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ChÀ- ]dªn-cp-¶Xn-§s\F¶m-Â- Ct¸m-Ä-...?-

h«ticn-Â- tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tky-m-kv-ap-dn-aäw- ]u-tem-kv- {]Ya³- Im-tXm-en-¡m- _m-h

hm-I¯m-\w- Ko-hÀ-Ko-kv- {]Ya³- Im-tXm-en-¡m -_m-hm-HutK³- {]Ya³- Im-tXm-en-¡m- _mhm-

h«¡p-t¶Â- am-Xyq-kv- {]Ya³- Im-tXm-en-¡m- _mhm-]u-tem-kv- tam-À- {Ko-tKm-dn-tbm-kv- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m-tUm-. tXm-akv- tam-À- A¯m-\m-tkym-kv,- aq-hm-äp-]p-g

bq-lm-t\m-³ tam-À- an-en-¯n-tbm-kv,- a®p-¯n-kJdn-bm-kv- tam-À- \n-t¡m-fm-thm-kv,- Atacn-¡m-

F¶n-hcpw-NÀ-¨v- ho-Iv-en- ]{Xm-[n-]cpw- hn-hn-[ Im-e§fn-Â-

Fgp-Xn-b hn-es¸« km-£y-§Ä-

{]km-[IÀ-Atým-Jym- kXy-hn-izm-k kw-c£W kan-Xn-

bp-.Fkv-.Fhn-e 10 cq-]. (U.S. $ 2.00)

kam-lcWw-

tUm-. Ip-cym-t¡m-kv- tIm-À-F¸n-kv-tIm-¸- aq-ebn-Â-

Bap-Jw-

ae¦ck`bp-sS Atým-Jy-³- _Ôw- Gäp-]dªv- ]u-tcm-lnXy-\Âhcw- {]m-]n-¨n-«p-ÅhÀ- Xs¶bm-Wv- ]n-¶o-Sv- ]cn-ip-² knw-lm-k\s¯ XÅn-¸dªXpw- A]lkn-¨Xpw-. kzm-À-°Xev-]ccm-b t\Xy-Xz-\n-cbn-ep-ÅhÀ- Xm-Â-¡m-en-Ikm-[y-̄ n-\pw- A[n-Im-c Zp-À-hn-\n-tbm-K¯n-\pw- X³-Im-cy-km-[y-¯n-\pw- thn- ssZhXn-cp-ap-¼m-sIbpw-hnip² t{Xm-tWm-kn-sâbpw,- Ip-À-_m-\bp-sSbpw- ap-¼m-sIbpw- sNbvXkXy-§sf \n-À-eÖw- XÅn-¸dbp-t¼m-Ä- aq-ey-tim-jWw- kw-`hn-¡p-¶Xv- Bßn-Icw-K¯v- {]hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶ kIecp-sSbpw- hn-iz-m-ky-Xbv¡m-Wv-.

am-À-t¯m-am- k`bp-m-¡n-b \ho-IcW¡m-À- k`m-LS\sbXÅn-¸dªXv- Ahcp-sS s{]m-«kv-äâ v- hn-izm-kt¯m-Sp-Å hn-t[bXz-¯n-em-Wv-. AXhcp-sS hn-izm-k{]Xn-_ÔXbm-bn-cp-¶p-. F¶m-Â-h«ticn-Â- Xn-cp-ta\n- ap-XÂ- \n-t¡m-fm-thm-kv- Xn-cp-ta\n-hscbp-ÅhÀ-Im-Wn-¡p-¶Xv- Bßo-Ikao-]\an-Ãm-bv-abp-sS DZm-lcW§fm-Wv-.

hn-ip-² k`bp-sS ]m-c¼cyhn-izm-k§sf ]Þn-tXm-Nn-Xam-bn-tcJs¸Sp-¯n-bn-«p-Åhcm-Wv- Chcn-Â- ]ecpw-. h«ticn-Â- Xn-cp-ta\n-bp-sS "aXkw-KXn',- tam-À- A¯m-\m-tkym-kn-sâ "CXv- hn-izm-k¯nsâIm-cyw'-,- "P\m-[n-]Xy-̄ n-eq-sS A\p-cRv-P\w?'- F¶o- Ir-Xn-Ifpw- CXn-\p-Zm-lcW§fm-Wv-. A[n-Iw- Adn-bs¸Sm-¯ asäm-cp- tcJm-km-£y-am-Wv- tam-À- \n-t¡m-fm-thm-kn-sâ h«ticn-Â- sa{Xm-¨sâ io-iv-akw_Ôn-¨ "ae¦ck`bn-se Ccp-]Xmw- \q-äm-n-se `n-¶n-¸v'- F¶teJ\w-. At±lw- ap-f´p-cp-̄ n- sshZn-Iskan-\m-cn-bn-Â- A[ym-]I\m-bn-cp-¶ Ime v̄- skan-\m-cn-bp-sS hm-À-jn-I]Xn-̧ n-Â- (1990)- Cw-¥o-jnÂ-Fgp-Xnb teJ\am-Wn-Xv-. h«ticnÂ- Xn-cp-ta\n-sb "hn-ip-²'-\m¡n-bk`bn-se t\Xr-Øm-\w- Ct¸m-Ä- Ae¦cn-¡p-¶ At±lw- \S¯n-bKthjW ]T\¯n-sâ {]_Ôw- {i²m-À-lam-Wv-.

Cu kam-lm-c¯n-se ] v̄- tcJIfp-sS {]m-[m-\yw- kw-_Ôn v̈-AXXv- Øe§fn-Â-Xs¶ kq-£v-akq-N\IÄ- \Â-In-bn-«p-v-. k`m-t{ibÊn-\m-bn- Cu Ir-Xn- kaÀ-¸n-¡p-¶p-.

25þ11þ2003 am-Xyp- G{_lmw

tcJþ1

1908þmw- Bn-se ae¦c CShI]©mwKhpw- hmI¯m-\w- _m-hm-bpw-

AÐp-Ä- av-io-lm- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- Øm-\{`ã\m¡s¸«tijw-At±l¯n-Â-\n-¶v- sa{Xm-³- Øm-\w- kzo-Icn-¡p-Ibpw- ]n-¶o-Sv-1925þÂ- AImt\m-\n-Iam-bn- Im-tXm-en-¡m- Øm-\w- kzo-Icn-¡p-Ibpw- sNbv-X _tken-tbm-kv- Ko-hÀ-Ko-kv- {]Ya³- d¼m-\m-bn-cp-¶ Im-e v̄- hmI¯m\w- Ko-hÀ-Ko-kv- d¼m-³- (hÅn-¡m-«v)- F¶v-Adn-bs¸«n-cp-¶p.

A_vv-Zp-Ä- av-io-lm- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- Øm-\{`ã\m-¡s¸«Xn-\p-tijhpw- AÐp-Åm- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-sâ \n-bam-\p-kr-X`cW¯n³- IognÂ- Po-hn-¨n-cp-¶ Hcp- k\ym-kn-bm-bn-cp-¶ At±l¯nsâ Np-aXebn-Â- {]kn²o-Icn-¨ Cu IeÀ- (]©mw-Kw)-k`m-tae[y-£X kw_Ôn-¨v- kp-hy-àam-bn- tcJs¸Sp-¯n-bn-cp-¶p-. F¶m-Â- At±lw-Xs¶ 1912þÂ- ]p-d¯m-¡s¸« ]m-{XnbÀ-¡o-kn-Â-\n-¶pw- A\[n-Ir-XØm-\w- kzo-Icn-̈ Xm-bn- Im-Wp¶p.hy-àn-Po-hn-X¯n-se kp-Ir-Xkm-£yw- k`m-km£y-am-bpw-kq£n-¡p-hm-³- km-[n-¡m-sXt]m-b hn-IeXbmWv- Chn-sS \mw-Im-Wp-¶Xv-.

Cu k`m-hn-cp-²Xsb¡p-dn-¨v- At±l¯n-sâXs¶ Hcp-ss__nÄ- hm-Iy-D²cWn- \ap-¡pw- {i²n-¡mw-.

"hn-tijn-¨pw- Rm³- \n-t¶m-Sp- ]dbp-¶p-. \o- ]m-dbmIp¶p. Cu ]m-dtaÂ- Fsâ ]Ån-sb Rm-³- ]Wn-bpw-.]m-Xm-fhm-Xn-ep-IÄ- AXn-t\m-Sp- {]_es¸Sp-Ibn-Ã.'-

FUn-äÀ-

6 ChÀ- ]dªn-cp-¶Xn-§s\...

7ChÀ- ]dªn-cp-¶Xn-§s\...



tcJþ2

]«Xz-s¯¡p-dn-¨v-h«ticn-Â- Ko-hÀ-Ko-kv- tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kv-

ae¦ck` Cu \q-äm-p- I AXp-ey-{]Xn-`bpw- alm-]Þn-X\p-am-bn-cp¶p- hµy-\m-b aev-]m-³- h«ticn-Â- Ko-hÀ-Ko-kv- Iio-im-. ae¦caev]m³-tIm-\m«v- am-¯³- tIm-À- F¸n-kv-tIm-¸m-bpw- h«ticn-Â- aev-]m-\pw- hgn-]n-cn-bm-Xn-cp-¶p-sh¦n-Â- ae¦ck`m-Ncn-{Xw- asäm-¶m-Ip-am-bn-cp-¶p-. ]«w-Bcn-Â-\n-¶pw- kzoIcn-¨p-thm- B ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-s\ {Zhym-{Kln-bm-bn-ap-{ZIp-¯n- k`m-Xeht\m-Sp-Å aÕc¯n-\p- FÃm- t{]cWbpw- \Â-In-t{]m-Õm-ln-¸n-¨Xn-sâ hn-Iekrãn-bm-Wv- C¶s¯ k`m-`n-¶Xbpw-kw`hhn-Im-k§fpw-. ]t£ At±lw- cNn-¨ "atXm-]tZikm-c§Ä-'-F¶ al¯m-b Ir-Xn- At±l¯n-\v- F¶pw- A\iz-cXzw- \Â-Ipw-.AXnse ]¯mw- A[ym-bw- ]«Xz-s¯¡p-dn-¨p-Å At±l¯n-sâ ]q-À-h\n-e]m-Sv- hy-àam-¡p-¶p-. ASn-hc FUn-äÀ- tNÀ-¯n-cn-¡p¶p. 1964 hscCu `m-K§Ä- hy-Xym-ks¸Sp-¯m-sX {]kn-²o-Icn-¨n-cp-¶p-. F¶mÂ-]n¶o-Sv- Im-tXm-en-t¡m-kv-]£w- Cu `m-Kw- Xn-cp-¯n- At±lt¯m-Spw-h©\ Im-Wn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p-. Iq-Sm-sX B\p-Im-en-Ikw-`ham-b h«ticn-Xn-cp-ta\n-bpsS hn-ip-² {]Jym-]\hp-am-bn- _Ôs¸«v- {]kn-²o-Icn-¨Hcp- hn-iZo-IcW¡p-dn-¸pw- Cu `m-K¯v- hm-bn-¡p-I.

1]«¡m-À- `q-an-¡Sp-¯p-hsc kz-À-¤¯n-\Sp-¯hcpw- ar-Kkz-`m-hn-Isf ssZhkz-̀ m-hn-Ifp-am-¡n-̄ o-À-¡p-¶Xn-\p-Å hgn-Im-«n-Ifpw2Im-Ws¸Sm-hXÃm-¯ ssZh¯n-sâ Øm-\m-]Xn-Ifpw 3Xsâk`bv-¡v- Gev-]n-¡s¸«n-cn-¡p-¶ hn-. Iq-Zm-iIsf ip-{iq-jn-¡p-¶hcpw- BIp-¶p-. 4Hcp-¯³ kz-ta[bm- X\n-¡m-bn-«v- Cu Øm-\s¯ {]m-]n-¸m-³ Ign-bp-¶XÃ. 5ssZh¯n-sâ Cã{]Imcw-1 3 A¡w- km-£n-IÄ- t\m-¡p-I.2 2 tIm-cn- 5:20 BIbm-Â- R§Ä- an-in-lm-bv-¡p- thn- Øm-\m-]Xn-

Ifm-Ip-¶p-. At¸m-tgm- ssZhw- R§sfs¡m-p- \n-§tfm-Sv- At]£n-¸n-¡p-¶ {]Im-cw- ssZht¯m-Sp- tbm-Py-Xs¸Sp-ho-³ F¶p- an-in-lm-bv-¡p- ]Icw- R§Ä- At]£n-¡p-¶p-.

3 A.{]. 6:4 R§tfm- {]m-À-°\bn-epw- hN\¯n-sâ ip-{iq-jbn-epw-ap«n-¡s¸«n-cn-¡p-¶p-.

4 F{_m.- 5:4 Altdm-³ F¶t]m-se ssZh¯m-Â- hn-fn-¡s¸Sp-¶h³AÃm-sX Bcpw- B Øm-\w- X\n-¡m-bn-«p-Xs¶ FSp-¡p-¶nÃ.

5 1 Xn-tam-. 4:14 Zo-À-LZÀ-i\¯m-epw- IÈo-ip-km-bp-sS ssIsh¸m-epw-\n-\¡p- \Â-Is¸«n-«p-ÅXm-bn- \n-¶n-ep-Å \Â-hcs¯ \o- \n-tcm-[n-¡cp-Xv-. tbm-l. 20:22,-23 A.{]. 12: 23; 2 Xo-tam- 2: 2; Xo-t¯m- 1:5.


sXcsªSp-¡s¸Sp-¶hcpw- an-in-lm-bn-Â-\n-¶p-Å ssIh¸p- hgn-bm-bn- taev-]«¡m-c\n-Â-\n-¶v- ssIsh¸p- {]m-]n-̈ hcp-am-bhÀ-¡p-am-{Xw- AXv- Ccn-¡p-¶Xm-Ip-¶p-. 6C{]Im-cap-Å ssIhbv-]pw-A\p-hm-Zhpw-Iq-Sm-sX Hcp-̄ \pw- k`bn-Â- ip-{iq-j sNbv-hm-t\m-]cky-am-bn- {]kw-Kn-¸m-t\m- A[n-Im-can-Ã. k`bp-sS ]«Xz-¯n-\Sp-̄ {][m-\ tae[n-Im-cw- Atým-Jym- knw-lm-k\¯n-t·Â-hm-gp-¶ tam-dm-³ am-À- Cám-tXym-kv- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- _m-hm- Xncp-a\Ên-te¡v- Ccn-¡p-¶Xm-Ip-¶p-. 7]«Xz-¯n-\Sp-¯hÀ- kp¶ltZm-kp-Ifm-tem- Xm-´m-§fp-sS tae[n-Im-cn-Ifm-tem- XÅs¸Sp-Itbm- ap-S¡s¸Sp-Itbm- sN¿m-Xn-cn-¡p-t¼m-Ä Atbm-Ky-·m-cm-bn-cp-¶m-epw- Ahcm-Â- ip-{iq-jn-¡s¸Sp-¶ Iq-Zm-iIfp-sSês¯¡p-dn-¨p- kw-ibn-¡tbm- Ahbn-Â- kw-_Ôn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡tbm- sNbv-hm-³ Hcp-̄ \pw- \ym-ban-Ã. 8ip-²ap-Å A`n-tjIw-Ahcn-Â- DÅXp-sIm-pw- Iq-Zm-iIÄ- an-in-lm-bp-sS \m-a¯n-Â-ip-{iq-jn-¡s¸Sp-¶hbm-IsIm-pw- Ahbp-sS êw- Ahsbip-{iq-jn-¡p-¶ ]«¡m-csâ \o-Xn-bn-Â- AÃm-bv-IsIm-pw- \ÃBćt¯m-Spw- kXy-hn-izm-kt¯m-Spw-Iq-sS Ahbn-Â- kw-_Ôn-¡p -¶hÀ-¡v - Ahbp -sS êw- e`n -¡bpw - Atbm-Ky -XtbmsS ip-{iq-jn-¡p-¶ ]«¡m-À-¡v- Ah in-£m-hn-[n-¡m-bn- Xocp-Ibpw-sN¿p-¶p-. 9F¶m-Â- tZm-jn-Ifm-bn- Is¯s¸Sp-¶hscap-St¡Xpw- ap-S¡n-bXn-sâ tijw- AhÀ- bm-sXm-cp- IqZmiIfpw- Ign-¨p-Iq-Sm-¯Xpw- i¦ Xo-À-¶p- Ign-¡p-¶htcm-Sp-Iq-sShnizm-kn-IÄ- kw-_Ôn-¨p-Iq-Sm-¯Xp-am-Ip-¶p-.

6. bn-ca- 23:21 Zo-À-LZÀ-in-am-sc Rm-³ Ab¨n-Ã. AhÀ- t]m-bn- Rm-³Ahtcm-Sp- ]dbm-sX Zo-À-LZÀ-i\w- ]dªp-.

7. a¯m-. 23: 2,-3 Xm-³ Ahtcm-Sp- ]dªp-. kt{]·m-cpw- {]o-ti·m-cpw-tam-ibp-sS knw-lm-k\¯n-t·Â- Ccn-¡p-¶p-. BIbm-Â- \n-§Ä-BNcn-¸m-\m-bn- AhÀ -\n-§tfm-Sp- ]dbp-¶ kIes¯bpw- BNcn-¸n³. F¶m-Â- Ahcp-sS {]hr-¯n-Ifn-³{]Im-cw- \n-§Ä- sN¿cp-Xv-.

8. tehy-. 21:12 F´p-sIm-s¶m-Â- Ahsâ ssZh¯n-sâ A`n-tjIssXe¯n-³In-co-Sw- AhsâtaÂ- Dv-. a¯m-. 7:22,- 23 B Znhk¯nÂ-]ecpw- Ft¶m-Sv- Fsâ IÀ-¯m-th! Fsâ IÀ-¯m-th! \n-sâ \ma¯nÂ R§Ä- Zo-À-LZÀ-i\w- ]dIbpw- \n-sâ \m-a¯n-Â-- ]n-im-Np-¡sf ]p-d¯m-¡bpw- \n-sâ \m-a¯n-Â- hfsc iàn-Isf sNbv-Ibpw-sNbv-Xn-Ãtbm- F¶p- ]dbpw-. At¸m-Ä Rm-³ Hcp-\m-fpw- \n-§sf Adn-ªn-«n-Ãm,- A\ym-bw- {]hr-¯n-¡p-¶hsc F¦-Â-\n-¶v- AI¶p-t]m-Ip-ho-³ F¶p- Rm-³ Ahtcm-Sp- Xo-À-¯p- ]dIbpw-sN¿pw-.

9. a¯m-. 18:17 Ah³ Ahscbpw- tIÄ-¡m-Xn-cp-¶m-Â- k`tbm-Sp- ]dI.F¶m-Â- Ah³ k`tbbpw- tIÄ-¡m-Xn-cp-¶m-Â- Ah³ \n-\¡p- Np¦¡m-c\pw- ]p-dPm-Xn-¡m-c\pw- F¶t]m-se Ccn-¡s«. 1 tIm-cn- 5:11.


h«ticn- Xn-cp-ta\n-bpw-hn-ip-² {]Jym-]\hpw-

ae¦ck`bp-sS B\p-Im-en-I kw-̀ hhn-Im-k§fn-Â- Gsd hnhm-Z§Ä- kr-ãn-¡m-hp-¶Xpw- Zq-chym-]Iam-b kzm-[o-\§Ä- Dfhm-¡p-hm-³- ]cym-]v-Xam-bXp-am-b Hcp- kw-`ham-Wv- s^{_p-. 24þ\v-Im-tXm-en-t¡m-kv-]£ t\Xr-Xzw- \S¯n-b h«ticn-Â- Xn-cp-ta\n-bp-sS hn-ip-² ]Zhn- {]Jym-]\w-. Ahn-`à ae¦ck`bn-Â-1908þÂ- AÐp-Å ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-\mÂ- bdp-itean-Â- h v̈- sa{Xm-`n-tjIw- {]m-]n-¨ h«ticn-Â- tam-À- Zoh¶m-tkym-kv- ae¦ck`bv¡v- BIam-\w- A`n-am-\am-bn-cp-¶ ]Þn-Xm-t{Kkc\pw- {KÙIm-c\pw- sshZn-Isc A`y-kn-¸n-¨n-cp¶ A[ym-]I\p-am-bn-cp-¶p.At±l¯n-sâ ]m -Þn-Xy -s¯ ap -³ -\nÀ¯n- ]cn -ip -²AtýmJym- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- _m-hm- "ae¦c aev-]m-³-'- F¶]Zhn-bpw- \Â-In- BZcn-¨n-cp-¶p-. s{]m-«kv-äâ v- \ho-IcWkzm[o\w- ae¦cbn-Â- BªSn-¨t¸m-Ä- k`sb HmÀ-¯tUm-Ivkv- hn-izm-k]m-c¼cy-¯n-Â- \n-e\n-À-¯p-hm-³- ]Þn-tXm-Nn-Xam-bn- t\Xr-{Xzw- \Â-In-b alm-ßm-hm-Wt±lw-. "a-tXm-]tZikm-c§Ä-'- F¶t]cn-Â- At±lw- Fgp-Xn-b km-ch¯mb {KÙ¯n-Â- hn-izm-khn-iZo-IcWw- kw-£n-]v-Xam-bn- t{Im-Uo-Icn-¨n-cn¡p-¶p-. At±l¯n-sâ k`m-hn-Úm-\o-b¯n-se ]mÞnXyw-shfn-hm-¡p-¶ Ir-Xn-bm-Wn-Xv-.

taÂ-¸dª ]iv-Nm-¯e§fn-Â- h«ticn-Â- Xn-cp-ta\n-sbBZcn-̈ v- Aw-Ko-Icn-¡p-hm-³- ae¦ck`bn-se Ccp-hn-̀ m-K¯n-\pw-C¶pw- _m-[y-Xbp-v-. AXp-sIm-m-Wv- bm-t¡m-_m-bk`bpw-k¬-tUkv-Iq-Ä- ¢m-kp-Ifn-Â- At±l¯n-sâ Ir-Xn- ]m-Ty-hnjb§fn-Â- B{ib{KÙam-bn- Ct¸m-gpw- D]tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xv-. F¶mÂ-AXn-\¸p-dam-bn- Im-tXm-en-t¡m-kv- ]£w- At±ls¯ hn-ip²]Zhn-bn-te¡p-bÀ-¯p-¶Xv- ]e Im-cW§fm-Â- Akzo-Im-cy-hpw-A\p-Nn-Xhp-am-sW¶v- Nq-n-¡m-Wn-t¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p-. N§\m-ticn- tI{µam-bn- {]hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶ tam-À- BZm-bn- ]T\tI{µw-\S¯n-b A]{KY\¯n-Â- Xm-sg¸dbp-¶ kw-KXn-IÄ- Ccp-


kÌfp-sSbpw- ]cn-KW\bv-¡pw- ]T\¯n-\p-am-bn- kaÀ-¸n-¡p-hm³- ip-]m-À-i sNbv-Xp-.

1. Ahn-`à ae¦ck`bn-se Hcp- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m-sbhn-ip-² ]Zhn-bn-te¡p-bÀ-¯p-t¼m-Ä- Ccp-]£¯n-\pw- kzo-Im-cy-am-b hn-[¯n-Â- \S]Sn-IÄ- kzo-Icn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-¶Xv- thZ\m-P\Iam-Wv-. {]tXy-In-¨v- k` H¶m-bn- sa{Xm-³- Øm-\t¯¡v-sXcsªSp-¯v- Atým-Jym- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-sâ kao-]¯v-Ab v̈- hm-gn-¡s¸« BÄ- B hn-[¯n-Â- kzo-Im-cy-\m-bn-cn-t¡Xm-Wv-.

2. ae¦ck` ̀ cWkw-hn-[m-\¯n-Â- C¶pw- Atým-Jym-]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- Bßn-I ]c-am-[y-£\pw- `cWLS\m-]cam-bn-"Im-tXm-en-t¡m-kn-s\ hm-gn-¡p-hm-³-'- AhIm-is¸« Øm-\n-bp-am-Wv-. Hcp- Im-tXm-en-¡m-Øm-\n-bn-epw- D]cn-Øm-\am-bn- {]Jym-]n-¡s¸Sp-¶ "hn-ip-²'- Øm-\w- Hcm-Ä-¡v- \Â-Ip-t¼m-Ä- k`m-[y-£\p-am-bn- ]cym-tem-Nn-̈ n-«n-Ã F¶Xv- KÀ-lWo-bam-b sXäm-Ibm-Â- Cu \S]Sn-bn-Â-\n-¶pw- Im-tXm-en-t¡m-kv- ]£w- ]n-·m-tdn-bn-cp-¶p-.

3. "Atým-Jym- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- Bßn-IXeh\m-bp-Åk`bp-sS ̀ m-Kam-Wv- ae¦ck`'- F¶v- _. kp-{]ow-tIm-SXn- hn[n-{]Jym-]n-¨n-cn-t¡ BIam-\k`bp-sS Aw-Ko-Im-can-Ãm-¯ Cu{]hr-¯n- \n-ba]cam-bn- km-[q-IcWan-Ãm-¯Xm-Wv-.

4. Chbv-s¡m-s¡ A¸p-dam-bn- "hn-ip-²]Zhn'-¡v-v - AÀ-lXbn-Ãm-¯ At\I{]hÀ-¯\§Ä-sIm-v- At±lw-Xs¶kzbw- Atbm-Ky-X sXfn-bn-¨n-«p-ap-v-. ]cp-ae Xn-cp-ta\n-tbm-tImXaw-Ke¯v- _m-hm-tbm- aª\n-¡c _m-hm-tbm- hn-`m-Ko-bXbv-¡¸p-dam-bn- P\lr-Zb§fn-Â- t\Sn-bn-«p-Å hn-ip-²]Zhn-bp-sS kzo-Im-cy-X h«ticn-Â- Xn-cp-ta\n-¡n-Ãm-¯Xv- At±lw-k`bn-se ̀ n-¶Xbp-sS Im-cW¡m-c\m-bn-cp-¶p- F¶Xp- am-{XaÃhn-ip-² ]Zhn- kw-_Ôam-bn- P\lr-Zb¯n-se am-\ZÞ§Ä¡p- tNcm-¯ At\Iw- Im-cy-§Ä- At±ls¯¡p-dn-¨v-adn¨p- sXfn-hp-IÄ- \Â-Ip-¶p- F¶Xm-Wv-.

