Fairfax CountyFairfax CountyVehicle Emissions Vehicle Emissions

Reduction ProgramReduction ProgramApril 5, 2004April 5, 2004

James D. Gorby, DirectorJames D. Gorby, DirectorDepartment of Vehicle ServicesDepartment of Vehicle Services

It’s all about . . .It’s all about . . .

HeirHeir

QualityQuality

BackgroundBackground

Ozone non-attainment areaOzone non-attainment areaProjected PM non-attainment areaProjected PM non-attainment areaPrior interest in alternative fuelsPrior interest in alternative fuelsGrant opportunitiesGrant opportunities

ComponentsComponents

Hybrid drive vehiclesHybrid drive vehiclesEarly introduction of ULSDEarly introduction of ULSDDiesel exhaust opacity testingDiesel exhaust opacity testingDiesel engine retrofitsDiesel engine retrofitsFavor procurement of low-emissions Favor procurement of low-emissions

HDDEHDDEContinue evaluations of alternative Continue evaluations of alternative

fuelsfuels

HybridsHybrids

Toyota PriusToyota Prius 2002/2003 Compact sedan2002/2003 Compact sedan 2004 Mid-size sedan2004 Mid-size sedan

Emissions 90% lower than average Emissions 90% lower than average new carnew car

Replacing cars, light trucks, small vansReplacing cars, light trucks, small vansOther hybrids when available and Other hybrids when available and

suited to a mission needsuited to a mission need

ULSDULSD Mandated highway fuel late 2006Mandated highway fuel late 2006 Introducing early forIntroducing early for

ExperienceExperience DPFs on Fairfax Connector (transit) DPFs on Fairfax Connector (transit)

busesbuses Minor PM benefit (5%) on other dieselsMinor PM benefit (5%) on other diesels

Use in all diesel applicationsUse in all diesel applications IssuesIssues

AvailabilityAvailability CostCost

Diesel exhaust opacity Diesel exhaust opacity testingtesting

Measures density of exhaust smokeMeasures density of exhaust smoke Does not tell us what pollutants are Does not tell us what pollutants are

presentpresent Indicator of condition of the engineIndicator of condition of the engine Confidence that engine performing Confidence that engine performing

properlyproperly Tests to date show no maintenance Tests to date show no maintenance

problemsproblems

Diesel retrofitsDiesel retrofits

School buses (DOC, plus some ECM School buses (DOC, plus some ECM reprogramming)reprogramming)

Other transit buses (DPF)Other transit buses (DPF)Other highway enginesOther highway enginesOff-road equipmentOff-road equipmentStationary enginesStationary engines

School bus retrofitsSchool bus retrofits2-year program2-year program436 AmTrans (436 AmTrans (’’99-’03) -- ECM + DOC99-’03) -- ECM + DOC

Reduce NOx 25%, CO 25%, PM 10%Reduce NOx 25%, CO 25%, PM 10%565 others (565 others (’’89-’04) -- DOC89-’04) -- DOC

Reduce HC 50%, CO 40%, PM 20%Reduce HC 50%, CO 40%, PM 20%Not included:Not included:

188 Cat 3116 (188 Cat 3116 (’’97-’98) delivered with 97-’98) delivered with DOCDOC

328 with <3 years remaining life328 with <3 years remaining lifeLessons learned documentLessons learned document

Favor lower emissions Favor lower emissions enginesengines

Required Required ’’04-compliant engines in 04-compliant engines in ’’0303 Declined certified, non-compliant enginesDeclined certified, non-compliant engines

Will require Will require ’’07-compliant engines 07-compliant engines beginning in 2007beginning in 2007 Some certified engines will be Some certified engines will be

unacceptableunacceptable Phase-inPhase-in Averaging, banking, and tradingAveraging, banking, and trading Non-compliance penaltiesNon-compliance penalties

Expect to pay premiumExpect to pay premium

Next stepsNext stepsEvaluate technologies for next phaseEvaluate technologies for next phase

After-treatmentsAfter-treatments Fuel additivesFuel additives

Determine sequence of retrofitsDetermine sequence of retrofitsContinue evaluation of alternative Continue evaluation of alternative

fuelsfuelsEvaluate light diesels (cars)Evaluate light diesels (cars)Evaluate emerging hybridsEvaluate emerging hybridsProvide information for other fleetsProvide information for other fleets