isxy, idys;H ridiajdoh - edupub.gov.lk

i

isxy,

idys;H ridiajdoh

10-- ¡ 11 fYa%‚

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

ii

m<uqjk uqøKh 2014

fojk uqøKh 2015

f;jk uqøKh 2016

isõjk uqøKh 2017

miajk uqøKh 2018

yhjk uqøKh 2019

y;ajk uqøKh 2020

ish¨ ysñlï weúßKs

ISBN 978-955-25-0392-4

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska

mdk¿j" mdÿlal msysá rcfha uqøK kS;s.; ixia:dfõ

uqøKh lrjd m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,È'

Published by: Educational Publications DepartmentPrinted by: State Printing Corporation, Panaluwa, Padukka.

iii

Y%S ,xld cd;sl .Sh

Y%S ,xld ud;d

wm YS% ,xld" kfuda kfuda kfuda kfuda ud;d

iqkaor isßnßkS" iq/¢ w;s fidanudk ,xld

OdkH Okh fkl u,a m,;=re msß ch N+ñh ruHd

wmyg iem isß fi; iokd Ôjkfha ud;d

ms<s.kq uek wm Nla;s mQcd

kfuda kfuda ud;d


Tn fõ wm úoHd -

Tn u h wm i;Hd

Tn fõ wm Yla;s -

wm yo ;=< Nla;s

Tn wm wdf,dafla -

wmf.a wkqm%dfKa

Tn wm Ôjk fõ -

wm uqla;sh Tn fõ

kj Ôjk foñfka ks;sk wm mqnqÿ lrka ud;d

{dk ù¾h jvjñk /f.k hkq uek ch N+ñ lrd

tl ujlf. ore le, neúkd

huq huq ù fkdmud

fm%au jvd ieu fNao ÿ/r Þ kfuda kfuda ud;d


iv

v

vii

kshdukh yd wëlaIKh -ví,sõ' tï' chka; úl%ukdhl

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a"

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

fufyhùu ví' ta' ks¾u,d mshiS,s wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßiaa îxj¾Ok& wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

iïnkaëlrKh m%.S;sld chfialr ksfhdacH flduidßiaa wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

iydh iïnkaëlrKh ta'ù' Èf,ald y¾I‚ wurfiak ixj¾Ok ks,OdÍ wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

f,aLl uKav,h

1' ví,shq' ta' wfíisxy m%ùK f,aLl

2' ir;a ks;,j -----.=re fiajh

l=,s$l=,shdmsáh uOH uyd úoHd,h" l=,shdmsáh

3' Wfml,d w;=fldar< iyldr lÓldpd¾h

isxy, wxYh" fld<U úYajúoHd,h

ixialdrl uKav,h

1' wdpd¾h iaj¾Kd by<.u fcHaIaG lÓldpd¾h le,‚h úYajúoHd,h

2' ã' ví,sõ' Èidkdhl fcHaIaG lÓldpd¾h cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

3' mS'à'tï' r;akdhl lÓldpd¾h cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

4' m%.S;sld chfialr ksfhdacH flduidßia wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j fidaÿm;a lshùu

l,Hd‚ úfÊiqkaor lÓldpd¾h fld<U úYajúoHd,h

msgljr ks¾udKh

1' fÊ'tÉ' ufkdaßld ms%hx.kS mß.Kl ;dlaI‚l iydhl" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

mß.Kl wlaIr ixfhdackh

1' tia'ù'Ô' trx.d È,arelaIs mß.Kl ;dlaI‚l iydhl" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

2' fk,ald m%idÈks mß.Kl ;dlaI‚l iydhl" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

viii

NdIdj Wmfhda. lr .ksñka rih ckkh lrk l,dj" idys;Hh f,i

ye¢kafjhs' th yqfola NdId úl%uhla muKla fkdj udkj Ôú;fha úúO

me;slv ksrEmKh lrk udOHhls' idys;Hh ks¾udKh" ri úkaokh yd

úpdrh hk lafIa;% ;=klska iukaú; nj we;eï úpdrlfhda mji;s' ri

úkaokh idys;Hh mßYS,kfhka ,eìh yels m%;s,dNhls'

2015 j¾Ifha isg ls%hd;aul flfrk kj úIh ks¾foaYhg wkql+,j 10-11

fYa%‚ i|yd iïmdokh flfrk fï idys;H ridiajdoh fm<fmd; Tng tu

m%;s,dNh w;a m;a lr §u wruqKq lr f.k we;' cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

úiska iïmdÈ; b.ekaùï wkql%uh mokï lr f.k fuys f,aLk fm< .iajd

;sfí'

ks¾ÈIag idys;Huh WoaOD; o ta WoaOD; ms<sn| iy tajdfha l;=jreka ms<sn|

ixlaIsma; úia;r o fuys wka;¾.; fõ' tfuka u m<uqjk mßÉfþoh f,i

kQ;k idys;Hdx. jk flál;dj" kjl;dj iy kQ;k isxy, lúh ms<sn|

ye¢kaùï lsysmhla Tnf.a wOHhk myiqj ms‚i tl;= lr we;' wdrïNfha

§ u idys;H ridiajdoh ms<sn| ixlaIsma; ú.%yhla o fuys we;=<;a fõ'

wod< idys;Huh WoaOD; ri úkaokhg uÕ fmkajk wNHdi lsysmhlska o

iukaú; fï fm< fmd;" wOHhkfha § Tfí .=rejrekaf.a iy jeäysáhkaf.a

iydh wjYH wjia:dj, úfgl ,nd .ekSu jeo.;a fõ' WoaOD;j, wka;¾.;

we;eï ÿrjfndaO jpk i|yd wre;a meyeÈ,s lsÍï we;=<;a lr ;sîu Tng

myiqjla fj;ehs woyia lruq'

idys;H riúkaokh weiqfrka uki ÈhqKq lr f.k ixfõ§ ñksil= f,i

iudchg msúfikakg Tng yels fõjdZhs iqNdYxikh lruq'

fï fmd; iïmdokfha § iydh oela jQ ish¨ fokd f.!rjfhka isysm;a lrk

w;r uydpd¾h frdaysKS mrKú;dk uy;añhg wmf.a úfYaI ia;+;sh ysñ fõ'

ixialdrl uKav,h

ixialdrl igyk

ix

mgqk

msgq wxl

idys;H ridiajdoh 1

1 kQ;k idys;Hdx. lsysmhla 4

² flál;dj 4

² kjl;dj 7

² kQ;k mµ 10

2 l=i cd;lh 13

3 iqNdIs;h 52

4 fjila myk 61

5 ;=xux yxÈh 69

6 ck lú 71

7 hq;=lu 77

8 W;=frka 79

9 wd.ka;=l i;aldrh 81

10 we;a .df,a ore fmu 83

11 jeys j,d l=< 87

12 w¨; f.kd ukd,sh 89

13 kkao f;reka jykafiaf.a jia;=j 91

14 je,mSu 102

15 Woh 110

16 jeiai 112

17 mq;= bmÿKq fï forfKa 114

18 Èidm;s lduf¾ § h 116

19 uÕ 118

20 ldka;dr .ul Wm; 120

1fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

wm Ôj;a jk f,dalfhys mj;akd

wdrïNh fyda wjidkh fyda fuf;lehs

ksYaph l< fkd yels hï lsisjla we;akï

ta w;r idys;Hh o fjhs' idys;Hfha

uq," udkj j¾.hdf.a b;sydifha wE;g

Èfjhs' idys;Hfha jmißh" uq¿ uy;a

Or‚ ;,fhka w;súYd, fldgila jid

f.k isáhs'

isxy, idys;H b;sydih úuiSfï § th

wju jYfhka wjqreÿ fo oyila j;a

blaujk nj fmfka' ta wre;ska" wm

i;= j we;s iqúi,a idys;Hh w.kd Ok

ksOdkhla jeks h'

isxy, idys;Hh o we;=¿ f,dal

idys;Hfhka úYd, fldgila" f,aLk

.;j we;' ;j;a fldgila" ckY%e;s

f,i w,sÅ;j ;sfí' tlS ,sÅ; iy

w,sÅ; idys;Hh l=ula i|yd o@ ljr

wruqKla Wfoid o@ ljr wNsu;d¾:hla

isoaO lrkq i|yd o@

ta m%Yakj,g Èh yels flá ksh;

ms<s;=rla we;' ta ms<s;=r kï" muK

fuf;lehs msßis| lsj fkd fyk"

udkj j¾.hd i;= fï iqúi,a idys;Hh

mj;skafka" wka lsisjla Wfoid fkd j"

wdiajdoh Wfoid u nj h'

wdiajdoh" wdiajdokh" ridiajdoh"

ridiajdokh hk fhÿïj,ska f;drj

f,dfõ lsis u rgl" lsis u oehl" lsis

u j.l" idys;Hhla .ek l;d l< fkd

fyhs'

“wdiajdo” hk jok" Y%S iqux., Yío

fldaIfhys,d je,súáfha fidar; ysñ

úiska f;areï lrkq ,nkafka u;=

oelafjk mßÈ h'

“^ri& ú£u" iemh'”tfia u" tysñfhda “wdiajdok” hk jok"

“ri ú| .ekSu” f,iska myod fo;s'

“ridiajdo” hk jok ielfikafka"

“ri - wdiajdo” hk joka oajh tla

ùfuks' ta wkqj ridiajdo hkq" ri ú|

.ekSu h¦ fjk;a jpkj,ska lsj fyd;a"

ridiajdoh hkq idys;H ks¾udKhl ri

ú| .ekSu h'

.oH - moH - pïmq hk f,iska o"

kjl;d - flál;d - kdgH - .S; hk

f,iskaa o úúOdldr jk idys;Hh" wm

úiska mßyrKh lrkq ,eìh hq;= jkafka

thska èjks; jk rih ú|.ekSug hs'

fuys § ridiajdoh hk jok" jvd;a

mq¿,a f,i ú.%y lr .ekSu w;HjYH

fõ' idys;H ks¾udKhl ri ú£u

jkdyS udkisl l%shdj,shls' fjk;a

wdldrhlg lsj fyd;a" lsis hï idys;H

ks¾udKhla" wOHhkh lsÍfuka

miqj wm n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka" tu.ska

lsis hï idys;Huh rihla w;a ú£u hs'

ke; fyd;a wm is;a i;ka wdkkaofhka

m%{dj lrd f.k hdu hs'

tlS idys;H ri úkaokh fya;= fldg

f.k wm is;ays we;s jk úm¾hdih

fln÷ o@ ta úm¾hdih y÷kajk úfYAI

jokla idys;H úpdrfhys i|yka h'

idys;H ridiajdoh

2 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

tkï" pu;aldrh hs' “pu;aldrh” hkq"

flfkl=f.a is; u;a lrk .=Kh

muKla fkd fõ' idys;H lD;shla

lshùfuka miqj" tys i|yka fmr fkd jQ

úrE fohla ms<sn|j úiauhla wm ;=< yg

.kshs' pu;aldrh kï jkqfha" ta úiauh

hs' ish¨ u rihkaf.a yrh pu;aldrh

fj;ehs lshk ,oafoa tfyhsks'

ta wkqidrfhka is;k úg" idys;H

lD;shla ri ú¢h hq;af;a" Bg fmr wm

úiska fkd ,nk ,o w¨;a m%;s,dNhla

,nd .ekSug neõ" fmkS hhs' Wiia

idys;H ks¾udKhla ri ú£fuka

miqj - th kjl;dj" flál;dj"

lúh" kdglh wdÈ fldg .;a ljrla

jqj o - wdOHd;añl jYfhka wm u|la

bÈßhg f.dia we;s neõ" wmg u yeÕS

hkq we;' is; msÍ .sh njla" úiauhg

m;a jQ njla" wmg oefkkag fjhs' túg"

Tn w¨;a jQ njla" Tng u oefkkq we;'

tlS ish¨ u úm¾hdihka fya;= fldg

f.k" Tn is;a ;=< idys;H ixl,amkd

mjd my< jkq we;' tmuKla fkdj

Ñ;a;dNHka;rh ixfõ§ njg m;aj

;sfí' fyd| idys;H ks¾udK úiska

Tnj Wiia ri úkaokhla lrd le|jd

f.k hkq ,nkafka tf,isks'

fyd| idys;H lD;shla ri ú£u fya;=

fldg f.k Tn ;=< isÿ jkakd jQ fï

fjki" w;ska w,a,d .; yels - iam¾Yfhka

y÷kd.; yels - fk;ska oelsh

yels - fN!;sl m%;s,dNhla fkd fõ'

idys;H ridiajdofhka ,nk rih

wf,!lsl hhs o w;Skaøsh hhs o lshk

,oafoa tfyhsks' idys;H ri úkaokh

jkdys" bkaøshhka blaujk m%;s,dNhls'

bkaøshkaf.ka mila lr .; fkd yels

jQ ksid u" idys;Hh ;=< lsisjla ke;ehs

hful=g mejish yels h' kuq;a idys;Hh"

iEu wjia:dfõ u msÍ we;af;a h' iys;

nj u idys;H fj;ehs ^“iys;iHNdjx

idys;Hï”& lshk ,oafoa tfyhsks'

b;d ieflúka lsj fyd;a - idys;Hh

hkq Tnf.a yoj; fmdaIKh lrk

Okhls' Wiia idys;H lD;shla

mßYS,kfhka ,nk wdiajdoh fyj;a

rih" wdOHd;añl jQ u m%;s,dNhls' uq¿

uy;a f,dal idys;Hh u wdOHd;añl

Okhla jkafka tlS wre;sks'

Wla; lreKq weiqfrka jgyd .; hq;=

uQ,sl ldrKhla we;af;a h' tkï"

idys;Hh mj;skafka" úkaokh i|yd u

nj h' fojeks merl=ïndjka" iajlSh

uyd ldjHh jk lõis¿ñK wrUk

whqre Bg ksoiqka h'

“iriúh neüfilaks - fj;ajd lsú ofkda

fmfoys riyõ ú÷kd - fofk;d b;d

ÿ,fnda”

iriúhf.a ne¨ï ud;%hlska jqj"

flfkl= lúhl= jkq we;' tfy;a

lúfhys ri Ndj ú¢k ck;dj kï"

b;d ÿ,n h'

idys;H ks¾udKhl ri ú| .ekSu" tlS

ks¾udKh ìys lsÍug;a jvd wmyiq

nj;a th b;d jákd nj;a uy lú

merl=ïndjka úiska meyeÈ,s lrk

,oafoaa tjka w;sYfhdala;shlsks' tfia

jqj o th ienEjls' idys;H ri úkaokh

- jdikdjla fyj;a jdikd .=Khla

neõ" tu .Sfhkaa mejfihs'

iajlSh lú YslaIdj kue;s lD;sfhys,d

uqksodi l=udr;=x. fufia mejiS h'

“hula lshjQ l,e" weiQ l,e" ú,sìh

we;shjqkg rihla oefka kï" ta

lúfhls'”


tneúka idys;Hfha úkaokh hkak wm

is;kjdg jvd .eUqre fohla neõ" Tng

wjfndaO jkq we;' fld;rï ixlS¾K

fyd| idys;H lD;shla mßYS,kfhka

wm ú¢k rih - ,nk pu;aldrh - is;

msßisÿ lsÍug fya;= ^ldrl& jkafka h'

.S%l niska “l;disia” (Catharsis) hkqfjka ye¢kafjk jok Tn y÷kd

.; hq;= h' tlS jpkh uy.;alre

ud¾áka úl%uisxy úiska wre;a .kajkq

,nkafka “Ndj úf¾pkh” lshd h'

Ndj úf¾pkh hkq" isf;ys we;s jk

rd. fodai fudayd§ flf,ia u, fidaod

yeÍu h' .S%l úpdrlhkaa “l;disia” hk

jok fhÿfõ" .S%l fYdal kdglfhka

fm%alaIlhdf.a yoj; ;=< we;s jk fjki

myod §ug h' b;d m%n, .eUqre fYdal

kdglhla keröfuka blaì;sj" iyDohd

;=< isÿ jkafka yoj; msßissÿ ùulehs

Tjqyq mejiQy' idys;H ks¾udKhl ri

ú£fuys w.%M,h - wjidk M,h - kï"

is; msßisÿ njg m;a ùu h' idys;Hfha

ienE pu;aldrh kï th hs'

tfia fyhska" Tn bÈßfhys we;s

idys;H lD;sh Tn úiska ksis f,i

mßYS,kh lrkq ,nkafka kï" Tn

,nk ridiajdoh - pu;aldrh - Tnf.a

wOHd;auh fmdaIKh lrk wmQ¾j;u

m%;s,dNhla jkq we;'


flál;dj hkq uQ,sl woyila bÈßm;a

jk fia w;aoelSula yd ne÷Kq ixisoaêhla

biau;= lrk l,d ks¾udKhls' idudkH

jYfhka flál;djl újrKh jkafka"

iSñ; pß; ixLHdjla mu‚' tla isoaêhla

fyda isoaê lsysmhla fyda mdol lr f.k

ks¾udKh flfrk flál;djl uqLH

mrud¾:h jkqfha" lsis hï úfYaIs; tla

ldrKhla yqjd oelaùu h'

flál;dj ye¢kaùu i|yd Èh

yels ks¾jpk fndfyda h' ta w;r"

flál;dj jQl,S Ôú;fhka fm;a;lehs

(A slice of life) hk wekagka fpfld*af.a

újrKh" w;sYh w¾:iïmkak fõ'

m%udKfhka flá jQ ks¾udK flál;d

hkqfjka ye¢kaùu idjµ fõ' f,dal

idys;Hfhys tk fY%AIaG flál;d yeu

tlla u flá fkd fõ' tajd w;r msgq

ishh blaujk §¾> flál;d olakg

,efí' wekagka fpfld*af.a m<Õeáhd"

yfha jdÜgqj jeks flál;d Bg

ksoiqka h'

m%;sNdmQ¾K kQ;k isxy,

flál;dlrejl= jk ohdfiak

.=Kisxy flál;dj ks¾jpkh flf<a

fumßÈ h'

“flál;dj hkq ljf¾ oehs tl u

jelshlska mjik f,i hul= ug lsj

fyd;a" flál;dj hkq Ôú;fha ióm

rEmhlehs uu lshkafkñ' ks¾jpkhla

jYfhka ta lshuk lsisfia;a u mßmQ¾K

fkd jk njg újdohla ke;' tfy;a

flál;dfõ iuia; iajNdjh ms<sn|

b`.shla" ta ;=< .eí ù we;ehs uu is;ñ'˜

ôhdfiak .=Kisxy - fla;=u;S fydag,fha

rd;s%hla - 1990&

tfuka u iudc Ôú;fhka wxY= ud;%hla

ksrEmKh lrk rpkh flál;dj nj

fla' ch;s,l uy;d mjihs' tu;= fkdj

w¾:j;a f,i pß;dx.hla fyda pß;hla

u;= lrk m%n, wjia:dj flál;dj nj

ta'ù' iqrùr uy;d mjihs'

j¾;udk flál;dj" f,dfjys mer‚;u

l;d l,djl kùk;u iajrEmh fjhs'

fn!oaO cd;l l:d o" ysf;damfoaYfha

tk WmfoaY l:d o" mxp;ka;%fha

Wmud l:d o" ls%ia;= mQ¾j fooyig;a

fmr ñirfha ìys jqKq l;dka;r o"

ls%ia;= mQ¾j yh jeks ishjfiys úiQ .S%l

cd;sl jyf,lehs ie,flk Bfidmaf.a

Wmud l;d o" tfuka u .S%isfhys

,shjqKq flá fma%u jD;a;dka; o" wrdì

ksfid,a,difhys oelafjk l;dka;r o"

j¾;udk flál;dfõ mQ¾j.dó wjia:d

f,i ie,lSu újdo rys; h' bkq;a uE;

ld,fhl" bx.S%is idys;Hfha fc*aß

fpdai¾f.a lekagnß l;d iy b;d,s

cd;sl ðfhdajkaks fndleisfhdaf.a

Èleurka l;d mka;sh o j¾;udk

flál;dfõ ióm;u {d;Syq fj;s'

isxy, flál;dfõ W;am;a;s ia:dkh

.ek woyia olajk uy .;alre ud¾áka

kQ;k idys;Hdx. lsysmhla 1

flál;dj


úl%uisxy" iajlSh jy,a¨ ^1951& kue;s

flál;d ix.%yhg ‘flál;dj’ hk

ud;Dldj hgf;a ,shQ §¾> f,aLkfhys

fufia mjihs'

“wmf.a lúfld<ldrhd" ngysr fyda

fmrÈ. fyda l:d l,dj fkd oek

flál;d rpkd l< f,aLlfhls' tl,

W.;a;= .%ka:drEV mer‚ nK l;d o

mer‚ lùka rpkd l< lõfialrh"

.=;a;s,h" l=iodj wdÈ lú l;d o

lshùfuka wdiajdohlA ,enQy' thska

wdiajdohla fkd ,eìh yels fmdÿ

ckhdf.a l:d weiSfï l=yq, ÿgq

lúfld<ldrhd" ixfõ.ckl mqj;a

jia;= fldg f.k" Tjqka Wfoid lúfhka

flál;d rpkd flf<a h' w,xldr

Ydia;%h yd úhrKh úiska ;<d fm<d

ne£fuka iSud fkd lrk ,o l,amkdj;a

Yla;sh;a we;s lúfld<ldrhd" mKaä;

lùkag jvd fyd| l:dldrfhla úh' Tyq

hï lsis W.ekaula yd wdfõYhla ,eî

kï" th ck l:dfjks' ck lúfhks'˜

ngysr f,dalfha ìys jQ flál;dj o

kS;sÍ;sj,ska fkd ne÷Kq idys;Hdx.hlehs

Tyq ;j ÿrg;a fmkajd ÿkafka h'

“ngysr flál;dj fnfyúka

fjkia jQfha;a" úldikh jQfha;a th

úpdrlhkaf.a kS;sß;sj,ska fkd n¢kq

,enQ ksidh' wmQre rgj,a fidhd hd;%d

l< keúhka fuka ngysr f,aLlfhda

o" .;dkq.;sl kS;sÍ;sj,ska fkd n¢kq

,enQ l,amkdj we;af;da jQy'” bkslaì;s j" tiufhys ^bl=;a ish jfia

ueo Nd.fha § muK&" isxy, flál;dj

jevqKq yd úldikh jQ wdldrh .ek

Tyq fufia o i|yka lrhs'

“isxy, flál;dj o ful, ye¢kaúh

hq;af;a" w;= b;sj,ska Èh ,nñka kÕsk

kÈhla f,isks' th ngysr l:dj

wdY%fhka u Wmkakla f,i i,ld

úfõpkh lsÍu jQ l,S tys jeãu" ngysr

tl u mrïmrdjl úpdrlhka ál

fofkl=ka t,an .;a kS;sÍ;sj,ska msg

fkd mekakSug lrk jEhula fjhs' yeu

w;ska Èh ,nk kÈh jvd;a fõ.fhka

nishs' ta neiSu ksid tys Èh msßisÿ fjhs'

.eUqre fjhs' bjqre m<,a fjhs'

bx.sßis l:djla wdY%fhka ,shk

,o isxy, l:dj jqj o ni" Í;sh"

f,aLlhdf.a .;s" m%;sNdj yd mßirh o

ksid .kafka mer‚ isxy, l:djg u|la

yqre iajrEmhls'” ngysr Ñpdrlhka fmdÿfõ my;

oelafjk ish¨ u rpkd" flál;d f,i

y÷kaj;e hs" Tyq fmkajd ÿkafka h'

1' tl u isÿùula uq,a fldg f.k

rÑ; l:dj

2' pß;dx.hla ksrEmKh i|yd ,shk

,o wdLHdhsldj

3' isÿùï lsysmhla weiqßka rÑ; l:dj

4' lsishï wjia:djl ñksil=f.a is;g

keÕ=Kq yeÕSula újrKh lrkq

i|yd lrk ,o rpkh

5' flkl=f.a há isf;ys ieÕjqKq

yeÕSula fy<s flfrk újrKh

6' Wmydih yd udhd l:dj (fantasy)

fcdai*a n¾.a tikaùka kï úpdrlhd"

flá l;djla fkd jkafka ljr

,laIKj,ska hq;= m%nkaO ks¾udKhla

oehs meyeÈ,s lrkafka fï whqßks'


1' flál;dj ixlaIsma; kjl;djla

fkd fõ'

2' th WmdLHdkhla o fkd fõ'

3' th flgqïm;la fyda o< igykla

fyda fkd fõ'

4' th pß; l:djla o fkd fõ'

5' th yqÿ pß;df,aLhla o fkd fõ'

6' th yqÿ l;dka;rhla o fkd fõ'

ta lsisjla" ta f,iska u flál;djla

fkd jkafka kï" flál;djl uQ,sl

.=Kdx. ljf¾ oehs úuid n,uq' fcdai*a

n¾.a tikaùka kue;s úpdrlhd"

flál;djl ;sìh hq;= wx. y;la .ek

i|yka lrhs'

Tyq mjik wdldrhg" fyd|

flál;djla ;=<

1' ish,a, wìnjd isák tla m%n,

isoaêhla ;sìh hq;= h'

2' biau;= ù fmfkk tla m%Odk

pß;hla o ;sìh hq;= h'

3' ks¾udKlref.a mßl,amkfhka ìys

jk ks¾udKhla úh hq;= h'

4' l:d úkHdihla ;sìh hq;= h'

5' l;dfõ isoaê ud,dj tlg leá ù

;sìh hq;= h'

6' l;dfõ ixúOdkd;aul nj ;sìh

hq;= h'

7' OdrKdfõ talSh;ajhla ;sìh

hq;= h'

flál;djl ;sìh hq;= tlS wx. ,laIK

oelaùfuka miqj" fcdai*a n¾.a tikaùka

kue;s tu úpdrlhd" flál;dj

ks¾jpkh fldg olajkafka u;=

oelafjk f,isks'

“flál;dj jQ l,s wfkla ish¨

isoaëka wìnjd isák tla m%n, isoaêhla

iy biau;= ù fmfkk tla m%Odk

pß;hla wkdjrKh flfrkakd jQ o"

tlg leá ù issák l:d úkHdihlsska

hqla; jQ o" ukd wjhj ixúOdkhla

we;a;d jQ o" tal;ajfhka hqla;

OdrKdjla we;a;d jQ o flá" l,ams;

wdLHdkhls'˜

j¾;udk flál;dj" l;d úkHdih

wkqj" w;sYh úo.aO ixhq;shlska hq;=

idys;H ks¾udKhla njg m;a j ;sfnkq

oelsh yels h' fï iïnkaOfhka id¾:l

flál;djl mej;sh hq;= talSh;ajh

ms<sn|j ,sfhdka i¾fu,shka (Leon Surmelian) kue;s úpdrlhd iajlSh Techniques of Fiction Writing kue;s lD;sfhys olajk woyila"

u;= i|yka h'

“tla isoaêhla wfkla ;eklg oeuQ

l,ays fyda bj;a l< l,ays fyda" l;dfõ

talShNdjh fyda mßiudma;sh m¨ÿ

jk mßoafoka l:d úkHdifha wjhj

ixia:dkh isoaO l< ukd h' hï isoaêhla

we;=¿ ùu fyda fkd ùu fyda fya;= fldg

f.k" l;dfõ m%lg f,i fjkila we;s

jkafka kï" ta isoaêh iuia;fha kshu

bkaøshhla fkd jkafka h'”l;djla bÈßm;a lsÍfï l%u folls'

uq,a l%uh" l;dka;rhl iajrEmfhka

l;dj bÈßm;a lsÍu h' wfkla l%uh

l;dj lSfuka je<lS mdGlhdg th oel

.kakg ie,eiaùu h' m<uq jk l%uh

l:kh kñka o" fojekak rEmKh

kñka o ye¢kafjhs' flál;djl §

f,aLlhd úiska wkq.ukh l< hq;af;a"

rEmK ud¾.h hs' hï f,aLlhl= rEmK

ud¾.h .%yKh lr.kakd f;la u"

Tyqf.a l;d l,dj mQ¾K;ajhg m;a

jQfha hhs lshkq neß h'


kjl;dj hkq .oHuh m%nkaOhls' th

lsis hï l;djia;=jl rduqjla ;=< isÿ

jk wjia:djkaf.a iy pß;hkaf.a

ksrEmKhla fõ' ta wkqj"

1' pß; yd wjia:d ksrEmKh

2' m%nkaO fyj;a l,ams; l;dka;r

iajrEmh

3' .oH f,aLkhla ùu'

hk wx." j¾;udk kjl;dfõ uQ,sl

wx. jYfhka y÷kd .; yels h'

f,dal idys;H b;sydih foi n,k

úg" ixl,amkd;aul fyj;a l,ams;

m%nkaOlrKfha ;=kajeks wjia:dj fia

.efkkafka" kjl;dj h' uq,ska u ìys

jQfha" ùr ldjH hs' bkaÈhdfõ jHdi

RISka úiska úrÑ; fia ie,flk uyd

Ndr;h;a" jd,aóls RISka úiska rÑ;

rdudhKh;a" .S%isfha fydau¾ úiska

mn¢k ,oehs ie,flk b,shâ iy

Täis hk uyd ldjH oajhh;a m%nkaO

idys;Hfha uq,a wjia:d fia y÷kd f.k

we;' bka wk;=rej wdfõ" fma%u ldjH

hs' th m%nkaO .Kfhys u ,d ie,flhs'

fï wkqißka f,dalfha m%nkaO

idys;Hh ;=< mefkk ;=kajeks m%nkaO

wjêh f,i" kjl;dj ìys úh'

w¨;a m%nkaOlrKh “kjl;dj” fia

ye¢kaùug mgka .eks‚' th kj,a

(Novel) fyj;a kjl;dj jkqfha"

“w¨;a” hk wre;sks' bx.S%is nig ta moh

tla jkafka" ,;ska Novellus hk joksks'

mqk¾Ôjk hq.fha uq,a wjêfha §" fï

jok jyrg tkafka" “w¨;a l;dka;rh” hk wre; iys;j h' iqm%lg b;d,s

cd;sl ðfhdajkaks fndldIsfhda úiska

,shk ,o ‘Èleurka’ lD;sh y÷kajk

,oafoa" “fkdfj,d” (Novella) hk

joksks' zÈleurkaZ l;kaor bx.S%is nig

keÕSu;a iuÕ u" Novel hk moh"

bx.S%is nfiys jyrg meñ‚fha h'

.oHfhka ,shefjk m%nkaO l,d

úfYaIhla f,i" kjl;dj f,dal

idys;H jyrg tla jkafka tf,isks'

.oHfhka lrk ,o l,ams; m%nkaO

rpkh" mqrdK f,dalh mqrd u me;sr .sh

l,djla nj fmfka' ta lD;Ska y÷kajkq

i|yd kjl;dj hk jpkh fkd

fhÿKq kuqÿ" kjl;dfõ uQ,djia:dj

fia ie,lsh hq;= jkafka" tlS m%nkaO h'

miq ld,Skj hqfrdamSh idys;H iïm%odfha

fldgila njg m;a jQ fndfyda l;dka;r

wdrïN jQfha ñirfha h' bkaÈhdfõ §

kjl;dfõ fmr .ukalre fia y÷kd

.; yelafla" yhjeks ish jfia wmr

Nd.fha úiQ ixialD; m`äjrhl= jk

oKaãka úiska úrÑ; oY l=udr pß;h hs'

fndfyda idys;H úoaj;=ka úiska ienE u

uq,a kjl;dj f,i i,lkq ,nk f.xð

l;dka;rh" cmka cd;sl l;=jßhl jk

uqrils Islsnq wd¾hdj úiska tlf<dia

jeks ish jfia § ,shkq ,eì‚' 1935 § ta

lD;sh bx.S%is nig keÕ=fKa" The Tale of Genji hk kñkss'

Y%S ,xldfõ isxy, mdGlhkag

“kjl;dj” kue;s l,d udOHh

ms<sn|j m<uq jrg oek .ekSug

,efnkafka" oy kj jeks ishjfia § h'

wdÈ u isxy, kjl;dlrejkag iajlSh

udOHh wjfndaO lr .ekSug uy;a

mßY%uhla oeÍug isÿ ú‚' tfia u"

isxy, mdGl ckhdg o kjl;d udOHh

jgyd .ekSug uy;a jHdhduhl fh§ug

isÿ úh' uq,a u isxy, kjl;dlrefjda

bx.S%is kjl:dfõ iajrEmh ta yeáfhka

u wkq.ukh lsÍug wiu;a jQy' flfia

kjl;dj


jqj o" isxy, kjl;dfõ úldYkh .ek

is;d n,k úg" uq,a u wjêfha my< jQ

kjl;dlrejkaf.ka buy;a fiajhla

isÿ jQ nj kï meyeÈ,s h' Tjqka w;ska

fulS kj l,d udOHhg iaÓridr

mokula jegq‚'

isxy, kjl;dfõ j¾;udk iajrEmfhys

uQ, îch olakg ,efnkafka 1905

jif¾ § w¨;a.uf.a ihsuka o is,ajd

úiska ,shd m< lrk ,o ókd kue;s

lD;sh ;=< h' Tyqf.a fiiq kjl;d

w;r" f;Íid iy wfma wd.u kue;s

l;d fol o olakg ,efnhs'

ókd m< jkafka 1905 jif¾ § h'

tkï" mshodi isßfiakf.a b;d iqm%lg"

tfuka u w;sYhska u ckm%sh;ajhg m;a jQ

ch;siai iy frdia,ska hk kjl;dj

m<jkag wjqreoaolg fmr h'

we;eï idys;Hfõ§ka mjik wdldrhg"

bx.S%is kjl;dfõ wdÈ l¾;Djrhd

f,i ie,flk ieuqfj,a ßpâikag"

kjl;dj l=ula oehs bx.S%is mdGlhkg

y÷kajd §fï f.!rjh ysñ jkakdla

fuka u" mshodi isßfiakg isxy,

kjl;d b;sydifhys úfYaI ia:dkhla

ysñ fjhs' uq,a u isxy, kjl;dj ,shQ ta'

ihsuka is,ajd ,shQ ókd" f;Íid yd wfma

wd.u hk kjl;d ;=fkka u" isxy,

mdGlhkag fuu w¨;a idys;Hdx.h

ms<sn|j" mshodi isßfiakf.a

kjl;dj,ska muK wjfndaOhla ,nd

.; yels ù hhs is;kq W.yg h'

mshodi isßfiakf.a fojeks kjl;dj

ksl=;a jQfha wmg fjÉp foa hk

kñks' bkslaì;s j Tyq úiska ,shk ,o

kjl;d ;re‚hlf.a fm%auh" äx.sß

ue‚ld" j,õjl m<ys,õj" úu,;siai

yduqÿrejkaf. uqo,a fmÜáh" ufyaYajÍ"

fvnr fl,a, wdÈh fõ'

mshodi isßfiak kjl;dlrKhg

msúiSfuka u| l,lg miqj" isxy,

m%nkaO b;sydifhys o¾Ykh jk

ó<Õ l;=jrhd ví,shq' ta' is,ajd h'

Tyqf.a kjl;dlrKh ms<sn|j ueoy;a

úu¾Ykhl fhfok uydpd¾h tÈßùr

irÉpkaø" iajlSh isxy, kjl;d

b;sydih yd úpdrh kue;s iqm%lg

.%ka:fhys fufia i|yka lf<a h'

“j¾;udk kjl;djka w;r úYd,

ixLHdjla" is,ajd uy;df.a lD;s h¦

Tyqf.a iEu lD;shla u uyckhd úiska

b;d wdYdfjka lshjkq ,efí' Tyqf.a

lD;s fumuK ckm%sh jQfha" tajd

ish,a,la fm%au l:d jk fyhsks' ta u;=

o fkd fõ' O¾ñIaGhd iEu úg u ch

.kakd" ÿIaghd mrdch jk" wjidkfha

§ fmïj;=ka tla jk" ufkda rdcHhlg

Tyq mdGlhd we;=¿ lrjhs' mdGlhd

yuqfjys Tyq ujd mdk ufkdauh f,dalh"

isßfiak uy;df.a f,dalh ;rï wNjH

fkd jk w;r u" ;d;a;aúl f,dalh

;rï ÿla mSvd wdÈfhka .yK jQjla o

fkd fõ' th b;d ruŒh f,dalhls'

tn÷ f,dalhl ;djld,sl jYfhka

jqj o úiSug fndfyda fokd leu;s h'

ienE f,dalfhys fuka fkd j" is,ajd

uy;df.a udhd f,dalfhys fmïj;ayq

ish¨ u ndOd uev f.k ;u ufkdar:h

bIag lr .ks;s' Tjqyq Ôú;dka;h olajd

jdikdfjka fjfi;s' Tjqkag ndOd

muqKqjkag ;e;a l< ÿIaghdg ksis

o~qjï ,efí'”ví,shq' ta' is,ajdf.a uq,a u kjl;dj

jk isßh,;d fkdfyd;a wkd: ;re‚h

m< jkafka 1909 jif¾ § h' ta jk úg

l;=jrhdf.a jhi wjqreÿ oykjhla úh'

bka wk;=rej ,shk ,o lD;Ska w;r"

,laIañ fyj;a fkdkefik /ðksh"


le,E y|" ys`.k fld,a,d" iqfka;%d

fkdfyd;a wúpdr iuh" ffojfhda.h"

úchnd fld,a,h hk lD;Ska o cQ,s

y; iy ß§ yjäh hk ryia mÍlaIl

kjl;d fol o mdGlhskaf.a úfYaI

m%idohg ,la úh'

ud¾áka úl%uisxy isxy, kjl;d

lafIa;%hg wj;S¾K jkafka" 1914

jif¾ § rpkd l< ,S,d lD;sfhks'

ck;dj w;r mej;s ñ:Hd u; yd <dul

woyia uq,skqmqgd oeófuka" iudcfha

meje;aug o mdrïmßl l=, O¾uj,g o

ydks fkd jk wdldrfha fm%au l;djla

f.dv keÕSu" Tyqf.a wruqK jQ neõ

meyeÈ,s h'

isxy, m%nkaO l,dj kj Èidjlg

fhduq lsÍfï o" thg iqúfYaI jQ udkqIsl

w¾:hla §fï jdikd uysuh we;s

m%;sNdu;a kjl;dlrejl= f,i ud¾áka

úl%uisxy keÕS isákafka" 1925 § m< jQ

ñßÕ=j kjl;dfjks' fuu kjl;dj

uq,ska u m<j we;af;a" ñßÕ= Èh hk

kñks'

isxy, kjl;dj l,d;aul uÕlg

mssúiqfKa 1944 § ksl=;a jqKq úl%uisxyf.a

.ïfmr<sh lD;sfhka neõ wújdofhka

ms<s.efkk lreKls' kjl;dfõ úIhh

mq¿,a lsÍu;a" th ishqï l,d;aul

ks¾udKhla jYfhka w.h lsÍug

ie,eiaùu;a fuu kjl;dfjka isÿ jQ

uy;a u fiajh fjhs' kjl;djla u.ska

l;=jrhl= lsis hï Ôjk oDIaáhla

m< lsÍug .;a m%:u id¾:l jEhu o"

ud¾áka úl%uisxyf.a .ïfmr<sh fj;ehs

ie,lSu" idjoH ks.ukhla fkd

fjhs' “;=ka wE÷;= kjl;dfjys” fo

fl<jfrys jk .ïfmr<sh yd hq.dka;h

tlg wEf|kafka" miqj rpkd lrk ,o"

l,shq.fhks'

.ïfmr<sh" l,shq.h yd hq.dka;h hk

;=ka we÷;= kjl;dj tlla jYfhka

.;a l," th ud¾áka úl%uisxy mßKdu

jdoh ms<sn| oerE od¾Yksl u;dka;r

ks¾udKd;aul f,i m%ldY lrk ,o

wjia:djla fia o ie,flhs'

1956 § ksl=;a jqKq ud¾áka úl%uisxyf.a

úrd.h fndfyda úpdrlhkaf.a

wjOdkhg;a úu¾Ykhg;a ,la jQfha h'

isxy, kjl;d jxih ;=< wrúkao jeks

pß;hla ìys jQ uq,a u j;dj th úh'

Bg fmr tjka pß; ,laIKj,ska o"

tjka wdl,amhkaf.ka o fyì pß;hla

isxy, kjl;dj ;=< o¾Ykh fkd

ù h' tfyhska wrúkaof.a pß;h

wmQ¾jhla fia biau;=j fmks‚'

.ïfmr<sfhka miqj iudch;a" ñksia

Ôú;h;a foi ishqï wkaoñka ne,Sug iu;a

m%;sNd iïmkak kjl;dlrejka lsysm

fokl= u ìys jQ whqre oel .; yels úh'

úfYaIfhka u" .=Kodi wurfialrf.a

lreulaldrfhda ^1955& yd ud¾áka

úl%uisxyf.a úrd.h ^1956& ,sheùfuka

wk;=rej" isxy, kjl;d l;=jreka

jvd;a W;aiql jQfha" Ôú;fha we;eï

.+V ia:dk foi n,d" ta wkqj Ôú;h

h:d¾:j;aj újrKh lsÍug h' we;eï

f,aLlhl= fï m%Yak ;u ks¾udKhkays §

idOdrŒh;ajhg m;a lsÍug iu;a jQ w;r"

we;efula ta ld¾hfhys § wid¾:l jQy'

.=Kodi wurfialrf.a h<s Wmkafkñ

^1960&" uvj, tia' r;akdhlf.a mdfkka

w÷rg ^1963& jeks lD;Ska tfia wid¾:l

jQ lD;Ska yeáhg úpdrlfhda fmkajd

fo;s'

fuu l;=jreka úIhh lr .;a wfkla

m%Yakh kï" ixialD;sl .eàï h'

ixialD;sl .eàï hkqfjka fuys woyia

flfrkafka" .eñ iudcfhka kd.ßl


iudchg ixl%uKh ùu" .fuka

úYajúoHd,hg hdu" ,xldfjka msgrglg

hdu jeks wjia:d wdY%fhka mek ke.=Kq

.eàï iuqodh hs' fuu m%Yakj,g fmdÿ

iajrEmhla §ug .;a m%h;ak w;r"

tÈßùr irÉpkaøf.a u<.sh we;af;da

^1959& j,au;a ù yirla kqÿáñ ^1962&"

isß .=kisxyf.a fyjke,a, ^1960&" fla'

ch;s,lf.a wm%ikak l;djla ^1963&

jeks lD;Ska i|yka l< hq;= jkafka

h' l,ska iudc yd ixialD;sl fjkia

ùï úIh fldg .;a isxy, kjl;dj"

miqj ,sx.sl Ôú;h u mokï fldg

f.k ke.S isákakg ;e;a lf<a jk'

t oji kjl;d l;=jreka Ôú;fha tla

m%foaYhla u n,kakg .;a ;e; ksid;a"

,sx.sl Ôú;h woaN+;hla fldg bÈßm;a

lsÍu ksid;a miq hq.fha we;eï l;=jre

kjl;dfõ kj lafIa;% fidhd hdug

fm,ö we;' uvj, tia' r;akdhlf.a

wlalr my ^1959&" ,S,a .=Kfialrf.a

fm;aiu ^1961&" w;aik ^1963& iy fla'

ch;s,lf.a pß; ;=kla ^1963& jeks

lD;Skaf.ka fy<s jkafka ta m%;sl%shdj hs'

bka wk;=rej" isxy, kjl;d f,dalhg

tla jQ ud¾áka úl%uisxyf.a lrej,

f.or ^1963&" Ô'î' fiakdkdhlf.a

fïOd ^1964&" pdreuqL" jro;a; iy fla'

ch;s,lf.a fof,djg ke;s wh ^1964&

jeks lD;Ska fmkajkafka" m%udo ù fyda

isxy, kjl;dfõ lafIa;%h" ;j ;j;a

mq¿,a ùug ork ,o m%h;akh hs'

bl=;a oYl myl ;rï ld,h ;=< isxy,

kjl;dj úúO Èidjkg keUqre fjñka

ixLHd;aul jYfhka w;súYd, kjl;d

l;=jreka msßila o" kjl;d w;suy;a

m%udKhla o wmf.a idys;Hhg tlaj

we;s neõ úfYaIfhka ie,lsh hq;=

lreKls' tf;l=ÿ jqj;a" tlS lD;Ska

w;r úYsIag ks¾udK fia y÷kd.;

yelafla w;sYhska u iaj,amhla neõ o

wu;l fkd l<ukd h'

iïNdjH isxy, moH idys;Hfha

ksudj;a iu`. ;;ald,Sk foaYmd,ksl"

iudchSh yd ixialD;sl miqìu mdol

lr .ksñka 19 jk ish jfia w. yd 20

jk ishjfia uq,a Nd.fha § muK zkQ;k

isxy, lúfhaZ iudrïNh isÿ fjhs'

mqrd;k moH idys;Hfhys jQ wd.ñl

uqyqKqjr mQ¾j ksYaÑ; ldjH wdlD;sh"

