It is application of interconnected set of principles and methods to

minimize the problem caused by insects, diseases, weeds and others

agricultural pests.

What is IPM?

Pest protection technique.

Bio-control methods

Pest attractants and repellants

Synthetic organic pesticides

Cultural practices in cultivation

Pest monitoring methods

Pest resistant plant varieties

Use of Bio-pesticides

Weather data for prediction of

pest attack

IPM Techniques Includes

1. Cultural method

• Tillage Practices

• Sanitation and Weed Control

• Destruction of Crop Residues

• Sowing time and Spacing

• Land Preparation and Fertilizer Management.

• Water Management

Land Preparation

Tools of IPM

Weed Control

1. Cultural method

• Pest Resistant Varieties

Rice: IR-20, Vani Cultivar resistant to Leaf hopper.

Mango: Baneshan, Neeleshan Cultivar resistant to Leaf Hoppers.

Tomato: BT-1, T-32, T-27 Cultivar resistant to Fruit borer.

j. Crop Rotation

Rice- Legume- Vegetables (Rice gall midge)

Sugarcane/ Chilies- Tobacco (White ants)

k. Use of Trap Crop

Main Crop Trap crop Pest

Cucurbit Sun hemp Fruit Fly

Vegetable Marigold Nematode

Insects are directly hit by mechanical devices and lifecycle is hampered

• Hand picking

• Beating and hooking

• Sieving and winnowing

• Clipping

• Using nets and bag nets

• Swatting and crushing

• Brushing and sweeping

• Burning, Flooding and draining Flooding Practice to Control Pest

2.Mechanical Methods

• Sound: Ultrasonic waves

• Heat and Radiation

• Cold and Moisture

• Light: light trap

• Air Pressure: increasing

Carbon di-oxide in store house

3. Physical Methods

Light Trap

a. Use of Botanical Insecticides

Pyrethrin from Chrysanthemum

Nicotine from Tobacco

Azadirachtin from Neem

Rotenone from Derris elliptica

4. Chemical Method

Mustard oil / Turmeric powder water: MosquitoFire / smoke: MosquitoDimethyl Phthalate: Insect

Mustard Oil Turmeric Powder

b. Repellants

Examples: Diflubenzuron, Triflumuron, Azadirachtin, etc.

c. Insect Growth Regulators

d. Chemical Insecticide

Allomones: Ants, bees and beetles.

Kairomones: Hymenoptera

Pheromones: Noctuidera, Lepidoptera,

Homoptera, etc.

Natural Food Lures:Floral scents: Nectar Feeding Pest

Essential oils: Phytophagus Insect

Decomposing products: Scavengers

f. New Generation Chemicals Neonicotinoides Formamidines Nereistoxin

Avermectins Pyrrole Quinazoline

e. Insect Attractant

Pheromone Trap

a. Predator: Birds, Snakes and other Reptiles

b. Parasitoids: Trichogramma, Cotesia, Isotima, etc.

c. Pathogens

i. Ingested microbes:

•Bacteria: Bacillus, Psedomonas, etc.

•Viruses: Nuclear & Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus

•Protozoa: Adelina triboli, Muttesia, etc.

ii. Penetrating microbes

•Fungi: Aspergillus, Verticillium, etc.

•Nematodes: Tripius, Mermis, etc.

5. Biological Methods

a. Identification of Parasites/Pathogens/Predators: e.g. Lady Bird

Beetle, Mexican Beetle

b. Monitoring genetic variation in natural enemy population: e.g.

BT Cotton, BT Brinjal, etc.

c. Production of transgenic plants: e.g. Tomato, Brinjal, etc.

d. Create Pesticide resistance in Bio-control agent

e. Genetic engineering of beneficial organisms

6. Biotechnological Methods