ISSN 1512-0473

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti

Faculty of Humanities

enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi

ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS

2017

saredaqcio sabWo:

v. boederi, i. giperti, d. TvalTvaZe, b. utie,

h. fenrixi, m. SaniZe, z. WumburiZe, a. harisi

EDITORIAL COUNCIL: W. Boeder, Z. Chumburidze, H. Fähnrich, J. Gippert, A. Harris, B. Outtier, M. Shanidze, D. Tvaltvadze

saredaqcio kolegia:

T. gamyreliZe (mTavari redaqtori),

i. leJava (mTavari redaqtoris moadgile),

r. asaTiani, T. bolqvaZe, n. gafrindaSvili, m. ivaniSvili,

d. meliqiSvili, e. soselia, l. qecba-xundaZe, p. cxadaia, m. jiqia

EDITORIAL BOARD: Th. V. Gamkrelidze (Editor-in-Chief), I. Lezhava (Deputy Editor-in-Chief), R. Asatiani, T. Bolkvadze, N. Gaprindashvili, M. Jikia, M. Ivanishvili, L. Ketsba-Khundadze, D. Melikishvili, E. Soselia, P. Tskhadaia

Jurnali daarsebulia 1999 wels Tamaz gamyreliZisa da

zurab sarjvelaZis mier

The journal was founded in1999 by Thomas V. Gamkrelidze and Zurab Sarjveladze

gamocemulia ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis sauniversiteto sagamomcemlo sabWos gadawyvetilebiT

© ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

gamomcemloba, 2018

© Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2018

ISSN 1512-0473

eZRvneba givi maWavarianis dabadebidan 90 wlisTavs

Dedicated to the 90th birth anniversary of Givi Machavariani

5

enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi _ 2017 _ ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS

givi maWavariani _ 90

givi maWavariani daibada 1927 wlis 5 dekembers TbilisSi. 1950 wels daamTavra Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis filologiis fakultetis

kavkasiur enaTa ganyofileba, Semdeg aspirantura. 1954 wels daicva saka-

ndidato disertacia Temaze: „zmnis ZiriTadi morfologiuri kategoriebi

qarTvelur enebSi“; 1966 wels mieniWa filologiis mecnierebaTa doqto-

ris xarisxi. igi iyo farTo diapazonis mecnieri. mis samecniero kvleviT

saqmianobaSi centraluri adgili ekava kavkasiuri da qarTveluri enebis

struqturisa da istoriis sakiTxebs, agreTve zogadenaTmecnierul prob-

lematikas. mis mier Seqmnilma fundamenturma monografiebma: „sonantTa

sistema da ablauti qarTvelur enebSi“ (Tamaz gamyreliZesTan erTad) da

„saerTo-qarTveluri konsonanturi sistema“ avtors sabolood mouxveWa

qarTveluri enebis gamoCenili mkvlevris saxeli. igi sistematurad mona-

wileobda sakavSiro konferenciebsa da saerTaSoriso kongresebSi. 1954

wlidan gardacvalebade, ukanaskneli 14 weli, eweoda pedagogiur moRva-

weobas Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi _ iyo Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis kavkasiuri enebis kaTedrisa da Zveli qarTuli enis kaTed-

ris docenti, Semdeg zogadi enaTmecnierebis kaTedris profesori da sa-

qarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis enaTmecnierebis institutis mecni-

er-TanamSromeli.

givi maWavariani gardaicvala 1968 wlis 27 agvistos, ungreTSi, sa-

dac monawileobda saerTaSoriso konferenciaSi. dakrZalulia mweralTa

da sazogado moRvaweTa didubis panTeonSi.

*

Zvirfaso kolegebo,1

Zalian gaxarebuli var, rom momeciT SesaZlebloba, ramdenime sityviT

monawileoba mimeRo konferenciaSi, romelsac Tqven uZRvniT umniSvnelo-

vanesi qarTveli enaTmecnieris, givi maWavarianis, xsovnas.

1 ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis sapatio

doqtorebis, vinfrid boederisa da hainc fenrixis, werilebi wakiTxul iqna 2017 wlis 6 dekembers gamarTul givi maWavarianis dabadebidan 90 wlisTavi-

sadmi miZRvnil saiubileo sxdomaze.

6

baton givis piradad mxolod erTxel Sevxvdi 50 wlis win, lingvis-

tTa meaTe saerTaSoriso kongresze, buqarestSi. pirvel yovlisa, maxsen-

deba adamianuri siTbo, romelsac is asxivebda, da misi wigni, megobruli

warweriT, Cemi biblioTekis uZvirfasesi Semadgeneli nawilia.

givi maWavariani Cems warmodgenaSi iyo sanimuSo mecnieri. masSi Ser-

wymuli iyo rogorc maSindeli qarTuli da saerTaSoriso enaTmecniere-

bis saocrad kompetenturi codna, ise qarTveluri enobrivi masalisa da

kavkasiuri mezobeli enebis tipologiuri da arealuri fenomenebis araC-

veulebrivi floba. Teoriuli safuZvlebis miseuli farTo codna emyare-

boda safuZvlian Seswavlas da ar mdgomareobda moduri terminebisa da

avtorebis dasaxelebaSi. misi enobrivi masala pirvelwyaroebs eyrdnobo-

da. dabolos, azrovnebis sistemurobis gamo misi naSromebi minasaviT gam-

Wvirvale warmosaxviT gamoirCeva. vinc kiTxulobs, magaliTad, misi leq-

ciebis Canawerebs, romelic 15 wlis win daibeWda, marto misi pedagogiu-

ri talantis cocxal STabeWdilebas ki ar Seiqmnis, aramed Seicnobs mis

samecniero stilsac. me Zalian cota avtors vicnob, romlebic ase aSka-

rad mihyvebian sokratiseuli dialeqtikis Zvel ideals, romlis mixedviT

mecniereba Sexedulebebis avtoritetuli gadmocema ki araa, aramed am Se-

xedulebebis safuZvlebisa da sapirispiro Sexedulebebis safuZvlebis

kritikuli ganxilva. givi maWavariani svams kiTxvebs da iZleva pasuxebs,

romlebic mihyveba garkveul eqspliciturad dasaxelebul principebsa da

meTodebs. Tavis pasuxebs igi ganixilavs ara rogorc saboloos, aramed

saubrobs „SesaZlo interpretaciaze“, romelic garkveuli TvalsazrisiT

„ukeTesia“, vidre danarCenebi, romelTac garkveuli winaaRmdegobebi eRo-

beba, an ufro naklebad xsnian viTarebas. es agreTve exeba mis Teorias

qarTveluri sibilantebis Sesaxeb: gadamwyvetia ara imdenad erTi an meore

Teoriis siswore, romelic manamde an mas Semdeg iqna warmodgenili, ara-

med argumentebi, romlebic man warmoadgina.

givi maWavarians monografia „saerTo-qarTveluri konsonanturi sis-

tema“ da Tamaz gamyreliZesTan erTad Seqmnili naSromi „sonantTa sistema

da ablauti qarTvelur enebSi“ esmoda, rogorc didi proeqtis Semadgene-

li nawili, kerZod, `qarTvelur enaTa SedarebiTi gramatikis sruli kur-

sis Camoyalibeba~ („saerTo-qarTveluri konsonanturi sistema“, gv. 5). mi-

si naadrevi sikvdilis gamo es proeqti veRar dasrulda da mravalricx-

ovani xelnawerebidan, romelic man datova, mxolod mcire nawilia gamoq-

veynebuli. amasTan dakavSirebiT giorgi axvlediani nekrologSi wers:

`yvelaferi es iyo im grandiozuli muSaobis mxolod pirveli safexuri,

romelic man Seqmna, rogorc TaobaTa samuSao gegma da manve miuTiTa misi

Sesrulebis realur gzebze~ (ix. saenaTmecniero krebuli 1979, gv. 5). dRe-

7

vandeli dRe kargi momentia imaze dasafiqreblad, ramdenad gamarTlda es

optimizmi. yovel SemTxvevaSi, qarTvelologiis Zalian mniSvnelovan dava-

lebad rCeba givi maWavarianis brwyinvale Rvawlis gagrZeleba.

vinfrid boederi

oldenburgis universiteti

* *

givi maWavarianis moRvaweoba qarTvelologiisaTvis udides winsvlas

warmoadgens. Seufasebelia misi naSromebis mniSvneloba mecnierebis ganvi-

TarebaSi. me mxolod sam Sromas vasaxeleb, romelmac myari safuZveli

daudo qarTveluri enebis istoriul-SedarebiT gamokvlevas: es aris misi

debuleba qarTvelur fuZe-enaSi sibilantur fonemaTa sami lokaluri ri-

gis arsebobis Sesaxeb, misi monografia saerTo-qarTvelur TanxmovanTa

sistemis Sesaxeb da Tamaz gamyreliZesTan erTad gamocemuli `sonantTa

sistema da ablauti qarTvelur enebSi~. rac samagaliTod qmnis givi maWa-

varianis kvleva-Ziebas, es aris is mdgomareoba, rom is mtkiced icavda im

principebsa da poziciebs, romlebic daamuSaves neogramatikosebma da rom-

lebic gaxda istoriul-SedarebiTi enaTmecnierebis saerTo safuZveli.

araugvianes blumfildis gamosvlisa cxadia, rom neogramatikosebis mecni-

eruli miRwevebi ZalaSia absoluturad yvela enisTvis da rom ar arse-

bobs e.w. `egzotikuri enebi~, romlebic TiTqos ar eqvemdebareba istori-

ul-SedarebiTi enaTmecnierebis debulebebs. givi maWavarianma aCvena, rom

qarTvelur enaTa ojaxi, iseve rogorc kavkasiis enebis danarCeni ojaxebi,

unda gamoikvlios imave meTodebiT, romlebiTac isargebles istoriul-Se-

darebiTi enaTmecnierebis mamebma. amiT givi maWavariani gaxda qarTvelur

enaTa istoriul-SedarebiTi kvleva-Ziebis Tanamedrove fuZemdebeli.

veTayvanebi mis dauviwyebel damsaxurebas.

hainc fenrixi

givi maWavarianis gaxseneba

gasuli saukunis 60-ian wlebSi qarTul enaTmecnierebaSi movida qariS-

xaliviT Zlieri talRa uniWieresi axalgazrdebisa, romelnic gatacebulni

iyvnen im drois enaTmecnierebaSi dasavleTidan Semosuli deskrifciuli

mimdinareobiT, e.w. struqturuli enaTmecnierebiT. maT axali sunTqva Semo-

itanes da gamoacocxles qarTul lingvisturi azrovneba. maT Soris gamo-

irCeoda givi maWavariani, sruliad axalgazrda doqtori, profesori, rom-

8

lis kvlevebi qarTveluri enebis fonematuri struqturis sferoSi safuZ-

vlad daedo Tamaz gamyreliZesTan TanaavtorobiT gamocemul fundamentur

naSroms „sonantTa sistema da ablauti qarTvelur enebSi~ (1965), romel-

mac qarTveluri enaTmecniereba axali mimarTulebiT warmarTa.

am droisaTvis mas ukve gavlili hqonda istoriul-SedarebiTi enaT-

mecnierebis qarTuli skola da Tavisi didi maswavleblebisagan miRebuli

Rrma codniTa da gamocdilebiT aRWurvili, qarTveluri da kavkasiuri

enebis zRva masalaSi Tavs ise grZnobda, rogorc Tevzi wyalSi.

givi maWavariani V kursze Semovida CvenTan, qarTveluri enebis jguf-

Si. manamdec bevri gvsmenoda masze da samecniero sesiebsa da konferencieb-

zec momswreni viyaviT misi cxare diskusiebisa ama Tu im sakamaTo sakiTx-

Tan dakavSirebiT. amitomac didi interesiT movelodiT mis leqciebs. aki

imedic ar gagvcruebia: erTi SexedviT mSvidi da auRelvebeli, magram Sina-

ganad damuxtuli da emociuri, iseTi gatacebiT gvikiTxavda qarTveluri

enebis SedarebiT gramatikas, ise Sehyavdi am saidumloebiT mocul enobriv

samyaroSi, rom Senc giTrevda da giRviZebda Ziebisa da kvlevis interess.

komparativistikis miRwvebis kritikuli aTviseba da am meTodis faqi-

zi Serwyma struqturuli aRweris principebTan, araCveulebrivad mwyobr

da Tanmimdevrul logikur msjelobasTan erTad nebismieri sakiTxis enob-

rivi sistemis fonze gamowvlilviTi ganxilva (rogorc diaqroniuli, ise

sinqroniuli TvalsazrisiT) SesaZleblobas aZlevda mas, damajerebel da

naTel daskvnamde mieyvana msmeneli. orsaaTiani leqciis „dasvenebis~ peri-

odisa da leqciis dasrulebis Semdegac Zalian gviyvarda derefanSi mas-

Tan msjelobisa da kamaTis gagrZeleba da vatyobdi, masac aranakleb sia-

movnebda axalgazrda „kolegebTan~ Tavisi azrebis gaziareba. Cven aRtace-

bulebi viyaviT misi erudiciiT, imiT, Tu rogor Tavisuflad flobda em-

piriul masalas: saWiro sailustracio magaliTebi qarTveluri enebidan

CanCqeriviT modioda...

