ITUC Asia Pacific Labour NetworkAPLN Meeting

Sydney 30/31 August 2007

Regional Trade and Free Trade Agreements

I. Asia-Pacific: Trade and production Platform

Asia-Pacific:

• accounts for 20% of the world GDP.

• generates 25% of global trade.

• receives 18% of FDI.

Asian regional trade and production platform - Highlights :

• Significant presence of intra-industry trade in intra-Asian exchanges.

• Supported by significant vertical integration of the value chain with participation of multinational companies.

• The trade boom occurs on the fringe of free trade regional agreements.

• China’s central role as point of origin and destination of trade flows.

• RTAs/FTAs reinforce this trend.

Asia-Pacific’s Presence in the World Economy

Source: ECLAC

Strong productive transformation and realignment of Asian economies around China’s expansion

Headed by China, Asian countries are entering the distribution chains of large multinationals that have settled in the region due to its low labor costs and China’s large potential market.

For these companies, China is an option not only in the low-tech product sector but also in that of new state-of-the-art technology products.

Current status of the process that started 15 years ago

2010, #1 world power, displacing the USA and Germany.

2015, accountable for 50% of world trade.

US pressure for adjustment of the Chinese currency exchange rate in order to reduce its trade gap.

USA filed WTO complaint against China for violations of intellectual property rights and trade restrictions.

Trade presence linked to multinational companies settled in China (EU, USA, Japan).

Nearly 450 of the 500 largest multinationals in the world have made investments in China. It is estimated that 2/3 of foreign businesses in China have made profits and that 2/5 of multinational companies have had profit margins larger than their global average.

60% of all Chinese exports are handled by these multinationals; in the case of technology products, this number rises to 90%.

China and IndiaEconomic and Strategic Influence

Key factor in significant changes in the global demand level and structure.

China is the largest manufacturer in the world and the most rapidly growing market.

India is a world vendor of business processes, services and information technology.

Significant source of financial resources to maintain international balances.

Offer financing for infrastructure and energy.

In the world map of EAP: 2000-2010:

10 million in Brazil and Mexico 62 million in China 93 million in India

China has turned into an export platform for its neighbors targeting the

USA and EU

Source:: ECLAC

LA & C compete with ASEAN, Australia and NZ

LA & C compete with ASEAN, Australia and NZ

China accumulates large surpluses in manufactured products with the USA and EU

China accumulates large surpluses in manufactured products with the USA and EU

Machinery, electronic

equipment and

precision in

struments

associated with

informatio

n

technologies

Source: ECLAC

Asia-Pacific: Source and Destination of a Large Portion of Latin American Regional Trade

Source: ECLAC

Latin America: Main Products Exported to China (% of total exports per country)

Source: ECLAC

Exports concentrated in natural resources except Mexico and CA

II. Regional and Free Trade Agreements

Facts and Figures:

The proliferation of RTAs/FTAs can be attributed, among other factors, to: the slow progress of WTO negotiations, the relative sluggishness of regional integration processes and the bilateral search for market diversification:

325 RTAs/FTAs worldwide have been registered with the GATT / WTO.

Of these more than 200 have been signed over the last eleven years. 

The WTO estimates that in 2005 more than 51% of the world’s goods were traded under preferential agreements.

RTAs/FTAs Worldwide

Source: WTO

Asia-Pacific Region

Early ’90s: the only existing preferential agreements were regional arrangements in the form of FTAs (ASEAN, ASEAN+3, Bangkok Agreement), customs unions (MERCOSUR) and the GSP.

1990-1995: intra-regional trade was gradually liberalized within the framework of LAIA agreements in the Americas, ASEAN and APEC plurilateral agreements, and multilateral agreements (Uruguay Round).

1995-2000: emergence of agreements with extra-regional trade partners such as the United States and Canada.

2000-2006: dynamic growth of preferential trade and investment agreements:

FTA: United States-Australia-New Zealand, China, Japan, Singapore,India and Chile were the most active ones.

RTA: ASEAN+China, ASEAN+USA, Japan’s proposal was to create the Comprehensive Economic Partnership in East Asia (CEPEA), ASEAN+India.

At intra- and extra-regional level, basically the countries that were not dependent on trade with the USA.

Different trade structures

impact on regional blocs

40 RTAs/FTAs in APEC Region.

The “Noodle Bowl” Process in Asia-Pacific (expanded)

Strongest momentum in the mid-90s, though it did not originate in Asia.