NdIdj yd w,xldr Ndú;fhys jQ kshuhka

l%ufhka fjkia ù fuu hq.fha § lúh

iuld,Sk foaYmd,k" wd¾Ól" iudÔh

yd ixialD;sl fjkia ùïj,g iu.dój

ìys jQfha h' lúfha wd.ñl uqyqKqjr"

fmdÿ ckhdf.a f,!lsl w;aoelSï yd

yeÕSï m%;sks¾udKh lrd ú;eka fjoa§

NdIdfõ jQ mKaä; m%sh jQ úo.aO Ndjh

l%ufhka jHjydßl NdIdjg ióm

úh' lúiuhdkq.; w,xldr yd Í;SSka

fjkqjg fmdÿ ck iqLdjfndaOh yd

wruqKq idOkh Wfoid jQ w,xldr

yd Í;Ska fj; lùyq keUqre jQy'

uqøK ;dlaIKfha wd.ukh;a iu.

lúh fmdÿ ck iudch w;r ckm%sh

idys;H udOHhla njg l%ufhka m;a

úh' tf;la mej;shd jQ iïNdjH moH

idys;Hfha yd bka miq fmdÿ ck

idys;Hhla lrd ú;eka jQ lúfha

fkd u| fmdaIKh;a ngysr idys;Hfha

m%n, wdNdih;a ,nñka th isÿ úh'

kQ;k lúfha m%:u Nd.fha lùka

w;r mshodi isßfiak" wdkkao

rdclreKd" Ô' tÉ' fmf¾rd yd tia'

uyskao ysñ m%uqL fj;s' tjlg hg;a

kQ;k isxy, lúh


úð;lrKhg ,laj isá Y%S ,dxflah

ck;dj tu udkisl;ajfhka uqojd

.kq jia ‘cd;Hkqrd.h’ l=¿.ekafjk

ldjH nkaOkh lsÍug fuu hq.fha §

m%uqL;ajh ysñ úh' ta i|yd flakaøh

jYfhka <uhd fhdod .;a nj by;

lùkaf.a ldjH iuqÉp ksÍlaIKh

lsÍfï § úYo fjhs' tu hq.fha lúh

fjfiiska u fufyh jQfha hq.fha

wjYH;dj fjkqfjks' tfyhska fuu

ldjH wOHhkh l< hq;af;a ta ta lú

yqfol,dj .ksñka fkdj hq.fha iudc

miqìu flfrys iú{dksl fjñks'

ñka miq wjêh b;d m%n, f,i lúh

fmdÿ ckhdg ióm jQ ld, jljdkqjla

f,i ie,lsh yels h' id.r m,kaiQßh

^flahia&" úu,r;ak l=udr.u" mS'î'

w,aúia fmf¾rd" î' tÉ' wurfiak"

óuk fm%au;s,l" tÉ'tï' l=v,s.u" Y%S

pkaør;ak udkjisxy hk lùyq fuu

hq.h ksfhdackh l<y' m%udKd;aulj

b;d úYd, ixLHdjla lú ,shejqKq fuu

hq.fha lúh ck;dj w;r m;< ùu

flfrys uqøK Ys,amfha ÈhqKqj Rcqj

n, mEfõ h' lú fmd;a" lú i`.rd" lú

fld< iq,n jQ fuu hq.fha fndfyda lùyq

ngysr frduekaála lùkaf.a wdNdih

fkd u|j ,oy' ta wkqj Tjqkaf.a lúh

Bg mQ¾j hq.fha lùka f.ka fnfyúka

fjkia úh' jia;= úIh úúO ùu;a NdIdj

ir, yd iq.u ùu;a Ndj f.dapr Wmud

rEmlj,ska iukaú; ùu;a fuys úfYaI

,laIK f,i oelaúh yels h' ia;s%h

yd ia;%SmqreI fm%auh fi!kao¾hd;aulj

Ñ;%Kh lsÍug fndfyda lùka fm,UqKq

w;r mqoa., yd iudc w;aoelSï udkj

ohdfjka hqla;j m%;sks¾udKh lsÍug

fudjqyq ksn|j u W;aidy .;ay'

kQ;k lúh iïnkaOj i,ld ne,Sfï §

‘fy< yjq,’ idlÉPdjg Ndckh l< hq;=

fjhs' l=udr;=x. uqksodi m`äjrhdf.a

mqfrda.dó;ajfhka werUqKq jHdlrK

Ydia;%h iïnkaO oeä u;OdÍ .=re

l=,hla jk fuys isxy, lúh flfrys

ie,lssh hq;= odhl;ajhla iemhQ lùyq

lsysm fofkla o fj;s' iajlSh NdId

u;jdo ks¾udK ld¾hfha § mjqrla jqj o

iQlaIauj ksÍlaIKfha úYsIag ks¾udKYS,S

m%;sNdjla l=udr;=x. uqksodi" wßfika

wyqnqÿ" /hsmsh,a f;kakfldaka jeks

lùkaf.a ks¾udKj,ska ms<sìUq fjhs'

by; wjëkays lúfha jQ ÿn,;d y÷kd

.ksñka udkj yd iudc w;aoelSï

m%;sks¾udKh lrkq jia kjuq ldjH

m%ia;=;" NdId yd Í;Ska fuka u

w,xldr iïm%odhl ld,Sk wjYH;dj

ld,Skj mek k.sñka ;snQ hq.hl Ô' î'

fiakdkdhl m,s .ekSu ^1948& kï jQ

iajlSh flá l;d iuqÉphg wka;¾.;

fldg “.oHh;a moHh;a w;r rpkd

úfYaIhla” f,i kï lrñka ‘ksoyia

moH’ wdlD;sh lúhg y÷kajd fohs'

isß .=kisxy Tyq úiska u ‘nqoaê f.dapr

ldjH’ f,i y÷kajd fok ksi|eia ldjH

iïm%odh o ìysjkafka óg ;odikak

ld,hl § h' 1956 § uia f,a ke;s weg

hkqfjka ldjH .%ka:hla m%ldYhg m;a

l< isß .=kisxy “lúfhys we;af;a

nqoaêfhka .%%yKh lr .; hq;= ye`.Sï

yd woyia h” hk u;fhys ;rfha t,an

isáfhls' Tyq lúh kjuq udj;lg m%fõY

lsÍfï ke;s kï isjq mo wdlD;sfhka

ñ§ kjH ldjH iïm%odhlg m%fõY

lsÍfï ld¾hfha § m%n, ueÈy;alrejd

f,i ye¢kaùu idjoH fkd fõ' fufia

wdrïN jQ ‘ksi|eia ldjH’ iïm%odfhys

we;eï ÿn,;d mej;=K;a lú ri ú¢k

ckhdg th wd.ka;=l w;aoelSula úh'


ta wkqj ksi|eia lúfhys ksfIaOkSh

,laIK neyer lrñka idOkSh

,laIK Wlyd .ksñka" iïNdjH

isxy, moH idys;Hfhka o ck ldjH

iïm%odfhka o" úfoaYSh lúfhka o fkd

u| wdNdih ,nñka kQ;kh olajd lúh

/f.k wd mqfrda.dóka f,i .=Kodi

wurfialr yd uy.u fialr hk

lùka fo m< ie,lsh yels h' uy.u

fialr .;a ud¾.h wkqj .sh r;ak YS%

úfÊisxy" ohdfiak .=Kisxy" mrdl%u

fldä;=jlal=" fudksld rejkam;srK

jeks lùkag yd lsú¢hkag kQ;k

lú flf;ys m%uqLia:dkhla ysñ

fõ' kQ;kfhys § lúh w¾:mQ¾K

yd NdjmQ¾K udOHhla njg m;a

lsÍfuys ,d kkaok ùrisxy" huqkd

ud,skS fmf¾rd" tßla b,hma wdrÉÑ

jeks lúfhda yd lsú¢fhda mqfrda.dó jQy'

ta w;r ,laYdka; w;=fldar<" uxcq,

fjäj¾Ok" uyskao m%idoa uiabUq,"

iqy¾IŒ O¾ur;ak jeks ;reK lùyq o

fj;s'


l=i cd;lh l=reKE., wjêh

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiaf.a mQ¾j

W;am;a;s l;d lshkakd jQ jD;a;dka;

fyj;a mQ¾j pß; l;d cd;l l;d

kï fõ'

cd;l l;d ieliS we;af;a mer‚

Ndr;Sh iudch wdY%h lr f.k h'

tfy;a ld,jljdkqj ms<sn| úúO

u; mj;S' nqoafOda;amdo ld,hg;a

fmr mgka u meje;s l;d miq l,l

cd;l l;d njg m;a jQ nj tla

u;hls' nqÿka jykafiaf.a YS% uqL

foaYkd f,i cd;l l;d ish,a,

ìys jQ njg o u;hla mj;S' flfia

fj;;a ;s%msglfha iQ;% msglfha Lqoaol

ksldfha fmd;a 15 w;rg cd;l l;d

wh;a fõ' nqÿka jykafia flf¾ ;snQ

wp, Nla;sh ksid wkdÈu;a ld,hla

mqrd uqL mrïmrdkq.;j fïjd

mej;s‚'

uyskaod.ukh;a iu. ,laÈjg

f.k tkq ,enQ fï l;d ck;dj

w;r ckms%h úh' fï fya;=j ksid

l=reKE., rdcOdks iufha y;rjk

merl=ïndjkaf.a wkq.%yfhka md,sfhka

mej;s tu l;d ir, isxy,hg

mßj¾;kh lr we;' tf;la md,s

NdIdfjka ;snQ “md,s cd;lÜG l:dj” isxy,hg ke.Su ùrisxy m%;srdc

wud;H;=udf.a ueÈy;a ùfuka isÿ jQ

nj uyd jxifha i|yka fõ' mkaish

mkia cd;l fmdf;ys we;af;a l;d

547ls' th l;d 550laj meje;s njg o

úoaj;a u;hla mj;S'

fuu l;d ish,af,a u wdlD;suh

jYfhka iudk;ajhla ;sfí' j;auka

l;dj" w;S; l;dj yd ifudaOdkh

ms<sfj<ska we;=<;aj ;sîu tu

,laIKh hs' j;auka l;dfõ nqÿka

jykafia jev isák w;r w;S;

l;dfõ fndai;dKka jykafiaf.a

pß;h yuq fõ' ifudaOdkh hkq

j;auka w;S; l;d .e<mSu hs'

fndai;dKka jykafiaf.a YS,h"

{dkh" ù¾hh" bjiSu" ;Hd.jka;

nj wdÈh w;S; l;dfjka ksrEms; h'

tu.ska Wmfoia iemhSu" iqpß;fhys

w.h fmkajd §u isÿ flf¾' foõ

ñksia i;a;aj pß; w;S; l;dfjka

yuq fõ' l¾uh" mqk¾Njh ms<sn|

fmkajd§u;a cd;l l;dj,ska isÿ

flf¾' t ksid i¾jld,Sk njla

;sfí'

fuu l;d jia;=j, idys;Huh

jákdlula o we;' .+V ñksia is;

újrKh lsÍu tys,d jeo.;a fõ' ta

l;d weiqfrka ,shd we;s fmd;-m;

fndfyda h' úydr Ñ;%" uQ¾;s"

ldjH" kdgl" <ud l;d" iskud

mg i|yd o cd;l l;d miqìï lr

f.k we;' cd;l l;d nd, uy¨

mKaä; ljrl=g jqj o lshùfuka o

weiSfuka o ri ú¢h yels h' cd;l

fmd; lshùfuka ñksfil=g jir

200la Ôj;a ù ,nk w;aoelSï ,nd.;

yels nj uyd .;alre ud¾áka

úl%uisxy i|yka lr ;sfí' “l=i

cd;lh” cd;l fmdf;a we;s 523 jk

l;dx.h hs'

2


;j o oin,OdÍ jQ iqrdiqrjrpl%pdre

pQvduŒuÍÑi`[aphmßpqïì; prKhq.,

we;s i¾j{hka jykafia ieje;akqjr

iómfhys jQ fÊ; kï rdc l=udrhkaf.a

Whkays wfkams`vq uyisgdKka úiska

isõmkia fl<la Ok úhoï fldg lrjd

ms<s.kajk ,o rd;%sia:dk Èjdia:dk

pxl%uK uKavm ud,ld§ka úrdcudk

jQ moafuda;am, l=j,hl=uqol,aydr

l=iqfudamfYdaNs; mqIalrŒka ruH jQ

N=ñm%foaY we;s fÊ;jk uyúydrfhys

ÈjH n%yau wd¾h B¾hdm: úyrKfhka

ojia hjk fiala iiafkys Wlg,S jQ

tla;rd NslaIq flfkl=ka wrNhd fï

l=i cd;l O¾u foaYkdj jod< fial'

ta flfia o h;a@

ieje;a kqjr jikakd jQ tla;rd

l=, mq;%fhla nqÿ iiafkys fh§ uyK

j tla ojila ieje;akqjr ms~q is`.d

weúÈfka h" i¾jdNrK úN+Is; jQ tla

ud;=.duhl= oel iqNksñ;a; .%yKfhka

n,d laf,aYji`.j Ydikfhys

we¨ï ke;sj Èla jQ kshflia yd

bms¨Kq kyrnyka ls¨gq jQ isjqre yd

iqÿue,s jQ isrere we;sj jikafka h'

hï fia ÈjHf,dalfhka pq; jkakd jQ

ÈjHmq;%hkag me,¢ u,a u,dksl ùu h"

Èj i¿ ls¨gq ùu h" YÍrh ÿ¾j¾Khg

meñŒu h" folsis,af,ka vd jeySu h

ÈjH f,dalfhys wd,h u| ùu h hk

fï mxp mQ¾j ksñ;a;fhda my< fjoao

t mßoafoka u Wlg,S jQ is;a we;sj

Ydikfhka msßfykq leu;s NslaIQkag;a

ieoE kue;s u,a u,dksl ùu h ms<s

is,a ls¨gqùu h lerjeyeï yd kq.=K

me;sfrñka úrEm njg meñŒu h" laf,aY

kue;s vd jEySu h" úfõlia:dkfhys

fkd we,Su h hk mxpmQ¾j ksñ;a;fhda

my< jkakdy' ta uyK yg o tlshk

,o mia jeoEreï jQ .=Kfhda o my<

jQy' tnj oek fiiq NslaIQka jykafia

ta uyK fkd leue;s lrjd nqÿka

iómhg le|jd f.k f.dia “iajdóks" uQ

Ydikfhys Wlg,S jQ” hhs oelajQ fial'

tl, i¾j{hka jykafia “uyK ;d

Ydikfha Wlg,S jQfha oe”hs úpdrd

jodrd ienEhe iajdóks hs oekajQ l,ays

“uyK laf,Y ji`.j fkd mj;=j'

fï ud;=.dufhda kï múgq i;a;aj

flfklehs Tjqka flfrys ms<sn| is;a

yer Ydikfhys we,S jdih lrj ia;%Ska

flfrys ms<sn| is;a ksid f;ciaù jQ;a

mqrd;kfhys kqjKe;af;da f;aciska msßyS

fkdfhla jHdikhg meñ‚hdyq fjoaoe˜hs

Ydikh flf¾ l,lsreKq NslaIqka

jykafia flkl=ka wrnhd th foaYkd

lr we;'

ia;S%ka flf¾ oeä rd. is;a we;s lr

.ekSu f;aciska msßyS fkdfhla

úkdYhkag uqyqK mEug fya;= jk

nj j;auka l;dfjka fmkajd fohs'

tu ixisoaêh ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd l=i

rcq ms<sn| w;S; l;dj bÈßm;a lr

we;' ia;s%h ms<sn| mer‚ iudcfha

mej;s wdl,amh;a fuu woyig mdol

ù we;' l=i cd;lh w;=re l;djlska

o iukaú; fõ' mndj;shf.a rEm

fYdaNdfjka u;aj f;acdkaú; l=i

ne,fufyjr lsÍug mjd fm,fUk

whqre ydiH rih uqiq lrñka fuys

úia;r flf¾' l=i cd;lh j;auka

iudchg mjd .=re fldg .; yels fõ'

bka oelafjk oyï m‚úvhg;a jvd

bka cks; jk idys;H rih ksid

u ,dxlsl ck iudcfha uq,a nei

f.k we;s nj i|yka l< yels h'


jodrd NslaIQka jykafia úiska wdrdê;

jQ mrÿlaLÿlaÅ; jQ lreKd ksOdk jQ

;sf,da.=re nqÿrcdKka jykafia lv;=rdjla

my fldg úÑ;% Ñ;%l¾udka;hla

olajk flfkl=ka mßoafoka Njfhka

m%;sÉPkak jQ bl=;aj;a l:dj lD;hq.

uyfï>hla ke.S jiakd l,la fuka

f.k yer olajd jodrk fiala'

hg.sh oji u,, rg l=idj;S kï kqjr

Tlaldl kï rÊcqre flfkla oi rdc

O¾ufhka oeyefuka rdcH lrkakdy'

Tyqf.a fidf<dia oyila mqrx.kdjkag

m%Odk jQ iS,j;S kï w.fufyiqka

ìfida flfkla jQy' ¥ mq;a ore flfkla

ke;a;dy' tl, kqjr jeiafida yd

rdcH jdiSyq yd mqrfodrg /iaj rg

kiafka h úkiafka hhs uy;a fldg

flda,dy, l<dyq h' ta flda,dy, weiQ

rÊcqrefjda iSueÿre ljq¿j yrjd “ud

rdcH lrñka isáh § wkHdhla lrk

flfkla ke;a;dy' l=ula ksid

fudr.jqoe”hs úpd<y'

tl, Tjqka úiska “ienj" foajhka

jykai" wO¾uldÍ flfkla ke;' jxY

mßmd,kh lrkag ksis ore flfkla

ke;a;dy' wksla flfkla wm rdcHh

werf.k wO¾ufhka rdcHh ki;s' ta

ldrKfhka oeyefuka rdcHh lrkag

ksis mq;Kq flfkl=ka me;=j uekje”hs

lSy' ti| rÊcqrefjda o orejka m%d¾:kd

lrkakd jQ ud úiska l=ula lghq;=

oehs úpd<dyq h' “foajhka jykai" kqU

jykafiaf.a ;=ka jeoEreï jQ kdgl

i;S%kaf.ka m<uq fldg /lj,a we;s j

msg; bkakd jQ iq¿ k¿ uq¿ /lj,a yer

ia;S%kaa is; fia weúokdj yer jod<

uekj' bÈka bka tla flfkla ore

flfkl=ka ,oaod kï uekj' ke;akï

blaì;s w.fufyiqka ìijqka jykafia

yer wjfYaI ia;%Ska y< uekj'

taldka;fhka fuf;la fokd w;=frka

l=i,a we;s flfkla ore flfkl=ka

,n;s”hs lSjdyq h' tl, rÊcqrefjda

Tjqkaf.a niska tf,i lrjd;a ore

flfkl=ka fkd ,Èka fkd i;=gq jQy'

kej; kqjr jeiafida /ia j flda,dy,

l<dy' ta wid rÊcqrefjda “f;dm yeu

lSfuka mqrx.kdjka /lj,a yrjd;a

tf;la fokdf.ka ore flfkl=;a ,;a

flfkl=;a ke;' oeka l=ula lrfuda

oehs úpdrd Tjqka úiska “foajhka

jykai" fï ish¨ ia;S%yqq ÿrdpdÍ l=i,a

u| i;aj flfkl' fudjqkag ore mska

ke;ehs kqUjykafia ksre;aidy kqjqj

uekj' w.fufyiqka jQ iS,j;S foaùka

jykafia iS,dpdr iïmkak fial' Wka

jykafia /lj,ska y< uekj' ore

flfkla we;s fj;” lS i| rÊcqrefjda

tnia ms<sf.k kqjr jeishka /ia lrjd

iS,j;S foaùkajykafia i¾jdNrKfhka

irid ud,s.dfjka msg;a l<dyq h'

tflfKys ìijqkaf.a iS,dkqNdjfhka

Yl% foafõkaøhkaf.a mdKavqlïn,

ffY,dikh Wka fkd lue;s mßoafoka

yqKq úh' tflfKys óg ldrKd lsïfoda

fyda hs ;ukaf.a oyila kqjKeia fufyhd

n,d iS,j;S foaùka orejka m;k kshdj

oek “ud úiska Wkag ore flfkl=ka

Èh hq;=”h is;d ish¨ ;õ;sid Njkh

n,d f.k f.dia thska pq; j u;af;ys

ÈjH f,dalhg hkq leu;sj isáhd jQ

fndaêi;a;ajhka oel Yl%foafõkaøfhda

Tyqf.a úuka fodrg f.dia “in|

f;dm úiska ukqIHf,dalhg f.dia

Tlaldl rÊcqrejkaf.a w.fufyiqka

ìijqka l=i ms<sis| .; hq;= hhs lshd

.súiajd wka ÈjH mq;%fhl=;a tf,i u

.súiajd “ljqre;a ìijqkaf.a iS,fNaoh


fkd flfr;aj”hs is;d ;=uQ uy¨ nuqKq

fjila ujd f.k rÊcqrejkaf.a ud<s.d

fodrg .shdyq h' ti| /ia jQ fndfyda

fok ta Yl% n%dyauKhd oel “l=ula ksid

f;da fu;kg wdfhys oe”hs hkd§ka

mßNj neK úpd<dy'

ta wid Yl%foafõkaøfhda o “l=ula ksid

ug kskaod lrjq o YÍrh crm%dma;

muKla úkd rd.h ;reK jkafka h'

bÈka iS,j;S foaùka ,Èka kï f.k

fhñ hs is;d wdñ” lshd ;ukaf.a

wdkqNdjfhka yeufokdg fmrgqj

isgf.k msg;a jQ ìijqka w; w,ajdf.k

ta ish¨ ckhd kskaod mßNj lrñka

isáh § kslauqKdyq h' ti| ìiõ o

fï uy¨ nuqKq ud f.k hkafka hhs

ms<sl=f,ka fm,S ,Êcdjg meñ‚fhda h'

rÊcqrefjda o nuqKq ud,a,d úiska f.k

hk ,o ìijqka oel fkd i;=gq jQ

h' blaì;s Yl%foafõkaøfhda ìijqka

werf.k kqjr jdi,ska msg;a j jdi,a

iómfhys mkjk ,o o`vqueis we;s yrkd

,o fodr me,,s we;s me,am;la ujd ta

me, iómhg .sfhda h' tl, ìiõ “fï

kqUf. f.or oe”hs úpdrd nuqKq úiska

“tfia h fid÷r m<uq uu Wol,dfhñ'

oeka wms fo fokfuda jQïy' tfyhska ud

id,a ud¿ wdÈh is`.d f.k tk f;la fï

ueiafia jefodje”hs lshd ìijqka weÕ

fudf,dl;ska msßueo Èjmyia m;=rejd

ksÈ .kajd Èjmyia ,en úix{j ksokag

jka i| ;ukaf.a wdkqNdjfhka ìijqka

;õ;sid Njkhg f.k f.dia iryk

,o ÈjH úudkfhlays w;=rk ,o Èj

hykays i;mamd Æy'

blaì;s ìiõ i;shlska msìo tys

ÈjH f,dalfhys iïm;a oel “fï

ud f.kdfha ñksfila fkd fjhs

Yl% foafõkaøfhda jke”hs is;d hykska

ke.S fkdfhla Èj k¿jka úiska

msßjrk ,ÿj mri;= rel uq, m~qq

weUq,ai, wiafkys b| Èj biqre ú¢kdjQ

ilafoõrcyq lrd f.dia je| tl;amiaj

isáfhda h'

tl, Yl% foafõkaøfhda “f;dmg

jrodkhla foñ" leu;s jrhla b,ajd

.ke”hs lSy' tnia wid i;=gq jQ ìiõ

“foajhka jykai mq;% jrhla ÿk

uekje”hs b,ajQ h' tl, Yl%foafõkaøfhda

“foaùks tla flfkl=ka ;nd orejka

fokafkl= foñ' n, bka tla flfkla

kqjKe;sj rE ke;s fj;s' tla flfkla

rE we;sj kqjK ke;s fj;s' Tjqka

fo fokdf.ka m<uqj ljqreka ,nkakd

oe”hs úpdrd “kqjKe;s ;eke;a;ka m<uq

j ,nkakd leue;af;ñ” lS i| tnia

Yl% foafõkaøfhda ms<sf.k tìijqkag

l=i ;K ñgla o Èj i¿jla o Èj i÷ka

yrhla o mri;= uodrd u,a o fldlko

kï ùKdjla o § ìijqka le|jd

f.k wjq;a rÊcqrejkaf.a Y%S hyka

.nvdjg jeo rÊcqrejka yd tla hyka

lrjd ;udf.a mh uymg we`.s,af,ka

ìijqkaf.a fmlksh msßueo iqrmqrg

u ke.S .shdy' tflfKys mqrk ,o

fndaêiïNdr we;s wm uy fndai;dfKda

;õ;sid Njkfhka pq;j wjq;a iS,j;S

foaùka nv ms<sis| .;ay'

ìijqka ;uka l=i ore .en msysá nj

o;ay' blaì;s rÊcqrefjda msìo ìijqka oel

“foaùks ljqreka úiska f.khk,o oe”hs

úpdrd Yl% foafõkaøhka úiskehs lSl,

“fï lsfula o uy¨ nuqfKl= f.k.sh

kshdj uu Èáñ' l=ula lshd ug j<yd

lshõ oe”hs lsjq h" “foajhka jykai"

woyd .; uekj" Yl% foafõkaøfhda ud

yer f.k ÈjHf,dalhg .shdyqh”hs fo

fjks ;=ka fjks j;a lshd .súiajd,sh


fkd yS Yl%foafõkaøhka úiska fok ,o

l=i ;K yd Èj i¿ wdÈh mE .súiajd

Æy' “jkakdg Yl% foafõkaøfhda f;dm

f.k .sfhda h' ore flfkl=ka ,ÿoe”hs

úpdrd “tfia h foajhka jykai" ore

flfkl=ka ,Èñ lsjq h'” tnia wid

i;=gq jQ rÊcqrefjda ìijqkag .n

fmryr ÿkay'

blaì;s ta ìijq o l%ufhka oi

tlvuila wejEfuka mq;Kq flfkl=ka

je¥y' ta l=udrhdyg l=i l=udrfhda

hhs kï ;=nQy' ta l=i l=udrhka mshjr

k.d weúÈkd ld,fhys wksla ÈjH

mq;%fhla foõ f,dúka wjq;a ìijqka

l=i Wmkay' ýg chïm;S hhs kï

;=nQy' ta rdc l=udrjre fofok uy;a jQ

fmryßka fmrvui i| fia u jeäúh

meñ‚hdy' uyd fndaêi;a;ajfhda ;uka

kqjKe;s fyhska ish¨ Ys,amhka u

wdpdÍ flfkl=kaf.ka fkd bf.k

ish kqj‚ka u oek ksu jQy' blaì;s

uyd fndaêi;a;ajhka fidf<dia yeúßÈ

jhig meñ‚ l,ays msh rÊcqrefjda

l=udrhka rdcHfhys wNsfIal lrkq

leu;sj ìijqka le|jd “foaùks" f;dmf.a

mq;Kqjka wNsfIal lrjd kdgl ia;%Ska

yd ftYaj¾h mdjd § Ôj;a jkakd jQ wms

rdÊcfhys msysáhdyqf.a Y%S úN+;sh ol=ïy'

fï uq¿ oUÈj hï rclayqf.a ÿjl leu;s

fõ o Wka f.kajd w.fufyiqka lrïy"

ljr rÊcqreflfkl=kaf.a l=udßldjl

leue;af;da o Wkaf.a wNsm%dh oek

lshj”hs lSy' ìijqka hym;ehs .súi

l=udrhkag fumj;a lshd wNsm%dh úpdrd

f.k tjhs lshd lïñ;a;l hjQy' ta

ia;%S f.diska fndaêi;a;ajhkag tmj;a

lsjq h' ta wid uy fndai;dfKda “uu

rE ke;af;ñ' rEmY%Ska hqla; jQ rdc

l=udßldjla f.fkk ,o kï ud oel

hll= fuka úrEm jQ fudyq f.ka ug

lï lsï oehs m,d hkakS h' ta wmg

,Êcd lghq;= jkafka h' tfyhska ug

.Dy jdifhka m%fhdack ke;' udmsh

fo fokd Ôj;a jk f;la Wmia:dk

fldg .=re fo fokd wejEfuka f.dia

uyK fjï h is;d uyfndaêi;a;ajfhda

;ukaf.a fï woyi ta lïñ;a;shg

lsjq h' ́ f;dfuda f.dia tmj;a ìijqkag

lsj' ìijq tmj;a rÊcqrejkag lSy' ta

wid rÊcqrefjda fkd i;=gqj kej;

lSm ojilska tf,i u lshd hjq h'

fndaêi;ajfhda fkd lue;af;a hhs ;=ka

h,la j<ld i;r fjks jdrfhys fo

ujqmshka lSjd fkd fldg jrojd ms<sme§u

lghq;= fkd fjhs" Bg ksis Wmfoila

flfrñhs is;d uyd fndaêi;ajfhda

;rd,a fogqjl= le|jd fndfyda r;arka

§ tla ia;%SrEmhla fldg f.fkjhs lshd

Tyq kslaujd ;=uq r;arkska ia;S% rEmhla

lf<da h'

fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a wNsm%dh is;+

me;+ f,i u isoaO jk neúka ta rkarej

lshd ksuúh fkd yels rEmfYdaNd

we;af;a úh' tl, uy fndaêi;a;ajfhda

ta rkarej iqr;a flduq ms<shla w|jd

Y%S hyka .¾Nfhys isgjQy' blaì;s

fndaêi;a;ajfhda ;rd, weÿrd úiska

f.fkk ,o rkarejg kskaod fldg

“hj" wmf.a .¾Nfhys ;=nQ iaj¾K rEmh

f.fkjhs iaj¾Kldrhdyg ksfhda.

lf<a h' ti| ta f.dia Y%S hyka .¾Nhg

jeo ta rkarej oel l=udrhka jykafia yd

iu. l%Svd ms‚i wd ÈjHmairdjla jkehs

is;d w; Èlalrkag;a fkd fmdai;aj

fndaêi;a;ajhka lrd f.dia “foajhka

jykai ìijqka jykafia ;ksj jevisá

fihska jeoao fkd fyñhs lS h' kej;

fndaêi;a;ajhka úiska “weÿr" t

rkarej iel ke;sj yer f.k tjhs

lshd hjk ,ÿj f.dia f.kdfha h'


blaì;s fndaêi;a;ajfhda nvd,d f.kd

r;%ka rej .fnys ,d ;uka l< rej

wdNrK wdÈka iryd r: hdkdfjlays

;nd “fun÷ rEmY%S we;s flfkl= ,Èka

kï mdjd .ksñ” lshd rkarej uE‚hka

iómhg hjQy' ta oel ìiõ i;=gq

j wud;Hhka /ia lrjd “i.fhks"

umq;Kqfjda kï uymske;a;dy' Yl%

foafõkaøhka úiska fok ,o flfkl'

tfyhska iqÿiq l=udßld flfkl=ka

,efn;s' f;ms yeu fï rkarej ms<sika

r: hdkdfjl ;nd f.k uq¿ oUÈj

weúÈñka hï rÊcqre flfkl=kaf.a

fun÷ rE we;s l=udßldjl ÿgq kï ta

rcyg fï rka rej § Tlaldl rÊcqrejka

jykafia kqUjykafia yd iu. újdy

iïnkaOhla lrkq leu;s fiale”hs lshd

ojiaa kshu fldg tjhs ksfhda. l<dyq

h'

ti| ta ksfhda. ,o weu;sfhda uy

fmryßka u ta rkarej yer f.k

weúÈkdyq hï kqjrlg meñfKoao tys

ijia fõf,ys fndfyda fokd /ia jk

f;kl ta rej jia;%dNrK l=iqud§ka

iryd rkaisúf.fhlays ;nd meka

f;dgg hk tk uxyi isgqjd ;=uQ bj;a j

hkq tkakka nia wikq ms‚i ieÕ ù

isákdy' tl, fndfyda fok ta rej

oel rkarejlehs fkd oek “ukqIHjQ;a

fuda f;dfuda ÈjHmairdj fuka b;d

fydnkS h' fuda f;dfuda fldhs isg

wjqoehs l=ula ksid fu;k isáhd o

wmf.a kqjr fun÷ rEmY%S we;s flfkla

ke;ehs hkd§ka m%Yxid flfrñka

hkakdy' tl, wud;Hfhda “bÈka

fukqjr fun÷ jQ l=udßld flfkla

we;akï wfida rÊcqrejkaf.a wfida

wud;Hhkaf.a Èh‚hka jeksfhda hhs

lsh;s' tf,i fkd lSfha taldka;fhka

fun÷ rE we;s flfkl=ka fukqjr

ke;s fyhske”hs ta rej yer f.k wksla

kqjrlg hkakdy' fï f,i l%ufhka

f.dia uÿrg id., kqjrg meñ‚hdyq h'

tkqjr uÿ rÊcqrejkaf.a ÈjH ia;%Ska yd

iudkj W;=ï jQ rEmfYdaNd we;s ¥ wg

fofkla we;' Tjqka weufokdg jeäud¨

m%Ndj;Sf.a YÍrfhka yeu fõf,ys u

nd,d¾lrYañhg n÷ jQ meye úysÿfKa

h' >kdkaOldr jQ;a rd;%sfhys i;rßhka

f.fhlays m%§mdf,dalhla ke;sj

YÍrdf,dalfhka u tldf,dal jkafka h'

Wkag lsßujq jQ l=ÿ f;dfuda m%Ndj;Skag

kyk meka f.fkk ms‚i ia;%Ska wg

fofkl= ,jd rka l< wgla f.kajdf.k

ijia fõf,ys mekg hkakS" Tlaldl

rÊcqrejkaf.a rkarej f.kd mqreIhka

úiska uxyi isgqjk ,o rej oel

m%Ndj;S hhs hk is;ska <Õg f.dia “fï

fkd lSlre orefjda wm mekg tjd ;=uQ

fï fõf, m<uq fldg wjqÈka fu;k

isáfhda h' rcl=,hg mßNj Wmojkakd

jQ fl,a," bÈka rÊcqrejka jykafia

o;a fiala ù kï wm yeu kid mshk

fiale”hs lshd lsmS fldmq,f;ys myrla

.eiqj' tflfKys w;a, me,S hk l,la

mßoafoka fõokdjg meñK rka rejlehs

oek ,Êcdj iskdfiñka “n,. ud l<

fohl' uï uf.a Èh‚hlehs is;d myrla

.eiSñ' fuda f;du udf.a orejkaf.a

rejg l=ula w.S o udf.a w;g wdhdi jQ

muKle”hs ;ud yd tlaj .shjqkag lsj'

tnia wid rdc ¥;fhda “udf.a Èh‚fhda

óg;a jvd rE we;a;dyhs lshkakdyq f;ms

l=ula lshõoe”hs úpd<dyq h'

tl, Tjqkag fï rkarej uÿ rÊcqrejkaf.a

Èh‚hka m%Ndj;Skaf.a rEmY%Ska

fidf<diajk l,dfjka l,djl=;a fkd

y`.fka hhs l=o lsj' Tyq tnia wid

i;=gqj rcf.hs jdi,g f.dia Tlaldl


rcacqrejkaf.ka wd ¥;fhda jdi,

isáhdyqh”hs uÿ rÊcqrejkag lshd hjqy'

tnia wid uÿ rÊcqrefjda Wkiafkka

ke.S isg “f.fkj f.fkj”hs jyd

f.kajd .k ÿgy' tl, ¥;fhda “foajhka

jykai" wmf.a rÊcqrejka jykafia

kqU jykafiaf.a iqjÿla úpd< fial'” hkd§ka l:d fldg lrk ,o iïNdjkd

we;sj rÊcqrejka úiska “l=ula ms‚i

wjq oe”hs úpd< l,ays “wmf.a rÊcqrejka

jykafiaf.a isxy .¾ckdjg n÷ jQ

wNS; kdo we;s l=i kï l=udrfhla

we;' wmf.a rÊcqrejka jykafia Wka

jykafiag rdcHh fokq leu;s fiala"

kqU jykafia iómhg tjQ fial' kqU

jykafiaf.a m%Ndj;S kï l=udßldjka

jykafia fï rkarej úhoug wer f.k

fojd jod< uekeje”hs lsjq h'

ta wid uÿ rÊcqrefjda fun÷ jQ

uyrÊcqre flfkl=ka yd iu. újdy

iïnkaOfhla jkafka hhs i;=gq j

uekjehs .súiaidy' tl, ¥;fhda “wm

úiska l,a heúh fkd yelehs jyd f.dia

rdcl=udßld flfkla we;s kshdj

wmf.a rÊcqrejka jykafiag lshïy'

Wka jykafia u wjq;a le|jd f.k hk

fiale”hs lsjq h" ta rÊcqrefjda;a hym;ehs

ms<sf.k ¥;hkag m%ido § hjQy' Tyq

f.dia tmj;a rÊcqrejkag yd ìijqkag

lsjq h' tmj;a wid Tlaldl rÊcqrefjda

uy msßjßka l=idj;S kqjßka kslau

l%ufhka f.dia id., kqjrg meñ‚hy'

tnj wid uÿ rÊcqrefjda isjqr`. fik`.

msßjrd fmr .uka f.dia kqjrg le|jd

f.k f.dia uy;a i;aldr iïNdjkd

l<dyq h' lSmojilska Tlaldl

rÊcqrejkaf.a iS,j;S foaùf;dfuda

kqjKe;s neúka ljqre oksoaoehs is;d

rÊcqrejka jykafia fhfy<‚hka

olakd leue;a;ïyhs uÿ rÊcqrejkag

lsjq h' rÊcqrefjda;a uekjehs ms<sf.k

Èh‚hka le|jd hjq h' ti| m%Ndj;S

i¾jdNrKfhka ieriS lsßujqka

úiska msßjrk ,ÿj wjq;a kekao‚hka

oel,d isáhdy' iS,j;S foaú m%Ndj;Ska

oel fï l=udßld hym;a rE we;a;S h'

umq;Kqfjda úrEmhy' bÈka uQ Wka Ègqyq

kï tlojil=;a fkdr|d m,d hkakdy'

Bg ksis Wmdhla flfrñhs is;d blaì;s

ìij “uyrc" udf.a fhfy<‚fhda

umq;Kqjkag ksiaiy' t;l=ÿ Wj;a wmf.a

jxY mrïmrdfjka mej; tk pdß;%fhla

we;' bÈka uQ ta jQ f,i ms<smÈ;a kï

le|jdf.k hïyhs uÿ rÊcqrejkag

lsjq h' ta wid uÿ rÊcqrefjda “ljr

wdpdrfhla oe”hs úpd<y' wmf.a

jxifhys ore .¾Nhla msysgk f;la

ia;%Syq odj,a idñmq;%hd olskag fkd

,n;s' bÈka uQ tf,i mj;s;a kï

le|jd f.k hïy”hs lsjq h' ta wid

rÊcqrefjda “Èh‚fhks" tf,i mj;skag

ms<sjkaoe”hs úpd<y' m%Ndj;S ‘hym;e’hs

.súiaiy' blaì;s Tlaldl rÊcqrefjda uÿ

rÊcqrejkag fndfyda iïm;a § m%Ndj;Ska

le|jdf.k .shy' uÿ rÊcqrefjda;a

uyfmryßka Èh‚hka kslaujQy'

Tlaldl rÊcqrefjda f.dia l=idj;S kqjr

ÈjHmqrhla fuka irid nkaOk.;

ish¨ i;a;ajhka uqod yrjd mq;Kqjkag

m%Ndj;Ska w. fufyiqka fldg wNsfIal

lrjd l=i rÊcqrejkaf.a wd{dj hhs

wKfnr ,jd fiai;a kexjQy'

oUÈj ish¨ rcorefjda ;uka ;ukaf.a

orejka l=i rÊcqrejkag fiajh ms‚i

tjQy' tl, fndaêi;ajfhda k¿ kdgldÈ

uy;a msßjßka hqla;j wmuK jQ

ftYaj¾hfhka rdcH Y%S ú|skdy'

ti| l=i rÊcqrejka yd m%Ndj;S

foaú yd fofokd Èjd Nd.fhys


Tjqfkdjqka fkd oel rd;%sfhys

u olakdy' ta m%Ndj;Skaf.a YÍr

fYdaNdj uydfndêi;a;ajhka f;aciska

iQ¾hdf,dalfhys lfodame‚hka fuka o

Èjd pkaøhd mßoafoka o ksIam%Nd úh' l=i

rÊcqrefjda;a Y%S hyka .ìka myka jkakg

m<uq j msg;a jkakdy' fuf,iska l,la

.sh i| m%Ndj;Ska odj,a olakd leu;sj

uE‚hkag lsjq h' uE‚fhda;a Tyq nia

wid “mq;Kqfjks ore flfkl=ka ,nk

l,a bjiqj”hs kej;+y'

fndaêi;a;ajfhda kej; kej;;a

weúá,s fldg lsjq h' tl, uE‚fhda

“olakd leu; fyd;a we;ay,g f.dia

we;af.dõjka yd tlaj isgqj" uu t;kg

le|jd.k tñ" tl, weia mqrd oel mshj"

f;dm jQ kshdj fkd y`.j”hs lsjq h'

fndaêi;a;ajfhda;a hym;ehs ms<sf.k

we;ay,g .shdyq h' tl,ays iS,j;S foaú

m%Ndj;Ska we;ay,g le|jd f.k f.dia

fï wij,a we;d h fï wij,a kï

we;d hhs kï lsh lshd olaj olajd hk

i| l=i rÊcqrefjda m%Ndj;Skaf.a msg

we;a b,;a;shla .eiQy' tl, m%Ndj;S

“rÊcqrejka jykafiag lshd f;dmf.a w;

lmamd,ñ” hkd§ka lshd ìijqka ,jd;a

fldam lerjQ h" ti| ìijq m%Ndj;Skaf.a

msg w;ska msß ueo “fï we;ay,

fld,af,da kï b;d pm,fhda h' kqU

jykafiag WrKjkafkda h”hs hkd§ka

lshd wiajid rcf.g .shyq h'

;j o lf,lska fndaêi;a;ajfhda

m%Ndj;Ska olakd leu;sj fmr

mßoafoka u uE‚hkag lshd wiai,g

f.dia wiai,hlayq mßoafoka isg

m%Ndj;Ska oel t;k §;a wiafnÜgla

.eiQ h' toji o lsmshd jQ m%Ndj;Ska ìijq

ikays÷jQ h' blaì;s l,ahdfuka m%Ndj;Ss

fndaêi;a;ajhka olakd leu;s jkehs

kekao‚hkag lshd Wka úiska j<lk

,ÿj kej;;a hdÉ[d fldg ìijqka

úiska “tfia ù kï l=i rÊcqrefjda fig

kqjr meol=Kq flfr;s' f;ms tafj,djg

iSueÿre ljq¿fjka ol=j”hs lshd fojk

ojia kqjr iryjd rÊcqrejkaf.a

u,Kqjka chïm;s l=udrhka

rdcdNrKfhka iryd uÕ=,e;=msg

ys÷jd fndaêi;a;ajhka we;af.djq

fõYfhka mYaÑudikfhys b÷jd

kqjr meol=Kq lrjd m%Ndj;Ska le|jd.k

iSueÿre ljq¿fjka n,ñka “f;dmf.a

iajdñmq;%hdKkaf.a Y%S úN+;sh n,j”hs

lsjq h' tl, m%Ndj;S chïm;s l=udrhka

oel “ug iqÿiq j,a,NhdK flfkl=ka

,Èñ˜ i;=gq jQ h' tojia we;af.dõ

fjiska msámi Wka fndaêi;a;aajfhda

is;a jQ mßoafoka m%Ndj;Ska olsñka yia;

úldr uqLúldrfhka Wiq¿ úiq¿ mE

fl<shy'

tf,i we;a .sh miq “f;dmf.a

iajdñmq;%hdKka ÿgqoe”hs m%Ndj;Ska

úpdrd Wka úiska “iajdóks" Èáñ

msámiafia Wka we;af.djq b;d u pm,h"

ug Wiq¿ úiq¿ mEfha h" tn÷ jQ fkd

yslauqKq mskau| ;eke;a;jq l=ula ms‚i

rÊcqrejkag msámiafia b÷jq oe”hs lsjq h'

tnia wid ìijq “Èh‚fhks" rÊcqrejkag

wdrlaId ms‚i ie,iQ we;af.dõjdh”hs

j<yd lsjq h' ta wid m%Ndj;S “fï

we;af.dõjd b;d ks¾NS; h" rÊcqrejkag

rÊcqre flfklehs fkd is;hs' fï

lsfula o l=i rÊcqrefjda kï uQ u

jkehs taldka;fhka Wka rE ke;s

flfkl=ka úh hq;= h' ta ldrKfhka

ud fkd olaj;s” is;d l=o le|jd “hj

uE‚hks" l=i rÊcqrefjda we;=msg

bÈßfh Wka ;eke;af;da o fkdfyd;a

msámiafia Wka f;ke;af;da oehs kshu


oekf.k tj”hs lsjq h' tú.i “uu

flfia oek .ksïoe”hs úpd<y' l=og

“m<uqfhka we;=msg ng f;ke;af;da

rÊcqrefjda h' fuf,i i,l=fKka

kshu oek f.k tj”hs lsjq h' ta ksfhda.