aspiranturaSi swavlis wlebSi me kidev momeca saSualeba, davswrebo-

di givi maWavarianis leqciebs _ axla ukve giorgi axvledianis Taosno-

biT axlad gaxsnili stuqturuli da gamoyenebiTi lingvistikis ganyofi-

lebaze (1964 wlidan struqturuli da gamoyenebiTi lingvistikis kaTed-

ris xelmZRvaneli iyo Tamaz gamyreliZe). aq igi qarTuli enis struqtu-

ruli analizis kurss kiTxulobda. aqedan gansakuTrebiT damamaxsovrda

da minda gavixseno misi erTi leqcia, romelic TiTqos iseT martiv da

ukve Seswavlil sakiTxs exeboda, rogoricaa arsebiTi saxelis brunebis

sistema Tanamedrove qarTulSi: rogor aCvena, rom erTi da imave movle-

nis sxvadasxva principiT aRwera SesaZlebelia, magram mTavaria bolomde

9

daicva erTi principi (am SemTxvevaSi _ formaluri, struqturuli aRwe-

ris principi): faqizi, filigranuli analiziT, struqturuli aRweris prin-

cipis mkacri dacviT mivida igi brunvis niSanTa variantebis gamoyofamde:

aCvena adgilobiT brunvaTa gamoyofis usafuZvloba da brunvis niSanTa va-

riantebad saxelis fuZis agebulebisa da Tandebulian formaTa mixedviT

gamoyo saxelobiTSi: -i, -Ø; moTxrobiTSi: -ma, -m; micemiTSi: -s(a); -Si da -ze Tandebulian micemiTSi: -Ø; viTarebiTSi: -ad(a), -d(a); -mde Tandebuli-an viTarebiTSi: -a (TanxmovanfuZianebTan) da -Ø (xmovanfuZianebTan); moq-medebiTSi -iT (a); -dan Tandebulian moqmedebiTSi -i.

samwuxarod, mas ar dascalda am kursis bolomde gagrZeleba, mxo-

lod I nawilis Catareba moaswro: saxelis struqturuli analizisa... mo-

ulodneli elda iyo aseTi axalgazrda, sicocxliT, enTuziazmiTa da

energiiT aRsavse, didi momavlis mqone mecnieris wasvla am qveynidan...

darwmunebuli var, misi momavali kvleva mimarTuli iqneboda qarTve-

luri zmnis struqturuli analizisaken, ris safuZvelsac maZlevs ori

saerTo rveuli, romelic Cemi sakmaod sruli Canawerebia givi maWavaria-

nis 1960 wlis Semodgomaze Catarebuli leqciebis kursisa _ qarTvelur

enaTa SedarebiT gramatikaSi (gamoica 2002 wels). am kursSi didi adgi-

li aqvs daTmobili swored qarTveluri zmnis „gramatikuli kategorie-

bis~ ganxilvas da, miuxedavad imisa, rom im dros jer kidev ar iyo Cata-

rebuli srulyofili kvleva qarTuli (qarTveluri) zmnuri formebis

statistikurad sakmarisi da aucilebeli raodenobis masalaze (rac erT-

erTi mTavari pirobaTaa gramatikis sferoSi sruqturuli analizisas

zmnur formaTa swori kriteriumis SerCevisa da gramatikuli funqciebis

marTebuli gansazRvrisaTvis, anu gramatikuli principiTa da gramatikuli

niSniT kvalifikaciisaTvis), givi maWavarianis leqciebis kursidan Cans,

rom qarTuli enis tradiciuli gramatikis farglebSic ki (romlis wina-

aRmdegobrivi xasiaTi dResac ar aris daZleuli) igi misTvis damaxasiaTe-

beli azrovnebis logikuri wesiT, lingvisturi alRoTi _ dabolos, in-

tuiciiT, qarTuli zmnis xmovanprefiqsebis (e.w. „maqcevrebis~) gramati-

kul kvalifikacias uaxlovdeba, rodesac leqciis bolos askvnis: „maqcev-

rebi da mravalpirianoba erTmaneTTan mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli: mravalpi-

rianoba rom ar iyos, maqcevrebi arc iqneboda saWiroo~ (da marTlac,

enebSi, sadac mravalpiriani zmna ar aris, maTi Tanmdevi xmovanprefiqsebia

mosalodneli). amasve adasturebs mis mier a- prefiqsis mravalpirianobas-

Tan dakavSireba; aseve, is, rom erTi da igive xmovanprefiqsi xan e.w. „qce-

vis gramatikuli kategoriis~ niSnad aris miCneuli, xan ki „gvaris kate-

goriis~ markerad, anu is, rom „maqcevrebis funqciebi erTmaneTisagan mkve-

10

Trad gamijnuli ar uda yofiliyo~, givi maWavarians aZlevs uflebas, da-

svas kiTxva: „raki umeteswilad maqcevrebis arseboba mainc polipersona-

lizmTanaa dakavSirebuli, ismis kiTxva: saerTod, mTlianad xom ar ukav-

Sirdeboda maqcevrebi polipersonalizms?~ (unda aRiniSnos, rom givi ma-

Wavarianis es eWvi besik jorbenaZesTan ukve daZleulia: xmovanprefiqsebi

zmnis formaSi piris „povnierebaze~ miuTiTebs).

da marTlac, qarTuli zmnis aucilebeli da sakmarisi raodenobis

zmnur formaTa morfosintaqsurma analizma aCvena, rom mravalpiriani zmnis

xmovanprefiqsebi a-, i-, u- zmnis piris niSanTa Tanmdevi elementebia, ro-

melTa gramatikuli funqcia zmnis formaSi monawile pirebis korelaciis

Cvenebaa, rac konteqstis mixedviT SeiZleba iyos kuTvnileba-daniSnulebis

semantikis Cvenebac, lokalizaciisac, sivrceSi orientaciisac da sxva se-

mantikuri niuansebic. es ki am xmovanTa semantikuri da ara gramatikuli

funqciaa. igive iTqmis -ebi struqturis orpirian zmnebSi u- (u-Sreba) da

e- (e-laparakeba) xmovanprefiqsebis Sesaxeb, romelTa gramatikuli fun-

qcia pirTa korelaciis Cvenebaa, xolo i- prefiqsis gramatikuli funqcia

am struqturaSi ukuqceviTobis (refleqsivis), subieqtis Sinagan obieqt-

Tan mimarTebis, ukumoqcevis, maCvenebelia.

am leqciaze givi maWavarianma qarTvelur enaTa utyuari naTesaobis

Taobaze „maqcevrebis~ mowmobis unikalur mniSvnelobasTan dakavSirebiT

metad gonebamaxviluri da mniSvnelovani Tvalsazrisi wamoayena: „maqcev-

rebi da zmnis mravalpirianoba erTmaneTTan mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli.

mravalpirianoba rom ar iyos, maqcevrebi arc iqneboda saWiro. maqcevrebis

erTnairoba samive qarTvelur enaSi imas miuTiTebs, rom es mawarmoeblebi

saerTo qarTveluridan momdinareoben. maqcevarTa arseboba utyuarad mig-

viTiTebs imas, rom nebismieri axladarmoCenili ena (Tuki aseT fantasti-

kur SesaZleblobas davuSvebT), romelic maqcevrebs Seicavs, SegviZlia

uyoymanod mivakuTvnoT qarTveluri enebis jgufs~.

givi maWavarianis leqciebi CvenTvis, misi msmeneli-studentebisTvis

iyo ara marto sagnis Seswavlis, aramed logikuri azrovnebisa da dasa-

buTebis xelovnebis swavlebis saukeTeso magaliTi, romelsac, amave dros,

axlda faqizi enobrivi alRosa da intuiciis demonstrirebis umSveniere-

si procesi. leqciis msvlelobisas interesiT mihyvebodi mis gansja-msje-

lobas, masTan erTad azrovnebdi, xedavdi, rogor ikveTeboda saboloo

daskvna, romelic gansjis gzaze, gzadagza, SeiZleba Secvliliyo kidevac:

es giRviZebda kvlevis Zlier survils da gaZlevda gabedulebasa da im-

pulss raRac axlis Ziebisa da aRmoCenisa.

madloba mas studentobis im bednieri dReebisaTvis!

damana meliqiSvili

11

udidesi enaTmecnieri da Cinebuli pedagogi

90 weli Seusruldeboda profesor givi maWavarians 2016 wlis 5

dekembers, arada Zalian axalgazrda – 40 wlisa gamogvecala xelidan. es

iyo sruliad moulodneli ubedureba, romelic maSin Tavs daatyda aram-

xolod qarTul lingvistur skolas – brwyinvale enaTmecnieri budapeS-

tSi gamarTul saerTaSoriso kongresze gavistumreT 1968 wlis agvisto-

Si, magram, samwuxarod, igi iqidan aRar dabrunebula – didi ivane java-

xiSvilis msgavsad gamoeTxova wuTisofels, kaTedraze mdgari, Tumca mo-

aswro ki gamoTxoveba?! – infarqtis Zlieri dartymiT wamierad gardaic-

vala. „davkargeT Cinebuli mkvlevari, Cveni universitetis zogadi enaTmec-nierebis kaTedris Znelad Sesanacvlebeli wevri“, – werda maSin am kaTe-

dris mxcovani gamge, akademikosi giorgi axvlediani.

diax, aqamde givi maWavarianis Secvla veravin moaxerxa verc erT li-

ngvistur kaTedraze! batoni givi namdvili Suqura iyo Tavisi student-

aspirantebisTvis, romelTac igi dRemde unaTebs gzas.

givi maWavariani rom aRar aris Cven Soris, amitomac ara gvaqvs „qar-

Tvelur enaTa SedarebiTi gramatika“. marTalia, Cven gamoveciT amave saxe-

lwodebis saxelmZRvanelo batoni givis yofili studentebis (rusudan

janaSia, damana meliqiSvili, iza CantlaZe) saleqcio Canawerebis mixedviT

2002 wels, magram masSi leqtoris SedarebiT Zveli (1955-1960) wlebis

Sexedulebania warmodgenili.

kavkasiur enaTa ganyofilebis III kursis studentebs batoni givi or

urTules sagans gvaswavlida: „qarTvelur enaTa SedarebiT gramatikas“ da

„iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecnierebis Sesavals“. arcerT maTganSi aranairi

saxelmZRvanelo ar arsebobda arcerT enaze (arnold Ciqobavas Sesabamisi

monografia gamovida givi maWavarianis gardacvalebidan 11 wlis Semdeg –

1979 wels). 19 wlis axalgazrdebisTvis arc ise advili iyo imis mosme-

na, ratom Seesatyviseba qarTul ZaRl- fuZes svanurSi maincadamainc -e

(JeR) da ara -a-, an pirovani uRvlilebaa istoriulad amosavali Tu

klasovani iberiul-kavkasiur enebSi, magram analogiur gramatikul, TiTqos

e. w. mSral sakiTxebze iseTi interesiT msjelobda usayvarlesi leqto-

ri, rom yvelani monusxulni vusmendiT mas – gogonebi kidev rogorRac

vaxerxebdiT leqciebis Zalze fragmentuli konspeqtis Sedgenas, zurab

sarjvelaZe (SemdgomSi akademikosi) ki saerTod ver hkidebda kalams

xels, ise iyo mojadoebuli batoni givis leqciebiT. yovelTvis gvecine-

boda, roca SegvekiTxebodnen – givi maWavariani romel sagnebs gikiTxav-

To. mas CvenTvis arasdros araferi waukiTxavs, aranairi wignidan araferi

12

ukarnaxebia. yovelTvis erTad vmsjelobdiT da zogjer vkamaTobdiT ki-

dec, radganac TiTqmis yovel leqciaze is cdilobda, esa Tu is konkre-

tuli lingvisturi sakiTxi daekavSirebina kavkasiel xalxTa eTnogenezi-

sis problemasTan, anu batoni givi erTgvarad lingvokulturologiuri

kvlevebiT iyo gatacebuli leqciebis drosac ki da sul undoda, Tavisi

studentebic CaerTo am Zalze seriozul saqmianobaSi.

profesori givi maWavariani araCveulebrivad taqtiani pedagogi iyo,

Tumca isic araerTxel gvinaxavs, rogori TavganwirviT usabuTebda xolme

masTan mokamaTe kolegas araswori azris usafuZvlobas.

mesame kursis studentebi zafxulSi migvavlines svanuri enis Sesas-

wavlad mestiis raionis sxvadasxva sofelSi erTi TviT (am ukanasknels

imitom gavxazav, rom axla, samwuxarod, Cveni studentoba mxolod tu-

ristuli TvalsazrisiT miemgzavreba xolme imave teritoriaze da isic

mxolod erTi kviriT); iqidan Camosulebs mogvTxoves samecniero mivline-

bis angariSebis gakeTeba. sxdomas kavkasiur enaTa mTeli kaTedra daeswro,

maT Soris misi gamgec – akademikosi arnold Ciqobava. ar vici, SemeSinda,

Tu ra moxda (SiSi arasdros maxasiaTebs moxsenebis kiTxvis dros!), da-

faze davwere svanuri ACad („wavida“), Cemi azriT, fonologiis erT-erTi rTuli ubnis specifikis sailustraciod (axlac ki ver warmomidgenia,

ase ratom moviqeci – anlautur -a- formas arc mosdevs romelime pala-

taluri xmovani da verc aRvadgenT maT, amitom unda damewera aCAd, rome-lic momdinareobs winare *aCad-i safexuridan, Zvel svanur xalxur sim-

RerebSi romaa daculi wyvetilis mwkrivSi). batoni givi SemekiTxa:

– Tqven pirveli a ggoniaT umlautiani?

