate Arrays are programmableelements of the Ixia chassis and cards, downloaded byIxServer as needed.

Ff

Ee


Glossary : F – G – H Ixia p. 187

Frame A set of data formatted according to a data linkstandard, such as Ethernet or 802.3. Also referred to as a packet.

Frame Check Sequence (FCS) Extra characters addedto a frame for error control purposes. See CRC.

Frame Identity Record An Ixia port capability thatallows additional data to be inserted at the end of the data part of a packet. This data can be used to locate the sourceof the frame when the frame is received in a capture buffer.

Frame Relay A high-speed, packet-mode data com-munications protocol based on ITU-T recommendation I.122 and the link access procedure on the D channel(LAPD) specification.

Frame Size The overall size of the frame, including the FCS.

Full Duplex The ability of a communications device to both transmit and receive at the same time.

GBIC An input/output device that plugs into a GigabitEthernet port, linking the module port with the fiber optic network.

GET Rate The rate at which GET requests are made.

GET Request A statement in the HTTP protocol sent from a client to a server, requesting that the server supply a Web page identified by a URL.

Global Positioning System (GPS) The GlobalPositioning System is a series of satellites that orbit the Earthand make it possible for people with ground receivers topinpoint their geographic location. An additional benefit ofGPS is the ability to derive a very accurate timing.

GPS See Global Positioning System.

Half Duplex The characteristic of a communicationsdevice in which it can only transmit or receive data.

Hash Algorithm A hash algorithm produces a uniquefixed-length value from a variable-length message. Used tocalculate a checksum as part of IPSec encryption process.

HSA High bits of Source Address. The high order 24 bitsof an ISL packet‘s source address.

HTML Hyper Text Markup Language. The language used to compose Web pages.

Gg

Hh


Glossary : I Ixia p. 188

IBG See Inter-Burst Gap.

ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol is a network layerInternet protocol that reports errors and provides other information relevant to IP packet processing. Documented in RFC 792.

Identification (IP) An identification element of the IP header.

IEEE 802.3 IEEE LAN protocol that specifies an imple-mentation of the physical layer and the MAC sublayer of the data link layer.

IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol. Used by IPhosts to report their multicast group memberships to anadjacent multicast router.

Inter-Burst Gap (IBG) The amount of time insertedbetween multiple bursts in a stream.

Internet Key Exchange (IKE) The Internet KeyExchange protocol is used to set up the security associationsneeded for secure communication through an IPSec VPN.

Inter-Packet Gap The amount of time inserted betweenconsecutive packets in a burst.

Inter-Stream Gap The amount of time preceding eachstream in a region.

IP See IPv4 and IPv6.

IPG See Inter-Packet Gap.

IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4. The network layer proto-col in the OSI model offering a connectionless internetworkservice. IP provides features for addressing, type-of-servicespecification, fragmentation and reassembly, and security.Defined in RFC 791.

IPv6 Also known as IPNG (IP Next Generation). A numberof improvements over IPv4, including the use of 128-bit IPaddresses.

IPX Internetwork Packet Exchange. NetWare network layer(Layer 3) protocol used for transferring data from servers toworkstations.

IS See Intermediate System.

ISG See Inter-Stream Gap.

Ii


Glossary : I – J – K – L Ixia p. 189

IS-IS An OSI/IP routing technique, Intermediate System to Intermediate System, i.e., router to router.

ISL Inter-Switch Link. A protocol used to inter-connect twoEthernet switches.

IxServer A software module that resides on an Ixia chassis.

Jitter The variation of latency measurements.

K1/K2 Two control bytes used in POS APS.

L2VPN See Layer 2 Virtual Private Network.

L3VPN See Layer 3 Virtual Private Network.

Label Switched Path (LSP) In MPLS and RSVP-TE, a path through a number of routers from an ingress to anegress router that has been established through the use oflabels used in Label Switching Routers.

Label Switching Routers (LSR) In MPLS and otherlabel switching environments, routers that switch trafficbased on labels.

Latency The delay between the time a device receives a frame and the time that the frame is forwarded out thedestination port. Also, the time it takes a frame to traverse a network.

Layer 2 Virtual Private Network An emulation of a Layer 2 switching environment, supplied by a ServiceProvider for its customers, via a core network that connectscustomer sites. Ixia‘s L2VPN emulation is an add-on optionfor the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) software and simu-lates the transport of Layer 2 frames over MPLS.