,o l=o f.dia tla f;kl isg m<uq

fldg fndaêi;a;aajhka yd fofjksj

chïm;s l=udrhka ng kshdj ÿg' tl,

fndaêi;a;ajfhda wE; uE; n,d ÿr isg

l=o oel uE wdfha fï mÍlaId lrkakg

hhs oek <`.g le|jd “fï f;dr;=re

fkd lshj”hs lshd kslaujQy' ´ f.diska

“fmr wdikfha Wka f;ke;af;da u

m<uq fldg u ngqh”hs lshd .súiajd Æy'

kej; l,a hdulska fndaêi;a;ajfhda

m%Ndj;Ska olakd leu;sj uE‚hkag

lsjq h' ìfida kj;d .; fkdyS “tfia

ù kï wm%isoaO fõYfhka Whfka f.dia

isgqj”hs lsjq h'

tnia wid l=i rÊcqrefjda Whkg

f.diska uÕ==,a fmdl=fKa lrjgla

Èhg nei fk¨ï m;lska bi jid

f.k fk¨ï u,lska uQK jid f.k

isáhdyq h' ìijqka m%Ndj;Ska Whkg

le|jd f.k f.dia ijia fõf,ys

mqIamM,m,a,jfhka i[apkak jQ imq

ÿkqfla kd mkd iSksoao fnda,soao oEiuka

wdÈ .ia ,sh o .srd fndl,a wE mlaISka o

olajñka uÕ=,a Whka weúo f.k wef.a

is;a fmd,Uñka fmdl=Kq f;rg .sfhda h'

tflfKys m%Ndj;S f;dfuda miamshqfuka

.ejiS .;a fmdl=K oel kykq leu;sj

msßjr yd iu. fmdl=Kg nei fl<sñka

uyfndaêi;a;ajhka uQK jid f.k

isá mshqug w; Èla l<d h' tl,ays

rÊcqrefjda fk¨ïm; bj;a fldg “uu

l=i rch”hs m%Ndj;Ska w; we,aÆ h'

Tyqf.a uqLh oel “hlaIfhla ud w;

w,ajd .;e”hs uqr.dñka Nhska uQ¾Pdj

.shd h' ti| rÊcqrefjda w; wermSy'

blaì;s ìfida isys ,Èka is;kakdyq “ud

w; we,a¨fjda bÈka l=i rÊcqrefjda ù

kï we;a;, § b,;a;sfhkq;a wiai,

§ wiafnáfhkq;a uqka úiska u .ik

,Èñ' we;=f.a mYaÑudikfhys o ud

fjfyijQfjda;a uQ u h' fufia úrEm jQ

ÿ¾uqL jQ j,a,Nhdf.ka ug m%fhdack

lsï o" Ôj;aj Wksï kï ug j,a,Nhka

wreu fkd jkafka h”hs is;d ;uka yd

tlaj wd wud;Hhka hjd “hdk jdyk

iryj" wo ojfia u kslafuñ”hs lSy'

Tyq tmj;a rÊcqrejkag lSjdyq h' ta

wid rÊcqrefjda “uQ hkag wjir fkd

,oaÿ kï <h me<S ñh hkakdy' jkakdg

oekg fh;aj”hs kej; udf.a n,fhka

f.kajd .ksñ is;d .uka wkqo;ay'

tl,ays m%Ndj;S msßjr yd iu. msh

rÊcqrejkaf.a id., kqjrg u .sfhda h'

m%Ndj;S f;du l=i rÊcqrejkag cd;sfhys

l< m%d¾:kdfjka fkd leu;s jqj fndaê

i;a;ajfhda o mQ¾jfhys lrk ,o wl=i,

n,fhka úrEmj .shy'

ta flfiao h;a

hg.sh oji nrKeia kqjrg kqÿre .fulays

ùÓ foll flf<ô l=, foflla

we;af;a h' bka f.hl mq;a;= fokafkla

jQy' blaì;s fndaêi;a;ajfhda nd,

u,Kqfjday'

wksla flf<ô l=,fhys Èh‚ flfkla

jQy' ta l=udßldj fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a

nEKkag irK f.kajQ h' fndaêi;ajfhda

fjk f.hla fodrla ke;sj nEKkaf.a

f.hs jdih flfr;s' blaì;s tla ojfil

w;sri lejqï msi lsis lghq;a;la ksid

j, .sh fndaêi;a;ajhkag ;snd ;=uQ fo

fok wkqNj l<y'


tfõf,ys is`.d jeä mfia nqÿ flfkl=ka

jykafia oel fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a

neoE‚fhda Wkag lejqï miqj msi Èh

yelalehs is;d fndaêi;a;ajhkag ;snQ

fldgi ms<s.ekajQy' fndaêi;a;ajfhda

“f;dm ika;l fldgi ld mshd uf.a

fldgi oka fokag ldrKd lsï oe”hs lsmS

ÿqn|jd f.diska mfia nqÿkajykafiaf.a

md;%fha ;=nQ lejqï wr.;a;= h' tl,

ia;%S uE‚hkaf.a f.g f.dia imqu,a

fm;a;la fia >krkajka jQ w¨;a oejQ

.sf;,a f.k md;%fhys mqrd i;=gqj

“iajdóks" ud Wmkqmka cd;sfhys

udf.a YÍrfhka wdf,dal me;sf¾jhs

W;=ï jQ rE we;sfjïjhs wi;amqreIhd

yd tl;ek jdih fkd flfrïj”hs

lshd l< m%d¾:kd jYfhka m%Ndj;S

fndaêi;a;ajhka fkd leu;s jQ h'

fndaêi;a;ajfhda o mfia nqÿkajykafiaf.a

md;%hg lejqï fldgi ms<s.kajd

“iajdóks" bÈka fhdÿka ishhl Wkak;a

uqka udf.a n,fhka f.kajd f.k ug

mdomßpdßld lrkag iu¾: fjïj˜hs

m%d¾:kd lf<da h'

lsmS f.dia mfia nqÿkaf.a md;%fha ;=nQ

lejqï yer .;a fyhska uqLh úiq¿ j

.sfha h' fï f;u fudjqkaf.a mQ¾jl%shd

jkafka h' fndaêi;ajfhda m%Ndj;Ska .sh

kshdj wid fYdalhg meñ‚hy' wjfYAI

kdgl ia;S%yq fkdfhla m%ldrfhka is;a

k<jkakdyq fmd,Ud .; kqyqKqjy'

m%Ndj;Ska ke;s rcf.h l=i rÊcqrejkag

ysiajQjdla fuka jegfykafka h'

fuf,iska rd;%sfhys fndfyda ÿla ú|

w¨hu ke.S isg id., kqjrg f.dia

m%Ndj;S foaù le|jd f.k tñ lshd ud

tk f;la rdcHh mshdKkajykafiag

fõjdhs u,Kqjkag fõjhs mdjd § ,Sï kï

kej; wer.ekau wdhdi fõ oehs is;d

uE‚hka iS,j;S foaùka iómhg f.dia

“uE‚hka jykai Ok OdkHd§ka Nß;

jQ we;awe‚ wiawe‚ ßhn,hhs isõr`.

fik.ska hqla; jQ mxpll=ONdKavhka

we;s ish¨ WmfNda. mßfNda. jia;=fjka

iuDoaO jQ fï rdcHh m%Ndj;S le|jd

f.k tk f;la mdjd .; uekje”hs

uE‚hkag lshd wjir b,ajQy'

tnia wid ìfida ìhm;aj “mq;" ia;%Syq kï

fkdfhla jxpd oks;s” hkd§ka wjjdo

lshd u. § wkqNj lrk ms‚i wk.s

rifhka hqla; jQ rdcfNdackh rkauqvul

mqrd ÿkay' ti| uydfndaêi;a;ajfhda

uE‚hka ;=kah,la meol=Kq fldg

miÕ msysgqjd je| “Ôj;aj Wksï kï

iemfia wjq;a olsfkï fõoe”hs lshd

wjir b,ajd f.k Y%Shyka .nvdjg

jeo ÿkquq.=re lvq fldka; fidá hk

m[apdhqO ikakoaOj f.k n;a uqvu

yd iu. lyjkq oyil=;a mhsfhys ,d

f.k fldlko kï ùKdj w;ska f.k

kqjßka msg;aj u.g ms<smkaj uy;a

jQ n,ù¾h we;s uydfndaêi;a;ajfhda

tojia odj,a n;g mkia fhdÿka u.

f.jd f.k f.dia n; wkqNj fldg

miajre Nd.fhys ;=nQ mkia fhd;ak

f.jd f.dia ijia fõf,ys meka ikyd

id., kqjrg jkay' fndaêi;a;ajhka

tkqjrg jka flfKys u m%Ndj;S

Wkiafkys b| fkd yS hyfkka ìug

nei mqj' tl, kqjrg jeo úvdm;a j

hkakd jQ fndaêi;a;ajhka oel tla;rd

ia;s%hla ;udf.a f.g le|jd f.k

f.dia b¢kd wiqka § mh fidaOjd ie;mS

yqka l,ays n;aud¿ imhd wkqNj lrjQ

h' ti| i;=gq jQ uydfndaêi;a;ajfhda

rkauqvu yd iu. uiqodi ta ia;s%hg §

f.k .sh m[apdhqOh tu f.hs ;nd “ud

f.dia wd hq;= ;efkla wef;”hs lshd


ùKdj w;g wer f.k we;ay<g f.dia

“fï rd;%sfhys ie;fmk f;kla fojq

kï f;dmg ùKd .dhkd flfrñ” lshd

we;af.dõjka úiska wkqokakd ,ÿj tla

f;kl jeo fyj u|la ksod msìo .uka

úvd ikays÷jd f.k ùKdj ;;a iryd

ish¨ kqjrjdiS i;ajfhda fï wi;ajhs

is;d .S lshñka ùKd .dhkd lrkakdy'

tl,ays ìu jeo fyd;a m%Ndj;S o ta

Yíoh wid fï wksla flfkl=kaf.a

ùKd Yíofhla fkd fjhs taldka;fhka

l=i rÊcqrejka jykafia ud ksid fï

kqjrg wd fiala u hhs o;a;dyq h'

uÿ rÊcqrefjda o úKd Yíoh wid “b;d

ñysß fldg .dhkd lrkafka h' fig

Tyq le|jd .dhkd lrkag Wjuekje˜hs

is;=y' fndaêi;a;ajfhda fu;k úiSfuka

m%Ndj;Ska oelal fkd yelal" tfyhska

wia:dkhhs Wodikla fia u we;ay,ska

kslau iji n;a wkqNj l< f.ka u

fmr n;a wkqNj fldg ùKdj f.hs ;nd

uÿ rÊcqrejkaf.a u.=,a l=U,df.a f.g

f.dia ýg w;jeisj tl ojiska u

ueá f.k yer “wdpdÍks j<ka flfrï

oe˜hs úpdrd" “tfiah" l< uekje”hs

lS i| ueámsvla werf.k iflys ;nd

il lrlejQy' tflfKys tl úg

lrljk ,o ta il br uqÿkg tk

f;la u lrleúK' uydfndaêi;a;ajfhda

fkdfhla m%ldr we;s l=vd uy;a fndfyda

j<ka rE k.d fldg fï rE m%Ndj;Ska

úkd wksla ljqre;a fkd ols;ajhs

wêIAGdk l<dyq h'

fuf,iska j<ka Wld úh<d m,yd

l=U,ay, msrEy' ti| l=U,afogqjd

fkdfhla úis;=re w;alï olajd lrk

,o j<ka f.kajd f.k f.dia rÊcqrejka

oelaù h' tl, uÿ rÊcqrefjda kqÿgq

úrE u j<ka oel i;=gq j fï lf<da

ljqre oehs úpdrd l=U,d úiska “uu h"

iajdóks” lSl,ays “f;dmf.a l¾udka;h

uu fkd oksï o fkd j<yd lshj”hs

;rj úpd< i| “foajhka jykai udf.a

w;jeiaid úiska lrk ,oe”hs lS h'

“tU, ta ;g w;jeis lug ksis tflla

fkd fjhs weÿrelug ksiafida h' f;da

fu;eka mgka Wkaf.ka is,am W.kqj'

;j o tf;u fu;eka mgka udf.a

orejkag fl<sj<ka flf¾j˜hs

ksfhda. fldg —fï ýg fojd,˜hs

fndaêi;ajhkag rka uiqoyila hjd fï

l=vd j<ka orejkag foj”hs hjQy'

l=U,d o ta j<ka werf.k wka;#mqrf.g

f.dia fl<sj<ka f.kdñ lshd

hjqfha h' tnia wid rdcl=udßldjre

t;kg /iajQ h' ta l=U,d úiska

j<ka fnok i| fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a

wdkqNdjfhka m%Ndj;Ska Wfoid rE k.d

lrk ,o j<ka u Wkag Èk' ti| m%Ndj;S

ta j<kaj, uydfndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a yd

;ukaf.a yd l=of.a rE oel “fï wksla

flfkl=ka úiska l< fohla fkd fjhs

l=i rÊcqrejka úiska u lrk,oe”hs

lsmS “fuhska ug m%fhdack ke; leu;s

flfkl=kag § mshj”hs lsjq h' ti|

Wkaf.a k.= lsms nj oek fï l=i

rcqcqrejka jykafia úiska l< fohlehs

is;jq o" l=U,d úiska l<d h" wer.kqj”hs

hkd§ka lsjq h' ta m%Ndj;S f;du l=i

rÊcqrejka t kqjr .sh nj o ta j<ka Wka

úiska l< nj o Tjqkag fkdlSj' blaì;s

l=U,d rÊcqrejkaf.ka hjk ,o uiqoyi

f.k f.dia fndaêi;a;ajhkag § “in|"

rÊcqrejka jykafia f;dmg iudê jQ fial'

fu;eka mgka rdcl=udßldjrekag u

f;ms j<ka lrj" uu ta f.kf.dia

foñ” lSfhah' ta wid fndaêi;a;ajfhda

“m%Ndj;Ska fu;k jid;a oelal fkd


yelale”hs is;d ta lyjkqoyi ýg

u § t;kska f.dia rÊcqrejkag uÕ=,a

fufy lrk k<lrejd <`.g f.dia

ýg w;jeisj ;,a jegla fldg tys u

fiai;h" rdy,h" rd Tvu f.k isá

m%Ndj;Skaf.a rEmh hkd§ úis;=re jQ

w;alï oelajQ h' k<lrejd ta ;,ajeg

wd§ fndaêi;a;ajhka úiska lrk ,o

l¾udka; úfYaIh f.dia oelaù h'

rÊcqrefjda ta l¾udka; úfYAIh oel

“fu;,ajeg wdÈh ljqreka úiska lrk

,oafoa oe”hs hkd§ka fmr mßoafoka úpdrd

uiqoyila § fu;,ajeg wdÈh “udf.a

l=udßldjrekag foj”hs ksfhda. l<y'

ta l¾udka;hka fnod fok k<lrejd o

fndaêi;a;ajhka úiska m%Ndj;Ska Wfoid

lrk ,o ;,ajeg Wkag u ÿkafka h'

ti| m%Ndj;S ta úis;=re rEmhka oel

l=i rÊcqrejka úiska lrk ,o nj oek

leu;s flfkla wer.kqjhs ìug oeuQj"

ta oel b;sß l=udßldjreka fjfyik

,o' k<lrejd rÊcqrejka úiska fok ,o

uiqoyi f.k f.dia fndaêi;a;ajhkag

ÿkafka h'

blaì;s fndaêi;a;ajfhda “fuhs;a ug

wia:dkh”hs is;d ta rka ýg § t;kska

f.dia rÊcqrejkaf.a ud,dldrhdg

w;jeisj fkdfhla m%ldr we;s u,amá

f.d;d m%Ndj;Ska ms‚i fkdfhla reúka

úis;=re fldg u,aiqUq,la o l<dyq h'

u,alrejd;a ta ish,a, yer f.k f.dia

rÊcqrejkag ÿkafka h'

rÊcqrefjda;a úfYaI l¾udka;h oel

“fï f.;=fjda ljqre oe”hs úpdrd

“foajhka jykai" ud úiske”hs lSl,ays

“f;dmf.a u,a f.;Su wms fkd okqfuda o

fï f.;=jka lshj”hs ;rfha úpdrk

,oafoa “w;jeiaid úiska f.d;k ,oe˜hs

lSfha h' tnia wid rÊcqrefjda “tf;u

w;jeiafila fkd fjhs" f;dmg

weÿrelug ksis h' Tyq flfrka u,a

f.;Sï bf.k .kqj" Tyq ,jd u fu;eka

isg udf.a orejkag u,a f.d;d,j”hs

i;=gqj uiqoyila § “ fï u,alï

orejkag foj”hs hjQy'

ta u,alrejd o fndaêi;a;ajhka úiska

m%Ndj;Ska Wfoid rE k.d lrk ,o

u,aiqUq, Wkag u ÿkafka h' m%Ndj;S o ta u,a

iqUqf,ys l=i rÊcqrejkaf.a yd ;ukaf.a

yd fkdfhla rE oel l=i rÊcqrejkaa l<

nj oek lsmS ìug oeuQj' f;iq k.= fmr

mßoafoka u fjfyiQ h' u,alrejd o

uiqoyi f.k f.dia fndaêi;a;ajhkag

§ tmj;a lSfha h' fndaêi;a;ajfhda

—fuhs;a ug wia:dkh”hs t rka ýg

§ t;kska rÊcqrejkaf.a wrlaleñhd

lrd f.dia ýg w;jeisj ojila

wrlaleñhd rÊcqrejkag fï jvd

f.k hñka ;uyg msik ms‚i

fndaêi;a;ajhkag weguqiq ovuila §,d

.sfha h' fndaêi;a;ajfhda o ta wegh

msi uq¿ kqjr iqj| me;sfrk fia ÿï

lrjQ y' ti| rÊcqrefjda iqj| wid

“lsfula o" uq¿;ekaf.hs wksla ud¿jl=;a

msi;aoe”hs úpdrd wrlaleñhd úiska

“foajhka jykai" wksla msik ud¿jla

ke;af;a h' t;l=ÿ j;a weguqiq uila

wm weug msik f,i w;jeiaidg È,d

wdñhs" tys iqj| úh hq;= h”hs lS i|

rÊcqrefjda ta f.kajd f.k bka iq`.la

wkqNj fldg neÆ h' tflfKys tys

ri i;aishhla muK ri kyrj,

me;sr isáfha h' rÊcqrefjda ta ri

;DIaKdfjys ne£ ýg uiafika oyila

§ “fu;eka mgka f;dmf.a w;jeiaid

,jd ug;a udf.a orejkag;a n;a ud¿

msi ud orejkag Tyq úiska f.k

fokag lshj" f;da wmg f.fkj”hs

ksfhda. lf<a h' wrlaleñ f.dia


fndaêi;a;ajhkag lSfha h' tnia wid

fndaêi;a;ajfhda “oeka udf.a ufkdar:h

uia;lm%dma; j .sfhah”hs i;=gqj

“fu;eka mgka m%Ndj;Ska olsñ” is;d

ýg rkaoyi § fojk ojia n;aud¿

msi rÊcqrejkag § wrlaleñhd w; hjd

rdc l=udßldjrekag f.k hk jiqka

lo ;=uQ yer f.k f.dia m%Ndj;Skaf.a

ud<s.djg kex.yq h' ti| m%Ndj;Ska

jiqka lo f.fkk fndaêi;a;ajhka oel

uqka jykafia ;uka jykafiag kqiqÿiq jQ

jy,a l<ukd foh lrk fial' bÈka

uu ojia .Kkla neK fkd ke.S Wksï

kï uQ ud leue;af;da jkehs is;d wka

f;klg f.dia ud oel oel fuys jdih

lrk fial' tfia fkd fldg fuys

weis,a,l=;a fkd r|d hk ieáfha neK

fodvd kslaujñ is;d fodr wvj, fldg

f.kf.dia tla w;lska fodr w,ajd

f.k w`.=¿ lkqfõ je;sr isg “l=i

rÊcqrejka jykai" fun÷ jQ ldßhla

bÈka Ôú;h fia kuq;a fkd lrk fial'

t;l=ÿ jqj;a ud ksid Wodikh ijih

uOHu rd;%s h uOHdyakh hk úNd.hla

ke;sj Èh or iemhSï mssiSï leùï

fmùï wdÈ ySkl%shdfjka yd ÿ¾fNdack

ÿlaLfihHdfjka ojia hjñka fuys

isg ÿla fkd ú| kqU jykafiaf.a

l=idj;S kqjrg ke.S f.dia ud flfrys

is;sú,a,la fkd is;d kqU jykafia jeks

il=re mQjla fia odye,S .sh uqyqKq we;s

hlskakl w.fufyiqka fldg f.k

rdcHh l< uekj' bÈka úrEm jQ kqU

jykafia flf;la l,a ó b| ÿla

WK;a uu fkd leue;af;ñ" fkd r|d

jyd kslauqKq uekj”hs lsjq h' tl,ays

uydfndaêi;a;ajfhda m%Ndj;Skaf.ka

fuúpr l:d iïNdIKhla ,Èñhs i;=gqj

“uqjfmd,a,kag n÷ jQ weia we;s

fyaudNrK úN+Is; .d;%d we;s ukd jQ là

m%foaY we;s rkalñka úis;=re jQ jia;%fhka

fYdaNudk jQ foay we;s m%Ndj;Sks" f;dmf.a

rEm fi!kao¾hfhka meyer .kakd ,o

is;a we;s laf,aYdkaOldrfhka jik

,ÿj ÈlaúNd.fhys wiu¾: fyhska

l=idj;S kï rdcOdkshg hd fkdtñ'

ta rdcHY%Sfhka ug m%fhdack

ke;af;a h" furg u jdih lrñ” lSy'

fndaêi;a;ajhka úiska fuf,i

lS l,ays uQ úms,sirj ke.S fh;s" mßNj

fldg lshñka isáh § u ud flfrys

we,S u l:d flfr;s" bÈka uQ uu

l=irc hhs wjq;a ud w; w,ajd .;a;=

kï ljqre j<l;a oehss f.g jeo fodr

w.=¿ ,d .;a;= h'

fndaêi;a;ajfhda o jiak yer f.k

f.dia f;iq rdcl=udßldjreka n;a

lejQy' blaì;s m%Ndj;S “l=i rÊcqrejka

úiska imhk ,o wdydrh f.fkj˜hs

l=og úOdk fldg f.kajd f.k “fï

n;a wkqNj fkd flfrñ" f;dms ,;a

n;a mshd fï n;a f;dms ld mshj" l=i

rÊcqrejkajykafia fukqjrg wd nj

ldg;a fkd y`.jj˜hs lsjq h' t;eka

mgka l=o;a m%Ndj;Skaf.a n;a fldgi ;=uQ

wkqNj fldg ;ukaf.a n;a m%Ndj;Skag

fokakS h'

l=i rÊcqrefjda t;eka mgka m%Ndj;Ska

fkd olakdyq h' ud flfrys m%Ndj;Ska

iafkay we;s ke;s nj mÍlaId flfró

is;d tla ojila rdcl=udßldjreka

n;a ljd j<ka lo f.k hñka

m%Ndj;Skaf.a fodr iómfhys wä

wek j<ka w`vjd mels, jeá yS

fl¢ß .dñka T;a;dyq h' tl, m%Ndj;S

fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a fl¢ß .Eú,s wid

f.hs fodr wer n,d lo lr ;nd f.k

jeo fyd;a;jqka oel “uqkajykafia

uq¿ oUÈjg w.%rdchka fial' ud ksid


? odj,a ÿla ú¢ñka isõue,s neúka

jiqka lo nßka ueã jeà .sh fial'

bÈka wuq;af;la ù kï ug óg jvd

je/oafola ke;' m%dKh weoao keoaoehs

mÍlaId flfrñ˜hs is;d Nh f.k f.ka

msg;aj fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a Yajdih

mÍlaId lrkq ms‚i keUqrej uqyqK

ne¨j' ti| l=i rÊcqrefjda fl< lgla

mqrd f.k m%Ndj;Ska uqyqKg oeuQy'

tl, m%Ndj;S neK fodvd f.dia f.g

jeo fodr wvj¨ fldg “rÊcqrejka

jykai" hfula úrEmSj rE we;a;ka

m%d¾:kd flf¾ o fkd leu;shka leu;s

fõ o ýg wjev jkafka h” hkd§ka

m%Ndj;Ska úiska fkd fhla f,i neK

fodvd mßNj l<;a fndaêi;a;ajfhda

Wka flf¾ fkd l,lsÍ “tïnd

m%Ndj;Sks" fï f,dalfhys hï mqreIfhla

f,daldiajdor;s jYfhka ;ud fkd

leu;s jQ o ia;s%hf.ka o¾Ykh iam¾Yh

iïNdIKh iïfNda.hhs hk fuhska

tla;rd ikaf;daI ldrKhla ,efí o

tfia ,nk ,o ,dNh ukd jQ ,dNhlehs

m%Yxid lrïy' ;ud fkd leu;sj;a

ia;s%h flfrka m%S;shla fkd ,eîu kmqre

jkafka h' tfyhska f;dmf.a o¾Yk

,dNd§ ftYaj¾h ú¢ñka fuys u jdih

flfró” lSy'

fndaêi;a;ajhka fuf,i lS l,ays;a

m%Ndj;S u|l=;a miq fkd nei

;o fldg u lshd fudyq m,jñ is;d

“u|l=;a iafkyr;s jYfhka fkd

leue;a;djQ;a ud flfrys ms<sn| is;ska

leu;sj jikakd jQ f;ms msmdidfjka

mSä;j fnd<|lñka lsysß W,la werf.k

.,afmd;a;la leK meka yer .kakd

leu;shlayq o >¾ufhka mSä;j oe,la

ne| iq<ka r|jkaklayq yd o iudk h” hkd§ka ;omreI nia lshd fovqj'

tnia wid l=irÊcqrefjda “pdgq ufkda{

jQ wx.m%;Hx.d§ ia;%Sfi!Nd.Hfhka

hqla; jQ m%Ndj;Sks" wfkalfldaá yd

kdgl ia;%Ska yd wkka;iduka;pl%

fu!,sud,,d,s; mdo mSG we;s rdcHY%S o

yer fmr f;dm flfrys ne÷Kq is;ska fkd

rgg meñK ÿla ú¢ñka f;dm yd iu.

fm%Audkaú; jQ l:d iïNdIK ud;%hl=;a

fkd ,oaod jQ uu ydjNdj,S,dlgdlaI

ksÍlaIKukaoiañ;uOquOqrNdIs;d§

fi!Nd.Hfhka hqla; fldau,dx. we;s

f;dmf.a <h .,lska lrk ,oehs is;ñ'

;j o m%Ndj;Sks" f;ms hï muK l,la

fldamfhka neu ì| rEIagj n,kakS o

ta ;dla uÿ rÊcqrejkaf.a fï Njkfhys

ÿla ú¢ñka wrlaleñj jdih flfrñ'

hï lf,lays iskd my< lr iaks.aO jQ

ksÍlaIKfhka i;=gqj n,kafkys o tl,

Ñ;a; ika;dmhka ÿre fldg rdcHY%Shg

meñ‚hdla fuka fjñ' tfyhska

fid÷r fu;eka mgka fun÷ jQ ;ouka

fkd lrj” hkd§ka hd{d lSjdyq h'

tnia wid m%Ndj;S f;du fuf;u j÷re

,dfjys ne÷Kq jdkrhlayq mßoafoka

ud flf¾ b;d Yla;j lshkafka h'

Wmfoilska fndrejla lshd fuhska

kslaujó is;d “uyrc" l=i rÊcqrejka

jykafia ug iajdñ jk fiala o fkd

jk fialaoehs ksñ;a; úpd< f;k

ta ksñ;a; mdGlfhda kqU jykafia

i;alvla fldg lemqj;a Wka jykafiag

w. fufyiqka jkafka ke;ehs ;rfha u

lsjq h' tfyhska fkdfhla ldrKfhka

fkd leu;s jQ ud ksid ÿla fkd ú| kqU

jykafiaf.a rgg u m,d .sh uekje”hs

lsjq h' ta wid l=i rÊcqrefjda;a Tjqkag

lS nia m%;Hq;a;rfhka u miqniajñka

“fid÷r" ud úiskq;a ksñ;a; úpd< ;ek

udf.a rg ksñ;a; mdGlfhda f;dm

úkd Wkag j,a,N flfkla ke;a;dyhs


;rfha u lsjq h' tlS ksñ;a;fhkq;a ud

ÿgq ldrKfhkq;a ud úkd f;dmg wksla

j,a,N flfkla ke;' ta ldrKfhka

f;dmf.a ;o uka yer mshj”hs lSy'

m%Ndj;S l=irÊcqrejkaf.a nia wid ljr

f,ilskq;a uqka ,Êcdjg muqKqjd.;

fkd yelafla h' fhajd fkd fhajd ug

kï lï lsï o is;d fodr w.=¿ ,d .;a;= h"

tl, fndaêi;ajfhda j<kalo lr ;nd

f.k m,d .shdyq h'

t;eka mgka oel=uq;a ke;sj wrlaleñlï

lrñka oUq uqiq iS,a n;a lñka n;a ksjk

Trej msg ihkh flfrñka or m<ñka

meka f.fkñka j<ka fidaoñka WoEik

le| wjq¿ odj, n;a ud¿ wjq¿ msif.k

f.dia ljñka fmdjñka uOqrdkakmdk

ihk jia;%dNrKdÈhla ke;=j

ldu;DIaKdkq rd.fhka ne`§ fndfyda ÿla

ú¢ñka tla ojila uq¿;ekaf.h ñÿf,ka

hkakdjq l=o oel" le|jd m%Ndj;S flfrys

Nhska fkd weiQlkaj hqyqj hk i|

jyd f.dia idñÿj fuka ;oj .shyq h'

fuf;la ojia uq¿,af,ys f;dm yeu

iómfhys jei iqj ÿla úpdÍï úprl=;a

fkd ,ÿïy' fiiq ,dNfhla le<u fõo"

t;l=ÿ jqj;a m%Ndj;Skaf.a ;o uka wrjd

olajd ,sh tõ oe”hs úpd<d' ta wid l=È;a

“hym;e”hs lsj' tl, fndaêi;a;ajfhda

i;=gq j “bÈka we;afid`vla fuka

l%fudakak;j ug is¨gq jQ W!re hq.,la

we;s m%Ndj;S f;du f;dmf.a iujdfhka

fm%AuoDIaáfhka neÆ kï fõjhs ud yd

ikaf;daIfhka hqla;j m%sh l:djla

l<d kï fõjhs fkdfhla iafkayfhka

ukaoiañ;shla mj;ajd ud fijdmq kï

fõjhs ;j o ud oel i;=gqj udyd

iskdfhka hqla;j neÆ kï fõjhs bÈka

;reKd¾lrYaóka m%úlis; irisrey

fidaor iquqÿ fldu,md‚m,a,jfhka

udf.a YÍrh iam¾Y l<d kï iem fia

udf.a l=idj;S kqjrg f.dia jka ojia u

fu ;sf.a l=o yer hk mßoafoka ydr

flahqr lkl lgl kQmqr rikd ;e,suqÿ

wdÈ i¾jdNrKfhka ;S iryd ,ñ' f;ms

m%Ndj;Skag ldrK lshd udf.a jYhg

muqKqjd ,j”hs lSy'

l=ÿ;a fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a nia wid

“foajhka jykai" kqU jykafia ielhla

fkd is;=j uekj" lSm ojilska Wka kqU

jykafia jYhg muqKqjd udf.a idu¾:Hh

olajd ,ñ˜hs fndaêi;a;ajhkag lshd

;ud .sh ld¾hh iuDoaO fldg f.k

m%Ndj;Ska lrd f.dia Wkaf.a f.h li<

wÈkakshl fuka hg;a msßfihska .id

,kag ksis leglaa úprl=;a f.hs fkd

;snd jyka mgka ish,a,u fodr .djd ,d

f.h yeuo li< oud fodrg msg ,d

t<sm;a mäh Wia mqgqjla ,d Bg ñáj

m%Ndj;Skag wiakla mkjd “Èh‚fhks"

fufia wj uekj' bi n,ïy˜hs m%Ndj;S

ñá mqgqfjl b÷jd f.k f;dfuda Wia

mqgqfjl ;udf.a oK folska Wkaf.a

bi jy, fldg f.k uola bi

ksh .d “wfka" uqkaf.a bi Wl=fKda

fndfydaj .sfhda hhs lshñka ;udf.a

biska Wl=Kka yerf.k m%Ndj;Skaf.a

w;af,ys ,d “f;dmf.a bi Wl=Kkaf.a

úpr n,j”hs hkd§ka fkdfhla l:d

fldg fndaêi;ajhkaf.a .=K lshñka

“fï m%Ndj;S f;dfuda l=i rÊcqrejkaf.a

kqjr jik iufhys t l=i rÊcqrejka

jykafia f.ka wkakmdk jia;%dNrK

.kaOud,d ;dïnq,d§ lsis i;aldrhl=;a

uqka fkd ,oehs is;ñ' ldrKd lsu

h;a ia;S%yq kï tl ojil=;a welfhys

je;sr T;a iajdñmq;%hdf.a is;a fkd

l,lsrej;s' fï l=i rÊcqrejka jkdys

wrlaleñj f;dm ksid rdcHY%Sh yer

wjq;a ne,fufy fldg ÿla ú¢ñka


isáh§;a iqjÿla úpdÍul=;a fkd lrj

bÈka Wka jykafia flfrys iafkayh

ke;;a uq¿ oUÈjg w.%rdcka jQ fï

l=i rÊcqrejka jykafia ud ksid u ÿla

.kakd fialehs oek Wka jykafiag lsis

i;aldrhla lrkag Wjuekj”hs lsj'

tnia wid m%Ndj;S lsms i| l=o;a ke.Sisg

m%Ndj;Ska lráh w,ajd we;=¿f.g oud

f;dfuda msg;aj fodr jid fodr wÈkd

,kqj weo w,ajd f.k isáhd h' ti|

m%Ndj;S Wka w,ajd .; fkdyS fodruq,

jeoisg wEg fodvñka fun÷ jQ fkd

lsjukd nia lshkakdla jQ fkd lghq;=

okakd fufl,s ishqï uqjy;a we;s

Yia;%fhka ðõydÉfþokh ,nkakg

ksis tllZhs hkdÈ lsmqKd h' “blaì;s

l=o;a <x j ,kqj w,ajd f.k isg mskau|

fkd lSlre f;ke;a;sh" ;sf.a rej ldg

l=ula flf¾ o wms f;dmf.a rEmfhka

ld î /flk fofhla weoao” hkd§ka

fodvd fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a .=K j¾Kkd

flfrñka “f;, m%Ndj;sh" wdfrdy

mßKdyfhka hqla; jQ isoaOdx.kd m%;sNd. jQ

úYsIAg jQ rE we;af;ñhs ;sf.a rEm fi!kao¾h

yd ta rdcdêrdc jQ l=i rdfcda;a;uhka yd

iudk fldg fkdis;j' l=i rÊcqrejka

jykafia wmßñ; n,jdyk o uydkqNdj

o uqla;dud‚lHixLis,dm%jd,lkl

rc;dÈ uyd Ok we;s fial' ;suo .,s;

yia;srdchl= mßoafoka lsisjlayq úiska

je<lsh fkdyels ldhn, we;s fial'

wkakmdkjia;%dNrK .%dulafIa;%d§

ish¨ WmfNda. mßfNda. jia;=fjka

iuDoaO jQ ldYsfldai,d§ jQ fndfyda

rdcHhg wêm;s fial' il,cïnqoaùmfhys

wkka; rdcOdksj, ta ta rcorejkag

w.%rdcka fial' Y;%eck kue;s u;a;

yia;Ska uOHhg jka isxyrdcfhl=

mßoafoka wNS; isxykdo we;s fial'

l=rúflú,a,kag n÷ jQ ,Sf,dafm;

.S;iajr we;s fial' .ïNSfrdaodr

uOqrY%jŒh luŒh m%;HkSh uOqriajr

we;s fial' iajhïN+{dkfhka m%;sfõO

lrk ,o wlaIr,sÅ;.‚;.dkaO¾jd§

wIagdoY úoHdia:dkd§ wfkal Y;

m%fNao Nskak Ys,amhka we;s fial'

WNh l=, mßY=oaO wkkHidOdrK

iqN.=Ku‚.KdlS¾K blaIjdl=jxY

iïN+; jQ l=i rÊcqrejka jykafiaf.a

we;s .=K i,ld f;dmf.a rE we;af;ñ

hk ;ouka yer Wka jykafia

flfrys isksoi m;=rejd,”hs hkd§ka

fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a fkdfhla .=K lshd

wjjdo l<d h'

blaì;s tnia wid m%Ndj;S f;dfuda

fldamfhka È,syS “l=o f;da ;sf.a muK

fkd oek .¾ckd lrkafkys h' w;g

meñ‚hd ù kï iajdñorejka we;s

kshdj w÷kajd,ñ” hkd§ka lshd l=o

Nh .ekajqj" ti| l=ÿ;a “tïn, ;S

rlakd ksid fuf;la ojia uq¿,af,a l=i

rÊcqrejka fukqjrg wd kshdj f;dmf.a

mshdKka jykafiag fkd lSñ' jkakdg"

wo ojia rÊcqrejka jykafiag lshd

;sg ksy~ lshjkafkï fõoe”hs uy;a

fldg lshd Wka Nh .ekajqj' m%Ndj;S

ti| Nhska fjjq,d “uE‚fhks tfia

fkd lshj uekje”hs lshd l=o wiajeiqj'

uyfndaêi;a;ajfhda o m%Ndj;Sf.a oel=uq;a

fkd ,en ÿífNdack ÿlaLfihHd§ka

i;auila uq¿,af,ys ÿlaú|;a “uEf.a

oel=ï úprl=;a fkd ,nñ' b;d ;omreI

.;a ye`.s jQ uEf.ka ug m%fhdack lsï o

udf.a rgg f.dia ujqmsh fofok oel

jdih lrñ”hs is;+y'

ti| ukqIHf,dalh neÆ Yl%foafõkaøfhda

l=i rÊcqrejka i;auila uq¿,af,ys

ÿlaú|;a m%Ndj;Ska oelal fkdyS Wlg,S

kshdj oel wE ,efnkag lsis ldrKhla


flfrñ is;d uÿ rÊcqrejkaf.ka .sh

¥;hka n÷ fldg “m%Ndj;S f;du l=i

rÊcqrejka yer f.dia mshd m,d wjq

h" jyd wjq;a Wka le|jdf.k hjhs

i;arÊcqreflfkl=kag fjk fjk u

m;a wiqka we;sj ¥;hka hjQy' Tjqka

oel rÊcqrefjda i;=gqj fjk fjk u

ish fik. msßjrd id., kqjrg wjq;a

jg,d f.k Wkqka oel “f;dms l=ula

ksid wjqo f;dms l=ula ksid wjqoe”hs

Tjqfkdjqka úpdrd m%Ndj;ska ksid uÿ

rÊcqrejka úiska le|jd hjQ fyhska

wdïy˜hs hkq wid" “fïf;u ;udf.a tl

ÿj wm i;afokdg u foa," uqf.a fkd

lghq;a;la n,j" wm fjfyiqfha hhs

oKav d>d; úIf>dar i¾mhka mßoafoka

lsmS fjk fjk u wmg m%Ndj;Ska fyda

foj" hqoaO fyda lrj”hs m;a wiqka hjQy'

ta wid uÿ rÊcqrefjda n,j;a Nhm;aj

wud;Hhka le|jd l=ula lrfuda oehs

úpd<y' tl, wud;Hfhda “foajhka

jykai" fï rcorefjda i;a fok

m%Ndj;Ska ksid u wjq h' bÈka kqÿkfyd;a

mjqre mokï jdi,a ì|f.k kqjrg

jeof.k Ôú;laIhg muqKqjd rdcHh

yer.kqïyhs lshd fiakdj ikakoaO

fldg f.k hqoaOdNsuqLj isákdy'

jÈkdg m<uq fldg m%Ndj;Ska hjïy”hs

lSjdyqhs'

tnia wid rÊcqrefjda “tlaflfkl=kag

m%Ndj;S mjd Èkqfuda kï f;iafida hqoaO

lrkakdy' tfyhska tlaflfkl=kag

§ ikays|úh fkd yelal' uq¿ oUÈj

w.%rdckaj isá l=i rÊcqrejka yermshd

wd .ukg úmdl olajñ' uE i;a lvla

fldg lmd rc orejka i;a fokdg

§ mshd .e,fjïj˜hs lsjQ h' tf,i

rÊcqrejka lS nia rdcdx.Kh uq¿,af,ys

m%ldYj .sfha h' tmj;a weiQ mßjdr

ia;s%yq f.dia m%Ndj;Skag lSy' tnia wid

m%Ndj;S urK Nhska fmr<S y~ñka

Wkiafkka ke.S cdïfndako iaj¾Khg

n÷ jQ rkajka meye we;s rkalñka úis;=re

jia;%OdÍj kÕ=ka yd mßjdr ia;%Ska úiska

msßjrk ,ÿj uE‚hkaf.a f.g f.dia

kuialdr fldg w~ w~d isg “uE‚hka

jykai" udf.a i÷ka ;=jr,d lia;=ß

lmqre wdÈ iqj|iqkafkka W,d Tmak.k

,o m%shlre jQ ukd weia iÕ,la we;s

ks¾u, jQ lsis le,,la ke;s fmïnr

jQ o< lvñgq we;s levm;ska n, n,d

iryk ,o udf.a fï uqL ìïnh fï

i;a rÊcqrejka úiska ouk ,ÿj j,e

;sfnkafka fõ o ;j o uE‚hka jykai"

nur je,i,d fuka wlanUqre isks÷

fudf<dla Èla jQ i÷ka idkaÿ cndÿ wd§ jQ

iqj| .kajk ,o fï udf.a flia jeáh

wuqfidfydfkys ouk ,ÿj Wl=iafida

.scq,sys‚ wdÈ mlaISyq kshmiqfrka

nodf.k wdl=, jHdl=, fldg wE; uE;

wÈkafkda fõo ;j o uE‚hka jykai"

mnö¨ fuka r;a jQ ksh we;s idjqka

nv f,dï fia uDÿ fldu, ;=kqf,dñka

.ejiS.;a r;a i÷ka iqj| .,ajk ,o

ufkda{ jQ udf.a yia; hq.,h furcqka

úiska lmd ouk ,ÿj fldlakdjqka

úiska taldka;fhka veyef.k hkq

,nkafkda fõ o ;j o uE‚hka jykai

udf.a fï iaj¾K;d,M,hg n÷ jQ Wmud

we;s uqL moaufhys f,d,aj Wvn,d Wka

iaj¾K pl%jdl hq.,h fuka kqyqKqjd

jQ jgug jQ i÷ka fldl=u`.rd uq;=yßka

fydnkd jQ fï udf.a ;khq.,h lmd

j< ouk ,o l,ays uE‚hkaf.a ;kfha

t¨K nd, orejka mßoafoka lekys,a¨

tf,kakdyq fõ o

;j o uE‚hka jykai" fuudf.a

rkafmdarejla fuka m<,a jQ ;,d yUd

fj,d ufkda{ fldg leg lrk ,o


rkariqoe,ska hqla; jQ fujq,aoñka

iY%Sl jQ làm%foaYh fï rcqka úiska lmd

j, ouk ,ÿj fldlakyjq veyef.k

leu;s f;klg f.k f.dia lkafka

fõ o

;j o uE‚hka jykai" n,af,da h"

fldlakyjq h" lekys,a¨ h hkd§ jQ

o< we;s i;a;aj flfkla we;akï ta

ish¨ i;a;ajfhda m%Ndj;Skaf.a YÍr

udxih kue;s ridhkh wkqNj fldg

taldka;fhka wcrdur fj;S is;ñ'

;jo uE‚hka jykai" fï tla jQ rc

orefjda iafkayfhka bÈka udf.a YÍr

udxYh ,shd f.k .shdyq kuq;a Tjqkag

hd{dj lshd;a weg yerf.k foux

w;=frlays oudmqj uekj'