– diax! – iyo pasuxi. mivxvdi, rom raRac sisulele vTqvi, magram maSin baton givis saja-

rod araferi uTqvams. gavida ramdenime dRe, leqciis Semdeg damtova da

didebulad amixsna, Tu ratom ar unda aRmeniSna umlauti saanalizo zmnis

dasawyisSi. mTeli Cemi sicocxle svanur teqstebsa Tu leqsikonebze vmu-

Saob da sadac ki aCAd formas davinaxav, yovelTvis civi ofli masxams xolme, TiTqos guSin moxda es ambavi. diax, Cemma didebulma maswavlebel-

ma sajarod ar Semarcxvina da arc gamijavrda uneblieT Tu gamoucdelo-

biT daSvebuli sakmaod uxeSi Secdomis gamo.

givi maWavariani saocrad patiosani kaci gaxldaT, WeSmariti pirovne-

ba, da sruliad bunebrivia, rom Tavisi msgavsi adamianebi uyvarda. enaTmec-

nierebis institutSi Cven erT ganyofilebaSi vmuSaobdiT, sadac batoni

maqsime qaldanic iyo. cnobilia, rom man erTgvarad Zireuli gardatexa

moaxdina svanuri umlautis kvlevis saqmeSi da Tavis sadoqtoro diser-

13

taciaSi gamoyo ori safexuri cal-calke _ e.w. wina mimarTulebisa da

ukana mimarTulebisa. batoni givic manamde orgvar umlauts (palatalur-

sa da labialurs) ganixilavda, mere ki Tavis cnobil naSromSi „umlau-

tis istoriidan svanurSi“ (ike, 1970: 94-106) xazgasmiT aRniSna: „e.w.

ukana mimarTulebis (velaruli) umlauti (zsv. dASdU

14

yofilan, xolo vinme gedeon maWavariani sofel mulaxis eklesiis ma-

cxovris xatis ktitori gaxldaT (e. TayaiSvili).

svanuri enis sintaqsuri analizisadmi miZRvnili gamokvlevebiT dRe-

sac ki ara varT ganebivrebulni da xom warmogidgeniaT, 1962 wels ra

situaciac iqneboda? batoni arnoldi apirebda CemTvis rekomendaciis mo-

cemas aspiranturaSi Sesasvleli gamocdebis Casabareblad da amis Taobaze

daeTaTbira akademikos varlam Tofurias, romelic kviraSi erTxel aspi-

rantiviT mamecadinebda svanurSi mexuTekursel students. gadawyda, rom

me sadiplomo Temis saxiT davamuSavebdi sxvaTa sityvis nawilakebs sva-

nurSi danarCen qarTvelur enebTan mimarTebiT. marTlac seriozulad mo-

vkide saqmes xeli da aRmoCnda, rom iribi naTqvamis gamoxatvis Tvalsaz-

risiT svanuri garkveul specifikas avlens qarTul-zanurTan SedarebiT.

specialur literaturaSi mxolod fragmentulad iyo SeniSnuli, rom

eser an roq{U}/ loq{U} („o“) nawilakTa Semcveli gamonaTqvami, sulerTi-a, romeli piris mier iqneba is warmoTqmuli, iguebs mxolod mesamepiri-

seul konstruqcias zmnaTa da nacvalsaxelTa formebis gamoxatvis Tval-

sazrisiT, magram svanuri enis oTxive dialeqtis, andazebis, Zveli xalxu-

ri simRerebis teqstebisa da idiomatur gamonaTqvamTa masalebis sagangebo

Seswavlam aCvena, rom mTlad ase ar iyo saqme – marTalia, ZiriTadia me-

samepiriseuli konstruqciebi, magram gvxvdeba qarTul-zanuriseburi viTa-

rebac, anu pirveli da meore piris gramatikul formaTa amsaxveli dia-

logebic, rac me maSin svanuri enis ganviTarebis SedarebiT gviandeli sa-

fexuris asaxvad miviCnie, masSemdegdroindelis, rodesac kidev ufro gaZ-

lierda qarTvelur enaTa kontaqtebi da, aqedan gamomdinare, interferen-

ciuli movlenebic. mogvianebiT (2008 w.), kodoruli metyvelebis sagange-

bo kvlevisas, Cemma mowafem, qeTevan margianma-subarma, Tavis sadoqtoro

disertaciaSi „zemosvanur dialeqtTa morfosintaqsuri analizis zogi

aspeqti“ gaimeora Cems sadiplomo naSromSi warmodgenili axali mosazre-

bani da zogi ram kidev ufro daazusta, xolo manamde profesorebi kevin

tuiti (1997 w.) da vinfrid boederi (2002 w.) msjelobdnen am sakiTxze,

udarebdnen svanuri nawilakovani sxvisi naTqvamis konstruqciebs ingli-

suri enis Sesabamis gamonaTqvamebs da, ZiriTadad, iziarebdnen Cems Tval-

Taxedvas. miuxedavad imisa, rom SemdgomSi aseTi kargi bedi ewia axalgaz-

rduli kvlevis Sedegebs, 22 wlis asakSi Zalze meuxerxuleboda Cems

usayvarles maswavleblebTan (v. Tofuria, T. SaraZeniZe) kamaTi da amitom

sadiplomo naSromSi saocrad mokrZalebulad vmsjelobdi sruliad axa-

li gaazrebis Sesaxeb. TavisTavad cxadia, batoni givi maSinve mixvda yve-

lafers, magram gamafrTxila: amieridan Tqven xSirad mogiwevT analogiur

15

viTarebaSi Cavardna da Tavxedobisgan RmerTma dagifaroT, Tumca arc na-

metani mokrZaleba vargao.

baton givis svaneTis sxvadasxva sofelSi Tavisi biWebic dahyavda

xolme. erTxel, maxsovs, institutSic moiyvana 3 wlis gogi da aRtace-

buli gviyveboda: vidre aq SemovidodiT, goglikas viRac kacma SemTxveviT

fexi wahkra, rasac aman „mrisxaned“ upasuxa: finTxild, si mare!..

(„frTxilad, Se kaco!“). axali Camosulebi iyvnen cxumaridan da saocrad

uxaroda, rom am erTi cicqna bavSvma iqauri metyvelebidan Zalze buneb-

rivad daimaxsovra Tundac erTi gamonaTqvami.

batoni givi Cemi sadiplomo naSromis mecnier-xelmZRvaneli gaxldaT.

vin moTvlis, ramdeni ram (aramxolod samecniero) viswavle sakonsulta-

cio Sexvedrebze! iseTi gancda mqonda, TiTqos brZeni akademikosi minaTeb-

da gza-kvals svanuri enis struqturis urTules labirinTebSi, arada,

axalgazrduli asakis gamo, Tavis droze, ubrwyinvalesi enaTmecnieri ara-

vis gaxsenebia mecnierebaTa akademiis wevrebis asarCev konkursze. eh, Za-

lian dasanania, Cven ki mis student-aspirantebs profesori givi maWavari-

ani yvela akademikosze ukeTes mecnierad migvaCnda.

iza CantlaZe

16

enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi _ 2017 _ ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS

givi maWavarianis Sromebis

anotirebuli bibliografia1

1. masalebi pureulis leqsikisaTvis Signi kaxeTSi, 1948 w., Tsu stu-

dentTa X samecniero konferencia, III kursi, Tezisebi (ix. anotacia 3).

2. meSveli zmnis agebulebisaTvis svanurSi, 1949 w., Tsu studentTa

samecniero konferencia, IV kursi, Tezisebi, gamouqveynebeli xelnaweri,

16 gverdi.

meSveli zmnis -i elementi avtoris azriT, SeiZleba davukavSiroT aw-

myos (resp. permansivis) -i sufiqss, xolo segmentebi -A/Asv, -as uwyvetlis mx. ricxvis I da II pirSi dadasturebul sufiqsebs, uwyvetlis damouki-

debel mawarmoeblebs. -Asv formantSi -v an fonetikuri danarTia, an uwy-vetlis damoukidebeli mawarmoebeli. -As unda momdinareobdes -es-isgan da unda ukavSirdebodes laSxuris -is sufiqss (uwyv. mx. r. I da II p.) da balszemouris -is bolosarTs (ixmareba pirobiTis yvela pirSi).

3. masalebi pureulis leqsikisaTvis Signi kaxeTSi, 1950 w., studen-

tTa samecniero Sromebis krebuli, Tsu, wigni V, gv. 286-295.

Tavmoyrilia Signi kaxeTSi xmarebuli pureulis terminebi. daxasiaTe-

bulia puris moyvanisa da Semdgomi gadamuSavebis procesi moxvnidan puris

gamocxobamde. aris cda zogi sityvis etimologiisa. masala Cawerilia

1947 wlis agvistoSi yvarlis raionis sof. SildaSi da sof. gremSi.

4. statikuroba-dinamikurobis sakiTxisaTvis afxazurSi, 1950 w., Tsu

studentTa XII samecniero konferencia, V kursi, Tezisebi, gamouqveynebe-

li xelnaweri, 18 gverdi.

Tanamedrove afxazurSi statikuri da dinamikuri zmnebi upirispirde-

bian erTmaneTs rogorc SinaarsiT, ise formiT. istoriulad afxazuri

zmna dinamikuroba-statikurobis TvalsazrisiT neitraluri unda yofili-

yo, aspeqti ki gangrZobiTi (diuratiuli) unda hqonoda. amasTan dakavSi-

rebiT ismis finituroba-infiniturobis sakiTxi. safiqrebelia, es katego-

riac meoreuli iyos.

1 `Sesrulebulia maia maWavarianisa da TinaTin CigogiZis mier Sedgenili bibli-

ografiis safuZvelze, damatebebiT da mcire SesworebebiT (mimomxilveli 6-9,

Tsu gamomcemloba, Tbilisi 1972).

17

5. afxazuri da qarTuli zmnis ZiriTadi kategoriebi, 1950 w., sadip-

lomo Sroma, gamouqveynebeli xelnaweri, 57 gverdi.

naSromi warmoadgens qarTulisa da afxazuris zmnur kategoriaTa mi-

moxilvasa da maTi Sepirispirebis cdas. pirvel rigSi avtoris yuradReba

gamaxvilebulia im kategoriebze, romlebic saerToa orive enis zmnisaT-

vis: piri, ricxvi, gardamavloba, dro da kilo, absolutivi, qceva, poten-

cialisi, kauzativi, masdari. avtoris azriT, zogjer SeiniSneba parale-

lizmi qarTuli da afxazuri zmnis kategoriebsa da maT morfologiur

warmoebas Soris. gansakuTrebiT es exeba zmnis dro-kiloTa sistemas.

sxvaobebi, avtoris varaudiT, rig SemTxvevaSi, diaqroniuli cvlilebebis

Sedegia. magaliTad, avtori fiqrobs, rom istoriulad msgavsi viTareba

unda yofiliyo afxazursa da qarTulSi gvarisa da qcevis, dinamikuroba-

statikurobis, kauzativis warmoebas Soris.

6. xolmeobiTis istoriisaTvis qarTvelur enebSi, 1951 w., gamouqvey-

nebeli xelnaweri, 12 gverdi.

avtori adgens fonetikur da funqciur ekvivalentebs qarTuli, sva-

nuri da megrul-lazuri zogierTi zmnuri formis warmoebas Soris da

askvnis, rom qarTvelur enebSi istoriulad gangrZobiTi aspeqtis (resp. xolmeobiTis) mawarmoeblad -i sufiqsis gverdiT gvqonda -a sufiqsic (zan. *o→u). es sufiqsi ukve Zvel saliteraturo qarTulSi TiTqmis sruliad ganidevna -i-s mier, maSin rodesac zanursa da svanurSi igi dResac cocxalia. a- (zan. *o→u) sufiqsis funqciaTa simravle dRevan-del zanursa da svanurSi swored imiT aixsneba, rom igi arsebiTad mxo-

lod erT funqcias asrulebs: miuTiTebs gangrZobiT aspeqtze.

7. gramatikis sakiTxebi i. stalinis saenaTmecniero moZRvrebis mixed-

viT, 1951 w., Tsu aspirantTa samecniero konferencia, Tezisebi.

8. gangrZobiTi aspeqtis warmoebisaTvis qarTvelur enebSi, 1952 w.,

Tsu aspirantTa samecniero konferencia. Tezisebi. gamouqveynebeli xelna-

weri, 23 gverdi.

svanurSi xolmeobiTi -i sufiqsis paralelurad gvaqvs -a sufiqsic. svan. -a-s fonetikuri da morfologiuri Sesatyvisia zan. -u (*o→u). qarTulSi es sufiqsi dasturdeba mxolod ramdenime zmnaSi (mag., dg-a-s).

9. Основные морфологические категории глагола в картвелъских языках, Частъ I, Автореферат кандидатской диссертации, Тбилиси, 1953 г., 16 gverdi (sadisertacio Sroma, wardgenili filologiis mecnierebaTa kandidatis xarisxis mosapoveblad `zmnis ZiriTadi morfologiuri kate-

18

goriebi qarTvelur enebSi~, nakveTi I), gamouqveynebeli xelnaweri qar-

Tul enaze, 285 gverdi.

naSromSi ganxilulia zmnis ZiriTadi morfologiuri kategoriebi: pi-

ri, ricxvi, qceva, gvari (potencialisis kategoriasTan erTad) qarTvelur

enebSi. zmnebi daxasiaTebulia agreTve gardamavlobisa da statikuroba-di-

namikurobis kategoriaTa mixedviT. zmnis kategoriebi gaanalizebulia ro-

gorc sinqroniuli, ise diaqroniuli TvalsazrisiT. dasmulia rigi saki-

Txi am kategoriaTa genezisis Sesaxeb.

10. `liCed~ zmnis etimologiisaTvis, 1953 w., gamouqveynebeli xelna-weri, 6 gverdi.

svanurSi dadasturebuli Ced ←*qed amosavalia qarTulisa da zanu-risaTvisac. Aam fuZis Tavdapirveli mniSvneloba unda yofiliyo `triali,

brunva, qceva“ (Zveli qarTulis gagebiT). svan. bz. a-CAd, lSx. lnt. a-Cad niSnavda `moiqca~. Qqv. svan. an-Cad `moiqca~, x-o-Cid `uqcia~. unda viva-raudoT, rom svan. gardamavali formisaTvis (Cid/CGd) e xmovniani vari-anti iyo amosavali (Cid←*Ced). es Seexeba saerTod fuZedrekad zmnebs. avtoris azriT, sakiTxi specialur Seswavlas moiTxovs.

11. SedarebiTi xarisxis warmoebisaTvis qarTvelur enebSi, 1954 w.,

Tsu samecniero sesia, Tezisebi (ix. anotacia 22).