5. sI.kn-. am-½³- am-¸n-f kz-´w- A\p-`hw- ]dbp-¶Xv-{i²n-¡p-I. ""....Fsâ Xebv-¡p- ao-sX... {]Xnjv-Tn-¡p-hm-³- aev]m-\¨³- (h«ticn-Â- Xn-cp-ta\n)- AWn-bdbn-Â- thjw- sI«n-¨p-sIm-p-h¶ Bfm-Wv- ]n-.än-. Ko-hÀ-Ko-kv- si½m-i³-... aev-]m-\¨sâ \bX{´]csa¦n-epw- kp-\n-iv-Nn-Xhpw- \n-À-Zm-£n-Wy-hp-am-b NXp-cw-Kt¸m-cv- F{Xam-{Xw- A\`n-am-\Ichpw- a\x-]oUIchp-am-bn-cp-¶p- F¶v-- hn-hcn-¡m-hp-¶XÃ.''- Im-tXm-en-t¡m-kv-


]£¯n-sâ ià\m-b hàm-hm-bn-cp-¶ am-½³ am-̧ n-fbv-¡v- a\x-]o-U Dfhm-¡n-b kw-`hw- I£n-Xm-ev-]cy-¯n-Â- £´hy-am-sW¦n-epw- hn-ip-² ]Zhn-¡v- Akzo-Im-cy-X Xs¶bm-Wv-. (sI.kn.am-½³- am-¸n-fbp-sS kv-acWIfn-Â- \n-¶pw- CkUv- Fw-. ]m-td«v-"h«ticn-Â- am-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kv'- F¶ {KÙ¯n-Â- D²cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xv- t]Pv- 36þ37)-.

6. 1919þÂ- Xr-iq-À- Pn-Ãm-tIm-SXn-bn-Â- sIm-Sp-¯ Hcp- sam-gn-bn-Â- h«ticn-Â- Xn-cp-ta\n- kXy-¯n-t·Â- km-£y-sam-gn- sImSp-¯n-cn-¡p-¶Xn-{]Im-cam-Wv-. bdp-itean-Â- sa{Xm-`n-tjIw- {]m]n-¨t¸m-Ä- Xebn-Â- ssIh¨v- {]m-À-°n-¨Xv- AÐp-Åm- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- BsW¶v- hn-izm-kw- am-{Xtabp-Åp- \n-iv-Nban-sÃ¶m-tWm-]dbp-¶Xv- F¶ tNm-Zy-¯n-\v- adp-]Sn- ""\n-iv-Nban-Ã F¶Ã,-ImWm-³- km-[n-¨n-Ã F¶m-Wv''- D¯cw-. Øm-\kzo-IcW kab¯v- {][m-\ Im-À-½n-Isâ ap-¼n-Â- ap-«p-Ip-¯n- in-ckv- \an-¨p-\n-Â-¡p-¶ hy-àn-¡v- ""Im-Wm-³- km-[n-̈ n-Ã''- F¶ ""bp-àn''- kXy-am-sW¦n-epw- hn-ip-²n-bp-sS \n-dhn-Â-\n-¶Ã ]p-ds¸Sp-¶Xv-. CXn\v-\n-ba]cam-b kq-{X_p-²n- F¶tÃ t]cp-hn-fn-t¡Xv- (ap-³-IrXn-t]Pv- 69)-.

7. 1908þÂ- sa{Xm-³-Øm-\w- \Â-In-b ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv-Xs¶1911þÂ- At±ls¯ k`m-{`ã\m-bn- {]Jym-]n-¨p- F¶Xv- Ncn{X]cam-b Hcp- hkv-Xp-Xbm-Wv-. 1931þÂ- acW¯n-\p-ap-¼v- ]n-³-Km-an-bm-b ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- ap-S¡p-Xo-À-¯p- Iev-]\ ]p-ds¸Sp-hn-¨p-F¦n-epw- ap-S¡s¸«Xn-\p-tijw- "At±lw- hn-ip-² Ip-À-_m-\AÀ-¸n-¡m-sX Ip-sd\m-Ä- Ccp-¶p'- F¶v- Po-hNcn-{XIm-c\m-b]m-td«v- t]Pv- 464þÂ- ]dbp-¶p-v-. Ip-td¡m-et¯¡m-sW¦n-epw-k`m-{`ã\m-¡s¸« hy-àn-sb "hn-ip-²\m-bn'- {]Jym-]n-¡p-¶Xv-(At±lw-t]m-epw- kz-bw- Aw-Ko-Icn-¨n-cp-¶ Im-cyw)- F{Xtbm-A\p-Nn-Xam-Wv-.

8. Iq-«p-{Skv-än-bpw- ae¦caev-]m-\p-am-bn-cp-¶ tIm-\m-«v-am¯³- tIm-À-F¸n-kv-t¡m-̧ m-bp-sS ]p-d¯n-\n-«v- ITn-\am-bn- ASn-¨Xpw- AXv-am-b {]ap-J\m-b kn-. sP. Ip-cy-³- CSbv-¡p- Ibdn-bXp-am-b kw-`hhpw- CkUv- Fw-. ]m-td«v- t]Pv- 416,- 417þÂ- {]Xn]m-Zn-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶p-. hn-iZo-IcWw- Bhiy-an-Ãm-̄ Cu kw-̀ hs¯¡p-dn-¨v- hm-b\¡m-À- Nn-ń-¡p-I.

9. Ip-{]kn-²\m-b B\¸m-¸n-sbt¸m-sem-cp- "Aw-Kc£Is\'- ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn-Â- Iq-sS Xm-akn-̧ n-¡p-Ibpw,- Abm-fpsSieyw- kln-¡h¿m-sX skan-\m-cn-bn-Â-\n-¶v- klsa{Xm-t¸m-eo¯m- Bbn-cp-¶ ]u-tem-kv- tam-À- Iq-dn-tem-kv- Xn-cp-ta\n-


]mW¼Sn-]Ån-bn-te¡p- Xm-akw- am-tdn-h¶ ]iv-Nm-¯ew-krãn-¡p-¶Xn-\v- t\Xr-Xzw- \Â-Ip-Ibpw- sNbv-XXv- "hn-ip-²]Zhn¡v'- `q-jWaÃ.

10. kÀ-thm-]cn- hn-ip-²·m-sc {]Jym-]n-¡p-¶ ]Xn-hv- HmÀ-¯tUm-Iv-kv- ]m-c¼cy-§fn-Ã. A\p-`h§Ä-sIm-v- hn-ip-²·m-cm-bn-̄ o-cp-¶hsc B co-Xn-bn-Â- k` BZcn-¡p-Ibm-Wv- sN¿pI.h«ticn-Â- Xn-cp-ta\n-¡v- A{]Im-cw- kzo-Im-cy-X Ds¦n-Â- {]Jym-]\¯n-sâ Bhiy-IXbn-Ã. A§s\bm-Ip-t¼m-Ä- {]Jym-]n-¨mepw- Akzo-Im-cy-Xbpw- Dm-In-Ã. adn-¨v- bm-sXm-cp- {]tbm-P\hpw- CÃm-¯ {]Jym-]\w- hgn- A]lm-ky-cm-Ip-¶Xv- kq-£n-¡p-hm-³- _Ôs¸«hÀ- {i²n-¡Ww-.


tcJþ3

ap-dn-aäw- tam-À- Cuhm-\n-tbm-kn-sâHcp- Iev-]\

ap-dn-aäw- ]u-tem-kv- tam-À- Cuhm-\n-tbm-kv- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m- 1876þÂ- ].]m{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- _mhm-bn-Â-\n-¶pw- taev-]«Øm-\w- Gäv- I\m-Sv- ̀ {Zmk\¯nsâ A[n-]\m-bn-cp-¶v- Zo-À-LIm-ew- `cn-¨tijw- hm-À-²Iy-¯n-Â-`cWNp-aXebpw-hn-«v- kz-Ø\m-bn-cp-¶ Im-e¯m-Wv- 1912þÂ- k`m-{`ã\m-¡s¸« AÐp-Ä- av-iolm- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- h¶t¸m-Ä- \n-cW¯p-h¨p-\S¶ NS§n-Â- Im-tXm-en-¡m- Bbn- \n-tbm-Kn-¡s¸«Xv-. ̀ cW¯n-em-bn-cp-¶t¸m-Ä- Cu Øm-\w- Bhiy-s¸Sp-¶h³- i]n-¡s¸«h\m-bn-cn-¡p-w-F¶v- Iev-]\ Fgp-Xn-b BÄ- Øm-\{`w-i\m-bt¸m-Ä- ae¦ck`bnse`cWkan-Xn-bp-sStbm- ̀ cWNp-aXebp-Å sa{Xm-·m-cp-sStbm- apS¡s¸«n-cp-¶p-sh¦n-epw- h«ticn-Â- Xn-cp-ta\n-bp-sSt]m-ep-tam- km-¶n-[y-klIcWw-Iq-Sm-sXbm-Wv- Cu AIm-t\m-\n-I IÀ½w- \n-À-hln-̈ Xv-. _tken-tbm-kv- ]u-tem-kv- {]Ya³- F¶v- t]cv- hnfn¡s¸« Ct±lw- Hcp- hÀ-j¯n-\Iw- Im-eKXn- {]m-]n-¨p-.

1911þÂ- Im-t\m-\n-I ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- tam-dm-³- tam-À- AÐp-ÅZznZob³- _m-hm- ae¦cbn-Â- aq-tdm-³- Iq-Zm-b \S¯n-bt¸m-gpw- [\kam-lcW¯n-\p- t\Xr-Xzw- sIm-Sp-¯Xpw- Iq-sS \n-¶Xpw- Ct±lam-Wv-. Cutbm-K¯n-em-Wv- h«ticn-Â- Xn-cp-ta\n-¡p-]Icw- tam-À- Iq-dn-tem-kv- Xn-cp-ta\n- ae¦c sa{Xm\mbn- sXcsªSp¡s¸«Xv-. GXm-\pw- am-k§Ä-Ign-ªt¸m-Ä- ]q-À-hn-IBib§tfm-Spw- k`m-LS\tbm-Spw- hn-t[bXz-an-Ãm-sXbpw- ]q-À-hm-]chncp²am-bpw- Øm-\w- kzo-Icn-¨ Ct±lw- 1911þÂ-Fgp-Xn-b Hcp- kÀ-¡p-eÀ- Iev-]\ {it²bam-Wv-. hm-bn-¡p-I.

""hn-ip-² ]n-Xm-hm-b tam-dm-³ tam-À- Cám-tXym-kv- (AÐp-Åm)-]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kp- _m-hm- Xn-cp-a\Ên-se Iev-]\{]Im-cw- tam-À-Cuhm-\n-tbm-kp- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m-bn-Â-\n-¶v-.

(ap-{Z)-\½p-sS ]Ån-¡m-À-¡p- ssZh¯n-Â-\n-¶p- hm-gv-hpw- A\p-

{Kl§fpw- Dm-bn-cn-¡s«.

hn-ip-² ]n-Xm-hn-sâ (hn-. AÐ-Åm- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kp- _mhm-bp-sS)- Iev-]\{]Im-chpw- A²y-£Xbn-epw- Cu IÀ-¡n-SIamkw-15þmw- Xo-bXn-- shÅn-bm-gv-N Icn-§m-{i ]Ån-bn-Â- Iq-Sn-b tbmK


¯n-Â- hn-. aq-tdm-³Iq-Zm-i aebmfw-IW¡n-Â- ASp-¯ Nn-§w-3þmw- Xo-bXn-- Iq-Sm-cs¸cp-¶m-fn-Â- ap-f´p-cp-̄ n- ]Ån-bn-Â-sh¨pw-ae¦c CShIbpsS FÃm- ]Ån-{]Xn-]p-cp-j·m-cp-sS s]m-Xp-tbmKw- ASp-¯ Nn-§w- 14þmw- Xo-bXn-- kp-dn-bm-\n-¡W¡n-Â-Nn§w- 17þmw- Xo-bXn-- _p-[\m-gv-N apXÂ- Bep-hm- Xr-¡p-¶¯p-skan-\m-cn-bn-Â- h¨pw- \S¯¯¡ h®w- \n-iv-Nbn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.F¶m-Â-,- Bep-hm- skan-\m-cn-¡v- {Zhy-iàn-bn-Ãm-¯Xp-sIm-v-]Ån-¡m-cp-sS klm-bw- Iq-Sm-sX Ahn-sSsh¨p- s]m-Xp-tbm-Kw-\S¯p-hm-³ {]bm-kap-s¶p- ImWp-Ibm-Â- sI«n-Sw- ap-Xem-bh sI«n-bp-m-¡p-¶Xn-\pw- hnip² ]n-Xm-hn-sâbpw- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-̄ ·m-cp-sSbpw- sNehn-te¡p-am-bn- 5 cq-]m-bn-Â- Ihn-bm-sXbpw-2 cq-]m-bn-Â- Ip-sdbm-sXbpw- ]Ån-Ifp-sS Xm-cXayw- A\p-kcn-¨p-Å kw-Jy- Iev-]\ Ab¨p- ]Ån-Ifn-Â-\n-¶p- hcp-̄ Wsa¶pw-AXn-te¡v- FÃm- ]Ån-Ifn-te¡pw- Fgp-Xn- Abbv-¡p-¶Xp-Iev]\¸Sn- \mw- Xs¶ Bbn-cn-¡Wsa¶pw- Sn-. tbm-Kw- \n-ivNbn-¡p-Ibpw- hn-ip-² ]nXmhp- \t½m-Sp- Iev-]n-̈ v- \s½ Np-aXes¸Sp-¯p-Ibpw- sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶p-. s]m-Xp-tbm-K¯n-sâ \S¯n-̧ n-te¡p-Sn-. skan-\m-cn-bn-Â- th GÀ-¸m-Sp-IÄ- sNbvhm-³ \½p-sSktlm-Zc³ _. tam-À- A¯m-\m-tkym-kp- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m-AhÀ-Isfbpw- At±l¯n-sâ BÚm-\p-kcWw- {]hÀ-¯n-¸m³ thsd Nnescbpw- \n-iv-Nbn-¨n-«p-v-. BIbm-Â- B ]Ån-bn-te¡p-þcq]m- hcn- \nivNbn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p-. B cq-]m- þ CuIev]\Im-ep-Ss\ Bep-hm-skan-\m-cn-bn-Â- _. tam-À- A¯m-\m-tkym-kp- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m- AhÀ-Ifp-sS ASp-¡Â- A©Â-am-À-¤tam- X]m-Â- am-À-¤tam-,- BÄ-hitam- F¯n-̈ p-sIm-Sp-¡bpw-thWw-. kÀ-Æià\m-b ssZh ̄ n-sâ Ir-]bpw- A\p-{Kl§fpw-kZm- \n-§tfm-Sp-Iq-sS Dm-bn-cn-¡s«,-

F¶v- 1911 IÀ-¡SIw- 18þmw- Xo-bXn- 1086 IÀ-¡SIw- 16þmw-Xo-bXn- Icn-§m-{i ]Ån-bn-Â-\n-¶v-!

(H¸v)-

(CXn-Â- Io-gv-hcbn-«n-cn-¡p-¶Xv- {KÙIÀ-¯m-hm-Wv)-.


tcJþ4HutK³- _m-hm-bp-sS kXy-{]Xn-Ú

Ip-dn-¸v-: 1964 sabv- 22þmw- Xn-bXn- tIm-«b¯v- ]. bm-¡q-_v- Xr-Xo-b³ ]m{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- _m-hm-bp-sS {][m-\ Im-À-½n-IXz-̄ n-Â- \S¶ HutK³ {]Ya³-_m-hm-bp-sS Øm-\m-tcm-la¯n-sâ Nn-e Nn-{X§Ä-. AtýmJym- ]m{XnbÀ-¡o-kv- hm-gv-Nbn-Â klIcn-̈ p-F¶pw- aäpw- ]n-¶o-Sv- ̀ m-hn-¡p-Ibpw- Fgp-Xp-Ibpw- sNbv-Xhcp-sS hm-Z§sf \n-cÀ°Iam-¡p-¶hbm-Wv- Cu Nn-{X§Ä. HutK³- _m-hm- Fgp-Xn- hm-bn-¨v- ]. ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- _mhmbv¡p-kaÀ-¸n-¨ {]Xn-Úm-]{Xw- ASp-¯ t]Pn-Â- hm-bn-¡p-I. HutK³- _mhm-]n-¶o-Sv- kzo-Icn-¨ \S]Sn-Ifpw- AhIm-ihm-Z§fpw- Xm-cXayw- sN¿p-I.

shÅ¡p-¸m-bhpw-,- tim-i¸bpw- [cn-¨p-sIm-v,- ]. Atým-Jym-]m{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kp ka£w- hn-t[bXzw-- {]Jym-]n-¨p-sIm-v-HutK³- ImtXmen¡m- _m-hm -iÂ-aq-Êm- hm-bn v̈- kXy-{]XnÚsN¿p-¶p- (22þ5þ1964)-. kXy-{]Xn-Úm- hm-NI§Ä- ASp-¯t]Pn-Â- Im-Wp-I. ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv-/Im-tXm-en-t¡m-kv- hm-gv-NIfnÂ-shÅ¡p-¸m-bhpw- XebnÂ- tim-i¸m-bpw- [cn-¡p-¶ ]Xn-hn-Ã.Im-¸bpw- Aw-ihkv-{X§fpw- [cn¨p- \n-¶p-sIm-m-Wv- taev-]«¡m-cs\ ]ctam-¶XØm-\§fn-te¡p- hmgn-¡p-¶Xv-. lq-ZmbIm-t\m-³- 7:3 Â- lq-Zm-b F¶ Xes¡«nÂ- ]dbp¶Xv- “F¸n-kv-

1. A

he

w-_w-: a

eb

m-f a

t\m-c

a 196

4 sab

v- 27.


tIm-¸m- Im-tXm-en-¡m-Øm-\¯n-t\m- ]m-{XnbÀ-¡m-kv-Ym-\¯nt\m- ASp-̄ p-hcn-Isbm,- Im-tXm-en-¡m- ]m-{Xn-bÀ¡m-Øm\¯nt\m- ASp-̄ p-hcn-Itbm- BsW¦n-Â- Abm-Ä- ap«p-Ip-t¯Bhiy-an-Ã. Øm-\hkv-{Xw- [cn-¨p-sIm-v- aZv-_lm- ap-¼m-sI\n-¶mÂ aXn-bm-Ip-¶Xm-Wv-.*” Cu ip-{iq-jbn-Â- {]tXy-IXhfsc {i²m-À-lamWv.

*lq-Zm-b Im-t\m-³-,- bm-¡q-_v- tam-À- bq-en-tbm-kv- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯ (]cn-`m-jI³),- skan-\m-cn- ]_v-fn-t¡j³-kv,- ap-f´p-cp-¯n. t]Pv- 71 (1994)-

]. Atým-Jym- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kp- _m-hm-bn-Â-\n-¶pw- Im-tXm-en-¡m- ]«w-kzoIcn¡p¶Xn-\m-bn- Hu-tK³ tam-À- Xo-tam-¯n-tbm-kv- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo¯-shÅ Ip-¸m-bhpw- XebnÂ- tim-i¸m-bpw- -[cn-¨psIm-v- 1964 tabv- 22þmw-Xo-¿Xn- tIm-«bw- Fw.Un. skan-\m-cn- ]Ån- aZv-_lmbnÂ.

HutK³ Xo-tam¯n-tbm-kn-s\ Im-tXm-en-¡m-bm-bn- ]. Atým-Jym- ]m{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- _m-hm- ]«w- sIm-Sp-¡p-¶ asäm-cp- cw-Kw-.

2.

3.


10.1)- k`m-hm-À-¯IÄ- 1973 February 9 (Good Hope Printers, Kottayam)10.2)- Illustrated weekly of India, Vol. XLVI 51 (December 21-27, 1975)

HutK³- _m-hm-bp-sSkXy-{]Xn-Úm-hm-NIw-

“ImtXm-en-¡m- Øm-\t¯¡v- sXcsªSp-¡s¸«n-cn-¡p¶_elo\\pw- Ffn-bh\p-am-b HutK³ tam-À- Xo-tam-¯n-tbm-kv-F¶ Rm-³ ]cn-ip-² aZv-_lm-bp-sS ap-¼m-sIbpw- Cu kp¶ltZm-knsâ ap¼m-sIbpw- Cu kp-¶ltZm-kn-sâ Xeh\m-bAtým-Jym-bp-sSbpw- ]uckv-Xy-tZiw- ap-gp-hsâbpw- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-km-b \n-Zm-́ hµy- Zn-hy- alm-aln-a {io- tam-dm-³ tam-À- Cám-tXym-kv- bm-¡q-_v- XrXo-bsâ ap¼m-sIbpw- Fsâ Xeh³ ]m{Xn-bÀ-¡o-km-sW¶pw- ]cn-ip² iv-fo-l·m-cp-sS Xeh\m-b tam-À-]t{Xm-kv- ap-XÂ- A§v- hscbp-Å A§bpsS ]. knwlm-k\¯n-Â- hm-Wn-«p-Åhcpw- At§bv-¡p -tijw- C\n- hm-gp-¶hcp-amb FÃm- Im-t\m-\n-I ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-k·m-scbpw- kzo--Icn-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶p-sh¶pw,- Rm-³- hniz-kn-¨v- Gäp-]dbp-¶p.Atým-Jym-bp-sS ]cn-ip-² knw-lm-k\hp-am-bp-Å Fsâ_Ôw- Hcn-¡Â- Iq-Sn- Rm-³- Gäp- ]dbp-¶p-. Cu kXy-{]Xn-Úbn-Â-\n-¶v- Hcp-\mfpw- Rm-³- hn-«p-t]m-Ip-¶XsÃ¶v- CXn-\mÂ-ssZhXn-cp-ap¼msI `àn-]p-ckcw- BWbn-«p- ]dbp¶p.” 10.1�

“I the feeble and meek Ougen Mor Themothios, chosen forecclesiastical office of the Catholicose, confess my belief before thissynod and before the Head of this synod, H.H. Moran Mor IgnatiusYacob III, Patriarch of Antioch and all the East, that the Patriarch ismy Head, that I accept from St. Peter the Head of the Holy Apostlesupto your Holiness all the canonical Patriarchs who have reigned onYour Holiness’s throne and all those who come after Your Holiness.Once again, I repeat my canonical connection with the Holy throneof Antioch. I swear that I shall not depart from this solemn Oath.”10.2


tcJþ5

k`bp-sS DbÀ-¨bv-¡p-thn- kÀ-ÆIgn-hpw-kaÀ-¸n-¡pw: \n-bp-à Im-tXm-en-¡m-

h«¡p-t¶Â- am-Xy-kv- {]Ya³- Im-tXm-en-¡m- _m-hm-sb XÂ-Øm-\t¯¡p- sXcsªSp-̄ 1970 Un-kw-_À- 31þmw- Xo-bXn- At±lw- \S¯nb{]kwKhpw- "aebm-f at\m-ca'- dn-t¸m-À-«pw- {]tXy-Iw- {i²m-À-lam-Wv-.{]kv-Xp-X hm-Kv-Zm\§Ä- \n-e\n-À-¯p-hm-³- _m-hm-bv-t¡m- "at\m-ca'-kmcYn-bp-sS ]n-³-Km-an-t¡m- km-[n-̈ n-sÃ¶Xv- ae¦ck`bp-sS Zu-À-̀ mKyw-F¶Ãm-sX F´p- ]dbp-hm-³!

tIm-«bw,- Un-kw-_À- 31ssZh¯n-Â- B{ibn-¨p-sIm-p- Xsâ kÀ-hIgn-hp-Ifpw-

ae¦c kp-dn-bm-\n- k`bp-sS D¶a\¯n-\p-thn- kaÀ-¸n-¡p-¶Xm-sW¶p- \n-bp-à Im-tXm-en-¡m- am-Xyq-kv- am-À- A¯m-\m-tkym-kv- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m- {]Jym-]\w- sNbv-Xn-cn-¡p-¶p-.

\n-bp-à Im-tXmen-¡m-bm-bn- C¶p- sXcsªSp-¡s¸«amXyqkv- am-À- A¯\m-tkym-kv- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m- sXcsªSp-¸n-\p-tijw- A\p-tam-Z\§Ä-¡p- adp-]Sn- ]dbp-Ibm-bn-cp-¶p-.--

`n-¶X \n-ehn-en-cp-¶ Im-eL«¯n-Â- cp- ssIhgn-Ifn-embn- Xn-cn-ªv- Hgp-In-btijw- ho-pw- H¶m-b Hcp- \Zn-tbm-Sv-\n-bp-à ImtXm-en-¡m- ae¦ck`sb D]an-̈ p-. cp- hn-̀ m-K§fn-sebpw- Im-ew sNbv-X sa{Xt¸meo-¯m-·m-sc Hcp- k`bn-sesa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯·m-cm-bn-«-Ãm-sX X\n-¡p- Im-Wm-³- Ign-ªn-«n-sÃ¶v- At±lw- ]dªp-.-

1969þÂ Xm-³- AtýmJybn-se¯n- ]. ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kp-_m-hm-bp-sam¶n-̈ p- Xm-akn-̈ Xpw- ku-lr-Z\n-À-̀ cam-b kzo-IcWw-e`n-¨Xpw- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯ A\p-kv-acn-¨p-.--

ae¦ck`bp-w - Atým-Jy-³- k`bpw- X½n-ep-Å_Ôhpw- kulr-Zhpw- ]p-eÀ-̄ p-¶Xn-\p- Ign-hp-ÅsXÃmw- sN¿p-sa¶pw sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m- {]kv-Xm-hn-¨p-.-*

* Cu {]kv-Xm-h\bp-sS A´x-k¯bn-Â- Dd¨p-\n-Â-¡p-hm-³- At±l¯n\p-km-[n-¨n-sÃ¶Xv- ae¦ck`bp-sS \n-À-`m-Kyw- F¶Ãm-sX F´p- ]dbp-hm-³-!


I®n-se Ir-jv-WaWn-ae¦ck`sb Ir-jv-WaWn-sbt¸m-se Xm-³- kv-t\ln-¡p-sa¶pw-k`bp-sS ]p-tcm-KXn-¡v- H¶mw- Øm-\w- \Â-Ip-sa¶pw- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo¯m- ]dªp-.

k` B²ym-ßn-Iam-bn- tam-iam-b \n-ebn-eÃ F¶Xm-WvHcp- hm-¡p-t]m-epw- FXn-cm-bn- D¨cn-¡m-sX C¶p- \S¶Atkmkn-tbj³- hy-àam-¡p-¶sX¶pw- CsXm-cp alm-kw-`h-am-sW¶pw- At±lw- {]kv-Xm-hn-¨p-.

