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IV. Equality Before the IV. Equality Before the LawLaw
IV. Equality Before the IV. Equality Before the LawLaw
A. Equal Protection • Discrimination – Treating
individuals unfairly solely because of their race, gender, ethnic group, sexual orientation, age, or religion
• Our government is not able to discriminate in any way
B. Segregation in America• Segregation – Separation of one
group of people from another• After the end of Reconstruction
every Southern state rewrote their constitutions to include segregation
• Jim Crow Laws – Laws that separate people on the basis of race – Start after the election of 1876
Stage Character: Jim Crow
C. Separate But Equal
• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) • Louisiana law required separate
seating for blacks and whites on public railroads
• Herman Plessy argued that his right to equality were violated
D. Court’s Ruling
• Ruled that segregation was permitted if facilities were equal – Separate but Equal
• Segregation was the law of the land for the next 60 years
E. Times a Changing
• Gaines v. Canada (1938)• Lloyd Gaines, an African American,
was not allowed to attend law school at an all-white University of Missouri
• State offered no separate school for blacks
F. Court’s Ruling • State was required to admit
Gaines or create a new school for him to attend
• School decided to admit Gaines• Court upheld the separate but
equal doctrine
Executive Order 9981 – Primary Source
G. Time for Real Change
• Brown v. The Board of Education (1954) – One of the most important cases in 20th century
• Linda Brown was not permitted to attend a local school because she was black
Brown v. Board of Education 1954 – Primary Source
H. Court’s Ruling • Court ruled that separate had never
been equal • No room for discrimination in the realm
of public education • Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson • States were forced to bus students and
integrate schools• Massive resistance erupted across the
South
Little Rock Nine
• Meredith V. Jefferson County BOE (2007)
• Court ruled that assigning kids to schools based on race is Unconstitutional
• What does this do to the Brown decision?
I. Civil Rights Movement
• Civil rights workers throughout the South peacefully broke laws supporting racial segregation
• Rosa Parks – Became famous for refusing to give up her seat to a white man
“Because of You John”- Barack Obama
• Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. – Leader of the Civil Rights movement
• Practice nonviolent resistance to protest governmental policies
• Results in the March on Washington and King’s famous “I have a dream” speech I have a dream
“Any Means Possible”
How Far Have We Come?
Civil Rights Act 1964 – Primary Source
J. Civil Rights Act 1964• Prevented giving federal funds to aid
any state where racial separation was practiced
• 1) Not allowed to refuse service • 2) prohibits discrimination against any
person because of race• 3) Prohibits employers from
discriminating on the grounds of race