Several countries stop being reluctant to sign preferential agreements and join trade blocs: China, Japan, Rep. of Korea and the Taiwan Province of China start entering into bilateral and plurilateral agreements within and outside Asia-Pacific.

1976-2006, over 150 trade agreements of different kinds recorded (Asia-Pacific, East Asia, Southern Asia and former Soviet Union countries).

Except Mongolia, all Asia-Pacific countries have participated in at least one agreement.

The “Noodle Bowl” in Asia-PacificCauses

The need to speed up liberalization vis-à-vis the slow progress made in WTO and APEC negotiations.

In APEC, no progress is made towards the Bogor goals and there are institutional weaknesses, such as: non-binding commitments, blurred objectives, too many members, too long an agenda, secretariat’s dysfunctional structure and now new competitors at a regional level (ASEAN+3 and the East Asia Summit, made up by ASEAN+6)

Results from the “chain reaction”: any agreement involving one of the three giants (Japan, China and the Republic of Korea) will change the relative competitiveness of the companies exporting to signatory countries. This encourages exporting businesses from non-member countries to put pressure on their respective governments to join in the FTA race.

The “chain reaction” is well illustrated by China’s proposal to sign an agreement with ASEAN, which was followed by similar offers to establish broad economic alliances by Japan, the Republic of Korea, India, Australia and New Zealand.

Trends

Growing agreement diversification: FTA/RTA/TIFA/TEFMap of agreements in Asia-Pacific: 12 regional/plurilateral agreements 57 FTA in force (TIFA, TEF, CER) 27 agreements with completed negotiations

39 under negotiation. 18 under consideration

North-South Agreements: FTA/TIFA/TEF: United States, Australia, New

Zealand and Japan actively involved in the signing of trans-Pacific agreements with Thailand, Canada, South Korea, Chile, Peru, Mexico.

RTAs: no progress in USA-ASEAN agreement; ASEAN agreements with China, India and South Korea; progress in ASEAN- Japan;

South-South Agreements:

FTA: Chile-Japan, Peru-China (FTA under consideration), Taiwan (2 FTAs with Honduras and El Salvador), Singapore (3 FTAs), Philippines, Thailand, Korea, China (has signed or is negotiating with 27 countries), India (agreements with Chile and MERCOSUR).

Proposal to create a Latin American Pacific free trade area made up by CAN countries and Chile.

Chile signed a FTA with Peru and invited it to join the P4 (Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement- Brunei/Singapore/New Zealand). Chile is also finalizing negotiations with Colombia and has accepted to join CAN as an associate member.

Ecuador has stated its interest in joining APEC and has received support from Chile, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia.

Costa Rica-China approach with a view to becoming an APEC member; broke off relations with Taiwan.

RTA: Chile-CAN, Chile-MERCOSUR, Russia-MERCOSUR, India-MERCOSUR, SACU-MERCOSUR; ASEAN strengthens links within its own free trade area and with MERCOSUR.

Impact of complex WTO negotiations:

EU shows interest in negotiating with Asian countries (India) and APEC members: South Korea (2nd neg. round) with China, Japan and 10 Southeast Asian countries.

Switzerland begins studies for future negotiations with China, Japan, Canada and Thailand.

India signed FTA with New Zealand, Thailand, Japan (2nd negotiation round), South Korea (began talks for a CEPA), Singapore, Sri Lanka, Canada and ASEAN. Also announces future agreements with China, Mexico, Brazil and South Africa.

Countries that have signed FTAs with the USA and are APEC members move closer to the US position on NAMA.

China

2001,started developing its trade agreements network with the signing of the Bangkok Agreement.

2006, concluded agreements or held negotiations with 32 countries in Africa, Latin America, Asia and the Southern Pacific.

Applies a pragmatic strategy; there is no one single model for all agreements.

Agreements with Hong Kong and Macao incorporate disciplines and concrete rules, serving as instruments of trade diplomacy, as the “one country, two systems” model.

Agreements with Australia and New Zealand incorporate general commitments regarding cooperation issues.

Agreements with Pakistan, India, Chile and South Africa seen as diplomatic efforts to build or consolidate strategic alliances and guarantee the supply of natural resources.

ASEAN- China agreement seen as a diplomacy instrument to mitigate the growing competition between ASEAN countries and China in the field of trade and investments.

Stepped enforcement: starting with the “early harvest” program and followed by the inclusion of other disciplines such as services, investment and trade facilitation measures, as in the agreement with ASEAN or with Chile.