\n-bp-à Im-tXm-en-¡m-sbbpw- ]p-Xn-b am-t\Pnw-Kv- I½än-AwK§sfbpw- A\tpam-Zn-¨p-sIm-pw- AhÀ- tNt¿ Nn-eImcy-§Ä- Ahsc A\p-kv-acn-¸n-¨p-sIm-pw- \n-cWw- `{Zm-k\¯n-sâ tXm-½m- am-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kv- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-̄ , sshZnI{Skv-än- sh. dh. än. Fkv-. G{_lmw- tIm-À-F¸n-kv-tIm-̧ ,- aebmfat\m-ca No-̂ v- FUnäÀ- sI. Fw-. sNdn-bm-³-,- ]n-.Fkv-.än-.F.bpsS{]kn-Uâp-Iq-Sn-bm-b {io.- sI. F. tPm-À-Pv,- _tken-tbm-kv-tImtfPv- eIv-NdÀ H.Fw-. am-Xyp- F¶n-hÀ- {]kw-Kn-¡p-Ibp-mbn.

ssZhn-Iw--]. kp-¶ltZm-kn-sâ ]cp-ae kt½f\hpw- sXcsªSp-¸p-kw_Ôn-¨ Im-cy-§fpw-- tXm-½m- am-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kv- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo¯m- hn-hcn-¡p-Ibpw- ssZhn-Iam-b sXcsªSp-¸m-Wp-\S¶sX¶p- {]kvXm-hn-¡p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp-. \n-bp-à Im-tXm-en-¡m-bv-¡pw- ]p-Xn-b amt\Pnw-Kv- I½n-än¡pw- k`mw-K§fp-sS]n´pW sh. dh. än-. Fkv. G{_lmw- tImÀ-F¸n-kv-tIm-¸m-hmKv-Zm-\w- sNbv-Xp-.

{]iw-k\o-b t\«w--aq-hm-bn-cw-t]À- Iq-Sn- GIm-̀ n-{]m-bam-bn- sXcsªSp-̧ p-IÄ- \S¯p-Isb¶Xp- AZv-`p-XIchpw- {]iw-k\o-bhp-am-b Hcp- t\«am-sW¶v-- {io-. sI. Fw-. sNdn-bm-³ {]kv-Xm-hn-̈ p-. C¶s¯ tem-I¯nÂ-Fhn-sSbpw- GXp- sXcsªSp-̧ p- kw-_Ôn-̈ pw- hm-in-bpw- {]Nm-cW§fpw- aÕchpw- kw-L«\§fpw-sIm-p- ap-Jcn-Xam-bn-cn-¡p-¶ km-lNcy-am-Wp-ÅXv-. hm-in-¡pw- tIkn-\pw- H¶pw- Bcp-sSbpw- ]n¶n-esÃ¶p- sXfn-bn-¨n-«p-Å \mw- bm-sXm-scm-¨¸m-Spw-Im-³-hm-knwKpw- XÀ-¡hpw- Iq-Sm-sX C¶s¯ sXcsªSp-¸p-]q-À-¯n-bm-¡n-bXn-Â Xm-³ A`n-am-\w- sIm-Åp-¶p-sh¶pw-Hcn¡Â-Iq-Sn- FÃm-hscbpw- Xm³ --A\p-tam-Zn-¡p-¶p--sh¶pw {io.sNdn-bm-³ ]dªp-. At±lw- Xp-SÀ-¶pþ- C\n-bpw- F\n-¡v- A\p-tam-Zn-¡p-hm-\p-ÅXv- ]. Im-tXm-en-¡m- _m-hm-bp-sSbpw- ae¦c


sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m-bp-sSbpw- ]n-³-Km-an-bm-bn- \½Ä- GIIWvTambn- sXSsªSp-¯ am-Xyq-kv- am-À- A¯m-\m-kn-tbm-kv- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m-sbbm-Wv-. hfsc hÀ-j§Ä- ap-¼v- At±lw Hcp- HmÀ-^t\Pn-sâ Np-aXe GsäSp-¯L«w- HmÀ-¡p-¶p-. Zn-hw-KX\mbFsâ ]n-Xm-hn-sâ {]tXyIw {i²bv-¡pw- Xm-Â-]cy-̄ n-\pw- bphsshZn-I\m-bn-cp-¶ At±lw hn-jbo-`hn-¨Xv- A¶m-bn-cp-¶p-.A¯m-\m-tkymkv- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo--¯m-tbm-Sp- hen-b hm-Õey-hpw-At±l¯n-sâ Ign-hn-Â- A`n-\µ\hpw- Fsâ ]n-Xm-hn-\p-m-bn-cp-¶p-. sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m-sb¡p-dn-¨v- hen-b {]Xo-£Ifpw-kz]v\§fpw- Fsâ ]n-Xm-hn-\p-m-bn-cp-¶Xp- R§fn-Â-\n-¶p-ad¨p- hbv-¡s¸«n-cp-¶n-Ã. At±l¯nsâ kz-]v-\§Ä- km-£mÂ-¡cn¨Xn-ep-Å Nm-cn-Xm-À-°yhpw- Cubhkc¯n-Â- F\n-¡p-v.

AXp-t]m-seXs¶ asäm-c`y-À-°\bpw- F\n-¡p- \n-§fpsSASp-¡epw- \n-bp-à Im-tXm-en-¡m-bp-sS ASp-¡epw- kaÀ-̧ n-¡m-\p-v-. `cW]cam-bn- ae¦ck` kz-X{ám-Wv-. B kzm-X{ý-¯n-Â \mw A`n-am-\n-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶p-. F¶m-Â- \ap-¡v- hn-es¸« Hcp- k¼m-Zy-ap-v-. Atým-Jy-³- k`bpw- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡m-knw-lm-k\hp-am-bn-«pff At`Zy-am-b _Ôam-Wv- Cu k¼m-Zyw.tem-I¯n-se FÃm {In-kvXob kÌfpw- Aw-Ko-Icn-¡p-Ibpw-BZcn-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶ ap-¶p- km-À-h{Xn-I kp¶ltZmkp-IÄ-Dv-. \n-Jym,- tIm-¬-kv-ämân-t\m-¸n-Ä-,- Ft^kqkv-. Cu aq--¶p-]p-cm-X\ kp-¶ltZm-kp-IÄ- GIam-bn-cp-¶ k` \S¯n-bXmWv.A¶w-Ko-Icn-¨p- Øm-]n-¡s¸« \m-ep- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡m- BØm-\§fm-Wv-- tdmw,- tIm-¬-kv-äm-ân-t\m-¸n-Ä-,- AeIv-km³--{Un-b,-AtýmJym-. Ahbn-Â- Gähpw- ]p-cm-X\am-b AtýmJym-tbm-Sm-Wv- \½p-sS k` _Ôs¸«n-cn-¡p-¶Xv-.

AXn-Â- GsXm-cp- kp-dn-bm-\n- k`mw-K¯n-\pw- ka-À-lambA`n-am-\¯n-\hIm-iap-v-. B _Ôw- \½p-sS- k` \n-e\nÀ¯Wsa¶pÅXv-- ap-³-]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- ]£¯p- \n-¶hcp-sS am-{Xw-B{Klam-sW¶p- hÃhcpw- [cn-̈ n-«p-s¦n-Â- AXp- kÀ-Æm-_²am-Wv-. Rm-³- Hcp- Im-tXm-en-¡m- ]£¡m-c\m-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶p- \n-§Ä- k½Xn-¡p-sa¶m-sWsâ hn-izm-kw-. F¶m-Â- Rm-³ Xpd¶p]dbs« \½p-sS k`bv¡p- Atým-Jy-bp-am-bn- Ct¸m-Ä- DÅ_Ôs¯ GsX-¦n-epw hn-[¯n-Â- \ãs¸Sp-¯m-\pff GXp-{ias¯bpw- FXnÀ-¡p-¶ Iq«¯n-em-bn-cn-¡pw- Rm-³-.* A§

*At±lw- B {]Xn-Pv-R A£cw-{]Xn- ]m-en-¨p-. F¶m-Â- At±l¯nsâ]n³Km-an-IÄ-¡pw- kv-Ym-]\¯n-\pw AXp- km-[n-¡m-sX t]m-bn-.


s\sbm-cp- Zp-À-_p-²nH \½fn-Â- BÀ¡pw- tXm¶m-Xn-cn¡s«F¶m-sWsâ {]m-À-°\. Im-tXm-en-¡m- _m-hm-bpsS ]n-³-Km-an-Bbn- C¶p- sXcsªSp-¡s¸«n-cn-¡p-¶ sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m-A¡m-cy-¯n-Â- Z¯{i²\m-sW¶p-ffXv-- Fs¶ kw_Ôn-¨p-Iq-Sp-XÂ kt´mjP\Iam-Wv-.--------

kt´m-jP\Iw-]p-Xp-Xm-bn- sXcsªSp-¡s¸« am-t\Pnw-Kv- I½än-bw-K §tfbpw-Rm-³- A\p-tamZn-̈ psIm-Åp-¶p-. Ign-ª A©p- sImÃw- Rm\pwAXnse Aw-Kam-bn-cp-¶p-. B Im-eL«s¯¡p-dn-¨v- F\n-¡p-Gähpw- kt´m-jP\Iam-b kv-acW cp- I£n-IÄ- Fs¶m¶v-k`bn-Â- CÃm-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶v- tXm-¶-̄ ¡hn--[¯n-Â am-t\PnwKv-I½än-bw-K§Ä- Alalan-Ibm- kam-[m-\¯n-sâbpw- kv-t\l¯n-sâbpw- klIcW¯n-sâbpw- Aćo-£w- \n-e\n-dp-¯p-¶XnÂ- {]ZÀ-in-¸n-¨n-cp-¶ \njv-Tbpw- DÕm-lhpw- BWv-. BAćo-£w- \n-e\n-dp-¯n- Dd¸n-¡sb¶Xm-bn-cn-¡s« ]pXn-bI½än-bp-sSbpw- t\«w-. ({io. sI.Fw. sNdn-bm-sâ {]kw-Kw- {io.-F³-.Fw-. G{_lmw- hm-bn-¡p-Ibm-bn-cp¶p.)-

k`bn-se B²ym-ßn-I Po-hn-X¯n-\v- £Xw- X«n-bn-«p-s¶pw- kap-Zm-b¯n-se D¨\o-NXz-§Ä- Ahkm-\n-¸n-¡p-¶Xn\p -thn-- PohIm-cp-Wy- {]hÀ-¯\§Ä-¡p- {]m-[m-\yw- \Â-IWsa¶pw- {io.- sI.F. tPm-À-Pv- \n-bp-à Im-tXm-en-¡m-tbmSv- A`yÀ-°n-̈ p-sIm-v- 15 e£w- k`mw-K§fp-sSbpw- ]n-³-Xp-W hmKvZm\w-sNbv-Xp-.

Im-tXm-en-¡m- - aw-KfKm-\w-,- Nn-tbgv-kv-- F¶n-htbm-Sp-IqsStbmKw- aq-¶p- aWn-¡p- kam-]n-¨p-.--

HB Zp-À-_p-²n-bn-Â ae¦ck` ho-Wv- IcIbdp-hm-³- Ign-bm-sX C¶pw- ho-À-¸p-ap-«p-¶p-.


tcJþ6

dh. ^m-. t]m-Ä- hÀ-Ko-kn-sâ I¯v-Ip-dn-̧ v-: sshZn-I skan-\m-cn- {]n-³-kn-̧ epw- sa{Xm-³- Øm-\t¯¡p- sXcªSp-

¡s¸« hy-àn-bpw- ]Þn-X{]ap-J\p-am-bn-cp-¶ dh. ̂ m-. t]m-Ä- hÀ-Kokv-k`m- kam-[m-\ Im-ebfhn-Â Xn-Iª kw-ba\t¯msS {]hÀ-¯n¨n-cp¶ hy-àn-bm-Wv-. At±l¯n-sâ Fgp-¯p-Ifpw- ZÀ-i\§fpw- At±lw-Xs¶ ]n-¶o-Sv- AhKWn-̈ p-Ifªp- F¶Xpw- kz-́ Bib§Ä-¡p- hncp-²am-bn- At±lw- {]hÀ-̄ n-̈ p- F¶Xpw- Hcp- hn-Nn-{X kXyam-bn- Ahtijn-¡p-¶p. ]u-tem-kv- tam-À- {Ko-tKm-dn-tbm-kv- F¶ t]cn-Â- tem-I{]ikvX\mb At±lw- Cu I¯n-se Bib§Ä- ]n-¶o-Sv- hn-kv-acn-¡p-Ibpw-kzX{´k`m-hm-Z¯n-sâ hàm-hm-bn-̄ o-cp-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp-. kz-bio-À-jIk` F¶ ss_kssâ³- k`m-ibw- ae¦ck`m- {]iv-\¯n-Â- ISw- FSp-¯p-sIm-p-h¶Xpw- At±lam-bn-cp-¶p-. sshZn-I\m-bn-cp-¶ Im-es¯BibKXn-bn-Â-\n-¶pw- ]n-¶o-Sv- At±lw- FSp-¯ \n-e]m-Sp-Ifn-sesshcp²yw- F{X{]ISam-bn-cp-¶p- F¶v- Cu tcJ hy-àam-¡p-¶p-.

Ahew-_w-: io-a hm-À-¯IÄ-,- 1968 HtÎm-_À- pp 23, 24

1. 1968-þÂ- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡m-Zn-\t¯m-S\p-_Ôn-¨v- {]kn-²o-Icn-¨ kv-acWnIbnÂ- {]kn-²o-Icn-¡p-hm-³- Fgp-Xn-bXv-.

A§v- kZbw- Ab¨ Fgp-¯p- h¶t¸m-Ä- Rm-³- bq-tdm¸n-em-bn-cp¶p. CXp- io-ahm-À-¯bn-Â- {]kn-²o-Icn-¡p-hm-³1 X¡kab¯v- -Ahn-sS F¯p-sa¶p- hn-Nm-cn-¡p-¶p-.

Atým-Jym-bp-sSbpw- In-gs¡m-s¡bp-sSbpw- ]. tam-dm-³tamÀ Cám-tXym-kv- bm-¡q-_v- XrXo-b³ ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- _mhm-Xn-cp-a\Ên-se t\À-¡v,- BIam-\ kp-dn-bm-\n-k`bp-sS ]cam-²y-£³- F¶ \n-ebn-Â am-{XaÃ--, - hyàn-]cam-bpw- F\n-¡p-


{]tXyI IS¸m-Sp-v-. Rm-³- Hcp- ]p-tcm-ln-X\m-bn- k`m-tkh\¯n-Â- GÀ-s¸«n-cn-¡p-¶Xn-sâ Im-cW¡m-c³ ssZ-hw Ign-ªmÂ-]. _mhm- Xn-cp-ta\n-bm-Wv-.

\½p-sS k`bn-Â kam-[m-\hpw,- kw-tbm-Pn-¸pw- IcKXam-Ip-hm-³-X¡h®ap-Å ]._m-hm-- Xn-cp-ta\n-bp-sS alm-a\kv-IX\n-dª {]hr-¯n-bm-Wv- H¼Xp- hÀ-j§Ä-¡p- ap-¼v- \yq-UÂ-ln-bn-se Hcp- tlm-«Â ap-dn-bn-Â Ir-XÚXm-]q-À-Æw- ssZhk¶n-[n-bn-Â- Ihn-®p-ho-Wv- ssZh¯n-sâ _en-]o-T¯n-¦se ip-{iq-jbv-¡m-bn- Fsâ Po-hn-Xw- kaÀ-̧ n-¡p-hm-³- Fs¶ t{]cn-̧ n-̈ Xv.\½p-sS k`bn-Â kam[m-\ap-m-bn-cp-¶n-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p-sh¦n-Â-,-Rm³- Ct¸m-gpw FtXym-]y-³- N{IhÀ-̄ n-bp-sS tkh\¯n-tem,-tem-I¯n-Â asähn-sSsb¦n-ep-tam- Xp-SÀ-¶p-t]m-Ip-am-bn-cp-¶p-.

Ign-ª AciXm-Ð¡m-ew- aäp- ]e alm-·m-cpw- km-[n-¡p-hm-³ InWªp- {ian-̈ n-«pw- ]cm-Pbs¸« Im-cyw- km-[n-̈ Cu_p-²n-am-\m-b2]m{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- _m-hm- Xn-cp-ta\n-bp-sS alm-a\kv-IXbv-¡pw,- Zo-À-Lho-£W¯n\pw- ap-¼m-sI Fsâ hn-\o-Xamb{]iw-kIÄ- ]cky-am-bn- kaÀ-¸n-¡p-hm-\p-Å Ahkcam-Wv- ].Xn-cp-a\Ên-se kn-w-lm-k\m-tcm-lW¯n-sâ Cu 11þmw- hm-À-jn-Im-tLm-jkµÀ-`w- F\n-¡p- {]Zm-\w- sNbv-Xn-cn-¡p-¶Xv-.

Cý-bn-se \½p-sS k` alm-\m-b Cu ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv-_m-hm- Xn-cp-ta\n-tbm-Sv- F¶pw- Ir-XÚcm-bn-cn-¡p-Ibpw,- \½psSk`bn-se tbm-Pn-¸m-Ip-¶ B al¯m-b kw-`h¯n-sâ kv-acW\n-e\n-À-¯p-hm-\pw,- \½p-sS k`bp-sS ]cam-²y-£\pw-,- B²ym-ßn-I t\Xm-hp-am-b Cu Xn-cp-ta\n-bp-sS _lp-am-\m-À-°hp-ambn-GsX¦n-epw- Hcp- kv-am-cIw- ]Sp-¯p-bÀ-t¯Xp-am-Ip-¶p-.

Atým-Jym-t]{Sn-bm-À-t¡äpam-bn- AIÂ-̈ hcp-̄ n-sht¨¡m-hp-¶ GsX¦n-epw- hm-¡p-IÄ-aq-ew,- At±l¯n-sâ lr-Zbs¯ \mw- thZ\n-̧ n-¡p-¶p-sh¦n-Â- AXp- \½p-sS ̀ m-K¯p- \µn-tISn-sâ ]m-cay-hpw, Gäw- ]cn-Xm-]Icam-b tZm-jXz-hp-am-bn-cn-¡pw-.3 \ap-¡p- \½p-sS kz-́ w- Im-tXm-en-¡m-_mhm-bpw- ̀ cWkzm-X{ý-hpw- DÅhcm-sW¦n-epw,- Cý-bn-ep-Åhcm-b \mw- Cu

2. Cu _p-²n-am-\m-b ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-s\¡p-dn-¨v- Ct±lw- ]n-¶o-Sv- Fgp-XnbAhkchm-Z]cam-b {]kv-Xm-h\ "s]cp-¼n-Ån- Xn-cp-ta\n-: ae¦ck`bpsSIm-Â-\q-äm-v'- (Ip-cym-t¡m-kv- tIm-À- F¸n-kv-tIm-¸ aq-ebn-Â- Fgp-Xn-bXv)-4þmw- A[ym-bw- ASn-¡p-dn-¸v- 39 tcJbn-Â- ]dbp-¶Xv- Xm-cXayw- sN¿p-¶Xv- ckm-hlam-bn-cn-¡pw-.

3. C§s\sbm-cp- ‘]cn-Xm-]Icam-b t`m-jXz-¯n-\v-’ \n-À-`m-Ky-him-Â- Iq-«p-\n-Â-t¡n-h¶ KXn-tISpw- A`n-hµy- t]m-Ä- hÀ-Ko-kv- (]n-¶o-Sv- tam-À-{Ko-tKm-dn-tbmkv)- Xncp-ta\n-¡pw- Dm-bn-.


t]{Sn-bm-À-t¡än-ep-Åhcm-Wv-. Atým-Jym-bp-sS B ]m-c¼cy-aÃm-sXþHcp-Im-e¯v- ssN\bpw- sIm-dn-bm-bpw- hscþGjy-bn-Â-DS\o-fw- hym-]n-̈ n-cp-¶ al¯m-b kp-dn-bm-\n-k`bp-sS ]m-c¼cy-aÃm-sXþ \½p-sS ]u-cm-Wn-I]m-c¼cyw- ]p-\cp-Öo-hn-̧ n-¡p-hm³asäm-cp- BØm-\an-ÃXs¶.

]. _m-hm- Xn-cp-a\Ên-se t\À-¡v,- Cý-bn-ep-Å et£m]e£w- kn-dn-b³- HmÀ-¯tUm-Iv-kv- {In-kv-Xym-\n-IÄ4¡p-Å hniz-kv-Xhg¡hpw,- _lp-am-\m-Zchp-Ifpw,- Xn-cp-a\Ên-se knw-lm-k\m-tcm-lW¯n-sâ 11þmw- hm-À-jn-Im-tLm-jthfbn-Â- DÅhn\o-Xam-b A\p-tam-Z\§fpw- ip-`m-iw-kIfpw-- ]. _m-hm- Xn-cp-a\Ên-se k¶n-[n-bn-Â Xm-¦Ä- Adn-bn-¡Wsa¶p- Rm-\m-{Kln-¡p-¶p-. ]. _m-hm- Xn-cta\n-¡p- \½p-sS P\§tfbpw- k`tbbpw-Ip-dn-¨v- kay-¡m-b Adn-hp-ÅXn-\m-Â-,- X§fp-sS aq-¡n-³]pd¯p-Åhsbm-¶pw- Im-Wm-³- Ign-hn-Ãm-̄ hcpw,- ]gb ho-£W¯nÂ-Xs¶ Ct¸m-gpw- Ign-ªp-Iq-Sp-¶hcp-am-b Nn-ecp-sS ku-lm-À-±]caÃm-̄ Xpw,- acym-Zcln-Xhp-am-b Nne ]cm-aÀ-i\§Ä5- Imcy-am-bn- FSp-¡p-Ibn-Ã F¶p- \ap-t¡hÀ-¡p-adn-bmw-.

kp-Zo-À-LIm-ew,- {In-kv-Xp-hn-sâ \m-a¯n-Â-,- \½p-sS k`bpsS A²y-£]Zw- hln-¸m-³,- ]. _m-hm- Xn-cp-ta\n-¡v- Zo-À-Lm-bp-Êpw- a\:im-́ n-bpw,- ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hn-sâ A\p-{Kl§fpw- [mcm-fambn- {]Zm-\w-sN¿s«-.

kkv-t\lw-, -^m-ZÀ- t]m-Ä- hÀ-Ko-kv-

(ASn-h-c- tNÀ-¯Xv)-

4. k`bp-sS t]cv- At±lw- ‘kn-dn-b³- HmÀ-̄ tUm-Iv-kv-’ F¶m-Wv- D]tbm-Kn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xv-. ‘HmÀ-¯tUm-Iv-kv- kn-dn-b³’ - F¶ hn-Ie {]tbm-Kw- Hgn-hm-¡Wsa¶v- At±lw- ]n-¶o-Sp- ]dªn-«p-v-.

5. k`m- kam-[m-\¯n-sâ ‘kp-hÀ-W Im-eL«’¯n-Â- t]m-epw- ]m-{Xn-bÀ¡m-_Ôs¯bpw- k`m- kam-[m-\in-ev-]n-Isfbpw- hn-kv-acn-¨v- ]dbp-Ibpw-Fgp-Xp-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶hsc¡p-dn-̈ v- ‘acym-Z’ CÃm-̄ hsc¶v- Fgp-Xn-b hµy-Xn-cp-ta\n-¡v- ]n-¶o-Sv- Ahtct¸m-se BtIn-h¶p-sh¦n-epw- k`bn-sekam-[m-\hpw- sFIy-hpw- At±l¯n-sâ Xo-{ham-b A`n-em-jam-bn-cp-¶p.


tcJþ7

NÀ-¨v- ho-Iv-en- ap-J{]kw-Kw-Ip-dn-¸v-: ]. ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- _m-hm-bp-sS Øm-\m-tcm-lW hm-À-jn-Im-tLmj

t¯m-S\p-_Ôn-¨v- 1968 HtÎm-_À- am-k¯n-Â- ‘NÀ-¨v- ho-Iv-en’ - Fgp-Xn-bAÀ-°h¯m-b Hcp- ]{Xm-[n-]teJ\w- Ncn-{X]cam-bn- hfsc {]m-[m-\yw-AÀ-ln-¡p-¶Xm-Wv-. Fgp-]Xp-Ifn-se ̀ n-¶XIÄ- Hgn-hm-¡p-hm-³ ]m-{XnbÀ-¡okv- ]£w- ap-t¶m-«p-h¨ A`n-em-jw- ‘amÀ-tXm-am- knw-lm-k\’hpw-‘kzX{´k`m- hm-Zhpw’ - Dt]£n-¡Ww F¶p- am-{Xam-bn-cp-¶p-. Cu BibKXn-sb \ym-bo-Icn-¡p-¶ ap-J{]kwKw-- Fgp-Xn-bXv- ]{Xm-[n-]À- {io-.F³.Fw-. G{_lmw- Bbn-cn-¡p-hm-\mWv- km-[y-X. 1970 Un-kw-_À- 31þ\p-Iq-Sn-b ae¦c Atkm-kn-tbj³- tbm-K¯n-Â- (tcJþ5)- {io-. sI.Fw-.sNdn-bmsâ {]kw-Kw- hm-bn-¨Xpw- {io-. F³-.Fw-. G{_lmw- BWv-.at\mca ]{Xm-[n-]À- bix-ico-c\m-b sI.Fw-. sNdn-bm-s\t¸m-se k`m-kam-[m-\Imw-£n-Ifm-bn-cp-¶p- ap-³- Im-tXm-en-¡m-]£¡m-cp-sS Hcp-s]mXp-Nn-´m-[m-cIq-Sn-bm-Wv- Cu teJ\¯n-Â Xp-Sn-¨p-\n-Â-¡p-¶Xv-.

Ahew-_w-: io-ahm-À-¯IÄ - 1968 HIv-tSm-_À-.