Layer 3 Virtual Private Network An emulation of Layer 3 services/distribution of routes, supplied by a Service Provider for its customers, via a core network that connects customer sites. Ixia‘s L3VPN emulation is an add-on option for the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) software and simulates Provider-Provisioned VPN (PPVPN)functionality per IETF Draft RFC 2547bis.

LCP See Line Control Protocol.

Line Control Protocol (LCP) A part of the PPP protocolused to control the communications line.

Linear APS Implementation of a POS APS for an arrange-ment of nodes that are configured as a string.

JjKkLl


Glossary : L – M – N Ixia p. 190

Link State Advertisement (LSA) An element of an OSPF message that indicates the state of a router‘s link,including additional attributes.

Load Balancing A technique by which processingrequests are shared among a number of servers, so as to even the load between servers and minimize user response time. See Server Load Balancing.

Load Balancing Switch A device that implements a load balancing algorithm.

Load Module An Ixia card component which resides inan Ixia chassis and contains one or more ports.

LSA See Link State Advertisement.

LSP See Label Switched Path.

LSR See Label Switching Routers.

MAC See Media Access Control.

Magic Number A PPP negotiation feature used primarilyto detect looped connections.

Media Access Control (MAC) The data link sublayerthat is respon-ible for transferring data to and from thePhysical Layer.

MII Registers Media Independent Interface. A set ofdata registers which control the operation of the PHY.

MPLS Multi-Protocol Layered Switching. A protocol for controlling wide-area routing.

Multicast Multicast is communication between a singlesender and multiple receivers on a network.

Network Layer Layer 3 of the OSI reference model. Thislayer provides connectivity and path selection between two endsystems. The network layer is the layer at which routing occurs.

Network Mask A set of bits that indicates that part of an IP address that corresponds to the network number.

Network Node An endpoint of a network connection or a junction common to two or more lines in a network.Nodes can be processors, controllers, or workstations.Node is sometimes used generically to refer to any entitythat can access a network, and is frequently used inter-changeably with device.

Mm

Nn


Glossary : N – O – P Ixia p. 191

Network Number That part of an IP address that corre-sponds to the network being addressed. Formed by addingthe Network Mask with the IP address.

Nibble Half of a byte; four bits.

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) A set of messagingprotocols that are used by routers located within a singleAutonomous System (AS).

OSPF See Open Shortest Path First.

Packet A logical grouping of information that includes a header containing control information and user data. The terms datagram, frame, message, and segment are also used to describe logical information groupings at various layers of the OSI reference model.

Packet Groups A basic mode of Ixia ports which allowstransmitted packets to be grouped by the inclusion of an IDwithin the packet. The Ixia receive hardware then has theability to categorize latency for each distinct packet group.

Packet Over SONET (POS) The ability to include IPpackets within SONET payloads.

PHY Physical Layer entity. The PHY contains the functionsthat transmit, receive, and manage the encoded signals onthe physical medium.

Point to Point Protocol (PPP) A protocol used to establish point to point connections. Most often used indial-up connections.

Port A component of an Ixia Load Module which containsa network interface.

POS See Packet over SONET.

PPP See Point to Point Protocol.

Preamble An initial set of data preceding a packet. Bytesare of the form 0xAA and is normally 8 bytes in length.

Preamble Size The size of the preamble.

Precedence (IP) A 3-Bit field that indicates the type ofservice desired for a packet.

Protocol A formal description of a set of rules and con-ventions that govern how devices on a network exchangeinformation.

OoPp


Glossary : P – Q – R Ixia p. 192

Protocol Server An aspect of the Ixia system that allowshandling of IP to MAC mapping, BGP, OSPF, IGMP, IS-IS,RSVP, LDP, and RIP testing.

Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (PRBS) A set of repeatable data patterns that exhibits random distribu-tions of bits.

QoS See Quality of Service.

Quality of Service (QoS) A measure of performancefor a transmission system that reflects its transmission qualityand service availability. QoS flags are available in IP head-ers and may be set and measured with the Ixia system.

Receive Mode An Ixia basic mode of operation – eithercapture or packet group.

Region In the Ixia architecture, a set of related streams.

Request Reverse Option (RRO) An RSVP-TE optionthat requests that a complete list of routers be constructed byreverse message transmission.