;j o uE‚hka jykai" ta fidfydka

ìu u,aj;= lrjd tys W÷ ls‚ysß .ia

u we;s lrj' ysu ld,hdf.a fl<jr

ueÈka ui msmS jekS .ssh u,a f.kajd

f.k rkaiquqÕla mqrd Tr msg ;nd

f.k udf.a Èh‚hka m%Ndj;Skaf.a

Púj¾Kh fun÷ hhs n, n,d ud

isysl< uekje”hs hkd§ka n, mdñka

uE‚hkaf.a iómfha u ys| we~Q h'

ti| uÿ rÊcqrejkaf.a ksfhda.fhka

jOlhd ;udf.a fmdrj;a fld<Uqj;a

wer f.k rc f.g wdfha h' ta jOlhd

wd nj rdcdx.Kfhys m%ldY úh' ta wid

m%Ndj;Sf.a uE‚fhda rÊcqrejka lrd

w`v w~d f.dia fmdrj yd fld<Uqj

oel “foajhka jykai" ukdj yeiqKq

isyska is`.=j,Õ we;s udf.a Èh‚hka

fï fmdrfjka lmd fnod fï i;a

rÊcqrejkag fojk fiala oehs úpdf<da

h'

blaì;s rÊcqrefjda ìijqka .súiajñka

“foaùks" m%Ndj;Ska lmd fkd § wksla

l=ula lrjq o" f;dmf.a Èh‚fhda ish¨

oUÈjg w.% rÊcqrejka úrEm hhs yer

mshd .sh uy tu msh fkd ueflk f;la

urK k<, ;snd f.k wjq h' oeka

;udf.a rE ksid lrk ,o B¾IHdfjys

úmdl ,nkakS fõ oe”hs lSy'

tnia wid ìfida Èh‚hka <`.g f.dia

w`vñka j,mñka “Èh‚fhks f;dmg

wukdmhla is;skq;a fkd is;kakd jQ

udf.a nia fkd .súi f;dm oeka f,a

fmr fmrd i;alvla fldg lmd fï

rcorejkag fok ,ÿj humqrhg hkakS

fõ o

;j o fï f,dalfhys hï i;ajfhla

jefvys yeisfrk ysf;aISkaf.a lSu fkd

lrkafka o tf;u fun÷ jQ ÿlalïlgq¿

,ÿj fkdfhla wkh jHikhg o

meñfKkafka h' ;j o rkalñka Wÿ,

ud‚lH fïL,dodufhka úrdcudk jQ

m%Ndj;Sks" bÈka ;udf.a is;a miafia

fkd f.dia" WNhl=, mßY=oaO wiïNskak

iQ¾hjxYm%iQ; fY!rù¾húl%uiukaú;

l=i rÊcqrejka yd tlaj f;dm yd

iudk rEmY%Ska we;s oel=ï lghq;= jQ

l=udr flfkl=kaa ,o fyd;a wm weu

we;=¿ jQ fndfyda {d;sj¾.hd úiska

i;aldr iïNdjkd lrk ,ÿj ish¨

ÿla ÿrefldg fndfyda ojila iem fia

jdih lrkakS fõ o

;j o udf.a fid÷re jQ Èh‚fhks" hï

l=ircyqf.a u‚lkl rc;d § jQ úÑ;%

jQ l¾udka;fhka hqla; rdcNjkfhys

i¾jdNrKfhka ieryqKd jQ

ÈjHdx.kd m%;sNd. mqrdx.kdjka úiska

jhk ,o mxpdx.sl ;+¾hkdo wkjr;fhka

mj;S o ukd jQ ,laIKdkaú; ux.,

yia;Ska m%Odk fldg we;s ffl,dil+g

m%;sNd. wfkalY;u;a;yia;Syq kdo

flfroao'


;j o m%Ndj;Sks" rdcdx.Kfhys Wodik

iji ukd jQ ,laIK we;s ux.,

wYajrdchd m%Odk jQ laISr id.rfhys

;rx. mrïmrdfjka úrdcudk jQ

fkdfhla oyia .Kka wYajfhda l=,au;ska

fyaIdrj mj;ajkakdyq o"

;j o hï l=idj;S rdcOdksfhlays ta

ta ia:dkfhys i¾jdNrK úN+Is; isoaO

úoHdOrhka jeks k¿ kdgl iuQyfhda

fkdfhla m%fNao we;s ;+¾hNdKavhka

f.k yeu fõf,ys u iqÅ;uqÈ;j fiajh

flfroao"

;j o m%Ndj;Sks l=irÊcqrejkaf.a hï

.DfydaoHdk úoHq,a,;d iY%Sl j úrdcudk

jQ iaj¾KuhQr rdchka úiska ñys`.= fnr

y`äka u;a j mj;ajk ,o flldkdofhda

o fldia,sys‚hka úiska mj;ajk ,o

wkqrd.fhka Nß; fõ o" tn÷ jQ Y%S

fi!Nd.Hh yd ftYaj¾h úfYAI we;s

ta l=idj;S rdcOdksfhys biqre yer Bg

jvd ljr iemfhla fldhs we;s fyhska

óg wjqo” hkd§ka m%Ndj;Skag wjjdo

jYfhka l=idj;sfhys úN+;sh j¾Kkd

fldg bÈka ta l=i rÊcqrefjda wo fu;k

ù kï fï i;arcorejka urd ÿqn|jd

udf.a Èh‚hkag meñ‚ fï ÿla ÿrefldg

le|jd f.k hkafkda fõ o" lmqgq /

ila legla .id m,jd ,kakdla fuka

;ukaf.a jpk ud;%hlska u il, Y;%e

u¾okh lrkakd jQ bÈka is;=j fyd;a

tla ishla rdcOdkSkq;a yer .kag ksis jQ

iu¾: we;s úYsIag jQ m%{dkqNdj we;s ta

l=i rÊcqrefjda wo fukqjr jQ kï wm

yeug meñ‚ fï ÿlska .,jd .kakdyq

hhs hkd§ka l=i rÊcqrejkaf.a fndfyda

.=K l:kh l<dyq h'

tl,ays m%Ndj;S f;dfuda “l=i

rÊcqrejkaf.a .=K lshkakd jQ

udf.a uE‚hka jykafiaf.a uqL

fkd iEfykafka h' tfyhska Wka

jykafia wrlaleñ fldg fï .u

jik nj uE‚hka jykafiag lshñ˜hs

is;d “uE‚hka jykai" wkkH

idOdrK.=K.KdNrKúN+Is;

f.!rù¾hn,mrdl%um%;dmm%{d.=K we;s

fï i;=rka kid wm yeu rlskag ksis jQ

l=irÊcqrejka jykafia wmg wd<dßlj

fu;k u jdih lrk fial' Wka

jykafia le|jïoe”hs úpd<d h'

blaì;s “m%Ndj;Sks" urKNhska mSä; j

kkafodv jQ o" w{dkfhka uQV jQ m%,dm

fodvjQ o" fnd,|lñka lsj ukd

foh ;nd wkslla lshjQ o f;dm fï

lshkafka lsï o ta l=i rÊcqrefjda bÈka

fï kqjrg wjq kï wmg fkd oefkkag

ldrKd lsï o bÈka t;a kï wmg lshd

tjd ;ukaf.a fiakdjdykhka msßjrd

fka;a o" uEf.a l=uk kka foãfula o” hkd§ka fovQ h'

ti| m%Ndj;S uE‚hka jykafia

l=ula lSj;a woyd fkd .kakd fial'

m%;HlaIfhka olajd,d lshó is;d

uE‚hkaf.a w; w,ajd f.k u;= ud,a;,hg

ke.S f.dia iSueÿre ljq¿j yer msg;

n,d j<ka fidaOñka isá fndaêi;a;ajhka

Èidjg w; È.= fldg “uE‚hka

jykai" f;f, l=udßldjrekaf.a

wka;#mqr wdikakfhys uq¿;ekaf.hs

ñÿf,ys ;rfha leimg .kajd wrlaleñ

fõYfhka keUqrej isg j<ka fidaOk

fiala l=i rÊcqrejka jykafia” hhs oeka

jQ h'

tl, fndaêi;a;ajfhda m%Ndj;Ska ksid

i;arÊcqre flfkla fu kqjr jg,d

.;a;dy hs hkq wid wo ojia udf.a

ufkdar:h uqÿka meñfKkafka hhs

udf.a fï .ug wd kshdj wo ojia

m%Ndj;S foujqmshkag lshkakS h" ta


wid ud f.kajd f.k Wka ug mdjd

fo;s" tl, ud .;a ÿla id¾:l jkafka

hhs j<ka fidaOd ;ekam;a fldg ;nñ

is;d meka f.kjq;a j<ka fidaOkag

mgka.;ay" ti| j<ka fidaOñka isá

rÊcqrejka oel Èh‚hkag WrKj

“fl,a," f;da pKavd, tlla o" wjfYaI

ySk cd;sfhys tlla o fkdfyd;a fun÷

rdc jxYh kikag Wmka tlla o uÿ

rc l=,fhys Wmka f;da il, rdc

fu!,sud‚lHldka;Ska nn<k ,o

mdomSG we;s f;dmf.a j,a,N jQ l=i rcyq

,jd odi l%shd lrõ oe”hs mßNj ìKq h"

blaì;s m%Ndj;S f;du udf.a uE‚hka

jykafia ud ksid fï l=irÊcqrejka

jykafia wjq;a fukqjr jik nj fkd

okakd fiala jkehs is;d" “uE‚hka

jykai" uu pKavd, ia;s%hl;a fkd

fjñ" f;iq ySk cd;s tll;a fkd fjñ"

kqU jykafiaf.a rdcjxYh kik tll;a

fkd fjñ" fï blaIjdl= rdc jxYhg

k.k ,o fla;=jla jeks rÊcqrejka

jykafia hhs oksñ' bÈka kqU jykafia

odi flfkl= hehs fkd is;ñ” lshd

fndaêi;ajhkaf.a ftYaj¾h j¾Kkd

lrkakd jQ m%Ndj;S f;dfuda “uE‚hka

jykai" fï l=i rÊcqrejka jykafia

;%súOfõomdrm%dma; iodpdr ksr; jQ

úisoyila muK n%dyauKhka ud<s.dfhys

uOqrdkakmdKfhka ika;¾mKh lrjk

fiala o"

;j o rkai;a rkafmdfrdaÿ rka

ikakdyfhka iok ,o lkl.sß

isLr iqkaor jQ ;%suo.,s; jQ úisoyila

muK yia;Syq i;;fhka ieryS isáoao

hï rÊcqrejka jykafiaf.a m%pKav

udre;fhka fufyhk ,o Yr;a ld,fhys

fï>l+g kslr iqkaor jQ ufkda{

,laIKdkaú; rdcjdyk fhda.H jQ

fkdfhla wYajd,xldrfhka iryk ,o

úisoyila muK wYajfhda yeufõf,ys u

ikakoaO j isáoao"

;j o hï rÊcqrejkaf.a iqrf,daldj;S¾K

iqkaor úudkhla fuka fYdaNudk jQ

k.k ,o Oj,d; m;%fhka úrdcudk

jQ iryk ,o isxydikfhka iY%Sl jQ

iqriqkaoÍka iudk mqriqkaoÍka úiska

i,k ,o pdrepdurkslrdlS¾K jQ ish¨

r:d,xldrfhka úÑ;% fldg iryk

,o t,ajk,o uf,da,Uq u,aoï rkañ‚

lsls‚oe,ska fYdaNudk jQ úisoyila

muK r: ksrka;rfhka ie§ isà o"

;jo hï rdfcda;a;uhlayqf.a

OrŒ;,dj;S¾K ffklj¾K we;s

wN%l+g iyi%fhka fYdaNudk jQ

>k.¾ckdldr jDIN .¾ckd we;s

ksidk ;ïueg tleiafnr wdÈka iryk

,o msgq we;s úisoyila muK jDIN

rdcfhda u;a; yia;Ska fuka ;ma,d l=r

wek isá;a o"

;j o rla; kS, Yafõ; lDIAKd § jQ

wfkal j¾fKdÊj,s; wkjr;fhka

jEfykakd jQ laISr Odrd iyi%fhka

ikays÷jk ,o .%SIau ika;dmhka we;s

ila; jQ ;=x. ;rx. Nx.dldr we;s

úis oyila muK fokqka i;;fhka

rc; iaj¾Kuh Ndck mqrd laISr

fodaykh flfroao” hkd§ka m%Ndj;S

l=i rÊcqrejkaf.a hfYda úN+;sh

m%Yxid fldg “fun÷ jQ ftYaj¾h

we;s rdcdêrdchd kqU jykafia u

oiafldg is;k muK úkd uu tf,i

fkdis;ó” hkd§ka fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a

.=K l:kh l<dyq h'

tl, ìijq “f;dfuda u wiïNS;j

lshkakS h˜hs taldka;fhka woydf.k

uÿ rÊcqrejka lrd f.dia tmj;a lsjq

h' tnia wid rcacqrefjda hqyqj m%Ndj;Ska

lrd f.dia “Èh‚hks l=i rÊcqrejka


fukqjrg wdfha ienE oe”hs úpd<y'

ti| m%Ndj;Ska “tfia h" mshdKka

jykai Wka jykafia fukqjrg wjq;a

rdc l=udßldjrekag wrlaleñlï

lrkafka oeka i;a ufilehs lsjq h" ta

wid uÿ rÊcqrefjda Wkaf.a nia woyd

fkd f.k l=o le|jd úpdrd kshu

fldg oek “tU, fl,a," fjia j<d uqvq

fjiska meñK úIf>dar i¾mrdchl=

mßoafoka il, N=jk fYaLr jQ úYsIag

ldhn, [dKn, we;s ta l=i rÊcqrejka

fjiaj,d f;dm ksid óg wjq;a i;a

uila uq¿,af,ys ÿla .ksñka isáh §

wmg fkd lshd l< oE taldka;fhka

je/oafoa h” hkd§ka Èh‚hkag fodvd

fõ.fhka blaukaj fndaêi;a;ajhka

lrd f.dia iqjÿla úpdrd noaOd[ac,Sj

isg “uyrÊcqrejka jykai" i;a uila

uq¿,af,ys ÿla .ksñka isáh § kqU

jykafia fjia j<d wjq;a fu.u isá

nj fkd okqïy' ta wm fkd oek l<

wmrdOhla laIud lr jod< uekje”hs

hd{d l<y'

tnia wid uyd fndaêi;a;ajfhda “bÈka

uu ;o fldg lSï kï fudyqf.a <h

me<S hkafka h' tfyhsska wiajid lshñ” is;d j<ka wiafiys isg “foajhka

jykai" fun÷ jQ uu iïm%dma; jQ

rdcHY%Sh yer m%Ndj;Ska flfrys

noaOdNs,dIfhka fjia j<d wjq;a

wrlaleñlï flfrñka ÿla jq‚ï o

ud l< ta wl¾;jHh u wêrdcHhkaj

isá ud n÷kag kqiqÿiq fyhska udf.a u

jerÈ úkd kqU jykafiaf.a je/oaola

ke;af;a h" tfyhska fï ud l< fohg

kqU jykafia u laIud fldg jod<

uekje”hs lSy'

ti| uÿ rÊcqrefjda uyd fndaêi;a;ajhka

úiska m%sh jpkfhka lshk ,o ms<si|r

l:d we;sj ikaf;daIm%dma;j m%didohg

f.dia m%Ndj;Ska le|jd “kqjK ke;s

;eke;a;sh" uydn, mrdl%u we;s l=i

rÊcqrejka lrd f.dia laIud lrjd

.kqj”hs lSy'

ti| m%Ndj;S msh rÊcqrejkaf.a nia

wid kÕ=ka yd mßjdr ia;S%ka úiska

msßjrd fndaêi;a;ajhka isá f;kg

.shd h' l=irÊcqrefjda o fufy lrñka

isg m%Ndj;Ska ;uka lrd tk kshdj

oek" “oeka uu uEf.a uka ì| udf.a

mdmsg ufvys u jeo fydjñ˜hs is;d

j<kaj, ;snQ meka ìu kud l,úgla

muK ;eka md.d fndr fldg fndr

uvfhys isáhdyq h' tl, m%Ndj;S

f.dia fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a m;af,ys bi

;nd uy mjkska uq,ska Wmqgd t,k

,o iaj¾K ;d,ialkaOhla mßoafoka

ufvys je;sr" ;udf.a iqrla;m,a,jdNs

rdu jQ uDÿfldau, md‚ hq.,fhka

fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a ;reKdreK lsrK

iïm¾lfhka m%úlis; jQ ikaOHdrd.

ks¾úfYaI m%Nd Ndiqr mdomoauhq.,h

w,ajd f.k urK Nhska mSä; j uy

y`äka y`v y`vd “foajhka jykai"

udf.ka fjkaj kqU jykafia úiska

rdcH Y%SúN+;sh yer wmuK ÿlaLfhka

hï muK l,la blaujk ,o o tmuK

ld,hla uq¿,af,ys ud úiskq;a ÿ¾fNdack

ÿlaLfihHd§ka yd iakdkmdk rys;

ùfuka kqU jykafia fia u ÿlska u

ojia hjk ,oafoa h' tfyhska ug fkd

lsmS laIud fldg jod< uekj'

;j o uy rÊcqrejka jykai" udf.a i;H

jpkhla weiqj uekj' uu fu;eka

mgka Èúysñfhka lhska jpiskaa ukiska

wukdmhla fkd is;ñ" fkd lrñ bÈka

ud fufia hd{d fjñka isáh § ug laIud

fkd fldg udf.a nia fkd ms<s.;a fiala


ù kï oeka umshdKka jykafia fui;a

rcorejkag ud i;a lvla fldg lmd

fok fial' tfyhska ug laIud fldg

/lal uekjehs hd{d l<d h'

tl, l=i rÊcqrefjda m%Ndj;Skaf.a nia

wid “bÈka in|" f;ms u fõo okakd

ta ug wehs oehs lSï kï uqkaf.a <h

me,S hkafka h" tfyhska uqka wiajid

lshñhs is;d “m%Ndj;Sks" f;dm fï f,i

hd{d fjñka isáh § l=ula ksid f;dm

lSjd fkd flfrï o f;dm flfrys

udf.a u|l=;a fldamhla lkiai,af,la

ke;af;a h" ;j o f;dms lsis úgl;a fkd

nj" ;j o l,K .=Khka we;s rdcmq;%sh"

i;H jpkhla we;s lshñ' uu;a fu;eka

mgka lhska jpkska ukiska wm%shhla

fkd flfrñ' fï tl uÿ rc l=,h ;nd

fun÷ fkd fhla ish .Kka rdc l=,hka

u¾okh fldg ud leu;s mßoafoka

f;dm wer f.k hkag iu¾: jqj;a

uu f;dm ksid udf.a tn÷ rdcH Y%Sh

yer ySk l%shd flfrñka fuf;la ojia

uq¿,af,ys ÿla úkafoñ' tn÷ jQ ud fmkS

isáh § f;dmg lsis hï Nhl=;a ke;af;a

h”hs hkd§ka m%Ndj;Ska wiajid ish¨

rcmsßjßka msßjrk ,ÿj laI;%shudk

Wmojdf.k “ud Ôj;a j isáh § udf.a

Nd¾hdj wksfll= wer f.k fh;e”hs

flaYr isxyrdchl= fuka me,fUñka

“fï ish¨ id., kqjr jdiSyq ud fu;kg

wd nj oks;aj”hs wE; uE; mksñka

wNS;kdo mj;ajñka w;afmd,ika foñka

“oeka oeka ta fld,a,ka Ôj.%dyfhka

w,ajdf.k tñ'” ish¨ wka;#mqr jdiSka

wiajid “;j o u‚lkl rc;d§

úÑ;% Ñ;% l¾udka;fhka úrdcudk

jQ r: hdkdfjlays yslauqKd jQ lSlre

ish¨ wYajd,xldrfhka iryk ,o

wYajhka fhdoj' oeka oeka Y;%e

u:kh lrkakd jq udf.a n, mrdl%u

idu¾:Hh n,j'” hkd§ka wNS; kdo

mj;ajñka “Y;%eu:kh lsÍu ug Ndr

h" f;ms f;dmf.a ud<s.djg f.dia

biafidaOd kyd ieryS .k jeo ys÷jhs

m%Ndj;Ska t;kska kslaujQy' tl,

uÿ rÊcqrefjda o l=i rÊcqrejkag

msßia iryk ms‚i wud;Hhka hjQy'

ta ksfhda. ,o wud;Hfhda f.dia

uq¿;ekaf.hs ñÿf,ys jg;srhla ne|

t,jk ,o ta u.=,almqjd úiska lrk ,o

oe<s /jq¨ wkaoï ;sîï we;sj bia fidaOd

kyd ish¨ rdcdNrKfhka ieryS weu;s

u~q¨ wd§ oY fï ;eka msßjrd ud<s.djg

fhñka w;a fmd<ika foñka ish¨

wka;#mqr i;ajhka n, n,d i;=gqjk

mßoafoka wNS; kdo meje;ajQy'

tl, uÿrÊcqrefjda ukdj yslaujk

,o rkaie;a rka fmdfrdÿ rkaikakdy

l¾K pdurd§ ish¨ yia;Hd,xldrfhka

iryk ,oaod jQ k.k ,o Oj,d;m;% we;s

u.=,e;a iryd fndaêi;ajhka kef.k

ms‚i hejQy' tl, l=i rÊcqrefjda ta

we;= msg mek ke.S m%Ndj;Ska mYaÑu

wdikfha ys÷jd f.k p;=rx.s‚ fiakdj

úiska msßjrk ,ÿj kqjr kef.kysr

jdi,ska msg;a j lekys,a /ila uOHhg

jka flaYr isxyrdchl= mßoafoka

hqoaON+ñhg jeo “uï l=i rch" m%dKd¾:

flfkla näka ;,dfh;aj”hs lshd

wiksiïmd; ks¾f>daI f>dar fldg

;=kah,la isxykdo iajrfhka wNS; kdo

meje;a;+y'

ti| l=ikf¾kaøisxyhdf.a ta isxykdoh

wid Nhg m;aj bia Æ Æ w;

m,d f.dia m¾j; >k jk .ykdÈhg

jka uD.iQlrd§ka mßoafoka Y;%e

rcorejka msßjrd isá fkdfhla

ishoyia .Kka >k.¾ckdldr NSukdo

we;s NSufiakdkqldßfhdaOdNsrEV


;%suo.,s; ;reK lrjdrfKkaø fiakdj

o m%,hld, m%jD;af;daodr pKavudre;d

Ns>d; iskaOq;=x.;rx.Nx.dkqldß

rx.;=rx.dkqêIaÀ; jQ hqoaOu¾okdNs,dI

we;s oyia .Kka wirejka úiska Wm,laIs;

wYajfiakdjka o fõrïn jd;fhka

fm%aß;j f>darks¾f>daI mj;ajñka

È.dka;rdNsOdjkh lrk úoHq,a,;d

iyi%fhka iY%Sl jQ fï>l+gdkqldÍ

j r:d,xldrfhka iryk ,o úÑ;%

Oc m;dldNslS¾K .ïySrpl%èjks

we;s m%pKavfod¾oKavfldaoKav

ldKavdNs,laIs; m%n, fhdaOdêIaÀ;

r: fik. o kdkdfõY .%yK NSIK jQ

ÿ¾jdr.¾fjdaÈO; mjkd;smd;fõ. we;s

Lâ.uqoa.r f;daur l=ka;pdre pdmndKd§

úúOdhqO.%yKd;sNSIK wfkalfldaá

mdn< fiakdj oehs hkd§ fï fiakdj

urKNhska ;%ia;j isá msh isáh

fkd yS Nfhdakaudofhka uq¾Pdjg

meñK Tjqfkdjqka we¢k .; fkdyS

ish fikÕ u fldgd jgd Èj mek

úvdm;aj ta ta w; ÈjmQy'

ti| fïreidr jQ l=i rÊcqrefjda

ukaorm¾j;fhka w<,k ,o uydiuqøh

mßoafoka ksrdhdifhka ;ukaf.a

isxykdo ud;%fhka ta Y;%eid.rh u:kh

fldg m%Ndj;Skaf.a m%d‚.%yKh ms‚i

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oyh&

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wfkalY; m%fNao - fkdfhla ish .Kka fldgiaj,ska

Nskak Ys,amhka - ì£ .sh Ys,am

wkkHidOdrK - fjk;a lsisjl= yd iudk ke;s

iqN.=Ku‚.=KdlS¾K - hym;a .=K keue;s ue‚la iuQyfhka .ejiqK

blaIajdl=jxY iïN+; - blaIajdl= ^Tlaldl& keue;s jxYfhys Wmka

isksoi - fifkyi

oKavd>d; - ,Shlska myr lE

úIf>dar i¾mhka - oeä úI iys; i¾mhka

hqoaOdNsuqLj - hqoaOhg iQodkï ù$uqyqK ,d

f;iafida - fiiq wx.$b;sß wh

cdïfndako iaj¾Khg n÷ jQ - cïnq kÈfhys Wmka r;arkaj,g iudk jQ

rkalñka úis;=re - r;arka fh§fuka úÑ;% jQ

;=jr,d - tkï iqj| øjHh

iqj| iqkafkka W,d - iqj| iqkq ;jrd

Tma k.k ,o - Tm oeuQ$oel=ï l¨ l<

o< lv ñgq - we;a o< lene,a,la iú l< ñgla we;s

uqL ìïnh - uqyqfKa ms<sìUqj

ouk ,ÿj - w;ayer oeuQ miq

j,e - le,fhys

wla nUqre - fmdl=gq$w.ska lrlejqKq

idkaÿ cndÿ wdÈ jQ - tkïj,ska ye¢kafjk iqj| øjH

wdl=, jHdl=, fldg - wjq,a úhjq,a fldg

;=kq f,dñka - YÍrfha f,dauj,ska

fldlakdjqka úiska - .scq ,sys‚hka$jDlhka úiska

iaj¾Kd;d, M,hg n÷ jQ - rkska l< ;,a f.ähla jeks jQ

iaj¾K pl%jdl hq.,h fuka - rka ilajd,sys‚ hqj,la fuka

kqyqKqjd jQ - bjid .; fkd yels jQ


jgug jQ - rjqï jQ o Tm uÜgï jQo

fldl=uÕrd - l=xl=u keue;s iqj| øjHfhka

uq;=yßka - uq;=je,ska

;,d y`vd fj,d - ;e,Su we`ãu iy fj<Sfuka

leg lrk ,o - leá l<

rka riq oe,a - rkska l< l=vd f.Êð je,a$rkska iE¥ ryqf.ä je,a

ridhkh - rihla ,nd fok jia;=$bkaøsh mskjk jia;=

hd{dj lshd;a - whdpkd l<;a

foux w;=frlays - ud¾. folla we;s ia:dkhla w;r

ysu ld,hdf.a - ysu jefgk ld,fha

rkaiquqÕla mqrd - rkska l< lr`vqjla mqrd

Trmsg - Wl=f<ys

fld<Uqjla - jdä ùu i|yd ,Sfhka iE¥ WmlrKhla$,S fldghla

yeiqKq - ukd f,i msreKq$ yev.eiqKq

isÕ=j,Õ - bÕ m%foaYh

tu msh fkd ueflk f;la- ta md igyka uelS hkakg;a fmr

humqrhg - huhdf.a mqrhg

wkh jHikhg - wl%uj;a úm;aj,g

Wÿ, - nen¿Kq

fïL,dodufhka - fujq,aofuka$ldka;djka bfKa m,|k wdNrKhla

úrdcudk - nn<k

wiïNskak - fkd levqKq$fkdì÷Kq

iQ¾hjxY m%iQ; - iQ¾h jxYfhys Wmka

f.!rù¾h úl%u iukaú; - Y+r" ùr" úl%u hk .=Kdx.j,ska hqla;

iïNdjkd - .re lsÍï

u‚lkl - ue‚la iy r;arka

m%;sNd. - jeks jQ

mxpdx.sl - wx. mylska hqla;

wkjr;fhka - ks;r

wfkalY;u;a;yia;Syq - fkdfhla ish .Kka u;a jQ we;a;=

úN+Is; - iryk ,o


isoaO úoHdOrhka - fnfy;a n,fhka o úoHd;aul jYfhka o ydialï lrkakdjqka

wkkH idOdrK - ^k¬wkH> wkkH& fjk;a lsisfjl= iómfhys olakg fkd

,efnk

.=K.KNrK úN+Is; - Wiia .=K iuQyh keue;s wdNrKj,ska ieriqK

fY!rù¾h - Y+r iy ùr

n,mrdl%u - Yla;sh iy mrdl%uh ^ùr;ajh&

m%;dm m%{d.=K we;s - wkqka ;jk iq¨ .=Kh iy kqjK hk .=Kj,ska hqla;

wd<dßlj - ;ukaf.a Yla;s úfYaIh m%o¾Ykh fkd fldg

w{dkfhka uQV jQ - fkd oekqj;alñka uq<d jQ

il,rdc - ish¨ rcjrekaf.a

fu!,sud‚lHldka;Ska - Tgqkqj, ue‚la t<sj,ska

mßNj ìKQ h - wmydid;aul jpk lSjd h

;s%úO fõomdrm%dma; - ;s%fõofhys mrf;rg meñ‚

iodpdr ksr; - hym;a yeisÍfuys kshqla;

uOqrdkakmdkfhka - ñysß wdydr mdkj,ska

ika;¾mKh lrjk - i;=gg m;a lrjk

iqÅ; uqÈ; - iqjhg iy i;=gg m;a jQ

.DfydaoHdk - f. Whka

úµq,a,;d iYS%l - úÿ,sh t<sfhka msÍ .sh

ñysÕ= fnr y`äka - uDox. kñka oelafjk fnr úfYaIfhys kdofhka

flldkdofhda - flaldrdj" fudkr y`v

YS% fi!Nd.Hh yd ftYap¾h úfYaI- iqkaor Ndjh iy iïm;a rdYsh

il, Y;%e u¾okh lrkakd jQ - ish¨ i;=rka uev mj;ajkakd jQ

rkai;a - rkska l< l=v$P;%

rka fmdfrdaÿ - we;a n| ueo n|kd rka fhd;a

rka ikakdyh - rkska l< hqo we÷u

lkl .sß isLr iqkaor jQ - r;arka m¾j; uqÿka fuka oel=ïl¨ jQ

i;;fhka - ks;r

m%pKav udre;fhka - ie`v iq<Õska

fï>l+g kslr - jeis j,d iuQyfhka

rdc jdyk fhda.H jQ - rc flfkl=g .uka lsÍug iqÿiq jQ

iqrf,daldj;S¾K jQ - foõ f,djg nei wd

Oj,d;m;%fhka - wõ rYañhg Tijk iqÿ l=vfhka

wkqrd.fhka Nß; fõ o - rd.S yeÕSïj,ska nr fõ o


pdrepdurkslrdlS¾K - ^pdre¬pdur¬kslr¬wdlS¾K&

ufkda{" j,aúÿkd iuQyfhka .ejiqKq

uf,da,Uq u,aoï - û,a¬´,Uq& u,a t,a,k ,o ud,dodu

rka ñ‚ lsls‚ oe,ska - rka" ue‚la iy lsxls‚ oe,aj,ska

OrŒ;,dj;S¾K - fmd<jg nei .;a

wN%l+g iyi%fhka - jeis j,d oyia .Kkska

>k.¾ckdldr - jeis j,djl f.rjqï y`vg iudk y`vla we;s

ksidk - fnr úfYaIhla

;ma,d - ;mamq,d

rla; kS, Yafõ; lDIaKdÈ jQ - r;=" ks,a" iqÿ" l¿ wdÈ jQ

j¾fKdaÊj,s; - j¾Kj,ska §ma;su;a jQ

.S%Iau ika;dmhka - wõ rYañh ksid we;s jk mSvk

ila; jQ - we¨Kq

;=x. ;rx. Nx.dldr - Wia jQ uqyqÿ r< ìf|k iajrEm we;s

laISr fodaykh - lsß foùu

hfYdaúN+;sh - lS¾;s loïnh$ls;a /i

oia fldg - odi ;;a;ajhg m;a fldg

wiïNS;j - ìfhka f;drj

il, N=jk fYaLr jQ - uq¿ fmdf<da ;,hgu uqÿka u,a lvla jQ

fjia j<d - fjia udre fldg f.k

óg wjq;a - fï ia:dkhg meñK

noaOd[ac,Sj - neoe¢,s we;sj$je|$kuialdr fldg

iïm%dma; jQ rdcHYS%h - ,enqKq rc iem;

noaOdNs,dIfhka - n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka hqla;j

wl¾;jHh - fkd l< hq;= foa

ms<si|r l:d - iqj ÿla úuiSï jYfhka flfrk l:d

ikaf;daI m%dma;j - i;=gg m;aj

udf.a mdmsg - udf.a md u;

ufvys u jeo fydjñ - uv f.dfvys oud ksÈ lrjñ

l,úgla - lu;la

m;af,ys bi ;nd - m;=,a u; ysi ;nd

iaj¾K ;d,ialkaOhla - rka ;,a l|la

uDÿ fldau, md‚ hq.,fhka - uDÿ jQ o ishqï jQ o w;a folska

;reKdreK lsrK iïm¾lfhka - ;reK jQ wreKdf,dalh iu. .eàfuka

m%úlis; jQ - ukdj msìÿKq


ikaOHdrd. ks¾úfYaI - ikaOHd ldka;shg jvd fjkia fkd jQ

m%Nd Ndiqr - ldka;sfhka §ma;su;a jQ

mdomoau hq.,h - md mshqï hqj,

iakdk mdk rys; ùfuka - kEu iy îu fkd ue;s ùfuka

i;H jpkhla we;s lshñ - we;a; jQ hula m%ldY lrk nj lshñ

laI;s%hudk - laI;s%h l=,fhys Wmka ksid we;s jk .¾jh

me,fUñka - Woaoduhg m;a fjñka

Y;%e u:kh - i;=rka u¾okh lsÍu$hg;a lsÍu

oe<s /jq¨ wkaoï ;sîï - wkaoï ;nd oe<s /jq,a lemSu

oY fï ;eka msßjrd - ;k;=re ,enQ oi msßila msßjrd

m%dKd¾: flfkla - Ôj;a ùug wfmalaId lrkafkla

näka ;,d fh;ajhs - nv .d f.k fh;ajd

wiks iïmd; ks¾f>daI f>dar fldg - wl=Kq y`v ;j;a oeä fldg

m¾j; >k jk .ykdÈhg jka - m¾j; iys; úYd, le,Ejlg we;=¿ jQ

>k .¾ckdldr NSu kdo we;s - fï> .¾ckdjl we;s ìhlre y`vla ;sfnk

NSu fiakdkqldÍ - NSu keue;s mdKavjhdf.a fiakdj wkqlrKh lrkakd jQ

fhdaOdNsrEV - fhdaOhka ke. isák

lrjdrfKkaø fiakdj - kdhl we;a fiakdj

m%,hld, - l,amdka;fhys uqyqfoa le,öu we;s jk ld,fhys

m%jD;af;daodr pKav udre;dNs>d; - mej;=Kq w;s úYd, oreKq iq<Õ .eàfuka

isxOq;=x. ;rx. Nx.dkqldÍ rx. - uqyqfoys Wia jQ ;rx. iuQyh ì|f.k hk iajrEm we;s

;=rx.dkqêIaÁ; - wYajhka msg ke.=Kq

hqoaOu¾okdNs,dI we;s - hqoaOh u¾okh lsÍfï wfmalaIdjla we;s

wiarejka úiska Wm,laIs; - wYajdfrdaylhkaf.ka ieÿï ,;a

fõrïn jd;fhka fma%ß;j - fõrïn keue;s iq<Õska fufyhjk ,ÿj

f>dar ks¾f>daI mj;ajñka - oreKq jQ rdj m%;srdj kxjñka

È.dka;rdNsOdjkh lrk - ÈYd fl<jrg u ÿjkakd jQ

úoHq,a,;d iyi%fhka iYS%l jQ - úÿ,sh oyia .Kkska fmdaIKh jQ

fï>l+gdkqldÍ - jeys j,dl=¿ wkqlrKh lrkakd jQ

Ocm;dldNslS¾K - f,dl= l=vd fldäj,ska .ejiqKq

.ïNSr pl% èjks - frdaoj,ska kef.k .eUqre y`v we;s

m%pKav fodaroKav fldaoKav ldKavdNs,laIs; - foda¾oKav fldaoKav wdÈ ÿkq yS;, .;a b;d oreKq


fhdaOdêIaÀ; - fhdaOhka ke. isák

kdkd fõY .%yK NSIK jQ - úúO jQ fjia .ekSfuka ìysiqKq jQ

ÿ¾jdr .¾fjdaoaO; - fkd je<elaúh yels wyxldrlfuka WvÕ= jQ

mjkd;smd;fõ. - iq<fÕa fõ.h blaujd iy fõ.hla we;s

nâ. uqoa.r f;daur l=ka; pdrepdm ndKdÈ - lvq" uq.=re" f;daur" l=ka;" oel=ïl¨ ÿkq" B;, wdÈ

úúOdhqO.%yKd;sNSIK - úúO jQ wdhqO .ekSfuka w;s ìysiqKq jQ

Nfhdakaudofhka uQ¾cdjg meñK - ìh ksid we;s jk Wu;= núka isys uq<djg m;a j

jgd Èj mek - jfÜg ÿjñka bj;g mek f.dia

fïreidr - uyd fïre m¾j;h fuka idrj;a jQ

ukaor m¾j;fhka w<,k ,o - ukaor m¾j;fhka l,Uk ,o

md‚.%yKh - w; .ekSu

rKOrŒ uOHfhys - hqo ìfï ueo

úch YS% ldka;djf.a - ch.%yKh keue;s YS% ldka;djf.a

úiqoaO - w;smdßY=oaO$b;d msßisÿ

i[acd; mS%;s m%fudaofhka m%uqÈ;j - yg.;a m%fudaoh iy mS%;s hk folska Woï ù

;reKd¾l rYaóka - ;reK iQ¾hhdf.a rYañfhka

m%odkhla fuka - úfYaI §ukdjla fuka

;=Iaá odkfhka - i;=áka fok §ula jYfhka

Èú o<ka - Èúhkaf.a o;a

ftrdjK jdydkdrEV - ftrdjK kï we;d msg ke.

jy,a fï - jy,a fufyh$jy,a lghq;=

jH¾: - ksIaM,

ia;S%r;ak m%;s,dNfhka - ldka;d r;akhka ,eîfuka

Wmdh fl!Y,H{dkh - m%fhda.fhys l=Y,;d{dkh$Wmdh fh§fuys we;s olaI;dj

iïnkaO kqjK

Ñ;% l¾fudaÊj,s; - is;=jïj,ska nen¿Kq

úudkia:j - úudkfha ys|

isoaO hq.,hla mßoafoka - fnfy;a n,fhka ydialï lrk hqj,la f,i

fkf;%da;aij - ^fka;%¬W;aij& weig ms%h Wmojk o¾Yk

tald;añlj - tl u wd;auhla we;a;ka fuka

Èú muKka - Ôú;h mj;sk ;dla

ixidr hd;%dj - iif¾ .uka lsÍu

isjqjKla - j¾. i;rlg wh;a


m¾Iog - msßig

oyila khska fyìhd jQ - l%u oyilska hqla; jQ

uka uev - udkh ÿre fldg

fifuys ;nd - iduh we;s fldg

i¾j{;d {dk - ish,a, okakd kqjK$nqoaO;ajhg m;a jk wjia:dfõ

§ ,enqKq úfYaI {dkh

,;a Ok if;la - ,nd .;a wd¾h Ok y;la

wm ,d ,d wd rlj,a ke;s fyhska - wm úiska ;nd wd jia;=jlg fhdok ,o wdrlaIdjla ke;s

ksid

;=nqjd ke; - ;=nQ fohla ke;$/l .;a fohla ke;

ug u;= - ug muKla

wkq fkdo;a - wkqu; fkd l<

ì;; - ì;a;sfhys

Wlg,Sj - WodiSk ù

ysifla ys‚ fkd .kakd f;la - ysiflia úhf<kakg$f;; isf|kakg

tla jka - tl úg

hym;a;= o - fhda.H hehs îqÿiq oehs& ;SrKh flf¾ o

flf,iqka - is; ¥IKh lrk lreKq$O¾u

flf,iqka f.jd .kag kqjqj fyd;a - laf,aYhka úkdY lsÍug fkd yels jQfjd;a

kshdjg - wdldrhg

nUir - n%yau p¾hdfjys$fYa%IaG yeisÍfuys

yeoys,s - úYajdih$ms<s.ekSu

ixluq;a - meúÈlu;a$uyKlu;a

f.h lUqrkakd fia - f.h ;=< u ÿla ú¢ñka jev lghq;= lrkakd fia

fmr<s ykag ;=nQ fohla - fjkia ù hEug ;=nQ jia;=jla$fmr<S hkakg ;=nQ fohla

fkd fyk f,i - fkd jefgk f,i$fkd fmrf<k f,i

;kd ;nd .kakd fia - ilia fldg ;nd .kakd fuka

fmr<d - kej;

i;r iSjgka - i;r i;smÜGdkh

urd - myr §

Nfjda;am;a;s ke;s ùug - ;j;a Njhl W;am;a;sh ,eîu ke;s ùug

.ïNSrdrKH - úYd, jkdka;r

.,a mdjq¿ - l÷ nEjqï


,sÅ; wNHdi

1' l=i cd;lh mdGl" Y%djl is;a ;=< ydiH rih ckkh lrk l;d jia;=jls'

ksoiqka ;=klaj;a fhdod.ksñka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

2' cd;l l;dlrejd ñksiqkaf.a .+V is;=ú,s oek ye¢k tajd mdGlhd yuqfõ

bÈßm;a lr we;s wdldrh l=i rcqf.a pß;h weiqfrka úuiqug ,la lrkak'

3' ienE f,dalfha ldka;djlf.a Ñ;a; iajNdjh mndj;shf.a pß;fhka ksrEmKh

fjhs' ksoiqka ;=klaj;a foñka idlÉPd lrkak'

4' l=i cd;lfhka ksrEmKh jkafka ird.S is;=ï ñi msú;=re fifkyi fkdfõ'

l;d mqj; weiqfrka úuikak'

5' l=i cd;l l;dfõ m%n, ixl,am rEm uefjk wjia:d ;=kla úuiqug n÷ka

lrkak'

6' cd;l l;dlrejd l=i cd;lh rij;a j bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd NdIdj yiqrejd

we;s wdldrh ms<sn| úuisSula lrkak'

7' cd;l l;dlre mndj;sh flf¾ mdGl is;a ;=< Wmydih ckkh l< wdldrh

úia;r lrkak'

8' l=i cd;lh lshjk úg § fyda wid isák úg § wmQ¾j jd.aÑ;% ueùu tu l;d

mqjf;a úfYaI;ajhls' tjka wjia:d ;=kla ms<sn| úia;r lrkak'

wnji - bv we;s ;ek$ksoyia ;ek

yqKq - jegqKq

tla úis wkafõIK - fidhd ne,Sï úis tlla$,dN Wmhk ud¾. ^WK

.ia §u" nq,;a §u wdÈ& úis tllaa


iqNdIs;hiS;djl wjêh

3

isxy, WmfoaY ldjHhla m<uq jrg rpkd jkafka fldaÜfÜ idys;H

iufha h' ta ùod.u udysñhkaf.a f,dajev iÕrdj hs' fo jekak iS;djl

iufha w,.shjkak uqlfjá;=udf.a iqNdIs;h hs' ^ls%(j( 1611&

l=i,fhys w.h" iqok ÿok .=K" fndre fkd lSfï w.h" WvÕ= fkd

ùu" W.;=kaf.a iajNdjh wdÈh tajdfhka meyeÈ,s flf¾' fïjd tÈfkod

iudcfha Ôj;a jk úg wjYH jk idrO¾u h' iqNdIs;fha mµ"

Wmudj,ska w,xldr lr ;sîu úfYaI;ajhls' bÈßm;a flfrk WmfoaY

fmdÿ ckhdg myiqfjka jgyd .; yels jk mßÈ tÈfkod Ôú;h yd

nef|k fjk;a isoaê iu. iïnkaO lrñka rpkd lr we;'

ke Ke ;s okkayg u| .=Khla l< o

m j ;s ., flgQ wl=rla fuka ksn|

ú u ;s okkayg l< lsis .=K fkdu|

t ke ;s fõ h Èh msg we¢ brla f,o

iqNdIs;h ,sùfï wruqKq lD;sfha u i|yka fõ' md,s" ixialD; fkd

okakd whg kS;s Ydia;%h bf.k .ekSug Wmldr lsÍu tu wruqK hs'

ta nj my; lúfhka meyeÈ,s fõ'

my< fmdrK bisjr uqfjys uk k|

fou< il= u.o fkd yi< i;g oo

mqj< kS;s il .; mo wre;a f,o

isy< niska ieflúka lshñ mo ne|

iqNdIs; l;=jrhd ysf;damfoaYh" mxp;ka;%h" l=j,hdkkao wdÈ ixialD;

fmd;aj, weiqr ,nd f.k we;¦ Oïu moh jeks md,s fmd;mf;a WmfoaY

o Rcqj u Wmqgd f.k we;¦ w÷ffr" kd,aj,s wdÈ øúv fmd;aj, i|yka

WmfoaY o wdY%h lr f.k we;'

fuys tk mµ ishh u iuqøf>daI úßf;ka ,shd ;sfí' ñksia ÿ¾j,;d

foi Wmydifhka n,d mdGl uqj.g iskdjla kef.k whqßka WmfoaY

bÈßm;a lsÍu tu lúhdg ms%h jQ Wml%uhls' iqNdIs;h rpkd lsÍfï §

fjk;a fmd;aj,ska woyia ,nd .;a; o tajd bÈßm;a lr we;s wdldrfhka

lúhdf.a iajdëk ldjH m%;sNdj o m%;Shudk fõ'


1' ke f`. ; ;a wjr .sr.ska Èklr u`v,

ie f, ; ;a iqfkr mjkska fifo;;a wk,

ms fm ; ;a .sß uq÷k fy,a ue,s mshquqZmq,

fndre ke;a f; u h uy;=ka mejiQ f;mq,

woyi(

iQ¾hhd wmr m¾j;fhka Wod jqj;a" uyd fïre m¾j;h iq<`.ska fi,fj;;a" .skak

isis,a jqj;a m¾j; uq÷fkys l=uqÿ" fk¨ï" udfk,a u,a msfm;;a uyd;auhka lS

jpkfhys kï fndrejla ke;af;a u h'