]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡m-Zn-\w-HtÎm-_À- 27þmw- Xo-bXn- ]. Atým-Jym- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv-bm¡q_v- XrXo-b³ Xn-cp-ta\nbp-sS Øm-\m-tcmlW¯n-sâkvacWm-Zn\am-Wv-. ae¦ck`bpw- B Zn-\w- kap-Nn-Xam-bn-BtLm-jn-¡p-hm-³ ]. Im-tXm-en-¡m-_m-hm- Xn-cp-ta\n- ]Ån-IÄ¡p- Iev--]\ Ab¨n-«p-v-. X]m-Â-Po-h\¡m-cp-sS ]Wn-ap-S¡p-aq-ew- Iev--]\ FÃm- ]Ån-Ifn-epw- bYm-kabw- F¯n-¡m-Wp-tam-sb¶p- \n-iv-Nban-Ã. F¦n-epw- ]{X§Ä- hgn-bm-bn--- Cu hnhcw-k`mw-K§Ä Adn-ªn-cn-¡pw-. ]. ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- _m-hm-Xn-cp-ta\n-¡p-thn- {]m-À-°n--¡p-hm-\pw,- Xn-cp-ta\n¡v-- Bbp-cm-tcm-Ky-§Ä- t\cp-hm-\pap--Å Hcp- {]tXy-I Zn\am-Wn-Xv-. tem-Isam-«p-¡p-Å kn-dn-b³- HmÀ-¯tUm-Iv-kv- k`mw-K§Ä B Zn-\m-NcW¯n-Â- ]s¦Sp-¡p-¶p-. kn-dn-b³- HmÀ-¯tUm-Iv-kv- k`bp-sS Hcp-`mKamb1 ae¦cbv-¡pw- B Zn-\w- btYm-Nn-Xw- BNcn-¡p-hm-³-_m-²y-Xbpv ]p-cm-X\am-b Atým-Jym- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡m-knw-lm-k\¯n-Â- hm-Wcp-fp-¶ Hcp- Xn-cp-ta\n-sb¶ \n-ebn-Â am-{XaÃ,-1. ae¦ck` ‘kn-dn-b³- HmÀ-̄ tUm-Iv-kv- k`bp-sS ̀ m-Kw- Xs¶sb¶p- ]dbp-

¶tXm-sSm-¸w- HmÀ-¯tUm-Iv-kv- kn-dn-b³’ - F¶ Ccp-k`m-[z-\n-hcp-¶`cWLS\bn-se _p-²n-]q-À-h {]tbm-K§Ä- Hgn-hm-¡p-¶p- F¶Xv- {i²n-¡p-I.


Xn-cp-ta\n- ae¦ck`bp-sS `àn-_lp-am-\m-Zchp-IÄ- AÀ-ln-¡p-¶Xv-. hy-àn-]cam-b Im-cW§Ä-s¡m-p- bm-¡q_v- Xr-Xo-b³ Xncp-ta\n- ae¦ck`bv-¡p- {]n-b¦c\m-Wv-. A¼Xp- \o-hÀ-j §Ä- X½n-Â-¯Ãn- \in-¨p-sIm-n-cp-¶ ae¦ck`bv-¡p-kam-[m-\w- {]Zm\w- sNbvX- B A`n-hµy-Xn-cp-ta\n-bm-Wv-. BHscmä ¡m-cWw-sIm-v-- Xn-cp-ta\n- ae¦cbv¡p- im-iz-Xkv-acm-WÀ-l \mWv-. Xn-cp-ta\n-tbm-Sp-Å hy-àn-]cam-b IS¸m-Sp-IÄ-AXp-sImp- hfsc hep-Xm-Wv-. ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡m-Zn-\m-tLm-j§Ä-ChnsS hen-b {]Nm-c¯n-em-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. F¶m-Â- ]. bm-¡q-_v-Xr-Xo-b³- Xncp-ta\nsb kw-_Ôn-¨v- k` ap-gp-h³- hn-Im-cm-thit¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn- Cu Zn-\w- sImm-S¯¡ Ncn-{X]cam-b {][m-\yw-AXn-\p-v-.

ae¦ck`mw-K§fn-Â- ]eÀ-¡p-ap-Å Hcp- sXän-²m-cWbpv. Im-tXm-en-¡m- ]£¯p-\n-¶n-cp-¶hÀ-¡m-W[n-Iap-ÅXv-.]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kp-]£¯p-\n-¶hcn-epw- Np-cp-¡w- Nn-eÀ-¡v- BsXän-²m-cWbp-v-. B sXän-²m-cW CXmWv-,- ae¦ck`bn-epÅB`y-́ cIel§Ä-¡pw- hg¡p-IÄ-¡pw,- tIkp-IÄ-¡pw- FÃmw-ImcW¡m-À- io-a¡m-cmsW¶p- ]ecpw- ]dbp-Ibpw- hn-izkn-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶p-v-. C{X kÀ-Æm-_²am-b Hcp- [m-cW Dm-Im-\n-Ã. kz-́ w- Ip-ä§fpw- Ip-dhp-Ifpw- Im-Wm-\p-Å Ign-hv- km[m-cW Bcn-epw- Im-Wp-I ]Xn-hn-ÃtÃm-. ae¦ck`bn-Â- ]e Imcy-§Ä- kw-_Ôn-¨ hm-in-bpw- sshcm-Ky-hpap-m-Ip-t¼m-Ä- io-a¡msc GsX¦n-epw- Hcp- I£n- D]tbm-Kn-¡m-³ {ian-¡p-¶XnsâêamWv- Cu sXän-²m-cW. io-a¡m-À- \n-jv-]£am-bpw- \o-Xn]qÀ-Æam-bpw- Im-cy§Ä- {Kln-¨v- At§bäs¯ [m-À½n-I\n-ehm-c¯nepw,- kXy-{In-kv-Xo-b \n-ehm-c¯n-epw- {]iv-\§sf kao-]n-¡p-hm-³- {ian-¨n-«n--sÃ¶p-Å ]cm-Xn- adp-I£n-bn-Â-s¸«hÀ-¡p-tXm¶mw-. F¶mÂ- Ahsc kz-́ w- Xm-Â-]cy-§f\p-kcn-̈ p- sXän-²cn-̧ n-¡p-¶ tPm-en- ae¦ck`bn-ep-ÅhÀ Xs¶bm-Wp- \n-À-Æln-¡p-¶sX¶p-ff IY ad¶m-Wv----- io-a¡m-sc A]e]n-¡p-¶Xv-. ioa¡m-cÃ tIkpw- hy-hlm-c§fpw- \S¯p-¶Xv-. Chn-sSbpÅ k`mw-K§Ä-Xs¶ cm-bn- Xn-cn-ªp- ]ckv-]cw- ]Ssh«p-¶ Zp-À-_p-²n-¡p- io-a¡m-sc´p- ]n-g¨p-. AhÀ-¡p-s¶ Ahcpw- hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶ AhIm-i§sf hIh¨p- sIm-Sp-¡p-¶ Hcp- I£n-sb AhÀ-A\p-Iq-en-s¨¦n-Â- AXp- kzm-̀ m-hn-Iw- am-{Xam-Wv-. hg¡p-m-¡n-bXpw- tIkp- \S¯n-bXpw- io-a¡m-cÃ Chn-sSbp-ÅhÀ-Xs¶bmWv-. Chn-Sp-s¯ Hcp- I£n- Ahsc D]tbm-Kn¨p-. adp-I£n-¡m-À-¡v- AXp-sIm-v- Ahtcm-Sp- hn-tcm[hp-ap-m-bn-. ]t£


2. ae¦ck`bn-se hg¡p-Isf{]Xn- io-a¡m-À-s¡Xn-sc {]kw-Kn-¡p-¶hcpw-Fgp-Xp-¶hcpw- C¶pw- hn-kv-acn-¡p-¶ Hcp- bmYm-À-°y-am-Wn-hn-sS hy-àam-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv-. ‘i{Xp-hn-sâ i{Xp -an-{Xw’ - F¶Xp-t]m-se ‘i{Xp-hn-sâan-{Xw- i{Xp’ - F¶ X¯z-¯n-em-Wv- ae¦ck`mw-K§fn-Â- Nn-eÀ- ae¦ck`bv-¡p-thn- XymKw- kln-¨v- Chn-sSh¶p- Po-hn-¨ kp-dn-bm-\n-¡m-cmb]n-Xm-¡·m-sc¡p-dn-̈ v- A]IoÀ-̄ n-Icam-bn- Fgp-Xp-Ibpw- aäpw sN¿p-¶Xv.Cu Xym-K¯n-\v- Ahsc t{]cn-¸n¨ LSIw- ‘io-abn-se k`bpw- ae¦ck`bpw-- H¶m-bn-cp-¶Xp-sIm-m-sW¶v- kXyw- hn-kv-acn-¡p-¶Xm-Wv- bYmÀ-° Im-cWw-.

3. ‘tem-I¯n-sâ \m-ep-Zn-¡v- F¶t]m-se ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡m-knw-lm-k\§Ä’ -F¶mWv- kp-¶ltZm-kv- \n-iv-Nbw- (lq-Zm-b Im-t\m-³- 7:1)-. A©m-as¯]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-km-b sbdp-itew- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m-bv-¡v- Øm-\n-I]Zhn-am-{Xam-Wv- kp-dn-bm\n- ]m-c¼cy- tcJIÄ- ]dbp-¶Xv-. teJ\¯n-Â- ImWp-¶Xv- Ncn-{X]cam-b tIhe ]n-iIp-Xs¶bm-Wv-.

4. AÀ-ta\n-b Cu N«¡q-Sp-IÄ-¡p-Ån-Â- hcm-sX A¡m-e v̄- hy-Xy-kv-XambHcp- km-lNcy-¯n-em-bn-cp¶p- \n-e\n-¶n-cp-¶Xv-.

5. kz-X{ám-bn- {]m-tZin-I ̀ cWw- \n-À-hln-¨n-cp-¶ Iq-«¯n-Â ‘ae¦ck`’CÃm-bn-cp-¶p- F¶Xv- hfsc kv-]ãam-Wv-.

BXyń-Iam-b hn-iIe\¯n-Â kap-Zm-bt¡kn-\pw- XÀ-¡§Ä-¡p-ap-Å D¯chm-Zn-IÄ- ae¦ck`mw-K§Ä- Xs¶bm-Wv-.ioabnse k`bpw- ae¦ck`bpw- H¶m-bn-cp-¶Xp-sIm-p- ioa¡m-cpw- Hcp- ]£w- ]n-Sn-¨v- AXnÂ- ]s¦Sp-¡m-³- CSbm-bn- F¶p-am-{Xw-.2

ae¦ck`bpsS kzm-X{ý-¯n-\p-thn-bm-Wv- Im-tXm-en-¡m-]£w- ]Ssh«n-bsX¶pw- AXp-sIm-v- Atým-Jym- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kp-am-bp-ff _Ôhpw- CS]m-Sp-Ifpw- hfsc kq-£n-¨p-th-Wsa¶pw- Icp-Xp-¶hÀ- C¶pw- k`bn-ep-v. k`bp-sS kzm-X{ýw-F¶p- ]dbp-¶Xn-\v- cm-{ão-bam-b AÀ-°aÃ Iev-]n-t¡-Xv-.ss{Ikv-Xhk`bp-sS BZn-aIm-e¯v- -s]m-Xp-kp-¶ltZm-kp-IÄ-\S¶n-cp-¶Xv- kp-{]kn-²am-b Ncn-{Xkw-̀ h§fm-Wv-. A¶v- kzX{ám-b A©v -3 ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡m- knw-lm-k\§fpw- Dm-bn-cp-¶p.tdmam,- AeIv-km-³-{Sn-b,- tIm-¬-kv-äm-ân-t\m-¸n-Ä-,- AÀ-½o-\n-b-,-4

Atým-Jym- F¶o- knw-lm-k\§Ä- kzX{ám-bn- AXXp- kÌfp-sS `cWw- \n-À-Æln-¨n-cp¶p.5 F¶m-Â k` H¶m-bn-cp-¶p-.Atým-Jym-k`bpw,- {Ko-¡p-k`bpw,- tIm-]v-än-¡p-k`bpw,- tdmam-k`bpw,- AÀ-½o-\n-b³-k`bpw- tem-Ik`bp-sS ̀ m-K§Ä- am-{Xam-bn-cp-¶p-. s]m-Xp-kp-¶ltZm-kp-Ifp-sS Aw-Ko-Ir-X \n-iv-Nba\p-kcn¨v- {]tZin-IkÌÄ- `cWw- \S¯n-t¸m-¶p-.

Cu \n-ebn-Â- Im-tXm-en-Ihpw-, - At¸m-kv-Xen-Ihpw,-GIhpw,- hn-ip-²hp-am-b k`bp-sS ̀ m-Kam-bn-«m-Wv- ]p-cm-X\ {]mtZin-I kÌÄ- \n-esIm-Åp-¶Xpw- \n-esIm-tÅXpw-. ̀ cW-]c


amb kzmX{ý-§Ä- FÃm- kÌÄ-¡pw- Ds¦n-epw, -\n-Jym-,-tIm¬-kv-äm-ân-t\m-¸n-Ä-,- Gt¸kq-kv- F¶o- s]m-Xp- kp-¶ltZm-kp-Ifp-sSbpw-- \n-iv-Nb§Ä- kÀ-ÆkÌfpw- Aw-Ko-Icn-̈ p-. s]mXp-kp¶ltZm-kp-Ifp-sS Im-e¯n-\v- hn-cm-aan-«Xv- tdm-am-k`bp-sSA[n-Im-c{àam-sW¶p- ]dbmw. F¶m-epw- Aen-Jn-Xam-b Hcp-_Ôw- ]p-cm-X\ ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- knw-lm-k\§fpw- Ahbp-sS\n-b{´W¯n-ep-Å kÌfpw- X½n-epv. Hmtcm- k`bpw- kzX{ám-sW¶v- Hcp-hn-[¯n-Â- ]dbmw-. ]t£ B kzmX{ýw- ].s]mXp-kp-¶ltZm-kp-Ifp-sS N«¡q-«n-em-Wv-.

ae¦ck` hn-. am-À-t¯m-am-Ço-lm- Øm]n-¨Xm-sW¶m-Wv-\½psS ]m-c¼cyw-. AXn-Â- \ap-¡v- A`n-am-\n-¡m-\hIm-iap-v.At¸m-kv-X-e·m-cnÂ- Hcm-fm-bn-cp-¶ am-À-t¯m-½m-Ço-lm-bv-¡v- ---- Hcp-]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- knw-lm-k\w- Øm-]n-¡m-\p-Å AhIm-itam--tbm-Ky-Xtbm- Bcpw- \n-tj[n-¡p-Ibn-Ã. AXp-sIm-v- ae¦cbnÂamÀ-t¯m-½m-Ço-lm-bpsS Hcp- knw-lm-k\w-- Ds¶pÅ k¦Â-]tam- hm-Ztam- Dm-bm-Â- AXp -Xo-sc ASn-Øm-\cln-Xam-sW¶p- ]dªp- XÅn-¡fbm-hp-¶XÃ. F¶m-Â am-Àt¯m-am-k`bn-se Ip-sd ]«¡mÀ -tNÀ-¶v- Hcp- _n-j¸ns\ hm-gn-¨p-. Chm-©en-¡Â k` hm-gn-¨Xp-t]m-sebÃtÃm- B knw-lm-k\¯n-\v-Aw-Ko-IcWap-m-tIXv-. ]cn-ip-² s]m-Xp-kp-¶ltZmkp-IfpsS Im-e¯v- ae¦cbp-sS amÀ-t¯m-½m- knw-lm-k\w- Aw-Ko-Icn-¡s¸«n-cp-¶n-Ã. BIam-\k`bp-sS ]p-cm-X\am-b A©p-]m{Xn-bÀ-¡m- knw-lm-k\§fpw- H¶m-bn- hÀ-¯n-¨n-cp-¶ Im-e¯pw- ae¦ck` Dm-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶m-WtÃm- \½p-sS Ncn-{X]mc¼cyw-. F¦n-epw- s]m-Xp-k`bp-sS Aw-Ko-IcWw- am-À-t¯m-½m-knw-lm-k\¯n-\v- e`n-̈ n-cp-¶n-Ã.6- A¶s¯ ̀ q-an-im-kv-{X]chpw-KXm-KXku-Icy-§fp-sS \n-ebp-am-bn-cn¡mw- AXn-\p- ImcWw.

ae¦ck`bv-¡v- In-g¡n-sâ Im-tXm-en-¡m-bp-am-bp-Å _Ôap-m-bncp¶p- F¦n-epw-,- Hcp- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡m- knw-lm-k\hp-am-bpÅ kPo-h_Ôhpw-,- AXnsâ {]ikv-Xn-bpw- h¶p-tNÀ-¶Xv-Atým-Jy-mbp-am-bp-Å _Ô¯n-\v- tijam-Wv-. \m-ep- \q-äm-p-IfpsS- sXfn-hm-b- Ncn-{Xw- B _Ô¯n-ep-v-. AXn-\pap-¼pÅ_Ô§Ä- ]e ]m-c¼cy-§fn-Â\n-¶p-am-{Xta A`yq-ln-¡m³-Ignbq. GXm-bm-epw- Atým-Jym- k`bp-am-bp-Å _Ôam-Wv-ae¦ck`bpsS ]p-cm-X\Xz-¯n-\pw- aln-abv-¡p-ap-Å Hcm-[m-c

6. s]m-Xp-k`bp-sS AwKo-IcWan-Ãm-̄ Xn-\m-Â am-À-tXm-am-knw-lm-k\hmZw-ASn-t¨Â-¸n-¡cp-sX¶p- am-{Xta Fgp-]Xp-Ifn-Â- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- ]£w-hm-Zn-¨n-cp-¶p-Åq-.


sa¶p-ÅXv- Hcp- hkv-Xp-XbmWv. ae¦ck` Ct¸m-Ä- kp-dn-bm-\n- k`bp-sS `m-Khp-amWv-. Im-tXm-en-¡m- knw-lmk\hpw- Chn-sS Øm-]n-¡s¸«tXm-sS AXn-sâ `cW]cam-b kzm-X{ýhpw-\ne \n-Â-]pw- kw-c£n-¡¸«p-. F¶m-Â- Atým-Jym- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kp-am-bp-Å kPo-ham-b _Ôw- \n-e\n-À-¯n-s¡m-p-ÅHcp- kzmXý-amWv- ae¦ck`bv-¡p-ÅXv-. tem-Isam«p¡p--Å kn-dnb³- HmÀ-¯tUmIvkv-- k`bpsS `m-Kam-bpw,- A§s\ Im-tXm-en-Ihpw,- As¸m-kv-Xen-Ihpw-,- GIhpw,-- hnip-²hp-am-b s]m-Xp-k`bp-sS `m-Kam-bpw- ae¦ck` hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶Xv- Cu _Ô¯n-Â-Iq-Sn-bmWv.7 B _Ôw- F¶pw- \n-e\n-Â-¡Ww-. AXp -ho-pw- km²y-am-¡n-¯oÀ¯ Np-cn-{X]p-cp-j\m-Wv- ]. bm-¡q-_v-Xr-Xo-b³ -Xncp-ta\n. Xn-cp-ta\n-bp-sS knw-lm-k\m-tcm-lWw-Ign-ªn-«v- 11 hÀ-jambn. AXn-sâ hm-À-jn-Im-NcWhpw- km-tLm-jw- \n-À-Æln-¡s¸Sp-¶ kp-Zn-\¯nÂ Xn-cp-ta\n-¡p-thn-{]À-°n-¡p-Ibpw- Xn-cp-ta\n¡v- Bbp-cm-tcm-Ky-§fpw- C\n-bpw-IqSpXÂ aw-KfIc amb `cWIm-ehpw- t\cp-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp-sIm-Åp¶p.

Ahew-_w-: s]cp-¼nÅn-Xn-cp-ta\n-: ae¦c k`bp-sS Im-Â-\q-ämv-(Ipcym-t¡m-kv- tIm-À- F¸n-kv-tIm-¸m- aq-ebn-Â- Fgp-Xn-bXv)-

7. ae¦ck`bp-sS Im-tXm-en-IXz-hpw- At¸m-kv-Xen-I ]u-tcm-ln-Xy- ]m-c¼cy-hpw- kw-c£n-¡s¸Sp-hm-³- Cu _Ôw- A\n-hm-cy-hpw- k`m-`cWLS\{]Xo-£n-¡pw-t]m-se Im-tXm-en-¡m-hm-gv-Nbn-se Atým-Iym- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- _m-hm-bp-sS km-¶n-²yw- A\p-t]£Wn-bhp-am-Wv-.


tcJþ8

ASn-Øm-\ \n-Ka\§Ä-tUm-. tXm-akv- tam-À- A¯m-\m-tkym-kv- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-̄ m- ]m-{Xn-bÀ¡okv]£ \n-e]m-Sp-Isf Bthi]q-À-Æw- ]n-³-Xm-§n- Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-¶ BfmWv."CXv- hn-izm-k¯n-sâ Im-cyw'- F¶ t]cn-Â- At±lw- Fgp-Xn-b ]p-kvXI¯n-\p-tijw- 1995þse kp-{]ow-tIm-SXn- hn-[n-sb Ahtem-I\w- sNbv-Xv-"P\m-[n-]Xy-hev-IcW¯n-eq-sS A\p-cRv-P\w?'- Hcp- eLp-Ir-Xn-bpw-FgpXn-. At±l¯nsâ C¶s¯ \n-e]m-Sp-IÄ-¡pw- BibKXn-IÄ-¡pw-ISIhn-cp-²am-b \n-e]m-Sm-bn-cp-¶p- At±l¯n-\v- A¶p-m-bn-cp-¶Xv-.kp-{]ow-tIm-SXn-hn-[n- kw-_Ôam-bn- At±lw- \S¯n-b hn-ebn-cp-¯ep-IÄ- C¶pw- {]kàam-Wv-. Cu tcJbn-Â- ]dbp¶ t]Pv- \¼cp-IÄ-1995þse kp-{]ow-tIm-SXn- hn-[n-bn-teXm-Wv.("P\m-[n-]Xy-hev-IcW¯n-eq-sS A\p-cRv-P\w?'- t]Pv- 11þ16)-

a) Atým-Jym- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-sâ Øm-\w-: ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-knsâ Bßo-I tae²y-Iv-jØm-\w- Im-tXm-en-¡ I£n-¡m-À-,-F´p-Xs¶ ]dªm-epw,- Aw-Ko-Icn-̈ n-«p-ÅXpw- ̀ cWLS\bnÂ-tNÀ-̄ n-«p-ÅXpw- tNm-Zyw- sNbv-Xn-«n-Ãm-̄ Xp-am-Wv-. AXp-sImv-AhÀ-¡v- CXp- \n-cm-Icn-¡m-³ km-[y-aÃ. "...it is equally sig-nificant to note that the 1934 Constitution does not repudiatethe Patriarch. On the contrary, it re-affirms that he is the pri-mate of the Orthodox Syrian Church" (P.56). Cý-bn-Â- ImtXm-en-t¡äv- Øm-]n-¡s¸s«¦n-epw- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-sâ Bßo-IA[n-Im-cw- \ãs¸«n-Ã; {]Xyp-X AXn-sâ {]tbm-K¯n-Â- am{Xsaam-äw- h¶p-Åp- F¶v- tIm-SXn- Nq-n-¡m-Wn-¡p-¶p-. Im-tXm-en-t¡äv- Øm-]n-¡s¸«t¸m-Ä ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-\v- am-{Xw- kz-́ ambn-Dm-bn-cp-¶ Nn-e A[n-Im-c§Ä- Im-tXm-en-¡bv-¡v- \Â-Is¸«p.(i) taÂ-¸«¡m-cp-sS hm-gv-N (ii) aq-tdm-³ Iq-Zm-i (iii) ae¦cbp-sSs]m-Xp-hm-b Bßo-I taet\z-jWw- Chbm-Wh. F¶m-Â-CtXm-sS ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-\v- A[n-Im-cw- \ãs¸Sp-Ibm-bn-cp-¶nÃ.km-[m-cWKXn-bn-Â- CXv- {]tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xv- Im-tXm-en-¡ Bbn-cn-¡p-sa¶pw- am-{Xw-. AXm-bXv- Cu A[n-Im-c§Ä- CtXm-sSImtXm-en-¡bn-Â- delegate sNbv-Xn-cn-¡p-¶p-. AXp-sIm-v- AXn-\p-tijw- Im-tXm-en-¡m-tbm-Spw- ae¦ck`tbm-Spw- Btem-Nn-¨tijw- am-{Xw- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- A[n-Im-cw- {]tbm-Kn-t¡


XmWv-. ("Patriarch" is expected to exercise those powers thereafterin consultation with the Catholicos and the Malankara Sabha (As-sociation) and, of course, in accordance with the 1934 constitutionP.51, 52). Im-tXm-en-¡m-bp-sS Btem-N\tbm-sS sN¿p-¶Xv,-AÃm-sX sN¿p-hm-³ A[n-Im-can-Ãm-¯Xp-sIm-Ã,- k`m-`cW¯n-Â- kam-[m-\w- \n-e\n-À-¯m-\pw- Gäp-ap-«epw- (conflict)[m-cW ]n-iIpw- (confusion) Hgn-hm-¡m-\pw- am-{Xw- BWv-. "Thisis to avoid confusion (P. 62). Hcp- k`bn-Â- cv- A[n-ImctI{µ§Ä- Htc kabw- {]hÀ-̄ \£aam-bm-Â- (operation) {]iv-\§Ä- (conflicts) Dm-Ipw-. ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- Im-tXm-en-¡m-sbhm-gn-¨t¸m-ÄXs¶ A[n-Im-cw- \Â-In-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xp-sIm-v-GI]£o-bam -b `cW CSs]Sep -IÄ- A`n -ejWo-bambn- tIm-SXn- Im-Wp-¶n-Ã. "All this certainly could not havebeen done unilaterally. It is one thing to say that the Patriarchcould do these things in co-operation with the Catholicos" (Page61). AXp-sIm-v- Im-tXm-en-t¡än-Â- kz-X{ám-bn- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡okv- `cWw- \S¯p-¶Xv- icn-bÃ; AXn-\v- km-[q-IcWhp-an-Ã.Im-cWw- AXp-hgn- k`bn-Â- Bßo-Iþù-Xo-I Im-cy-§fn-Â-asämcp- kam-ć kw-hn-[m-\w- Dm-Ip-hm-³ CSbm-Ipw- (P.61).]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-\v- ae¦cbn-Â- CSs]SWsa¦n-Â- Im-tXm-en-t¡mkv- in-£W hn-t[b\m-bn- \o-¡s¸SWw-. Without remov-ing the Catholicos in accordance with the canon law and theprinciples of natural justice, the Patriarch could not have pur-ported to exercise unilaterally the powers delegated by him toCatholicos" (Page 52). AXp-sIm-v- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-\v- ae¦ck`bn-ep-ÅXv- {]m-tbm-Kn-I A[n-Im-caÃ (effective power);{]Xyp-X Kq-UA[n-Im-cw- (potential power) AYhm- AXym-hiy-kµÀ-`§fn-Â- am-{Xw- kPo-ham-Ip-¶ A[n-Im-cw-. ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-sâ bYm-À-° A[n-Im-chpw- (original authority) Im-tXm-en-¡m-bp-sS derivative / delegated authorityþbp-w- BWv-. F¶m-Â-ae¦cbn-Â- operative authority Im-tXm-en-¡bm-Wv-. AXm-bXv-ae¦ck`bn-Â- XÀ-¡hpw- Nn-´m-¡p-g¸hpw- Dm-Im-Xn-cn-¡m-³.Im-tXm-en-t¡m-kv- `cWw- \S¯n- hcp-t¼m-Ä At±l¯n-sâ`cW¯n-Â- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- CSs]Scp-Xv-. A§s\ CSs]Sm-Xn-cn-¡p-¶Xp-sIm-v- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kpw- Im-tXm-en-¡bpw- X½n-Â-_Ôan-sÃt¶m,- Xp-ey- A[n-Im-cn-Ifm-sWt¶m- hcp-¶n-Ã. ]m{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- ap-gp-hsâbpw- Im-tXm-en-t¡m-kv- ̀ m-K¯n-sâbpw- A²y-£\m-Wv-. "He remains the supreme head of the Syrian Church


of which the Malankara Church is a division. He is spiritually su-preme to the Catholicos" (Page 72).