Resource Reservation Protocol TrafficEngineering (RSVP-TE) A subset of the entire RSVPprotocol related to Traffic Engineering (TE). This protocolimplements an assignment of labels from ingress to egressrouters, with consideration for bandwidth and other QoS requirements.

Ring APS Ring APS signaling provides protection switching for bi-directional line-switched rings.

RIP Routing Information Protocol. The Internet gateway protocol supplied with UNIX BSD systems. The most commonIGP in the Internet. RIP uses hop count as a routing metric.

RIPng Routing Information Protocol Next Generation, foruse with IPv6.

RoundTrip Flows An Ixia technique by which packetsare reflected back to their source and the round trip timemeasured.

Route A path from one network element to another.

Router ID In routing protocols, a unique number associat-ed with the router. Often one of its IP addresses.

RSVP-TE See Resource Reservation Protocol TrafficEngineering.

Qq

Rr


Glossary : S Ixia p. 193

SA See Source Address.

ScriptGen An Ixia tool for generating Tcl setup scriptsfrom active port configurations.

SDK See Software Development Kit.

Section Errors A particular type of BIP Errors found or inserted in POS systems.

Security Association (SA) Before two machines canestablish an IPSec VPN tunnel and communicate securelythrough it, they must agree on the security parameters to use during communication, establishing what is called a Security Association.

Security Gateway an intermediate system, such as a router or firewall, that implements IPSec protocols for a device or network.

Server A host responding to processing requests.

Server Farm A set of servers delivering information content.

Server Load Balancing SLB switches route incomingtraffic to servers in a server farm.

SES See Severely Errored Seconds.

Session A connection between a Web client and server,which may support multiple requests and responses.

Severely Errored Seconds (SES) For POS receivedtraffic, the number of one-second periods which contains30% or more errored blocks.

SFD See Start Field Descriptor.

SLB See Server Load Balancing.

Slice Size In the Ixia architecture, the amount of datasaved in a port‘s capture buffer, per packet.

Source Address A Data Link Layer field that indicatesthe MAC level source of the packet.

Spatial Reuse Protocol A Cisco developed MAC layer protocol.

SPE See Synchronous Payload Envelope.

Split Horizon A technique used in RIP routers wherebythe RIP router does not absorb received routes into its ownrouting table.

Ss


Glossary : S – T Ixia p. 194

SRP See Spatial Reuse Protocol.

Start Field Descriptor (SFD) A single byte with a value of 0xAD that separates the preamble of a packetfrom its header.

Stream In the Ixia architecture, a set of transmitted datathat consists of a number of bursts, each burst containing a number of packets.

SYN A TCP packet with the SYN bit set. This is the start of a TCP session establishment.

SYN-ACK A TCP packet with the SYN and ACK bit set.This is the acknowledgement from the second part of thestart of communications.

Synchronous Payload Envelope (SPE) The part of a SONET frame that carries the payload data. It alsoincludes the Path Overhead, but not the Section Overheador Line Overhead.

Tcl Tool Command Language. Tcl is an interpreted programminglanguage.

TCP Transmission Control Protocol. A connection orientedtransport layer protocol that provides reliable full-duplexdata transmission. TCP is part of the TCP/IP protocol stack.

TE See RSVP-TE.

Time Stamp An element of the FIR. See Frame IdentityRecord.

Time to First Byte (TTFB) The time between a client‘strans-mission of the last byte of a GET request to the receiptof the first byte of the response from the server.

Time to Last Byte (TTLB) The time between a client‘stransmission of the last byte of a GET request to the receiptof the last byte of the response from the server.

Time to Live (IP) An element of the IP header that indi-cates how many more hops a packet is allowed to take.

TOS (IP) See Precedence (IP).

Transport Layer Layer 4 of the OSI reference model.This layer is responsible for reliable network communicationbetween end nodes. The Transport Layer provides mech-anisms for the establishment, maintenance, and terminationof virtual circuits, transport fault detection and recovery, andinformation flow control. TCP is a transport layer protocol.

Tt


Glossary : T – U – V – W Ixia p. 195

Trigger See Capture Trigger.

Triple Data Encryption Standard (Triple DES, or 3DES) The current encryption key standard for mostbusiness use, 3DES encrypts data three times with up tothree different keys.

TTFB See Time to First Byte.

TTL (IP) See Time to Live (IP).

TTLB See Time to Last Byte.

