IV Seminar on Energy Efficiency in Latin America and the Caribbean

Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) to promote the transition

Energy efficiency and Conservation

Figure 1.14

Standards

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Energy-efficiency standards are procedures and regulations that prescribe the energy performance of manufactured products, sometimes prohibiting the sale of products that are less efficient than a minimum level.

Two possible meanings: 1) well-defined protocols (or laboratory test procedures) by which to obtain a sufficiently accurate estimate of the energy performance of a product in the way it is typically used, or at least a relative ranking of its energy performance compared to that of other models; and

2) target limits on energy performance (usually maximum use or minimum efficiency) based on a specified test protocol

Standards

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Three types of energy-efficiency standards: ■ prescriptive standards ■ minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) ■ class-average standards

•Prescriptive standards require that a particular feature or device be installed in all new products.

•Performance standards prescribe minimum efficiencies (or maximum energy consumption) that manufacturers must achieve in each and every product, specifying the energy performance but not the technology or design details of the product.

•Class-average standards specify the average efficiency of a manufactured product, allowing each manufacturer to select the level of efficiency for each model so that the overall average is achieved.

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Lamps Types: Normally available technologies in the domestic sector

Technology Typical product life (hrs)

Luminous efficiency (lm/W)

Incandescent lamps 1000 5-15

Halogen lamps 1000 - 5000 10 -20

Compact (and linear) Fluorescent lamps

6000 -15000 30 - 70

Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamps

5000 - 50000 40 - 120

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Lamps (Product ) Performance Criterion

•Establishing performance standards or defining what products are acceptable to a scheme or market and which will be discouraged through mandatory or voluntary measures, is essential for almost all phase-out schemes.

•The most important factors to bear in mind when specifying the parameters to be included in a performance standard are:

•Specify only the parameters which are important, adopting existing international performance standards, where available. This will increase the likelihood of receiving compliant products at reasonable prices from suppliers, and make managing the scheme administration easier.

•Ensure that test standards exist to accurately, reliably and consistently verify the product performance. If a product is in compliance with international safety standards, the product shall be considered safe. Health and safety issues which relate to potentially hazardous situations and or materials used in the product may be covered by additional requirements.

Product Coverage Criterion• decision on product coverage will be largely

dependent on the mix of lamps in the market and the objectives of the phase out scheme‐

• include consideration of what loopholes might be possible and how to avoid or mitigate them. (Eg . Base type , geometry etc.)

• exemptions or less stringent requirements are only applied to products that can be truly warranted: i.e. “special purpose lamps” that have very unique performance needs ( eg. Marine lights, traffic signals, navigation lights, incest lights etc)

Mitigation Options

• Set a wattage limitation for niche or special purpose products to minimise their sales growth into other areas

• Allow an initial exemption or modification of the requirements but to set maximum market penetration level.

• Develop a specific category for special purpose lamps which are required to clearly and prominently state their intended purpose on product packaging and all forms of product information, along with a statement that they are not suitable for general lighting purposes.

• Set a schedule for phasing out exemptions over time‐

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Generic product performance requirements (example)Essential product performance criterion Measurement Units

Luminous efficiency Lumen/Watt

Product life time Hours

Lumen maintenance Percentage @ hours

Mercury content Milligrams

Operating voltage Volts to Volts

Switching withstand Number of switches over life

Colour rendering Index Value

Optional product performance requirement

Measurement Units

Start up time Seconds

Run up time Seconds

Note : International, regional and national requirements exist on specific product information to be shown on the product (packaging) or in leaflets or websites.

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Other product performance requirements (example)Product performance criterion Measurement Units

Equivalent (Incandescent) lamp power Watt

Power factor value

Colour temperature Kelvin

Colour rendering Index value

Product life Hours

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Energy performance of lamps

There are four main options for specifying energy performance:

• Single wattage limitation • Single minimum efficacy level• Lumen output groups • Performance curves

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Comparison of options for specifying energy performance

Option Description Advantage Disadvantage

Single wattage limitation

This option involves setting a simple wattage limit to cover all lamps. For example, no lamp over 70W can be sold after a certain date.

This approach is simple to write and communicate and could be effective if the goal is to move all lamps to CFL or better performance levels

The approach restricts the level of savings that can be achieved.

Single minimum efficacy level

involves setting a minimum efficacy level (in lumens per watt) for all lamps.