CtXm-S\p-_Ôn-¨v- Im-tXm-en-¡m-bp-sS Øm-\hpw- hn-ebn-cp-¯Ww-. Im-tXm-en-t¡m-kv- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-sâ A[n-Im-c]cn-[n-bn-Â- kr-ãn-¡s¸« Øm-]\am-Wv-. Within to jurisdiction ofPatriarch of Antioch was established another office viz, the greatMetropolitan of the East, also known as Catholicos" (Page 2).C-t±l¯n-\p-Å Bßo-bm-[n-Im-c§Ä-hgn- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-knsâA[n-Im-cw- Chn-sS Akv-Xa\ _n-µp-hn-Â- (Vanishing point)F¯p-¶n-Ã. Im-tXm-en-¡m-sb hm-gn-¨ km-lNcy-¯n-Â- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-sâ A[n-Im-cw- vanishing pointþÂ- F¯p-sa¶v- h«n-¸Wt¡kn-Â- hm-Zn-¨Xv- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- hn-`m-Kam-Wv-. ImtXm-en-t¡m-kv- hn-`m-Kw- A§-s\ X§Ä- Icp-Xp-¶n-Ã F¶ \n-e]m-Sm-Wv- FSp-¯Xv-. The Catholicate group contended that theyhave not repudiated the Patriarch and that by recognising thecatholicos, they have in no manner denied the ecclesiasticalsuperiority of the Patriarch (Page 16). Iq-Sm-sX A§s\ kw`hn-¨n-«n-Ãm-sb¶v- 1934þse `cWLS\ Akµn-Kv-²am-bn- {]kv-Xm-hn-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶p-. "... constitution by which the catholicosand his group were swearing affirmed in clear terms that thePatriarch is the Supreme head of the Malankara church (Page60). X§Ä- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-sâ Bßo-Im-[n-Im-cw- \n-tj[n-¡p-¶n-Ã,- F¶v- Im-tXm-en-t¡m-kv- I£n-¡m-À- kXy-{]Xn-ÚsN¿p¶p-.

Np-cp-¡¯n-Â- Atým-Jym- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- BIam-\ kpdn-bm-\n- k`bp-sS Xeh\m-Wv-. (i) BXv-ao-I tae²y-£\m-Wv-. (ii)Im-tXm-en-¡m- ae¦cbp-sS {]m-tZin-I Xeh\m-Wv-. (iii) ImtXm-en-¡ Øm-]\¯n-\v- tijw- Im-tXm-en-¡m-¡v- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv-sNbv-Xn-cp-¶ {]tXy-I D¯chm-Zn-¯§Ä- kn-²n-¨p-. (iv) Cu-A[n-Im-cw- Im-tXm-en-¡ {]tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p-. AXm-bXv- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-sâ potential authority-bpw- Im-tXm-en-¡m-bp-tSXv- opera-tive authority-bp-w- BWv-. Im-tXm-en-¡ `cWw- \n-À-Æln-¡p-¶km-lNcy-¯n-Â- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- `cW¯n-Â- CSs]Sp-¶Xv-ImtXm-en-¡m-bp-am-bp-Å Btem-N\ {]Im-cam-bn-cn-¡Ww-. AsÃ¦n-Â- k`bn-Â- Nn-´m-¡p-g¸w- Dm-Ipw-. AXm-bXv- ae¦c k`m-`cW¯n-Â- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- Original / Potential authorityþbp-w-Im-tXm-en-t¡m-kv- delegated/effective authority-bp-w- BWv-.

Atým-Jym- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-\v- Im-tXm-en-¡bp-sS taÂ-


in-£W \S]Sn-IÄ-¡v- A[n-Im-cap-tm-?- 18 A¡w- Im-t\m-³{]Im-cw- A[n-Im-cap-v-. F¶m-Â- Ct¸m-gs¯ tIkn-Â- Im-cy-an-Ã. AÐp-Å ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- _m-h h«tÈcn- Xn-cp-ta\n-sb apS¡n-bt¸m-Ä- kzm-`m-hn-I \o-Xn- (natural justice) {i²n-¨n-Ã- (Page17). 1975-þse ap-S¡n-\v- B[m-cam-bp-Å Btcm-]W§Ä- Ku-chap-Åhbpw- {]kàhpw- AÃ (t]Pv- 58)-. ap-S¡m-\p-Å ASn-Øm\w-Ft¸m-gpw- km-[p-hpw- A\p-hZ-\o-bhpw- {]kàhpw- (valid per-missible and relevent) Bb ASn-Øm-\¯n-em-bn-cn-¡Ww-. BASn-Øm-\¯n-Â- Ct¸m-gs¯ ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- _m-hm-bp-sSapS¡v- Aw-Ko-Icn-bv-¡m-hp-¶XÃ. "grounds of excommunicationcould not constitutes valid grounds..." (t]Pv- 61)-. am-À-t¯m½m-Ço-lm-bp-sS knw-lm-k\sa¶Xv- Ae¦m-c¯n- (honorofic)\m-Wv-; A[n-Im-c¯n-sâ Nn-ÓaÃ (t]Pv- 31)-. kz-bw- io-À-jIXzw-(autocephaly) F¶m-Â- DÄ-̀ cWw- F¶ AÀ-°¯n-em-Wv- ImtXm-en-¡ I£n-¡m-À- a\Ên-em-¡p-¶Xv-. Im-cWw- ]m{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn\v-`cW¯n-Â- Xp-SÀ-¶pw- A[n-Im-cw- \Â-Ip-¶p-. ChnsS ap-S¡n-\v-B[m-cam-b Cu Btcm-]W§Ä- hfsc Zp-À-_eamWv. AXp-sIm-v- ap-S¡n-\v- km-[q-IcWan-Ã. Chn-sS ap-S¡v- tIm-SXn- AwKo-Icn-¡m-̄ Xv- k`m- tbm-Pn-̧ n-\v- AXv- {]Xn-_Ôam-sW¶v- a\Ên-em-¡n-s¡m-m-Wv-. AXÃm-sX ap-S¡m-³ ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn\v- A[n-Im-can-Ãm-̄ Xp-sIm-Ã. Iq-Sm-sX ap-S¡n-\v- km-[p-X \Â-Im-sXAXn-\p-Å Im-cW§Ä- Zp-À-_eam-¡n- tIm-SXn- A\p-cRv-P\¯n-\p-Å hgn-sbm-cp-¡p-Ibm-Wv-.

k`m-kam-[m-\w- Ccp-Iq-«À-¡pw- Bhiyw-("P\m-[n-]Xy-hev-IcW¯n-eq-sS A\p-cRv-P\w?'- t]Pv 41)-

k`m- kam-[m-\¯n-\v- {]Xn-_Ô\§Ä- Gsdbp-v-. F¶m-Â-Ccp-Iq-«À-¡pw- C¶Xm-hiy-am-Wv-. \n-e\n-Â-¡p-¶ km-aq-ly-þcm{ão-b Np-äp-]m-Sn-Â- Ccp-I£n-bpw- tNÀ-¶v- {In-kv-Xo-b km-£yw-\n-À-Æln-¡bm-Wv- thXv-. thÀ-Xn-cn-ªv- hg¡Sn-¡m-sX A\p-cRv-P\t¯m-sS A\p-]q-cIam-bpw- kw-bp-àam-bpw- {]hÀ-¯n-¡m-\p-Å km-lNcyw- kr-ãn-¡Ww-. Hcp- {]Xn-kÔn-bn-Â-s¸«n-cn-¡p-¶ Im-tXm-en-t¡m-kv- I£n-¡v- kam-[m-\w- ap-¼t¯¡m-Ä-A\n-hm-cy-am-sW¶v- tXm-¶p-¶p-. Im-cWw- AXn-sâ \n-e\n-Â-¸v-tNm-Zyw-sN¿s¸«n-cn-¡p-Ibm-Wv-. Bib]chpw A²ym-ßo-Ihpw-[m-À-½n-Ihpw- t\Xr-Xz-]chpw-- Bb {]Xn-kÔn-bm-Wv- Ahn-sS\n-e\n-Â-¡p-¶Xv-. Im-tXm-en-t¡m-kv- I£n- tZiob k`bp-sS


hàm-¡fm-Wv-. AXp- k`m- hn-izm-k¯n-sâ `m-Kam-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-Ibm-Wv-. F¶n-«v- Atacn-¡³ tZio-b k`bm-¡m-\pÅ a¡m-dn-tbm-kv- sa{Xm-¨sâ {ias¯ FXn-À-¡p-¶p-. tIm-«b¯v- CXv-kw_Ôn-̈ p-Å tIkv- \n-ehn-en-cn-¡p-¶p-. (Zo-]n-I,- am-Xr-̀ qan- 1995Pq-¬- 30)-. k` tZio-bam-sW¶v- ]dbp-Ibpw- Atacn-¡³ ]uc·mÀ- (Chn-sS\n-¶p- t]m-bhcpw- Atacn-¡³ hw-iPcpw)- AhcpsSk` kz-X{ám-Wv- F¶v- ]dbp-t¼m-Ä Aw-Ko-Icn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶Xv- F{X sshcp-²y-am-Wv-. CXv- Bib]chpw- k`m-im-kv-{X]chp-am-b {]Xn-kÔn-bn-te¡v- hn-cÂ-Nq-p¶p-.

HmÀ-̄ tUm-Iv-kv- k`bn-se kaq-lw- Aw-Ko-Icn-̈ ]cn-WnX{]Ú\m-b ]u-tem-kv- tam-À- {Ko-tKm-dn-tbm-kv- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯k`bn-Â- \S¡p-¶ Agn-aXn- kw-_Ôn-̈ v- Zpx-Jn-X\m-bn- cm-Pn-h¨n-cn-¡p-Ibm-Wv-. hn-Zym-̀ ym-khpw- ZÀ-i\hp-ap-Å,- At\Isc Im-tXm-en-¡ I£n-bn-te¡v- BIÀ-jn-¡m-\pw- km-[n-̈ At±lw- Xp-d¶p-]dªp-. Cu k`bp-sS t\Xr-Xz-¯n-\v- hn-izm-ky-Xbn-Ã. \S]Sn-IÄ- h©\ \n-dªXm-Wv- F¶v-. C¯cw- Hcp- hn-aÀ-i\w- k`m-t\Xr-Xz-̄ n-Â- \n-¶p-m-sb¦n-Â- AXn-sâ t\Xr-Xzw- F{Xam{Xw-Po-À-Wn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p-. Hcp- hn-`m-K¯n-sâ t\Xr-Xz-¯n-ep-Åhnizmk XIÀ-¨bsÃ cp- Zim-Ð§Ä-¡v- ap-¼v- ]n-fÀ-¸n-\v- hgn-sXfn-bn-¨Xv-. {Ko-tKm-dn-tbm-kv- sa{Xm-¨\v- AXp- a\Ên-em-¡m-³Aev-]w- Xm-akw- h¶p- F¶p-am-{Xw-.

Ct¸m-Ä `cWtaän-cn-¡p-¶ tae-²y-£·m-cp-sS t\Xr-Xz-Kp-Ww- Adn-bm-³ Zn-\]{Xw- hm-bn-¨m-Â- aXn-bm-Ipw-. AXn-s\¸än-A[n-Iw- ]dtb Im-cy-an-Ã. Xn-cp-h\´]p-cw- ]Ån-t¡kp-IÄ-t]m-se Agp-In-b tIkp-sI«p-IÄ- k`bp-sS Po-À-®Xbm-Wv-hyàam-¡p-¶Xv-. t\Xr-Xz-¯n-sâ [m-À-½n-IþBßo-I ]n-t¶m-¡m-hØ Im-tXm-en-¡ I£n-sb \bn-¡p-¶Xv- ]q-À-® {]Xn-kÔn-bn-te¡pw- Bßo-I iq-\y-Xbn-te¡p-am-bn-cn-¡pw-. ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- I£n-bp-sS 1958þse AhØbm-Wn-Xv-. A¶v- ]m{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- I£n- Pbn-¨m-epw- \n-e\n-Â-¡m-³ km-[n-¡p-Ibn-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p-. C¶v- Im-tXm-en-t¡m-kv- I£n-¡v- ]cn-]qÀ® A\p-Iq-eam-bn- tIkv- hn-[n- h¶m-Â-t]m-epw- \n-e\n-Â-¡m-³ km[n-¡m-¯ AhØbm-Wv-. AXn-\v- hy-Xym-kw- hcWsa¦n-Â- k`bnÂ-kam-[m-\w- ssIhcWw-. CXn-Â- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- I£n-¡v- XmÂ-]cy-ap-v-. Im-cWw- k`bp-sS Hcp- ]£¯n-sâ {]Xn-kÔnbpw-At[m-KXn-bpw- \n-kw-KXtbm-sS t\m-¡n-\n-Â-¡m-³ [m-À-½n-Iaq-ey-§Ä-¡v- hn-e IÂ-¸n-¡p-¶ Hcp- k`bv-¡v- km-[n-¡p-Ibn-Ã.


tcJþ9

ae¦c k`m- tIkv-

kp-{]ow-tIm-SXn- hn-[n-þþAhtem-I\w-bq-lm-t\m-³ am-À- an-en-̄ n-tbm-kv- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-̄

Im-tXm-en-t¡m-kv-]£¯n-sâ ]p-Xn-b hàm-hm-bn- cw-K{]thi\w-sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶ bq-lm-t\m-³- tam-À- an-en-¯n-tbm-kv- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m-1995þse kp{]ow-tIm-SXn- hn-[n-sb hn-iIe\w- sNbv-Xv- "BßZo-]'-¯nÂ-Fgp-Xn-b Hcp- teJ\am-Wn-Xv-. ap-Jy-a{ń- F.sI. BâWn-tbbpw- {io-D½³-Nm-n-tbbpw- kq-Nn-ap-\bn-Â- \n-À-̄ n- hn-aÀ-in-¡p-¶ Ct±lw- BhÀ-¯n-̈ p- ]dbp-¶Xv- "kp-{]ow-tIm-SXn- hn-[n- \S¸m-¡W'-sa¶m-Wv-. At±lw-]dbp-¶Xv- At±lw-Xs¶ hn-iIe\w- \S¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶ Cu hn-[n-tb¡p-dn-¨m-sW¶Xv-- kuIcy-]q-À-Æw- ad¨p-h¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xm-tWm- ad¶p-t]m-bXmtWm- F¶v- \n-iv-NbanÃ.

At±l¯n-sâ C¶s¯ \n-e]m-Sp-Ifp-sS ]iv-Nm-¯e¯n-Â-Gsd {i²m-À-lam-b Cu Ir-Xn- kq-£v-ahm-b\bv-¡p- ]cym-]v-Xam-Wv-.

C¡gn-ª Pq-¬- 20þ\v- ̀ m-cX¯n-sâ- ]ctam-¶X \o-Xn-]o-Tam-bkp-{]ow-tIm-SXn- kap-Zm-btIkn-Â- \Â-In-b hn-[n- ]e Im-cW§fm-Â- kp-{][m-\hpw- \n-À-®m-bIhp-am-Wv-. hn-[n-bp-sS DÅS¡w-kw-_Ôn-¨v- ]{Xam-²y-a§fn-Â- h¶ hm-À-¯IÄ hfscb[n-Iw-Nn-´m-¡p-g¸ap-m-¡p-¶ hn-[¯n-em-bn-cp-¶p-.

km-lNcyw-kp-{]ow-tIm-SXn-bn-Â- k`m-tIkv- hm-Zw- tI«Xv- aq-¶v- PUv-Pn-am-cS§p-¶ _©m-Wv-. P. klm-bv,- P. Fkv-.kn-. sk³,- P. _n-.]n.Po-h³sdÍn- F¶n-hcn-Â- P. klm-bn-bmbn-cp-¶p- A²y-£³.Pq¬- 20þ\v- hn-[n- ]dbp-t¼m-Ä P. klm-bv- am-{Xta lm-Pcm-bn-cp-¶pÅp. aäv- cp-t]À- hy-àn-]cam-b Im-cW§fm-Â- tIm-SXn-bn-Â- hcn-Ibp-m-bn-Ã. P. klm-bn- Fgp-Xn-b hn-[n-\ym-b¯nsâ{]kà `m-K§Ä At±lw- 20 an-\n-äp-sIm-v- hm-bn-¨p-Xo-À-¯p.Ahkm-\am-bn- Xsâ \n-Ka\§fn-Â-\n-¶v- Aev-]w- hy-Xy-kv-Xamb\ne]m-Sm-Wv- aäv- cv- PUv-Pn-am-À- kzo-Icn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xv- F¶pw-AXnsâ {]kà`m-Kw- Xm-³Xs¶ ]dbp-¶p- F¶pw- At±lw-{]kv-Xm-hn-¨p-. 1934þÂ- ]m-km-¡n- Im-em-Im-e§fn-Â- t`ZKXn-sNbvXn-«pÅ k`m-̀ cWLS\ Aw-Ko-Icn-̈ n-«p-v- F¦n-epw- Bb


Xn-sâ 68þmw- hIp-¸v- 1971 P\p-hcn- 1 ap-XÂ- AØn-cs¸Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p¶p- F¶p-am-Whcp-sS \n-Ka\w- F¶dn-bn-¨v- tIm-SXn-]ncnªp-. hn[n-bp-sS ]IÀ-¸v- e`n-¡m-³ {ian-¨p- F¦n-epw- AXv-e`n-¨Xv- ]ntä¶v- sshIp-t¶cw- am-{Xam-Wv-. Cu kaba{Xbpw-tIm-SXn-bn-Â- ]dªp-tI« Im-cy-§Ä am-{Xw- h v̈- hm-À-̄ {]Ncn-¡p-Ibm-bn-cp-¶p-.

Aev-]w- km-t¦Xn-IXzw-C³Uy-bp-sS \o-Xn-\ym-b{Iaa\p-kcn-¨v- aq-¶v- PUv-Pn-am-À- tI«Hcp- tIkn-Â- cp-t]À- Htc A`n-{]m-bhpw- Hcm-Ä- hn-cp-² A`n-{]m-bhpw- {]ISn¸n-̈ m-Â- cp-t]cp-tSXv- hn-[n- F¶pw- Hcm-fp-tSXv-hn-tbm-P\¡p-dn-¸v- F¶pw- Adn-bs¸Sp-Ibpw- ̀ q-cn-]£m-`n-{]m-bw-{]m-_ey-̄ n-em-hp-Ibpw-sN¿pw-. F¶m-Â- Cu tIkn-Â- ̀ q-cn-]£m-`n-{]m-bw- ]q-À-®am-bn- cp- Zn-hkt¯¡v- Adn-bm-Xn-cn-¡p-Ibpw-\yq-\]£m-̀ n-{]m-bw- hn-[n-bm-bn- sXän-[cn-¡s¸Sp-Ibpw-sNbv-Xp.Cu km-lNcyw- \o-Xn-\ym-bNcn-{X¯n-Â- A]q-À-Æam-Wv-.

Pq-¬- 21þmw- Xo-bXn- e`n-¨ hn-[n-]IÀ-¸n-Â- `q-cn-]£m-`n-{]mbw- Is¯n- sXän-²m-cW \o-¡n- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- hn-`m-K¯n-\p-m-b hn-Pbw- a\Ên-em-¡n-bt¸m-tg¡pw- sSen-hn-j³,-tdUn-tbm,- ]{X§Ä- F¶n-hbn-eq-sS ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- hn-`m-Kw-At¼ ]cm-Pbs¸«p- F¶ hm-À-¯bv-¡v- {]Nm-chpw- kaq-la²y-¯n-Â- Aw-Ko-Im-chpw- e`n-¨p-Ign-ªn-cp-¶p-. kXy-hn-izm-kn-IÄ-¡p-m-b Zpx-J¯n-\pw- A¦em-¸n-\pw- Bcp-¯cw- ]dbm-³!

Bap-Jw-Cu hn-jb¯n-Â- ^bÂ- sN¿s¸« Ccp-\q-ä¼tXm-fw- tIkp-Ifn-Â- {]m-Xn-\n-[y-kz-`m-hap-Å F«p- tIkp-Ifm-Wv- sslt¡m-SXn-bn-Â- ]cn-KWn-¡s¸«n-cp-¶Xv-. k`m-tIkn-Â- sslt¡m-SXn-knw-Kn-Ä- _©n-Â- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- hn-`m-K¯n-\\p-Iq-eam-bpw-Unhn-j³ _©n-Â- Im-tXm-en-¡m- hn-̀ m-K¯n-\\p-Iq-eam-bpw- hn[n-bp-m-bn-. Cu Xo-À-̧ p-Ifn-t·Â- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- hn-̀ m-Kw- kp{]ow-tIm-SXn-bn-Â- \Â-In-b kv-s]jy-Â- eo-hv- s]äo-j³ A\p-hZn-¨p-sIm-m-Wv- kp-{]ow-tIm-SXn-bn-Â- tIkv- ]cn-KW\bv-s¡Sp-̄ Xv.ImelcWs¸« cv- tIkp-IÄ Ign-¨v- sam-¯w- Bdv- tIkp-IfmWv- tIm-SXn-bp-sS ]cn-KW\bn-ep-m-bn-cp-¶Xv-. ChsbÃmw-Im-tXm-en-¡m-]£w- ^bÂ- sNbv-Xn-cp-¶hbm-Wv-.

At]£IÄCu tIkp-Ifn-Â- sam-¯w- A©v- Xm-Xv-]cy-§Ä (Plea)- BWv-.Im-tXm-en-¡m-]£w- D¶bn-¨n-cp-¶Xv-. 1)- ae¦cbn-se 1064 ]Ån-


Ifpw- kz-¯p-¡fpw- Im-tXm-en-t¡än-tâXm-Wv-. 2)- 1934þse `cWLS\ k`bv-¡v- sam-¯¯n-Â- _m-[Iam-Wv-. 3)- Im-tXm-en¡m-Xeh\m-bp-Å k`bn-Â- hn-iz-kn-¡m-̄ h\v- Cu k`bn-Â- \nba]cam-b bm-sXm-c[n-Im-chp-an-Ã. 4)- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- hn-`m-Ks¯sa{Xm-·m-À- k`bn-se ]Ån-Ifn-epw- kz-¯p-¡fn-epw- {]thin-¡cpXv-. 5)- 1912þse Im-tXm-en-¡m- Øm-]\¯n-sâ tijw-ae¦cbn-Â- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-sâ Øm-\w- sNdp-Xm-bn- iq-\ym-hØbn-se¯n-.

