Italy - The Sorrento Peninsula - Naturetrek Wildlife Holidays · Punta Campanella We woke to a ... Italy - The Sorrento Peninsula Tour Report ... on a rocky outcrop, we recorded the

Italy - The Sorrento Peninsula

Naturetrek Tour Report 5 – 12 April 2017

Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf's Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK

T: +44 (0)1962 733051

E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk

Report compiled by Jessica Turner and Andrew Bray

Images by Marigold Norbye and Jessica Turner

Italian Wall Lizard by Marigold Norbye

The Amalfi Coast by Marigold Norbye Tree Spurge by Marigold Norbye

Pink Butterfly Orchid by Jessica Turner

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Tour Report Italy - The Sorrento Peninsula

© Naturetrek May 17

Tour Participants: Jessica Turner and Andrew Bray (leaders) with 15 Naturetrek clients

Summary

Our trip to the Sorrento Peninsula was blessed with warm, fine and sunny weather, in which we could enjoy the

dramatic cliffs and turquoise sea. While bird life was rather quiet, possibly partly due to the settled conditions, we

enjoyed some good sightings. The avian highlight was the number of Pied Flycatchers we saw on the beautiful

Isle of Capri, where we also saw many fine Naked Man Orchids (Orchis italica). With the opportunity to explore

Pompeii, experience Vesuvius and enjoy the spring plants, birds and butterflies, in a lovely hotel and in good

company, everything added up to a very enjoyable week in Sorrento.

Day 1 Wednesday 5th April

Travel to Sorrento

The fifteen group members met with Jessica and Andrew at Gatwick South Terminal for the British Airways

early morning flight to Naples. Having landed and sorted luggage, we located the vehicles, loaded up, and set off

for the Sorrento Peninsula in bright sunshine. With Vesuvius towering above on one side, and the Bay of Naples

on the other, we stopped at a service station for a snack lunch, noting the Italian Sparrows which were after

crumbs.

We left the autostrada at Castellammare di Stabbia, driving through three long tunnels before emerging onto the

busy, but scenic coastal road. We stopped in a layby at Punta Gradelle, above Meta, enjoying the views of the

rocky coastline and the amazingly blue sea. Here we saw Yellow-legged Gulls, some close enough to see their leg

colour clearly, while three Ravens and a Kestrel flew overhead. Serins were flitting around, and we had lovely

views of a male in perfect light. The main highlight was, however, a Blue Rock Thrush which allowed some very

good, if rather distant, views. Meanwhile, we also enjoyed the plants, introducing ourselves to the bright green-

and orange-leaved Tree Spurge (Euphorbia dendroides), Lentisk (Pistacea lentiscus) and Scorpion Senna (Hippocrepis

emerus) which carpet the cliffs. We also noted Sicilian Snapdragon (Antirrhinum siculum), Giant Fennel (Ferula

communis), the white Sweet Alison (Lobularia maritima), often used as a bedding-plant, and the bright purple Hoary

Stock (Matthiola incana), amongst other species. Butterflies included Wall Brown, Brimstone, Cleopatra and Holly

Blues; Italian Wall Lizards were enjoying the sun, and two Western Whip Snakes were seen, of the all-black

‘carbonarius’ variant, found in Italy and Malta.

Continuing on through the busy evening traffic, we soon arrived at the Best Western Hotel La Solara, our base

for the week, where we received a warm welcome. We soon settled in to our rooms, meeting for a

complimentary drink whilst Jessica outlined some of the plans for the week ahead. We then enjoyed an excellent

meal before retiring for some much-needed rest.

Italy - The Sorrento Peninsula Tour Report


Day 2 Thursday 6th April

Punta Campanella

We woke to a beautiful morning and, after a good breakfast, were soon on our way to the village of Termini for

the start of our first walk. Our destination was the Punta Campanella headland with its old lighthouse. Having

parked the vehicles, we distributed the picnic and set off, pausing as we were greeted by Enrico, the owner of the

juice bar. As we walked down the first section of the road, through Olive groves, market gardens and woodland,

we noted Borage (Borago officinalis), Giant Reed (Arundo donax), Mediterranean Elm (Ulmus canescens), Rustyback

(Ceterach officinarum) on the walls, and Tassel Hyacinths (Leopoldia comosa). Wall butterflies were abundant and

Italian Wall Lizards were living up to their name. Birds were generally quite elusive, but included Serin, Sardinian

Warbler, Blackcap and Wren, while a Melodious Warbler was a nice find.

As we walked down the track, a rocky cliff held the bright blue-flowered Rosemary-leaved Gromwell, with some

patches having paler mauve flowers. Another open, rocky patch held Bumblebee Orchid (Ophrys bomby;iflora), a

spike of Tongue Orchid (Serapias lingua), emerging Naked Man Orchid (Orchis italica) and the endemic Ophrys

argolica subsp. crabronifera. Further on, we encountered a clump of Pyramidal Orchids (Anacamptis pyramidalis) and

a shady patch held some Field Gladioli (Gladiolus italicus). Overhead we recorded Raven, Common Buzzard and

Common Kestrel, and butterflies included Common and Little Blues and Cleopatras. We started to recognise

some of the members of the Pea family, especially the colourful pink-and-purple Lathyrus clymenum (the ‘party

pea’), mauve-and-pale Bithynian Vetch (Vicia bithynica) and the dark-red, velvety Asparagus Pea (Lotus

tetragonolobus).

Eventually the track opened out into open ‘garrigue’ scrubland, and we continued to descend, scanning the hill

slopes and the sea. We had our picnic at the lighthouse, exploring the rocky headland with its steep cliffs. A

Yellow-legged Gull, panting on its nest, was photographed and six Barn Swallows were noted over the headland,

but the highlight was a sighting of Common Rock Thrush. Later on, a Northern Wheatear was glimpsed, but

both these birds vanished, never to be seen again. Wood Pink (Dianthus sylvestris) in flower was unexpected. We

eventually started the long walk uphill back to Termini. Two Swallowtails and a Scarce Swallowtail were new for

the butterfly list, and a Peregrine was heard but not seen. We were pleased to arrive back at Enrico’s, where we

refreshed ourselves with freshly squeezed orange and lemon juice, before returning to the hotel. Some chose to

have a dip in the pool, before we all met to complete our lists and enjoy another delicious meal.