2' fld f; la fjfyi ,ÿj;a iqofkda mjr

W o la f,dj i;=ka is; ÿla flfr;s ÿr

m i la rdyq uqj m;a fjñks ìh lr

w ks la miska f,dj fy<s flfrh ysulr

woyi(

fld;rï fjfyig m;a jqj;a W;=ï i;amqreIfhda f,dal i;a;ajhdf.a isf;ys mj;sk

ÿl taldka;fhka u bj;a lr;s' pkaøhd ;udf.a me;a;la Nhxlr jQ rdyqf.a lgg

wiq j ;sìh§;a wfkla me;af;ka f,dalhg t<sh ,nd fohs'

3' ms ka u | mq;=ka ishhla ,ÿj;a ksire

.= K ke K fnf,ka hq;= mq;= u h b;d .re

t l mq ka i¢ka ÿre fjhs f,dj .k w÷re

fk l ; re /iska t f,ig fkd u fõ h ÿre

Èklr - ysre iqfkr - uyfur

fifo;;a - isis,a jqj;a fy,a ue,s - l=uqÿ u,a

f;mq, - jpkh wk, - .skak

mjr - W;=ï Wola - taldka;fhka u

ysulr - i| rdyq uqj m;a - rdyqf.a uqLhg we;=¿ jQ

mqoa., .=Koyï msßyS hk ´kEu iudchla Wfoid Wmfoia §ug fuu

mµ .=re fldg .; yels h' tu.ska mqoa., Wkak;sh;a iudc hym;;a

j¾Okh jk nj i|yka l< yels h' .eUqre Ôjk o¾Ykhla ir,j myod

§u;a ld,hlg foaYhlg muKla iSud fkd ùu;a WmfoaY ldjHj, lemSs

fmfkk ,laIKhls' iqNdIs;h ta ish,a,g fyd| u ksoiqkls'


woyi(

mska wvq m%fhdackhla ke;s mq;=ka ishhla ,enqK;a m,la ke;' b;d W;=ï jkafka

.=Kfhka o kqj‚ka o n,fhka o hq;a mq;%hd u h' f,dalfhys .k w÷r tl mqka

i|la ksid ÿre fõ' fkdfhla ;drld rdYshl t<sfhka ta wdldrhg w÷r my fkd fõ'

4' úmq, .=Ke;s uy;=ka yg m;a úm;

ksi, ke‚ka hq;= W;=fuda u ÿr ,;

l,, .s¨Kq u; jr‚÷ f.dv .kq;

;=uq, n,e;s .sð|l= ñi wka flj;

woyi(

uy;a .=Kfhka hq;a uyd;auhkg meñ‚ úm;a;sh ;ekam;a kqj‚ka hqla; jQ

W;a;ufhda u ÿre lr;s' ufvys treKd jQ u;a we;arcq f.dv .ekSug uy;a n, we;s

^;j;a& we;arcl= ñi fjk ljfrla iu;a fõ o@

5' l=¨Kq .=‚ka hq;= W;=uka is; uyre

ÿok niska fkd fhfohs lrkg kmqre

kj rejkska msß uy iuqÿr .eUqre

;K iq<lska WKq l< yels fj;s ljqre

woyi(

lreKd .=Kfhka hqla; jQ W;=ukaaf.a b;d jákd is; whym;a mqreIhkaf.a jpkj,ska

kmqre ;;a;ajhlg m;a lsÍu kqiqÿiq h h' kjr;akfhka msreKd jQ .eUqre uyd jQ

id.rh ;K fld< yq<lska WKq lsÍug ljr kï flfkla fmdfydi;a fj;a o@

mska u| - mska wvq ksire - ksiaidr$ire ke;s

úmq, - uy;a ksi, ke‚ka - ;ekam;a kqj‚ka

l,, - uv u; jr‚÷ - u| lsmqK we;a rcq

;=uq, n,e;s - úYd, Yla;shla we;s .sð|d - we;d

uyre - udyeÕs ^b;d jákd&

ÿok - ÿ¾ckhkaf.a ^wi;a mqreIhkaf.a&

niska - jpkfhka


6' Èhfk; Wod j; ish lsr‚ka uyre

fuÈh; Èjd ìys ÿre fjhs .k w÷re

isßu; rc ;=ul= ÿgq mu‚ka fid÷re

we;=<; msg; Èj ? yefrh ÿlZ÷re

woyi(

iQ¾hhd ;u udye`.s rYañfhka hqla; j Wod jk l,ays fï f,dalfha odj,a ld,fha

msg;ska mj;sk .k w÷r ÿre fjhs' Y%Su;a jQ;a hym;a jQ;a rc;=ul= ÿgq mu‚ka u

ojdf,ys;a rd;%sfhys;a we;=<; yd msg; mj;sk ÿl kue;s w÷r my ù hhs'

7' re ÿ re .sks l|la .;a if|ys jkZ;=re

ñ ;= re fõ h È.;ska yuk u| ure

ñ ;= re keiSug t u fjhs miñ;=re

ñ ;= re kE flfkla ksj;=ka yg ljqre

woyi(

jkdka;rfhys fr!ø jQ .sks l|la yg .;a úg ÈYd fl<jßka yukakd jQ u| iq<`.

ta .skak iu`. ñ;% fõ' ^tkï" me;sÍug Wojq fõ'& ta iq<`. u myk ksùfuka ^Bg&

i;=re fjhs' ÿmam;=kg ñ;% jkakd jQ" fyda {d;s jkakd jQ fyda wh ljryq o@

8' k mq re l,g i; yg meñfK; fjfyi

t ÿ re fkd fjhs l< mõ m, fojd ñi

; Uq re jkh uql=,s; jk nj iji

l jq re úiska je<lsh yels fu Èh l=i

Èhfk; - iQ¾hhd uyre lsr‚ka - udyeÕs rYañfhka

Wod j; - Wod jk l,ays fuÈh; - fï f,dalfhys

ÿlZ÷re - ÿl ^kue;s& wkaOldrh

jk;=re - jkdka;rfha È.;ska - ÈYd fl<jßka

u| ure - fyñka tk iq<Õ miñ;=re - i;=re

ksj;=ka - ÿmam;=ka

ñ;=re kE flfkla - hy¿fjla fyda kEoefhla

kmqre l,g - krl ld,hg ;Uqre jkh - fk¨ï ú,

uql=,s; - mrùu fu Èh l=i - fï f,dalh ;=<


woyi(

krl ld,hg i;a;ajhdg ÿla lror meñfKk úg" lrk ,o mõj,g úmdl ,nd

§ ñi ta ^ÿla lror& ÿre fkdfõ' fk¨ï jkh ijia ld,fhys yels<S hEu fï

f,dalfhys ljrl= úiska kï je<elaúh yels o@

9' l= ß re f.dr imqkaf.a o<Zf.ys úih

u ÿ re ueis le,kaf.a ;=`vZf.ys úih

re ÿ re kqyqiqjkaf.a j,Zf.ys úih

k mq re ÿokkaf. ish,Zf`.ys u úih

woyi(

l%Er jQ f>dar i¾mhka f.a o< fl<jr úI we;' ueis uÿre iuQyhdf.a ;=v fl<jr

úI we;¦ fr!ø jQ f.dakqiaikaf.a j,s.h w. úI we;¦ kmqre ÿ¾ckhkaf.a YÍrh

uq¿,af,a u úI we;'

10' m r is ÷ mnq okka fiú mu‚ka uyre

fnf,ks÷ u| jqj;a fkd flfr;s remqka ire

n r ‚ ÷ f., jik kd ro fjñka .re

.= re <s ÷ w;ska weis lsu hy¿ f;dr;=re

woyi(

m%isoaO jQ;a msÈh hq;= jQ;a m%N+ ckhd weiqre l< ;rñka ^ÿn,fhda& n,fhka wvq jqj;a

i;=rkg fkd i,l;s' BYajrhdf.a fn,af,ys jik kd. rdchd wyxldr fjñka

.=re¿ rdchdf.ka zñ;%h" ÿl iem flfia oeZhs weiQ mßoafoks'

;=~Zf.ys - ;=v fl<jr kqyqiqjka - f.dakqiaika

j,Zf.ys - j,s.h w. ish,ZfÕys u - ish¨ YÍrfha u

uyre - msÈh hq;= jQ

mnq okka - m%N+ ckhd

fiú mu‚ka - weiqre l< mu‚ka

remqka ire - i;=rka jeä lr .ekSu î;=rka yg ie,lSu&

nr‚÷ f., - BYajrhdf.a fn,af,a

.re fjñka - wdvïnr fjñka

.=re<s÷ w;ska - .=re<df.ka" .=re¿ rdchdf.ka


11' keKe ;s okka yg u| .=Khla l< o

m j ;s ., flgQ wl=rla fuka ksn|

ú u ;s okka yg l< lsis .=K fkdu|

t ke ;s fõh Èh msg we¢ brla f,o

woyi(

kqjKe;s ckhdg hï;ï hym;la l<;a th .f,ys flgQ wl=rla fuka fkd lvjd

mj;S' w{dk ckhdg úYd, hym;la l<;a" th Èh msg wekaod jQ brla fuka ke;s

ù hhs'

12' wñ; .=K kqjK hq;= W;=fuda mn|

wk; fjfyi ,ÿj;a fkd u fj;s ÿyo

È.; m;< iqj|e;s fid| i÷ka l|

is¢; uç; tl f,i me;sfrhs iqj|

woyi(

wm%udK jQ .=Kfhka yd kqj‚ka hq;a iqm%lg W;a;ufhda fl<jrla ke;s ysßyerj,g

md;% jqj;a" ÿIag is;la we;s fldg fkd.ks;s' oi ÈYdfjys me;=reKd jQ iqj¢ka hq;a

hym;a i÷ka oKav lmk úg;a" l=vq lrk úg;a" tla úÈhg u iqj| me;sß hhs'

13' fldf;la .=K l<;a ÿokka yg wiqn

wlla muK j;a fkdu flfr;s ms<s,n

t Wla rfiys ieÿj;a ksU ìcq lsrU

Wola ;s;a;uh miÕ u ;=frys ksU

úu;s okka - wkqjK ñksiqka

wñ; - wm%udK

mn| W;=fuda - m%isoaO mqoa.,fhda

wk; - wkka; jQ$ fl<jrla ke;s

ÿyo fkdu fj;s - ÿIag yoj;a we;s lr fkd.ks;s

wlla muK j;a - u|la j;a$ wla f.ähla muK j;a

ms<s,n - m%;s,dNhla

lsrU - lsß yd c,fhka

ksU ìcq - fldfydU weg

ksU ;=frys - fldfydU .fiys


woyi(

whym;a wi;amqreIhka yg fld;rï hym;la l<;a ^Tjqyq& wla f.ähla muKj;a

wdmiq §ula fkd lr;s' Wla me‚j, nyd lsß yd c,h j;a fldg fldfydU weghla

me< l<;a fldfydU .fiys ^kï& mxpdx.h u ;ks lr ;s;a; u h'

14' i ÷ ka lmqre iu`.ska msks Èh fkdu|

fid¢ka l,,a lrñka iqj| uqj uo

ks;ska ysuZU bi bi ÿqkq jeõj o

;uka .=Kh fkd yßk jeks ÿok yo

woyi(

i÷ka yd lmqre o iqj|e;s lia;=ß o hk fïjd msksÈh fndfyda m%udKhla iu.

l,;d ^th;a iu`.& ysu c,h bisñka Ækq jeõj;a Ækqj, .=Kh w;a fkd yef¾'

wi;amqreIhdf.a yoj;;a t n÷ h'

15' ñ ks ia yg fid÷re .=K iy kq.=K we;

ks fod ia flkl= fuÈh; Wmofka ke;

fj fi ia isks÷ uqjr| nr iyia m;

fld frd ia k<ska hq;= fjhs lgq fm<sks hq;

woyi(

ñksid ;=< hym;a .=K fuka u whym;a .=K o we;af;a h' fodia ke;s mqoa.,hl=

fuf,dj WmÈkafka ke;' úfYaIfhka u fudf<dla jQ u,a me‚fhka nr jQ fk¨ï

u," lgq iys; fldrieä oKavlska hqla; fjhs'

16' f,dúka tflla tl fohlg fjhs iu;

fjkska wfklaa fohlg wfkflla iu;

fkdñka iq<Õ ,ÿj;a ;o .sï iem;

f.däka kej Èfhka r;h o fkdhkq we;

ÿqkq jeõj o - Ækq jeõj;a ysuZU - ysu c,h

fuÈh; - fï f,dalfha fjfiia - úYsIag jQ

uqjr| nr - u,a me‚fhka nr iyiam; - fk¨ï u,

fldfrdia k<ska - fldrieä oKavlska

iu; - olaI fkdñka - wm%udK f,i

;o .sï iem; - oeä .S%%Iau iïm;a;sh


woyi(

f,dalfhys tla ;eke;af;la tl fohlg olaI fjhs' wfkla ;eke;af;la fjk;a

fohlg olaI fjhs' fndfyda fihska iq<x yeuqj;a b;d ;o .S%Iauhla we;s jqj;a kej

f.dvìfuka j;a r:h c,fhkaj;a fkd hhs'

17' fkd ys ï iqj| úysfok lia;=ß ksu,

W ;= ï uqj kefnys ;eì nU keK úl,

ú k ï fu ug uy nUq moú hï l,

; n ï fndre lshk ÿokkaf. Èj uq,

woyi(

iSudjla ke;s iqj|la úysÿjk msßisÿ lia;=ß" uyd n%yauhd úiska W;=ï jQ uqjkaf.a

kdNsfhys ;ekam;a fldg we;af;a úmÍ; jQ nqoaêfhks' hï lf,l ug uyd n%yau

moúh ,enqfKd;a ^tu lia;=ß& fndre nia lshk wi;amqreIhkaf.a Èj uqf,ys ;nñ'

18' ;srir .=fKka hq;= W;=ul= yg mjr

iuqÿr ish,a ls|f,l ;=Ufil iqfkr

mqj;r fu oUÈj u¿fjl ish f.fodr

Tyqlr fkd jk iemf;la t neúka ljr

woyi(

W;=ï jQ iaÒridr .=Kfhka hqla; jQ W;=ul=g uq¿ uy;a id.rh l=vd Èh lä;a;ls'

uyd fïrej ;=Uils' iqm%isoaO cïnq oaùmh ;udf.a f.or ñÿ, h' t neúka Tyq w;g

m;a fkd jk iem;la ke;'

19' tk l, i;=kayg isß iem; uk l,

li m, ;=f<ys Èh f,d| fuka fjhs úmq,

hk l, tisß iïm;a jekiS ish,

.c ., we;=< uo iqka Èjq, m, ;=,

fkdysï - iSudjla fkdue;s uqj kefnys - uqjdf.a kdNsfhys

ls|f,l - l=vd Èh jf<ls

iqfkr - uydfïre m¾j;h

u¿fjl - ñÿf,l

Tyq lr fkd jk - Tyqf.a w;g m;a fkd jk


woyi(

i;a;ajhka yg is;a i;=gq lrjk iem iïm;a we;s jk úg l=reïnd f.äh ;=< c,h

yd f,d| fuka h ^m%udKfhka& uy;a fõ' ta" ish¨ hi biqre úkdY ù hk úg we;d

úiska .s,sk ,o f.äfha uoh ke;sjkakdla fuka ke;sj hhs'

20' fkd ñ ka f,dj ish¨ foa olakd weig

; u ka ieá u|la j;a fkdfmfkk f,ig

w kq ka fodi ols;s wkqjK ok lmg

t fu ka ish kq.=K fkd ols;s kshu fldg

woyi(

wm%udK f,i f,dalfhys we;s ish¨ foa olskakd jQ weig ;ukaf.a u iajNdjh u|la

j;a fkd fmfka' lmá fudav ckhd wkqkaf.a jerÈ okakd kuq;a ta wdldrfhka

;ukaf.a w.=K kshu wkaoñka fkd ols;s'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' w,.shjkak uqlfjá;=ud iudc idrO¾u újrKh lsÍu i|yd iajdNdúl

mßirh;a tys isoaëkq;a fhdodf.k we;s wdldrh úuiqug ,la lrkak'

2' úúO ñksia ÿ¾j,;d ydiHh" Wmydih èjks; jk f,i bÈßm;a lr we;s

wdldrh iqNdIs;fha kshñ; lú ;=klaj;a fhdod .ksñka myokak'

3' iqNdIs; l;=jrhd idrO¾u iq/lSu i|yd ord we;s W;aidyh kshñ; mµ lsysmh

weiqfrka idlÉcd lrkak'

4' w,.shjkak uqlfjá;=ud WmfoaY meyeÈ,s lsÍu i|yd i;a;aj pß; yd tajdfha

ls%hdldrlï fhdodf.k we;s whqre kshñ; lú ;=klaj;a foñka úia;r lrkak'

ukl, - is;a i;=gq lrjk

li m, ;=f<ys - l=reïnd f.äh ;=<

Èh f,d| fuka - c,h yd f,d| fuka

.c ., - we;d úiska .s,sk ,o

we;=< uo iqka - we;=f<ys uo ke;s

Èjq,a m, ;=, - Èjq,a f.äh jeks h

lmg - lmá wkqjK oK - fudav ckhd

kq.=K - fkdfyd| kshu fldg - kshu ieáfhka


Ô'î' fiakdkdhl ^1913-1985&

fjila myk 4

.=K;s,l nKavdr fiakdkdhl

1913 cQ,s ui uq,af,aßhdfõ § Wm;

,enqfõ" msßñ orejka isjqfofkl=f.ka

hq;= mjq,l nd,hd f,i h'

Tyq fld<U .%Ekaâmdiays Ydka;

fcdaima úoHd,fhka uQ,sl

wOHdmkh ,nd" oaú;Sh wOHdmkh

i|yd fld<U wdkkao úoHd,hg

we;=<;a lrkq ,eî h' tfy;a

wd¾Ól ÿIalr;d fya;= fldg f.k"

ody;rjeks úfha § Tyqg mdi,a

wOHdmkh w; yer oukag isÿ úh'

bkslaì;sj" Tyq wOHdmkh ,enqfõ

iafjda;aidyfhks' jhi wjqreÿ

oywgla muK jk úg" fld<U

uyck mqia;ld,h weiqre lrkakg

mqreÿ jQ Ô'î' fiakdkdhl" tys §

oyia .Kkla jQ bx.sßis iy isxy,

fmd;m; lshjkag jQfha h' ;udf.a

úYajúoHd,h th úKehs Tyq miq

lf,l lshd isáfha h'

jhi wjqreÿ oykufha §

mqj;am;aj,g flál;d ,sùu wrUk

,o jqj o" Tyqf.a tl ÿ l;djlaj;a

lsisÿ mqj;am;l m< fkd ù h' Tyqf.a

flál;djla f;dard f.k uq,ska u

mqj;am;l m< lrk ,oafoa" tjlg

ÈkñK m;ays m%Odk l;=jrhdj isá

ud¾áka úl%uisxy úisks'

fuu ;reKhdf.a f,aLk

l=i,;dj uekúka jgyd .;a

úl%uisxy" Tyqg f,alayjqisfhys

mqj;am;a l,dfõÈhl= yeáhg

/lshdjla ,nd ÿkafka h' l,la

ÈkñK mqj;amf;a Wml;=jrhl= f,i

lghq;= l< Ô'î' fiakdkdhl isxy,

fn!oaOhd mqj;amf;ys o jev lf<a h'

wújdylhl= jQ t;=ud f,alayjqish

w; yer f.dia iajlSh Ôú; ld,h

u idys;H lghq;= Wfoid fhoù h'

Ô'î' fiakdkdhlf.a uq,a u idys;H

lD;sh jQfha" 1945 § m< lrk ,o

ÿmam;=ka ke;s f,dalh hs'


B<`. jif¾ § Tyqf.a fojeks

flál;d fmd; jk m<s.ekSu ksl=;a

úh' tu lD;sfhys tla úfYAI;ajhla

jQfha" flál;d w;r m< lrk ,o

ksoyia fyj;a ksi|eia moH h' isxy,

moH idys;Hfha ksi|eia hq.h wdrïN

jQfha tu moHhkaf.ka neõ" wújdÈ;j

ms<s.efka' wvishhla muK jQ Tyqf.a

lD;Ska w;r fïOd" pdreuqL" jro;a;"

wjr.sr jeks kjl;d o oe,a ljq¿j"

ú¢ñ wdÈ fldg.;a ldjH lD;Ska o

ÿmam;=ka ke;s f,dalh" m<s.ekSu"

ñ;=ßh jeks flál;d ix.%y o"

úksú¢ñ w÷r kï iajhx,sÅ; wd;au

l;dj o úfYAI fldg oelaúh yels h'

l%ufhka weia fmkSu ÿ¾j, j f.dia

wjidkfha § mQ¾K wkaONdjhg m;a

jqj o" Ô' î' fiakdkdhl iajlSh

f,aLk lghq;= w;ayf<a ke;' Tyqf.a

fmd;m; w;ßka úiaila muK jQ

idys;H lD;Ska ,shk ,oafoa" tlS

wkaONdjh ;=< § h' Tyqf.a wjidk

f,aLkh fia ie,flk zrd;%shZ hk

ysiska jQ lõ fm< ,shd we;af;a"

urKhg meh mylg l,sks'

Ô'î' fiakdkdhlf.ka isÿ jQ idys;H

fufyjr jvd;a biau;= jkafka

flál;dj yd moHh hk lafIa;%

;=< h' isxy, flál;dj jvd;a

iq.u iqLkuH ud¾.hlg m;a lsÍug

fm%da;aidyS jQ f,aLlhka w;r Tyqg

ysñ jkafka woaú;Sh ;ekls' Ô'î'

fiakdkdhl ngysr idys;Hfha

fndfyda fmd;m; weiqre l< w;r

Tyqf.a flál;d flfrys jvd;a u

n,md we;af;a" .S o fudamidx kue;s

m%xY f,aLlhdf.a lD;Ska neõ

úpdrlfhda fmkajd fo;s' tfia u"

j¾;udk isxy, moHfha kj ksoyia

Í;sfha mqfrda.dñhd yeáhg o

ms<s.efkkqfha Ô' î' fiakdkdhl h'

úd¾ Lhshdï kue;s m¾ishdkq

f,aLlhdf.a iqm%lg renhshdÜ

ldjHh o Tyq úiska isxy,g k`.k

,oafoa" hglS ksi|eia fyj;a ksoyia

meÈ Í;sfhks' Tyq úiska ,shk

,o kjl;d ixLHdj w;r fïOd"

pdreuqL iy jro;a; hk lD;Ska

;=k mdGl úpdrl fomd¾Yjfha u

fkdu| wjOdkhg iy m%Yxidjg

n÷ka úh' fuu kjl;d ;%s;ajh u

i¾jld,Sk jQ f;audjka u; mokï jQ

iqúfYaI idys;H lD;Ska fia i,lkq

,efí'

isxy, idys;H úIhhg Tyq úiska

lrk ,o iïm%odkhka w;r" idys;H

fiai;a" idys;H ú.%yh iy idys;H

O¾u;dj hk lD;Ska o" idys;H

o¾Yk is;=ú,s hk ysiska wkaONdjhg

meñŒfuka miq j ,shk ,o lD;sh o

úfYaI iïNdjkdjg md;% fjhs'

f,aLk l,dfjys úúO l=i,;d f.k

yer mE Ô' î' fiakdkdhlf.a lD;Ska

w;r u,a l=udß" yd,aueiaid" r;ay÷ka

rEmh" ySkh" wUl;dj" uyf,daNhd

hk iqrx.kd l;d o we;s neõ wu;l

lrkq fkdfhfohs'

tfia u" uf.a is;=ï me;=ï" uu

tod iy wo" hk pß;dmodk

lD;Ska o" kjl;d l,dj" ngysr

fY%aIaG kjl;d" úpdr m%fõYh hk

Ydia;%Sh lD;Skao" r< ì÷u" u,mq~qj"

lelEß,a," uqÿmd‚" flf,ia ihqr"

tlg tl" hk kjl;d o wE; neü"

.uk" kegqu hk flál;d o" Ô'î'

fiakdkdhlf.a wjfYaI ks¾udKfhda

fj;s'


úYd, wg mÜgï l+vqjla iE§fï woyi

m<uqfjka we;s jQfha whshdf.a isf;ys h'

tjeks fjila mykla iE§ug wïud

wkqn, kqÿka kuq;a kx.S;a uu;a whshd

Bg fufyhjQfjuq'

whshd WK lene,a,la f.kjq;a myfkys

ueo l+vqj idokakg jQfha h' Tyq f.hs

lEu lk id,fha fïih wi, ìu

lvodishla t,d ys|f.k WK lene,a,

m,d isyska m;=rej,g brkag úh' tl,

whshd jhiska wjqreÿ oyy;rla muK o

kx.S yhla muK o uu y;la muK o

ùuq' WK len,s tla fldg wg mÜgï

l+vqjla idok ieá kx.S fyda uu fyda

fkd oek isáfhñ' tfyhska whshd WK

lene,a, m;=rej,g brk ieá wm n,d

isáfha Tyq úiauh Wmojk fohla lrkq

n,d isákakdla fuks'

Tyq myk idok ieá n,d isák kx.S;a

ud;a w;r fkdfhla úg l,y we;s úh'

whshd iei uÜgï fldg milska ;nk

WK m;=re Tyq <Õska ys| isá uu ud

wi,ska ;nd .;sñ' Tyq lmk WK m;=re

ud <Õska ;nd .ekSu kx.Sg reÑ fkd ù

h' whshd iei mil ;enQ WK m;=rla ud

olskakg fmr kx.S ;u foll=, hgg

fldg iÕjd .;a;dh' ud wi, ìu

ys| isá wE ud m;=re ols;shs ielfhka

;ud ye| isá .jqfuka foll=,a jid

.ekSug th ìu úoykakg úh' weh ;u

foll=,a jid .ekSug ;e;a lrk ieá

uf.a ielhg fya;= úh' wE WK m;=rla

iÕjd .kakg we;ehs ug is;s‚' m;=rl

fldkla wehf.a fooK w;ßka uE;a

ù ;sfnkq ud ÿgqfõ túg h' uu th

weo od wi,ska ;nd .;sñ' ke.‚hf.a

r;a meye;s isÕs;s uqfjys há f;d,

fldamfhka Èla úh' wehf.a fk;a hqj<g

l÷¿ msfrkakd ug fmksK'

is; o wei o tl fia fhdod isá whshd

kx.S WK m;=r iÕjd .;a ieá fyda

ud th Wÿrd .;a ieá fyda kqÿgqfõ h'

kx.Sf.a fofk;g msreKq lÿ¿ l%ufhka

fldmq,a Tiafia my;g niskakg úh'

fofk;ska l÷¿ je.sÍu fidfydhqßhf.a

fldamh jeä ùug fya;= úh' wE ;ud

ys| isá ;ekska ke.sg ud msámig wjq;a

uf.a ysig oeä fia myrla .id f.g

Èj .shd h' wïud ug neK weh ikikq

ug weisK'

whshd WK m;=re tla fldg úYd, iu

i;/ia rduq ihla idod tAjd tla fldg

fuys § “fjila myk” hk ysiska tk

flál;dj Wmqgd .kakd ,oafoa 1945

jif¾ § m< jQ Ô'î' fiakdkdhlf.a

ÿmam;=ka ke;s f,dalh kue;s flál;d

ix.%yfhks'

fuys lshfjkafka" fjila mykla

ms<sn| mqj;ls' l;dj lshk nd,

fidfydhqrd" ish whshd úiska idokq

,nk fjila l+vqj foi n,d isákafka

buy;a Wkkaÿfjks' fofokdf.a u nd,

ke.‚h ;=< we;s Wkkaÿj yd l=;+y,h

Bg o jeä h' l;dj wjika jkafka"

l:lhd jk nd, fidfydhqrd

w;ska fjila myk .sks .ekSu;a"

ta fya;= fldg f.k u" whshdf.a w;

ms<siaiSu;a ms<sn| isoaêhlsks' l;=jrhd

tlS isoaê fm< ukdj .<mñka

orejkaf.a f,dalh is;a;ï lrk

wdldrh o" fï orejka tlsfkld

w;r jk wdor lreKdj ;shqKq

wdldrfhka újrKh fldg oelaùu

ksid u fï flál;dj mdGlhd ;=<

pu;aldrh okjk wmQ¾j ks¾udKhla

njg m;a ù we;'


ne£fuka wg mÜgï l+vqjla iEÿfõ h'

th úYd, l+vqjls' th idok ,oafoa l=vd

l+vq úiaila we;s úYd, mykl ueo l+vqj

jYfhks' th id,fha msysá lEu lk

fïih muK Wia úh' whshd th fïih

wi,ska f.k f.dia lEu lk id,h o

f.hs ueo id,h o wi, msysá fndalal=j

hg ;enqfõ h' l+vqj tys ;enQ Tyq

È.yeÍ t,af,k ;u lñifha w;lska

k<f,ys vy¢h ì÷ msi ouñka h<s;a

fïih lrd wjq;a l+vqj foi ne¨fõ h'

k<,g jegqKq Èla jQ flia frdolska o"

tlsfklg ;o jQ fof;d,ska o fofk;

fjfyi ùfuka foda /<s fldg .;a

foneñka o hq;=j Tyq l+vqj foi ne¨fõ

fndfyda l,la fjfyi f.k fk<d

ksu l< m%;sudjla foi n,k m%;sud

Ys,amshl= fukehs ug isf;a'

kx.S uq¿;eka f.g Èj f.dia wïud

le|jdf.k wdjd h'

whshd fjila l+vqj idod ksu lrk

f;la kx.S;a ud;a n,d isáfha fkd

bjis,af,ks' Tyq YdLd l=vq i|yd m;=re

n¢k ieá o tAjd iei uÜgï lrk

ieá o n,d isá ug Tyq iEfyk muK

blauka fkdfõ hehs is;sK'

ueo l+vqj jfÜ t,a,Sug l=vd l+vq

y;rla o tA l+vq jfÜ t,a,Sug Bg;a l=vd

l+vq oyhla o idok ,È'

fmd,a w;=j,ska fyjqKq úYd, uvqjla

wfma f.hs j;af;a ù h' th idok ,oafoa

m%Odk jYfhka u wm mdGYd,djg f.k

hk nlals lr;a;h ;eîu i|yd h'

tfy;a nlals lr;a;h yefrkag" levqKq

ydkais mqgqjla yd fidamdjla o ,S o~q

f.dvla tys úh'

ueo l+vqjg w;= iú l< úg th f.hska

t<shg .; fkd yels jk ;rï úYd,

jk fyhska whshd w;= ne£ug th j;af;a

msysá uvqjg f.k .sfhah' Tyq uvqfjys

meÿrla t<d l+vqj tys ;ndf.k Bg w;=

n¢kag úh'

l+vqjg w;= ne£u i|yd whshd we;eï

úg th ;=<g neiafiah' Tyq Wiska ug

wÕ,a oyhlg jvd we;s fkd jqj o Tyqg

we;=<g nei isáh yels jk ;rï l+vqj

úYd, ùu wfma m%S;shg fya;= úh'

l+vqj, lvÞis we,ùfuka miq tys

we,ùug îlal= iE§u wdrïN lrk

,§' îlal= idokq ,nkafka i;/ia

fldg lemQ l=vd lvodis len,sj,

fldka folla kjd tla l< ;ekq l=vd

irejms;a;, lene,a, we,ùfuks' fuh

wmg myiqfjka u l< yels ldßhla jQ

fyhska îlal= iE§u wm fofokdg Ndr

lrk ,§'

wms meh lSmhla iyfhda.fhka jev

lf<uq' kx.S ikaOHdfjys uqyqK fidaod

tys mshre ;jrdf.k jfÜ /,s we,aÆ

w¨;a .jqula ye| îlal= iE§ug ud

wi,ska ys| .;a;d h' wef.a w¨;a .jqu

oel ud ;=< Wmka B¾IHdjla ksid foda

weh fldam lrùug ug is;sK'

uu w,jñka isá lvodis lene,a,

milska ;nd kyh /,s .iajd “yß

.|hs” lSfjñ' mshre ;jrd ;snqKq uqyqK

ud foig yrjd kx.S úuiqï iys;j

ne¨jd h'

“mshre oeïug uqyqfKa .| hkjdoe@” hs uu lSfjñ' ke.‚hf.a isÕs;s uqyqK

fldamfhka weo úh'

“lfÜ yeá lsß wmamqf. fydUq lg

jf.hs” uu lSñ'

wE ;ud ys| .;a ;ekska mek wjq;a ug

myrla .eiqjd h' uu o wehg myrla

.eiqfjñ' wE uf.a fojqfrys t,a,S


uf.a uqyqK m;=re .ykakg jQfhka wms

fofokd ìu fmrf,ñka fmdr w,a,kag

ùuq' idod mil f.dv .id ;snqKq îlal=

iE§ug lmd ;snqKq lvodis yd irej

ms;a;, fld< o fmdr w,a,k wmg hg

ù fmdä úh' wm fmdr w,a,k Yíoh

wid whshd o Èj wdfõ h' wïud lE

.idf.k tk y~ wid wms fofok

fmdrh kj;ajd uvqfjka msg;g Èùuq'

wïudf.ka ;e¨ï ld y~kag jQ wms

wd,skaofha uq¨ follg ùuq' uq,a,g ù

mehla muK lÿ¿ msisñka isá kx.S

fiñka ud <Õg wjq;a “whsfha l+vqj

n,kag huq” hs lSjd h'

uu lsisjla fkd lshd ys| isá ;ekska

ke.sg wïud weoaoehs jgmsg n,d kx.S

iuÕ ñ÷,g neiafiñ' whshd wm t<jd

.ks;s hs wms uvqjg hdug ìh ùuq' b;d

l=vd f.ä uq;a m%fhdackhg .; yels

f.ä yg fkd .kakd Wiaj jevqKq foys

.ila uvqj wi, we;' y~ kef.;s hs

fiñka fiñka md ;nñka foys .i hgg

.sh wms whshd úYd, l+vqj bÈßfhys

ys|f.k tys îlal= w,jk ieá n,d

isáfhuq'

uvqfjys ,ka;Ereula t,a,df.k tÈk

rd;%sfhys o whshd myk iE¥ kuq;a wmg

u~qjg hdug bv fkd fok ,§' wm

kskaog hk úg o whshd uvqfjys myk

iE§fuys fh§ isáfha h'

kx.S;a ud;a tl u we|l ksÈ lrùu

wïudf.a isß; úh' “wfma l+vqj ;rï

,iaik l+vqjla fjk fldfya j;a kE

fka o whsfha@” hs w÷f¾ hyfkys ud

wi, je;sr isá kx.S weiqjd h'

“Tõ" kx.S wfma l+vqj ;rï ,iaik

l+vqjla keye”hs ksod .ekSug weia mshd

.ksñka uu ms<s;=re ÿkafkñ'

miq Èk fjila fmdfyda Èkh úh' tÈk

wïud fjkodg jvd WoEikska wm wjÈ

l<dh' wïud wm wjÈ lr;a u .fï

mkaif,ys jhk fnr y~ wmg weisK'

fjila myka t,a,Sfuka o fldä je,a yd

f.dla /yeka we§fuka o .u uq¿,a,u

irid we;ehs ug is;=fKa h' wm fofok

wef|ka ke.sá ieáfha u myk ne,Sug

uvqjg ÈjQ kuq;a úYd, l+vqj o l=vd

l+vq o tla;eka fldg fkd ;sìK'

fjila myk t,a,Sug uyd

ud¾.hg f.k tk ,§' wfma f.or

fufylrefjla jQ lsrd Wi ;reKfhls'

úYd, l+vqj uvqfjka f.k tk ,oafoa

Tyq úisks' l=vd l+vq lsrd;a whshd;a lSm

.uklska ud¾.hg f.k wdy' úYd,

l+vqfjys w;= i;frys l=vd l+vq i;r o

tAjdfha w;=j, Bg;a l=vd l+vq o t,a,k

,§' myk ne,Sug wd fld,a,kag o

fl,a,kag o Bg w; ;eîug bv fkd §u

kx.Sf.a;a uf.a;a úfYaI ldßh úh'

fmr Èk rd;%sfhys lsrd úiska ud¾.h

whsfka Wi WK .ila isgjd ;snqfKa h'

ud¾.fhys úYd, fldgila jidf.k

;snqKq l+vq iuQyhlska hq;a fjila

myk WK .fiys fl<jr ojgk ,o

,Kqjlska Wvg weo t,a,k ,§'

È,sfik irej ms;a;, len,s j,ska o iq<x

je§ ir ir hk y~ k.ñka Tjqfkdjqka

je<| .kakd iqÿ lvodis máj,ska o hq;a

úYd, myk megjqka úiska jg lrk ,o

úYd, iqÿ mlaIs fèkqjl jekakehs ug

is;sK' fjila mykaj, w;=j, t,af,k

l=vd mykaj,g megjqke hs lSu idudkH

isß; fyhska l+vq iuQyh mlaIs iuQyhla

jekak hk woyi uf.a isf;ys we¢K'

oji uq¿,af,a u kx.S;a uu;a úáka úg

ud¾.hg Èj wjq;a wyfiys t,af,k

myfkys fi!kao¾hh n,d m%S;s ùuq'


fjila mykl iqkaor;ajh mßiudma;shg

meñfKkafka tys

bámkaoï

oe,ajQ úg h' myfkys bámkaoï oe,aúh

yels jk fia w÷re jefgk f;la kx.S o

ud o n,d isáfha uy;a fkd bjis,af,ks'

rd;%S wkaOldrh me;sfrkakg úh' u,a f;,a

f.k mkai,g hkakjqkaf.ka ud¾.h

.ejiqfKa h' whshd lsrd o le|jdf.k

myfkys bámkaoï oe,aùug ieriqfKa

h' kx.S;a uu;a wd,skaofhys ;snqKq

bámkaoï ud¾.hg f.k wdfjuq' lsrd

myk my;g nEfõ h' m<uq fldg

l+vqj, bámkaoï oe,aùu wdrïN lrk

,oafoah'

whshd úYd, l+vqfjys bámkaoï o,ajd

w;=j, l+vqj, o bámkaoï o,ajkag úh'

oe,ajQ bámkaoula wf;ys we;sj isá

ug l=vd u l+vqjl bámkaoï oe,aùug

is;=fKa h' uu whshdg fkd okajd

l+vqjl bámkaoula oe,ajQfjñ' ud ;j;a

l+vqjl bámkaoula oe,aùug ;e;a lrk

úg tys lvodis máhlg .s‚ weú,s‚'

láka msU th ksùug ud l< W;aidyh

id¾:l fkd ù h' lvodis máfhka

l+vqjg .sks weú¨fKa h' uu ìhm;a

ù lE.ikag ùñ' ug uola wE;ska isg

lsrd .sks.;a l+vqj ksùug Èj wd

kuq;a Tyqg th jyd l< fkd yels

úh' tA l+vqfjka ;j;a l+vqjlg .sks

weú¨fKa h'

túg whshd Èj wjq;a .sks .;a l+vq

fiiq l+vq w;ßka fjka lsÍug W;aiy

lf<a h' whshd keUqre ù l+vqjla uy

l+vqfõ w;a;lska bj;a lsÍug ;e;a

lrk úg Tyq we|isá nekshfuys w;g

.sks weú¨fKa h' Tyq l+vq w;ßka uE;a j

wksla w;ska .iñka nekshï w; ksùug

;e;a l< kuq;a Tyqg th ksjd .kakg

fkd yels úh' whshdf.a nekshug .sks

weúf,kq oel wm lE .ik Yíoh

wid wïud;a ;d;a;d;a f.hs isg Èj wdy'

;d;a;d whshdf.a nekshu brd bj;a

lf<a h' wm whshdf.a nekshï w; ksùug

;e;a lrk w;r .sks.;a l+vqjlska .skak

me;sÍfuka úYd, l+vqj o .sks .;af;a h'

Bg miq l+vq ksùug lsisfjla fjfyi

fkd ù h'

whshdf.a nekshug .sks weú¨Kq úg

kx.S;a ud;a wdrïN l< we~qu wms fkd

keje;aùuq' whshdf.a w; ms<siaiS ;snqKq

fyhska Tyq fodia;r f.org f.k hd

hq;= hehs ;d;a;d lSfõ h' w; ms<siaiSu

ksid whshd ñh hd yelehs ud ;=< ìhla

o fYdalhla o we;s úh' mykg .sks

weú¨fKa ud w;ska nj isysùu uf.a

fYdalh ;j;a jeä ùug fya;= úh' lsrd

wfma nlals lr;a;h ñÿ,g f.kdfõ h'

;d;a;d whshd lr;a;fha kxjd fodia;r

f.org f.k .sfha h'

mykg .sks weú¨fKa ud w;ska nj

wïud o;a kuq;a wE ug nekSug fkd

is;=jd h' wE tfia fkd lf<a ìhm;a ù

isá ud ;j;a ìh .ekaùu kqiqÿiq hehs

is;+ fykehs yÕsñ' y~ñka isá kx.S

ksYaYíoj isá wïudg ;=re¨ ù ksod

.;a;d h' fodia;r f.or hhs .ï jeishka

lshk wefmda;slßf.a f.or msysáfha wm

f.oßka ie;emau follg muK wE;sks'

tys f.dia tAu idudkHfhka mehlg

jvd fkdh;;a whshd wdmiq tk f;la

wd,skaofha lKqjlg fya;a;= ù isá ug

meh .Kkla .;jQjdla fuka oeksK'

mkaif,a jhk fnr y~ uy;a lrorhla

úh' fnr y~ kej;=Kq úg ud¾.fhka

tk y~ j,g lka ;shqKq fldg fhduq

lf<ñ'

lr;a;h mud jkafka whshd fodia;r

f.or§ u< fyhskehs ug is;sK' fï


woyi we;s j;a u úh<S ;snqKq uf.a weia

j,g h<s;a l÷¿ ke.sK' ud¾.hg lka

fhduq fldg isá uu wd,skaofha ydkais

mqgqfõ ys| isá wïud foi ne,Sñ' wE

kslgg w; ;nd f.k ksi,j isáhd h'

f.dkl=f.a lr ne¢ f.Êð y~la

wefikakdla fuka ug oeksK' uu

jvd;a jqjukdlñka ud¾.hg lka

fhduq lf<ñ' th f.Êð y~ls' Èjk

f.dfkl=f.a l=r ìu .efgk y~ o

lr;a;hl frdao mdf¾ .,a Wäka Èj

hk y~ o ug wefikakg úh' “Ñx

f.dkd” hs lsrd r¿ yçka y~ .d

f.dkdg flúfgka myrla .ik Yíoh

blaì;sj weisK' whshd ñh hkag we;

hk ìh lr;a;h <x fj;a u ud ;=<

ÈhqKq úh' whshdf.a u< l| lr;a;fhys

f.k tkq ,efn;ehs o ug is;sK'

wïud whshd lr;a;fhka niajdf.k

f.hs we;=¿ ldurhlg f.k .shdh'

whshdf.a wf;ys je,ñfgka my;

fldgi mq¿ka ;nd frÈ mglska fj,d

;sìK' uu f.g fkd f.dia wd,skaofha

ydkais mqgqfõ ksod isá ke.‚h wi,

fndfyda fj,djla ys| isáfhñ' whshd

ñh hd yel hk ìh ug is;ska my

fldg .; fkd yels úh'

uu ydkais mqgqfjka ke.sg whshd isá

ldurhg .sfhñ' ldurfhys úYd,

fidamdfjys whshd je;sr isáfha h'

wïud o fidamdfjys ys| Tyqf.a fj,d

;snqKq w; ;u welfhys ;nd f.k

isáhdh'

“äx.sßf.ka n;a b,a,df.k ld,d

ksod.kak” hs ud ldurhg we;=,a jkq

ÿgq wïud my;a iajrhlska lSjd h'

wE lSjd fkdweiqKdla fuka uu fiñka

fiñka f.dia wehf.a fomh <Õ ìu ys|

.;af;ñ' whshd úáka úg fl¢ß.dk

Yíoh Tyq ñh hd yel hk ìh ud ;=<

;j;a jeä lf<a h' uu wïudf.a ll=,a

fol je<|f.k uf.a uqyqK wef.a

fooK wiafia r|jdf.k y~kakg ùñ'

whshd fj,d ;snqKq ;u w; wïudf.a

welfhka f.k uf.a ysi msßuÈkakg

ùh'

“u,a,S”hs ysi msßuÈñka Tyq ud

weu;=fõ h'“u,a,S l+vqj ms,siaiqkdg

w~kakg tmd' wms tk wjqreoafoa Thsg;a

f,dl= l+vqjla youq'”Tyq ñh hd yele hs ud ;=< jQ ìh o

fYdalh o whshd ;u wf;ys fõokdjla

.ek fyda ;ud ñh hk njla fyda

fkdlshd fjila myk .ek l:d lsÍu

ksid foda my úh'

ñÿf,a fo,a .fiys n¢k ,o f.dkd

;u lfrys ne¢ f.Êð fid,jd ysi

i,kq ug weisK' “álla ysgqhs” lsrd

f.dkdg weu;=fõ h' tA ydu fnf,la

mksÜgqjla lsisjl yemS fmr¿fkah' uyd

ud¾.fhys n,af,la nqrdf.k Èjqfõ h'

oeù hdfuka miq b;sß jQ l+vqfõ l¿ jQ

WK lefn,s lsis úYd, i;l=f.a weg

iels,a,la fuka uyd ud¾.fhys mil

;sfnk ieá uf.a is;g ke.sK'

o,ajkakg fmr fjila myk ms<siaiS

.sfha hhs ud ;=< fYdalhla we;s úh'


