IT in Modern Organization

8/9/2019 IT in Modern Organization

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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN

MODERN ORGANIZATIONS


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IS Department, FSKSM,UTM

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

Discuss major information

systems (IS) concepts

such as architecture &

infrastructure

Describe the hierarchical

structure of organizations

and the corresponding IS

Describe the support

provided to different types

of employees in an

organization

Describe how information

resources are managed


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Information Infrastructure :

The physical facilities, services, and management that

support all organizational computing resources. Computer hardware

General-purpose software

Networks and communications facilities

Databases

Information management personnel

Fundamental Concepts


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Information Systems

Function

Turban, McLean & Wetherbe. 2004. Information Technology forManagement. 4th Edition. John Wiley & Sons


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Information Infrastructure :Defines integration, operation,

documentation, maintenance,

and management of computingresources

Defines how specific computing

resources are arranged,operated, and managed



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Information Architecture: High-level plan that details:

The organizations informationrequirements

The way these requirements arebeing satisfied.

Incorporates informationrequirements, existing and planned

information infrastructure andsoftware applications.

Helps ensure that the organizationsIT meets the organizations strategicbusiness needs.


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The IT architecture of an E-business


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Types of IS : An Overview

a. Transaction Processing System

b. Management Information System

c. Support Systemsd. Intelligent Systems

e. End- User Computing

f. Knowledge Management Systemg. Data Warehouse

h. Mobile Computing


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a. Transaction Processing System: Support/perform/automates

routine business events.

Collect, store, process, anddisseminate basic businesstransaction data.

Provide foundation data for manyother systems.

May be complex andsophisticated. Essential to business success

today

Point-of-Sale (POS)


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b. Management Information Systems:

Support routine decision making

Access, organize, summarize, and displayinformation.

Emphasize routine reporting on known and

anticipated issues. Also, answer queries and forecast trends


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c. Support SystemOffice Automation System : such as word

processing systems were developed to support office

and clerical workers.

Decision Support Systems: support complex, non-routine managerial decision makers Executive Information Systems support higher-level

managers Group Support Systems employ Groupware to support

people working in groups


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d. Intelligent Support System (ISSs): Include expertsystems which provide the stored knowledge ofexperts to non-experts, and a new type ofintelligent systems with machine- learning

capabilities that can learn from historical cases.

e. End- user computing: The use or development ofinformation systems by the principal users of the

systems outputs, such as analysts, managers,and other professionals.


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f. Knowledge Management Systems: Support the

creating, gathering, organizing, integrating and

disseminating of an organization knowledge.

g. Data Warehousing: A data warehouse is a database

designed to support DSS, ESS and other analytical

and end-user activities.


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h. Mobile Computing: Information systems

that support employee who are working

with customers or business partnersoutside the physical boundaries of their

companies; can be done over wire line or

wireless networks


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First, consider how organizations are structured: Typically by functional departments Frequently in a hierarchyMay be by project or in a matrix structure

Information Systems in an organization: are developed to support the way the organization is

structured. consist of numerous applications (system developed

for a specific purpose) Applications and systems can support

Individuals / teams Departments Divisions/Units Entire enterprise

How IS Support Organizations


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IS support needed by peopledepends on their role in theorganization. Top managers make strategic

decisionsMiddle managers make

tactical decisions Line managers make

operations decisions

Knowledge workers createand integrate knowledge Clerical workers use and

manipulate information

Executive Information

System

ManagementInformation System

Decision SupportSystem

Knowledge WorkerSystem

TransactionProcessing System


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How Information Resources are

Managed in Organizations

Information resources encompass many things, including

Hardware (computers, servers, other devices)

Software (development tools, languages, applications)

Databases

Networks (local area, wide area, Internet, intranet)

Procedures

Physical buildings

Resources are very costly; proper management is essential.

Responsibility for information resources shared by IS Department and end users.

Organizations must determine who is responsible for planning, purchasing, developing, and maintaininginformation resources.


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Role of the IS Department

Shifting from technical to managerial orientation.

Increasing focus on adding strategic value to the organization.

As IS is challenged to add strategic value, management of IS

becomes more complex.

Chief Information Officer (CIO) heads IS in many organizations.


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Summary

Information Systems are classified by type (TPS, MIS,Support, Intelligent).

Information Architecture details information requirements

and how those requirements are being and will besatisfied. Information Infrastructure comprised of all facilities,

services, and management that supports all computingresources.

Information Systems are designed to support theorganizations structure. Management of IS resources is joint responsibility of IS

Dept. and end users.

Documents

IT in Modern Organization