Simple to write and communicate

With all available lamp technologies today, the lamp efficacy increases with light output, therefore if the level set is too high/stringent, it may be difficult for low lumen lamps to comply. Alternatively, if it is set too low, the potential incremental savings from brighter bulbs may be lost.

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Lumen output groups

Setting a lumen output equivalency group for the light output of today’s standard incandescent lamps, combined with a maximum permissible wattage, or minimum efficiency (lumen per watt), for each equivalency group ( i.e. the maximum energy consumption or minimum efficacy of the replacement lamps)

relatively easy to communicate and the wattages or efficacy of the replacement lamps in each lumen category can be tailored to ensure maximum savings at the various levels.

Care must be taken when assigning the lumen equivalency groups. They must not be so wide that they encourage manufacturers to produce lamps that deliver less lumen in order to comply. This could result in the consumer switching to lamps from a higher lumen level in order to obtain the amount of light they have been accustomed to, which would have an adverse affect on the anticipated energy savings.

Option Description Advantage Disadvantage

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Performance curves

Based on establishing a curve that sets minimum efficacy levels (in lumens per watt as a function of light output). The curve is created by plotting the lumen out-put of today’s lamps against their efficacy in lumens per watt. The data follows a natural curve with efficacy increasing as a function of light output.

Would yield maximum efficiency benefits as it forces all lamps to be more efficient

Lacks the simplicity of some of the above approaches and requires the use of formula’s and/or detailed tables.

Option Description Advantage Disadvantage

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Lumen equivalency according to Draft update IEC 60969,

En.lighten :Luminous efficacy

En.lighten :PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS Product requirements for Energy Efficient Halogen

Essential product performance requirements

Luminous efficiency See red curve in graph

Product Lifetime (hrs) ≥ 1000 hrs

Lumen at 75% lifetime ≥ 85 %

Mercury  content N.A.

Switching withstandNumber of switches ≥ 4 x rated life (1min on / 3min off)

Colour Rendering Index N.A.

Optional product performance requirements

Start –up time N.A.

Run up to 60% light  N.A.

En.lighten :PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS Product requirements for CFL-i

Essential product performance requirements

Luminous efficiency See Yellow curve in graph

Product Lifetime (hrs) ≥ 6000

Lumen at 2000 hrs ≥ 80%

Mercury  content 2.5 < mg Hg < 5.0

Switching withstand Number of switches ≥ 3000 (1min on / 3min off)

Colour Rendering Index ≥80

Optional product performance requirements

Start –up time ≤ 2 sec

Run up to 60% light  ≤ 120 sec

En.lighten :PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS Product requirements for LED lamps

Essential product performance requirements

Luminous efficiency See requirements as for CFLi

Product Lifetime (hrs) L70, F50 ≥ 10000 hrs

Lumen at 2000 hrs ≥L70

Mercury  content N.A.

Switching withstand Number of switches ≥ 5000 (1min on / 3mins off )

Colour Rendering Index < 4500K CRI ≥80 and ≥ 4500K CRI ≥ 70

Optional product performance requirements

Start –up time ≤ 2 sec

Run up to 95% light  NA (for LED no run-up time is needed)

En.lighten : Phase Out Option 1Countries develop phase out policies/plans in such a manner that the minimum luminous efficacy of all the lighting products follow the curve in red colour however the other parameters with regards to the product quality would be as in tables (shown in previous slides).

A review three years after the implementation of the phase-out, monitoring the trends of the halogen market and analyzing the development of LED alternatives

Omni directional Lamp Efficiency ≥ Ф / (0.836√Φ+0.04655Φ ) (lm/W)‐

En.lighten : Phase Out Option - 2Countries develop phase out policies/plans in such a manner that the minimum luminous efficacy of all lighting products follow curve in See curve yellow, however the other parameters with regards to product quality would be as in tables

•The target date for complete phase out of ILs would be 31 December 2015

•Depending on the growth of EE lighting products, a further revision of the luminous efficacy values as under curve in yellow colour would be scheduled for revision by 2020

Omni directional Lamp Efficiency ≥ Ф / (0.2112 x √Ф + 0.01176 xФ)) (lm/W)‐

• Note: All requirements to be tested at a batch of 10 product samples. The batch of products shall be considered to comply with the requirements set out in this document if the average results of the batch do not (adversely) vary from the limit, threshold or declared values by more than 10 %)

DISCUSSIONS

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THANKS