,sÅ; wNHdi

1' fjila myk id¾:l flál;djls' flá l;d ,laIK weiqfrka úuikak'

2' fjila myk flál;dfjys pß; ksrEmKh ms<sn|j Tfí woyia olajkak'

3' ‘<ud is;sú,s yd <ud uki l%shdlrk wkaou fjila myk flál;dfõ ukdj

ksrEmKh flf¾’ úuikak'

4' fjila myk flál;dfõ wjia:d yd isoaê ksrEmKh ms<sn| we.hSula lrkak'

5' rij;a flál;djla ks¾udKh lsÍug tla iq¿ isÿùula m%udKj;a fõ' fjila

myk flál;dj weiqfrka fï lshuk meyeÈ,s lrkak'


isxy, kjl;d jxYh ;=< uy.u

fialrf.a ;=xux yxÈh iy

ufkdaukaÈr wmQ¾j ks¾udKoajhhla

yeáhg ie,fla' ks¾ÈIagj we;s ;=xux

yxÈh wOHhkfha § iy riúkaokfha

§ ie,lsh hq;= úfYaI ldrKd

lsysmhla u we;af;a h'

;=xux yxÈh" miq.sh ishjfia uq,a

Nd.fha Y%S ,xldfõ .ul Ôj;a

jQjkaf.a ;;= wjHdc ú,difhka

fy<s lrk kjl;djls' tu lD;sh

jvd;a u jeo.;a jkqfha" f,aLlhdf.a

Ôú; w;aoelSï ueÈ fldg .;a

wd;aul:k iajrEmfha kjl;djla

jk ksid h' fuu l;dfõ l:lhd

jk rK;=x. wdrÉÑf.a isßfiak"

l;=jrhd jk uy.u fialr u neõ

y÷kd .ekSu wmyiq ke;'

isßfiak;a" Tyqf.a foudmshkq;a"

Tyqf.a udu,d fofokd iy mqxÑ

wïud;a fuu lD;sfhys biau;=j

oelafjk m%Odk pß; fõ' Bg wu;rj"

lsishï m%udKhlg ksrEmKh

jk wjfYAI pß; o /ils' tfy;a

jeo.;a u ldrKh kï" ta ish¨fokd u

w;ßka" l:lhdf.a f,dl= udud jk

wì,sx is[af[daf.a pß;h jvd;a u

biau;= fldg fmfkkag ie,eiaùu h'

ta fya;= fldg f.k u" fï m%nkaOh

u.ska isßfiakf.a pß;h muKg u

wì,sxf.a o pß;h o újrKh jk nj

mdGlhdg meyeÈ,s jkq we;

kjl;dj y÷kd .ekSfï §" pß;

ms<sn| tu ldrKh .ek ie,ls,su;a

ùu uekú' wfkla úfYaI;ajh jkqfha"

fï l;dj f.dv k`.k ni h'

l:k isxy,h muKg u" f,aLk

isxy,h o l;=jrhd úiska Ndú; lr

f.k we;' l;dj bÈßhg .,df.k

hkafka isßfiak ;ukaf.a l;dj

lshk wdldrfhka jqj o" l;=jrhd

fhdod .kakd úfYaI Wml%u ksid"

th msgia;rhl=f.a oEig fmfkk

ú,dihla o .kS' th fï kjl;dfõ

olakg ,efnk úfYaI ,laIKhls'

wfkla úfYaI;ajh jkqfha" l;=jrhd

fhdod .kakd w;sYh iÔù wdLHdk

Í;sh fyj;a l;dj f.dv ke`.Sfï

ms<sfj< hs' tys § iÔú wdldrfhka l:k

ni fhdod .kakd wmQ¾j ú,dih oelal

yels h' Ndú; iÔú NdId ú,dih o"

ixjdo o úuid ne,Sfuka" l;=jrhdf.a

l;d l,dj uekúka y÷kd.; yels h'

;=xux yxÈh kjl;dj wjika jkafka"

isßfiakf.a f,dl=ududf.a urKfhks'

tu wjia:dj jk úg" isßfiak fld<U

urodfka ld¾ñl úoHd,fha W.ksñka

isà' isßfiakf.a Ôú;fha B<`. wjêh

úldYkh flfrkafka" ufkdaukaÈr

kï fojeks lD;sfhks' ieneúka u"

th ;=xux yxÈfha fojeks fldgi h'

isßfiakf.a ;reK Ôú;h ks¾jHdc

wdldrfhka újrKh flfrk

ufkdaukaÈr wjika jkafka" Tyqf.a

fmdä udud jk fia;ka is[af[da

uqo,d,s Wu;=njg meñK blaì;sj Tyq

ishÈú kid.kakd isoaêhlsks'

tu kjl;dj o lshjd ne,Su" ;=xux

yxÈfha ksrEms; isßfiakf.a pß;h

jvd;a fyd¢ka wjfndaO lr.ekSug

fya;= jkq fkd wkqudk h'

15 ;=xux yxÈhuy.u fialr ^1929 - 1976&


,sÅ; wNHdi

1' kjl;djl uQ,sl wx. ;=xux yxÈh kjl;dj ;=< fldf;la ÿrg olakg ,efíoehs

kso¾Yk weiqfrka úuikak'

2' ;=xux yxÈh kjl;dfõ f,dl= ududf.a pß;h ms<sn| újrKhla lrkak'

3' ;=xux yxÈh kjl;dfõ NdId Ndú;h ms<sn|j ksoiqka iys; j w.hkak'

4' ;=xux yxÈh kjl;dfõ id¾:l;ajhg tys ukd isoaê .e<mSu bjy,a ù we;'

úuikak'

5' ;=xux yxÈh kjl;dfõ Ndú; oDIaá fldaKh tys id¾:l;ajhg bjy,a ù we;s

oehs úuikak'


l=uk NdIdjlg wh;a idys;Hhla

jqj o th ‘úo.aO idys;Hh’ yd ‘ck

idys;Hh’ jYfhka m%fNao oajhhlska

hqla; h' W.;=ka úiska ks¾udKh

lrkq ,efnk idys;H lD;s úo.aO

idys;Hhg;a" idudkH ckhd úiska

lrkq ,efnk idys;H ks¾udK ck

idys;Hhg;a wh;a fldg ie,fla'

ta l=uk idys;Hhl jqj o" ldjHhg

ysñ jkafka woaú;Sh ia:dkhls'

tla tla wjêj, § W.;=ka úiska

y÷kajd fokq ,en we;s ldjH rpkh

ms<sn| úúO Ys,am l%u" kS;sÍ;s"

yd iïu; iïm%odh wkqj W.;=ka

úiska iïmdokh flfrk úo.aO

ldjH ks¾udK yereKq úg úêu;a

wOHdmkhla fkd ,enQ idudkH

ckhd úiska ;u ksi. yelshdj u;

flfrk ck ldjH ks¾udK o ldjH

idys;Hfhys olakg ,efí'

ckhd w;f¾ u ks¾udKh ù

ckhd w;f¾ u wdrlaId fjñka

uqLmrïmrd.;j mejf;k ldjH

idudkHfhka ye¢kafjkafka ‘ck

lú’ kñks' úo.aO idys;Hhla ke;s

ck fldgila w;r o ck lú my<

ù ;sîu fuka u úh;=ka lú ,sùug

fmr isg u ck lú my< ù ;sîu ck

lúfhys oelsh yels m%Odk ,laIK

folls'

isxy, ck lúhg we;af;a b;d È.=

b;sydihls' isxy, W.;=ka ldjH

.%ka: rpkd lsÍug fmr ld,fha

mgka ck lúh ckhd w;r mej;s

njg idOl nqoaOf>daI ysñhkaf.a

md<s wgqjdj,ska yuq fõ' f.dhï

rlakd <`ÿkaa msßila úiska .dhkd

lrk ,o cd;s" crd" urK hk oyï

lreKq we;=<;a fy< .Shla wid

NslaIQkajykafia,d ieg kula ry;a

M,hg m;a jQ mqj; tla kso¾Ykhls'

ú,l fk¨ï u,a fk<ñka isá oeßhl

úiska .hk ,o wks;Hh isysm;a

flfrk .Shla wid ;siai kï f;reka

jykafia flfkl= ry;a M,hg

m;a jQ mqj; o ;j;a kso¾Ykhls'

ldjH ks¾udK l=i,;dj w;S; isxy,

ckhdg ksi.fhka u Wreu jQjla nj

fmfka' “iEu isxy,fhl= u ;rul

mdfya lúfhls' hg;a msßfihska

Tjqkg lú hehs lshk ,o foh

rpkd l< yels h” hkqfjka fcdaka

fâú i|yka lr we;af;a tneúks'

j¾;udkfha ck lú olakg

,efnkafka f,aLk.;j jqj;a

w;S;fha tajd mej;sfha ckhdf.a

u;lfhys h¦ tajd jHdma; jQfha

uqLmrïmrd.;j h' tla mqoa.,hl=

úiska rpkd fldg lshk ,o

lúhla wik ;j;a mqoa.,fhl=

fyda mqoa.,hka iuQyhla fyda úiska

th Ndú;hg .efkkafka ;ukag

wefik wdldrfhks' ta wkqj ta lúh

N+f.da,Sh yd iudÔh iSud udhsï

miq lrf.k uq¿ uy;a iudch mqrd

u jHdma; fõ' tys § ta lúfha uq,a

isxy, ck lúh6


iajrEmh hï hï fjkialïj,g

Ndckh ùu iajdNdúl ixisoaêhls'

fndfyda úg m%dfoaYsl jHjydr ñY%

ùfuka tl u lúh úúO iajrEmfhka

olakg ,efnk wjia:d fndfyda h'

Bg kso¾Ykhla f,i my; oelafjk

lúfhys l¿ wl=ßka oelafjk

‘tkav’" ‘tkak’" ‘tkag’ hk jpk

m%dfoaYSh jHjydr wkqj fjkia ù

jHjydr jk wdldrh olajd we;¦

“br mdhd br uqÿkg tkav tmd

i| mdhd i| uqÿkg tkav tmd”

“br mdhd br uqÿkg tkak tmd

i| mdhd i| uqÿkg tkak tmd”

“br mdhd br uqÿkg tkag tmd

i| mdhd i| uqÿkg tkag tmd”

tfia u fï lúfhys ‘uqÿkg’ hk

jpkh fjkqjg ‘wjrg’ hk jpkh

jHjydr jk wjia:d o ;sfí¦

“br mdhd br wjrg tkak tmd

i|mdhd i| wjrg tkak tmd”ck lúh mQ¾j ksYaÑ; jia;= úIhhka

f;aud fldg .;a ks¾udKhla fkd

fõ' ck Èú fmfj; yd ne¢ ´kE

u ldrKhla ck lúhg jia;=

úIh fõ' Ôú;fha úúO wjia:d"

/lSrlaId" mqoa., ufkdaNdj"

úfkdaoh yd YDx.drh" fl<sfi,a,ï"

WmyerK" weoys,súYajdi" f;arú,s

wdÈ fkdfhl=;a lreKq ck lúhg

f;aud ù we;'

isxy, ck iudch lDIsld¾ñl

w¾: l%uh yd nqÿoyu mokï fldg

.;a ir, Ôjk rgdjlg wkq.;j

ilia jQjls' m%Odk Ôjfkdamdh

jQ f.dú;ek wdY%s; lreKq ck

lúhg fnfyúka jia;= fldg f.k

we;' iS iEu" jemsÍu" me< fk<Su"

wiajkq fk<Su" jk i;=kaf.ka j.d

wdrlaId lr.ekSu i|yd me,a /lSu

wdÈ f.dú;ek wdY%s; ld¾hhka ck

lúhg f;aud ù ;sîu fuka u tjeks

ld¾hhkays § fjfyi ksjd .ekSfï

yd úfkdaoh iemhSfï m%Odk udOHh

jYfhka ck lúh Ndú; lsÍu o

úfYaI ,laIKhls' ta wkqj ‘lu;a

lú’" ‘fk¨ï lú’" ‘me,a lú’ wd§

jYfhka tla tla f.dú;eka ld¾hhg

wod< jQ ck lú ìys ù we;'

tfia u" ckhd kshe<s fiiq ish¨

jD;a;Ska yd l¾udka; iu. o ck

lúh oeä fia noaO ù mej;s‚' ta wkqj

.e,alrejka" Tremdre mojkakka"

lïu,alrejka" l=U,alrejka"

m;,alrejka" mka l¾udka;lrejka

wdÈ iEu jD;a;shlg u wh;a

ck fldgia w;r ck lúh Ndú;

úh' “lúh Wmfhda.S lr fkd.;a

lsis u jevla isxy,hdg ke;'

fjf,a § luf;a §" mef,a §" .ef,a

§" m;f,a §" fyafka §" hlv ;e,Sfï

§ isxy,hdg lúhla fkd lshd u

neßh' fïjd jeäyßhla msßñka l<

ld¾hhka ksid" lúh mqreI mlaIhg

muKla iSud lsÍug fkd yels h'

ia;%sh o or leãu" ù flàu" orejka

ke<ùu" mka fk<Su" meÿre úùu wd§

ld¾hhkays ksr; ùfï § lúh Ndú;

l<d h” hkqfjka noafoa.u úu,jxY

ysñ i|yka lr we;af;a tfyhsks' ta

wkqj tla tla jD;a;shg úfYaI jQ ck

lú ìys ù we;' Bg ksoiqka jYfhka

‘m;,a lú’" ‘lr;a; lú’" ‘mdre lú’" ‘mka lú’ wdÈh oelaúh yels h'


mqoa., ufkdaNdjhka m%ldYkhg o

ck lúh w.kd udOHhla úh' wdorh"

YDx.drh jeks ufkdaNdj Rcqj

fuka u jHx.fhka bÈßm;a flfrk

ck lú nyq,j oelsh yels h'

úfYaIfhka ;reK mrmqr w;r

fnfyúka m%p,s;j mej;s tjeks ck

lúj, jHx.Hd¾:j;a fm%audrdOkd yd

YDx.drd;aul m%ldYk we;=<;a fõ'

ujqmsh"jeäysáhka wd§kaf.a .=K"

l=i.skak" oßø;dj" orejka yd {d;Ska

úiska fkd i,ld yßkq ,enQjkaf.a

ÿla wf|dakd" wfmalaId Nx.;ajh"

wjudk ú£ï" wkfmalaIs; jHik"

wUqieñ wdrdjq,a jeks lreKq o f;aud

jQ ck lú iq,n h'

bisUqjla ,o ie‚ka lú lshd" kgd

úfkdao ùu .eñ ckhdf.a isß; úh'

ta wkqj úúO ck l%Svdj, § Ndú;

lú o ck lú w;r úfYaI ;ekla

.kS' ,S fl<sh" T<s| fl<sh" wx

fl<sh" l<f.ä kegqu" TkaÑ,s me§u

jeks ck l%Svd iïnkaOj ìys ù we;s

ck lú /ils' zl<f.ä ud,hZ yd

zTkaÑ,s jdrïZ hk ck lú rpkd Bg

ksoiqka h'

isxy, ixialD;sh f.dv keÕSfuys,d

mokï jQ nqÿoyñka ck iudcfha

hymeje;au flfrys bjy,a jk

wdOHd;añl ixj¾Okh i|yd w.kd

WmfoaY iemhs‚' ta i|yd o ck lúh

;rï m%n, udOHhla ;j;a fkd ù h'

iudch hyu. heùfï wruqK fuka

u jerÈ" wvq ÿq~qlï we;s ;eka

úfõpkh lsÍug yd tajd u;= fldg

fmkaùug ck lúh Wmfhda.S lr

f.k ;sfí'

iajdNdúl fya;= ksid we;s jk kshÕh"

jix.;" f.dú;eka md¿ùï wdÈh

ksjdrKh i|yd isÿ flfrk n,s-

f;dú,a" fi;a-Ydka;s wdÈfha § fuka

u f.dú;efkka M,odj ,nd .;a miq

j foúhka i;=gq lsÍu i|yd mqomQcd

meje;aùfï § o ckhd Ndú; flf<a

ck lúh hs' we;eï foúfoaj;djka uq,a

lrf.k meje;afjk Ydka;sl¾uj, §

.dhkd flfrk cklú úfYaI o fõ'

fofjd,auvq yd .ïuvq wd§ mQcdjkays

.efhk zflda,auqr lúZ Bg ksoiqkls'

f;arú,s lú o ck lú w;r lemS

fmfkk lú úfYaIhls' f;arú,s

isõmo jYfhka o ye¢kafjk fï

lúj, úfYaI;ajh kï tla lúhlska

.eg¨jla bÈßm;a lsÍu;a" ta .eg¨jg

úi÷u ;j;a lúhlska bÈßm;a

lsÍu;a h'

Ôú;fha úúO ixl%dka;s wjia:d jk

Wm;" rkalsß lg.Eu" wl=re lshùu"

jeäúh meñŒu" újdyh" urKh

jeks iEu wjia:djla u yd iïnkaO

weoys,súYajdi" isß;aúß;a" j;ams<sfj;a

uq,a lr.;a ck lú o ;sfí' fï wkqj

ck lúfha jia;= úIh" ckhdf.a

wjYH;d u; ck Ôú;h yd ine¢

ish¨ wxYhka iam¾Y lrk mq¿,a

mrdihl mj;sk wdldrh ye¢k .;

yels h'

fndfyda úg úo.aO ldjHhl § rplhd

ksYaÑ;j y÷kd .ekSfï yelshdj

we;;a ck lúhl rplhd ksYaÑ; j

y÷kd.ekSug yelshdjla ke;' we;eï

úg wkaof¾ jeks m%lg lùka lshd

we;s lú ckhd w;r ck lú f,i

m%p,s; ù we;s úfYaI wjia:d we;;a

ck lúfha idudkH ,laIKh kï

tys whs;sh iuia; ck iudch u i;=

ùu h'


ck lúh yqfola kQ.;a ckhdf.a

wjHla; rpkd f,i fndfyda

úpdrlhka úiska i,lkq ,enQj;a

idys;Hhsl w.h iys; w¾:mQ¾K

yd rimQ¾K rpkd isxy, ck lú

w;r mj;sk nj i|yka l< hq;= h'

úfYaIfhka u ck lúfha úfYaI

.=Kdx.hla kï tajdfha mj;sk

wjHdc;ajhhs' wjHdc;ajh mej;s

mu‚ka lúh id¾:l fkd jk

kuq;a rij;a nj Wfoid wjHdc;ajh

b;d jeo.;a fõ'

ixlS¾K w;aoelSï yd ufkdaNdjhka

b;d ir," iq.u nilska bÈßm;a

lsÍu o ck lúfha úfYaI .=Kdx.

hls' Ôú;hg yels ;dla ióm jk

fia WmudÈ w,xldr Ndú;h iy

.eUqre Ôjk w¾: èjks; lrñka

ir, j ks¾udKh lsÍu u.ska ck

lúfha idys;Hhsl w.h ;yjqre

flfrhs' Ñrka;k lúiuhg jy,a

fjñka" .;dkq.;sl Wmud o w,xldr

Ndú; lsÍu úh;a lùkaf.a iïm%odh

úh' tfy;a ck lúj, we;af;a

ckhd úiska ;ud Ôj;a jk mßirh

wdY%fhka .%yKh lr .kq ,enQ

ruŒh ixl,am rEm nj isxy, ck

lú úuik úg fmkS hhs'

´kEu idys;Hlrejl= ;u

ks¾udKfhka W;aidy lrkqfha

mdGlhdg fyda Y%djlhdg yeÕSï

±kfjk mßÈ ;u w;aoelSu

m%ldY lsÍug h' tfy;a mßK;"

ks¾udKd;aul nqoaêhlska fyì lúhd

ish yeÕSï bÈßm;a lrkafka ixh;

iajrhlsks' fï ,laIKh fndfyda

ck lúj, o olakg ,efí'

fndfyda ck lúj, fhfok

jpkud,dj NdjmQ¾K" w¾: rifhka

fuka u Yío rifhka o wkQk jQjls'

tfuka u èjks;d¾:j;a jk nj o

oelsh yels h' ta ta wjia:djg yd

Ndjhkag WÑ; mßÈ úúO jD;a;

ksrdhdislj u Wmfhda.S lr .ekSug

ck lùyq iu;a jQy' ore ke<ú,s"

TxÑ,s jdrï" l<f.ä kegqï" f.dhï

lú hkdÈh mÍlaId lsÍfï § fuh

uekúka y÷kd.; yels h' tjeks

lú yd iïnkaO jk wjia:djkag

.e<fmk ßoauhka ta lúj, .eí ù

;sfnkafka tfyhsks'

ck lú NdIdfõ úfYaI ,laIKhla

kï l:d jHjydrhg ióm jpk

Ndú; lsÍu hs' f,aLk NdIdj yev

.efikafka W.;a f,aLl msßilf.ks'

fmdÿckhdg f,aLk NdId m%fhda.

f.dapr fkdjqK o ffoksl Ôú;fha

§ wkHhka yd ikaksfõok wjYH;d

imqrd .kakd l:d jHjydrh ck lú

ks¾udKh i|yd WÑ; mßÈ .<md

.ekSug o ukd yelshdjla ;sì‚'

l:d jHjydr NdIdj Ndú;h isÿj

we;af;a WÉpdrKfha yd m%ldYkfha

myiqj uq,a lrf.k nj fmfka' ta

wkqj ck lúfha mo rgd" Yío rgd

fuka u jdlH rgd ish,a, u mdfya

l:d jHjydrhg fnfyúka ióm fõ'

tu.ska lúhg f;aud jk w;aoelSï

yd yeÕSï oekSï wdÈh jvd;a uekúka

m%;sks¾udKh lsÍug yels ù we;'

fndfyda úg l:d jHjydr NdIdj

jHdlrK Í;sj,g wkql+, fkdjk

kuq;a thska lsisÿ wdldrhlska ri

úkaaokhg ndOdjla we;s fkd fõ'

fï wkqj ck lúh úo.aO

ldjHfhka fjkia jQ Bg u

iqúfYaIS jQ wkkH ,laIK iys; jQ

fmdÿck idys;Hdx.hla nj meyeÈ,s

fjhs'


ßÈfhka ;k,d r;arka Tn,d

ler,s flgQjhs oEle;af;a

iqr;g rkajka /,s kxjd ,d

lÈug È,sfihs oEle;af;a

wäfhka wähg ;d, lshkakg

infhka wjir ,en.;af;a

i;rjrï foúhkaf.a n,fhka

f.dhï lmuq wms oEle;af;a

brg brla ke; fufyu brla ke; bßod mdhk br jdf.a

i|g i|la ke; fufyu i|la ke; i÷od mdhk i| jdf.a

Èhg Èhla ke; fufyu Èhla ke; le,‚ .fÕa Èhjr jdf.a

fl;g fl;la ke; fufyu fl;la ke; f.dhï fk<k fï fl; jdf.a

,iaik ysujf;a ud ù mefikafka

ÿla fok w,s we;=ka mkakd yßkafka

/lafuka foúhfka fj, n;a nqÈkafka

ÿmam;alu ksihs uu me,a rlskafka

fndaUq bo, o¨ ,d foda fkd ,d foda

flláh uf,a jl hd foda fkd hd foda

le,‚ .fÕa Tre hd foda fkd hd foda

l¿f. k.d fuys tA foda fkd tA foda

lkao Wäka tk lsls<sh f.daußfha

k<,a jáka tk odäh uq;= leáfha

w; mduqÿ mh mduqÿ jhsfrdäfha

ug msgqmd f.g hkjo iqr;,sfha

w,a,d f.k fkßh w;lska lsï o kf.da

jidf.k fo;k w;lska lsï o kf.da

ysñfhla ke;s .uka ;ks uÕ lsï o kf.da

wïn,fï b|,d wms hï o kf.da

ck lúh ms<sn| wOHhkh lsÍu

jeo.;a jkafka th ck Ôú;h ms<sn|

jeo.;a lreKq wkdjrKh lr.;

yels úfYaI idys;Hhsl uQ,dY%hla

jYfhka fuka u udkj úoHd;aul

yd iudc úoHd;aul uQ,dY%hla o jk

fyhsks'


nv.sks fj,d uu .sh l, mq;=f. f.g

uek,d ù folla ÿkakhs u,a,lg

.kafoda fkd.kafoda lsh,d is;=‚ ug

uek, o mqf;a lsß ÿkafka ux kqUg

fodvï lmd,d weUq,a ;kd,d

kdkav hk yeá n,ka lÆ

fiaf,a we|,d fkßh ;shd,d

ñÿf,a ilauka lrhs lÆ

oyila §,d j<¨ ;kd,d

oEf;a w;,d n,hs lÆ

ÿkqfla u, fia W¿ f.hs we| msg

T<s| fl<sk ieá n,ka lÆ

,;a muKg ueá bÈ lrjd f.k

m;a ne|,d l<f.ä ;kjd f.k

w;a kEr u l<f.ä f;dard f.k

is;a if;diska l< msôkag fjk fjk

hiiska jeä m;a;sks l| f;Èfka

kqjrg <Õ mia ksß÷f. Whfka

jg fldg oi oyila msßjßfka

wl,g wUhla m, .;s Whfka

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' ck lúfhys fmdÿ ck Ôú;h uekúka ksrEmKh ù we;' mdvfï oelafjk

lú weiqfrka úuikak'

2' Ôjk jD;a;Ska yd ne÷Kq w;aoelSï ck lúhdg jia;= úIh ù ;sfí' ksoiqka

iys;j úuikak'

3' ck lúh wjHdc ,laIK fmkajk idys;Hdx.hls' mdvfï we;=<;a lú

weiqfrka ú.%y lrkak'

4' ck lú nfiys úfYaI;d mdvfï we;=<;a ck lú weiqfrka meyeÈ,s lrkak'


weia' uyskao ysñ ^1901-1951&

W m ka fk;a uefrkafk;a ;kshu hs f,dfõ

t hs ka msg;a;r fjk úÈhlska fkdfõ

t hs ka tfyu kï ;u hq;=lu yuqfõ

ì fh ka ;e;s .ekqu wmyg ;rï fkdfõ

7 hq;=lu

kQ;k hq.fha uq,a jljdkqjg

wh;a lùka w;r cd;Hd,h yd

cd;sldNsudkh Tma kexùfuys ,d

uy;a fufyjrla bgq l<d jQ lúhl=

f,i ie,flk weia' uyskao ysñfhda

cd;sl wd.ñl mqk¾Ôjk jHdmdrfhys

mqfrda.dó pß;hla jQy'

<ud mrmqr flakaø lr .ksñka ksoyia

yd ksjy,a Ñka;khla <ud ukiays

cks; lrjñka cd;Hd,h j¾Okfhys

,d ;u lú Yla;sh fufyhjQ uyskao

ysñfhda lõñ‚" lõuq;=" <ud lõ

l<U jeks fmd;a o ore ke,ú,a,

fyj;a cd;sl f;dá,a," ksoyia

uka;%h" ksoyia oeyek" ,xld ud;d

jeks .%ka: o rpkd l<y'

ld,Sk wjYH;d Wfoid lúh

fufyh jQ fld<U hq.fha uq,a

mrmqf¾ fndfyda lùka fuka u

Woafõ.lr jQ Rcq njla yd wdfõ.

YS,S;ajhla uyskao ysñhkaf.a ks¾udK

fj;ska o m%lg jqj o b;d iQlaIau

jQ ksi. lù;ajhla" <ud mrmqr

Wfoid t ysñhka ks¾udKh l< we;eï

moHj,ska ms<ssìUq jkqfha NdId

Ndú;fha wmQ¾j;ajh o m%lg lrñks'

cd;Hd,h jvjkq jia úYd, iudc

j.lSula ;uka fj; mjrd .ksñka

ldjHlrKfhys fhÿKq Wka jykafia

;uka úiQ hq.h ;u lúj, ksrEmKh

lrñka ldjHlrKfhys ksu.ak jQjl=

f,i ie,lsh yels h'


kï nqj leu;s wh we;s kï fkd ù uq<d

. ï uqka iefjdu .ïuqkag u tl;= fj,d

f,d ï isÿrl ;rï j;a w`v onr fkd,d

ms ï ula mksuq .ïuqkaf.a ch u n,d

W m ka .fï n, Wreuh /l .kag

i g ka flreu i;=gla kï jeis hkag

ìfh ka fkdf.dia wyq uq`Mj, ßx .kag

b ;s ka huõ .ïuqkagu tla fjkag

j ¢ ka fka ke;sj f,dl= ks,Odßka g

; u ka f.a n,h Wreuh /l .ka g

ys ;s ka j;a leu;s kï th lr .ka g

b ;s ka w`v .iõ ;u ys; ñ;=rka g

wef;d;a .ug wdorhla is;ska ismd

w ; ;a mh;a T¨j;a fjk fjk u lmd

l ; ;a lula keye ìhiq¨ .;sh mmd

w hq ;a ;lg w;a fol Tijkag tmd

w fma rg wfma cd;sh wfma .u

w fma wi,ajeishd hk ish,a ,u

w fma w;g wjk; lr f.k jyu

w fma kug i,l; Èú fouq fufyu

uq, nei ;sfnk .ïuqkaf.a iu`.s iemd

fidf,djd urd j<,kakg fhdod Wmd

l=, u, W.=,a wgjk fndre nKla mmd

ks,Odßkag úiajdih fokag tmd

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' hq;=lu mµ mka;sfha NdId Ndú;h ms<snò we.hSula lrkak'

2' ‘hq;=lu’ meÈfm< weia'uyskao ysñ úiQ hq.fha iudc wjYH;djla l=¿ .ekafjk

mßÈ ,sheù we;' úuikak'

3' w§k ñksil= f,i iudcfha Ôj;a ùfï § flfkl= úiska ish is;=ï me;=ï

yev.id .; hq;= wdldrh hq;=lu mµ mx;sfhka bÈßm;a flf¾' meyeÈ,s

lrkak'

4' isjqmo wdlD;sh id¾:lj fhdod.;a ks¾udKhla f,i hq;=lu meÈ fm< ie,lsh

yelsh' fï m%ldYh ksoiqka weiqfrka úuikak'


8

ol=fKa fuka u W;=fr;a ysre k`.shs Wfoa

rka ;re ß§ ;re ijig fm<g wefoa

y| we;s odg rinr /ia oyr yfoa

fmd,a .ia uqÿfk fuka ;,a .ia uqÿfk jefoa

W;=frka

kQ;k hq.fha uq,a mrmqrg wh;a jk

ckm%sh lùka lsysmfokd w;r m%uqLhl=

jQ id.r m,kaiQßh lúhd ‘flahia’ hk

wkaj¾: kdufhka mqj;am;a yd iÕrd

i|yd ks¾udK bÈßm;a lf<a h' m%ùK

f,aLlhl=" lúhl=" foaYlhl= muKla

fkdj md¾,sfïka;= uka;%Sjrhl= o jQ

fyf;u .=rejrhl= f,i o fiajh

lf<a h'

fgksika keue;s bx.%Sis lúhdf.a

^Bfkdla wd¾vka& kue;s ldjHh

wdY%fhka rpkd lrk ,o ‘iqfodaiqÿ’ fudyqf.a m%lg u lD;sh jk w;r

u,aydñ" ld,lKa‚hd" lkafoa f.or"

úisjqKq ;re" le,‚ ú;a;s" ms<srej

yd wfma we;a;kaf. ú;a;s wdÈ lD;s o

t;=uf.a ks¾udK fõ'

ldjH ks¾udK i|yd úfoaY ldjH

fkdu| j weiqre l<d jQ hq.hl we;eï

lùka fuka Ôú;fha YDx.drd;aul yd

fma%uŒh mlaIh ksrEmKh lsÍug jvd

flahia fhduq jQfha udkj ohdj yd

fma%uh l=¿.ekaùu flfrys h'

mj;akd iudc l%uh ms<sn| ishqï

úfrdaOdl,amuh u;jdohla l=¿.ekafjk

fudyqf.a lúh flfrys uOHia: úpdrl

wjOdkhla fkd ùu lrK fldg fiiq

fndfyda lùkag fuka u idOdrK

wjOdkhla iy we.hSula isÿ fkdù h'

id.r m,kaiQßh ^1910-1961&


f.k ths ñysß .S u|k, yuk úg

jegfyhs fkd jegyqKq ie`.jqKq lreKq ug

ks,a meyehla ke;;a fï je,s fmdf<dj msg

Wohg fmfka fnd,a msks ì÷ mn¨ weg

;ks nj oefka tys ljq;=l rih we;

ud msg f.hl nj i,lkq mqreÿ ke;

yeu fudfyd;l u we;s WKqiqï .;sh u;

W.;sñ lsu o ñksid i;= fo fk; f;;

vyÈh fy<k wh ysßyer w;r jeà

ol=fKa fuka u W;=fr;a yeu ;eku isà

úuid n,ñ Tjqkf. yojf;ys yeà

l¿.,a hlv fkd j WKq ù yef<k bà

ne| we;s ú,x.=j md ñ‚ i,U fldg

i,ld jefgk th nekaoyq bÈß msg

ñksiqka ol=fK fuka W;=fr;a fmfkk úg

isysfhka ;=rka fjhs fyg hk oji ug

ñksyd fj;ska ñksyd fjka lrk ßiska

ne| we;s mjqre mokï lsis flkl= úiska

tajd lvd ì|f.k tys msreKq miska

md,u nef|kq we; ojil W;=re foiska

mehl È tlg yuq jk ÿr we; fo;ek

fuh fjka lrkq yels lsisjl= fj o fld;ek

iqreÜgqjg tla ù W;=f¾ T;k

fíoh ms<siaiS yuq fõjd ol=K

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' ‘W;=frka’ ldjH ks¾udKhg mdol ù we;s f;audj ú.%y lrkak'

2' W;=frka meÈ fm< ld,Sk jákdlulska hqla; ks¾udKhls' Tfí woyia

olajkak'

3' ish ks¾udKh i|yd id.r m,kaiQßh fhdod f.k we;s ldfjHdala;s tys

id¾:l;ajhg bjy,a ù we;s wdldrh úuikak'


úu,r;ak l=udr.u ^1919-1962&

wd.ka;=l i;aldrh

kQ;k hq.hg wh;a §ma;su;a lúhl=

jQ úu,r;ak l=udr.u ,smslrejl=

f,i jD;a;Sh Ôú;h wdrïN lr

miq j m%dfoaYSh wdodhï md,l

OQrhg m;a úh' fudyq ìï;ekak"

fldf<dkak" jkaks y;am;a;=j jeks

b;d fkdÈhqKq yd ÿIalr m%foaYj,

fiajh lsÍfuka ,;a ks¾jHdc Ôjk

w;aoelSï ohdkqlïmdfjka hq;=j

m%;sks¾udKh lsÍug W;aidy .;a

lúfhls' .;dkq.;sl wdl,amj,ska

wE;aj ixhuYS,Sj yd uOHia:

uqyqKqjrlska w;aoelSï m%;sks¾udKh

lsÍug fm,UqKq lúhl= f,i Tyq

we.hqug md;% fjhs'

ixfõ. fõokd ^1946&" ks,a iSkh

^1941&" Trej ^1942&" ymqu,S ^1946&"

iqr;,a¨ ^1961& hk moH lD;s

l=udr.uf.a ldjH ix.%y w;r fõ'

l,la w.kqjr ;reK lú iudcfha

ixialdrljrhd f,i o Tyq lghq;=

lr ;sfí' wkjYH Ndjd;aul

núka ñÿKq b;d ixfõ§ ixhuYS,S

nj o uqyql=rd .sh lú Yla;sh

o WÑ;dkqÑ; Ndjfhka mßmQ¾K

NdId yd w,xldr Ndú;h fudyqf.a

lúfhys olakg ,efnk .=K f,i

ie,lsh yels h' udkj Ôú;fhys

yd iajdNdúl mßirfha

wfkHdakH ne£u ks¾jHdc f,i

ishqï ksÍlaIKdlaIshlska hq;=j

m%;sks¾udKh lsÍu lrK fldg

iuld,Sk fiiq lùka w;=ßka fudyq

iqúfYaI fldg ye¢kafõ' rdcH

fiajfhys ms<s.;a jD;a;slhl= f,i

fudyq úiska f.dv k`.d .kakd

,o iudc N+ñldj tA i|yd fudyqg

ufydamldÍ úh'

9


.ka;=k ;=,dfka w,shd jegqKq je fõ

iqkaor ydñ t;rï fmdfydif;la fkd fõ

;=ka,dylu ìu jevlr Èfhka je fõ

rka jka lr,a nrù oeka ìug ke fõ

Tyqf.a .ug ud .sh ta m<uq jr

;ju;a isf;a we; wu;l fkd jk hqr

fyakg f.diska f.ka yQjla ;ru ÿr

tkjd Èáñ ñá ne| f.k úh,s or

orál ;nd fijKe;s m¨ .il hg

msi ou oud odäh tk k<, msg

ud tk ;=reu isg fmkajQ isky lg

;ju;a fmfka ÿla fodïkia w;r ug

fmr oel fkdue;s uq;a iqkaor ydñ úiska

uf. f;dr;=re weiQ yeá ys;j;l= f,iska

f.ähla lvdf.k f.ñÿ, ;eô,s .iska

ms<s.ekaùh ug fidïki msreKq weiska

fmd,a foys fodvï .ia ;=k y;rls j;af;a

ÿmam;a luhs yeu ;ek ,l=Kqj we;af;a

flf,io lshd l< .=K ie,lsh hq;af;a

ÿka i; mKyj;a Tyq ke; ms<s .;af;a

wd.ka;=lj tk flfkl=g mqreÿ ke;s

ys;j;a lñka ie,l+ hq;=luh is;S

Tyq fj; uqo,lska ud l< yeáh ;=;S

isysù uf.a lïuq, r;= meyeh .;S

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' ‘wd.ka;=l i;aldrh meÈ fm< id¾:l ks¾udKhls'’ woyia olajkak'

2' úu,r;ak l=udr.uf.a lú m%;sNdj ‘wd.ka;=l i;aldrh’ mµ mx;sh weiqfrka

úuikak'

3' fï meÈ fm<g jia;= úIh ù we;s w;aoelSu fláfhka újrKh lrkak'


f,aLlhl=" mqj;am;a l,dfõÈhl="

lúhl= yd .S; rplhl= f,i

lS¾;shla w;am;a lr .;a Y%S pkaør;ak

udkjisxy kQ;k hq.hg wh;a jk

m%lg lúfhla fjhs' mqj;am;a udOH

Tiafia lúh ckm%sh wx.hla njg

m;a l< msßi w;r m%uqLhl= ùug

fudyq ,xld§m mqj;amf;a ixialdrl

uKav,fhys fiajfhys kshqla; ùu o

msájy,a jQ nj fmfka'

iudc jgmsgdj ishqï f,i

Wmydid;aul j úfõpkhg ,la

lrñka ilik ,o mdGl m%cdj w;r

fnfyúka ckm%sh;ajhg m;a ‘j.;=.’ ;Sre ,sms ix.%yh udkjisxyf.a

bÈßm;a lsÍuls' t;=ud 1955 § m%:u

isxy, .S; kdglh jQ ‘ufkdaydÍ’ rpkd l< w;r 1957 § ‘fldau,

f¾Ld’ kñka .S; ix.%yhla o m<

lf<a h' fuu .S; ix.%yfhys lú

mka;s lsysmhla we;=<;a jQ kuq;a

flaj, ldjH ix.%yhla uqøKh fkd

ù h' ‘f.d¿ oeßh’ ^1962& kñka

l=vd flál;d ix.%yhla o m< úh'

fudyqf.a wNdjfhka l,lg miq

‘idys;H rih’ kñka ,sms tl;=jla

o" ‘yoj;a ke;af;da’ kñka flál;d

ix.%yhla o" ‘bysreKq lsßn;’ kñka <ud .S fmd;la o ‘udkjisxy

idys;Hh’ kñka .oH moH rpkd

iuqÉphla o t<s oelaú‚'

fu;=ud w;ska ,shejqKq ó lsß" fjila

ñysr" .=re f.org hk w;ru." we;a

.df,a ore fmu" uf.a rg" uyfnda

jkaku jeks rpkd ir, yd iq.u

Ôjk fi!kao¾hfhka wkQk ks¾udK

f,i ie,lsh yels h' ksre;aidyl

yDohx.u jQ mo .e<mqu" yoj;g

f.dapr jQ ir, nia jyrla Ndú; lsÍu"

ks¾jHdc Ôjk fi!kao¾hh ms<sìUq

lsÍu Tyqf.a ks¾udKlrKfhys

wkkH ,laIK jk w;r iuld,Sk

fiiq lùka w;r udkjisxyf.a

iqúfYaI;ajh biau;= lr oelafjk

uQ,sldx. o f,i ie,lsh yels h'

10 we;a .df,a ore fmu

YS% pkaør;ak udkjisxy ^1913-1964&


fudlgo wïfï

wïug .eyqfõ

udu, fokafkl=

jglr,d

weÕ m; ;e<s,d

ßfokj we;sfka

fldÉpr .eyqjo

ne| ou,d

fomd i;df.a

<Õ ld î f.k

isáhu .;s.=K

fjkia fj,d

udu, Tfyduhs

Wkaf.a nygu

yerkj kElu

w;a yer,d

wïu, lk fldg

j;=r kdk fldg

;smamf, ksÈhk

fldg jeá,d

lef,a udu,d

bv § whskg

fj,d bkakjd

fkdje /l,d

ñksyhs lshkd

fomd i;df.a

<Õska .sh;a we;s

fmdä mq;=fka

f<ys mmq lï kE

yß .;s .=K kE

tA nj ljqre;a

okakjfka

wïug lsß kE

fjk wïu, wr

tfy fufy ÿjkj

neÈ f.dkafka

nv.sks tkjd

ksÈu; tkjd

fldfyduo wïfï

ud bkafka

wfka mqf;a ug

lkak fndkak kE

tA yskaÞ kE

lsß trefKa

whskl b|,d

ÿjk wïu,d-

f.ka lsß îmka

fmdä mq;=fka

orejka ke;s wïu-

,g;a lsß kï

;sfhkj yßhg

nqre¨ mqrd

tAjd wïu,

fnÞ .kakjo

wmg fndkak

yeuúgu Wrd

tl orefjla we;s

jqfKd;a /f<a wfm

ldg;a lsß tß

,d tkjd

fjkia lula kE

tl fifkyiuhs

ldf.;a orefjdhs

ie,flkjd

oelalo wïfï

yß fmdrhla fka

wfm kdhlhg

mg,ejqfKa

f,dl= ;=ka fofkl=g

ysá wäfhu isg

Bfha .y,hs

j,a jeÿfKa


kdhlhd wfm

mek,d hkafk kE

jeg ne|,d ñi

wm yer,d

Wkaoe;a tlal,

.y.kakg nE

Tlafldu ysg,;a

wr f.d,a,d

wïfu wïfu wr

n,kakflda yeá

fomd i;=ka mek

f.k tkjd

wkak wkak wfm

kdhlhd wo

f,a Þf.k ìu

fmrf<kjd

nqoaoka irKhs

fohshka irKhs

;j ;j .ia .ia

j, irKhs

.yf.k neß jqKq

;ek ñksiqka yg

Öæ Öæ .sks .=Ka-

vqfj irKhs

kdhlhd wfm

u<d fkao ±ka

fomd i;=ka <x

ù isá;s

ÿgqjo wïfï

fmdr ld f.k weo

j,sf.a f,dï .,-

-jd .ks;S

nqÿ irfK;a uÈ

foú irfK;a uÈ

uhs,a .fya ir-

-fK;a m;;S

fomd i;=ka Th

wdrlaIdjg

rka flkafoka

´jd n¢;S

wks;a u,a,s,d

kx.s, ÿjkj

mqxÑ ll=,a ßfokj

we;sfka

lsß W.=rla î

.kak nerej wr

oÕ,k yeá ÿgq

-jo ÿlsfka

fndai;a uq;a;,

biair ysáh¨

wfma l=f,;a fyd|

ku ÿkafka

o< oka ÿkak¨

nqÿ nj ,enqj¨

tA .ekj;a keye

i,lkafka

wïfu wïfu wr

fomd i;=ka fyu

Th f;dr;=re ke;=-

-jo okafka

fndai;a uq;a;,-

f.a kdfug j;a

lsß W.=rla keye

fkdje fokafka

ñksiqka w;f¾

iu.sh ke;s ù

nqÿ yduqÿrefjd

tod wfka

mdfrf,hsh jk-

hg jeä Þ wfm

uq;a; flfkls

Wmldr jqfKa


o¨ ,k ldf,a

.ia je,a fyjfKa

.x.dj, iqÿ

je,s f.d,af,a

weúo weúo wm

wdfh;a ljoo

rxpqfj hkafka

tl t,af,a

l=re,a,kaf. .S

iq<fÕ hkj we;s

l÷ /<s fyñysg

nei hoa§

ú,aj, u,a yeu

mqnq Èkjd we;s

wms fuys iqiqfuka

miqfjoa§

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' ‘we;a .df,a ore fmu’ ore fifkyi ms<sn| wmQre Ñka;djla ujk meÈ fm<ls'

úuikak'

2' ñksidf.a we;eï ls%hdldrlï i;a;aj ixy;sfha meje;aug o ;¾ckhla ù we;s

wdldrh fuu meÈ fmf<a úia;r flfrhs' meyeÈ,s lrkak'


isxy, NdId yd idys;H lafIa;%fha

úma,ùh fjkila isÿ l< wurŒh

pß;hla f,i l=udr;=x. uqksodihka

ie,lsh yels h' fudyq f,aLlhl="