12. zmnis ZiriTadi morfologiuri kategoriebi qarTvelur enebSi (II

kauzativi), 1954 w., Tsu kavkasiur enaTa kaTedra, gamouqveynebeli xelna-

weri, 106 gverdi.

kauzativis mawarmoeblebis funqcia qarTvelur enebSi istoriulad

prefiqsebs ekisreboda. kerZod, qarTvelur enaTa ganviTarebis garkveul

safexurze kauzativis ZiriTad mawarmoeblad a- prefiqsi unda yofiliyo gamoyenebuli. sasubieqto qcevis formebSi analogiuri roli SeeZlo Se-

esrulebina -i prefiqss. avtoris azriT, a- prefiqsi imTaviTve kauzativ-Tan (gardamavlobasTan) ar unda yofiliyo dakavSirebuli. kauzativis -a warmoSobiT igive elementi Cans, rac sazedaos -a. es ukanaskneli gardau-val zmnebTanac gvaqvs. a- prefiqsis genezisis Zieba sxva `maqcevrebis~ ge-nezisis Ziebas unda daukavSirdes. sufiqsebi, avtoris varaudiT, kauzati-

vis warmoebaSi Tavdapirvelad monawileobas ar iRebdnen, isini awmyos

fuZis sawarmoebeli formantebi unda yofiliyvnen. moqmedebiTi gvaris

(awmyos fuZis) Camoyalibeba kauzativs ver daukavSirdeba. kauzativis ka-

tegoria win uswrebs gvars. qarTvelur enaTa ganviTarebis procesSi kau-

zativis mawarmoeblebis funqcia TandaTanobiT sufiqsebma daikisres. es

sufiqsebia:

19

qarT. -ev (→av): zan. *-ov (=qarT. -ev ||-av) svan. _ -en- -af (=qarT. -eb) -un -un -in (= qarT. -en) -en

erTianobas prefiqsebis TvalsazrisiT (qarT. a- : svan. a- : zan. o-) upirispirdeba siWrele sufiqsebis TvalsazrisiT am ukanasknelTa meoreu-

lobis gamo. qarTulisa da zanurisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia rogorc `denta-

luri~, ise `labialuri~ sufiqsebi. svanurSi `labialuri~ sufiqsebi ara

gvaqvs. meore mxriv -un sufiqsi saziaroa qarTulisa da svanurisaTvis da ar Cans zanurSi. amgvarad, qarTuls saSualo adgili uWiravs zanursa da

svanurs Soris, magram mainc zanurTan ufro axloa, vidre svanurTan.

13. zmnis ZiriTadi morfologiuri kategoriebi qarTvelur enebSi (II

aspeqti), 1955 w., Tsu kavkasiur enaTa kaTedra, gamouqveynebeli xelnawe-

ri, 62 gverdi.

aspeqtis gamoxatvis sistema Tanamedrove qarTvelur enebSi ZiriTadad

erTgvaria. gadamwyvet rols asrulebs dapirispireba srulsa da usrul

aspeqts Soris. sruli aspeqti preverbis saSualebiT gamoixateba. upre-

verbo zmna, rogorc wesi, usruli aspeqtisaa. Tanamedrove qarTveluri

enebisaTvis istoriulad amosavalia aspeqtis gamoxatvis is sistema, ro-

melic Zv. qarTulSi dasturdeba. Ees sistema xasiaTdeba Semdegi niSnebiT:

1) aspeqtis gamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT preverbebi TiTqmis araviTar rols

ar asruleben; 2) ZiriTadia dapirispireba ara srulsa da usrul aspeqts

Soris, aramed momentobrivsa da diuratiul aspeqts Soris. Mmomentobri-

vi aspeqtisaa ori nakvTi: aoristi da II kavSirebiTi. gangrZobiT aspeqts

xolmeobiTi da awmyos wyebis nakvTebi gamoxataven; 3) aspeqtis Zveli sis-

tema yvela qarTvelur enaSi Seicvala. masTan cvalebadobis tendenciebi

yvelgan erTnairi aRmoCnda. is gansxvaveba, romelic dRes gvaqvs lazursa

da qarTul-megrul-svanurs Soris, imdenad ganviTarebis sxvadasxva ten-

denciebze ar miuTiTebs, ramdenadac ganviTarebis sxvadasxva tempze. la-

zurSi Zveli sistemis Secvla bolomde ar aris miyvanili. qarTulsa da

megrulSi es procesi ZiriTadad ukve damTavrda. svanuris evolucia ki-

dev ufro Sors aris wasuli: garkveul SemTxvevebSi preverbiani n. usru-

li srulaspeqtiani aoristis gagebas iZleva. avtoris azriT, aspeqtis ge-

nezisis rkvevas zmnis warmoSobis problemamde mivyavarT. sainteresoa is

tipologiuri paralelebi, romelic arsebobs qarTvelursa da afxazur-a-

diRur enebs Soris.

14. a. Sardanovi, potencialisis da qcevis kategoriebi (adiRur ena-

Ta uRvlilebis sistemaSi), sakandidato disertacia, recenzia qarTul (8

gv.) da rusul (9 gv.) enebze, Ggamouqveynebeli xelnawerebi.

20

15. xmovanTa Sesatyvisobis istoriidan qarTvelur enebSi, 1955 w.,

Tsu samecniero sesia, Tezisebi (ix. anotacia 21).

16. `a~ xmovnis labializaciis SemTxvevebi svanurSi, 1956 w., saqar-Tvelos MmecnierebaTa akademiis Mmoambe, t. XVI, 4 gverdi.

svanuri xmovanTa sistemiT istoriulad qarTuls uWers mxars da upi-

rispirdeba zanurs. qarT. Aa: svan. Aa. iq, sadac vadasturebT qarT. a: svan.

u (→ i||G) || o, es u ||o Sedegia a-s kombinatoruli cvlilebebisa bagis-mieri Tanxmovnebis mezoblobaSi.

17. maxvilis sakiTxisaTvis qarTvelur enebSi, 1955-1956 ww., (wakiTx-

ulia moxsenebad Tsu ,,lingvisturi saubrebis~ sxdomaze 1957 wlis 11

marts), Ggamouqveynebeli xelnaweri, 188 gverdi.

monografiaSi dasmuli da Taviseburad gadaWrilia Semdegi sakiTxebi:

1) sityvaSi maxvilis adgili qarTulSi, svanursa da zanurSi. 2) maxvi-

lis tipis dadgena; 3) maxvilis moqmedebis meqanizmi, reduqciis tipebi

da sityvis struqtura; 4) monaTesave enebis monacemebis Sedarebis safuZ-

velze saerTo-qarTveluri fuZe-enis daxasiaTeba yvela zemoT CamoTvlili

TvalsazrisiT. Aavtori eyrdnoba qarTvelur enebSi Tavdapirveli srul-

xmovnobis Teorias (arn. Ciqobava), samsave qarTvelur enaSi avtori aRad-

gens maxvilis erTnair moZrav dinamikur tips da reduqciis msgavs meqa-

nizms. Sedarebis safuZvelze dgindeba sityvis modeli saerTo fuZe-eni-

saTvis. avtori gamoyofs ori tipis models:

I. *ZR-al II. *Zam-n *v-drek *derk

SromaSi warmodgenilia sityvebi, romelTac aqvT kanonzomieri fone-

tikuri Sesatyvisebi qarTvelur enebSi. maxvilis meqanizmi Semdegia: Tu

maxvili modis Tavkidur marcvalze (es umetesad Ziriseuli masalaa), ma-

Sin sufiqsi reduqciis srul safexurzea (avtoris terminia, gv. 157),

magram Tu maxvili sufiqsze modis, maSin reduqcias ganicdis Ziriseuli

xmovani, an Tavkiduri marcvali. Ees wesi met-naklebad moqmedebs yvela

qarTvelur enaSi, oRond maxvilis adgilis ganawilebis mixedviT zanuri

da qarTuli Cveulebriv analogiur suraTs gviCvenebs, svanuri ki gansxva-

vebul models iZleva, ris Sedegad, svanurSi, xSir SemTxvevaSi, dakargu-

lia saerTo-qarTveluri sufiqsebi (magaliTad, determinantebi). avtoris

azriT, maxvilis moZravi, dinamikuri xasiaTis gamo, dgeba sakiTxi qarTve-

lur enebSi maxvilis morfologiuri rolis Sesaxeb (gv. 135, 166, 169).

avtors sailustraciod mohyavs citata herman paulis naSromidan, sadac

21

gaxazulia maxvilis roli germanuli ablautis Camoyalibebis procesSi

(gv. 135). avtoris azriT, es sakiTxi specialur kvlevas saWiroebs. am

mxriv saerTo suraTs gviCveneben qarTveluri enebis saxelisa da zmnis

zogierTi formebi. zmnaSi es gansakuTrebiT Tavs iCens e.w. fuZedrekad

zmnebSi (v. Tofuria). avtoris azriT, maxvilis moZraobis mimarTuleba

erTgvari unda yofiliyo svanurisa da qarTulis zmnebis garkveul tipSi.

gansxvavebas qmnis mxolod is, rom qarTulSi maxvili S3-is -a sufiqsze gadadis, svanurs ki aseTi sufiqsi ara aqvs. svanuriseuli mdgomareoba

SeiZleboda yofiliyo winaistoriul qarTulSic:

qarT. *drek svan. *u-dgar *h-drek *h-dgar *derk * dagr

avtoris azriT, ,,Znelia Tavi davaRwioT STabeWdilebas, rom am or

movlenas Soris raRac Sinagani kavSiri arsebobs da rom maTi gamosavali

wertili qarTvelur enaTa erTianobis epoqaSia saZiebeli~ (gv. 135). rac

Seexeba saxelebs, avtoris yuradRebas iqcevs is faqti, ,,rom kvecas um-

Tavresad sonantebi (v, n, l…) ganicdian, qarTvelur enebSi ki (maT Soris svanurSi) swored sonantebi Seadgenen determinanti sufiqsebis Tanxmov-

niT elements~ (gv. 99). yuradRebas iqcevs Sromis ramdenime adgili, sa-

dac avtori ayenebs ramdenime sayuradRebo hipoTezas qarTvelur enebSi

marcvlovani ¢, £, agreTve u-s savaraudo arsebobis Sesaxeb. igi wers: ,,SevadaroT qarT. wyrT-a, zan. WyiT-a || WyirTa (i. yifSiZe), svan. WiTx

(s. JRenti)~.

svan. WiTx-is saTanado qarTul da zanur (ufro zustad megrul)

fuZeebTan Sedarebis safuZvelze s. JRenti askvnis, rom x svanurSi da y qarTulsa da zanurSi ganviTarebulia. s. Jrents r-c (qarT. wyrTaSi) CarTulad miaCnia, magram r-s sakiTxi ase martivad ver gadawydeba. SesaZ-lebelia, am sityvaSi r imTaviTve yofiliyo. arn. Ciqobavas dadasturebu-li aqvs ramdenime SemTxveva, rodesac qarT. r-s Tanxmovnebs Soris zanur-Si udris u an i: qarT. grZ-el-i : laz. gunZ-e ||→ ginZ-e : megr. ginZ-e || girZ-e, qarT. wrf-el-i : laz. Mm-Wif-e : megr. Wif-e (,,wvrili”) (ix. megrul-Wanuri SedarebiTi leqsikoni, gv. 229, 231).

Cvens SemTxvevaSic igive Sefardeba Cans: Tanxmovnebs Sua moqceul r-s

udris zan. i (|| ir?) (wyrT-a : WyiT-a). sainteresoa, rom svanuric zanurs uWers mxars: qarT. wyrT-a : svan. WiTx.

Tu asea, maSin SeiZleboda gvevarauda, rom qarT. r Tanxmovnebs Soris ZvelisZvelad marcvals qmnida, e.i. gvqonda marcvlovani r _ *¢ (wy¢T-

22

a), romelmac ufro gvian reduqcia ganicada da marcvlis Seqmnis unari

dakarga... (Sdr. А. Мейе, Введение в сравнительное изучение индоевро-пейских языков, М-Л. 1938, стр. 129-149; О. Гуйер, Введение в историю чешского языка, М. 1953, стр. 19-20). rac Seexeba zanursa da svanurs, aq amave xmovan ¢-s sruli vokalizacia unda ganecada da moeca ,,namdvili~ xmovani i. Tu megrul WyirTa-Si r Zvelia, maSin safiqrebelia, *¢-s srul vokalizacias win uZRoda i-s ganviTareba, Seadare qarT. salit.

klde, xevs. kilde, indoevr. *hthom , laT. Centum, berZn. έκατόy, lit. šitas ,,asi~.

ram daukarga xmovnoba *¢-s qarTulSi? sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, ratom ganicada reduqcia qarTulSi pirvelma (Tavidan) marcvalma? imitom, rom

bolokiduri -a (resp. determinanti sufiqsi) Zlieri maxvilis matarebeli

iyo: *w¢T- →*wy¢T- →wyrT-. svanurSi maxvili Tavidan pirvel marcvalze unda yofiliyo. amitom

pirvelma marcvalma aramcTu reduqcia ar ganicada, aramed *¢-s vokali-zaciis gziT ,,namdvili~ xmovanic ki (i) ganiviTara. samagierod moekveca

determinanti sufiqsi (albaT igive -a): *W¢T-a→ *W ̥T-a→ *W ̥T→ *W ̥Tx. warmodgenili axsna, ra Tqma unda, savaraudoa. marcvlovani r-s (*¢-s)

arsebobis sakiTxi qarTvelur enebSi damatebiT kvleva-Ziebas moiTxovs...

mTavari da arsebiTia aq Semdegi:

`qarT. wyrTa : zan. WyiTa : svan. WiTx SesatyvisobiT warmodgenili saerTo-qarTveluri sityva istoriulad ormarcvliani iyo... am mxriv sa-

yuradReboa sxva SemTxvevebic:

qarT. klde

svan. Kkoj (m. qaldani)

zan. (megr.) kirda || kirde

qarT. kld-e ←*kld- (£- marcvlovani l) svan. koj ←*kj-e (Tu *koj-a? Sdr. svan. poezia) ←kd-e (d→j-s

Sesaxeb ix. m. qaldani) ←*kd-e (o ← u Sdr. x-o-S-a : x-u-c-e-s-i) ←*k£d-e. Tu l→U, maSin *£ (marcvlovani l!) →u. qarT. bolomaxvil-ian tips svanurSi aqac Tavmaxviliani udris...!~ (gv. 35-38). analogiur azrs

avtori gamoTqvams u-s Sesaxeb: ,,xom ar aris Ãur-u ←*Ãur-v-Si -u vo-kalizebuli -v (-U)? Sdr. Э. Бенвенист, Индоевропейское именное словооб-разование, М. 1955, стр. 79-80~ (gv. 39). 158-e gverdze avtori msjelobs Semdegnairad: ,,marTalia...…Zveli qarTuli kargad asxvavebs v-sa da U-s,

23

magram aris safuZveli vifiqroT, rom kbilbagismieri v-sa da wyvilbagis-mieri U-s garCeva Zveli qarTulis specifikuri siaxlea: fuZe-enaSi mxo-lod wyvilbagismieri U unda gvqonoda, rogorc es dRemde Semogvinaxa svanurma (kerZod, zemosvanurma). Zvel qarTulSi es *U garkveul piro-bebSi v-Sia gadasuli. es U saerTo-qarTvelur fuZe-enaSi u xmovnis pozi-ciuri varianti unda yofiliyo da ara damoukidebeli fonema~.

