“It is always darkest just before the day dawneth.” - Thomas Fuller, 1650English Theologian & historian

What does this

mean?

How does Fuller’s quote relate to the Renaissance?

The Italian Renaissance1300-1650

Chapter 1 Section 1

Raphael's School of Athens

The Black Death

The Black Death is estimated to have killed 30% to 60% of Europe's population

Bubonic plague- 4 out of 5 people who contracted the disease died within 8 days (most common in the BD)

Pneumonic- lungs. 90-95% mortality rate

Septicemic –bowels. mortality rate close to 100%

World’s population went from 450 million to between 350 and 375 million in 1400

Early 14th century - late 15th century:Early 1300s to late 1400s

I. Background

Black Plague Renaissance

Regions had to trade what they didn’t produce

More Trade More Communication

Decrease in population led to:–Increase in food production (Less People More Food)

-Decline in food prices

– More money to spend

– Specialization in products-growing the right foods in the right climates

Where’s the action?Venice (trade) Milan (food, silk and weapons) Florence (banking)

Time out! Think, Pair, Share why do you think that these cities in particular flourished during the Renaissance? Hint: Geography matters!!!!

High Rollas!!!!Nobles (members of the Royal Court)Merchants (bankers) Artisans (crafts, painting, goldsmith)

II. Key Places During the Renaissance

III. Key Groups: Wealth

Show Me The Money!Conspicuous Consumption: With the

acquisition of money merchants and nobles wanted to display their new wealth.

=Lady With An Ermine- da Vinci

More Money= More Free TimeRenaissance (French for “rebirth”)- sustained

period of renewed interests and remarkable developments in learning and expressionart literature science

Was also a revival of the human spirit (the human capacity to create and achieve)

Causes of the RenaissanceIncreased trade with Asia and other regions as a result of the CrusadesGrowth of large, wealthy city-states in Italy

Renewed interest in the classical learning of ancient Greece and RomeRise of rich and powerful merchants, who became patrons of the arts

Desire to beautify cities

Increased desire for scientific and technical knowledge

Ancient Rome’s Colosseum

The Humanism FactorStressed a good education: rhetoric grammar poetry history Latin and Greek (languages)

**aka “the humanities” Writers wrote in the vernacular (everyday language of the people)

as opposed to the academic Latin.

What were some important new ideas/ trends of the Renaissance? How was lifechanging?

Possible Answers: Inspiration from the ancient Greeks and RomansHumanismSecular focusNew theories in science

and think about

what we have

learned so far

VI. PoliticsAfter periods of war the church no longer served as a

source of stability. People became more secularAttitudes about politics were also changing. Best examples were Thomas More’s Utopia and Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince

The PrinceEncourage harsh treatment of citizens and rival states.Advised rulers to separate morals from politics.Power and ruthlessness are more useful than idealismEnd justifies the means.State was an entity in itself, separate from its ruler

Machiavelli

VII. ScienceAlong with the humanities there was also an

increased interest in astronomy, anatomy and other sciences. Galileo Galilei and Nicolas Copernicus- challenged the Church’s teachings and declared that the Earth was not the center of the universe (geocentrism) and that it actually revolved around the Sun (heliocentrism)Galileo was placed under

house arrest by church officials for expressing his views

Why would the church place someone that was teaching something that didn’t align with their teachings under house arrest?

Galileo- “Father of Modern Science”

Scientific Information Humanists searched archives,

Arab translations for classical texts

Discovered a wealth of scientific information

•Scientific Challenges• Science soon became important avenue of inquiry• Church’s teachings about the worldwere challenged, particularly the belief that the Earth was the center of universe•Natural World• Focus of Renaissance on human sciences, history, politics, geography• New ideas about natural worldbegan to be explored by new methods, specifically empirical which learning by “doing” not “reading”

•Earth, Sun• Nicholas Copernicus said

Sun was center of universe• Galileo Galilei arrested by

church officials for saying Earth orbited Sun

VIII. Renaissance Art!!!!In the past, medieval artists were commissioned by the

church so most works were anonymous and religious. Why would they be anonymous?

With the acquisition of assets, the wealthy competed against each other by buying art. (Medici=Rockefeller)

Gave huge sums of money to help support the arts.

Not looking for recognition, serving God, not themselves.

Renaissance artists wanted to paint the natural world as realistically as possible.

More Renaissance Art!!!!Medieval Art Renaissance ArtReligious Things found in nature

Three-dimensional objects on flat surfacesMore detail to human anatomyPerspective

Not as focused on real life depiction

Both of these works are of Mary and Jesus. Left (Medieval) Right (Renaissance) What differences do you see?

Madonna of the Rocks- da VinciGiotto’s Madonna and

child

The GreatsLeonardo da Vinci self -portrait1. Painter

a. The Last Supperb. The Mona Lisa

2. Writer3. Architect4. Engineer5. Mathematician6. Musician7. Philosopher

Michelangelo Buonarroti1. Sculptora. The Pieta

1.) shows Mary, mother of Jesus, holding her son after his death

2.) communicates the themes of grief, love, acceptance, and immortality

David

1.) 13 foot marble statue – impressive

2.) unsurpassed representation of the human form – suppressed energy, depth of expression

Minus

the fig

Leaf

Michelangelo (con’t.)2. Painter

a. Most famous for his artwork on the ceiling of the Sistene Chapel in Rome – art historians consider this one of the greatest achievements in the history of painting due to the personalized characterization of Biblical figures

b. Created sweeping scenes from the Old Testament of the Bible.

*Creation of Adam, below

iii. Raffaello Sanzio1. aka Raphael2. Painter

a. The School of Athens 1.)his most famous work 2.)Fresco: painting

made on fresh, moist plaster

3.) Shows Plato and Aristotle surrounded by philosophers from the past and the present ====

b. Also known for his paintings of the Madonna, or mother of Jesus

iv. Donato Bramante

1. Famed architect – Renaissance architecture reached its height with him.

2. the chosen/ preferred architect of Rome

3. His design of St. Peter’s Basilica influenced the appearance of many smaller churches.