NdId m%ùKhl=" úpdrlhl=" mqj;am;a

l;=jrhl= fuka u lúhl= f,i

m%lg oaúNdIl W.;l= jQ w;r

mdGYd,dpd¾hjrhl= f,i ish

jD;a;Sh Ôú;h werö h' 1917 §

idudkH oekSu ms<sn| m%Yak uefhka

.%ka:hla m< lrñka .%ka:lrKhg

wj;S¾K jQ l=udr;=x. lõis¿ñK"

ksldh ix.%yh wdÈ iïNdjH .oH"

moH .%ka: .Kkdjla ixialrKh

lrñka o ldjH .S; yd m%nkaOlrKh

Wfoid Wmfoia imhñka lú YslaIdj"

úß;a jelsh" fy< ñheish yd

m%nkafOdamfoaYh" m%nkaO ix.%yh m<

lrñka o iajlSh m%{d uysuh m%lg

lf<a h'

isxy, NdIdfõ jHdlrKh flfrys

úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq l<

fudyq" NdIdj Y=oaO jia;=jla f,i

i,lñka ñY% isxy,h neyer lrñka

iïNdjH hq.fha .%ka: weiqßka

isxy, jHdlrKfha ieÕù mej;s Í;s

iïm%odhka wkdjrKh lrñka Bg

wkqrEmj j;auka NdId Ndú;h ilia

úh hq;= h hk ±ä u;fhys t,an

.ksñka isxy, NdId mqk¾Ôjkfhys

kshe¨fKa h' ‘fy<yjq,’ kï jQ NdId

fm%aókaf.a tluq;=j f.dv k.d .;a

l=udr;=x. 1939 § ‘iqni’ iÕrdfõ;a"

1931 § ‘,lañ‚ myk’ mqj;amf;a;a

ixialdrl OQrh bis,S h' fudyqf.a

ks¾udKd;aul m%;sNdj jvd;a úYo

jkafka ldjH ks¾udK weiqßks'

ySkaierh" y;amK" u.=,a lEu" l=udr

.S hk lD;s <ud mrmqr w;r fnfyúka

ckm%sh <ud .%ka: jk w;r ‘mshiur’ fudyqf.a lù;ajfha w.% M,h f,i

ie,lsh yels fõ' <uhska i|yd fuka

u jeäysáhka i|yd l< fudyqf.a

ldjH ks¾udKj, jQ wmQ¾j;ajh yd

idrj;a nj mdGlhd flfrys tf,iska

u ikaksfõokh fkd ùu flfrys

fy< yjqf,a ±ä;r NdId u;jdo m%n,

mjqrla úh'

11 jeys j,d l=<l=udr;=x. uqksodi ^1887-1944&


1' jeys j,d l=<" mE l`M he hs Tfí

fkd fydì;s hs lsis f,ia fkd if;dia fkd jka

isrere mEfhkqz.;a iqofkda f,dfõ

fkd y÷k;a W;=uka .=Kfhka úkd'

2' meke - keÕS wyfia me;sÍ f.diska"

මy .suka is÷jd ස; is;a f;diska"

ක=Uqre - jeõ - fmdl=Kq;a mqrjd Èfhka"

ෙ,djg fokakd Tn hs wyr;a mekq;a'

3' ko wid Tn f.a meyeh;a n,d"

ෙudkre ms,a úoyd rÕ fo;a koska'

අuq;=fhka mKj;a nj ,;a fihska"

;=re ,sh;a ,sh-,hs iekeiS Èfhka'

4' iqÿ j,d l=`M fnda ue wyia l=fia

ඉy< fhhs; Tn hEu my;a je ue hs

t mqÿfula o@ Wiia keKj;a ofkda

.=K nßka keuqfKzõ mj;s;a නිතින්

5' lgg .ekau o fnda ue wudre jQ

කr Èh;a Tn .;a l,e id.frka

ñysß fjhs W;=uka iy jdifhka

ksjgfhda o Wiia fj;s fnda fihska'

6' .=K n,d Tn f.a f,d ind oyï

zTnez/ wka lsisfjla ksis kEZ lshd

úÿ,sh;a meye m;a rk oï fihska

m<|jkafk Tfí f.f, ue hs n,ka'

lshjk kqjK

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' jeys j,d l=< weiqfrka l=udr;=x. lúhd Wiia udkj .=K O¾u ksrEmKh

lrhs' tajd myokak'

2' “l¿ meyeh ms<sn|j iudcfha mj;sk wdl,amh ksfIaOkh lsÍug jeys

j,d l=< ks¾udKh iu;a fjhs” úuikak'

3' jeys j,d l=< meÈ fm< id¾:l ks¾udKhls' Tnf.a woyia olajkak'

4' mßirfha úúO wjia:d iajlSh ks¾udKfha id¾:l;ajh i|yd fhdod .ekSug

lúhd olajd we;s m%;sNdj ‘jeys j,d l=<Z weiqfrka úuikak'


Ô'î fiakdkdhl uy;d ‘ÈkñK’ mqj;amf;ys ixialdrljrhl=

f,i l,la lghq;= l< w;r

iafjda;aaidyfhka oekqu .fõIKh

l< wfhls' 1945 § uq,a u lD;sh

f,i ÿmam;=ka ke;s f,dalh keu;s

flál;d ix.%yh fudyq úiska m<

lrk ,È' 1946 § m<s.ekSu keu;s

flál;d ix.%yhg .oH yd moH w;r

jk rpkd úfYAIhla f,i y÷kajñka

we;=<;a l< ‘ksoyia’ wdlD;shg wh;a

ldjH rpkd lsysmh ksi|eia ldjH

iïm%odfha wdrïNh f,i ie,fla'

wk;=rej ,shd m< l< lD;s w;r

oe,a ljq¿j" ú¢ñ" fijKe,s hk lú

fmd;a o fïOd" pdreuqL" jro;a;"

wjr.sr" r<ì÷u" lelEß,a," u,

mqvqj" c, .e,au" ne÷u" rej" Wr.,"

uOqmdŒ" flf,ia ihqr" tlg tl hk

kjl;d fmd;a o ñ;=ßh" .uk" wE;

neü" kegqu hk flál;d fmd;a o

u,a l=urd" r;ay÷ka rEmh" uyf,daNhd"

yd,aueiaid" ySkh yd wUl;dj hk

<ud fmd;a o fõ' renhshdÜ kï

moH .%ka:h m%:u jrg isxy,hg

mßj¾;kh l< fiakdkdhl kjl;d

l,dj" úpdr m%fõYh ^1945&" ngysr

fYa%IaG kjl;d ^1955&" idys;H

fiai;a ^1957&" idys;H ú.%yh ^1961&"

idys;H O¾u;dj ^1963&" idys;H

o¾Yk is;=ú,s ^1982& wdÈ idys;H

úpdr .%ka: /ila o rpkd lr we;'

isxy, idys;Hhg wk,am fiajhla

lr we;s fudyqg YS% chj¾Okmqr

úYajúoHd,h u.ska ‘idys;H iQÍ’ iïudkh msßkeñ‚'

tf;la isxy, lúh ;=< jQ idïm%odhsl

wdlD;sh" jia;= úIh" NdIdj yd

w,xldr Ndú;h uq¿ukska u fjkia

u.lg m%fõY l< fudyq w¾:h mokï

lr .;a LKavkhlg wkqj ksoyia

wdlD;shla Tiafia iajlSh lú rpkd

lf<a h' tf;la mej;shd jQ iSudiys;

ldjH jia;= úIh m:h wìnjñka mq¿,a

yd ishqï jQ mqoa., ffp;isl újrKhla

lsÍfuys ,d m%:u jrg fm,UqKq lúhd

f,i Ô' î' fiakdkhl ie,lsh

yels fjhs' ngysr iudÔh iNH;ajh

lrK fldg isxy, iudcfha isÿ jQ

ixlS¾K;ajh jgyd.ksñka ngysr

‘Free verse’ hk ldjH iïm%odfha

fkdu| wdNdih;a mer‚ idys;Hfhka

,o Ôú; mß{dkh;a iïñY%Kh

lrñka lúhg fjkia uqyqKqjrla

,nd ÿka fiakdkdhl kQ;k isxy,

lúh fjkia u.lg m%fõY l<d jQ

wdrïNlhd f,i ie,lsh yels h'

12 w¨; f.kd ukd,shÔ'î fiakdkdhl ^1913-1985&


ysi kud .;s wE

isyska r;eÕs,s mg,jd .;s"

i;shlg fmr f.kd jr

ú<snrh uf. rkajka ukd,sh'

oe,a ;sr wiafika

fmfkhs wE

Tn hkq fudn tkq

mg ms<S f.k wnrK fmÜá f.k'

wefihs fkdfmfkk úg;a

id,fhka ldurhg

ldurfhka id,hg

hk md y~

ud fj; t;;a wE

jqjukdjla lsis;a ke;sjo

fkd /f|hs" m,d fhhs'

.E ú,jqfkys"

ke;" rkajka ifuys

fy<k iqiafuys iqj|h ta

wE n| iqj|

oefkkafk ug ú;r o@

fmfkhs wE

wefihs

oefkhs

ug f.a yeu ;ek

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' Ñ;a; rEm ueùug Ô'î' fiakdkdhl lúhd i;= jQ olaI;dj ‘w¨; f.kd

ukd,sh’ meÈ fm< weiqfrka úuikak'

2' isõ mo wdlD;shg keUqrej ;snQ isxy, lúfha wdlD;sh kj u.lg fhduq lsÍug

Ô'î' fiakdkdhlf.a odhl;ajh" w¨; f.kd ukd,sh ks¾udKh weiqfrka

w.h lrkak'

3' by; i|yka ldjH ks¾udKfha jia;= úIh ir,j meyeÈ,s lrkak'


oUfo‚ idys;H iuh iïNdjH

isxy, idys;Hfha m%dudKsl

j¾Okhla we;s l< hq.hls' md,s"

ixialD; úhrK ikH fmd;a /ilaa

u ful, ,shù ;sîfuka th ;yjqre

fõ' wkjuo¾Ys ix>rdc udysñ úiska

ffoj{ ldufèkqj" mfrdamldrh

jeks ixialD; fmd;a o ix>rlaIs;

ysñ úiska iqfndaOd,xldrh o" fõfoay

uy ia:úrhka úiska rijdysksh

jeks md,s fmd;a o uhqrmdo

msßfjkam;s nqoaOmq;% ysñ mQcdj,sh

o" m;srdc msßfjkam;s ysñ iso;a

iÕrdj o" fojk merl=ïndjka

lõis¿ñK o rpkd lr we;af;a

fï oUfo‚ iufha § h' O¾ufiak

ysñhkaf.a ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh ful,

rpkd lrkq ,enQ iqúfYaI lD;shls'

ioaOuuÜÀ;s ñÉPkaf;d - Ouufiak

h;siaifrd

wdldis mjrx t;x - ioaOuur;akdj,sx

.%ka:djidkfha i|yka fï .d:d

mdGfhka l;=jrhd O¾ufiak ysñ nj

;yjqre lr ;sfí' fï udyeÕs lD;sh

rpkd lsÍug fya;=j .%ka:drïNfha

i|yka fõ¦

“tfia fyhska hï flfkla kqjK

u|j;a l=i,ÉPkaoh we;s j

O¾udNsfhda.hg Wmfoia ,Èka nK

oek mskalï yeisr ksjka iod.ks;a

kï" tfia jQ i;a mqreIhkag jev

i|yd ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh kï jQ

m%nkaOh lrïy” ioaO¾uh keue;s ue‚la wuqKk

,o ud,h hk wre;ska lD;sh

ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh hkqfjka kï

lr we;' md,s Oïumofha .d:dj,g

nqoaOf>daI ysñ md,sfhka ix.%y l<

l;d jia;=" foaYSh .eñ Ôjk w;aoelSï

yd uqiq lrñka lshùfuka fuka u

Y%jKfhkq;a tl f,i ri ú¢h

yels wdldrhg ioaO¾ur;akdj,sfhys

bÈßm;a fõ' md,s OïumoÜG l:dfõ

we;eï fldgia w;ayßñka o w¨;a

l;d tla lrñka o Wmudfjka yd

msref<ka w,xldr fldg bÈßm;a

lsÍug l;=jrhd iu;a j we;'

ñ,skao rcqf.a l;d mqjf;a tk

kd.fiak l;dj o iq;a; ksmd;

wgqjdj weiqfrka ,shq ldIaGjdyk

l;dj o id;d.sr fyauj; l;dj"

iQúis újrK l;d yd nqÿ isß; o

OïumoÜG l:dfõ i|yka l:dj,g

wu;rj w¨f;ka tla l< fldgia h'

OïumoÜG l;dfõ tk mo.; úia;r

wdÈh fuys we;=<;a fldg fkd ue;'

13 kkao uy f;reka jykafiaf.a jia;=j O¾ufiak ysñ ôUfoKs wjêh&


;j o wkqYdikd ke;s ùfuka

YdikdNsr;s ke;sj ms<sfj; mud ùfuka

ksjka idOd .; fkd fykakjqkag

Ydikdysr;shg Wmfoia ksid kkao uy

f;reka jykafiaf.a jia;=j lshuq'

fya fl fia o h;a

nqÿyq nqÿj,d ìïir uy rcqf.a whofuka

rc.yd kqjr jev fj¿jk fjfyr jik

fiala msh rÊcqrejkaf.a wdrdOkdfjka

lsUq,aj;a kqjrg jev ksf.%dO kï

wru ie;mS,d fojk ojia isÕd we;=¿

lsUq,aj;a kqjrg jeä fiala ke;la ojiska

ÿgq msh rÊcqrejkag Wmkakla fokakdla

fuka .d:d mufKlska fidajdka lrjd

ñksia f,dj WmÈf;d;a i;a jfrlska

jvd;a fkdfyd;a fo;=ka jfrlska jvd;a

ke;' tl jfrlska jvd;a kQmokd f,i

fldg ,d wksla .d:dfjlska uyd m%cdm;S

f.da;ó kï l=vd uE‚hkaoEf.ka mQ

;k lsfrys lsß ñ, f.jd,kakdla fuka

WkaoE fidajdka lrjd" mshrÊcqrejka

;k;=frka jvd,kakd fia fio.eñ

lrjd" tu ojia j<|d wka;fhys ìïnd

ìfidjqkaf.a .=Kfhys ;ru ufy!IO

mKaä; wjia:dfjys;a úuid ;=nQ fyhska

jodrkq ksid pkaolsKaKr cd;lh

jodrd" Bg fojk ojia kkao l=urekag

fjdgqkq uÕ=,;a f.jokd uÕ=,;a újdy

uÕ=,;a ;=k tl wjêhg meñ‚ l,ays"

fï uÕ=,a ;=kg jvd ksjka uÕ=, W;=ï

neúka tA Wkag muqKjd ,ó kqjrg isÕd

jev isÕd wka;fhys ksjka w;a m;a jk

f,iska md;% Od;+ka jykafia w;g §,d

O¾fudamfoaY odkh mrud¾:

lrf.k md,sfhka ;snQ l;d isxy,

ckhdg .e<fmk mßÈ rpkd lrk

,o fï nK l;d fmd; iajdëk

uÕla .;a;ls'

O¾ufiak ysñhkaf.a NdId mßphla"

wjia:d yd isoaê ksrEmKh;a

pß; újrKh;a" Wmud Ndú;h;a

.%ka:fha úfYaI;ajhg fya;= fõ'

l;= ysñhkaf.a nyqY%e; Ndjh;a

.eñ mßirfhka Wlyd.;a udkj

ohdj;a lD;sfhys wka;¾.; iEu

l;djlska u jdf.a ms<sìUq flf¾'

msgq .Kkdjlska úia;r l< hq;=

we;eï lreKq tla Wmudjlska

bÈßm;a lr ;sîu o iqúfYaI fõ'

l;d jia;= 308la yd ux., iQ;% wd§

iQúis újrK l;d we;=¿ l;dkaor

;sia;=kl=;a óg we;=<;aj we;'

.eUqre oyï fldgia ri nr

l;dkaorj, ojgd l;d rih o

oyï rih o tl úg ú|.; yels

jk wdldrhg bÈßm;a lr ;sîu

jeo.;a h' tajd lshùfuka o lshjk

úg wid isàfuka o tl f,i ri

ú¢h yels h'

ioaO¾ur;akdj,sfha tk ‘kkao’ uy

f;reka jykafiaf.a l;d jia;=fõ

wruqKq ù we;af;a wkqYdikd ke;s

ùfuka Ydikhg wdYd fkdue;s j

ms<sfj;a mudj ksjka ,nd.; fkd

yelaljqkag Ydikh flfrys we,aula

we;s lr.ekSug uÕ fmkajd §u h'

úfgl uqj.g iskdjla kxjk ydiH

rihlska o ;j;a úfgl nqoaêf.dapr

mKaä;udkS njlska o hq;= kkao

jia;=j ljr mqoa.,fhl=g jqj o

hym;a Èúhla i|yd .=re fldg .;

yels l;d jia;=jls'


wdÈfhka hk .ukg bIag iQpl fldg

ÿka md;%h fyhska md;%h w;g yer fkd

.;a fial'

kkao l=ure o nqÿka jykafia flfrys

f.!rjfhka ‘md;%h yer .; uekj’hs

fkd lshd rc f.ka jvkd .uk

fyhska ys‚ ysi flfrys § yer.kakd

fiale hs is;+y' nqÿyq t;k §;a md;%h

yer fkd.;a fiala ys‚ md uq, § yer

.kakd fiala jke hs is;d hk l,g

t;k §;a yer fkd .kakd r|kq leue;s

j;a wNsm%dhlska u fkdj nqÿka flfrys

f.!rjfhka md;%h yer .; uekj hs

lshd .; fkdyS fu;k§ yer .kakd

fial' fu;k § yer .kakd fiala jke

hs is;d u fkd is;ska .sh;a is;ska u iir

.ukska kj;akd fyhska fh;a u h'

tA fõf,ys kkao l=urejkaf.a okjq

l,K kï jQ l=udrhkag irK ks, jQ

uq,a kE lu ljf¾ jqj;a rc lï fyhska

neoE‚hka <Õg ñksiaiq f.diska nqÿyq

msh rÊcqrejkaf.a ud<s.djg jeä .ufka

uqUoEf.ka fjka fldg kkao l=ureka

jykafia le|jd f.k jvkd fiale hs

lsjq h' t nia wiñka ´ o ysi fidaOñka

isá ;eke;af;da fidaOd fkd ksñ ysi

fla fkd ne|" jyd wjq;a ‘.sh;a iq¿

f.hs" jyd tj’ hs lsjq h' Wka lshd ¨

ni kkao l=ureka is; Èjq,a ,dgq uqiq

jhs;s ;rj jeo .kakd fia ;rfha u

jeo .;' nqÿkq;a md;%h w;ska fkdf.k

fjfyrg f.k f.diska kkao l=ureks"

uyK jjq oeZhs jod< fial'

nqÿka jod< ni uÕ=f,ka fy<d Æ lm

W.=¿jkag neßhd fia W.=¿jd ,kag neß

fyhska ‘uyK fkd fjñ’hs fkd lshd

‘hym; uyK fjñ’ lshd .súiaidy'

tneúka ;=¨ka uyK lrjZhs jykaoEg

Ndr fldg lsUq,aj;a kqjrg jeä ;=ka

jeks ojia kkao l=ureka uyK fldg

i;a jk ojia ìïnd ìfidjqka úis oyila

ry;=ka msßjrd kqjrg isÕd jeä ;uka

jykafia mE ,d ‘fyïnd mq;" ;=¨ka ÿgq o

;=¨ka isÕd weúÈkd muKla uq;a .jq

fo.jq i;r.jq muK uqjúg m<, we;s

fmdf<dj fnd< ú;r Wi we;s ksOdk

ie< i;frla we;' uqka uyK jkag .sh

;eka mgka fkd ol=ïy' f;dm ilaú;s

jk kshdj fo;siauy msßïkS ,l=Kq

keue;s ksñ;a; okakd fo;sia fokl=

lshd isgq;a jia;=;a jqjukd fõ o@ f;ms

;=¨ka lrd f.diska ksOdk mdjd .kqjZhs

ry,a l=ureka iryd hjQ l,ays

l=udrfhda;a odhdo b,ajñka miq miafiys

.uka .;ay' nqÿyq;a fkd kej;+ fial'

leá j hkafkda;a .uka .;ay' nqÿyq;a

fkdkej;+ fial' leá j hkafkda;a

nqÿka yd leá j hk .uk kj;kag

hqla;s ke;s jkakd fkd kej;+y' ry,a

l=ureyq o i| yd leá j kslauqKq kl;a

;rejla fuka kslau fjfyrg .shy'

nqÿyq ‘fï f;fï ika;l jia;=jg ;ud

wdfõ‚lj ysñ fyhska b,ajhs' tA iïm;a

;rug;a tA uq,a jk wd§kj uy;' ud

i¾j{;d {dk kue;s tl Okh § ,d

,;a Ok if;la we;' uQg;a tA Ok i;

u foñZhs is;d jÞrd ießhq;a uyf;reka

jykafia le|jd,d ‘fyïnd Ydßmq;%fhks"

f;, ry,a l=ure wm w;ska jia;= b,aj;s'

uyK jkag tk .ufka wm ,d ,d wd

rlj,a ke;s fyhska uqka b,ajk iïm;a

;=nqjd ke;' yeu;a Okfhla u fõ o@

wmg tA we;s j ;=nQ Ok i; u fok

kshdfhka ;=¨ka uyK lrj’hs úOdk

fldg uyK lerjQ fial' uyK ùfuka

isjqfrkq;a tla jeks jQ fial'

ry,a l=ureka uyK jkakd u iqfodjqka


uyrÊcqrejkag fYdal n,j;a úh'

rÊcqrefjda fYdal bjid .; fkdyS

nqÿkag okajkafkda ‘uqU jykafia uyK

jkag kslauqKq ojia we;s fYdalh kkao

l=ur-ry,a l=ur fokakdf.a uqyqKq

olakd fyhska ksúK' kkao l=ureka

uyK jQ fYdalh ;ks ry,a l=ureka

uqyqK olakd fyhska ikayqK' Wka

uyK jQ fYdalh wksla ikays÷jkafkda

ljqre o@ orefmï uqKqnqrefmï we;af;a

ug u;= fkd jkafka fõ o ldg;a iß h'

fï lghq;a; ud ms<sn| fyhska flf<a u

h' Bg lsï o@ fujla mgka uyK jkag

foujqmshka wkqfkdo;a orejka uyK

fkd lrkag úOdkhla we; uekeje’hs

oeka jQ h' nqÿyq;a hym;e hs .súis fial'

tla ojila ;sf,da.=re nqÿka iqfodjqka

rÊcqrejkaf.a rc f.g jev j<|kag

jev yqka fõ,djg iqfodjqka rÊcqrefjda

“iajdñkS" uqU jykafia nqÿ nj idOd

.kag ÿla .kakd iufha .kakd ÿla

n,j;a fyhska tla foj;dfjla ud <Õg

wjq;a uqU jykafia u<e hs hkakla lS h'

uï tA wid ‘umq;Kqfjda l,g msfmk u,a

msmS uq;a fkd kj;akd fia nqÿ jqfjd;a

uq;a fkd ñfh;s’hs lshd foaj;djdf.a

nia ud yoyd .;af;a ke;e”hs lsjq h'

‘uy rc" oeka f;ms nqÿ jk flfkl=kag

uq;a my< fkdjk fo;sia uymsßïkS

,l=Kq oel isá ;eke;af;da" kej;

Wmka ojia my< jQ fo;sila ú;r

fm<yr;a oel flfia yoyjq o@ hg

.sh oji uy oïm,a l=ure j Wmka

l,ays u< kshdj idOkag t¿jkaf.a

weg f.kjq;a mE,d lSj;a ‘wmf.a

l=,fhys Wmkakjqkaf.ka mrudhq f.jd

ñhkakjqka uq;a w;=frl ñhk flfkla

ke;e’hs fkd .súiaid u h’ hs t;ekays

uyoïm,a od jodrd rÊcqrejka wke.eñ

lrjd" ry;a ùu w;=frl fkd j ñhk

ojia Y%S% hyfkys ie;mS fyj ry;a jk

f,i jQ l,ays nqÿyq uyK .Kd msßjrd

kej; l<ukd nqoaO lD;Hh fkdksñ

fyhska wvqj imhkq ksid" rc.y kqjr

jev wfkams~q uy isgqyq úiska foõrï

fjfyr lrjd ksujd jvkg wdrdOkd

fldg hejQ l,ays iy msßjßka ieje;a

kqjrg jev foõru jik fial'

fufia nqÿka foõrïys jik l,g

wdhqIau;a jQ kkao f;reka jykafia

neoEjka ìfidjqka lshd Æ nia kue;s

jhs;s fmï kue;s Èjq¿ ,d uqiq fldg"

is;a kue;s ì;; we|Æ fyhska" tA n,d

Ydikfhys Wlg,Sj" ‘ud Ydikfhys

we¨ï ke;' isjqre yßñ’hs ys;ñ;%

jykaoEg lS fial' nqÿyq tA mj;a wid

kkao uyf;reka jykafia le|jd,d

‘ienE o kkaofhks" NslaIQkag funkaola

lsjqoeZhs úpdrd jodrd ‘ienj iajdókS’ hs

Wka jykafia lS l,ays ‘kkaofhks" isjqre

yrfKa l=ula ksid oe’hs úpdrd jod<

fial' tfia úpdrd jod< nqÿkag ‘iajdókS"

ud uyKjkag is;ska fkdis;ska tk

.ufka okjql,K ìijq fidaOdmQ ysifla

ys‚ fkd .kakd f;la wjq;a ‘jyd wj

uekeje’hs hk nila lsjQ h' uu ta ni

tla jka i|yka lrkafkï funkaola

is;ñ’hs lS fial'

tl, nqÿyq ;sî n,j;a jk f,vla

fnfyola § ikays÷jk l,la fuka

Tnf.a tn÷ wkqNdjhla ke;;a ;uka

jykafiaf.a wkqNdjfhka w; w,ajd

f.k ;õ;sid foõf,djg jvkd fiala

w;=reu`. kjoe,s fiakla ujd,d tA

fiafka od .sh lKqfjl od jl .eiS

.sh je¢ßuE,a,l ujd,d ;jq;sid

foõ f,djg jev ilafoú÷yqf.a mka

ishhla muK fojÕkka mE,d ‘l=ula o


kkaofhks" reúka jQ l,S fï fojÕfkda

hym;a;= o fkdfyd;a okjq l,K ìijq

hym;a;= oe’hs úpd< fial'

‘iajdókS" l=ula jodrk fiala o fï

fojÕkka ÿgq l,g tA okjql,K ìijq

kï w;=reuÕ kjoe,s fiafka wm ÿgq od

jl .eiS .sh je¢ßuE,a,;a já;a oe’hs

lS fial' tA wid nqÿyq ‘tfia ù kï

kkaofhks" YdikdNsr;sh we;s j is,a

rlaId flf<a kï flf,iqka f.jd .kag

kqjQfjd;a foõf,dj bmo fojÕkka

,nk kshdjg uu wemfhñ’hs jod< fial'

ta wid kkao f;reka jykafia ‘tfia ù

kï fojÕkka ,nk kshdjg fu ;rï

wem;a we;s neúka nUir yeisfrñZ hs lS

fial' fuf,iska iiafkys we¨ï we;s

lrjd yeoys,s ke;s flfkl=ka m%isoaO

ia:dkhg f.k f.dia ;rh lrjd reÑ

foh lrjd .kakd fia is,a rlaId lsÍug

foõf,dj f.k f.diska ;rh lrjd

f.k kkao f;reka jykafia yer f.k

foõf,dj jev Wka jykafiag wem jQ

kshdj fkd yÕjkakg lrkakdla fuka

foõf,dj § w;=reokaj

“fndOfkhHx ckx Èiajd - i;iyiafiys

fhdcfk

LfKk Wm.ka;jdk - fndfO;s ;x

uyduqks”

hkq fyhska weis,a,lska foõru my<

jQ fial' jykaoE fu mj;a wid ‘kkao

f;reka jykafia kï nqÿkaf.a l=vd

uE‚hkaoEf.a mq;a fial' uyKj

lrk ixluq;a f.h lUqrkakd fia

fojÕkka ksid,' ths;a wemhlg fkd

ksis nqÿkaf.ka wem we;sj ,eZhs kkao

f;reka jykafia <Õg f.diska fu yeu

lshd fjfyik fial'

kkao f;reka jykafia o jykaoEf.a

l;dfjka ;rfha u ,Êcd we;sj

fojÕkka flfrys l< wd,h yeÍ"

fmr<s ykag ;=nQ fohla fkd fyk f,i

;kd ;nd .kakd fia fmr<d uyK oug

u is;ai;ka fhduq fldg,d rc isß yer

wjq;a ksjka isß fkd jrokd ksid fkd

mudj jik fial' hï fia f,afkla ;ud

;rï flfkl=ka ;udg i;=rej wd l,

;udf.a kÕ=g l=mamjd,d thska .id,d

my flf¾ o" tfuka <x jQ flf,ia

i;=re flfkla we;a kï i;r iSjgka

kue;s uq.=frka urd m,jñka hï fia

Èú fofkla flf;la jqj;a tl jfrl

jok megjqka uq;a fojk uqrfha fkd jÞ

o" tl uqrfhka u j| fõ o" tmßoafoka

Wmka cd;s úkd Nfjda;am;a;s ke;s ùug

woyia we;sj hï fia Èúfhla ;K le<E

wdÈh hg jeo,d ys| f.dÿre w,ajd .kS o"

tfia u w¾y;a M, kue;s f.dÿre ksid

.ïNSrdrKH rela uq,a" .,amdjq¿" l÷/,s"

.,a.=yd fidfydk wnji hkdÈhg

t<U" hï fia Èúhd f.dÿre w,ajd .;a

l,g jue<efhka yqKq f.dÿre fkd

ld o t mßoafoka tla úis wkafõIK

jYfhka fõjhs’ jd.a ú{ma;s jYfhka

fõjhs" Wmka fohla we;akï úI ñY%hla

mßoafoka yer úoiqka jvd ry;a M,

kue;s fjdgqkq me<£fuka yer wd

rdcdNsfIalhg rdcHdNsfIalhla ,Èka

yer mshd wd f.uÕ=,g ksjka f.uÕ=,a

fldg yer wd újduÕ=,g m,iuj;a

újduÕ=,a fldg" nqÿka ika;l ksjka rg

;uka jykafiag;a ysñ l< fial'

tla foaj;dfjla rd;%s fõf,ys foõru

jik nqÿka lrd f.diska je|,d ‘iajdókS"

uqU jykafiaf.a u,a jQ kkao uyf;reka

jykafiaa ry;a jQ fiale’hs lsjQ h' Tyq

fkdlshk f;la u nqÿyq;a foõf,dj .sh

.ukska u iir .uka ksujd ry;a jQ


kshdj úui úuid ys¢kd fiala tfia u

o;a fial' kkao uy f;reka jykafia o

rd;%sh mdka jQ l,ays nqÿka lrd f.diska

je|,d ‘iajdókS" uqU jykafia foõ f,dj

jeä .ufka fojÕkka mka ishhla ud

,nk kshdjg jQ wemfhla we;af;a fõ o"

fu jla mgka fojÕkka ;nd lsisjl;a

udf.a we,aula ke;s fyhska tA wem

ke;e’hs lS fial' nqÿyq tA wid jodrd

‘kkaofhks" f;dm ry;a jQ kshdj wms;a

o;=ïy' foaj;djl=;a wjq;a wmg lsj' t

fia fyhska f;dm lSj;a fkd lSj;a wms

tA wemfhka ñÿKqïy’ hs jodrd ry;aj

fYdaNdj;a jQ uqyqK Bu ;nd fYdaNdu;a

lrjQ fial' jykaoE o f.diska ry;a

kshdj fkdoek ‘l=ula o@ fmr

is;kafka isjqre yrkg fõ o oeka l=ula

oehs úpdrd ‘ud .sysùfuys wd,fhla

ke;e’hs lS l,ays uq .sys ùfuys wd,hla

ke;s kshdj lsh;s' uqka fndre lshk

kshd fõ oe hs nqÿkag t mj;a oeka jQ

fial'

nqÿyq tA wid ‘uyfKks" hï fia fiú,s

fkd oekafuka kmqre fldg fidhdÆ

f.h jeis ke;s úfgl uq;a jeiai

jg úg u f;fï o" t mßoafoka iu:

Ndjkd" úo¾Ykd Ndjkd keue;s

fiú,a, fkd okakd fyhska ;ox.

úuqla;s keue;s tla ;rï fiú,a,lska

fidhdÆ is;a keue;s f.hla flf,ia

keue;s tla ;rï jeiaila jg;a f;ó

uq;a fkd yrfKa h' hï fia fiú,a,

okakjqka hym;a fldg fidhdÆ f.h

tla;rd jeiailska ;nd uy;a jeiailskq;a

fkd f;fï o t mßoafoka oaúm%ldr

Ndjkd keue;s ;r fiú,af,ka fidhd

Æ is;a keue;s f.h iir uy uqyqÿ mqrk

;rï jQ flf,ia u. jeis jg;a fkd

f;fu’hs jod< fial'

tA wid kkao f;reka jykafiaf.a kq.=K

lshkag .sh jykaoE fidajdka M,dÈhg

meñŒfuka f,djq;=rd .=Kh ,;a fial'

i;H wi;H fkdo;a jykaoE p;=iai;Hh

o;a fial' O¾u iNdfhys o l:dfjla

Wmofka' nqÿjreka jykafia kï b;d

wdYap¾h fial' ckmo l,HdŒka ksid

ksjka iïm;ska msßfykag isá u,Kqjka

jykafiag tla ;rï fohl weúá

we;a;jqkag jeähqre fohla mE,d weúá

l< tla ;rï fofhys weúá yrjkakd

fia okjql,K ìfidjqka flfrys l<

weúáh foõf,djg f.k f.diska

fojÕkka mE,d wrjdÆ fial' fï wksla

ldg ms<sjka oe’hs hk l:dj h'

nqÿyq;a jykaoE lrk lrk l;dj

Èjlkska wid jodrd" ‘NslaIQyq kkaohka

Ydikfhys we¨ï lrjd .;a kshdj

wrNhd l;dj flfr;s' uu t f;kg

.sfhï kï ‘fyïnd uyfKks" tA oeka

u;= fkdjkafka fõ o hg.sh oji;a

f;, f,i u Wkag we;s jQ weúáhla

yerùñ lshd,d tA yÕjkag cd;l

l;djla f.k yer olajñ' udf.a fï

cd;l foaYkdj miajd oyi uq¿,af,ys

fndfyda fokdg fndfyda m%fhdack idOd

fokafka h’hs is;d jodrd O¾u iNdjg

jev iqúkS;j iqYslaIs;j jevyqka m¾Io

n,dmshd ‘rka kejla uOH fldg msmS

jekS .sh r;a fk¨ï jkhla fia fï

NslaIq m¾Io b;d fydì;s' uu m<uq

fldg l;djg wdrïNhla flf<ï kï

ñka fmrd;= fldg nila neK kef.k

flfkla ke;' uï u m<uq fldg l:dj

Wmojñ hs is;d ‘uyfKks" ud tkakdg

fmrd;= fldg flfia jQ l:djla fldg

fldg yqKq oe’hs úpdrd jodrd fï l;dj

kshdj oekajQ l,ays ‘uyfKks" tA oeka

u;= fkdfj’hs jodrd NslaIQka jykafia


úiska wdrdê; jQ ;sf,da.=re nqÿrcdKka

jykafia Niau m%ÉPkak cd; fõohla

fia Njfhka ieÕù ;=nQ bl=;a j;a l:dj

olajk fiala

“uyfKks" hg.sh oji nrKeia kqjr

nUo;a kï rcl= rc lrk l,ays tu

nrKeia kqjr lmamg kï fj<|dK

flfkla jQy' Wkaf.a tla fldg¿fjla

oiduqKla ú;r nr Wiq,hs' ojilg

tf;la nr Wiq,df.k wgúis .õjla

ú;r fhhs' tla iufhl tA fj<|dfKda

fldg¿jka Wiq,kakdjQ .e,aj,ska nvq

f.kajdf.k ;lai,d kqjr f.diska

f.k .sh nvq úlm;a jk f;la

fldg¿jdKka ;K m;a lkag y<jq h'

blaì;af;ka tA fldg¿jdfKda o w.<

msg ld weúÈkd f;ke;af;da tla fldg¿

fokl oel wE <Õg .shy' Ths;a Wka

yd idoidóÑ l:d lrkakS zfldhs isg

wjqoe’hs úpdrd nrKeia kqjr isg hhs lS

l,ays zl=ula ksid fuf;la l;r wjqoe’ hs úpd<Sh'

‘fj<|dï msg wdñ’ lS l,ays ‘Wiq,kafka

flf;la nr oe’hs úpd<Sh' ‘oiuqKla

ú;r nr Wiq,ñ’ lS l,ays ‘fuf;la

nr Wiq,df.k oji flf;la ;eka

hjq oe’hs úpd<Sh' ‘wg úis .õjla ú;r

fhñ’ lS l,ays ‘tA jkakd fuf;la ;eka

ksluq;a fkdj nr Wiq,df.k hj' .sh

;ek .uka weúÈk mh ñßlk flfkla

weoao" keoaoe’ hs Bg msg,d wksla ú;drk

fohla úpd<Sh' ‘ke;e’hs lS l,ays

;sßika jqj;a ia;%S l,g ia;%S udhfuys

wvqjla ke;s fyhska ;ud flfrys we¨ï

lrjd .kakd ms‚i ;sßikqkag md

ueéu ke;e;a ‘t ú;rl=;a ke;akï

ÿla kshd fõ oe’hs ;ud Wkag iïN

jqfjd;a bka uqÜgqjla ke;s f,ig

Wkag yÕjd lS h' fldg¿jdfKda ienE

nilehs is;d t nfiys u t,S .;ay'

fj<|dfKda o f.kd nvq úlm;a fldg

f.k fldg¿jd <Õg wjq;a ‘f.kd nvq

úlm;a fldg .;=ïy’ hs lsjQ h' zuqU oeka

.sh uekj' uu r|ñ’hs fldg¿jdfKda

lsjQh' kej; kej; fm/;a; lSj;a

fldg¿jdfKda hkag ue<s jQ u h' tA

wkslla ksid fkd fjhs' fldg¿ fokf.a

nia kue;s uf,ys ne£ h' fj<|dfKda o

f;dm ue<s u neúka (-

‘mf;dokaf;lßiaidñ - fid<ix.=,lKaglx

i[aý‡siaidñ f; ldhx - tjx cdkdys .øy’

hkq fyhska ‘leúá yq, u fid<iÕ=,la

muK jQ leúgla lrjd,d lejqgqjï

fldg;a f.k fhó’ lS l,ays ‘tfia

lf<d;a fmr md fol ;rfha ìu Tnd

f.k" miaid mhska wf`vka .id o;a

j.=rejd mshóZ lSy' fj<|dfKda tA wid

zuqka fuf;la lf,l fufia jQ nila

lS úrE ke;' ldrKd lsï foda fydaZ hs

wE; uE; n,d fldg¿ fok oel zuE

ksidh fu f,ig lrjd .;af;a hZhs

is;d wg ;eklska jlaj ;=nQ ue‚flys

,Kqj wjqKd ,kag ksis kqjK we;s jk

uyd mqreIhdK flkl=ka fyhska zf;ms

r|kag fkdis;j' Tn .sh l,"

zp;=mamÈx ixLuqÅx - kdßx iínx.fidNsksx"

Nßhx f; wdkhsiaidñ - tjx cdkdys .øy"

hkq fyhska zilla yd iudk fid|

uqyqKla we;s ;udf.a cd;shg b;d

rEm;a jQ fldg¿ fokl f.kjq;a mdjd

foñZhs lSy' t nia wid n,j;a fia

i;=gq j f.diska n, n,d isá fldg¿

fok flfrys wd,h ke;s j" niska weiQ

fldg¿ fok flfrys wd,h n,j;aj

ztfia ù kï mgjdÆ nr;a yer f.k

fuf;la l,a hk wgúis .õjg wfkla

wgúis .õjl=;a msg,d ,d i mKia

.õjla fhóZ lsjQ h'


wre;a meyeÈ,s lsÍu

fj<|dfKda o hym;eZ hs .súi le|jd

f.k ish ;ekg f.diska lSm ojilska

fldg¿jdKka fldg¿ fokf.a iajrEm

i|yka lrjQ l,ays zwdÈ tfia lshd ,d

fkdf.fkkafka ke;' f.kjq;a mdjd

foñ' n, tflla we;' Wka we;;a jegqma

úhoï f;dm muKlg foñ' Wka ug lrk

fufyhla ke;s fyhsk' tfia ÿka foh

f;dm fokakdg we;s fjhs" u| fjhs' uu

tA fkd oksñ' W! miqj f;dmg fndfyda

orejkq;a jo;s' orejka jqj;a wUqjka jqj;a

Wka fndfyda jqjhs wmf.ka /flkakka

fndfyda fyhska jegqma fndfyda fkd

flfrñ' iEfya kuq;a u| fõ kuq;a

iqmamdrl cd;lfhys lrkjEñhdg od

rÊcqrejka ljr ;rï oialula oel;a wg

uiaila u fokakd fia f;dm flf;la

fokd jqj;a f;dm muKlg foñZhs lsjQh'

tA wid fldg¿jdfKda fldg¿ fokqkag

l< wd,h jegqmg fldf<da h' nqÿyq fï

cd;l foaYkdj ksujQ fial'

t fyhska kqjKe;a;jqka úiska flf,iaa

úiska mj;akd wl=i,ska ÿrej Ndjkd

l=i,a msysgd ;ox.d§ jYfhka is;a i;ka

msßisÿ lghq;='

YdikdNsr;s - nqÿ iiqk ms<sn| we,au

ms<sfj; mud ùfuka - m%;sm;a;s msÍug m%udo ùu ksid

nqÿ j ,d - nqoaO;ajhg meñK

whofuka - wdhdpkd lsÍfuka

ke;la ojiska - fndfyda ojilska

Wmkakla fokakdla fuka - ;ukag ,enqKq hula fokakdla fuka

i;ajfrlska jvd;a - Wmßu jYfhka jdr y;la

fo;=ka jfrlska jvd;a ke; - jdr fol ;=klg jvd ke;

jvd ,kakd fia - Wiia lrkakdla fuka

fio .eñ lrjd - ilDod.dó ;;a;ajhg m;a fldg

wdÈfhka hk .ukg - uq,ska u hk wjia:djg

bIag iQpl fldg - hym;a fohla wÕjd

ys‚ ysi - mäfm< uqÿfkys

r|kq leu;s j;a - kej;Sug leu;s jQj;a

wNsm%dhlska - n,dfmdfrd;a;=jlska

is;ska u iir .ukska kj;akd - is; lrK fldg f.k iir .uk kj;sk

fyhska neúka

irK ks, jQ - újdyhg kshñ; jQ

neoE‚hka - {d;s ifydaoßh$újdy ùug kshñ; ldka;dj

uqU oEf.ka - Tn;=ñhf.ka


iq¿f.hs - {d;s ifydaorhd$újdy ùug kshñ; mqoa.,hd

jhs;s - Ñ;%hla we| th È.=l,a meje;au i|yd u;= msáka

;jrk wdf,amh

uyK jjq oehs - meúÈ jkafkys oehs

uÕ=f,ka fy<d Æ lm - ux., kel;lska isgq jk ,o lKqj

;=¨ka - fï ;eke;a;d

mE,d - fmkajd

uqj úg m<, - lsishï jgl=re Ndckhl uqÿfka úIalïNh

fmdf<dj fnd< ú;r Wi we;s - fmdf<dfõ >k;ajfha ;rug Wi ;sfnk

ie< i;frla - ye<s y;rla

fo;sia uy msßïkS ,l=Kq - uyd mqreIhl=g wh;a jk mqreI ,laIK ;sia fol

fo;sia uyd msßïkS ,l=Kq keue;s - fo;sia uyd mqreI ,laIK hkqfjka ksñ;s ;sia

ksñ;a; okakd fo;sia fofkl= folla lshd we;;a jia;=jla jqjukd fõ o@

lshd isgq;a jia;+;a jqjukd fõo

wdfõ‚lj ysñ fyhska - mrïmrd.;j whs;s ksid

jd.a ú{ma;s - jpkj,ska lrk ,o b,a,Sula

úoiqka jvd - úo¾Ykd Ndjkdj ÈhqKq fldg

yer wd rdcdNsfIalhg - w;a yer oud meñ‚ rclu fjkqjg

rdcHdNsfIalhla ,Èka - rdcH .Kkdjlg u rc moúhla ,eîu ksid

f.uÕ=,g - .Dy ux.,Hh$f.g f.j§u fjkqjg

ksjka f.uÕ=,a - ks¾jdKh keue;s .Dyhg we;=¿ ùfï ux.,

W;aijh

újd uÕ=,g - újdy ux.,Hh fjkqjg

m, iuj;a újd uÕ=,a - M, iudm;a;sh keue;s újdy ux.,Hh

Bu ;nd - tys u ;nd

isjqre yrkg - isjqre yer hEug

fiú,s fkd oekafuka - w;= fiú,s fkd lsÍu ksid

kmqre fldg - jerÈ f,i

fidhd Æ f.h - w;= fiú,s l< ksji

jg úg u - jeis jegqKq wjia:dfjys u

fiú,a, - fiú,s lsÍu$jid oeóu

;ox. úuqla;s - ta wjia:djg muKla flf,iaj,ska w;añ§u

tla ;rï fiú,a,lska - tla wdldrhl fiú,s lsÍulska

fidhd Æ - w;= fiú,s l<

tla ;rï jeiaila jg;a - tla wdldrhl jeiaila jegqK;a


ú;drk fohla - úuik hula

uqÜgqjla - wvqmdvqjla$jrola

uf,ys - u,mq`vqfjys$W.=f,ys

leúá yqq, - fldagq rdYsh

fidf<diÕ=,la - wÕ,a oyihla

leúgla - yrl=ka olald f.k hEu i|yd fhdod .efkk

flúgla

lejqgqjï - flúfgka wekSu

illa - yla f.ähla

wdÈ - uq, §$uq,ska

;ox.dÈ jYfhka - ta wjia:djg muKla hgm;a ùï jYfhka

uiaila - rka l,|la nr ldishla

f;ó jq;a fkd yrfka h - f;ó ñi w;a yeÍula fkd fõ

^taldka;fhka u f;fuhs hk woyihs&

oaúm%ldr - fohdldr

;r fiú,af,ka fidhd Æ - ksjerÈ f,i w;= fiú,s l<

tla ;rï fohl weúá we;a;jqkag - tla fohla ,nd .ekSug leue;a; m< l< whg

jeä hqre fohla mE,d - Bg jvd jeä m%;sM,hla ,efnk fohla fmkajd

weúá l< tla ;rï fofhys - leue;a; oelajQ jia;=j ms<sn|

weúá - leue;a;$wdYdj

yrjkakd fia - bj;a lrkakdla fuka

mia jd oyil - wjqreÿ mka oyila

iqYslaIs; - ukd f,i yslaujk ,o

m¾Io - msßi

Niau m%ÉPkak cd;fõohla - w¿j,ska jeiS .sh .sks mqmqrla

úlm;a - úlsŒ wjika

fuf;la l;r - ldka;drfha fuf;la ÿr

ta jkakd - th tfia fõjdæ


,sÅ; wNHdi

1' —hï fia fiú,a, okakjqka hym;a fldg fidhd ¨ f.h tla;rd jeiailska ;nd

uy;a jeiailskq;a fkd f;fï˜ hkak kkao ysñf.a pß;h weiqfrka úuikak'