Tunnel ID In RSVP-TE, an identification of a flow within a LSP (Label Switched Path).

UDF See User Defined Fields.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) A connectionlesstransport layer protocol. UDP is a simple protocol that ex-changes datagrams without acknowledgments or guaranteeddelivery, requiring that error processing and retransmission behandled by other protocols. UDP is defined in RFC 768.

UDS See User Defined Statistics.

Unicast Communication between a single sender and a single receiver over a network.

URL The address of a file (resource) accessible on the Internet.

User Defined Fields (UDF) In the Ixia architecture,User Defined Fields can be configured in a number of ways for generating data patterns within packets.

User Defined Statistics (UDS) In the Ixia architecture,the ability of the user to define statistics based on packetcontents, errors and size.

Very Short Reach (VSR) Optical transceivers on Ixia OC192c POS ports support 850 nm VSR-1 parallel inter-faces. The OC192c POS serial data stream is modified to be carried by a cable containing 12 parallel optical fibers.

VLAN Virtual LAN. A technique by which a number ofnodes on one or more networks form a virtual network.

VSR See Very Short Reach.

Web Stress Testing The process of generating largenumbers of requests so as to determine the limits of webservers and load balancing systems.

Vv

Ww

Uu


Glossary : W – X Ixia p. 196

Web Switch A sophisticated device which performs webserver load balancing by referring to the contents of webrequests and responses.

XAUI An interface for 10 Gigabit Ethernet, defined in IEEE802.3ae. XAUI stands for ‘X‘ (the Roman numeral for ‘10‘,as in ‘10 Gigabit‘), plus ‘AUI‘ or Attachment Unit Interface.The XAUI interface can be used between two optional XGMIIExtender sublayers to extend the distance between the XGMIIinterface and the Physical Coding sublayer.

XENPAK XFP, X2, XPAK The Multi-Source Agreements(MSA) defining the standard for pluggable transceiver modules.

Xx


Sales Offices and Contact Information Ixia p. 197

Sales Offices:

Ixia Worldwide Headquarters and Western United States26601 West Agoura RoadCalabasas, CA 91302USAPhone 877 FOR IXIA (877.367.4942)International + 818.871.1800Fax 818.871.1805www.ixiacom.com

Ixia Northern California5201 Great America ParkwaySuite 306Santa Clara, CA 95054Phone 877 FOR IXIA (877.367.4942)Fax 818.871.1805

Ixia Eastern United States2530 Meridian ParkwaySuite 3000Durham, NC 27713Phone 877 FOR IXIA (877.367.4942)Fax 818.871.1805


Sales Offices and Contact Information Ixia p. 198

Ixia Canada1 Raymond StreetOttawa, ON K1R-1A2CANADAPhone 818.871.1800Fax [email protected]

Ixia Europe, Middle East, Africa and IndiaAvonbury Business ParkUnit 5Howes LaneBiscester OxfordshireOX26 2UBUNITED KINGDOMPhone +44 1869 356370Fax +44 1869 [email protected]

Ixia Asia PacificNew Shanghai International TowerSuite 26E360 Pudong Nan RoadShanghai 200120CHINAPhone + 86 21 [email protected]

Ixia Japan K.K.Aioi Sonpo Shinjuku Building 16th Floor3-25-3 Yoyogi Shibuya-KuTokyo 151-0053JAPANPhone + 81 3 5365 4690Fax + 81 3 3299 [email protected]


Trademark Information Ixia p. 199

Copyright (c) 1998-2003 Ixia. All rights reserved.

Ixia and its licensors retain all ownership rights to the IXIA 100, 400T and 1600T hardware and software and its documentation.Use of Ixia hardware and software is governed by the license agreement accompanying your original purchase. This manual, as well as the hardware and software described in it, is furnished under license and may only be used or copied in accordancewith the terms of such license. The information in this manual is furnished for informational use only, is subject to change withoutnotice, and should not be construed as a commitment by Ixia. Ixia assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccura-cies that may appear in this book. Except as permitted by such license, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without the priorwritten permission of Ixia.

Restricted Rights LegendUse, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph 14(g)(iii) at FAR52.227 and subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013.

IXIA, the Ixia logo, ANVL, IxExplorer, IxServer, IxProfile, IxActivate, IxAccess, Optixia and IxChariot are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Ixia in the United States and/or other countries.

All other companies and product names and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

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