18. T. zurabiSvili, xarisxi qarTvelur enebSi, 1956 w., sakandidato

disertacia, recenzia qarTul enaze, 10 gverdi.

19. evg. jeiranaSvili, uduri ena I. fonetika, morfologia, 1956 w.,

recenzia qarTul enaze, xelnaweri.

20. namyo-usruli svanurSi da misi adgili qarTvelur enaTa uRvli-

lebis sistemaSi, 1957 w., Tsu samecniero sesia, Tezisebi, gamouqveynebu-

li xelnaweri, 1956 w., 70 gverdi.

SromaSi ganxilulia namyo usrulis warmoebis tipebi qarTul (Zvel-

sa da axal), zanur da svanur enebSi. specialuri ganxilvis sagania namyo

usrulis sawarmoeblad aRebuli amosavali fuZis sakiTxi mis mimarTebaSi

II seriis fuZeebTan. dasmulia sakiTxi namyo usrulis genezisis Sesaxeb

qarTvelur enebSi, rac mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli awmyos fuZis Camoya-

libebasTan. gaanalizebulia awmyos fuZisa da masdaris agebuleba. garkve-

ulia, rom namyo usrulisa da awmyos fuZis sawarmoeblad erTi da igive

formantebia gamoyenebuli. gamoTqmulia varaudi, rom awmyo da namyo us-

ruli istoriulad erTi da imave morfologiuri odenobis diferenciaci-

is Sedegia. namyo usrulis ZiriTad funqciad qarTvelur enaTa ganviTare-

bis adrindel safexurze ivaraudeba gangrZobiTi (resp. uwyveteli) aspeq-tis gamoxatva. namyo drois aRniSvna Tanmxleb moments warmoadgenda.

21. xmovanTa Sesatyvisobis istoriidan qarTvelur enebSi, Tsu Sro-

mebi, t. 69, 1958, gv. 265-276.

xmovanTa Sesatyvisobis ZiriTad formulebTan erTad dasturdeba Se-

satyvisoba qarT. e : zan. o (v. Tofuria). avtoris azriT, istoriulad aqac pirveladi unda iyos qarT. a : zan. o. am varauds mxars uWers qar-Tuli dialeqtebisa da svanuris monacemebi. amrigad, qarTulSi gvaqvs

ori e: erTi pirveladi, meore *a→e. am procesis dasawyisi qarTveluri dialeqtebis erTianobis xanas miekuTvneba, zanuri xmovnebis gadaweva ki

*a>o, *e>a ufro gvian ganxorcielda.

22. SedarebiTi xarisxis formaTa genezisisTvis qarTvelur enebSi,

Tsu Sromebi, t. 71, 1958, gv. 119-131.

24

SedarebiTi xarisxis formebi qarTvelur enebSi zmnuri warmoSobisaa.

prefiqsebis zmnuri warmomavloba eWvs ar iwvevda (a. SaniZe). avtoris va-

raudiT, sufiqsebidan: svan. a (← *aU) da misi Sesatyvisi zan. -u ← *-o (←*oU) awmyos fuZis sawarmoebeli formantia (Tematuri niSani), qarT. -e (zan. -a) an aoristis -e-s ukavSirdeba, an awmyos erT-erT sufiqss (u←eU). Tu ukanasknel varauds miviRebT, gveqneba safuZveli -e (←*eU) sufiqsi -a-s (←*aU) fonetikur variantad miviCnioT. -o sufiqsi damoukidebel morfologiur odenobas ar warmoadgens: -o←*eU v-s mezoblobaSi.

23. `uniSno~ vnebiTi qarTvelur enebSi, qarTvelur enaTa struqtu-

ris sakiTxebi, I, 1958, gv. 101-130.

naSromSi ganxilulia `uniSno~ vnebiTis formebi qarTulsa, zanursa

da svanurSi. am tipis dinamikurma zmnebma Zvelidanve gardauvali Sinaarsi

SeiZines, amitom gvaris kategoriis Camoyalibebis Semdeg isini bunebrivad

miekedlnen vnebiTi gvaris zmnebs, Tumca Tavisi SinaarsiT `uniSno vnebi-

Ti~ xSir SemTxvevaSi dResac gansxvavdeba ordinaluri vnebiTisgan: `kvde-

ba~ zmnis subieqti imave dros realur subieqtadac gaiazreba maSin, ro-

desac `ikvleba~ zmnis subieqti arsebiTad realur obieqts warmoadgens.

`uniSno vnebiTis~ Sesabamisi moqmedebiTi qarTulsa da zanurSi Cveuleb-

riv kauzatiuri warmoSobisaa (v-a-Tb-ob, b-o-tub-in-am). svanuri am Sem-TxvevaSi kauzatiur warmoebas ar iyenebs, samagierod farTo gasaqans aZ-

levs xmovanTa morfologiur monacvleobas: a-tAx _ a-tix, tex-n-i _ tix-e. `rTuli~ tipis (iSviaTad `martivi~ tipis) zmnebSi kauzatiur warmoebas arc qarTuli iyenebs. aqac morfologiuri monacvleoba gvaqvs:

v-drek _ v-drik-e, v-drk-eb-i. `rTuli~ tipis `uniSno vnebiTis~ uqon-

loba svanurSi arqaizmi Cans. amave `rTuli~ tipis arseboba qarTulsa da

zanurSi sxva faqtebTan erTad am enaTa ufro intensiur urTierTobaze

miuTiTebs.

24. zmnis aTematur fuZeTa mniSvnelobisaTvis qarTvelur enebSi, 1958 w.,

Tsu kavkasiur enaTa kaTedra, gamouqveynebeli xelnaweri, 21 gverdi, Te-

zisebi 2 gverdi.

zmnis aTematuri fuZe qarTvelur enebSi gamoiyeneba: 1) aoristis (resp. wyvetili, momentobrivi aspeqtis) mniSvnelobiT, 2) awmyos (resp. gangrZo-biTi, diuratiuli aspeqtis) mniSvnelobiT. zog SemTxvevaSi erTi da igive

fuZe SeiZleba mogvevlinos rogorc aoristis, ise awmyos funqciiT. gar-

damaval fuZedrekad zmnaTa awmyos fuZe istoriulad emTxveva saTanado

dinamikur gardauval zmnaTa aoristis fuZes. avtori askvnis: qarTvelur

25

enaTa zmnis aTematuri fuZe, Tu mas calke aviRebT, arc momentobrivi as-

peqtisaa, arc _ diuratiulisa (resp. arc aoristia, arc awmyo). konkre-tul aspeqtur (resp. droul) mniSvnelobas aTematuri fuZe iZens mxo-lod Tematur fuZeebTan mimarTebaSi.

25. qarTvelur enaTa SedarebiTi morfologia, nawili I, II, zmnis Ziri-

Tadi morfologiuri kategoriebi qarTvelur enebSi (monografia), 1958 w.,

Tsu kavkasiur enaTa kaTedra, gamouqveynebeli xelnaweri, 300 gv.

monografia Sedgeba Sesavlisa da ramdenime Tavisgan. Tavi pirveli:

preverbebi. Tavi meore: piri da ricxvi. Tavi mesame: maqcevrebi. Tavi meoT-

xe: vnebiTi gvari. Tavi mexuTe: kauzativi. Tavi meeqvse: dro-kiloTa sis-

tema. meToduri TvalsazrisiT sayuradReboa Sesavali. avtoris Sexedule-

bebi qarTvelur enaTa urTierTdamokidebulebebisa da maTi istoriuli

damokidebulebis Sesaxeb mTis iberiul-kavkasiur enebTan arsebiTad gan-

sxvavdeba tradiciulisgan. amdenad avtors Taviseburad esmis agreTve

qarTvelur enaTa Seswavlis meTodika. is iyenebs klasikuri SedarebiT-is-

toriuli enaTmecnierebis ZiriTad cnebebsa da meTodebs: fuZe-enisa da

rekonstruqciis cnebebs, rekonstruqciis safexurebis mtkice Tanmimdev-

robis dacvis moTxovnas, relatiuri qronologiis cnebas, Sinagani rekon-

struqciis meTods da sxva. avtoris azriT, iberiul-kavkasiur ojaxSi

Semavali enebis qvejgufebis mimarT ar aris ganxorcielebuli klasikuri

SedarebiT-istoriuli kvleva-Zieba. kerZod, ar aris rekonstruirebuli

calkeuli qvejgufis fuZe-enebi, ar aris dadgenili maT Soris fonetiku-

ri Sesatyvisobebi. aseT pirobebSi, avtoris azriT, iberiul-kavkasiur ena-

Ta erTianoba SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT mxolod `preistoriis~ xanas. Aavto-

ris ZiriTad amocanas Seadgens `istoriuli~ epoqis Seswavla. misi azriT,

saerTo-qarTveluri ena diferenciaciis wina periodisa (resp. diferencia-ciis sawyisi periodisa) aris is fokusi, romelSic unda iyrides Tavs

qarTveluri enaTmecnierebis yvela ZiriTadi problema. amgvarad, avtoris

mizania diferenciaciis sawyisi periodis saerTo-qarTveluri tipis SeZ-

lebisdagvarad zusti rekonstruqcia. avtori ar eTanxmeba Tvalsazriss,

romlis Tanaxmad qarTveluri fuZe-ena arsebiTad gaigivebulia arqaul,

winaliteraturul qarTulTan, zanuri ena mis erT-erT dialeqtze daiy-

vaneba, xolo svanuri miCneulia narev enad. es Teoria, avtoris azriT,

emyareba varauds, rom qarTul-zanur kanonzomier fonetikur Tanafardo-

baSi, rogorc wesi, amosavalia qarTulis viTareba. avtori Tvlis, rom

Zvel (Tundac uZveles) qarTulsa da saerTo-qarTvelurs Soris tolo-

bis niSnis dasma ar SeiZleba. xSir SemTxvevaSi amosavali viTareba arc

26

qarTulSi Cans daculi da arc zanurSi. amitom saWiroa istoriul-Seda-

rebiTi procedurebis mkacri gamoyenebiT saerTo arqetipis rekonstruq-

cia da ara qarTul-zanur-svanuri movlenebis erTimeoreze dayvana. av-

tors miaCnia, rom am etapze mTis kavkasiuri enebis monacemebis gamoyeneba

aucilebeli ar aris da zogjer sazianoc ki SeiZleba iyos (avtori ar

gamoricxavs tipologiur Sedarebas da substratis Ziebas) (gv. 8). monog-

rafia miznad isaxavs warmoadginos qarTvelur enaTa zmnis sistema isto-

riul-SedarebiT aspeqtSi. SromaSi mocemulia cda qarTvelur enaTa zmnis

saerTo amosavali sistemis rekonstruqciisa im saxiT, rogorc is unda

arsebuliyo qarTveluri enobrivi erTianobis bolo periodSi. avtori ga-

nixilavs qarTveluri zmnis yvela kategorias da bolo TavSi warmogvid-

gens dro-kiloTa sistemisa da uRvlilebis tipebs. avtors bevri axali,

originaluri azri aqvs gamoTqmuli rigi zmnuri afiqsis genezisis Sesa-

xeb. Ddasmulia sakiTxi maqcevrebisa da iribi obieqtis zmnaSi gamoxatvis

urTierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb. calke TavSia ganxiluli e.w. fuZedrekadi

zmnebi qarTvelur enebSi.

26. svanuri meSxe (`Savi~) sityvis etimologiisTvis, 1959 w., Tsu

samecniero sesia, Tezisebi (ix. anotacia 39).

27. sibilantur spirantTa da afrikatTa sami rigis Sesaxeb qarTve-

lur enebSi, 1959 w., moxseneba wakiTxulia saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa aka-

demiis enaTmecnierebis institutis saubrebze, gamouqveynebeli xelnaweri

(ix. anotacia 30).

28. brunebis erTi tipis genezisisTvis svanurSi, 1960 w., Tsu Srome-

bi, t. 93, gv. 93-104.

ganxilulia svanuri brunebis originaluri tipi, romelic specialur

literaturaSi brunebis adiRuri tipis, anu man-iani brunebis saxelwo-debiT aris cnobili. avtoris varaudiT, svanuris -m formanti ukavSirde-

ba qarTul moTxrobiTis -man (→ ax. qarT. -ma||-m) sufiqss, rogorc amas fiqrobda jer kidev h. Suxardti. magram svanuris -m da qarTuli -man formantebi erTmaneTs ukavSirdeba ara rogorc brunvis niSnebi, aramed

rogorc erTi da imave nacvalsaxelovani fuZidan momdinare elementebi,

svanuris man-iani bruneba Zv. qarTulis tipis gansazRvruli brunebidan unda momdinareobdes. gansazRvruli postpoziciuri nawevari Seerwya

saxelis fuZes, xolo saxelma dakarga sakuTari brunvis niSnebi.

29. qarTul-afxazuri leqsikuri urTierTobani, 1960 w., saqarTvelos

mecnierebaTa akademiis enaTmecnierebis instituti, xelnaweri, 31 gverdi.