Nn-´m-hn-jbw-Cu A©v- At]£Isf ]cn-KWn-¨v- NÀ-¨ sN¿p-¶Xn-\m-bn-sslt¡m-SXn- sam-¯w- 31 Nn-´m-hn-jb§Ä (Cjyq)- cq-]o-Icn-¨n-cp-¶p-. Cu Nn-́ m-hn-jb§Ä- kp-{]ow-tIm-SXn-bn-Â- P. klmbn-AtX]Sn- ]cn-KWn-¨t¸m-Ä aäv- cv- PUv-Pn-am-À- FÃmw- kw-{Kln¨v- F«v- Nn-´m-hn-jb§fm-¡p-Ibm-Wp-m-bXv-. CXv- {it²bam-Wv-. Cu cp- PUv-Pn-am-cpw- tIkn-t\m-Sv- Xn-I¨pw- ]p-Xn-sbm-cp-kao-]\w- kzo-Icn-¨p- F¶m-Wv- \mw- a\Ên-em-t¡Xv. C¯cw-\S]Sn- kp-{]ow-tIm-SXn-bn-Â- A]q-À-Æam-Wv-.

s]m-Xp-kao-]\w-Chn-Sw- ap-Xep-Å Im-cy-§fn-Â- tIm-SXn- hn-[n- F¶ AÀ-°¯nÂ-]cn-KWn-¡p-¶Xv- ̀ q-cn-]£hn-[n-bm-Wv-. \yq-\]£m-̀ n-{]m-b¯n\v-\n-ba¯n-sâ Zr-ãn-bn-Â- \n-e\n-ev-]n-Ã F¶v- ap-³]v- ]dªn-«p-sÃm-.

kp-{]ow-tIm-SXn-bp-sS hn-[n-bn-Â- {]ISam-bn-cn-¡p-¶ Nn-es]m-Xp- kao-]\§fp-v-. Chbp-sS shfn-̈ ¯n-em-Wv- _. PUvPn-amÀ- Im-cy-§Ä-¡v- Xo-À-̧ v- Iev-]n-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶Xv-. 1)- ae¦c k` GIam-Wv-. AXn-sâ Xeh³ At´m-Jym- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kpw- {]m-tZinIXeh³ Im-tXm-en-t¡m-kp-am-Wv-. 2)- ae¦c k`bv-¡v- DÄ-`cWkzm-X{ý-ap-v-. 3)- Cu k`bn-Â- `cWw- \St¯Xv- 1934þÂ-]m-km-¡n-b `cWLS\ {]Im-cam-Wv-. 4)- GXv- `cWLS\bpw-km-am-\y- \o-Xn-bpw- P\m-[n-]Xy- X¯z-§fpw- kw-c£n-¡p-¶Xm-bn-cn-¡Ww-. 5)- CShI ]Ån-Ifp-sS kz-̄ p-¡Ä- ̀ cn-¡s¸tSXv-]Ån- s]m-Xp-tbm-K¯m-em-Wv-. 6)- H¶m-bn-cp-¶ k` 1971 P\p-hcn- H¶p-ap-XÂ- hn-`Pn-Xam-bn- \n-Â-¡p-¶p-. Cu Xo-bXn- ap-XÂ-Hcp- hn-`m-K¯n-\pw- k`bp-sS HutZym-Kn-I {]m-Xn-\n-[yw- AhIm-is¸Sm-³ km-²y-aÃ. 7)- k`,- Ccp- hn-̀ m-K§fpw- tbm-Pn-̈ v- H¶mbn-¯o-cWw-. 8)- A{]Im-cw- H¶m-Ip-t¼m-Ä A\o-Xn-]cam-bbmsXmcp- LSIhpw- AXn-sâ ̀ cWssien-bn-Â- DÄ-s¸Sp-̄ cpXv.


ap-IfnÂ- ]dª s]m-Xp- kao-]\ X¯z-§fp-sS ASn-Øm-\¯nÂ- FÃm- {][m-\s¸« tNm-Zy-§Ä¡pw- tIm-SXn- D¯chp-IÄ- \Â-In-bn-«pv-. Ah Np-hsS tNÀ-¡p-¶p-. ({_m-¡än-Â- hn-[n-\ym-b¯n-se t]Pv- \¼À-)-.

]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv-Atým-Jym-bp-sS ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-s\ tNm-Zyw- sN¿m-sX k`m-Xeh\m-bn- Ghcpw- F¡m-e¯pw- Aw-Ko-Icn-¨n-«p-v- (48)-.C¡mcyw- 1653þse Iq-\³Ip-cn-ip- kXy-̄ n-epw- ]«Xz-̄ n-sâ ]n³Xp-SÀ-¨sb¡p-dn-¨p-Å hn-izm-k¯n-epw- {]ISam-Wv- (49)-. ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- Hcp- Im-e¯pw- ae¦cbn-Â eu-In-Im-[n-Im-cw- I¿m-fp-Itbm- AXn-\m-{Kln-¡p-Itbm- sNbv-Xn-«n-Ã (49)-. 1912þÂ- Im-tXm-en-¡m- Øm-]\w- ]p-\cp-²cn-¨p- F¶Xp-sIm-v- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-\v- k`bp-sS taep-Å A[n-Im-c§Ä- \ãam-Ip-¶n-Ã (71)-.F¶m-Â- kam-ć`cWw- Dm-Im-Xn-cn-¡m-³ thn- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- Xsâ A[n-Im-c§Ä- ae¦c k`tbm-Sp-Å Btem-N\bnepw- _Ô¯n-epw- \n-À-Æln-t¡Xm-Ip-¶p- (51,- 52,- 73)-. ]m{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-\v- Im-tXm-en-¡sb ap-S¡m-³ A[n-Im-cap-v- F¶v- CutIkn-sâ ]iv-Nm-¯e¯n-Â- Xo-cp-am-\n-¡p-¶p- (58,- 74)-. F¶mÂ-BbXv- km-ch¯pw- Xm-¯zn-Ihp-am-b Im-cW§fp-sS ASn-Øm-\¯n-Â- Bbn-cn-¡Ww- F¶p- am-{Xw- (58,- 74)-. 1975þse ap-S¡v-km-ch¯m-b Im-cW§fp-sS A`m-h¯n-Â- Akm-[p-hm-Wv- (61,-74)-. ae¦c k` \n-Êw-ibw- kp-dn-bm-\n- k`bp-sS Hcp- `m-Khpw-kp-dn-bm-\n- k`bp-sS Xeh³ ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kp-am-Ip-¶p-. C¡mcyw-1934þse `cWLS\bn-epw- k½Xn-¨n-«p-v- (56)-.

CShI ]Ån-IÄ-CShI ]Ån-IÄ Cu tIkn-Â- I£n-IfÃm-¯Xn-\m-Â- Ahsc_m-[n-¡p-¶ bm-sXm-cp- D¯chpw- ]p-ds¸Sp-hn-¡m-³ tIm-SXn- Hcp-¡aÃ (66)-. tIkn-sâ Bcw-`¯n-Â- X§sf¡q-Sn- I£n- tNÀ-¡Wsa¶v- CShI ]Ån-IÄ- Bhiy-s¸«p- F¦n-epw- \n-ckn-Ïm-cyw- tIm-SXn- A\p-kv-acn-¡p-¶p-. k` F¸n-kv-tIm-¸Â- k`bm-sW¶p-Å Im-tXm-en-t¡m-kv- hn-`m-K¯n-sâ hm-Zs¯ ]cm-aÀ-in¨v,- tIm-SXn- ]dªn-cn-¡p-¶Xv; F¸n-kv-tIm-¸Â- F¶ ]Zw-sIm-v- CShI ]Ån-Ifp-sS kz-̄ n³taep-Å ̀ cWm-[n-Im-camWv-Dt±in-¡p-¶Xv- F¦n-Â- A§s\ Hcp- \n-hr-¯n- \Â-Ip-hm-³tImSXn- Hcp-¡aÃ (67)-. ae¦c sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m-bp-sS A[n-Im-cw- kap-Zm-btIkn-Â- ]dbp-¶Xp-t]m-se s]m-Xp- kz-¯p-¡fpsStaÂ- am-{Xam-bn-cn-¡pw- (69,- 70)-. Ct±l¯n-t\m- Im-tXm-


en-¡m-t¡m- CShI sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m-bv-t¡m- CShI ]Ån-IfpsS kz-¯p-¡fp-sStaÂ- A[n-Im-cw- Dm-bn-cn-¡p-¶XÃ (67)-. 1934þse `cWLS\ hn-`m-h\w- sN¿p-¶ taÂ-t\m-« (kq-¸À-sshkdn)- A[n-Im-cam-Wv- ChÀ-¡v- CShI ]Ån-IÄ- taep-ÅXv-(67)-. Np-cp-¡¯n-Â- CShI ]Ån-Ifp-sS kz-¯p-¡sf _m-[n-¡p-¶ bm-sXm-cp-¯chpw- tIm-SXn- ]p-ds¸Sp-hn-¨n-«n-Ã F¶Xn-\m-Â- Ah Cu hn-[n- ap-Jm-ń-cw- bm-sXm-cp- {]bm-khpw- t\cn-tSn-hcn-Ibn-Ã. ]Ån- kz-¯p-¡Ä Im-tXm-en-t¡än-tâXm-Wv-F¶ hm-Zw- tImSXn- XÅn- F¶À-°w-. CShI ]Ån-Ifp-sSkz-¯p- kw-_Ôn-¨v- Ah km-\ Xo-cp-am-\w-. CShI s]m-Xp-tbm-Khpw- tbm-K¯m-Â- sXc sªSp-¡s¸Sp-¶ kan-Xn-Ifp-am-Wv-FSp-t¡Xv- (66,- 69)-.

`cWLS\1934þÂ- \ym-bm-\p-kcWw- Iq-Sn-b tbm-K¯n-Â- ]m-km-¡n- ]n-Â-¡m-e¯v- ]cn-jv-Icn-¨ `cWLS\ k`¡v- _m-[Iam-Wv- (72)-.F¶m-Â- Cu ̀ cWLS\bp-sS 68þmw- (Ct¸m-gs¯ 71þmw)- hIp v̧-]e Im-cW§fm-Â- \n-e\n-Â-¡n-Ã (79þ80)-. Cu AhØbv-¡v-1971 P\p-hcn- 1 ap-XÂ- ap-³Im-e {]m-_eyw- \Â-Is¸«n-«p-v- (75).1970 Un-kw-_À- 31þ\v- am-Xyq-kv- {]Yasâ sXcsªSp-¸v- hn-`P\Zn\am-bn-«m-Wv- tIm-SXn- IW¡m-¡p-¶Xv-. AXn-\p-tijap-ÅbmsXm-cp- kan-Xn-sbbpw- Øm-\n-sbbpw- tIm-SXn- Aw-Ko-Icn-¡p-¶n-Ã (75)-. CXn-s\m-c]hm-Zw- am-Xyq-kv- Zz-n-Xo-bsâ sXcsªSp v̧,-hm-gv-N F¶n-h am-{Xam-Wv- (75,- 76)-. F¶m-Â- ChÀ- ae¦c sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-̄ am-cm-bn- tIm-SXn- IW¡m-¡p-¶n-Ã F¶Xn-\m-Â- ChÀ-¡v- `cWm-[n-Im-can-Ã. Im-tXm-en-¡m-bp-sS A[n-Im-c§fn-Â-sa{Xm³ hm-gv-N Atkm-kn-tbj\n-Ãm-¯Xn-\m-Â- km-[n-¡p-IbnÃ.

1971 P\p-hcn- 1þ\p- tijap-Å Atkm-kn-tbj³,- am-t\PnMv-I½n-än,- hÀ-¡nMv- I½n-än,- k`m- {Skv-än-am-À-,- sk{I«dn- F¶sXÃmw-Akv-Yn-cs¸Sp-̄ s¸«n-cn-¡p-¶p-. k`m-̀ m-chm-ln-IÄ-,- Øm-\n-IÄ-F¶ \n-ebn-Â- ChÀ-¡v- {]hÀ-¯n-¡m-³ km-[n-¡p-Ibn-Ã. CuXo-cp-am-\w- FSp-¡p-hm-³ tIm-SXn-sb t{]cn-¸n-¨ Im-cy-§Ä hn[n-\ym-b¯n-Â- hy-àam-¡n-bn-«p-v-. 1)- ap-f´p-cp-¯n- kp-¶ltZm-kn-sâ Xo-cp-am-\§fp-sS Xm-Xv-]cyw- k`bp-sS ̀ cW¯n-Â- {]Xn-ên-t¡Xm-Wv- (76þ78,- 81)-. Chn-sS CShI ]Ån-Isf¡m-Ä-k`bn-Â- sam-̄ ¯n-ep-Å P\s¯bm-Wv- am-\ZÞam-bn- ImtWXv- F¶p- tIm-SXn- \n-À-t±in-¡p-¶p-. CShIbn-ep-Å Aw-K


kwJy-bp-sS hep-¸w- Im-Wm-sX Xs¶ GhÀ-¡pw- aq-¶v- {]Xn-\n-[n-IÄ- F¶ \b¯n-sâ km-[p-Xsb tNm-Zyw-sNbv-X ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- hn-`m-K¯n-sâ hm-Zw- tIm-SXn- Nq-n-¡m-Wn-¡p-¶p-(78, 79). 2)- 1934þse `cWLS\ 4þmw- hIp-¸n-Â- hn-. am-tam-Zo-km-kzo-Icn¨v- hn-izm-km-NcW¯n-Â- \n-Â-¡p-¶ Ghcpw- k`mw-K§fm-Wv- F¶ \n-bm-aIX¯zw- 68þmw- hIp-¸n-Â ew-Ln-¡s¸«n-cn-¡p-¶p- F¶mWv- tIm-SXn-bp-sS Is¯Â- (76,- 78)-. C¡m-cyw- D¶bn-¨p-sIm-v- hÀ-j§Ä-¡p- ap-³]v- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- hn-`m-Kw- \Â-In-b ]cm-Xn- (kv-Iow- kq-«v)- Chn-sS A\p-hZn-¡s¸«n-cn-¡p-¶Xm-bn- Im-Wmw-. ae¦c k`m- Atkm-kn-tbj³ tbm-Kw- P\m-[n-]Xy- X¯z-§ fpsS ew-L\w- \S¯p-Ibm-Wv- 68þmw-hIp-¸n-eq-sS F¶v- am-{XaÃ Cu Atkm-kn-tbj³ k`bn-seP\¯n-sâ Xm-Xv-]cy-s¯ {]Xn-\n-[o-Icn-¡p-¶p-an-Ã (78)-.

Cu Ip-dhp-IÄ- ]cn-lcn-¡m-³ tIm-SXn- \n-À-t±in-¡p-¶amÀ¤w- 68þmw- hIp-¸pw- aäv- kw-KX§fm-b hIp-¸p-Ifpw- ap-Ifn-Â-]dªXm-b X¯z-§sf DÄ-s¡m-v- ]cn-jv-Icn-¡p-I F¶XmWv-(It may therefore, be necessary to substitute clause 68 (now 71)and other relevant clauses of the constitution to achieve theaforesaid objective which would also affirm the democraticPrinciple... P. 80). Cu ]cn-jv-Im-c¯n-\m-h-iy-am-b \n-À-t±i§Ä-aq-¶p-am-k¯n-\Iw- tIm-SXn-bn-Â- kaÀ-̧ n-t¡Xm-Wv- F¶v- \nÀ-t±in-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p- (80)-. Cu \n-À-t±i§Ä- ]cn-KWn-¨v- tIm-SXn-D¯chv- ]p-ds¸Sp-hn-¡p-Ibpw- AXn-sâ ASn-Øm-\¯n-Â- am-{Xw-sXcsªSp-¸p- \S¯n- Atkm-kn-tbj³ tNtcXm-Wv- (80)-.Cu Atkm-kn-tbj³ ap-Ifn-Â- ]dªhn-[¯n-Â- k`m- P\¯nsâ Xm-Xv-]cy-s¯ {]Xn-ên-¸n-¡p-¶Xm-Wv- (81)-. C§s\Hcp- tbm-Kw- tNcp-¶Xp-hsc aäv- kan-Xn-IÄ-t¡m- Øm-\n-IÄ-t¡m-{]hÀ-¯n-¡m-³ A\p-hm-Zan-Ã. F¶m-Â- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- hn-`m-Ks¯ sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-̄ m-am-À- {]hÀ-̄ n-¡p-¶Xn-s\Xn-sc hn-e¡v-Iev-]n-¡Ww- F¶ Bhiyw- tIm-SXn- kzo-Icn-̈ n-«n-Ã. AhÀ- GXp-Xc¯n-Â- CShI ]Ån-Ifp-sS {]hÀ-¯\s¯ XSÊs¸Sp-¯p¶p- F¶v- tIm-SXn-¡v- a\Ên-em-Ip-¶n-Ã F¶v- hn-[n-bn-Â- ]dbp¶p- (67)-. Cu hn-[n-bn-eq-sS ae¦c k`bn-Â- sFIy-hpw- AJÞXbpw- Dm-Ipw- F¶ {]Xym-itbm-sS tIm-SXn- hn-[n- \ymbw-D]kw-lcn-¡p-¶p-.

D]kw-lm-cw-]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- hn-`m-Ks¯ kw-_Ôn-¨n-St¯m-fw- F{Xbpw-


A\p-Iq-eam-sbm-cp- hn-[n-bm-Wv- _. kp-{]ow-tIm-SXn-bn-Â-\n-¶pw-e`n-¨n-«p-ÅXv-. C¡m-cyw- X¡kab¯v- P\s¯ Adn-bn-¡m-³Ign-ªn-Ã F¶Xp- am-{Xam-Wv- tJZw-. ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- hn-`m-Kw-k`m-tbm-Pn-¸n-sâ Im-ew-ap-XÂ- Bhiy-s¸«n-«pw- A¶s¯ k`m-t\Xr-Xzw- Aw-Ko-Icn-¡m-sX ]p-Ñn-¨p-XÅn-b ]e Im-cy-§fpw-Ct¸m-Ä tIm-SXn- Aw-Ko-Icn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p-. Atkm-kn-tbjsâP\{]m-Xn-\n-[y-kz-`m-hw,- CShI kz-¯p-¡fp-sS kzm-X{ýw-F¶n-h Ahbn-Â- {][m-\s¸«hbm-Wv-. sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯ hm-gn-¡s¸«m-epw- P\§fm-Â- Aw-Ko-Icn-¡s¸SWw- F¶v- Cu hn-[n-bn-Â- hy-àam-¡s¸«n-cn-¡p-¶p-. ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-t\m-Sp-Å ImtXm-en-¡m-bp-sS Xp-ey-Øm-\o-bXzw,- ae¦c k`bp-sS kz-bw- io-À-jIXz-hm-Zw,- kz-X{´ k`m-hm-Zw- F¶o- Im-tXm-en-¡m- ]£\ne]m-Sp-IÄ- kp-{]ow-tIm-SXn- kw-ibteian-Ãm-sX \n-ckn-¨n-cn-¡p¶p. ssZh¯n-sâ Afhä Icp-Wsb \ap-¡v- al¯z-s¸Sp¯mw. kXy-hn-izm-k¯n-\p-thn- t]m-cm-Sn- acWw- hcn-¨ hn-.]n-Xm-¡-·m-sc \ap-¡v- ]p-Igv-̄ mw-. Xp-SÀ-¶p-Å Im-cy-§Ä- sFIy-t¯m-Spw,- Iq-«m-b Btem-N\tbm-Spw- k`m- kan-Xn-Ifp-sS Xo-cp-am-\{]Im-chpw- ssZhm-{ibt_m-[¯n-Â- \ap-¡v- \n-À-Æln-¡mw.


tcJþ10

ae¦c k`bn-se Ccp-]Xmw-\q-äm-n-se `n-¶n-¸v-

kJdn-bm- tam-À- \n-t¡m-fm-thm-kv-

]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- ]£¯p-\n-¶pw- Ahkm-\am-bn- Iq-dp-am-dn-b tam-À- \nt¡m-fm-thm-kv- ae¦ck`m-Ncn-{Xw- sFÑn-Iam-bn- FSp-¯v- ]Tn-¨ Bfm-Wv-.At±l¯n-sâ {]_Ôw- B{ibam-¡n- 1990þÂ- At±lwXs¶- ap-f´pcp¯n- sshZn-I skan-\m-cn-bpsS Excelsior F¶ {]kn-²o-IcW¯n-Â-Fgp-Xn-b teJ\¯nsâ ]cn-`m-jbm-Wn-Xv-. Ct¸mÄ- ]cn-ip-²KW¯nÂ-At±lhpw- [q-]w- hbv¡p¶ h«ticn-Â Xn-cp-ta\n-bp-sS {]hÀ-¯\§sf¡p-dn-̈ pÅ Cu hn-ebn-cp-̄ Â- khn-tij{i² BIÀ-jn-¡p-¶p-. ASn-¡p-dn-¸p-IÄ- ]cn-`m-jI³- tNÀ-¯Xv-.

Bap-Jw-ae¦c k`bn-Â- Ccp-]Xmw- \q-äm-n-sâ BZy-]m-Z§fn-Â- sXm«p-ap-¼s¯ \q-äm-n-Â- Dm-b cv- `n-¶XIsf¡m-Ä- \n-À-®m-bIam-b Hcp- t\Xr-Xz- adp-Xen-̧ v- t\cn-tSn-h¶p-. tam-À- Zn-h¶m-tkym-kv- Bdm-a³ sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m-1bp-sS \n-À-_Ô_p-²n-bpw-GIm-[n-]Xy-kz-̀ m-hhpw- ]u-cm-Wn-Iam-b k`m-]m-c¼cy-§Ä-¡p-hn-t[bs¸Sp-hm-\p-Å ssha\ky-hpw- aq-ew- Cý-bn-se kn-dn-b³ HmÀ-¯tUm-Iv-kv- k`bn-ep-m-b hn-\m-iIchpw- A\h[m-\]q-À-hhp-am-b kzm-[o-\§Ä- Ncn-{Xw- Ku-cham-bn- ]Tn-¡p-¶hn-Zym-À-°n-¡v- Hcp- ]m-Tam-Wv-. tZio-bhpw- hÀ-Ko-bhp-am-b ]cn-an-Xn-Isf AXn-Po-hn-¡p-¶ k`m-hn-Úm-\o-bs¯ DÄ-s¡m-Åp-hm³ Ign-hn-Ãm-¯ Zn-im-t_m-[w- sXän-b GXm-\pw- tZio-bhm-Zn-Ifp-sS ]n-³Xp-Wbpw- At±l¯n-\v- Cu bXv-\¯n-ep-m-bn-cp¶p.kp-dn-bm-\n- HmÀ-¯tUm-Iv-kv- k`mw-K§Ä- C¶pw- A\p-`hn-¨p-sIm-ncn-¡p-¶ ̀ n-¶Xbp-sSbpw- Akzm-cky-̄ n-sâbpw- A\ćê§Ä- ChÀ- hn-X¨ hn-¯n-Â-\n-¶p-Åhbm-Wv-. kn-hnÄ- tImSXn-Ifn-Â- X§fp-sSbpw- DuÀ-Öhpw- [\hpw- kabhpw- sNehgn-t¡n-hcn-I F¶ hn-[n- kn-dn-b³ HmÀ-¯tUm-Iv-kv- {In-kv-Xym-

1. h«ticn-Â- tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kv-


\n-IÄ-¡p-m-bn-. sFIy-{]Øm-\§fpw- FIyp-sa\n-¡Â-{]Øm-\§fpw- iàam-bn-cn-¡p-¶ Cu Im-eL«¯n-Â-t]m-epw-At¸m-kv-Xen-I]m-c¼cyw- AhIm-is¸Sp-¶ Cu ]u-cm-Wn-I k`Zie£¡W¡n-\v- ]Whpw- Bbn-c¡W¡n-\v- a\p-jym-²zm-\aWn-¡q-dp-Ifpw- hy-hlm-c§Ä-¡p-thn- sNehgn-¡p-¶ F¶bm-Ym-À-°y-¯n-\p- ap-¼n-Â- tIm-SXn-IÄ-¡p- ]p-d¯v- Cu {]iv\§Ä ]cn-lcn-¡p-hm-\pw- D¯aam-b Hcp- ss{Ikv-Xhkm-£yw-Cý-bn-se _lp-aX]iv-Nm-¯e¯n-Â- Is¯p-hm-³ km-[n-¡p-¶n-Ã.2

e`y-am-b tcJIfp-sS ]iv-Nm-¯e¯n-Â- Cu `n-¶Xbp-sSImcW§fpw- am-À-K§fpw- kw-£n-]v-Xam-bn- ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-hm-\m-Wv- Cu teJ\¯n-Â- ]cn-{ian-¡p-¶Xv-. aq-etcJIÄ Zp-À-e`hpw-Aev]am-{Xhp-am-sW¦n-epw- km-[n-¡p-¶n-St¯m-fw- kam-lcn-¡p-hm³ ]cn-{ian-¨n-«p-v-.

]iv-Nm-¯ew-Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-À- tdm-bÂ-tIm-SXn-bp-sS Ahkm-\ Xo-À-¸n-eq-sSAtým-Jym-]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-sâ A[nIm-cw- tNm-Zyw-sNbv-X \ho-IcWI£n-3¡v- H¶p-In-Â- k`hn-«p- t]m-hp-Itbm- AsÃ¦n-Â-X§fp-sS "\ho-IcW Bib§Ä'- Dt]£n-¡p-Itbm- sNt¿n-h¶ km-lNcyw- ]s¯m-³]Xmw- \q-äm-n-sâ Aý-¯n-Â-Dmbn-. AhÀ- BZy-am-À-¤w- kzo-Icn-¨v- Hcp- ]p-Xn-b "\ho-IcWk`'- cq-]o-Icn-̈ p-. ]n-¶o-Sv- ae_m-À- am-À-t¯m-am- k`4 F¶v- t]cpw-kzo-Icn-¨p-.

am-Xr-k`bpw- \ho-IcWI£n-bp-am-bp-Å XÀ-¡¯n-Â-At\Iw- Im-cy-§Ä shfn-¨¯p- hcn-Ibp-m-bn-. ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-\v- ae¦ck`bn-t·ep-Å A[n-Im-cw- F¶Xm-bn-cp-¶p- Ahbn-sem-¶v-. \ho-IcWI£n- ae¦c sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m-bv-¡v- D]cn-bm-bn- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-sâ FÃm- A[n-Im-c§sfbpw- Xp-d¶Sn¨v-\n-tj[n-¨t¸m-Ä tam-À- Zo-h-¶m-tkym-kv- A©m-asâ5 t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ- k`bp-sS {][m-\ ssIhgn- hw-io-bhpw- tZio-bhp-am-bkz-`m-h§Ä- Hs¡ \n-e\n-À-¯n-s¡m-v- ]c¼cm-KXam-b ]m-c¼cy-t¯m-Sp-tNÀ-¶v- Atým-Jym- knw-lm-k\hp-am-bp-Å _Ôw-Xp-SÀ-¶v- k`bp-sS Im-tXmen-I kz-`m-hw- \n-e\n-À-¯p-hm-³ Xo-cp-

2. tam-À- \n-t¡m-fm-thm-kv- Xs¶bm-Wv- Ct¸m-gs¯ Im-tXm-en-t¡m-kv- ]£s¯tIkv- \S¯n-̧ p-Im-c³- F¶v- tIÄ-¡p-¶p-.

3. ]n-¶o-Sv- am-À-t¯m-am -k`4. ae¦c am-À-t¯m-am- kp-dn-bm-\n- k`5. ]p-en-t¡m-«n-Â- tPm-k^v- tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kv-


am-\n-̈ p-. hfsc {i²m-À-lam-b hn-[¯nÂ- tdm-bÂ- tIm-SXn- hn[n-{]Jym-]n-¨Xv- ae¦c k`bp-sS taÂ- Atým-Jym-- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-\v- Bßn-I ]cam-²y-£X Ds¶pw- ̀ u-Xn-I§fn-t·Â- A[n-Im-c§fn-sÃ¶p-am-bn-cp-¶p-.