Several agreements exclude sensitive products and sectors such as the protection of intellectual property, sectoral liberalization, and labor and environmental issues.

An important objective is to be recognized as a market economy by the FTA signatory countries.

Two Proposals Regarding the Creation of Large Economic Areas in Asia :

Pros

Proposed by ABAC (Chile 2004).

Responds to the slow progress made in WTO negotiations,

Responds to the “Noodle Bowl” effect,

Tries to boost compliance with the Bogor Principles,

Answers to the intra-regional agreements that would discriminate against Non Asian countries

Tries to avoid polarization between Asia-Pacific countries.

Cons

No consensus regarding its political feasibility.

Would imply an agreement with China.

Changes in APEC: move to binding liberalization commitments.

Contradicts the principle stated in Busan in 2005 regarding the fact that APEC should not be an inward-looking trade bloc but a bloc oriented to global free trade.

China and Japan interested in Asian regionalism.

Different approaches to the FTA scope.

P4 (Chile/Singapore/Brunei/New Zealand) example of a trans-Pacific FTA, try to bring Mexico, Malaysia, Peru and Thailand on board).

Free Trade Area of Asia-Pacific within the sphere of APEC (FTAAP), supported by the USA, Australia, Canada, Japan,

Chile and Mexico.

The second proposal relates to the creation of an intra-regional economic community:

ASEAN+3 (the 10 ASEAN members plus

China, Japan and the Republic of Korea).

ASEAN+6 (Australia, New Zealand and India).

ASEAN

Agreements to establish a closer economic partnership with its most important trade partners (Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand and the Republic of Korea).

Signed agreements that gave rise to various free trade areas, such as the broader economic partnership agreements with China, India, Japan and the Republic of Korea.

2004,established a Southern Asia free trade area that is expected to be fully operational by 2016.

In 1997, regional economic cooperation was established for Central Asia.

Currently negotiating an Asia-Pacific trade preference agreement to replace the 1975 Bangkok Agreement (Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement).

the ASEAN+3 or ASEAN+6 agreements are considered to be a second wave of preferential trade agreements.

AUGUST 24, MERCOSUR-ASEAN were working in Brasilia.

NETWORK OF FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS IN ASIA-PACIFIC

FTA/RTA: Early ´90s

Source: WTO

FTA/RTA: Early ´90s

Source: WTO

FTAs/RTAs and Economic Cooperation Forums in the Asia-Pacific Region

2007

APEC

China

SACU

DR-CAFTA

NAFTA

CSNCSN

MERCOSUR

SICACARICOM

CAN

EU

ASEAN

P4ChilePeruNZ,BruneiSingapore

Peru

Japan

Thailand

more than 51% of the world’s goods were traded under preferential agreements

TIFAs

Korea

Singapore

Philippines

Taiwan

Vietnam

GCC

AFTA ASEAN FREE TRADE AREA Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam

ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam

SPARTECA South Pacific Regional Trade And Economic Cooperation Agreement

Australia, New Zealand, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Samoa

BANGKOK Bangkok Agreement Bangladesh, China, India, Republic of Korea, Laos, Sri Lanka

PTN Protocol Relating to Trade Negotiations among Developing Countries

Bangladesh, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, Israel, Mexico, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Romania, Tunisia, Turkey, Uruguay, Yugoslavia

MSG Melanesia Spearhead Group Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu

NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement

Canada, Mexico, United States

CACM/SICA Central American Common Market

Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua 

CAN Andean Community Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,

MERCOSUR Southern Common Market Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay

LAIA Latin American Integration Association

Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela

GSTP Global System of Trade Preferences among developing countries

Algeria, Argentina, Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Cameroon, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Ecuador, Egypt, Ghana, Guinea, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Romania, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Tanzania, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe

11 Regional Agreements associated with the Asia-Pacific Region

Regional /Plurilateral Agreements

Entry into Force Type of Agreement

ASEAN 1967 Association of Southeast Asian Nations, created by the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand, Brunei (1984), Vietnam (1995), Laos, Myanmar (1997), Cambodia (1998)

AFTA 1992 ASEAN Free Trade Area

ASEAN+3 1997 China/South Korea/Japan. East Asia Free Trade Area (EAFTA)

ASEAN+China 2003 Free Trade Area: 2010 China /Brunei/Philippines/Indonesia/Malaysia/Singapore/

Thailand , and in 2015 China/Vietnam/Laos/Myanmar/Cambodia.