Day 3 Friday 7th April

Positano

On another beautiful morning, we left the hotel after breakfast to drive in the direction of Massa Lubrense and

Sant Agata, with the objective of visiting the splendid Amalfi coastal road and the lovely little town of Positano.

As we drove, we enjoyed some dramatic views of the mountains and sea cliffs, with the road clinging to their

sides. We parked in a lay-by just outside Positano, and Andrew distributed the lunch while Jessica drove two of

the group to the town, which they had opted to explore for the day. Before setting off on the walk, we saw a

Peregrine Falcon.



We then took the steep path which would take us up above this magnificent coastline. As we began the early

climb we soon noted Orange Tip butterfly, the Arum-like Friar’s Cowl (Arisarum vulgare), Shrub Germander

(Teucrium fruticans) with pretty, pale blue flowers, and White Mignonette (Reseda alba). We climbed slowly up

through Downy Oak (Quercus pubescens) and Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis) trees, passing clumps of a silvery-leaved

Knapweed (Centaurea cinerea), not yet in flower. After a steep climb, we emerged onto a saddle where we paused

to catch our breath, admire the views and to have a drink. At our feet were spikes of Pink Butterfly Orchid

(Anacamptis papilionacea) and occasional Tongue Orchids (Serapias lingua). Goldcrest was heard, but remained out

of sight, and a Kestrel was over the distant ridge.

We carried on climbing steadily, past Nice Milkwort (Polygala nicaeensis), Common Rock-rose (Helianthemum

nummularium) and the similar-flowered Fumanas (Fumana arabica and Fumana ericoides). The path forked right just

after a patch of Narrow-leaved Lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) and entered woodland dotted with pink Spring

Sowbread (Cyclamen repandum). A Violet Carpenter Bee was by a wooden fence, and butterflies included Green

Hairstreak, Green-underside Blue and Swallowtail.. By an area of cliff face, we recorded the shrub Thymelea

tartonraira, related to Daphnes, and Hairy Broom (Cytisus hirsutus), whose yellow flowers are stained with brown.

We also found Naked Man Orchids (Orchis italica) in bud, and more Tongue Orchids. Sardinian Warblers

continued to call from deep cover, and a Blue Rock Thrush was also heard. We had our picnic at some rustic

tables before continuing on the path which followed the contours.

As we started to descend through more Oak (Quercus spp.), Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa) and Flowering or

Manna Ash (Fraxinus ornus) woodland, we found a single spike of Sword-leaved Helleborine (Cephalanthera

longifolia). We came out into a market garden, and past a house where a swing and a double-decker see-saw

caused some amusement, before dropping steeply down to emerge back on to the road at Positano. From here,

we walked to the famous Bar Internazionale for well-earned refreshments, and to meet up with the others, who

had enjoyed this delightful town which rises so steeply from the sea. Jessica and Andrew then went to collect the

buses and picked up the group for the journey home to the hotel.

Day 4 Saturday 8th April

Monte Faito

The sun was again shining as we left the hotel to head through busy Sorrento to Vico Equense, where we turned

right and began to climb into the Lattari Mountains. After the village of Moiano, the road rose more steeply

towards Monte Faito, at nearly 1200 metres above sea level. We stopped at a café with magnificent views down

over the Bay of Naples, before continuing to the nearby cablecar station, where we parked. Walking back down

the road a short way before joining the ridge path, we found many blue and white Apennine Anemones (Anemone

apennina). We had excellent views of two Firecrests feeding in Black Pine (Pinus nigra) in perfect light. As we

progressed, we added Stinking Hellebore (Helleborus foetidus), Alpine Squill (Scilla bifolia), Spring Crocus (Crocus

vernus), Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara) and Lesser Celandine (Ficaria verna agg.). We also found a very fresh spike of

Elder-flowered Orchid (Dactylorhiza sambucina). It was apparent that, at this higher altitude, the vegetation had a

more montane feel, and the season was later than at sea-level. Among the birds, we recorded Raven, Buzzard,

Nuthatch and Coal Tit. An avian highlight was a pair of Marsh Tits, with the female begging food from the male

as part of a courtship ritual.



Further on, on a rocky outcrop, we recorded the endemic pansy Viola pseudogracilis (very similar to Viola eugeniae,

but with a longer spur) and the leaves of Round-leaved Saxifrage (Saxifraga rotundifolia). Eventually, we started to

retrace our steps, stopping on a grassy bank to enjoy Southern Festoon butterflies flitting around their food

plant, the Birthwort Aristolochia pallida. Arriving back at the buses, we drove a short distance to have our picnic

amidst Beech trees, with their bright green, newly emerging leaves. We then drove up to the church of San

Michele, seeing a couple of Northern Wheatears and a Black-eared Wheatear, as we arrived. Although the church

was closed, we enjoyed the amazing views of the surrounding peaks. We then returned to the café we’d visited

earlier, and relaxed in the warm sun, also recording Red Admiral butterfly.

We started our descent, stopping by the roadside to explore a rocky slope. Here we found a good number of

Sparse-flowered Orchids (Orchis pauciflora), and more, very fresh Pink Butterfly Orchids (Anacamptis papilionacea).

Here, we also recorded the cushions of Spiny Spurge (Euphorbia spinosa), the tiny, blue-flowered Spring Rock-

cress (Arabis verna), Wild Clary (Salvia verbenaca) and Red Pea (Lathyrus cicera). We then completed the rather slow

journey back to the hotel. A Tawny Owl was calling at night.

Day 5 Sunday 9th April

Capri

We had an early start this morning, leaving at 7am to reach Sorrento harbour in good time for our trip to Capri.

While Jessica went to get the tickets, Andrew organised breakfast, which we enjoyed on a waterside terrace in the

morning sun, watching the Yellow-legged Gulls. We were on the 8.30am ferry for the 25-minute journey,

docking at the Marina Grande. Jessica then purchased and distributed the tickets for the funicular railway up to

Capri Town and the bus to Anacapri. When we had all gathered, we began the walk to Monte Solaro which, at

587 metres above sea level, is the highest point on the island. Two of the group opted to remain in the town,

meeting us for lunch in Le Terrazze restaurant.