Cý-bn-se kp-dn-bm-\n- HmÀ-¯tUm-Iv-kv- k`bn-Â- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-sâ AhIm-i§Ä- CXn-\p-ap-¼v- XÀ-¡hn-jbam-bn-«nÃ.\ho-IcW{]Øm-\w- Cu kw-KXn-bn-ep-Å NÀ-¨bv-¡v- Bcw-`w-Ip-dn¨p. tdm-bÂ- tIm-SXn-hn-[n-t¡m- ]n-¶o-Sp-m-b hn-[n-IÄ-t¡m-Cu {]iv-\w- ]cn-lcn-¡p-hm-\m-bn-Ã. Ct¸m-gpw- Hcp- \q-äm-n-\p-tijhpw- Cu kw-KXn- ]cn-lm-cam-Im-sX Ahtijn-¡p-¶p-. CuXÀ-¡w- k`bn-Â- Hcp- hn-LS\w- kr-ãn-̈ p-sh¦n-epw- _Ôw- kw_Ôn-¨v- hfsc Ahy-àXIÄ ]cn-lcn-¡p-hm-\pw- Hcp- \n-e]mSv-FSp-¡p-hm-³ P\§sf \n-À-_Ôn-Xcm-¡p-¶Xn-\pw- CSbm-¡n.

\ho-IcW{]Øm-\w- aq-ew- k` t\cn-tSn-h¶ {]iv\§sf¡p -dn -¨ v - Btem -Nn -¡p -¶Xn -\p -thn - A¶s¯AtýmJym- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-km-bn-cp-¶ ]cn-ip-² ]t{Xm-kv- aq-¶m-a³ 1876þÂ- ap-f¯p-cp-¯n-bn-Â-h¨v- Hcp- kp-¶ltZm-kv- hn-fn-¨p-tNÀ-¯p-. ae¦c k`bn-Â- ]c¼cm-KXam-bn- \n-e\n-¶p-t]m-¶n-cp-¶ P\m-[n-]Xy- `cWk{¼Zm-bw- hy-hØm-]n-Xam-¡n- k`m-LS\bn-te¡v- sIm-p-hcp-hm-³ Cu kp-¶ltZm-kn-\p- Ign-ªp.CShI ]Ån-Ifp-sS {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifp-sS tbm-KthZn- cq-]o-Icn-¨v-"kp-dn-bm-\n- {In-kv-Xym-\n- Atkm-kn-tbj³'- F¶v- \m-aIcWw-sNbv-Xp-. s]m-Xp-Xm-ev-]cy-ap-Å hn-jb§fn-Â- Xo-cp-am-\w- FSp-¡p-¶Xn-\m-bn- Hcp- Øn-ckan-Xn-bpw- cq-]o-Icn-¨p-. ae¦c k`m-`cWhy-hØbn-Â- Dm-b Cu cq-]w- Xn-I¨pw- km-ay-aäXm-bn-cp¶p-. Hcp- Im-tXm-en-I kz-`m-hap-Å k`bn-Â- sshhn-[y-am-À-¶LS\IÄ- km-[y-am-sW¶ kw-KXn- Cu bm-Ym-À-°yw- hn-cÂ-Nqp-¶p-. Chn-Sp-s¯ km-lNcyw- ssIIm-cyw-sNbv-XXn-Â- ]m{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- Im-Wn-¨ Xp-d¶ a\x-Øn-Xn-bpw- \½p-sS {i²m-hnjbam-tIXp-v-. At±l¯n-sâ A[n-Im-cko-abn-se§pw- \nehnen-Ãm-̄ Hcp- k`m-LS\ kzo-Icn-̈ v- Aw-Ko-Icn-¡p-hm-³ At±l¯n-\p- {]bm-kan-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p-. Cu hn-[¯n-ep-Å `cWhy-hØae¦ck`bnÂ- hfsc¡m-ew- ap-¼p-Xs¶ \n-e\n-¶n-cp-¶p.

Atým-Jym- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-\v- ae¦c k`bn-t·Â- ]ucm-Wn-I ]m-c¼cy-am-bn- \n-e\n-¶p-t]m-¶n-cp-¶ Bßn-Ihpw- ù-Xn-Ihp-am-b ]cam-²y-£X hy-hØm-]n-X\n-iv-Nbam-¡p-hm-³kp¶ltZm-kn-se Btem-N\IÄ- CSbm-¡n-. Hmtcm- CShIbpw-]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-\p- hn-t[bXzw- {]Jym-]n-¡p-¶ DS¼Sn- kaÀ-¸n-


¡Wsa¶pw- Xo-cp-am-\n-¨p-. A§s\ k`bp-sS ]u-cm-Wn-I ]mc¼cyw- hy-hØm-]n-Xam-¡n- \n-bakm-[p-Xbp-ÅXm-¡p-hm-³ Ign-ªp-. CShI ]Ån-IÄ- {]tXy-I DS¼Sn-IÄ- cPn-kv-äÀ- sN¿Wsa¶v- kp-¶ltZm-kv- \n-iv-Nbn-¨Xpw- Ip-sd ]Ån-IÄ- am-{XsaA§s\ sNbv-Xp-Åq- F¶Xpw- Cu L«¯n-Â-t]m-epw- CShI]Ån-Ifp-sS X\n-abmÀ-¶ kzmX{ýw- _lp-am-\n-¡s¸«v- BZcn-¡s¸«n-cp-¶p- F¶v- hyàam-¡p-¶p-.

Cu Im-eL«¯n-Â- Atým-Jym- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-sâA[n-Im-cwkw-_Ôn-t¨m- ]p-Xp-Xm-bn- hm-gn-¡s¸« sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m-am-À- Atým-Jym- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-\v- hn-t[bXz- DS¼Sn-Fgp-Xn- cPn-kv-äÀ-sNbv-Xv- kaÀ-̧ n-¡p-¶Xn-t\m- BÀ-¡pw- bm-sXmcp-XSÊ§fpw- CÃm-bn-cp-¶p-. tam-dm-³ tam-À- ]t{Xm-kv- Xr-Xo-b³]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-\v- hn-t[bXz- DS¼Sn- cPn-kv-ädm-¡n- kaÀ-¸n-¨v-A`n-jn-àcm-b sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m-am-cn-Â- Hcm-Ä- ]cp-ae tamÀ-{Kn-tKm-dn-tbm-kv- F¶ hn-ip-²\Ãm-sX aäm-cpw- Bbn-cp-¶n-ÃF¶Xv- \mw- Chn-sS A\p-kv-acn-t¡Xp-v-. ae¦c kp-dn-bm\n-HmÀ-̄ tUm-Iv-kv- k`bp-sS ]m-c¼cy-̄ n-\p- hn-cp²am-Wv- A¯cw-Hcp- DS¼Sn- F¦n-Â- At±ls¯t¸m-sebp-Å Hcp- hy-àn-Xz-¯n-sâ DSa A{]Im-cap-Å Hcp- tcJbn-Â- H¸p-hbv-¡p-I F¶v-hn-iz-kn-¡p-I \ap-¡v- F{X Zp-jv-Icam-Wv-.

1908þÂ- ae¦c Atkm-kn-tbj³ tbm-Kw- ]gb skan-\m-cn-bn-Â- tNÀ-¶v- h«ticn-Â- Ko-hÀ-Ko-kv- d¼m-s\bpw- sIm-¨p-]d¼nÂ- ]u-tem-kv- d¼m-s\bpw- sa{Xm-³ Øm-\t¯¡v- sXcsªSp-̄ v- A`n-tjIw-sN¿s¸Sp-hm-\m-bn- Atým-Jym- ]m{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-sâ ASp-t¯¡v- Ab¨p-. A¶s¯ Atým-Jym- ]m{Xn-bÀ-¡o-km-bn-cp-¶ tam-À- A_vZp-Å Zzn-Xo-b³6 cp-t]scbpw- A`n-tjIw-sNbv-Xv- ae¦cbn-te¡v- Ko-hÀ-Ko-kv- tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkymkv-]u-tem-kv- tam-À- Iq-dn-tem-kv- F¶ sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m-am-cm-bn-aS¡n- Ab¨p-.

]p-Xn-b sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-̄ m-am-cp-sS BKa\tijw- tam-À- Zoh¶m-tkym-kv- A©m-a³ A[n-IIm-ew- Po-hn-̈ n-cp-¶n-Ã. 1909 Pqsse11þmw- Xo-bXn- hfsc Zp-jv-Ichpw- Zo-À-Lhp-am-b Hcp- Im-eL«w-ae¦c sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m- Bbn-cp-¶tijw- ]p-Xn-b sa{Xm-·m-À-h¶v- Hcp- hÀ-j¯n-\p-Ån-Â- At±lw- IS¶p-t]m-bn-. tam-À- Zoh¶m-tkym-kn-sâ Im-eL«w- ae¦c sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-̄ m- F¶ \n-ebnÂ-{]bm-kIcam-bn-cp-s¶¦n-epw- At±l¯n-sâ ]n-³Km-an-IÄ-¡mbn-

6. A¡m-e¯v- ap-S¡s¸« AÐp-Ä- av-io-lm- Po-hn-¨n-cp-¶p-sh¦n-epw- Bcpw-At±ls¯ kao-]n-¡p-¶Xn-\p- Nn-ń-¨n-«p-t]m-ep-an-Ã.


kam-[m-\m-́ co-£¯n-ep-Å Hcp- kw-LSn-X k`sb \Â-Ip-hm³At±l¯n-\p- Ign-ªp-. F¶m-Â- ]n-³Km-an-bp-sS \n-À-_Ô_p-²n-bpw- D¶Xm-̀ n-hm-Rv-Obpw- aq-ew- ae¦ck`bn-Â- kam-[m-\hpw-im-´Xbpw- Xp-Scp-hm-³ A\p-hZn-¨n-Ã.

tam-À- Zo-h-¶m-tkym-kv- A©m-asâ hn-tbm-Kthfbn-Â- tamÀ-A_v-Zp-Å ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- _m-hm- Cý-bn-te¡p-Å bm{Xm-at²y- e\n-em-bn-cp-¶p-. hn-tbm-Khm-À-¯bpw- tam-À- Zoh¶m-tkym-kv- Bdm-as\ ]p-Xn-b ae¦c sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m- Bbn-\nban-¡p-hm-\p-Å At]£bpw- AS§p-¶ tI_n-Ä- ktµiw-]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-s\¯n-¡p-Ibpw- At±lw- kt´m-j]q-À-Æw- AXv-\n-À-Æln-¡p-Ibpw-sNbv-Xp-. ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-sâ \n-ba\s¯¯p-SÀ-¶v- tIm-«bw- ]gb skan-\m-cn-bn-Â-h¨v- tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kn-sâ kpt-{´m-Wo-tkm-7 \n-À-Æln-¨p-.

tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kv- Bdm-a³ hm-gv-Nbp-sS {]m-cw-̀ ¯nÂ-Xs¶ Iq-«p- {Skv-än-am-tcm-Sp-Å s]cp-am-ä¯n-Â- Xsâ GIm-[n-]Xy-kz-`m-hw- shfn-hm-¡n-. Iq-«p{Skv-än-am-À- Iq-Sn- kq-£n-¡p-hm-³`ctaÂ-¸n-¡s¸«n-«p-Å `Þm-cap-dn-bp-sS (s_kv-Km-km- ap-dn-Treasury)- Xm-t¡m-ep-IÄ ssIam-dp-hm-³ At±lw- hn-k½Xn-¨p.Cu Xm-t¡m-ep-IÄ {Skv-än-am-cp-sS Iq-«p-̄ chm-Zn-Xz-̄ n-Â- kq£n-¡s¸tShbm-bn- Icp-Xs¸«n-cp-¶p-. F¶m-Â- tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kv- A©m-asâ \n-cym-Wtijw- tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kv- Bdm-a³ k`bp-sS Cu ]m-c¼cy-s¯ \n-tj[n-¡p-Ibpw- _kv-Km-kap-dn- Xsâ am-{Xw- ssIhi¯n-em-bn-cn-¡Wsa¶v- AhIm-is¸Sp-Ibpw-sNbv-Xp-. At±l¯n-\\p-Iq-eam-bn- Hcp- Xo-cp-am-\w- am-t\PnMv- I½n-än-bn-eq-sS FSp-¸n-¡p-hm-\pw- At±l¯n-\p- km-[n-¨p-.Cu km-lNcyw- Iq-«p-{Skv-än-am-sc Hcp- Zp-chØbn-Â- F¯n-¨p-.AhÀ- {Skv-än-am-sc¶ \n-ebn-Â- Iq-«p-¯chm-Zn-¯w- Np-aXes¸«n-cn-s¡ sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-̄ m- X\n-sb ssIIm-cyw-sNbv-Xp-h¶p-. C¯cp-W¯n-em-Wv- Atým-Jym- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- tam-À- AÐpÅm-Zzn-Xo-b³ ae¦c kµÀ-in-¨Xv-.

]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡m- kµÀ-i\w-tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kv- A©m-a³ Im-ew-sNbv-X Ahkc¯n-Â-Atým-Jy-m- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- tam-À- AÐp-Åm- cm-a³ ae¦ck`m-kµÀ-i\¯n-sâ hgn-bn-Â- e\n-Â-\n-¶pw- 1909 sk]v-Xw-_À- 24þmw-Xo-bXn- t_m-w-s_bn-Â- h¶p-tNÀ-¶p-. Ko-hÀ-Ko-kv- tamÀ-Zo-h¶m-tkym-kv- Xs¶ t\Xr-Xzw- \Â-In-b {]Xn-\n-[n- kw-Lw-

7. knw-lm-k\Ø\m-¡p-¶ (A[n-Im-cZm-\)- ip-{iq-j


Hu]Nm-cn-Iam-bn- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-sâ BKa\¯n-Â- kzo-IcWw-\Â-In-. tIcf¯n-sâ hn-hn-[ `m-K§fn-Â- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-\v-{]uVn-bpw- am-lm-ßy-hpw- tNÀ-¶ hn-]p-eam-b kzo-IcW§Ä{Iao-Icn-¡p-Ibp-m-bn-.

kzo-IcW§Ä Ahkm-\n-¨ L«¯n-Â- 1909 \hw-_À-27þmw- Xo-bXn- tIm-«bw- ]gb skan-\m-cn-bn-Â-h¨v- ]Ån- {]Xn-\n-[n-tbm-Kw- hn-fn-¨p-Iq-«p-hm-³ ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- ap-t¶m-«p- \o-§n-.1909 \hw-_À- H¶mw-Xo-bXn- ]cn-ip-²]n-Xm-hv- {]kn-²o-Icn-¨tbmKw- tNcp-hm-\p-Å t\m-«o-kn-Â- Xsâ hchv- {]tbm-P\Icam-bn-¯o-cp-hm-³ X¡h®w- Ahsc Im-Wp-hm-\pw- At]£Ifpw-Bhem-Xn-Ifpw- Adn-bp-hm-\pw- B{Kln-¡p-¶p- F¶v- Im-Wn-¨n-cp-¶p-. tbm-Kw- Ir-Xy-am-bn- \S¶Xv- 28þmw- Xo-bXn-bpw- 29þmw- XobXn-bp-am-bn-cp-¶p-. DZv-Lm-S\{]kw-K¯n-Â- Bhem-Xn-IÄ D¶bn-¡p-hm-\p-ÅhÀ- k¦SlÀ-Pn- cq-]¯n-Â- \Â-IWsa¶v- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- Bhiy-s¸«n-cp-¶p-.

]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-sâ {]kw-Kw- Aev-]w- hn-iZo-IcWw- Bhiy-ap-ÅXm-Wv-. ]p-Xn-b ae¦c sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m-bp-sS {]Yaamt\Pn-Mv- I½n-än- tbm-K¯n-Â-Xs¶ sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-̄ m-bp-w- At±l¯n-sâ Iq-«p-{Skv-än-am-cp-am-bn- XÀ-¡ap-m-b kw-KXn- hmb\¡m-cp-sS {i²bn-Â- ap-¼p-Xs¶ sIm-p-h¶n-«p-v-. Iq-«p-{Skv-än-am-cm-b tIm-\m-«v- am-¯³ tIm-À-F¸n-kv-tIm-¸m-bp-sSbpw- {io-kn.sP. Ip-cy-sâbpw- XSk§Ä hIhbv-¡m-sXXs¶ am-t\PnMv-I½n-än- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯mbv-¡v- A\p-`m-h]q-À-ham-bn- Xo-cp-am-\w-FSp-¡p-Ibpw- Ahsc shdpw- ]m-hØm-\n-Ifm-¡n- Np-cp-¡p-Ibpw-sNbv-Xp-. I½n-än- Xo-cp-am-\n-¨Xv-.

"Iq-«p-{Skv-än-am-cpw- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m-bp-am-bn- Fs´¦n-epw-XÀ-¡§Ä- Dm-Ip-¶ ]£w- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-̄ m-bp-sS Xo-cp-am\w-\n-e\n-Â-¡p-¶Xm-bn-cn-¡pw-.'-

am-t\Pn-Mv- I½n-än-bp-sS Cu Xo-cp-am-\w- Iq-«p-{Skv-än-am-cpsSkw-bp-àNp-aXebp-sS FÃm- X¯z-§sfbpw- P\m-[n-]Xy- ASn-Øm-\§sfbpw- Akm-[p-hm-¡p-hm-³ am-{Xw- ]cym-]v-Xam-Wv-.C¡m-cy-¯n-Â- ap-¼p-Xs¶ ]cm-Xn- e`n-¨n-cp-¶ ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv-kz-´\n-ebn-Â- Hcp- Ań-aXo-cp-am-\w- FSp-¡p-¶Xn-s\¡m-ÄCShI {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifp-sS tbm-K¯n-Â-hbv-¡p-¶Xm-Wv- \ÃXv-F¶v- Nn-ń-¨p-. Bsc¡p-dn-s¨¦n-epw- Fs´¦n-epw- ]cm-Xn- e`n-¨n-«p-ÅXm-bn-t¸m-epw- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- tbm-K¯n-Â- kq-Nn-¸n-¨nÃF¶Xv- {]tXy-Iw- {]kv-Xm-hy-am-Wv-. BÀ-s¡¦n-epw- D¶bn-¡p-hm-\p-s¦n-Â- Ah \n-bam-\p-kr-Xam-À-K¯n-Â- D¶bn-t¡Xm-


sW¶p- am-{Xw At±lw- {]Jym-]n-̈ p-. Atkm-kn-tbj\n-Â- hfscXp-d¶ NÀ-̈ IÄ- \S¡p-¶Xn-\p- klm-bIam-b hn-[¯nÂ- ]m{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- tbm-KthZn-bn-Â-\n-¶pw- DZv-Lm-S\{]kw-Km-\ćw-]n³hm-§p-IIq-Sn-sNbv-Xp-.

k`m-]m-c¼cy-§Ä-¡p- hn-cp-²am-bn- am-t\Pn-Mv- I½n-än- FSp-¯n-«p-Å Xo-cp-am-\¯n-sâ HuNn-Xy-s¯¡p-dn-¨v- ]cn-KWn-¡Wsa¶v- tbm-K¯n-Â- k¶n-ln-Xcm-bn-cp-¶ Nn-e Aw-K§Ä- Bhiy-s¸«p-. tbm-Kw- hy-Xy-kv-Xco-Xn-bn-te¡p- \o-§p-¶p- F¶p- Isa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m-bp-sS ]n-´p-W¡m-À- {]iv-\hn-jbw- am-äp-hm-³]cn-{ian-̈ p-sIm-v- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- k`bp-sS ̀ u-Xn-IIm-cy-§fnÂ-CSs]Sp-¶p- F¶v- Bt£]w- D¶bn-¨Xp-aq-ew- tbm-Kw- Xn-I¨pw-Aet¦m-es¸«p-. \S¶ kw-KXn-Isf¡p-dn-¨v- e`n-¨ dn-t¸m-À-«n-sâASn-Øm-\¯n-Â- skan-\m-cn- Nm-̧ en-Â- ]n-tä Zn-hkw- Xs¶ Xm³A§s\ ̀ u-Xn-I Im-cy-§fn-Â- CSs]Sp-hm³ Dt±in-̈ n-«n-Ã F¶v-{]Jym-]n-¨p-.

tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kn-s\ A\p-Iq-en-¡p-¶ kw-Lw- Imcy-§Ä \o-§p-¶Xv- X§Ä- B{Kln-¡p-¶ Zn-ibn-te¡Ã F¶p-{Kln-¨t¸m-Ä X{´§Ä am-äp-hm-³ Xo-cp-am-\n-¨p-. ]gb skan-\m-cn- kw-̀ h§fp-sS shfn-̈ ¯n-Â- Im-cy-§Ä t\cm-b hn-[¯nÂ-t]m-bm-Â- P\§sf X§Ä- B{Kln-¡p-¶ hn-[¯n-Â- \bn-¡p-hm-³ km-[y-asÃ¶v- AhÀ- a\Ên-em-¡n-. AXp-sIm-v- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-s\Xn-cm-bn- Hcp- am-[y-abp-²w- AhÀ- {]Jym-]n-̈ p-. ae¦ck`bn-se kw-`hhn-Im-k§sf¡p-dn-¨v- eLp-teJIÄ- hgn-bpw-]{X§Ä- hgn-bpw- P\s¯ sXän-²cn-¸n-¡p-hm-³ AhÀ- {ian-¨p.-Cu bXv-\¯n-Â- Hcp- hen-b ]¦v- AhÀ- hn-Pbn-¡p-Ibpw-sNbvXp.kp-dn-bm-\n- {In-kv-Xym-\n-Ifp-sS CSbn-Â- {]Np-c{]Nm-cw- t\Sn-bn-cp-¶ "aebm-f at\m-ca'-bp-sS ]{Xm-[n-]À- {io- sI.kn-. am-½³am-̧ n-f tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kn-sâ I£n-bp-sS Hcp- iàn-tI{µam-bn-cp-¶Xp-sIm-v- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-s\ kw_Ôn-¨v- sXäm-bBibcq-]o-IcWw- kr-ãn-¡p-¶Xn-\p- hfsc klm-bIam-bn-¯oÀ-¶p-.

]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-km-Is« C¯cw- {Iao-Ir-Xam-b B{IaW¯n\p- {]Xn-Icn-¡p-hm-³ kw-hn-[m-\§Ä X\n-¡n-Ãm-Xn-cp-¶Xp-sImv- 1910 sk]v-Xw-_À- 8þmw- Xo-bXn- X\n-s¡Xn-sc D¶bn¡s¸« FÃm- Btcm-]W§fpw- \n-tj[n-¨p-sIm-pw- k`bp-sSs]mXp-Xm-ev-]cy-¯n-\p-thn- Xsâ ap-³Km-an- Xp-d¶Xpw- ae¦ck`bnÂ- kt´m-j]q-À-hw- Aw-Ko-Icn-¡s¸« am-À-K§Ä- kzo-Icn-¨p-sIm-pw- am-{Xta Xp-Scp-¶p-Åq- F¶v- Nq-n-¡m-Wn-̈ p-sImv-Hcp- s]m-XpIev-]\ {]kn-²o-Icn-¨p-.


Im-cy-§Ä Cu L«¯n-Â- F¯n-\n-Â-t¡,- A`n-tjIkab¯v- tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kpw- tam-À- Iq-dn-tem-kpw- k½Xn-¨n-cp-¶ {]Im-cw- hn-t[bXz- DS¼Sn- Fgp-Xn- kaÀ-¸n-¡Wsa¶v-]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- Bhiy-s¸«p-. ]m-e¡p-¶¯v- am-Xyq-kv- tam-À-A¯m-\m-tkym-kv- A`n-jn-à\m-bXn-\p-tijw- Dm-b hnjakÔn-Isf¡p-dn-¨v- Xn-I¨pw- t_m-[hm-\m-bn-cp-¶Xp-sIm-m-Wn-§s\ Bhiy-s¸«Xv-. Cu Bhiyw- tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kv- \ncm-Icn-¨t¸m-Ä tam-À- Iq-dn-tem-kv- kt´m-j]q-À-Æw- kzo-Icn-¨p-. Cu\n-tj[t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn- tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kn-sâ Ip-Sn-eXbpw-Bßm-À-°XbnÃm-bv-abpw- shfn-hm-bn-. At±lw- A`n-tjIkab v̄- \S¯n-b {]Xn-Ú Ku-cham-bn- FSp-¡p-hm-³ B{Kln-¡p-¶n-sÃ¶v- sXfn-bn-¨p-. ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kpw- ae¦ck`bpw- At±l¯n-sâ Ip-Sn-eXbv-¡v- Ccbm-bn- `hn-¡p-Ibpw-sNbv-Xp-. tam-À-AÐp-Åm- (]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv)- tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kn-sâ am-Õcyw-hy-àam-b L«¯n-Â- am-{Xta Cu DS¼Sn- Bhiy-s¸«p-Åq-F¶Xv- Xm-³ At±l¯n-Â- AÀ-̧ n-̈ n-cp-¶ hn-izm-k¯n-sâ sXfn-hm-Wv-.

]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- ]n-¶o-Sv- ]Ån-IÄ- kµÀ-in-¡p-hm-³ Bcw-`n-¡p-Ibpw- ]e ]Ån-Ifpw- hn-t[bXz -DS¼Sn-IÄ- At±l¯n\p-kaÀ-̧ n-¡p-Ibpw-sNbv-Xp-. Cu DS¼Sn-IÄ- CShImw-K§Ä- kzta[bm- ]m-{Xn-bm-À-t¡äp-am-bp-Å X§fp-sS hn-izm-khpw- hn-t[bXzhpw- {]Jym-]n-¡p-¶Xn-\v- X¿m-dm-¡n-b k½X]{Xw- F¶ÃmsXCShIIfp-sS ù-Xn-Im-[n-Im-c§Ä Atým-Jym- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-\v- ssIam-dp-¶ DS¼Sn-bm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. {]kv-Xp-X DS¼Sn-bn-Â-C§s\ Im-Wp-¶p-:

""X§fn-Â- Bsc¦n-epw- GsX¦n-epw- hn-[¯n-Â- Cu DS¼Snt¡m- AXn-se GsX¦n-epw- ̀ m-K¯n-t\m- FXn-cm-bn- {]hÀ-¯n-¡p-Itbm- Bscsb¦n-epw- t{]cn-¸n-¡p-Itbm- sN¿p-¶ ]£w-B hy-àn- ]Ån-bn-Â- 200 cq-]m- \Â-Ip-Ibpw- At±l¯n-\p-{]kvXp-X ]Ån-bn-t·Â- bm-sXm-cp- AhIm-itam- _Ôtam- DSaØXtbm- CÃm-Xm-hp-Ibpw- ]Ån-bp-sS \n-ehn-ep-ÅXpw- BÀ-Ön-¡p-¶Xp-am-b Øm-hcPw-Kahkv-Xp-¡fn-t·Â- bm-sXm-cp-(AhIm-ihp-an-Ãm-¯Xm-bn-cn-¡pw)-.

