It’s Wednesday!, 10/24 “D” day

GOAL: To review Islam in Africa.

Have out your review sheets and your chapter 8 notes.

Question #20

•Describe the “common elements” of African society.

Common Elements• Bantu-based language• Stateless Societies

– Common in Africa

– Governed by family & obligation– No tax, bureaucracy, army

Disadvantage:• Organizing public project

• Animistic religion– Creator deity– Personified natural forces– Witchcraft– Ancestors

• Economies– Increasing settled ag & specialized trade

Bantu

Question #21

•Trace how Islam entered Africa.

N Africa: Arrival of Islam

• Long part of Mediterranean world

• Islam quickly spread– Berbers

• N. Africa splintered as Abbasid weakened– Puritanical movements

Question #22

• Describe the Sudanic states and how they were organized.–Sudanic States= kingdoms that

developed in the grasslands (so grassland kingdoms of Ghana, Mali & Songhai are also considered Sudanic states).

W Africa: Grassland Kingdoms/Sudanic States

• Merchants brought Islam from N. Africa

• Powerful trade states: Strategically located b/t gold-rich forests on coast & salt-rich deserts & markets to north

• 300-1200: Ghana• 1240-1500 Mali• 700s-1591 Songhai

Question #23

•How did Islam & indigenous African beliefs fuse?

Political & Social Life

• Consistently blended:

– Tradition = • Clans• Animism• Women

– Islamic influence = • Rulers political/religious authority• Merchants • Slave trade

• Islamization was class-based– Rulers– Merchants– Peasants maintain native traditions

• Blending of cultures common– Swahili– Tracing lineage

Question #24

•Describe the connection between East Africa & Islam.

E Africa: Swahili Coast

to Arabia

to S Asia

to SE Asia

• Islam further brings Africa into fold w/ Indian Ocean trade

• 1200s: City-states develop– Led by Arab elites– Traded ivory, gold,

slaves from interior for foreign silk & porcelain

Question #25

•Where did cultures develop in Africa that were not affected by Islam?

NE Africa: Christian Societies

• Three persistent societies preceded Islam

– Egyptian Copts

– Nubia/Kush

– Ethiopia/Axum