As we set off up the path, we were aware of many small birds flitting between the trees, including Serin,

Blackcap, Willow Warbler, and Blue and Great Tits. We also recorded a Pied Flycatcher, and then another and

realised that there had been a ‘fall’ of this species, with many recorded over the day. A Short-toed Treecreeper

gave good views overhead. On the plant front, we noted the leaves of Bear’s-breech (Acanthus mollis), and the

sweet scent of Alexanders (Smyrnium olusatrum). In more open areas, we found plenty of emerging spikes of

Naked Man Orchid (Orchis italica), the endemic Ophrys argolica subsp. crabronifera, Starry Clover (Trifolium stellatum)

and Small-flowered Viper’s-bugloss (Echium parviflorum). Butterflies included Wall Brown, Wood White, Large

White, Speckled Wood and Holly Blue. A surprise sighting was three Red Crossbills on the pine cones.

We reached an open saddle where Jersey Buttercup (Ranunculus paludosus) was flowering profusely, and a pair of

Black Redstart was seen. Some of the group explored the rocky slope with Andrew, recording Peregrine Falcon,

Black Redstart, and carpets of orchids on a further slope. On the way down, Subalpine Warbler, Wryneck, and a

Nightingale on the path were all seen. Others followed the level path to the sanctuary overlooking the stunningly

blue sea. On the way, we found Bunch-flowered Narcissi (Narcissus tazetta), which was over, beautiful pink

Anemone hortensis and large patches of Wild Clary (Salvia verbenaca). We also saw another Pied Flycatcher, a Robin,

a Red Admiral and, best of all, were able to listen to a Nightingale in the peaceful surroundings.



We all met up for lunch at Le Terrazze, before having some free time before the ferry home. Some explored

Anacapri, visiting the churches and Axel Munthe’s villa, while others spent more time in Capri Town or at the

harbour, where we enjoyed ‘gelati’. Eventually we all gathered for our journey back to the mainland. Back in

Sorrento, we collected our vehicles and drove back through the town to the hotel. This evening was a Gala

Dinner with piano accompaniment, the chefs presenting the food with a flourish!

Day 6 Monday 10th April

Vesuvius and Pompeii

This morning, after an early breakfast, we were soon on the road east, towards Mount Vesuvius, the volcano that

dominates Naples. Once in the Vesuvius National Park, we started the steep, winding ascent that goes almost to

the top of this awesome peak. As it was close to Easter, it was very busy with visitors, and long buses which

struggled on the narrow road. We parked at the 800-metre car park and took the shuttle to the ticket office.

From here, we had to walk to the top car park and the beginning of the trail to the summit crater. Up here were

few plants; French Sorrel (Rumex scutatus), Etna Broom (Genista aetnensis) and the Mount Vesuvius Lichen

(Stereocaulon vesuvianum) being the most notable. We also recorded Scarce Swallowtail and Andrew saw two

Peregrine Falcons in the crater. We also saw the fumarole, indicating this volcano is still ‘live’, although it hasn’t

erupted since 1944. Other plants on the slopes included Pink Rock-cress (Arabis rosea), Green-winged Orchid

(Anacamptis morio) and Field Marigold (Calendula arvensis).

We made our way back down, heading south towards Pompeii, stopping for a quick picnic en route. Here, we

entered by the quieter entrance near the amphitheatre. While Jessica bought the tickets, the group were able to

see the casts of some of the Roman victims of the terrible eruption of AD79, which destroyed but preserved this

amazing site. The group then had time to explore – never enough time for such an amazing place, visiting a

variety of streets and buildings. Tree Sparrows were also noted. We had to leave the site in good time to avoid an

Easter procession in Meta, which we successfully did, returning to the hotel for dinner.

Day 7 Tuesday 11th April

Above Termini, then Marina del Cantone

This morning was cooler than previously, with some cloud. Two of the group opted to explore Sorrento for the

day, while the rest of us returned to Termini. On the way, we stopped at a dry stream gorge near Marciano. Here

we noted Lupins being grown as a crop, presumably for their seeds, which are a local delicacy. We also recorded

Italian Melilot (Melilotus italicus), Tunic Flower (Petrorhagia saxifraga), Osyris (Osyris alba) and Morning Glory

(Ipomaea purpurea). Blackcap and Serins were about.

In Termini, we parked and walked past Enrico’s bar, to climb up to the little church of San Constanzo. The

plants under some of the Olive groves had been sprayed, but we found some nice Naples Garlic (Allium

neapolitanum), Corn Marigold (Glebionis segetum) and Italian Figwort (Scrophularia peregrina). A new orchid species

was Provence Orchid (Orchis provincialis), of which there was a fine show, along with Bumblebee Orchid (Ophrys

bombyliflora), Pink Butterfly Orchid (Anacamptis papilionacea) and Tongue Orchid (Serapias lingua). Birds were again

quiet, apart from the ubiquitous Serin and Sardinian Warbler, although two Greenfinches were seen, and a



Crested Lark which sat briefly on a rock. It was cloudier today, and we were teased with only glimpses of the Bay

of Naples and the headlands below us.

Walking back down to Enrico’s, which was more sheltered so warmer, we dined on local mozzarella and tomato

salad, with prosciutto and home-made pickled vegetables, plus more of his freshly squeezed juice. Replete, we

then drove the short distance through the old village of Nerano and down to the sea at Marina Cantone. We

parked the vehicles behind the beach and took a sheltered and sunny path round the headland. It was a good

place for looking at seed pods, as many of the small plants had finished flowering, and we were able to compare

Cockscomb Sainfoin (Onobrychis caput-galli) with its close relatives Onobrychis aequidentata which resembles a jester’s

hat, and Spiny Sainfoin (Hedysarum spinosissimum). We walked to a ruined defence tower, glimpsing Sardinian

Warblers, Blue Rock Thrush and a Peregrine, and hearing Subalpine Warbler. However, the highlight was a

Black-eared Wheatear, seen by some on the return walk.

When we were ready, we retraced our steps to the beach, and enjoyed ice creams, looking over the sea. We then

made our way back to the hotel for the final evening and, for some, another dip in the pool.