Cu hm-¡p-IÄ- sXfn-bn-¡p-¶Xv- ]Ån-bp-sS kz-¯p-¡fn-t·Â- hn-LS\¡m-À- D¶bn-¡m-hp-¶ AhIm-ihm-Z§Ä-s¡Xn-cm-bp-Å \n-bam-\p-kr-X kw-c£W¯n-\p-Å hy-hØsb¶ÃmsX aäv- bm-sXm-¶p-an-Ã F¶m-Wv-.

Zn-hk§Ä- IS¶p-t]m-bt¸m-Ä P\§fn-ep-m-b {[p-ho-IcWw- hfsc {]ISam-bn-¯o-À-¶p-. Cu XÀ-¡¯n-Â- tam-À-


Zoh¶m-tkym-kn-sâ Iq-«p-{Skv-än-Ifm-bn-cp-¶ tIm-\m-«v- am-¯³aev]m\pw- {io- kn-.sP. Ip-cy-\pw- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-t\m-Sp- tNÀ-¶p-\n-¶p-.

]p-Xn-b sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m-am-cp-sS Bhiyw- ap-¶n-Â- Ip-sIm-v- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- tam-À- A¯m-\m-tkym-kn-s\bpw- tam-À-tkthdn-tbm-kn-s\bpw- sa{Xm-·m-cm-bn- A`n-tjIw-sNbv-Xp-.

]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kpw- tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kpw- X½n-ep-Å XÀ-¡¯n-sâ ]m-cay-¯n-se¯n-bXv- 1911 Pq-¬- 8þmw- Xo-bXn- Xmsg¸dbp-¶ Im-cW§fp-sS shfn-¨¯n-Â- \S¯n-b ap-S¡p-Iev]\tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv-.1. k`hIbm-b kz-¯p-¡Ä- k`bp-sS D¯aXm-ev-]cy-{]Imcw-

taÂ-t\m-«w- hln-¨v- hn-\n-tbm-Kn-¨n-«n-Ã.2. tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kv- hy-àn-Xm-ev-]cy-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn- ]cn-]q-ÀW

kz-X{át\m-̀ m-ht¯m-Spw- A[n-Im-ct¯m-Spw- k`bp-sS D¯aXm-ev-]cy-§Ä-¡p- hn-cp-²am-bn- {]hÀ-¯n-¨p-.

3. kz-X{ám-b A[n-Im-cw- e`n-¡p-¶Xn-\p-thn- k`bnÂ-Ielhpw- `n-¶Xbpw- tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kv- hn-X¨p-.

4. X\n-¡p-taÂ- bm-sXm-cp- A[n-Im-cn-bpw- CÃm-¯ hn-[w- tam-À-Zo-h¶m-tkym-kv- ]cn-]q-À-W A[n-Im-cw- kz-X{ám-b hn[¯nÂ- hn-\n-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xn-\v- ap-Xn-À-¶p-.

5. tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kv- Xsâ \n-bam-\p-kr-X tae[n-Im-cn-sbA\p-kcn-¨n-Ã.

6. tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kv- ]t{Xm-kn-sâ ]cn-ip-² knw-lm-k\t¯m-Spw- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-t\m-Spw- Im-Wn-t¡ _lp-aXnbpw-BZchpw- CSn-¡p-Ibpw- sXäm-b ap-³hn-[n-Itfm-sS {]hÀ-̄ n v̈-aäp-Åhsc t{]cn-¸n-¨p-.

7. taÂ-Im-Wn-¨ {]hr-¯n-IÄ- FÃmw-Xs¶ hn-ip-² {XnXz-¯nsâbpw- am-em-Jam-cp-sSbpw- hn-ip-²·m-cp-sSbpw- hn-ip-²aZv_lm-bp-sSbpw- `bP\Iam-b hn-ip-²Ip-À-ºm-\bp-sSbpw-ap¼msI k½Xn-̈ v- Gäp-]dªXm-b iÂ-aq-km- (k½X]{Xw)-bn-se hy-hØIfp-sS ew-L\am-Wv-.

taÂ-¸dª Ip-äm-tcm-]W§fp-sS shfn-¨¯n-Â- tam-À-Zoh¶m-tkym-kv- Bdm-a³ sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m- Øm-\¯p-\n-¶pw-""k`m-{`ã\m-bpw- Øm-\Xym-Kn-bm-bpw- Dcn-bs¸«h\m-bpw''- {]Jym-]n-¡s¸«p-.

k`m-{`ã\m-¡s¸« Iev-]\ e`n-¨v- GXm-\pw- Zn-hk§Ä-¡p-tijw- 1911 Pq-¬- 27þmw- Xo-bXn- tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkymkv- Fw.Un.skan-\m-cn- Nm-¸en-Â-h¨v- am-t\Pn-Mv- I½n-än-bw-K§fp-sS Hcp-


tbmKw- hn-fn-¨p-tNÀ-¯p-. tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kn-s\ Iq-Sm-sXtdma³ It¯m-en-¡m- k`bn-Â-\n-¶pw- kn-dn-b³ HmÀ-̄ tUm-Ivkv-k`bnÂ-\n-¶pw- tNÀ-¡p-¶hÀ-¡p-thn- A`n-jn-à\m-b sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-̄ m- tam-À- Pq-en-tbm-kv- AÂ-hm-do-kpw- tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kn-t\m-Sv- A\p-̀ m-hap-m-bn-cp-¶ sshZn-I Aßm-b t\Xm-¡fpw-tbm-K¯n-Â- ]s¦Sp-¯p-. Cu tbm-Kw- Hcp- Atkm-kn-tbj³hn-fn-¨p-tNÀ-¡p-hm-³ Xo-cp-am-\n-¨p-. ap-S¡s¸« sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m-hn-fn-̈ p-tNÀ-̄ Xn-\m-Â- ̀ q-cn-]£w- ]Ån-IfnÂ-\n-¶pw- {]Xn-\n-[n-Isf Abbv-¡m-Xn-cp-¶Xp-sIm-v- {]kv-Xp-X Atkm-kntbj\nÂ- `q-cn-]£hpw- tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kn-sâ A\p-Iq-en-Ifm-bn-cp-¶p. Atkm-kn-tbj³ F¶p- hn-fn-¡s¸« Cu tbm-Kw- \S¶Xv-1911 sk]v-Xw-_À- 7þmw- Xo-bXn- Bbn-cp-¶p-. ap-S¡s¸« sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m-sb A\p-Iq-en-¡p-¶ Xo-cp-am-\hpw- Iq-«p-{Skv-än-am-sccp-t]scbpw- \o-¡n- ]Icw- cv- t]sc \n-ban-¡p-¶Xp-am-bpÅXocp-am-\§Ä- Cu tbm-Kw- Aw-Ko-Icn-¨p-. AtXkabw- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-sâ \n-À-tZim-\p-kcWw- ae¦c Atkm-kn-tbj³tbmKw- hn-fn-¨p-tNÀ-¯p-. Cu Atkm-kn-tbj³ Iq-Sn-bXv- 1911HmKkv-äv- 31þmw- Xo-bXn- Bbn-cp-¶p-. {]kv-Xp-Xtbm-K¯n-Â- ]m{Xn-bÀ-¡okpw- Éo-_m- tam-À- Hkv-Xm-¯n-tbm-kpw- Cým-¡m-cm-baq-¶v- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-̄ m-am-cpw- ]s¦Sp-̄ p-. Cu tbm-Kw- tam-À- Iqdo-tem-kn-s\ ae¦c sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-̄ m- Bbn- sXcsªSp-¡p-Ibpw-B sXcsªSp-¸v- Aw-Ko-Icn-¡p-hm-³ ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-t\m-Sv-At]£n-¡p-Ibpw-sNbv-Xp-. ae¦c Atkm-kn-tbjsâ A`y-À-°\ am-\n-¨v- tam-À- Iq-dn-tem-kn-s\ ae¦c sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m-Bbn- \n-ban-¨Xn-\p-tijw- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- Hcp- sa{Xm-t¸m-eo-¯m-bp-sS \n-À-_Ô_p-²n- kr-ãn-¨ ̀ n-¶Xbn-epw- XÀ-¡¯n-epw-{hWn-Xlr-Zbt¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn- aS§n-t¸m-bn-.

Im-tXm-en-t¡än-sâ km-¦ev-]n-I Øm-]\w-]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-Â-\n-¶pw- X\n-¡v- ap-S¡v- Dm-Ipw- F¶v- tam-À-Zo-h¶m-tkym-kn-\v- Xo-À-¨bp-m-bn-cp-¶Xp-aq-eam-bn-cn-¡Ww-At±l¯n-sâ A\p-Iq-en-IÄ- k` {`ãv- kw-̀ h¯n-\p- ap-¼p-Xs¶kzo-Icn-t¡ \S]Sn-Isf¡p-dn-¨v- Bkq-{XWw-sNbv-Xn-cp-¶p-.{]kv-Xp-Xkw-L¯n-se {][m-\ t\Xm-¡fn-sem-cm-fpw- tam-À- Zoh¶m-tkym-kv- Bdm-asâ ASp-¯ tk\m-]Xn- ̂ m-ZÀ- ]n-.än-. Ko-hÀ-Ko-kv- ]Wn-¡À- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡m-Øm-\¯p-\n-¶pw- \o-¡w-sNbv-Xn-cp-¶ tam-À- AÐp-Ä- av-io-lm-bp-am-bn- Fgp-¯p-Ip-¯p-IÄ- Bcw-`n-¨n-cp-¶p-. C{]Im-cw- Hchkc¯n-\p- Im-¯n-cp-¶ AÐp-Ä-


aviolm- hfsc k´p-ã\m-bn-̄ o-cp-Ibpw- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kv- ]£¡mÀ- ae¦cbn-Â- Im-tXm-en-t¡äv- Øm-]n-¡p-¶Xn-\v- Ahkcw-D]tbmKn-¡p-Ibpw-sNbv-Xp-.

ae¦cbn-Â- Hcp- Im-tXm-en-t¡än-\p-thn-bp-Å At]£bn-Â- bm-sXm-cp- ]p-Xp-abpw- CÃm-¯Xm-sW-¶p- am-{XaÃ AXv-tamÀ- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kv- Bdm-asâtbm- At±l¯ns-â ]£¡m-cn-Â- Bcp-sSsb¦n-ep-tam- Bib]²Xn-bp-tam AÃm-bn-cp-¶p-.ae¦c k` tam-À- ]t{Xm-kv- Xr-Xo-bt\m-Spw- A[n-Im-c¯n-em-bn-cp-¶t¸m-Ä tam-À- AÐp-Ä- av-io-lm-tbm-Spw- Im-tXm-en-t¡än-\p-thn- A`y-À-°n-¨n-cp-¶Xm-Wv-. tam-À- AÐp-Ä- av-io-lm-bn-Â-\n-¶p-ap-Å adp-]Sn- C{]Im-cam-bn-cp-¶p-:

""C¡m-cy-¯n-\p-thn- (Im-tXm-en-t¡än-\v)- Fgp-Xp-¶h³]n-Xm-hn-sâbpw- ]p-{Xsâbpw- ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hn-sâbpw- \m-a¯nÂ-i]n-¡s¸«h\m-bn-cn-¡pw-.''-

taÂ-̧ dª adp-]Sn- Fgp-Xn-b AtX hy-àn- Øm-\{`ã\m-¡s¸«tijw- Im-tXm-en-t¡äv- ]p-\x-Øm-]n-¡p-hm-³ k¶²\mbn. Øm-\{`ã\m-¡s¸« tijhpw- At±lw- Cu Ir-Xy-̄ n\v-hn-ap-J\m-bn-cp-¶p-. ^m-ZÀ- ]n-.än-. Ko-hÀ-Ko-kv- "Kn-cn-Zo-]w'- F¶Xsâ eLp-Ir-Xn-bn-Â- Cu IY hn-hcn-¡p-¶p-v-. Cu \m-SI¯nsâ ]n-¶n-se _p-²n-tI{µw- F¶ \n-ebn-Â- At±l¯n-\v-Cu IYbpw- FÃm- hkv-Xp-XIfpw- Adn-bmw-. (He being the mas-ter brain behind the drama knows the story and all the facts).At±lw- Im-tXm-en-t¡än-sâ Øm-]\¯n-\v- tam-À- AÐp-Ä- avio-lm-bv-¡p-m-bn-cp-¶ hn-ap-JXbpw- C¡m-cy-¯n-Â- ^m-ZÀ- Ko-hÀ-Ko-kv- At±ls¯ A\p-\bn-̧ n-s¨Sp-̄ Xpw- FÃmw- X\n-atbmsShn-hcn-¡p-¶p-v-.

A§s\ 1912 sk]v-Xw-_À- 17þmw- Xo-bXn- \n-cW¯p-h¨v-hm-À-²Iy-Nm-]eyw- aq-ew- A[n-Im-c¯n-Â-\n-¶pw- hn-can-¨n-cp-¶tamÀ- Cuhm-\n-tbm-kn-s\ Øm-\{`ã\m-¡s¸«n-cp-¶ tam-À-AÐpÄ- av-io-lm- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- Im-tXm-en-¡m-Øm-\t¯¡p-bÀ-¯n- F¶v- AhIm-is¸«p-. Cu kw-`hw- Cý-bn-se kn-dn-b³- HmÀ-¯tUm-Iv-kv- k`m-Ncn-{X¯n-se Hcp- kp-{][m-\ hgn-¯n-cn-hm-bn-. XÀ-¡§fp-sS \q-em-am-eIsf Iq-Sp-XÂ- k¦o-À-®am-¡p-hm-³ X¡h®w- Hcp- Iq-«w- ]p-Xn-b XÀ-¡hn-jb§Ä- Iq-Sn-CXv- Iq-«n-t¨À-¯p-. Cu hn-jb§Ä- a\Ên-em-¡p-hm-³ Im-tXm-en-t¡än-sâ Ncn-{X¯n-te¡p- Xs¶ \ap-¡v- t]m-tIXp-s¦nepw- Chn-sS AXn-\p- kabhpw- Ahkchpw- CÃm-̄ Xp-sImv-B hn-jb¯n-te¡v- Bg¯n-Â- IS¡p-¶n-Ã.


Øm-\{`ã\m-¡s¸« Hcp- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-\m-Â- ap-S¡s¸« Hcp- I£n-¡p- thn- \S¯n-b Im-tXm-en-t¡än-sâkm-¦ev-]n-I Øm-]\w- (k`bp-sS)- Im-tXm-en-IXz-¯n-\p- hn-cp-²am-b k¦p-Nn-XXz-¯n-sâ Du¶Â- am-{Xam-bn- Im-WWw-. (ThisP s e u d oestablishment of the Catholicate by a deposed Patriarch for aparty of an excommunicated has to be seen as an assertion (of)parochialism against Catholicity) CXv- sNbv-XXv- `cW¯n-ep-Å ]m{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- Hcp- {]m-tZin-I sa{Xm-sâ hn-LS\Xm-ev-]cy-¯n\p- hn-t[bs¸Sm-sX h¶ ]iv-Nm-̄ e¯n-em-Wv-. Cu kw`hw-k¦p-Nn-XXz-¯n-sâ ]cn-kam-]v-Xn-bm-bn- thWw- Im-Wp-hm-³.

k`bp-sS DuÀ-Öhpw- km-¼¯n-Itijn-bpw- tNm-À-¶p-s]mbv-s¡m-n-cp-¶ Cu Im-eL«§fn-Â- Ccp-]£¯n-\pw-hnPbw- e`n-¨ hn-[n-\ym-b§Ä- am-dn-am-dn- h¶p-sIm-n-cp-¶p-.AtXm-sSm-¸w-Xs¶ kam-[m-\ Btem-N\Ifpw- \S¶p-sIm-n-cp-¶p-. ]e ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-k·m-À- knw-lm-k\¯n-Â- h¶p-. tam-À-Zo-h¶m-tkym-kv- hn-[n- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-\v- A\p-Iq-eam-bn-cp-¶L«¯n-Â- aÀ-Zo-\n-Â- t]m-bn- kam-[m-\¯n-\p-Å Hcp- hy-hØbnÂ- F¯n-t¨À-¶p-. ]t£,- aS§n-h¶t¸m-Ä hn-[n- hn-PbIcambn- A«n-adn-¡s¸«p- (manipulated) F¶p- t_m-[y-am-bt¸m-ÄAt±lw- a\Êp-am-än-. AXp-sIm-v- k`bp-sS kam-[m-\w- Dm-¡p-hm-\p-Å A`n-em-jw- kêo-Icn-¡s¸«n-Ã. 1934þÂ- Xm-³ acn-¡p-¶Xp-hsc k`sb `n-¶n-¨p- \n-À-¯p-hm-³ At±l¯n-\p-km[n¨p-. (Till his death in 1934 he managed to keep the churchsplit).

tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kn-sâ Po-hNcn-{Xw-hn-hcn¡s¸« kw-`h§sf hn-ebn-cp-¯p-¶Xn-\p- ap-¼m-bn- tam-À-Zo-h¶m-tkym-kn-sâ Po-hNcn-{X¯n-te¡v- \mw- t\m-¡Ww.hyàn-Po-hn-X¯n-te¡p-Å Hsc¯n-t\m-«w- At±lw- Bcw-`w-Ip-dn-¨ `n-¶Xsb hn-ebn-cp-¯p-hm-³ \ap-¡v- klm-bIam-Wv-.

1858þÂ- aÃ¸Ån-bn-se h«ticn-Â- Ip-Spw-_¯n-Â- Ko-hÀ-Ko-kv- P\n-¨p-. NÀ-¨v- Hm^v- Cw-¥n-te¡p- tNÀ-¶ kp-dn-bm-\n-{In-kv-Xym-\n-IÄ-¡p-thn- kn-.Fw-.Fkn-se Bw-Kteb an-j\dn-am-À- BZy-am-bn- ssZhm-ebw- Øm-]n-̈ {Km-aam-Wn-Xv-. sNdp-̧ ¯nÂ-Ko-hÀ-Ko-kv- aebm-f A£c§fpw- IW¡pw- {Km-a¯n-se Bim-\n-Â-\n-¶pw- A`y-kn-̈ p-. Xp-SÀ-¶v- Øes¯ kv-Iq-fn-Â- tNcp-Ibpw-sslkv-Iq-Ä- ]T\¯n-\m-bn- tIm-«bt¯¡p- t]m-tIn-hcn-Ibpw-sNbv-Xp-. Cu cv- kv-Iq-fp-IÄ- kn-.Fw-.Fkv-. an-j\dn-am-À- \S¯n-


h¶hbm-bn-cp-¶p-.tIm-«bw- kn-.Fw-.Fkv-. sslkv-Iq-fn-Â- Ko-hÀ-Ko-kv- ]Tn-

¨p-sIm-n-cn-¡p-t¼m-gm-Wv- ]t{Xm-kv- Xr-Xo-b³ ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kv- Cý- kµÀ-in-̈ Xpw- ]m-{Xn-bÀ-¡o-kn-Â-\n-¶p-Xs¶ At±lw-Xmgv-¶ ]«Xz-Øm-\§fn-Â- A`n-jn-à\m-bXpw-. Øm-\{]m-]vXn-¡p-tijw- At±lw- kv-Iq-Ä- ]T\w- Dt]£n-¡p-Ibpw- ]cp-aetam-À- {Kn-tKm-dn-tbm-kn-sâbpw- I\m-Sv- tam-À- Cuhm-\n-tbm-knsâbpw- Io-gn-Â- kp-dn-bm-\n- ]T\w- Bcw-`n-¡p-Ibpw-sNbv-Xp-.

1880þÂ- sshZn-I\m-b ]«w- sI«s¸« At±ls¯ 1881 ]cp-ae skan-\m-cn-bn-epw- ]n-¶o-Sv- 1885þÂ- tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kv-A©m-a³ tIm-«bw- ]gb skan-\m-cn- ho-sSp-̄ t¸m-Ä tIm\m«v-am-¯³ aev-]m-t\m-sSm-¸w- ^m-. Ko-hÀ-Ko-kpw- ]Tn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw-1909þÂ- sa{Xm-³Øm-\m-`n-jn-à\m-Ip-¶Xp-hsc Ahn-sS Xp-Scp-Ibpw-sNbv-Xp-. At±l¯n-sâ A`n-tjIm-\ćw- \S¶ kw`h§Ä- ap-¼v- hn-hcn-̈ n-«p-v-. 1934þÂ- \Ã hm-À-²Iy-̄ n-Â- At±lw-\n-cym-X\m-bn-.

hn-ebn-cp-¯Â-taÂ-hn-hcW¯n-Â-\n-¶pw- Cý-bn-se kn-dn-b³ HmÀ-¯

tUm-Iv-kv- k` ho-Wp-t]m-bn-cn-¡p-¶ eÖm-Icam-b AhØbpw-GXp-Im-cy-¯n-\pw- tIm-SXn-sb A`bw-{]m-]n-¡p-¶ AhØXpScp-¶Xpw- A[n-Im-cs¯sNm-Ãn-bp-Å Ahkm-\n-¡m-¯ XÀ-¡§fpw- a\Ên-em-¡m-atÃm-. Cu hn-Nn-´\§fn-Â-\n-¶pw-kwibsat\y- sXfn-bp-¶Xv- tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kn-sâ A\p-cRvP\hn-cp-²kz-`m-hhpw- \n-À-_Ô_p-²n-bp-am-Wv- hn-LS\hm-Z¯n-sâ ASn-Øm-\w- F¶m-Wv-. k`bn-se `n-¶Xbp-sS {]am-WIm-cWw- k`m-]m-c¼cy-§tfm-Sv- hn-t[bs¸Sp-hm-\p-Å At±l¯n-sâ hn-k½Xam-Wv-. GsXm-cp- a\p-jy-s\t¸m-se At±lhpw- km-lNcy-¯n-sâ kr-ãn-bpw- At±l¯n-sâ \n-e ]cn-tim-[n-t¡Xv- Cý-³Ncn-{X¯n-sâ A¡m-e]iv-Nm-¯e¯n-ep-am-bn-cn-¡Wsa¶Xpw- \mw- Aw-Ko-Icn-¡p-¶p-.

Cu hn-LS\¯n-Â- A[n-Im-cwkw-_Ôn-¨ tNm-Zy-¯n-Â-\mw- hy-Xn-cn-àam-bn- Im-tW hn-tbm-Pn-̧ v- k`bp-sS ̀ n-¶amÀ¶k¦ev-]§fn-Â-\n-¶p-sIm-m-bn-cn-¡Ww-. tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kv-Bdm-a³ Xsâ cq-]o-IcWIm-eL«am-b 18þmw- hbÊp-hsc ]Tn-¨n-cp-¶Xv- kn-.Fw-.Fkv-. Øm-]\§fn-em-bn-cp-¶p- F¶Xv- kzm`m-hn-Iambpw- s{]m-«kv-äâ v- Bib{[p-ho-IcW§Ä- DÄ-s¡m-Åp-¶Xn-\v- ]cym-]v-Xam-bn-cp-¶p-. At±l¯n-sâ A\p-Iq-en-Ifm-bn-cp¶ {io sI.kn-. am-½³ am-¸n-fbpw- {io C.sP. tPm-Wpw- s{]m-


«kväâ v- Øm-]\§fn-Â- hn-Zym-`ym-kw- t\Sn-bhcm-bn-cp-¶p-.tam-À- Zo-h¶m-tkym-kn-\pw- At±l¯n-sâ A\p-Iq-en-Ifm-

bn-cp-¶ t\Xm-¡Ä-¡pw- s{]m-«kv-äâ v- Øm-]\§fn-Â-\n-¶pw-BwKtebkzm-[o-\w- Dm-bn-cp-¶p-. Nq-jWhn-t[bcm-bn-cp-¶kaq-l¯n-\v- Nq-jItcm-Sv- Hcp- Bcm-[\m-at\m-`m-hw- At_m-[]qÀ-Æam-bn- hfÀ-¶p- hcn-I F¶Xpw- km-[y-am-Ip-¶ hn-[¯nÂ-Ahsc A\p-Icn-¡p-I F¶Xpw- hfsc kzm-`m-hn-Iam-Wv-. tam-À-Zo-h¶m-tkym-kn-s\ GI]£o-b k`m-hn-Úm-\o-b \n-e]m-Sv-kzo-Icn-¡p-hm-³ CSbm-¡n-b ap-Jy-Im-cWw- kmw-kv-Im-cn-Iam-bBw-KtebhÂ-¡cWhpw- Cý-bp-S\o-fw- DbÀ-¶p-s]m-§n-bn-cp¶kp-in-£n-XtZio-bXbp-am-bn-cp-¶p-. A§s\ Zo-h¶m-tkym-ky³-hn-LS\w- F¶Xv- hn-]p-eam-b hn-Úm-\hpw- Adn-hpw- Dm-bn-cp-¶n-«p-t]m-epw- e£yw -sXän-t¸m-b Hcp- sa{Xm-\v- tZikw-kvIm-c`m-jm-ko-aIÄ-¡Xo-Xam-b Hcp- {]Øm-\am-Wv- k` F¶ho£Ww- DÄ-s¡m-Åp-hm-³ Ign-bm-sX t]m-bXn-sâ A\ćêam-Wv-. e£yw -sXän-b At±l¯n-sâ bXv-\¯n-Â- kmw-kvIm-cn-I `m-jm-ko-aIÄ- cq-]w-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶ k`bn-Â- k`bp-sSkm-À-h{Xn-I (Im-tXm-en-I)- kz-`m-hs¯¡p-dn-¨v- {]Jym-]n-¡p-¶hnizm-k{]am-Ww- Hcp- tIhe AbYm-À-°am-bn-cn-¡pw-. (Thus itbecomes obvious to us that the Dionysian schism was the re-sult of the adamancy of a misguided bishop who, despite hisscholarship and vast knowledge could not view the church as amovement which transcends geographical, cultural and linguis-tic barriers and his misguided efforts resulted in the formationof a church in which the credular affirmation of being a Catho-lic (Universal) church became a mere force.

(Malankara Syrian Orthodox Theological Seminary-bpsS1990þse Excelsior-Â- {]kn-²o-Icn-̈ teJ\¯n-sâ aebm-f ]cn-`m-j)-.

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