27

mecnierebi miuTiTebdnen afxazur-adiRuri substratis arsebobaze da-

savlur-qarTvelur enebSi _ zanursa da svanurSi (arn. Ciqobava). wamoye-

nebulia agreTve hipoTeza, romlis Tanaxmadac sibilantur spirantTa da

afrikatTa amosavali sistema daculia qarTulSi. zanuri (da amdenad ag-

reTve svanuri) SiSina variantebi istoriulad meoreulia, qarTulSi uc-

vlelad Semonaxuli sisina variantebis transformaciis, kerZod, artiku-

laciis ukan gadawevis Sedegia. gamoTqmulia agreTve varaudi am procesSi

gareSe enobrivi gavlenis SesaZlo monawileobis Sesaxeb (arn. Ciqobava).

avtoris azriT, sakontrolo masalad am hipoTezis Sesamowmeblad gamod-

geba afxazurSi Sesuli sisina Tanxmovnebis Semcveli qarTuli sityvebi.

qarTulidan (da aramarto qarTulidan) nasesxeb, magram ukve tradiciul

(asimilirebul) sityvebSi afxazuri sisina spirantebs cvlis Sesabamisi

SiSina spirantebiT mxolod gansazRvrul, kombinatorul pirobebSi: sisi-

na spirantebi momdevno U elementTan Serwymis Sedegad qmnian sisina la-bializebul fonemebs, romlebic regularulad icvlebian SiSina labia-

lizebuli fonemebiT. yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi sisina spirantebi amave ri-

gis masalaSi warmodgenilia afxazuri sisina spirantebiT. sisina afrika-

tebis gaSiSineba afxazurSi qarTuli (da zanuri) warmoSobis leqsikur

erTeulebSi saerTod ar dasturdeba. avtori askvnis, rom ar moipoveba

pozitiuri monacemebi, romelTa safuZvelzedac SegveZlo gvemtkicebina

afxazuri substratis monawileoba zanur-svanuri „gaSiSinebis“ procesSi.

avtori sxvagvarad wyvets saerTo-qarTveluris amosaval sibilantTa sa-

kiTxsac (ix. anotacia 30).

30. О трех рядах сибилянтых спирантов и аффрикат в картвельских языках, 1960, XXV Международный конгресс востоковедов, М., 11 gv. (ing-lisurad: Three series of sibilant spirants and affricates in Kartvelian languages, 1960, 12 gverdi).

specialur literaturaSi mocemul sibilantur spirantTa da afri-

katTa Sesatyvisobis klasikuri sqema aZlevda zogierT mkvlevars sababs,

ganexila qarTuli enis viTareba, rogorc amosavali sxva qarTveluri ene-

bisaTvis. zanursa da svanurSi SiSina rigis gaCena qarTul sisina rigTan

ganixileboda, rogorc artikulaciuri gadawevis Sedegi zanur-svanur

arealSi. magram klasikuri sqema ar moicavs yvela arsebul faqts. bevr

SemTxvevaSi qarTul sisina konsonants zanursa da svanurSi Seesatyviseba

ara SiSina, aramed sisina spiranti da afrikati.

qarT. sisina : zan. svan. sisina, avtoris azriT, warmoadgens kanonzomie-

ri fonetikuri Sesatyvisobis damoukidebel sisitemas, gansxvavebuls wi-

naT dadgenili sxva ori sistemisagan. Sesatyvisobis sami sxvadasxva for-

28

mula avaraudebinebs avtors sibilanturi spirantebisa da afrikatebis

sami fonologiuri rigis arsebobas qarTvelur dialeqtTa amosaval sis-

temaSi. aRdgenilia sibilantur spirantTa da afrikatTa Semdegi hipoTe-

turi sistema:

I. wina rigi (sisina): *z, *s, *Z, *c, *w (formula: qarT. sisina, zan.-svan.

sisina). II. Sua rigi (sisin-SiSina): *z1, *s1, *Z1, *c1, *w1 (formula: qarT.

sisina, zan.-svan. SiSina).

III. ukana rigi (SiSina): (*J), *S, *j, *C, *W, (formula: qarT. SiSina, zan. svan. Sq-tipis kompleqsebi).

qarTulSi Sua rigi daemTxva wina rigs. zanur-svanurSi igive Sua rigi

daemTxva ukana rigs. magram aq pirveladi fonologiuri sxvaoba ukvalod

ar dakargula: pirveladi SiSinebi ganviTardnen kompleqsebad, xolo meo-

reuli SiSinebi (saSualo rigis gadaweviT miRebuli) ar Secvlilan.

31. svanuri `muJRUer~ („Semodgoma“) sityvis etimologiisaTvis, 1960 w., gamouqveynebeli xelnaweri, 7 gv. wakiTxulia moxsenebad saqarTvelos

mecnierebaTa akademiis enaTmecnierebis institutis saubrebze.

miuxedavad uSualo Sesatyvisobis ararsebobisa, svanuri muJRUer|| muJRor, avtoris azriT, qarTveluri warmoSobis sityva Cans. amosavlad miCneulia laSx. muJRor ← *muJRUar. rekonstruirebuli forma *muJ-RUar unda iyos mimReoba m- _ -ar tipisa, romelic dRes aRar gvxvdeba sva-nurSi, magram produqtiulia qarTulSi: m-kud-ar-i... m-s momdevno u svanu-rSi miRebulia saerTo wesisamebr G-sagan. *mu-JRU-ar ← *mG -JRu-ar-. es G- ganviTarebuli unda iyos sityvis TavSi ori Tanxmovnis Tavmoyris gamo. e.i. *mG-JRU-ar ← *m-JRU-ar. JRU- fuZe aris JeRU-||JoRU- fuZis uxmovno varianti. svan. JeRU (←*jeRU ) qarT. ZeRu- (Sdr. Zv. qarT. war-u-ZeRu, xevs. ga-u-ZveR). svan *m-JRU-ar- ← m-jRU-ar. qarT. *m-ZRu-ar. (Sdr. wina-m-ZRu-ar) amave wyarodan (w. qarT. *m-ZRU-ar-) unda momdinareobdes megr. n-jRver-i. amgvarad svan. muJRor ← *m-JRU-ar etimologiurad = winamZ-Rvars, winamZRols, e.i. dros, romelic zamTars uZRvis. semantikurad qarT. „Semodgoma“ arsebiTad igivea. avtors mohyavs semantikuri parale-

lebi sxva enidanac.

32. Г. А. Климов, Система склонения в картвельских языках в срав-нительно-историческом аспекте, 1960 w., recenzia rusul enaze, gamou-qveynebeli xelnaweri, 12 gverdi.

33. xmovanTa sistemis daxasiaTebisaTvis svanurSi (balszemouri dialeq-

tis mixedviT), 1961 w., Tsu samecniero sesia, Tezisebi (ix. anotacia 43).

29

34. vnebiTis sufiqsuri tipis genezisisaTvis qarTvelur enebSi, 1962 w.,

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis enaTmecnierebis instituti, gamouqvey-

nebeli xelnaweri, 45 gv. Tezisebi 3 gv. rusuli reziume 2 gv.

vnebiTis sufiqsuri warmoeba qarTvelur enaTagan pirvel rigSi qar-

TulisaTvis aris niSandoblivi. zanurSi vnebiTis am tipis wili Sedare-

biT umniSvneloa. svanuri sufiqsian vnebiTs saerTod ar icnobs. avtoris

azriT, vnebiTis sufiqsuri tipis Camoyalibeba daiwyo im epoqaSi, rode-

sac qarTul-zanuri erTianoba jer kidev ganagrZobda arsebobas, xolo

svanuri ukve damoukidebel enad viTardeboda. qarTul-zanuri enobrivi

erTianobis darRvevis Semdeg vnebiTis sufiqsurma warmoebam farTod gai-

kafa gza qarTulSi da regularuli, masTan uaRresad produqtiuli sis-

temis saxiT Camoyalibda. zanuri SerCa ganviTarebis ufro adrindel sa-

fexurs. am TvalsazrisiT zanuri SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc gardamavali

zona qarTulsa da svanurs Soris. vnebiTis mawarmoebeli sufiqsebi -en-, *-ed- warmoSobiT saerTo-qarTveluri morfologiuri struqturis eleme-ntebia. am doneze maT „madinamikurebeli“ afiqsebis roli ekisrebaT. isini statikuri Sinaarsis zmnaTagan maTi „gadinamikurebis“ gziT aorists awa-

rmoeben. ufro gvian am wesiT nawarmoebi aoristis bazaze qarTulsa da

zanurSi Camoyalibda dinamikur-gardauvali Sinaarsis awmyo da dro-kilo-

Ta pirveli seriis sxva nakvTebi. es axali paradigma daupirispirda kau-

zatiuri warmoSobis paradigmas rogorc vnebiTi _ moqmedebiTs.

35. aoristis -ii da -ee sufiqsiani tipis genezisisTvis megrulSi, 1961 w., Tezisebi qarTulad da rusulad.

lazurSi dRes aoristis erTaderTi tipi dasturdeba _ -i sufiqsiani warmoeba, romelic geneturad ukavSirdeba saerTo-qarTvelur nulovan

aorists: lazuri mo-xT-i svan. an-ჴed „moxvedi“, Zv. qarT. garda-h-ჴed (Sdr. ax. qarT. ga-xd-i, dialeqt. ga-xT-i). megrulSi lazurTan saerTo -i sufiqsiani tipis gverdiT warmodgenilia -ii da -ee sufiqsiani war-

moebac: f-Txii „vTxove“, do-p-Wyee „davwyevle“. saerTo qarTveluri -*e sufiqsiani aoristis Sesatyvisi modeli megrul-lazurSi ar dasturdeba.

aoristis -ii daboloeba megrulSi miRebulia -*ovi jgufisagan: f-Txii < *f-Txei < *f-Txovi. -ov elementi fuZis kuTvnilebaa, -i warmoadgens aoristis saerTo-zanur sufiqss. -ee daboloeba miRebulia -*avi jgufi-sagan: do-Wyee < *do-Wyai < *do-Wyavi „daswyevle“. -av elementi fu-Zis kuTvnilebaa, -i aoristis saerTo-zanuri sufiqsi. amgvarad, aoristis warmoebis yvela tipi megrulSi istoriulad saerTo-zanur -i sufiqsian

modelze daiyvaneba.

30

36. sinqroniuli da diaqroniuli enaTmecnierebis urTierTobis sa-

kiTxi, 1961 w., gamouqveynebeli xelnaweri, 18 gverdi, debulebebi ufro

gaSlilad warmodgenilia anotacia (62)-Si.

37. V. Polàk, Contributions à la grammaire historique des langues Kartvé-liennes, 1961 w., recenzia qarTul enaze, qarTvelur enaTa struqturis sakiTxebi, II t. gv. 253-261.

recenzenti dadebiTad afasebs polakis naSroms meTodis simkacris,

daskvnebis logikurobis da daskvnebis siaxlis gamo, magram ar eTanxmeba

avtoris mier sibilantur spirantTa da afrikatTa meoTxe rigis aRdgenas

qarTvelur dialeqtTa amosaval fonologiur sistemaSi. is masala, ro-

melsac polaki meoTxe rigis aRdgenisas eyrdnoba, recenzentis azriT, na-

wilobriv nasesxebia, zog SemTxvevaSi ki eWvs aRZravs avtoriseuli eti-

mologiuri dakavSirebani. recenzentis azriT, sakmao safuZveli ara aqvs

arc ori /r/-sa da ori /l/-s aRdgenas. Sesabamisi Sesatyvisobebis arsebo-ba qarTulsa da zanurs Soris dRes ukve axsnilia, rogorc kombinatoru-

li cvlilebebis Sedegi (g. rogava, g. klimovi).

38. umlautis problema zanurSi, 1962 w., Tsu filologiis fakul-

tetis VI samecniero sesia, Tezisebi.

umlauti cocxali fonetikuri movlena iyo zanur dialeqtTa erTia-

nobis epoqaSi. umlauts iwvevda i (SesaZloa, agreTve e) xmovani. umla-uts ganicdidnen a da o xmovnebi. u xmovnis umlautis udavo magaliTebi ar iZebneba. es garemoeba SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos: rogorc cnobilia,

svanurSi u xmovani yvelaze naklebad eqvemdebareba palatalizaciis ten-dencias. avtoris azriT, SesatyvisobaTa ZiriTadi formulebis gverdiT

sxvagvari Sefardebebis (qarT. a : zan. e; qarT. e : zan. e; qarT. o : zan. e) arseboba diaqroniulad umlautis gavleniT aixsneba.

39. svanuri meSxe (`Savi~) sityvis etimologiisaTvis, ike, t. XIII, 1962б gv. 229-235.

svanuri meSxe ganxilulia, rogorc warsuli drois `mediopasiuri~ mimReoba zmnisa *Sex-en-i (`iwvis~) (Sdr. tex-n-i || tex-en-i `brundeba~, me-tx-e ||me-tex-e `dabrunebuli~ da sxv.). semantikurad m e S x e _ `damw-vari~, `Savi~. am varauds mxars uWers sxva qarTveluri enebis monaceme-

bic. svanur moablauto zmnebs qarTulsa da zanurSi Seesatyviseba e.w.

nulovani (resp. Zireuli) vnebiTebi. am tips ganekuTvneba qarT. da-cx-a (Sdr. Zv. qarT. gan-tf-a, gan-v-tef). qarT. *cex (zan. Cx)-s zustad Se-esatyviseba svanurSi *Sex- (← *Cex). am saerTo-qarTveluri zmnis pirve-ladi mniSvneloba Senaxulia svanurSi (Sdr. A-Sx-i `wvavs~, i-Sx-i `iw-

31

vis~). qarTvelur enebSi, rogorc Cans, dakargulia cecxlis pirveladi

saxeli. avtori varaudobs, rom zmnaSi wu-av-s (zan. W-un-s, svan. A-W-eY) Senaxulia saxeluri Ziri, romelic Tavdapirvelad `cecxls~ aRniSnavda.

amgvari daSveba SesaZleblobas mogvcemda, es Ziri dagvekavSirebina Sesa-

bamis kavkasiur ZirTan.

40. qarTvelur enaTa SedarebiTi gramatika, 1962 w., Tsu, programa, 6

gverdi.