Day 8 Wednesday 12th April

Punta Capo

As our flight was not until later today, we had time for further exploration. After a leisurely start with time to

pack, settle bills and check out, and leaving our luggage at the hotel, we used one vehicle and the hotel shuttle to

drive the short distance to the road junction at Via Capo. We took the path down towards the point, passing

initially between walls bearing such plants as the tiny Annual Bellflower (Campanula erinus). Tree Sparrows were

on an old house, so we were able to compare them with the Italian Sparrows we had been seeing, and a Hoopoe

was glimpsed at the campsite. The point contains the remains of a Roman Villa, and we were able to explore the

ruins of various rooms. Looking out to sea, we saw six Little Egrets flying by, but the biggest surprise was a flock

of about 20 Scopoli’s Shearwaters, close in. We ate our last picnic in the sun, during which a Hoopoe was also

seen in flight. It was then time to return to the hotel. A final new butterfly for the list was a Brown Argus, seen

as we were waiting for the transport back.

After a short break and with time to re-pack, we loaded the minibuses and said our farewells and thanks to the

hotel staff. We had a smooth journey back to the airport, arriving in good time for our flight back to Gatwick,

with memories and photographs of the beautiful area that is the Sorrento Peninsula.

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Species Lists

Plants (* = Very localised distribution or endemic; [ ] = Planted or Naturalised)

Please Note: Nomenclature contained within this list follows the taxonomic amendments, based on DNA analysis, made by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanic Garden, and following The Plant List, an internationally accepted list of vascular plant families, published and maintained by these two Institutions.

Scientific Name Common Name Location

PTERIDOPHYTES FERNS & ALLIES

Lycophytes Clubmosses & Quillworts

Selaginellaceae Lesser Clubmoss Family

Selaginella denticulata Mediterranean Clubmoss Punta Capo

Leptosporangiate Ferns True Ferns

Aspleniaceae Spleenwort family

Asplenium adiantum-nigrum Black Spleenwort Positano

Asplenium ceterach Rustyback Termini

Asplenium onopteris Irish Spleenwort Positano

Asplenium trichomanes subsp. quadrivalens Maidenhair Spleenwort Monte Faito

Athyriaceae Lady Fern Family

Athyrium filix-femina Lady-fern Termini

Cystopteraceae Bladder-fern Family

Cystopteris fragilis Brittle Bladder-fern Termini

Dennstaeditiaceae Bracken Family

Pteridium aquilinum Bracken Termini

Polypodiaceae Polypody Family

Polypodium cambricum Southern Polypody Termini

Polypodium interjectum Intermediate Polypody Punta di Capmanella

Pteridaceae Ribbon Fern Family

Adiantum capillus-veneris Maidenhair Fern Positano

Anogramma leptophylla Jersey Fern Positano

Cheilanthes pteridioides -

GYMNOSPERMS CONIFERS

Cupressaceae Juniper Family

[Cupressus sempervirens] Italian Cypress Planted

Juniperus phoenicea Phoenician Juniper Punta Campanella

Pinaceae Pine Family

Pinus halepensis Aleppo Pine Positano

Pinus nigra subsp. nigra Black Pine Monte Faito

[Pinus pinea] Stone or Umbrella Pine Widespread




Taxaceae Yew Family

Taxus baccata Yew Monte Faito

ANGIOSPERMS FLOWERING PLANTS

Pre-Dicots Primitive Angiosperms

Aristolochiaceae Birthwort Family

Aristolochia pallida a Birthwort Monte Faito

Lauraceae Bay Family

Laurus nobilis Bay Tree Positano

Eu-Dicots True Dicotyledons

Acanthaceae Bear's-breech Family

Acanthus mollis Bear's-breech Capri (leaves)

Adoxaceae Moschatel Family

Sambucus nigra Elderberry Roadsides

Anacardiaceae Sumach Family

Pistacia lentiscus Mastic Tree Common

Apiaceae Carrot Family

Crithmum maritimum Rock Samphire Punta Campanella

Daucus carota Wild Carrot Punta Campanella (leaves)

Elaeoselinum asclepium Elaeoselinum Positano (leaves)

Eryngium campestre Field Eryngo San Costanzo

Ferrula communis Giant Fennel Punta Gradelle

Oenanthe globosa Mediterranean Water Dropwort Marina del Cantone

Scandix pecten-veneris Shepherd's-needle Punta Campanella

Smyrnium olusatrum Alexanders Termini

Tordylium apulum Tordylium Termini

Apocynaceae Periwinkle Family

Vinca difformis Intermediate Periwinkle Monte Faito

Vinca major Greater Periwinkle Termini

Aralaceae Ivy Family

Hedera helix Ivy Termini

Betulaceae Birch Family

Alnus incana Grey Alder Monte Faito

Carpinus orientalis Eastern Hornbeam Positano

Boraginaceae Forget-me-not Family

Borago officinalis Borage Termini

Echium parviflorum Small-flowered Viper's-bugloss Capri

Echium vulgare Viper's-bugloss Positano

Glandora rosmarinifolium Rosemary-leaved Gromwell Punta Campanella

Myosotis ramosissima Early Forget-me-not San Contanzo




Brassicaceae Cabbage Family

Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Monte Faito (leaves)

Arabis caucasicus Garden Rock-cress Punta Campanella

Arabis hirsuta Hairy Rock-cress Punta Campanella

Arabis rosea Pink Rock-cress Vesuvius

Arabis turrita Tower Cress Positano

Arabis verna Spring Rock-cress Below Monte Faito

Brassica oleracea subsp. robertiana Wild Cabbage Punta Gradelle

Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd’s Purse Termini

Cardamine impatiens Cut-leaved Bitter-cress Positano

Lobularia maritima Sweet Alison Punta Gradelle

Lunaria annua Honesty Monte Faito

Matthiola incana Hoary Stock Punta Gradelle

Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. raphanistrum Wild Radish San Constanzo

Cactaceae Cactus Family

[Opuntia ficus-indica] Prickly Pear Planted

Campanulaceae Bellflower Family

Campanula erinus Annual Bellflower Punta Capo

Caprifoliaceae Honeysuckle Family

Centranthus ruber Red Valerian Punta Gradelle

Lonicera etrusca Etruscan Honeysuckle Punta Campanella (lvs)