ASEAN-European Union 2003 Trans-Regional Trade Iniciative (TREATI)

ASEAN-NZ/Australia 2005 (10th round) FTA

ASEAN-Korea 2005 Preferential Agreement

ASEAN-USA 2005 Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA)

ASEAN-Japan 2007 (under negotiation-8 round)

Comprenhensive Economic Partnership(AJCEP)Agreement

ASEAN-India under negotiation

APEC 1989 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (21 members)

GSTP 1989 Preferential Agreement: Chile, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Philippines, Rep. of Korea, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam,

PTN 1973 Preferential Agreement: Bangladesh, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, Israel, Mexico, Turkey, Pakistan, Peru, Paraguay, Philippines, Rep.of Korea, Romania, Tunisia, Uruguay, Yugoslavia

Bangkok Agreement

China’s accession

1976

2002

Preferential Agreement (Bangladesh, China, India, Rep./Korea, Laos, Sri Lanka)

USA-Canada-Mexico 1994 FTA/Services Agreement

Brunei, NZ, Chile, Singapore Nov 2006( in force) Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement

CAN+Chile 1988/2006 Preferential Agreement

Australia-New Zealand 

ANZCERTA/CER           

1983/1989 Closer Economic Relations (CER) FTA/ Services

Australia-Papua New Guinea

PACTRA

1991 Trade and Commercial Relations Agreement

Australia-Singapore

SAFTA

2003 FTA

Australia-China 2003

2005 (under negotiation-8round)

TEF

FTA

Australia-Japan 2003

2007(under negotiation-2round)

TEF

Economic Partnership Agreement

Australia-USA 2005 FTA/Services Agreement

Australia-Indonesia

                     

2005 (signed) TIFA

Australia-Thailand

TAFTA                         

2005 FTA/Services Agreement

Australia -USA/AUSFTA                       2004 signed (in force) FTA

Australia–Malaysia                                            

2005 (under negotiation-7round)) FTA

Australia/NZ -ASEAN                                       

2005(under negotiation-10round) FTA

Australia-Gulf Cooperation Council 2007 (under negotiation-2round) FTA

Bilateral Agreements

Australia-Chile 2007(under negotiation-1 round) FTA

Australia- Rep. Korea 2006 (under consideration) FTA

Japan-Singapore JSEPA 2002

2007 signed

Economic Partnership Agreement

Protocol Amending Agreement for

a New Age Economic Partnership (JSEPA)

Japan-Korea 2003(suspended) FTA/Services Agreement

Japan-Mexico 2005 Economic Partnership Agreement (Investment /Services)

Japan-Chile 2007(in force-September 3) FTA/Economic Cooperation Agreement

Japan- Canada 2005

2006 (under consideration)

TEF

Pursue a TIFA or FTA

Japan-Malaysia 2005 (under negotiation) Economic Partnership Agreement

Japan-Indonesia 2007 (signed-August) Economic Partnership Agreement

Japan-Philippines 2006 FTA

Japan-Thailand 2005 signed (2007 ratified by Parliament)

FTA

Japan-Vietnam 2007 (under negotiation- 4 round)

Economic Partnership Agreement

Japan- Brunei Darussalam 2007 signed Economic Partnership Agreement

Japan-Gulf Cooperation Council

(under negotiation) FTA

Japan- Switzerland 2007(under negotiation-2 round) Economic Partnership Agreement

Japan- Australia 2007(under negotiation-2 round) Economic Partnership Agreement

Japan-India 2007(under negotiation-3 round) Economic Partnership Agreement

Japan-ASEAN 2007(under negotiation-8 round) Comprehensive Economic Partnership (AJCEP) Agreement

Japan-Comprehensive Economic Partnership in East Asia (CEPEA)

2006 PROPOSAL Establish trade and investment links between the ten-member Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the six other members of the East Asia Summit -- China, South Korea, Japan, India, Australia and New Zealand.