41. TanxmovanTa Sesatyvisobis zogi sakiTxi qarTvelur enebSi, 1962 w.,

Tsu kavkasiur enaTa kaTedra, gamouqveynebeli xelnaweri, 24 gverdi.

naSromSi ganxilulia qarTul-zanur-svanuri Sesatyvisobebi Tanxmo-

vanTa winavelarul rigSi. qarTulisa da zanuris erTi rigis Sesatyvisad

svanurSi refleqsebis ori rigis (winavelarulisa da SiSinasi) arseboba

avtoris mier interpretirebulia rogorc kombinatoruli cvlilebebis

Sedegi (palataluri xmovnebis win winavelaruli Tanxmovnebis palatali-

zacia da asimilacia). am SesatyvisobaTa CamoyalibebaSi garkveuli roli

Seasrula analogiiT formaTa gasworebam, rac ganxorcielda svanuri enis

istoriis garkveul periodSi. naSromSi mocemulia ramdenime svanuri

sityvis istoriac. dadgenilia SesatyvisobaTa sami ZiriTadi formula:

1. qarT. g : zan. g : svan. g//j 2. qarT. q : zan. q : svan. q//C 3. qarT. k : zan. k : svan. k//W

SesatyvisobaTa sami sistema avaraudebinebs avtors winadorsaluri

rigis sam fonemas saerTo qarTvelurSi: mJReri /*g/, yru /*q/ da mkveTri /*k/. erTaderTi magaliTia: qarT. 0 : zan. 0 : svan. g. es Sesatyvisoba SeiZ-leba asaxavdes winadorsalur spirants, maSin dapirispireba Riaobis mixe-

dviT (xSuli-napralovani) relevanturi unda yofiliyo am rigSi.

42. zogi aqcesiuri kompleqsis evolucia qarTulSi, 1962 w., saqar-

Tvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis enaTmecnierebis instituti, gamouqveynebe-

li xelnaweri, 16 gverdi.

avtori ganixilavs harmoniul kompleqsTa distribuciis modelebs

axal qarTulSi. magram naSromis ZiriTadi amocanaa gairkves, Tu ra diaq-

roniuli xasiaTis daskvnebi SeiZleba gakeTdes Tanamedrove qarTul sali-

teraturo enaSi dadasturebul distribuciul wesebze dayrdnobiT. Tana-

medrove qarTulis TvalsazrisiT anomaliuri aqcesiuri jgufi /cT/ Zv. qarT. dasturdeba erTaderT morfemaSi /Se/-s-cT-a. misi arseboba Zvel qarTulSi Sepirobebulia morfofonematuri monacvleobiT: /Se/-v-s-ceT,

32

/Se/-s-ceT, /Se/-s-cT-a/. am monacvleobis moSlis Semdeg /cT/ jgufi aRm. qarT. dialeqtebsa da salit. enaSi icvleba normaluri /cd/ jgufiT. av-

toris azriT, amasTan dakavSirebiT gadasinjvas moiTxovs specialur li-

teraturaSi (v. Tofuria, fr. Nnaiseri) gamoTqmuli mosazreba Zv. qarT.

(ceT-) cT- fuZisa da cad-//cd- fuZis geneturi kavSiris Sesaxeb. anomaliuri aqcesiuri jgufi /tf/ Zvel qarTulSi dasturdeba erT

morfemaSi: gan-tf-a, tf-il-i... misi arseboba agreTve Sepirobebulia morfofonematuri monacvleobiT: gan-v-tef... gan-tf-a, tf-il-i. misi moSlis Semdeg /tf/ jgufi icvleba homogenuri /Tf/ jgufiT. magram aR-

mosavlur-qarTuli dialeqtebisa da salit. enis TvalsazrisiT es jgu-

fic anomaliuria da Tavis mxriv adgils uTmobs normalur /Tb/ jgufs.

amasTan dakavSirebiT avtors sxvagvarad esaxeba zanuri tub-//tib- da svan. teb- fuZis istoria. avtori varaudobs, rom zanursa da svanurSi am formebSi dRes warmodgenili srulxmovnoba istoriulad meoreulia

da Sesabamisi arasrulxmovani formebidan momdinareobs: zan. tub-//tib- < *tb- < *tf; svan. teb-ed < *tb-ed- < tf-ed-. aqcesiuri /tf/ jgufi iseve anomaliuri iyo aRniSnuli qarTveluri dialeqtebisaTvis, rogorc

qarTulisaTvis. /tf/ jgufi am dialeqtebSi bunebrivi /tb/ jgufiT Seic-

vala. ufro gvian am enebSi Tavi iCina aqcesiur kompleqsTa superaciis

Zlierma tendenciam, rasac Sedegad mohyva aqcesiur jgufTa gaTiSva xmov-

niT. zanurSi es iyo u an i (dialeqtebis mixedviT), svanurSi e (sufiq-

siseuli xmovnis gavleniT). warmodgenili mosazreba, avtoris azriT,

dRis wesrigSi ayenebs e.w. `srulxmovnobis~ Teoriis sistemur kritikul

ganxilvas.

43. xmovanTa sistemis daxasiaTebisaTvis svanurSi (balszemouri dia-

leqtis mixedviT), Tsu Sromebi, t. 96, 1963, gv. 139-150.

svanuris mokle xmovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia sami relevanturi niSa-

ni: 1) palataluroba – arapalataluroba (A, L, P, i – a, o, u, G); 2) Ri-aobis xarisxi: Ria _ a, A, o, L – daxuruli _ G, i, u, P; 3) labialu-roba – aralabialuroba: labialuri _ o, L, u, P – aralabialuri _ a, A, G, i. xmovani e dgas aRniSnuli dapirispirebebis gareT. igi xasiaTdeba labialobis arqoniT da Riaobis saSualo (A da i-s Soris) xarisxiT, xo-lo palatalobis niSani misTvis ararelevanturia. morfologiis Tvalsa-

zrisiT yvelaze Rirebulia palataluroba, rac ablautSi vlindeba. pala-

taluri xmovnebi istoriulad umlautis Sedegs warmoadgenen (a. SaniZe).

avtori varaudobs, rom G xmovnis palataluri umlauti iZleva i-s.

33

44. zmnuri fuZeebis sufiqsaciis sakiTxebi qarTvelur enebSi, 1963 w.,

Tsu kavkasiur enaTa kaTedra, gamouqveynebeli xelnaweri, 26 gverdi.

SromaSi ganxilulia vnebiTi gvaris sufiqsuri *-ed//-en morfemis is-

toriuli urTierTobis sakiTxi e.w. fuZedrekad zmnaTa da `uniSno vnebi-

Tis~ fuZis sawarmoebel -ed sufiqsTan. gamoTqmulia mosazreba am sufiq-

sTa geneturi igiveobis Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli sufiqsis uZveles funqciad

navaraudevia misi unari statikuri Sinaarsis zmnis dinamikuri Sinaarsis

zmnad gadaqcevisa.

45. brunebis zogierTi sakiTxi svanurSi, 1963 w., saqarTvelos mecni-

erebaTa akademiis enaTmecnierebis instituti, gamouqveynebeli xelnaweri,

33 gverdi.

svanuri enis brunebis tipebs Soris gamoyofen e.w. `narian~ brunebas,

romelsac reliqturi xasiaTis warmoebad miiCneven (T. SaraZeniZe). -n

fleqsia Tanamedrove svanurSi, avtoris azriT, ar asrulebs micemiTi

brunvis daboloebis funqcias, rogorc es miRebulia specialur litera-

turaSi. Tavisi funqciiT -n fleqsia viTarebiTi brunvis -d fleqsias

uaxlovdeba, Tumca sinqroniuli TvalsazrisiT ar xerxdeba am ori mor-

fis erT morfemaSi gaerTianeba. -n morfemis warmodgenil brunvas, gans-

xvavebiT -d brunvisagan, pirobiTad II viTarebiTi SeiZleba vuwodoT. `na-

riani~ bruneba, avtoris azriT, ar gamoiyofa rogorc brunebis damouki-

debeli tipi. -n morfemiT warmodgenili brunva Sedis e.w. `saniani~ da

`maniani~ brunebis paradigmebSi rogorc maTi erT-erTi wevri. diaqroni-

uli TvalsazrisiT -n da -d formantebi unda ganvixiloT rogorc mor-

fologiurad Sepirobebuli alomorfebi erTi da imave morfemisa, rome-

lic gamoxatavda adverbialur (farTo gagebiT) da ergatiul Sinaarss.

46. saerTo-qarTveluri fuZe enis tipologiuri daxasiaTebisTvis,

1964 w., Tsu filologiis fakultetis VIII sesia, Tezisebi (ix. anotacia 47).

47. К вопросу об индоевропейско-картвельских (южнокавказских) типологических параллелях, VII Международный конгресс антропологи-ческих и этнографических наук, Август 1964 г., Наука, Москва, 6 gverdi. (inglisurad: On the problem of Indo-Evropean-Kartvelian (South-Caucasian) typological parallels, 6 gverdi).

SedarebiTi qarTvelologiis Tanamedrove done SesaZlebels xdis, hi-

poTeturad aRvadginoT saerTo-qarTveluri fuZe-enis struqturuli mo-

deli da leqsikis bevri elementi qarTvelur enebad saerTo-qarTveluris

daSlis uSualod wina safexurze. avtori eyrdnoba Tamaz gamyreliZesTan

34

da misgan damoukideblad Catarebul kvlevas, agreTve klimovisa da Smid-

tis analogiuri problematikis Semcvel naSromebs. rekonstruirebulia:

1. saerTo-qarTveluris fonologiuri sistema: xmovnebi, sonantebi,

Tanxmovnebi. dadgenilia fonemaTa distribuciuli modelebi;

2. saerTo-qarTveluri morfemebis morfofonologiuri struqtura.

afiqsebis kanonikuri formebi da morfofonologiuri monacvleobani;

3. ZiriTadi sintaqsuri kostruqciebi.

saerTo-qarTveluri fuZe-enis analizi avlens tipologiurad gansxva-

vebul or struqturul paralels: a) saerTo-qarTveluris modelis zo-

gi Tviseba emTxveva indoevropuli fuZe-enis rekonstruirebuli modelis

Taviseburebebs (vokalizmi, sonantTa sistema, ablautis tipebi, morfemaTa

kanonikuri formebi da sxva), b) meore mxriv, Tavs iCens mravalmxrivi da

Rrma struqturul-tipologiuri paralelebi saerTo-qarTvelur rekon-

struirebul modelsa da mTis kavkasiuri enebis struqturul Tavisebu-

rebebs Soris. gansakuTrebiT es exeba naxursa da afxazur-adiRur enebs

(konsonantizmi, prefiqsacia, zmnis polipersonalizmi, brunebis Tavisebu-

rebebi, ergatiuli konstruqcia). avtoris azriT, am rTuli movlenis sa-

boloo axsna kvlevis Tanamedrove etapze naadrevi iqneboda. amJamad SeiZ-

leba mxolod samuSao hipoTezis wamoyeneba. am hipoTezis dasabuTeba mo-

iTxovs, garda lingvisturisa, istoriul, arqeologiur, eTnografiulsa

da eTnolingvistur kompleqsur kvleva-Ziebas. avtoris azriT, struqtu-

rul-tipologiuri maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic saerToa qarTveluri da

mTis kavkasiuri enebisaTvis, qronologiurad uswreben indoevropulTan

saerTo tipologiur Taviseburebebs (avtors mohyavs rigi relatiur-di-

aqroniuli sabuTebi). es Tu asea, SeiZleba davuSvaT, rom arqauli kavka-

siur-tipologiuri fena saerTo-qarTveluris doneze SeiZleba miviCnioT

iberiul-kavkasiuri enebis savaraudo naTesaobis gamovlinebad. rac Seexeba

ufro gviandel „indoevropuli“ tipis struqturul modelebs, SeiZleba

garkveuli albaTobiT davuSvaT, rom isini saerTo-qarTvelurSi gaCndnen

im xangrZlivi da mWidro kontaqtebis Sedegad, romlebic unda yofiliyo

qarTvelur tomebsa da uZveles indoevr. dialeqtebze molaparake tomebs

Soris hipoTeturad savaraudo „enaTa kavSiris“ farglebSi. avtoris az-

riT, aseT daSvebas mxars uWers araerTi enaTmecnierisa da istorikosis

Teoria, romlis mixedviT indoevropuli tomebis SemoWra wina aziaSi xo-

rcieldeboda kavkasiis gavliT (Sdr. v. zomeri, v. ivanovi, T. gamyreliZe

da sxv.).

48. lateralur TanxmovanTa sistemis evoluciis zogierTi sakiTxi

naxuri jgufis enebSi, ike, XIV, 1964, gv. 261-270.

35

naxuri jgufis enebidan mxolod bacburSia Semonaxuli yru Cqamieri

laterali, romelic fonetikurad emsgavseba xunZur sust (arageminire-

bul) lateralur spirant l‘-s, romelic sinqroniulad daxasiaTebulia rogorc mJReri lateraluri narnara l-s yru korelati (n. trubeckoi). es fonema bacburSi gvxvdeba mxolod sityvis SuaSi da auslautSi. miRe-

bulia, rom bacburi /l‘/ asaxavs saerTo-naxur /*l‘/-s, romelic anlautSi daemTxva /l‘/-s. CaCnur-inguSurSi saerTo-naxuri /*l‘/ warmodgenilia h//0 r-s Semdeg, da /l/-s saxiT sxva poziciebSi. erTi mxriv, tipologiuri mo-sazrebebi (sonorebs n, m, r bacburSi ar axasiaTebT korelacia mJReri--

yru), xolo, meore mxriv, l‘-s fonetikuri buneba avaraudebinebs avtors, rom bacburi /l‘/ aris naSTi daRestnuri tipis Cqamier lateralur Tan-xmovanTa sistemisa, romelic axasiaTebda saerTo-naxurs. SeiZleba vivara-

udoT, rom Sesatyvisoba bacb. Tx.. : CaCn.-inguS. lx (auslautSi da inter-vokalur poziciaSi) asaxavs saerTo-naxur Cqamier lateralur fonemas, gansxvavebuls saerTo-naxuri /*l‘/-sgan. rekonstruirebuli saerTo-naxuri fonema SeiZleba daxasiaTdes, rogorc xunZuri l‘-s tipis lateraluri afrikati /*l‘/.

saerTo-naxuri /*l‘/ Seesatyviseba xunZur-andiuri jgufis ramdenime lateralur Tanxmovans. es garemoeba uWers mxars saerTo-naxuris doneze

Cqamier-lateraluri Tanxmovnebis ufro sruli sistemis aRdgenas. bac-

burSi /*l‘/ Seicvala /Tx/ kompleqsiT. CaCnur-inguSurSi /*l‘/>/Tx/ ausla-utSi da /lx/ sxva poziciebSi. analogiuri refleqsebi (lh, t da sxva) warmodgenilia agreTve zogierT xunZur-andiuri jgufis enebsa da dia-

leqtebSi.

49. Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteraturo enis konsananturi sistema,

1964 w., Tsu zogadi enaTmecnierebis kaTedra, gamouqveynebeli xelnaweri,

87 gverdi (avtoris saboloo Tvalsazrisi am sakiTxze ix. anotacia 60).

50. K. H. Schmidt, Studien zur Rekonstruktion des Lautstandes der süd-kaukasischen Grundsprache, Wiesbaden 1962; recenzia qarTul enaze, Tsu samecniero-bibliografiuli krebuli 2-3, 1964, gv. 76-82.

51. Основные направления структурализма, Наука, Москва 1964; rece-nzia rusul enaze, JurnalSi: Вопросы языкознания, N 6, 1965, gv. 133-137.

SesavalSi recenzenti zogadad axasiaTebs Tanamedrove enaTmecnierebis

mdgomareobas. misi azriT, e.w. „krizisze“ Tanamedrove lingvistikaSi Se-

iZleba vilaparakoT mxolod im mxriv, rom Cveni mecniereba amJamad ganic-

dis swraf zrdas, `RirebulebaTa gadafasebas“, „paradoqsul situaciebs“,

36

romlis mTavari moqmedi gmiria struqturuli lingvistika. pirvel yov-

lisa, swored aq yvelaze mZafrad iCines Tavi enaTmecnierebisTvis ZvelTa-

ganve damaxasiaTebelma tendenciebma: „TviTSemecnebisadmi“ miswrafebam, ena-

Tmecnierebis amosavali postulatebisa da principebis garkvevam, lingvis-

tikis TviTmyofobis dafuZnebam, lingvistikis zust mecnierebad gadaqce-

vis survilma da am procesTan dakavSirebulma maTematizaciam da forma-

lizaciam. amitom stuqturuli lingvistika dgas Tanamedrove Teoriuli

enaTmecnierebis centrSi. avtori icavs enaTmecnierebis avtonomiurobisa

da erTianobis ideas. misi azriT, struqturuli lingvistika warmoadgens

enaTmecnierebis ganviTarebis axal, erTian da progresul etaps. stuqtu-

ralizmis sxvadasxva mimarTulebis ganxilvisas saWiroa pirvel rigSi sa-

erTo meTodologiuri safuZvlis gaxazva, romelsac efuZneba mTlianad

Tanamedrove sinqroniuli da diaqroniuli enaTmecniereba, xolo gansxva-

vebebi gamoCndeba am saerTo inventaris fonze, rac ufro adekvaturad ga-

moavlens maT relatiur Rirebulebas.

52. [Uე] da [Uი] segmentebis fonologiuri interpretaciisaTvis sva-nurSi balszemouri dialeqtis masalaze, Tsu filologiis fakultetis

IX samecniero sesia miZRvnili, ak. wereTlis dabadebis 125 wlisTavisadmi,

Tezisebi, 1965 w., gamouqveynebeli xelnaweri, 15 gverdi. [Ue] da [Ui] segmentebi svanurSi rTul distribuciul mimarTebebs av-

lens Sesabamisad [L] da [P] segmentebTan. avtori gamoyofs am mimarTebaTa TvalsazrisiT sam pozicias. xmovanTa paradigmatuli sistemis simetri-

ulobis principidan amosvliT avtori upiratesobas aZlevs [Ue] da [Ui] (resp.) [L] da [P] segmentebis monofonematur interpretacias. problemis amgvari gadawyveta SesaZleblobas aZlevs avtors, warmoadginos mor-

fofonematur monacvleobaTa unificirebuli aRwera saxelursa da zmnur

paradigmebSi. [Ue] da [Ui] (resp.) [L] da [P] segmentTa bifonematuri inter-pretacia mizanSewonilia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac aRniSnuli

bgeriTi monakveTebis qvesegmentebi sxvadasxva morfebSi nawildeba.

53. sonantTa sistema da ablauti qarTvelur enebSi (T. gamyreliZes-

Tan erTad), gamomcemloba „mecniereba“, Tbilisi 1965, 511 gverdi (anota-

cia ix. mimomxilveli 4-5, 1968).

54. saerTo-qarTveluri konsonanturi sistema, Tsu gamomcemloba, 1965,

Tbilisi, 134 gverdi (anotacia rusul da inglisur enebze ix. mimomxil-

veli 4-5, 1968).

55. Общекартвельская консонантная система, Краткое содержание монографии, представленной на соискание ученой степени доктора филологи-ческих наук, 1965 w., gamouqveynebeli xelnaweri, 31 gverdi.

37

56. kidev erTxel svanuri umlautis Sesaxeb (balszemouri dialeqtis

masalaze), 1965 w., saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis enaTmecnierebis

institutis saubrebze wakiTxuli moxseneba, gamouqveynebeli xelnaweri,

17 gverdi, rusuli reziume 8 gverdi.

svanuri umlautis wesebidan, romelic Camoayaliba a. SaniZem jer ki-

dev 1925 wels, avtoris yuradRebas iqcevs Semdegi ori: a) xmovani i ver iwvevs winamavali marcvlis o da u xmovnebis umlauts, Tu TviTon i mokvecili an amoRebuli ar aris xmovanTa sinkopirebis, an ablautur mo-

nacvleobaTa Semdeg; b) e xmovani ver iwvevs winamavali marcvlis a xmov-nis umlauts, Tu TviTon e mokvecili an amoRebuli ar aris xmovanTa si-nakopirebis, an ablauturi monacvleobis Sedegad. aq, avtoris azriT, saq-

me gvaqvs paradoqsTan (rogor SeiZleba moxdes asimilacia, rodesac maasi-

milirebeli bgera (resp. fonema) nuls udris), romelic ar aixsneba arc klasikuri fonetikis, arc klasikuri fonologiis safuZvelze. am movle-

nas avtori xsnis r. iakobsonis, m. halesa da g. fantis diferencialur

niSanTa Teoriis TvalsazrisiT. fonema SeiZleba gaqres sintagmatur rig-

Si, Sewyvitos arseboba rogorc distinqciur elementTa konam ise, rom

nuls gautoldes misi yvela komponenti, garda erTisa. amgvari SesaZleb-

lobis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi darCenili komponenti damoukidebel

segments ver Seqmnis. is unda Sevides romelsame mezobel fonemur kona-

Si, gaxdes sxva segmentis komponenti da Secvalos misi fonemuri Rirebu-

leba. avtoris azriT, swored aseT viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme svanuri um-

lautis SemTxvevaSi. maumlautebeli xmovnebi i da e ukvalod ki ar qre-bian, aramed gadascemen palatalur diferencialur elements winamaval

xmovans, rac iwvevs mis gapalatalebas. amitomaa, rom umlautis aucile-

beli pirobaa mapalatizebeli fonemis gaqroba sintagmaturi rigidan.

57. К типологической характеристике общекартвелского языка-осно-вы, Jurnali Вопросы языкознания, N 1, 1966, gv. 3-9 (ix. anotacia 47).

58. Рефлексы общекартвельского “а” в занском (мегрело-чанском) языке (g. klimovTan TanaavtorobiT), Studia Caucasica, N 2, The Hague 1966, gv. 19-25.

istoriul-SedarebiT qarTvelologiaSi dadgenilia Sesatyvisoba qarT.

a : zan. o. magram bevr SemTxvevaSi dasturdeba identuri Sesatyvisoba qarT. a : zan. a. distribuciul analizs avtorebi mihyavs daskvnamde, rom zanuri refleqsebi o da a aris saerTo-qarTveluri *a-s kombinatoruli variantebi. pirveli gvxvdeba nebismieri fuZis anlautsa da inlautSi da

atributuli mniSvnelobis mqone saxelebis absolutur auslautSi, xolo

38

refleqsi a gvxvdeba saxeluri fuZeebis auslautSi. Tu a>o yvela Sem-Txvevas zanurSi gavaerTianebT, rogorc amosavalSi intonaciurad Zlieri

poziciis mqones, maSin qarT. zan. a – identurobis SemTxvevebi gaerTian-deba *a-s amosavali susti ritmul-intonaciuri poziciiT. amrigad, avto-rebisaTvis aRniSnuli faqti sintaqsuri fonologiis sferos ganekuTvne-

ba. amgvari interpretacia gasagebs xdis bevr manamde auxsnel SemTxvevas

qarTul-zanuri Sesatyvisobebidan.

59. substratis sakiTxisaTvis dasavlur-qarTvelur (zanur-svanur)

enobriv arealSi, ike, XV, 1966, gv. 162-171 (ix. anotacia 29).

60. qarTuli enis konsonanturi sistemis fonologiuri interpreta-

cia paradigmatul aspeqtSi (saliteraturo enis masalaze), 1966 w., ga-

mouqveynebeli xelnaweri, 15 gverdi.

qarTuli enis Cqamier TanxmovanTa sistemis aRsawerad avtori iyenebs

or koordinats: lokalur rigs da serias. gamoyofs Svid lokalur rigs:

1) labialuri, 2) dentaluri, 3) winasibilanturi, 4) ukanasibilanturi,

5) velaruli, 6) postvelaruli, 7) laringaluri.

sam serias: 1) mJRerebi, 2) yruni, 3) mkveTrebi. sakuTriv xSulebis da

afrikatebis dapirispireba qarTulis fonologiuri sistemis Tvalsazri-

siT, avtoris azriT, ararelevanturia.

mkveTrebisaTvis ararelevanturia mJReroba-siyrue, is avtomaturad

Tan sdevs simkveTres. mJReroba-siyrue relevanturia aramkveTrebis dapi-

rispirebaSi, erTi maTgani mJReria, meore _ yru.

xSulobisa da napralovnobis dapirispireba damaxasiaTebelia mxolod

zogierTi lokaluri rigisaTvis; es rigebia: labialuri, winaalveolaru-

li, ukanaalveolaruli. dentaluri da velaruli fonemebi realizdebian

xSuli bgerebis saxiT, magram xSuloba maTTvis Warb niSans warmoadgens.

xSuloba irelevanturia mkveTrebisaTvis. /R/, /x/, /y/ – fonemebi avtors ga-erTianebuli aqvs erT postvelarul rigSi: mJReri – yru – mkveTris se-

riiT. am gadawyvetis sasargeblod metyvelebda agreTve distribuciuli

modelebi, romelTa mixedviTac /R/, /x/, /y/ avlenen paralelizms /g/, /q/, /k/-sTan. qarTul Cqamier TanxmovanTa mTel simravles avtori yofs korelaci-

ur konebad lokaluri rigebis mixedviT. fonologiuri korelaciebis Tva-

lsazrisiT tradiciuli qarTuli xSulTa sameulebi da spirantTa wyvile-

ulebi erTiandeba xuTeulebad, xolo oTxeulebi, sameulebi, wyvileulebi

da caleulebi ganixileba rogorc nakluli (defeqturi) xuTeulebi.

61. harmoniul kompleqsTa ganawilebis zogierTi sakiTxi, 1966 w., sa-

qarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis enaTmecnierebis institutis saubrebze

wakiTxuli moxseneba, gamouqveynebeli xelnaweri, 11 gverdi.

39

harmoniul kompleqss avtori gansazRvravs rogorc ori wevrisagan

Semdgar TanxmovanTa jgufs, romelic SeiZleba davadasturoT cali Cqami-

eri TanxmovnisaTvis dasaSveb yvela garemocvaSi. avtors am TvalsazrisiT

gaanalizebuli aqvs yvela SesaZlo pozicia saTanado magaliTebis damow-

mebiT. specialurad ganxilulia CVC tipis Zireul morfemaTa morfono-logiuri struqtura qarTulSi (daxurul marcvliani tipi): CamoTvli-

lia ZiriTadi kanonikuri formebi. avtoris varaudiT, arsebobs garkveuli

ekvivalentoba CVC tipsa da harmoniul kompleqsTa Semcvel modelebs Soris. avtori ayalibebs am ekvivalentobis wesebs: a) CVC modelSi har-moniuli kompleqsi SeiZleba erTdroulad Caenacvlos mxolod erT-erT

С-s, an xmovnis winas, an ukanas (msgavsi wesi Camoyalibebuli hqonda s. JRents); b) orsave C-s poziciaSi SeiZleba gameordes harmoniuli kom-pleqsis mxolod pirveli wevri, aseT SemTxvevaSi TviT harmoniuli kom-

pleqsi xmovnis Semdeg poziciaSia.

62. sinqronia da dinamika, 1967 w., gamouqveynebeli xelnaweri, 15 gverdi.

praRis skolam ver SeZlo gadaelaxa tradiciuli warmodgena dinami-

kisa da diaqroniis igiveobis Sesaxeb. amitom debulebidan, rom sinqronia

garda statikisa Seicavs dinamikis elementebsac, deducirebul iqna meore

debuleba, rom sinqronia Seicavs diaqroniis elementebsac: sinqronia ar

arsebobs wminda saxiT. avtoris azriT, „diaqroniuli sinqronia“ Seicavs

contradictio in adjecto, sinqroniuli ganxilva damoukidebelia diaqroniuli-sagan da logikurad win uswrebs mas. magram es ar niSnavs imas, rom sin-

qroniisa da diaqroniis dapirispirebas absoluturi mniSvneloba unda mi-

vaniWoT. avtori midis im daskvnamde, rom sinqronia da diaqronia erTi da

imave movlenis or mxares warmoadgenen, magram meTodurad sinqroniuli

ganxilva ar unda Seicavdes diaqroniis elementebs. sinqroniaSi avtori

mijnavs ara sinqroniulsa da diaqroniuls, aramed statikursa da dinami-

kurs. amisaTvis igi cdilobs, daadginos gansxvaveba diaqroniisa da dina-

mikis cnebebs Soris. diaqroniis ZiriTadi cnebaa cvlileba. enobriv cvli-

lebasTan saqme gvaqvs yovelTvis, rodesac: a) procesi mimdinareobs „e-

mur“ da ara mxolod „etur“ doneze; b) procesi araukuSeqcevadia. magram

Tu proce