Caryophyllaceae Pink Family

Dianthus sylvestris Wood Pink Punta Campanella

Moehringia muscosa Mossy Sandwort Monte Faito (leaves)

Petrorhagia saxifraga Tunic Flower Marciano Gorge

Silene gallica Small-flowered Catchfly Punta Campanella

Silene italica Italian Catchfly Positano

Silene latifolia White Campion Punta Campanella

Spergularia rubra Sand Spurrey San Constanzo

Stellaria media Common Chickweed Positano

Stellaria neglecta Greater Chickweed Termini

Cistaceae Rock-rose Family

Cistus creticus Pink Cistus Positano

Cistus salvifolius Sage-leaved Cistus Positano

Fumana arabica Arabian Fumana Positano

Fumana ericoides a Fumana Positano

Helianthemum nummularium Rock-rose Positano

Compositae (Asteraceae) Daisy Family

Anthemis chia - Punta Campanella

Artemisia absinthium Wormwood Punta Gradelle

Bellis perennis Daisy Monte Faito

Calendula arvensis Field Marigold Vesuvius

Centaurea cinerea* a Knapweed Punta Campanella

Centaurea parlatoris subsp. tenorei* a Knapweed Positano

Conyza bonariensis Argentine Fleabane Punta Capo

Dittrichia viscosa Stink Aster Punta Gradelle




Erigeron karvinskianus Mexican Fleabane Positano

Filago (Evax) pygmaea Evax San Constanzo

Galactites tomentosa Galactites Punta Campanella

Glebionis coronarium Crown Daisy Punta Campanella

Glebionis segetum Corn Marigold San Constanzo

Helichrysum italicum Italian Everlasting Punta Gradelle

Helichrysum rupestre an Everlasting (no smell) Punta Capo

Jacobaea maritima (Senecio cineraria) Silver Ragwort Punta Capo

Launea resediofolia Launea Punta Capo

Phagnalon rupestre Phagnalon Punta Campanella

Pulicaria odora Mediterranean Fleabane Marina del Cantone

Santolina chamaecyparissus Lavender Cotton Monte Faito

Senecio vulgaris Groundsel Termini

Sonchus arvensis Field Sowthistle Termini

Sonchus asper Prickly Sowthistle Termini

Urospermum dalechampii Urospermum Punta Campanella

Convolvulaceae Bindweed Family

Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed Positano

Convolvulus althaeoides Mallow-leaved Bindweed Punta Gradelle

Ipomoea purpurea Common Morning Glory Marciano Gorge

Crassulaceae Stonecrop Family

Sedum dasyphyllum Fat-leaved Stonecrop Positano

Sedum forsterianum Rock Stonecrop Positano

Umbilicus rupestris Wall Pennywort Termini

Cucurbitaceae White Bryony Family

Bryonia dioica White Bryony Positano

Cytinaceae Cytinus Family

Cytinus ruber Red Cytinus Positano

Ericaceae Heather Family

Erica arborea Tree Heather Punta Campanella

Euphorbiaceae Spurge Family

Euphorbia amygdaloides Wood Spurge Positano

Euphorbia characias subsp. characias Mediterranean Spurge Punta Campanella

Euphorbia dendroides Tree Spurge Common

Euphorbia helioscopia Sun Spurge Termini

Euphorbia spinosa Spiny Spurge Below Monte Faito

Mercurialis annua Annual Mercury Punta Capo

Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury Monte Faito

Fagaceae Beech Family

Castanea sativa Sweet Chestnut Monte Faito

Fagus sylvatica Beech Monte Faito

Quercus ilex Holm Oak Positano

Quercus pubescens Downy Oak Punta Capo




Gentianaceae Gentian Family

Blackstonia perfoliata Yellow-wort Punta Capo (leaves)

Geraniaceae Crane’s-bill Family

Erodium cicutarium Common Stork’s-bill San Constanzo

Erodium malacoides Mallow-leaved Stork’s-bill Punta Gradelle

Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Crane’s-bill Termini

Geranium purpureum Little Robin Termini

Geranium pyrenaicum Hedgerow Crane's-bill Capri

Geranium rotundifolium Round-leaved Crane's-bill Punta Gradelle

Lamiaceae Dead-nettle Family

Acinos arvensis Basil Thyme Punta Capo

Ajuga genevensis Blue Bugle Positano

Lamium maculatum Spotted Dead-nettle Monte Faito

Lamium purpureum Red Dead-nettle Monte Faito

Micromeria graeca a Micromeria Positano

Origanum vulgare Marjoram Positano

Prasium majus Prasium Punta Campanella

Rosmarinus officinalis Rosemary Punta Campanella

Salvia verbenaca Wild Clary Capri

Sideritis romana a Sideritis San Constanzo

Teucrium fruticans Shrub Germander Positano

Thymus polytrichus Wild Thyme Monte Faito

Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Pea Family

Anthyllis barba-jovis Jupiter's Beard Punta Campanella

Anthyllis vulneraria agg. Kidney Vetch Punta Campanella

Calycotome villosa Hairy Thorny Broom Positano

Ceratonia siliqua Carob or Locust Tree Punta Campanella

[Cercis siliquastrum] Judas Tree Planted

Coronilla scorpioides Annual Scorpion-vetch Positano

Cytisus hirsutus Hairy Broom Positano

Cytisus scoparius Broom Monte Faito

Dorycnium hirsutum Hairy Dorycnium Positano

Genista aetnensis Etna Broom Vesuvius

Hedysarum spinosissimum Spiny Sainfoin Marina del Cantone

Hippocrepis (Coronilla) emerus Scorpion Senna Punta Gradelle

Lathyrus cicera Red Pea Below Monte Faito

Lathyrus clymenum a Pea Punta Campanella

Lathyrus setifolius Red Grass Vetchling Positano

Lathyrus venetus a Spring Vetch Positano

Lotus creticus Southern Bird's-foot Trefoil Punta Campanella

Lotus edulis Edible Lotus Punta Campanella

Lotus ornithopodioides a Bird's-foot Trefoil Punta Campanella

Lotus tetragonolobus Asparagus Pea Punta Campanella

Lupinus angustifolius Narrow-leaved Lupin Punta Campanella

Medicago arabica Spotted Medick Capri

Medicago disciformis a Medick Marina del Cantone

Medicago orbicularis a Medick Punta Capo

Medicago polymorpha Toothed Medick Punta Capo

Melilotus indicus Small Melilot Marina del Cantone




Melilotus italicus Italian Melilot Positano

Onobrychis aequidentata a Sainfoin Marina del Cantone

Onobrychis caput-galli Cockscomb Sainfoin Marina del Cantone

Scorpiurus muricatus Scorpion-vetch Punta Campanella

Spartium junceum Spanish Broom Punta Campanella

Trifolium patense Red Clover Punta Capo

Trifolium repens White Clover Positano (leaves)