New Zealand-Australia 1983 CER

New Zealand-Singapore 2001 (NZCEP)

New Zealand-Hong Kong 2002 (suspended-5 round) CER

New Zealand-China 2004

2005 (under negotiation-12 round)

TEF

FTA

New Zealand-Malaysia 2005 (under negotiation-6 round) FTA

New Zealand-Thailand 2005 Closer Economic Partnership (NZTCEP)

Brunei/Chile/New Zealand/Singapore

2005(signed- in force) TRANSPACIFIC SEP

New Zealand/Australia-ASEAN

2005(under negotiation-10 round)

FTA

New Zealand-Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)

2007(under negotiation-2 round) FTA

Singapore-New Zealand 2001 Closer Economic Partnership

(NZSCEP) FTA/ Services Agreement

Singapore-Australia 2002 SAFTA

Singapore-USA 2004 FTA

Singapore--Panama 2006 FTA

Singapore- Rep. of Korea 2005 signed FTA

Singapore-Mexico 2000 (6 round of negotiations) FTA

Singapore-Japan 2007 signed Protocol Amending Agreement for a New Age Economic Partnership (JSEPA)

Singapore-China 2006- (1round of negotiations) FTA

Singapore-Canada 2002 (3 round of negotiations) FTA

Singapore- Pakistan 2005 (under negotiations) FTA

Singapore-Gulf Cooperation Council

2006 (under negotiation) FTA

Singapore-ASEAN/Australia/New Zealand

2005 (under negotiation) FTA

Singapore-Ukraine 2007 (launch negotiation) FTA

Singapore- Brunei, NZ, Chile, Nov 2006 ( in force) Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement

Singapore-Switzerland, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway

2003 in force ESFTA

Singapore-India

Singapore-Jordania

Singapore-Sri Lanka ( under consideration)

Singapore-European Free Association

2003 in force ESFTA

Taiwan-Panama 2003 FTA

Taiwan-Nicaragua 2006 signed FTA

Taiwan-Honduras 2007 signed FTA

Taiwan-El Salvador 2007 signed FTA

Taiwan-Paraguay (under negotiation) FTA

Taiwan-Rep Dominicana

(under consideration) FTA

Taiwan-Guatemala 2006 signed FTA

Taiwan-Malaysia

Rep. of Korea-Chile 2004 in force KCFTA

Rep. of Korea-European Free Trade Association

2006 in force EFTA Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein

Rep. of Korea-Singapore 2006 in force KSFTA

Rep. of Korea-USA 2007 (pending US Congress)

FTA

Rep. of Korea-Canada 2007 (under negotiations-10 round)

FTA

Rep. of Korea-India 2007 (under negotiations-6 round)

CEPA Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement

Rep. of Korea-China (under consideration)

Rep. of Korea -Thailand (under negotiation)

Rep of Korea -Malaysia (under consideration)

Rep of Korea -ASEAN

Rep of Korea -MERCOSUR

(under consideration)

Thailand-Australia 2005 FTA

Thailand-New Zealand 2005 FTA

Thailand-Peru 2005 signed 1st phase of the FTA: “Protocol to Accelerate the Liberalization of Trade in Goods

Thailand-United States 2005 (4th round of negotiations)

FTA on the basis of the TIFA

Thailand-India 2007 signed 1st phase of the FTA- Early Harvest Agreement

Thailand-Japan 2005 signed (2007 ratified by Parliament)

Thailand- Rep. of Korea

2006 under consideration

Thailand-China 2006 under consideration

Thailand-CER 2006 under consideration

Thailand-Bahrein Under negotiation

Thailand-Chile 2006 under consideration

Thailand-MERCOSUR Under consideration

USA-Canada 1995 NAFTA

USA-Mexico 1995 NAFTA

USA-Brunei 2004 TIFA

USA-Philippines 2004 TIFA

USA-Indonesia 2004 TIFA

USA-Chile 2004 FTA/Services Agreement

USA-Singapore 2004 FTA/Services Agreement

USA-Thailand 2004 TIFA

USA-Australia 2004 signed (in force) FTA

USA-Malaysia 2005 TIFA

USA-Vietnam 2006 Agreement “in principle” for accession to WTO

USA-Peru 2007 (pending US Congress) FTA

USA- Rep. of Korea 2007 (pending US Congress) FTA

USA- Taiwan (under consideration) FTA

Canada-Chile 1997 FTA

Canada-Singapore 2002 (3rd round stand by)

Canada-Korea 2004 (under negotiation-10th round)

FTA

Canada-Japan 2005

2006 (under consideration)

TEF

FTA

Canada –Colombia/Peru 2007 (under negotiation-1round)

FTA

Canada –Economic Free Trade Association

2007 signed EFTA Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.

