N

E

S

W

religion

technology

government

geography

people

economy

power shifts

influ

ence

s

determines

affects

drives

influences

-territory-empire-east/west/central-north/south

-nationality-ruler-structure-politics

-religious leader (pope)

-trade-agriculture-structure

-machinery-transportation

-culture-dress-language-rank-literacy-population-health

the dark ages400-1000

the communes1000-1300

renaissance italy1300-1494

stagnation and reform1494-1789

italy in the middle ages: overview

N

E

S

W

religion

technology

government

geography

people

economy

power shifts

influ

ence

s

determines

affects

drives

influences

-clearance of ancient forests

-“municipia”, semi-independant cities-Odoacer emperor of Roman Empire, marks fall of Western Roman Empire-invasion by Ostrogoths, Gothic Wars

-Lombards converted to Christianity-Pope sought aid from Franks

-slavery declines, rise in labour mobility-wheat-growing estates “latifundia”-selling rye and other cereals -basic network of roads

-resevoirs, water towers, mills-silver, lead and sulphur manufactured

-urban population decreasing-wide-spread famine-Lombards adapting indigenous customs-high literacy rate among higher ranks-mainly Greek culture

the dark ages400-1000

the communes1000-1300

the dark ages (400-1000)

410.

vis

igot

hs

sack

rom

e47

6. fa

ll of

wes

tern

rom

an e

mpi

re49

3. o

stra

goth

s tak

e

cont

rol o

f ita

ly52

7. ju

stin

ian

beco

mes

eas

tern

rom

an e

mpe

ror

552.

just

inia

n re

stor

es

rom

an ru

le in

ital

y56

8. lo

mba

rd c

onqu

est

of n

orth

ern

italy

639.

mus

lim a

rmie

s

conq

uer s

outh

ern

terr

itorie

s of b

yzan

tine

empi

re

726.

byz

antin

e em

pero

r

leo

III o

rder

all

icon

s

in b

yzan

tine

empi

re

dest

roye

d

800.

cha

rlem

agne

,

king

of f

rank

s, cr

owne

d

‘em

pero

r of t

he w

est’

by

pope

leo

III i

n ro

me

962.

otto

the

grea

t

crow

ned

empe

ror,

mar

king

beg

inni

ng o

f

holy

rom

an e

mpi

re

N

E

S

W

religion

technology

government

geography

people

economy

power shifts

influ

ence

s

determines

affects

drives

influences

-breakdown of centralized political control-creation of independant communes-land cleared with new urgency-cities expanded, constant enlargement of town walls-Florence population: 1000 increased to 100,000

-autonomous cities “communes”-pushing towards autonomy

-church losing power to communes-papacy controlled by local noble families

-extensive trade-trade in spices extremely profitable-Venice trades salt, lacks agricultural resources-southern ports declining, taxes

-temples and civic buildings abandoned or used as quarries-grid patterns in streets-art/architecture used as propoganda

-increased population-allies between milites (military family) and popolo (social groups)-consortie: allied families-merchants, artisans, money-lenders

the communes1000-1300

renaissance italy1300-1494

the communes (1000-1300)

1018

. bul

garia

bec

omes

part

of b

yzan

tine

empi

re

1071

. bat

tle b

etw

een

mus

lim

selju

k tu

rks u

nder

alp

ars

lan

and

byza

ntin

e ar

my

unde

r

rom

anus

IV d

ioge

nes;

selju

ks

win

and

take

mos

t of a

sia

min

or

from

byz

antin

es10

81. a

lexi

us I

com

nenu

s

beco

mes

em

pero

r

1261

. con

stan

tinop

le is

reca

ptur

ed b

y by

zant

ine

empe

ror m

icha

el p

alae

olog

us

N

E

S

W

religion

technology

government

geography

people

economy

power shifts

influ

ence

s

determines

affects

drives

influences

-peninsula continually fragmented

-temporary dictator, podesta appointed-signoris rule communes-Medici holds control over government

-decline in authority of papacy-pope arrested regarding taxation-plague and insecurities results in reestablishment of papacy as major political force

-small artisan workshops-black death, economy slows

-practical education, letter writing, accounting

-few unskilled workers-huge merchant and artisinal class-civic life full of rituals and processions-Medici prominent family in Florence

renaissance italy1300-1494

stagnation and reform1494-1789

renaissance italy (1300-1494)

1303

. nad

ir ca

me

whe

n po

pe

boni

face

VII

I was

arr

este

d on

orde

r of f

renc

h ki

ng a

fter q

uarr

el

over

taxa

tion

of c

lerg

y

1348

. bla

ck d

eath

pla

gues

italy 1447

. ele

ctio

n of

nic

olas

V

as p

ope

1453

. tur

ks c

aptu

re

cons

tant

inop

le; f

all

of b

yzan

tine

empi

re

N

E

S

Wreligion

technology

government

geography

people

economy

power shifts

influ

ence

s

determines

affects

drives

influences

-sequence of wars rocked peninsula

-leading families of city states had superiority in late 15th century-French and Spanish domesticatednobility and acquired new lands

-sacking of rome gave rise tomilitant era of catholic reform

-increase in industry and agrictulture-nobility increased agricultural outputby founnding new towns-textile industry flourished-growth in banking-improvement in land and sea communcations

-invention of new water-powered mill-began silk manufacturing

-art and culture spread north-increase in population-increase in tourism-return of plague; fall in population

stagnation and reform (1494-1789)

1499

. lou

is X

II a

ttack

s sfo

rza

duch

y15

27. r

ome

swac

ked

by im

peria

l

troo

ps

1519

. cha

rles V

took

impe

rial

title 1261

. con

stan

tinop

le is

reca

ptur

ed b

y by

zant

ine

empe

ror m

icha

el p

alae

olog

us

stagnation and reform1494-1789

1630

-1. p

lagu

e re

turn

ed, d

rop

in p

opul

atio

n

1530

. flo

renc

e fe

ll to

impe

rial

forc

es; i

ncre

ase

in p

opul

atio

n

follo

win

g bl

ack

deat

h