Trifolium stellatum Starry Clover Punta Campanella

Tripodion (Anthyllis) tetraphyllum Bladder Vetch Marina del Cantone

Vicia bithynica Bithynian Vetch Punta Campanella

Vicia sativa subsp. segetalis Common Vetch Punta Gradelle

Vicia villosa A Fodder Vetch Positano

Linaceae Flax Family

Linum bienne Pale Flax Punta Capo

Linum suffruticosum White Flax Positano

Malvaceae Mallow Family

Malva arborea Tree Mallow Punta Campanella

Malva multiflora (Lavatera cretica) Small Tree Mallow Punta Gradelle

Tilia cordata Small-leaved Lime Positano

Moraceae Mulberry Family

Ficus carica Fig Punta Campanella

Myrtaceae Myrtle Family

Myrtus communis Myrtle Punta Campanella (leaves)

Oleaceae Olive Family

Fraxinus ornus Flowering Ash Positano

Olea europaea Olive Widespread

Phillyraea latifolia - Punta Capo

Orobanchaceae Broomrape Family

Orobanche minor Common Broomrape Punta Campanella

Orobanche ramosa Branched Broomrape Punta Campanella

Parentucella latifolia Southern Red Bartsia Below Monte Faito

Oxalidaceae Wood Sorrel Family

[Oxalis pes-caprae] Bermuda Buttercup Punta Gradelle

Papaveraceae Poppy Family

Chelidonium majus Greater Celandine Vesuvius

Fumaria capreolata White Ramping Fumitory Punta Gradelle

Fumaria muralis Common Ramping Fumitory Termini

Papaver rhoeas Common Poppy Termini

Plantaginaceae Plantain Family

Antirrhinum majus Common Snapdragon Walls by roads

Antirrhinum siculum Sicilian Snapdragon Punta Gradelle

Cymbalaria muralis Ivy-leaved Toadflax Punta Capo

Linaria purpurea Purple Toadflax Positano




Miosopates orontium Weasel Snout Punta Campanella

Plantago coronopus Buck’s-horn Plantain Punta Capo

Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain Punta Capo

Plantago major Greater Plantain Punta Capo

Veronica cymbalaria Cymbalaria-leaved Speedwell Punta Campanella

Veronica persica Common Field Speedwell Monte Faito

Platanaceae Plane Family

[Platanus x hybrida] Plane Planted

Plumbaginaceae Thrift Family

Limonium sp. a Sea Lavender Punta Campanella

Polygalaceae Milkwort Family

Polygala myrtifolia - Planted

Polygala nicaeensis Nice Milkwort Positano

Polygonaceae Knotweed Family

Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima Sea Beet Punta Campanella

Rumex scutatus French Sorrel / Rubble Dock Vesuvius

Primulaceae Primrose Family

Anagallis arvensis subsp. arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel (may be blue) Punta Campanella

Cyclamen repandum Spring Sowbread Positano

Ranunculaceae Buttercup Family

Anemone apennina Blue Anemone Monte Faito

Anemone hortensis an Anemone Punta Campanella

Clematis vitalba Old Man's Beard Termini

Ficaria verna agg. Lesser Celandine Monte Faito

Helleborus foetidus Stinking Hellebore Monte Faito

Ranunculus bulbosus Bulbous Buttercup Punta Capo

Ranunculus paludosus Jersey Buttercup Capri

Resedaceae Mignonette Family

Reseda alba White Mignonette Punta Campanella

Rhamnaceae Buckthorn Family

Rhamnus alaternus Mediterranean Buckthorn Punta Gradelle

Rosaceae Rose Family

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn Termini

[Eriobotrya japonica] Japanese Loquat Marina del Cantone (planted)

Fragaria vesca Wild Strawberry Positano

Potentilla sterilis Barren Strawberry Monte Faito

Prunus avium Wild Cherry Monte Faito

Pyrus amygdaliformis Almond-leaved Pear Positano

Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose Monte Faito

Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble Termini

Sanguisorba minor Salad Burnet Capri




Rubiaceae Bedstraw Family

Galium mollugo Hedge Bedstraw Punta Capo

Galium aparine Cleavers Punta Gradelle

Rubia peregrina Wild Madder Punta Campanella

Sherardia arvensis Field Madder Capri

Valantia hispida Valantia Positano

Rutaceae Rue Family

[Citrus limon] Lemon Planted

[Citrus sinensis] Orange Planted

Salicaceae Willow Family

Populus x canadensis Hybrid Black Poplar Termini

Santalaceae Sandalwood Family

Osyris alba Osyris Marciano Gorge

Sapindaceae Maple Family

Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore Monte Faito

Saxifragaceae Saxifrage Family

Saxifraga bulbifera Bulbous Saxifrage Monte Faito (leaves)

Saxifraga rotundifolia Round-leaved Saxifrage Monte Faito (leaves)