Chile-Mexico 1999

2006

FTA

Agreement Expansion/Services Agreement

Chile-Rep. Of Korea 2004 FTA/Services Agreement

Chile-China 2006

2006 (negotiation of expansion)

FTA

Services Agreement

Chile-Peru 2006 (signed) FTA/Services Agreement

Chile-Vietnam 2006 Under consideration FTA

Chile-Thailand 2006 (under negotiation) FTA

Chile-Japan 2007 FTA

Chile-Colombia 2006 (pending in Congress) FTA

Chile-Peru 2006 (pending in Congress) FTA

Chile -Panama 2006 (pending in Congress) FTA

Chile-India 2006 (pending in Congress) FTA

Chile -Japan 2007 in force FTA

Chile -Australia 2007 (under negotiation-1 round)

FTA

Chile -Malaysia 2007 (under negotiation-1 round)

FTA

Chile -Turkey 2007 (under consideration/study)

FTA

Peru-Thailand 2005 signed FTA

Peru-USA 2007 (pending US Congress) FTA

Peru-China 2007 (under consideration in perspective APEC 2008)

FTA

Peru-European Free Trade Association

2007 (under negotiation-1 round)

EFTA Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.

Peru-India 2007 (under consideration) FTA

Peru-Singapore (under negotiations)

NAFTA 1995 in force FTA USA-Canada-Mexico

Mexico-Chile 1999 in force FTA

Mexico-Peru 1995 in force Economic Complementarity Agreement

Mexico-Singapore 2000 (6th round of negotiations)

FTA

Mexico-Japan 2005 in force FTA

Mexico-Rep. Of Korea under negotiation

Philippines-China 1975 Philippines has a model trade agreement approved by the TRM Cabinet Committee for purposes of negotiating trade accords with other countries.

Philippines-Korea 1975

Philippines-Indonesia 1975

Philippines-Russia 1976

Philippines-New Zealand 1977

Philippines-Korea 1978

Philippines-Vietnam 1978

Philippines-United States 1979

Philippines-Thailand 2000

Philippines- Japan 2006

Philippines- Pakistan Under

consideration

Laos-Thailand 1991 Preferential Agreement

China-India 2003

2004 under consideration

Bangkok Agreement

FTA

China-Hong Kong 2004 Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA)

China-Macao 2004 Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA)

China-Peru 2004 talks Comprehensive Cooperation Partnership

China-Pakistan 2005 FTA “Early Harvest” Program

China-Chile 2006 Partial Scope Agreement

China-Fiji 2006 Economic Cooperation Agreement

China- New Zealand 2006 negotiations

12th round of negotiations of FTA

China, Australia, Japan, South Korea

2006 under consideration

Pan-Asia Trade Deal

China-South American Customs Union (SACU)

2004 under consideration

RTA (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland)

China-India 2004 under consideration

FTA

China-Singapore under negotiation

FTA

China-Iceland 2006 consideration stage completed

FTA

China-Gulf Cooperation Council

RTA (Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, UAE, Kuwait. Oman, Qatar)

China-EU 2006 proposal New 'Partnership and Cooperation Agreement'. Updating a 1985 bilateral cooperation accord to focus more on trade and investment, the new agreement will attempt to go beyond China's WTO commitments to open additional sectors of its economy to foreign competition.

China-Thailand

China-Rep of Korea (under consideration)

China-ASEAN

India-Bangkok Agreement 1976 Preferential Agreement (Bangladesh, China, India, Rep. of Korea, Laos, Sri Lanka )

India-South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

1995 RTA

India-Thailand 2003 FTA “Early Harvest” Program

India-ASEAN 2004 Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement “Early Harvest” Program”

India-MERCOSUR 2004 Preferential Agreement seeking to become a FTA.

India/Bangladesh/Myanmar/Sri Lanka/Thailand

2004 Framework Agreement

India-SAFTA 2004 RTA (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka)

India- Southern Africa Customs Union (SACU)

2002 under negotiation

Framework Agreement - draft agreed on in 2004

India-Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) 2006 under negotiation

RTA 1st round

India-China 2004 under consideration

FTA, they have agreed to sign the agreement in 2007

India-EU 2007 Have agreed to step up efforts towards a "broad-based" bilateral trade and investment pact, aiming to conclude a deal by 2009

Non APEC Member

India-Singapore 2005 Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA)

India-Chile 2006 under ratification

Partial Scope Preferential Agreement

India-Egypt FTA

India-Indonesia Memorandum of understanding to begin studies.

India-Japan 2006 under negotiation

FTA

India-Malaysia 2005 under consideration

Cooperation Agreement

India-Peru 2006 under negotiation

Preferential Agreement similar to that of Chile

India- Rep. of Korea 2006 under consideration

FTA

Thanks