Scrophulariaceae Figwort Family

Scrophularia peregrina Italian (Nettle-leaved) Figwort San Constanzo

Verbascum sinuatum a Mullein Positano

Verbascum thapsus Aaron’s Rod Positano

Solanaceae Nightshade Family

Solanum nigrum Black Nightshade Punta Campanella

Thymelaeaceae Daphne Family

Daphne laureola Spurge Laurel Monte Faito

Thymelaea tartonraira - Positano

Ulmaceae Elm Family

Ulmus canescens Mediterranean Elm Termini

Urticaceae Nettle Family

Parietaria judaica Pellitory-of-the-Wall Termini

Parietaria lusitanica a Pellitory-of-the-Wall Termini

Parietaria officinalis Eastern Pellitory-of-the-Wall Termini

Urtica membranacea Mediterranean Nettle Termini

Verbenaceae Vervain Family

[Lantana camera] Lantana Positano

Violaceae Violet Family

Viola alba subsp. dehnhardtii Mediterranean Violet Positano and Monte Faito

Viola pseudogracilis* a Pansy Monte Faito

Viola odorata agg. Sweet Violet Monte Faito




Monocots Monocotyledons

Amaryllidaceae Daffodil Family

Allium ampeloprasum Wild Leek Punta Campanella (leaves)

Allium neapolitanum Naples Garlic San Constanzo

Allium subhirsutum - Punta Campanella

Allium triquetum Three-cornered Leek Capri

Allium paradoxum Few-flowered Leek Termini

Allium roseum Rosy Garlic Punta Campanella

Narcissus tazetta Bunch-flowered Narcissus Capri (over)

Asparagaceae Asparagus Family

[Agave americana] Century Plant Planted

Asparagus acutifolius Prickly Asparagus Capri

Drimia (Urginea) maritima Sea Squill Punta Gradelle (leaves)

Leopoldia (Muscari) comosa Tassel Hyacinth Punta Campanella

Ornithogalum angustifolium Common Star of Bethlehem Capri

Polygonatum verticillatum Whorled Solomon's-seal Capri (leaves)

Ruscus aculeatus Butcher’s Broom Positano

Scilla bifolia Alpine Squill Monte Faito

Araceae Arum Family

Arum italicum subsp. italicum Large Cuckoo Pint Punta Campanella

Arum italicum subsp. neglectum Large Cuckoo Pint (plain leaves) Punta Campanella

Arisarum vulgare Friar's Cowl Positano

Cyperaceae Sedge Family

Carex caryophyllea Spring Sedge Positano

Dioscoreaceae Black Bryony Family

Dioscorea (Tamus) communis Black Bryony Punta Campanella

Iridaceae Iris Family

Crocus vernus Spring Crocus Monte Faito

Gladiolus italicus Field Gladiolus Punta Campanella

[Iris albicans] a White Iris Planted

Juncaceae Rush Family

Luzula campestris Good Friday Grass Monte Faito

Luzula forsteri Southern Woodrush Positano

Orchidaceae Orchid Family

Anacamptis (Orchis) papilionacea Pink Butterfly Orchid Positano

Anacamptis (Orchis) morio Green-winged Orchid Vesuvius

Anacamptis pyramidalis Pyramidal Orchid Punta Campanella

Cephalanthera longifolia Sword-leaved Helleborine Positano

Dactylorhiza sambucina Elder-flowered Orchid Monte Faito

Ophrys argolica subsp. crabronifera (O. pollinensis) - Punta Campanella

Ophrys bombyliflora Bumblebee Orchid Punta Campanella

Ophrys fuciflora Late Spider Orchid Positano

Orchis italica Naked Man Orchid Punta Campanella

Orchis pauciflora Sparse-flowered Orchid Below Monte Faito




Orchis provincialis Provence Orchid San Constanzo

Serapias lingua Tongue Orchid Punta Campanella

Poaceae Grass Family

Aegilops ovata Aegilops Marina del Cantone

Ampelodesmos mauritanicus Mauritanian Vine Reed Punta Campanella

Anisantha tectorum Drooping Brome Capri

Arundo donax Giant Reed Termini

Briza maxima Large Quaking Grass Punta Campanella

Calamagrostis epigejos Wood Small-reed Positano

Lagurus ovatus Hare’s-foot Grass Positano

Smilaceae Smilax Family

Smilax aspera Common Smilax Punta Gradelle

Xanthorrhoeaceae Asphodel Family

Asphodelus aestivus Common Asphodel Punta Campanella

Lichens - thanks to Bob Francis for this list

The woodland walk on Monte Faito in the Lattari Mountains was the best place to see the corticolous (tree growing) lichens while the ascent to the church of Santa Costanzo was rich in saxicolous (rock growing) lichens on hard limestone - the National Park of Vesuvius provided acidic rocks and volcanic ash with large swathes of Stereocaulon vesuvianum

Species Day Site and appearance

Aspicilia calcaria 2/4/7 White crustose patches on hard limestone well seen at Termini

Belonia nidarosiensis 7 Orange reddish brown patches on hard limestone

Calaplaca citrina 2/4/7 A yellow orange granular thallus with orange fruiting bodies on concrete and

hard limestone

Calaplaca ferruginea 4 Small patches of reddish fruiting bodies on tree bark

Calaplaca flavescens 2/4/7 Orange circular patches often with white centre on hard limestone

Candellariella auriella 7 On nutrient-enriched areas on calcareous substrates

Collema auriforme 7 A black jelly lichen found on hard limestone

Evernia prunastri 4 Pendant elongate lobed tufts (white underside) on pine trees

Flavoparmelia caperata 6 A yellow green foliose lichen seen on a tree trunk on Vesuvius

Flavoparmelia conspersa 6 A greenish yellow foliose lichen seen on acid rocks on Vesuvius

Hypogymnia tubulosa 4 Grey tubular foliose lobes with granular ends on tree branches

Lecanora albescens 4 Crowded collections of fruiting bodies on concrete rendering on wall

Lecanora chlarotera 4 A white thallus with ‘jam tart – like’ fruiting bodies on branches

Lecidella elaeochroma 4 Black discs on a grey brown granular thallus on twigs and branches

Lepraria incana agg. 7 Grey green powdery granules seen on bare earth, trees and rocks

Ochrolechia parella 4 A creamy crustose thallus with prominent fruiting bodies on tree bark

Opergrapha calcarea 2 A white thallus with black stellate fruiting bodies on hard limestone

Parmelia acetabulum 4 A deep green foliose lichen with a glossy surface on pine bark

Parmelia saxatilis 4 A grey foliose lichen, often with dark granular centre on tree bark

Parmelia sulcata 4 A grey foliose lichen with a wrinkled surface on tree bark

Pertusaria amara 4 A grey crustose lichen sprinkled with white dots here seen on beech

Pertusaria pertusa 4 A greenish crustose warty lichen seen in large patches on beech trees



Species Day Site and appearance

Physcia aipolia 4 A grey foliose lichen with black fruiting bodies on twigs and branches

Physcia tenella 4 A narrow-lobed ciliate lichen on twigs and branches

Pseusoevernia furfuracea 4 Pendant elongate lobed tufts (black underside) on pine trees

Punctelia subrudecta 4 A grey foliose lichen sprinkled with white patches on tree bark

Ramalina farinacea 4 A stiff tufted lichen with white granular patches on tree bark

Ramalina fastigiata 4 A stiff tufted lichen with apical discs to some lobes on tree bark

Stereocaulon vesuvianum 6 Dense mats of tufted lichen growing on acidic volcanic ash

Verrucaria baldensis 2/4/7 Irregular white patches with small black holes on hard limestone

Verrucaria nigrescens 2/4/7 Black tar-like patches on hard limestone

Xanthoria parietina 2/3/4 An orange pollution-tolerant foliose lichen on trees and metal

Birds (x – recorded but not counted; H – heard; LO – leader only)

April

Common name Scientific name 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 1

2 Scopoli's Shearwater Calonectris diomedea 20+

3 Little Egret Egretta garzetta 6

4 Common Buzzard Buteo buteo 5 2 3 1

5 Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis

6 Rock Dove [Feral] Columba livia feral

7 Common Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus 1

8 Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto

9 Tawny Owl Strix aluco LO/H H

10 Common Swift Apus apus 1

11 Eurasian Hoopoe Upupa epops LO 1 1

12 Eurasian Wryneck Jynx torquilla 1

13 Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus 1 2 1 1 1 1

14 Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus H 2 1 2 1

15 Eurasian Jay Garrulus glandarius H H H

16 Eurasian Magpie Pica pica 1 1 1 1

17 Hooded Crow Corvus cornix 1

18 Northern Raven Corvus corax 3 3 3 3 1 1

19 Coal Tit Parus ater

20 Marsh Tit Poecile palustris 2

21 Eurasian Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus

22 Great Tit Parus major 1

23 Crested Lark Galerida cristata 1

24 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica 1 6 2 LO 3

25 Eurasian Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne rupestris 1

26 Cetti's Warbler Cettia cetti H H

27 Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus 1

28 Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus H H H

29 Melodious Warbler Hippolais polyglotta 1

30 Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis 1

31 Eurasian Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla H H 1 H

32 Common Whitethroat Sylvia communis H H

33 Subalpine Warbler Sylvia cantillans 2 H

34 Sardinian Warbler Sylvia melanocephala H H H

35 Common Firecrest Regulus ignicapilla 3



April


36 Goldcrest Regulus regulus H H H

37 Eurasian Wren Troglodytes troglodytes H H H H H H H

38 Eurasian Nuthatch Sitta europaea 2

39 Short-toed Treecreeper Certhis brachydactyla 1

40 Common Blackbird Turdus merula 1

41 European Robin Erithacus rubecula 1

42 Common Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos 2

43 European Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca

44 Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros 2

45 Common Rock Thrush Monticola saxatilis 1

46 Blue Rock Thrush Monticola solitarius 1 H 1

47 Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe 1 2

48 Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe hispanica 1 1

49 House Sparrow Passer domesticus 1

50 Italian Sparrow Passer italiae

51 Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus

52 White Wagtail Motacilla alba 1

53 Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs H

54 European Greenfinch Carduelis chloris H 2

55 Red Crossbill Loxia curvirostra 3

56 European Serin Serinus serinus

Reptiles & Amphibians

1 Italian Wall Lizard Podarcis sicula

2 Western Whip Snake Coluber viridiflavus

Mammals

1 Feral Goats

Butterflies

1 Swallowtail Papilio machaon

2 Scarce Swallowtail Iphiclides podalirius

3 Southern Festoon Zerynthia polyxena cassandra

4 Large White Pieris brassicae

5 Small White Pieris rapae

6 Orange Tip Anthocharis cardamines

7 Clouded Yellow Colias crocea

8 Cleopatra Gonepteryx cleopatra

9 Brimstone Gonepteryx rhamni

10 Wood White Leptidea sinapis

11 Green Hairstreak Callophrys rubi

12 Little Blue Cupido minimus

13 Holly Blue Celastrina argiolus

14 Green-underside Blue Glaucopsyche alexis

15 Brown Argus Aricia agrestis

16 Common Blue Polyommatus icarus

17 Small Tortoiseshell Aglais urticae

18 Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta

19 Speckled Wood Pararge aegeria aegeria



April


20 Speckled Wood Pararge aegeria tircis

21 Wall Brown Lasiommata megera

Moths

Humming-bird Hawk-moth, Macroglossum stellatarum Pine Processionary Moth larval tent, Thaumetopoea pityocampa

Other Invertebrates

Red-veined Darter, Sympetrum fonscolombae Egyptian Grasshopper, Anacridium aegyptium

Fire Bug, Pyrrhocoris apterus Gendarme Ground Bug, Lygaeus saxatilis

a Beefly, Bombylius sp. a Hoverfly, Episyrphus balteatus

a Carpenter Bee, Xylocopa violaceus Honey Bee, Apis mellifera

White-tailed Bumblebee, Bombus lucorum Common Carder Bee, Bombus pascuorum

a Chafer, Oxythyrea funesta Pollen Beetle, Tropinota squalida

Harlequin Ladybird, Harmionia axyridis a Millipede, Diplopoda sp

Pill Millipede, Glomeris marginata Pill Woodlouse, Armadillium vulgare

Molluscs

White-lipped (Banded) Snail, Cepaea hortensis Roman Snail, Helix pomatia

Clausilid Snail, Papillifera bidens

Yellow-legged Gull by Jessica Turner

Documents

Italy - The Sorrento Peninsula - Naturetrek Wildlife Holidays · Punta Campanella We woke to a ... Italy - The Sorrento Peninsula Tour Report ... on a rocky outcrop, we recorded the