2' zlmamgZ fjf<kaodf.a Wmdh {dkh ms<sn| úuiSula lrkak'

3' ioaO¾ur;akdj,sfha iqúfYaI ,ËKh jQfha rij;a l;dkaorhl .eUqre oyï

wka;¾.; lr ;sîu hs' kkao jia;=j weiqfrka úuikak'

4' m%ia;=;hg WÑ; f,i Wmud Ndú;hg O¾ufiak ysñ oelajQ l=i,;dj Wmud

myla weiqfrka úuikak'

5' O¾ufiak ysñ l;d mqj; rij;aj bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd wjia:d ksrEmKhka

flf;la ÿrg id¾:l j fhdodf.k we;s o hkak kkao jia;=fõ wjia:d ;=kla

fhdod .ksñka myokak'


weka;ka mjqf,dúÉ fpflda*a" 1860

ckjdrs 17 jeksod ol=Kq reishdfõ

;ka.afrda.ays Wmkafka h' Tyqf.a mshd

l=vd fj<|i,a ysñfhla úh' mqxÑ

weka;kag Ôj;a jkakg isÿ jQfha" oeä

úkhlg hg;aj h' Èkm;d hd{d .S;

lshjkakg;a" m,a,s hkakg;a Tyqg

isÿ úh' jhi wjqreÿ mfya § Tyq ;u

mshdf.ka o~qjï ,eî h' Tyqf.a <ud

úh lsisfia;a u iqkaor jQfha ke;'

;udg <ud ld,hla fkd;snqfKa hehs

fï uyd f,aLlhd miq lf,l lshd

isáfha" ta ksid úh yels h'

fpflda*af.a jhi wjqreÿ myf<dj

muK jk úg" mshd nxfldf,d;aj

isáfha h' Tjqyq fudialõ kqjrg

meñK ÿIalr Ôú;hla wdrïN l<y'

fudialõ úYajúoHd,hg we;=¿ jQ

weka;ka fpflda*a" ffjoH úoHdj

yodrkakg jkafka h' Ôjfkdamdh

i|yd fyf;u fudialõ kqjr

m;a;rj,g ydiHckl l;d ,shkakg

mgka.;af;a h' weka;ka fpflda*af.a

f,aLk l,dj wdrïN jQfha ta

wdldrhg h'

f,dal idys;Hfha uyd flál;dlre

jYfhka ye¢kaúh yels fpflda*a

;=ka wjqreoao" yfha jdÜgqj jeks

flá kjl;d o ,shqfõ h' tfy;a

Tyqf.a §¾> ks¾udK w;r" jvd;a

m%Yia; jkafka kdgH rpkd h' Tyq

kdgH rpkd l<d muKla fkd fõ'

ta kdgH fõÈldj i|yd ksIamdokh

o lf<a h' fpßj;a;" ifydaoßhka

;sfokd" jkahd udud" uqyqÿ ,sys‚hd

hk kdgH y;r fpflda*af.a mßK;

idys;H ks¾udK w;r fjhs'

reishdkq isrlrejka .ek jd¾;djla

,shkq i|yd Tyq wE; fmrÈ. iL,ska

¥m;g meñ‚fha h' th b;d ÿIalr

pdßldjla jQ w;r" f,aLlhdf.a Ôjk

oDIaáh flfrys o uy;a fia n,mE

w;aoelSula o úh'

fuu úiauh t,jk ;SrKhg fya;=

ljf¾oehs myoñka" fpflda*a ish

ñ;%hl=g fufia ,shd heù h'

“ffjoHjrhl= jk uf.a kS;Hkql+,

ìß| ffjoH úoHdjhs' weh w;yer uu

weka;ka mjqf,dúÉ fpflda*a ^1860-1904&

14 je,mSu


idys;Hh kue;s wkshï ìß|g fmï

nekafoñ' idys;Hh iuÕ Ôj;a jQ ug"

ud w;yer oud meñ‚ ffjoH úoHdj

kue;s ìß|g f.jk jkaÈhla yeáhg"

iL,ska ¥m;g f.dia úoHd;aul

ksnkaOhla ,shkakg uu ;SrKh

lf<ñ'”1890 wfma%,a udifha § iL,ska ¥m;g

f.dia wdmiq hoa§ Tyq ,xldjg o

meñ‚fha h' ta" 1890 fkdjeïn¾ 12

jeksod h' ‘Ydka; mSg¾ian¾.a’ kue;s

fk!ldj fld<U jrdfha kex.=rï

,d ;snqK ld,h w;r;=r § Tyq

mer‚ Ô'´'tÉ' fydag,fha fyj;a

j¾;udk ‘;efm%dfíka’ fydag,fha

,e.=ï.;a nj oeka b;sydi.; h'

fï .ufka § f,aLlhd uykqjrg o

.sfha h' Tyq foysj, i;a;=j;af;a §

uq.áhka fofokl= ñ,g .;af;a h'

iL,ska isg wdmiq hoa§ ,xldjg meñKs

fï .uk .ek i|yka lrñka miq

lf,l § weka;ka fpflda*a fufia

,shd ;eî h'

“uu wmdh;a" ÈjH f,dalh;a fol u

oelald'”fpflda*af.a .=fima kue;s úYsIag

flál;dj ,shjqfKa fï ixpdrfhka

miqjh' tys wdfõYh jQfha" u< isrere

folla kefõ isg uqyqog úis lsÍu h'

Tyqf.a Ôú;fha wjidk Nd.h

f.jqfKa" fg,sfldaõ m<df;a msysá

wlalr 775la úYd, jQ j;af;a h'

l=pqlafldahs kue;s mqxÑ .ïudkfha

msysá ta j;af;a f.dú;eka lrñka o"

f,vqkag m%;sldr lrñka o" Tyq .;

flf<a b;d ikaiqka Èúhls'

tl,ays tys meñ‚ ulaisï f.da¾ls"

fpflda*a .ek wmQre iau¾K igykla

,shd ;eî h' fofokd w;r isÿ jqKq

l;dnfya § fpflda*af.a jeä wjOdkh

fhduq jqfKa tiufhys lgql Ôú;hla

.; l< reishdkq .=re mrmqr flfrys

h' Tyq f.da¾lsg mejiQ jokaj,ska

ì|la fufia h'

“ug we;s ;rï i,a,s ;sfhkj kï"

uu .ïno Ôj;ajk frda.S .=rejrekag

fi!LH ksfla;khla yo, fokj'

Tõ" f,dl= f.dvke.s,a,la - we;s moï

wdf,dalh ;sfhk - Tn okakjfka -

f,dl= cfk,a ;sh," iS,su Wig .y,"

f,dl= ukaÈrhla yokj' uu tafl

w,xldr mqia;ld,hla yokj' yeu

j¾.fh u ix.S; NdKav f.akj' t<j¿

j;a;l=hs" m,;=re Whkl=hs yokj'

ta jdf. u óueis fmÜá;a f.ke,a,

;shkj' fï ukaÈrfh lDIs úoHdj"

ld,.=K úoHdj jdf. foaj,a .ek

foaYk mj;ajkav i,iajkj' .=rejre

yeufohla u oekf.k bkav ´kE'

Tõ" f,dl= Wkakeye" yeu fohla u'''”“reishdfj .ïno m<d;aj,g fyd|

olaI W.;a .=rejre fudk ;rï

wjYH o lsh, Tn okakj o@ fï

reishdfj" .=rejreka i|yd wms b;d

fyd| ;;a;ajhla f.dvk., fokav

´kE' tal blaukg u lrkav ´kE'

ck;djg" yeu me;af;ka u msreKq

i¾j iïmQ¾K wOHdmkhla ,enqfK

ke;akï tfyu" rdcHh ì| jefgkj'

yßhg" oUq .,aj,ska yodmq f.hla ì|

jefgkj jdf.'''” weka;ka fpflda*a T,a.d kSm¾ kue;s

ks<sh yd újdy jk úg" Tyqf.a jhi

wjqreÿ y;<syla úh' laIh frda.fhka

fm¿Kq fï f,aLlhdf.a uyd idys;H

Ôú;h wjqreÿ 44la ;rï flá l,l §


we¢ß hduhhs' fkdfnda fõ,djlg

fmr ùÈfha oe,ajqKq myka isidrd >k

ysuleg jefgñka f.j,aj, mshis;a"

wYajhskaf.a msgj¨;a" ñksiqkaf.a Wrysia

yd ysiajeiquq;a jidf.k ;=kS ;Ügqjlaj

mj;shs' ;ks iqÿ meyeh f.k isá bfhdakd

fmdgfmd*a kï ßhlre wj;drhla

fuka fmfkhs' Tyq isrer yels<Sug

mq¿jka ;rï folg keó wdikfha

ksYap, j b|f.k isáhs' Tyq bkafka

ysu lkaola ;ud fj; lvd jegqK;a bka

.e,ùug Wjukdjla ke;a;l= f,isks'

tfia u ;ks iqÿ meye;s Tyqf.a wYajhd o

fkdfi,afjhs' Wf.a ksfid,auka .;sh;a"

flÜgq isrer;a" o<o~q Èla ll=¨;a ksid

W! ;Uhlg jvd jákdlula ke;s

mdkamsá wYajhl=f.a wdldrh Wiq,hs' W!

nr is;sú,a,lska miqjk njg ielhla

ke;' md¿ fmfoil msysá l=Uqrl iS iEu

Wfoid k.=,l fhdojd isá tll= bka

uqod" l,n,fhka tA fï w; yeisfrk

ñksiqkaf.ka yd f;drf;dakaÑhla ke;sj

kefÕk Yíofhka hq;a fï ìh Wmojk

t<sh iys; ysu j.=rg oelal=fjd;a W!g

fuf,i is;sú,a,lg fkd jeà isàu

ÿIalr fjhs'

fl<jr ùu f,dal idys;H

b;sydifha b;d u ÿlaÅ; isoaêhla

úh'

1904 cQ,s 02 jeksod Tyq wjika yqiau

fy<S h'

weka;ka fpflda*a úiska ,shk ,o

flál;d ixLHdj o wk,am h' Tyqf.a

uq,ald,Sk flál;dj,g ksñ;s ù

we;af;a ydfiHda;amdol ir, isoaëka

h' tjka ir, ieye,a¨ flál;d

ud,djla Tyq úiska ,shk ,oafoa" toji

reishdfõ m< jQ mqj;am;a iy jdr

m%ldYk Wfoid h'

tfy;a Tyqf.a miqld,Sk flál;d

jvd;a .eUqre udkqIsl f;audjka

úIh fldgf.k we;s neõ" wújdÈ;

lreKls' ks¾ÈIag j we;s “je,mSu” kue;s flál;dj o tjka .eUqre

f;audjla úIhh lr.;a ks¾udKhls'

fuu wmQre flál;dj" bx.%Sis

mßj¾;kh wdY%fhka isxy,g k`.k

,oafoa" iqm%lg isxy, f,aLlhl=

jk wurodi ùrisxy uy;d úisks'

Tyq úiska isxy,g k`.k ,ÿj"

“ld;Hd” hk mkays| kdufhka" tlS

flál;dj uq,ska u m< jkafka 1954

cQ,s - iema;eïn¾ ixialD;s ff;%udisl

l,dmfhys h'

weka;ka fpflda*a ish ks¾udKh

i|yd úIhh lr.kafka" toji

reishdfõ Ôj;a jQ bfhdakd fmdgfmd*a

kue;s wirK wYaj lr;a;ldrfhls'

Ôúldj i|yd wia ßh mojkag isÿ ù

we;s kuqÿ" fuu l;dj lshk wjia:dj

jk úg" bfhdakdf.a mq;d ikaksmd;

WfKka ñh f.disks' ;udf.a wia ßhg

f.dv jk yeu u.shl=g u" ta i;sfha §

;u mq;= u< mqj; lshkag Tyq W;aidy

l< o" lsisjl=;a Tyqg ijka fokafka

ke;' wka;sfï § wiaßhlreg l=Iaud

bfhdaksÉ kue;s ish mq;= u< mqj;

lshkag isÿ jkafka ;udf.a u wYajhdg

h'

b;d iSrefjka f;dard.kakd ,o isoaëka

lsysmhla u.ska wkjYH úia;rj,ska o

f;dr j weka;ka fpfldaõ" bfhdakd

kue;s wirK wiaßhlref.a pß;h

ksu jk whqre úuid ne,Sfuka"

fyd| flál;djl ,laIK

ljf¾oe hs y÷kd.ekSug mdGlhdg

wjia:dj ie,fikq we;'


bfhdakd;a Tyqf.a l=vd wYajhd;a fndfyda

fj,djlska t;kska fi,jqfKa ke;'

Tjqka ßh kej;=ï fmd<ska msg;ajQfha

iekaoEfõ h' tf;la fuf;la Tjqkag

tl u l=,shl=ÿ fkd ,eìK' ieoE óÿu

k.rh fj; .,d hñka nenf<ñka

mej;s myka t<sh iqÿue,s lrhs' ùÈfha

f>daIdj o wêl fjhs' “úfnda¾.a mdrg

hkakg lr;a;hla”"hs bfhdakdg

yÈiaisfhka wefihs' “´hs lr;af;a” bfhdakd ;s.eiafihs' f,dl= lndhla

weÕ ,df.k" ysia jeiaula me<| isá

hqoaO ks,Odßhl= Tyqg ysfuka jeiqKq

weys msydgq w;ßka fmfkhs' “úfnda¾.a

mdrg"” hs ks,Odßhd kej;;a lshhs'

“tAhs" WU ksÈ o@ úfnda¾.a mdrg huka”bfhdakd leue;a; yeÕùug ysi

fid,jd" f;dakamg w;g .;af;ka

wYajhdf.a fn,af,ka yd msfgka ysu

;Ügq .e,ù jefgkag fjhs' ks,Odßhd

ysu lr;a;fhys b|.kshs¦ ßheÿrd “c#” lshd fldll= fuka f., Èla fldg"

o<o~q ll=,a kjd" wúksYaÑ;j .uka

lrkakg fuka ierfihs'

.uk msg;a jQjd;a iu. u" “fldfya o

hflda hkafka@ hkqfjka w÷frka keÕ=Kq

lE .eiSula bfhdakdg wefihs'

“fldfyao hflda hkafka@ o-l=-K-g

WU olalkak okafk kE' ol=fKka

m,hka"˜ hs ks,Odßhd fldamfhka lE

.ihs' jdykhla ;=<ska ßhlrefjla

Tyqg Ydm lrhs' mdr yryd .uka l<

u.sfhla" ;udf.a Wrysi wYajhdf.a

kdifhys yemqfKka wYajhd fj; úhre

ne,aula fy,d lñi wf;ys jQ ysu

msioud .kshs' bfhdakd lä lEjdla fuka

wdikfhys ta fï w; weUfrhs' ;j o

Tyq wdikfhka fkd jeà isákakg ;e;a

lrkakdla fuka je,ñg fid,jhs' ;ud

tys l=ula ksid isákafka oehs f;areï

.ekSug fkdyels jQjl= fuka o wkaÿka

l=kaÿka ù yqiau ysr jQjl= fuka o Tyq

uqj whdf.k n,d isáhs'

“Wka Tlafldau keyeÈÉp ;laläæ” hs

ks,Odßhd úys¿ lrhs' —ug fmakafka

Wka l;dfj,d Wfò lr;af;a

yefmkjd" ke;akï wYajhd bÈßfha ìu

fmrf<kakg yokjd jf.hs'”bfhdakd ks,Odßhd foig yeÍ f;d,a

u;=rhs' Tyqg lsisjla lSug Wjukd nj

meyeÈ,s lreKls' tfy;a Tyqg msg l<

yels jQfha iqiqula mu‚'

“fudkjd@”hs ks,Odßhd wihs'

bfhdakd úß;a;ñka iskdiS" wudrefjka

r¿ y~lska l;d lrhs' “uf.a mq;d fï

iqudfka uereKd”“yaïæ fudkjd fj,d o uerefKa@”bfhdakd ks,Odßhd foig uq¿ukska u

yeÍ l:d lrhs'

“wfka ljqo okafka iuyre lshkafka

ikaksmd; WfKhs lsh,d ojia ;=kla

biamsß;df,a ysáhd''' tA;a uereKd' wfma

lrefu ;uhs'”“n,df.k m,hka hflda"” hs w÷frka

y~ kef.hs'“WU ueß, o fnd,"

kdlsfhda@ mdr n,df.k m,hka'”“huq huq”" hs ks,Odßhd lshhs' “fufyu

.sfhd;a wmg fygj;a hkak fjkafka

keye' álla blauka lrmka'”ßhlre kej;;a f., Èla fldg" fl<ska

ù b|.ksñka" fkdleue;af;ka fuka

li f,,jhs' Tyq lSmjrla u ks,Odßhd

foi yeÍ n,hs' tfy;a weia mshdf.k

isá ks,Odßhd ;=< l:djg weyqïlka

§ug leue;a;la fkd ;sìK' úfnda¾.

ays § ks,Odßhd ßfhka niajd" ;enEreu


wi, ßh kj;ajd" Tyq ;udf.a wdikfha

WKaä ù" kej;;a fkd fi,aù isáhs'

mehla''' folla''' .; fjhs' wämdr

Tiafia ;reKhka ;sfofkla rKavq

fjñka ysu im;a;= “l%Sia” hkqfjka

woaodf.k t;s' Tjqkaf.ka fofofkla

Wihs" ySkaoEßhs" wfkld ñáhs" l=ÿhs'

“tAhs" lr;af;a" fmd,sia md,ugæ” hs

f.dfrdaiq y~lska l=od lE .ihs'

“wms ;=kafokdg u .%sfjksla folla

fokakïæ” bfhdakd f;dakamg f.k ;¨

urhs' .%sfjksla fol .ukg fkdiEfya'

tfy;a rEn,hla jqj;a fldfmla myla

jqj;a Tyqg kï fjkila ke;' Tyqf.a

ßfhka lsisjl= hkag leu;s kï

±ka Tyqg fldal;a tlhs' ;reKfhda

yremnia lshñka" tlsfkldf.a wefÕa

yefmñka ysu lr;a;h fj; f.dia

;sfokd u tla jr wdikfha b|.kag

;e;a lr;s' wk;=rej" ljrl= b|.; hq;=

o" ljrl= keÕsg isáh hq;= oehs újdohla

mek k.S' Tjqka tlsfkld fndfyda

fõ,djla wvonr lr .ekSfuka yd nek

.ekSfuka miq wka;sfï § l=Þ ñá neúka

ke.sg isáh hq;= nj;a wfkla fofokd

b|.; hq;= nj;a ;SrKh fjhs'

“oeka b;ska blauka lrmka"” hs l=od

ßhlre wi, isg .ksñka Tyqf.a fn,a,

foig iqiqï fy<d" kyfhka fld÷rhs'

“kdls rd<" Wfò f;dmamsfha yeá uq`M

mSg¾ian¾.a kqjr u kE TÉpr ln,a

f;dmamshla fydhd .kak''æ

“bys'''bys'''bys'''˜hs bfhdakd úß;a;hs'

fufyu'''”“Wfò ‘fufyu’ l;dj kj;a;,d

blauka lrmka' WU .uk tfyumsáka u

hkafka fï úÈhg o@ wE ñksfyda @'''''WUg

fudl=;a ´kE fj,d o@”“uf.a T¿j mef,kag yokjdæ” ySkaoEß

;reKhkaf.ka tflla lshhs' “Bfha

? fvdkala fudfid*ama,hs f.or §"

jiald;a ud;a í/kaä fnda;,a y;rla u

ysia l<d'”“ug f;afrkafka kE WU fï ;rï

fudkjg ìkak .ykj o lsh,d'” hs

wfkla ySkaoEß tld ;rfyka lshhs'

“WU ;sßifkla jdf.a fndre lshkjd'”“foúhka m,a,d" uu lshkafka we;a;'”“tAl hi we;a;' bífnla mshEUqjd

jf.hs”“bys" bys"˜ hs bfhdakd úß;a;hs' “fufyu

fi,a,laldr uy;a;=re'”“Yma"lg jyf.k bkak neß o@” l=Þæ

flaka;sfhka wihs'

“lrÉpf,a" blaukg hkj o keoao@

Tfydu o ñksfyd olalkafk @ Th

lih álla mdúÉÑ lrmka' huka hflda"

huka" ´lg fyd| yeá §mka'”msámiska isá l=od weUfrk ieá;a"

l:d lrk úg lg fjõ,k ieá;a"

bfhdakdg oefkhs' Tyq ;ud fj; t,a,

lrk ,o wmydij,g weyqïlka fohs'

ñksiqka olshs' álska ál Tyqf.a yqol,d

.;sh my ù hhs' l=od fkdkj;ajd u l<

wj,doh kej;=fKa È. Ydmhla lrkag

f.dia th mg,jd .ekSfuka fydA lyskag

f.dia yqiau ysrùfuka fyda mu‚'

ySkaoEß ;reKhska fofokd lsishï

kfÊvd fmfg%dõkd kï ;re‚hl

.ek l:d lrkag fj;s' bfhdakd Tjqka

foi lSm úgla u yeÍ n,hs' Tyq Tjqka

fudfyd;lg ksy~ jk ;=re n,d isg"

kej;;a wdmiq yeÍ fldÿrhs'

“uf.a mq;d''' uf<a''' fï iqudfk'”“wms ljqre;a uefrkjd"” hs l=Þ

leiailska fmf<kag ù f;d<lg

msi oud" iqiqï fy<hs' “b;ska blauka


lrmkaæ uy;a;=reks" ug kï ;j;a fï

úÈhg bkak nE' fï ñksyd wms fldhs

fj,djl tlal hdú o@˜

“tfyu kï ñksyf. fn,a,g fmdâvla

l=;a;= lrkjdæ”“tAhs jOlhd" WUg weyqK o" Wfò

fn,a, lvkjd WUg ´kjg jeäh

i,lkak .sfhd;a wmsg mhska hkakhs

fjkafk”bfhdakd fj; t,a, lrk ,o fï

myrj,a Tyqf.a is;g jvd lhg ±fkhs'

“bys" bys"”hs Tyq iskdfihs' “uqkakeye,d

fi,a,laldr ;reK uy;a;=re

Wkakeye,dg fohshkaf.a msysghs'”“wE ñksfyd WU lido ne|, o@˜ hs

ySkaoEß tflla wihs'

“uu@ bys" bys" fi,a,laldr uy;a;=refka

ug oeka we;af;a uf.a .Eks;a f;;

fmd<j;a ú;rhs''' bys" bys"'' tA lshkafk

uf.a fydaïm<hs' uf.a mq;d uereKd'

uu ;du mK msáka''' tfyu mqÿu fohla

urejg mdr jeÿKd' ud <Õg tkjd

fjkqjg W! mq;d <Õg .shd'''”bfhdakd ;u mq;d uereK yeá lSug

msgqmig yereK kuq;a fï fj,dfõ § o

l=Þ iqiqula fy<d" “fohshkaf.a msysfgka"

hï;ï wms n,dfmdfrd;a;= ;ekg

wdfõ” hs okajhs' w÷f¾ w;=reoykaj hk

Tjqka foi bfhdakd n,d isáhs' kej;

jrla ksixi, Ndjh yqol,d jQ bfhdakd

.s, .kshs' fudfyd;lg hgm;a ù mej;s

Tyqf.a fYdalh kej;;a mek kÕS'

Tyqf.a yoj; oeä fõ.fhka myrjhs'

Tyq W;aiql uqyqKlska jyd jgmsg n,d

ùÈfha tyd fuyd hk ckhd w;r ;udg

weyqïlka §ug leu;s tl ;eke;a;l=

j;a isà oehs fidhhs' tfy;a ckhd

Tyq .ekj;a Tyqf.a ÿl .ekj;a lsisÿ

;elSula ke;sj blauka fldg h;s' tfia

jqj;a th wkka; wm%udK ÿlls' Tyqf.a

yoj; ì£" fYdalh .,d .sfhd;a" th

f,dalh mqrd me;sÍ hkakg ;rï jk nj

Tyqg oefkhs' tfy;a th lsisfjla fkd

oks;s' fkd jeo.;a l=vd ismams lgqjla

;=< ieÕù isákakg iu;a jQ neúka th

lsisjl=g oj,a ld,fha myka t<shlskqÿ

fkd fmfkhs'

bfhdakd yK frÈ j.hla fmdrjdf.k

isá f.j,a uqrlrejl= oel" Tyq iuÕ

l;d nyg ierfihs'

“hd¿jd oeka fj,dj lShg weoao@” hs Tyq

wihs'

“kuh myqfj,d WU fudlo kej;s,d

bkafk' m,hka hkak'”bfhdakd wä lSmhla bÈßhg f.dia"

WKaä ù" fYdalhg ;ud .s, .kakg

bv yßhs' ñksiqkaf.ka Wmldr

n,dfmdfrd;a;= ùfuka m,la ke;s nj

Tyq olshs' ñks;a;= myla .; ùug fmr

fl<ska jQ Tyq ysfia lelal=ula we;s

jQjdla fuka ysi Tijd .kshs' wk;=rej

Tyq f;dakamg .iajd wÈhs' Tyqg th

;j;a bjish fkdyels h' “bia;d,h”" hs

Tyq is;hs' l=vd wYajhd Tyqf.a is;=ú,a,

f;areï .;a;dla fuka fyñka bÈßhg

.uka lrhs'

meh tlyudrlg muK miq" bfhdakd

úYd," wmsßisÿ .sks Wÿkla wi, jeo

fydúhs' .sks Wÿk wi, ìu;a" nxl=

Wv;a ñksiaiq f.drjñka isá;s' tA

wjg >k" WKqiqï" wmsßisÿ jd;h ksid

yqiau .ekSu mjd wmyiqhs' bfhdakd

ksokakjqka foi n,d" weÕ lid .kshs'

fumuK fõ,dikska wdmiq fu;ekg

meñŒu .ek Tyq lK.dgq fjhs'

“ug ;du lv, ñ,j;a fydhd .kak

neß jqKd"” hs Tyq is;hs' “tAl ;uhs ug

fj,d ;sfhkafk' ñksfyl=g ;ukaf.


riaidj fyd|g lrkak mq¿jka kï

ksoyfia ksokag mq¿jks'”uq,a,l je;sÍ isá ;reK ßhlrefjla"

uola keÕsg ksÈuf;a ldrñka j;=r

mksÜgqj foig wefohs'

“WUg j;=r fndkak ́ kE o@” hs bfhdakd

´kElñka wihs'

“ke;akï”“yqï" fyd| iS;, j;=r fkao@ fï

u,a,S" WU okakjd o@ uf.a mq;d ueß,

oeka''' WUg weyqK o@ fï iqudfk'

biamsß;df,''' wd" tAl È. l;djla'”bfhdakd ;ud mejiQ jpkj,ska l=uk

m%;sM,hla we;s jQfha oehs oek .ekSug

;reKhd foi n,hs' tfy;a bka lsis u

m,la ke;s nj Tyq olshs' ;reKhd

uQK jid f.k" kej;;a ;o kskafoka

miqfjhs' uy,a,d iqiqï fy<d ysi

lihs' ;reKhd j;=r îu i|yd hï

n÷ msmdihlska fm¿fKa o" uy,a,d

l;d lsÍu i|yd tn÷ u msmdihlska

fmf<hs' Tyqf.a mq;d ueÍ iqudkhla

msfrkag;a hhs' tfy;a tA .ek lsisfjl=

iuÕ ksùyefka l:d lrkag Tyqg

wjia:djla fkd ,eìK' Tyqf.a mq;d

frda.S jQ yeá;a" Tyq ÿla úkao yeá;a"

Tyq uefrkag fmr lS foa;a" Tyq

uereK yeá;a úia;r iys;j ySkaief¾"

idjOdkj lsj hq;= h' N+uodkh ms<sn|

ish¨ úia;r;a" .sh .uk;a olajd ,sh

hq;= h' Tyqf.a wekSIshd kï ÿj‚h

.fï kej;=Kq yeá" wE .ek;a l:d

l< hq;= h' Tyqg lshkag fudl=;a u

keoao@ hs ksielfhka u ;udf.a l:dj

wid isákakd fYdalfhka uqj whdf.k

isákag;a" iqi ුï fy<kag;a" wkqlïmdj

m< lrkag;a fõú' .Ekqka iuÕ tA

.ek l:d lf<d;a jvd;a fyd|hs' Wka

fudavhka jqK;a jpk fol lshk úg

lÿ¿ fy,dú'

“.syska uf.a wYajhd n,kag ´kE"” hs

bfhdakd is;hs' “ksod .ekSug ́ kE ;rï

fj,d ;sfhkjd' tA .ek nhfjkak

fohla kE'”Tyq lndh ,df.k" wYajhd isák

bia;d,hg hhs' Tyq lv," msÿre yd

ld,.=Kh .ek is;hs' Tyq ;ks jQ úg

mq;d .ek is;Sug ;rï Yla;shla Tyq

;=< fkd fjhs' Tyq .ek ´kE u flkl=

iuÕ Tyqg l:d lrkag mq¿jks' tfy;a

Tyq .ek is;d Tyqf.a rEmh isf;ys

ujd .ekSu kï Tyqg oeßh fkd yels

fõokdjls'

“wE fnd," WU nv mqrjd .kakjd oe@” hs bfhdakd Tyqf.a wYajhdf.a §ma;su;a

fk;a hqj, foi n,d wihs' “lula kE"

nv mqrjd .kska' lv, .ekSug ;rï

uqo,la fydhd .kag neß jqK;a wmg

´kE ;rï msÿre ;sfhkj fkao@ yenEg"

uu ±ka lr;a; olalkak kdls jeähs'

uf.a mq;dg kï mq¿jka' ug nE" thd

kï lshdmq lr;a;ldrhd' wd thd Ôj;a

j ysáhd kï”bfhdakd fudfyd;la ksy~j isg

kej;;a lshhs'

“tfyu ;uhs" ́ jd fjkafk" fkao fnd,"

±ka b;ska l=Iaud bfhdaksÉ bjrhs' thd

wmg Ôj;a fjkag bvyer,d .shd' thd

kï ‘fvdla’ .d,d lïuq;= WKd' ys;mka'

Tkak WUg fmdä meáfhla ysáhd" tA

meáhdf.a wïud WUhs' W! ysá yeáfh

WUj ;ks lr,d WUj w;Er,d .shd' tAl

ÿlhs" fkdfjo fnd,@”l=vd wYajhd msÿre ymhs' weyqïlka fohs'

ydïmq;d foig yqiau fy<hs'''

bfhdakd ;=< we;af;a Wiq,d .; fkd

yels fYdalhls' Tyq l=vd wYajhdg uq¿

l;dj u lshhs'


,sÅ; wNHdi

1' je,mSu flá l;dj ms<sn|j flál;d ,laIK weiqfrka úuiSul fhfokak'

2' wjia:d yd isoaê ukdj ksrEmKh lsÍu je,mSu flál;dfõ id¾:l Ndjhg

fya;= úh' úuikak'

3' je,mSu flál;dfõ we;=<;a mßir j¾Kkd tu ks¾udKfha id¾:l;ajhg

bjy,a ù we;s wdldrh úuikak'

4' w¾: rih yd Ndjd;aul yeÕSï u;=jk mßÈ iÔù wdldrfhka fonia ks¾udKh

lr ;sîu je,mSu flá l;dfõ id¾:l Ndjhg fya;= ù we;' meyeÈ,s lrkak'

5' bfhdakd fYdal fõokd ord .ksñka Ôú;fha h:d¾:hg uqyqK fokakg fjr

ork pß;hls' je,mSu flál;dj weiqfrka újrKh lrkak'


ksi|eia ldjH iïm%odh m%p,s;

lrñka kQ;k isxy, moHfha .uka

uf.ys úma,ùh fjkila we;s l<

isrs .=kisxy uy;d uia f,a ke;s

weg" wìkslauk" r;= lel=, yd

wd,lukaodj hkqfjka ldjH ix.%y

y;rla rpkd lf<a h' fld<U hq.fha

uq,a mrmqf¾ lùka yd Tjqkaf.a ks¾udK

fudyq b;d Rcq f,i úfõpkh lrhs'

fjkia jk f,dalh ;=< udkj yd

iudc ;;a;aj ksrEmKh Wfoid kjH

ldjH wdlD;shl" NdIdjl" w,xldr

Ndú;hl yd mq¿,a jia;= úIhhl

wjYH;dj È.ska È.g u f.kyer

olajhs' ngysr lúfha wdNdih ,nñka

udkj Ôú;fha ksiaidr;ajh flfrys

wjOdkh olajñka lúh úma,ùh

fjkilg ,la lf<a h' lúfhys w¾:

rih jvd Wiia .Kfhys ,d ie,l+

fyf;u" Ndjuh ixlS¾K;d lúhg

wdfoaY lr .ksñka udkj Ôú;fha

yd iudc foayfha tf;la lùkag wei

fkd .eiqKq f;audjka kj udkhlska

lúhg ke.Sug fm<UqfKa h' Ôú;fha

fi!kao¾hd;aul mlaIh muKla

j¾Kkfhys ,d fhÿKqq mQ¾j hq.fha

lùka ks¾oh úfõpkhg ,la l<

fudyq lúh jkdys udkj yd iudc

Ôú;j, .eUqre m%ldYkhla njg

m;a lrñka th kQ;kh olajd m%fõY

lrùfï mqfrda.dó pß;hla njg m;a

úh'

lúhl= muKla fkdj"kjl;dlrejl="

Ñ;%l,d úpdrlhl=" Ñ;%mg

wOHlaIjrhl= o jQ .=kisxy kQ;k

isxy, ldjH iïm%odfha úma,ùh

pß;hla f,i ms<s.efka'

Woh

isß .=kisxy ^1925-2017&

15


fmrÈ. f.dryeç rl=fida"

uf.a OHdkh wehs lvkafka

ksod .kak fmdfrdjd.;a;

l¨ frÈ fmdg

fudlgo fï

;Srej,g brd oukafk'

l=re,a,kag .,a .y,d

Wka fydògu ìh lr,d

u,a fmdfydÜgq ;s.eiais,d

l÷¨ fy,kjd'

weia fol uu wßkafk kE

;=re¨ lrka Ndjkdj

kej;;a hkakg hkjd

uu

uf.a oeyek f,dalhgu

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' ‘Woh’ moH mka;sfhka bosrsm;a flfrk woyi úpdrd;aulj úuikak'

2' ks¾udKh iòyd lúhd Wmfhda.S lr f.k we;s ldfjHdala;s ms<sn| we.hSula

lrkak'

3' wmQ¾j;ajh ks¾udKd;aul idys;H lD;shl id¾:l;ajhg bjy,a jk wdldrh

‘Woh’ lúfm< weiqfrka úuikak'


jD;a;sfhka oka; ffjoHjrhl= jk

.=Kodi wurfialr lúhl= f,i

muKla fkdj flál;dlrejl="

kjl;dlrejl=" idys;H yd iudc

úpdrlhl= f,i o m%lg h' Ndj

.S;" Whkl ys| ,shQ lú" wdj¾ckd"

wu,aìfida" .=re¿j; yd wilaodlj

fudyq úiska rÑ; moH .%ka: w;r fõ'

idïm%odhsl lú u. úfõpkh lrñka

ìys jQ ksi|eia lúh o Bg mQ¾j hq.fha

lúh o oeä úfõpkhg n÷ka l< fudyq"

iïm%odh u; msysgñka mer‚ lúfhys

fkdu| wdNdih;a ck lúfhys ßoau

,laIK yd ks¾jHdc;ajh;a yDoh.%dyS

NdId yd w,xldr Ndú;h;a weiqßka

ixlS¾K iudc yd udkj O¾u;d

újrKh lrkq jia lúh fufyhúh

hq;= nj oeä fia ms<s.;a lúfhls'

lúfhys NdIdj" ßoauh yd wdlD;sh

iïm%odfhka Wlyd .;a idrfhka

fmdaIKh lsÍu fudyqf.a wkkH;dj

fõ' zmia u;a úß;Z kQ;k lúhg

m%fõY jkafka wurfialrf.a Ndú;h

Tiafia h'

wurfialr iajlSh ks¾udK ms<sn|

jqj o b;d kuHYS,S wdl,amhl miq

jqKq lúfhls' mD:q, Ôjk oDIaáhla

m%ldY l< yels udOHhla jk ksi|eia

lúh foaYSh rduqjla ;=< ia:dmkh

lrñka kQ;k moH ldjH lafIA;%hg

fudyq odhdo l< kj m%jK;d"

j¾;udk lùkag wNskj iïm%odhka

ms<sn| w;a yod ne,Sï isÿ lsÍug m%n,

odhl;ajhla iemhqfõ h'

jeiai

.=Kodi wurfialr ^1929&

16


ÑÑß Ñß ÑÑß Ñß Wfoa isg weo yef,k

fmdo fkd leã f;; nßj ysßlsf;ka ls,sfmd,k

mdr f;dg" .y fld, o" jidf.k yeu w;sk

jysk jeys jysk jeys fkd mdhk uq¿ oji

f.dfydre uv we`.s,s lre w;r Ñß Ñß .dk

uv lä;s yeu ;ek u uv mdg Èh /÷k

w¿;a mia oeuQ mdr oksy f;la uv tfrk

nekshu o weÕg we,s Wfoa isg f;; nßj

f;uqk frÈ weÕ we¨K ynqre fld, u,smsá o

fodar f.dia yeu ;ek u jlal,ka we,s yeÿk

yeÜg w;a l| l,j f;; froao weÕ t;=j

jysk jeys ;o yq<Õ fkd mdhk uq¿ oji

T¿j flia f;; nßj msg Èf.a jelaflfrk

ld¾ frdafoka Ñßia weÕ mqrd uv bfyk

wdhsu;a ysá .uka ;o lrka tk ie‚k

jysk jeys jysk jeys fkd mdhk uq¿ oji

f.or f.dia we|mq foa fudfyd;lska bjr fldg

;=jdfhka weÕ m; o msy oud ysi flia o

w¨;a irula we|ka WKg WKq f;a j;=r

wef|ys b| WKqyqug fndkafk fldhs fudfydf;oehs

jeys fmdfoys fmÕ=K is; ys; ys;d ,; fõ h

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' .=Kodi wurfialrhkaf.a zjeiaiZ mµ mka;sh ir, wkqN=;shla mdol lr .;a;

o .eUqre oDIaáhla újrKh lrkakls' fï ms<snò Tfí woyia úpdrd;aulj

olajkak'

2' .=Kodi wurfialrhkaf.a by; oelajqKq mµ mka;sh id¾:l mµ mka;shla

f,i w.h l< yels h' úuikak'

3' f;audjg WÑ; NdId Ndú;h fï lú fmf<a úfYaI;ajhls; ksoiqka iys;j

myokak'


m%;sNdmQ¾K lúhl= muKla fkdj .S;

rplhl=" kjl;dlrejl=" Ñ;% Ys,amshl=

yd Ñ;%mg wOHlaIjrhl= o jQ uy.u

fialr úiska rpkd lrk ,o ldjH

ix.%y w;r ilajd ,sys‚" fyg brla

mdhhs" ula ksid o h;a" rdc;s,l ,hk,a

yd m%shka;" fndaäu" fkdñfhñ" m%nqoaO

wd§ ldjH ks¾udK rpkd lr we;'

iïm%odh yd kùk;ajh iïnkaO

uOHia: wdl,amhl miq jQ fudyq"

fld<U lúfhys tkï i|eia lúfhys

yd ksi|eia lúfhys idOkSh yd

ksfYaOkSh ,laIK ukdj wjfndaO lr

.ksñka Ñrka;k ldjH iïm%odfhys

idrh;a ngysr ldjH iïm%odfhys

.eUqre Ñka;kh;a cklúfhys

ks¾jHdc" ir," iqLkuH Ndjh;a

iajlSh lúfhys fkdu|j Ndú;

lrñka kjH;u ldjH m%fõYhla

ms<sn| w;ayod ne,Sfuys ksr; úh'

zm%nqoaOZ fudyqf.a ldjH ks¾udK

w;=ßka w.%M,h f,i ie,flk w;r

j¾;udk ;;ajh olajd lúh m%fõY

lrùfï yerjqï ,laIHh f,i uy.u

fialr lúhd ye¢kaúh yels h'

uy.u fialr ^1929-1976&

mq;= bmÿKq fï forfKa17

mq;= bmÿKq fï fmdf<dfõ

Wreuh mq;=ghs

ta fmdf<dfõ To f;o .=K

mq;=yg msysghs


úydr uy uE‚jreka

bmÿKq fmdf<djhs

uoaÿu nKavdr mq;=ka

bmÿKq fmdf<djhs

rdisy uyfika foú÷ka

bmÿKq fmdf<djhs

ñka u;=jg ta fmdf<dfõ

Wreuh mq;=ghs

uy iE rka fld; uqÿfka

.k rka lsrKhs

isßud fnda uev fijfka

isys,e,a mjkhs

o<od ysñ /¢ úufka

nqÿ/ia oyrhs

yeuod yeu ÿla ÿr,d

mq;= is; ikihs

i;r w;ska uqyqo keÕS

mjqre iod,hs

fjr< È.ska uq;= u;=ù

hii Wod fjhs

fmdf<dj m,d ñ‚ rejkska

biqre .,d ths

fmdf<dj tjka mq;= Wrefuka

,enqj ksodkhs

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' zmq;= bmÿKq fï forfKaZ foaYdNsudkS ye`.Sï okjk ks¾udKhls' fï woyi

;yjqre lrkak'

2' lúhd Ndú; lr we;s ßoauh fï lú fmf<a id¾:l;ajhg bjy,a ù we;s

wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'


fudksld rejkam;srK hkq 70 oYlfha

lùka w;r jQ m%lg u lsú¢h hs' 1971 §

wms fokakd iy ;j;a lsysm fofkla

kï ldjH ix.%yh ksl=;a lrñka

ldjH lafIa;%hg m%úIag jQ fudksld

rejkam;srK ;ykï foaYhlska

^1972&" Tfí fhfy<sh weh .eyeksh

^1975&" wx.=,sud,f.a isysk ^1979&" úis

jil fYAI m;%h ^1992&" wika m;a;sks

foaj;dù ^1999&" ysfmdl%áia iy

frda.sksh ^2003& iy w¨;a u isyskh

^2003& hk ldjH .%ka: Tiafia iajlSh

ldjH m%;sNdj m%lg l<d h' flál;d

rÑldjl fuka u" idys;H úpdßldjl

o jQ weh ia;%sh fjkqfjka y`vla ke`.+

lsúòshls'

mj;akd iudc l%uh ;=< l,,

wjia:dfõ isg úhm;aj ñhefok ;=re

ia;%shlg w;a ú£ug isÿ jk wfkalúO

widOdrKlï ms<sn| y`v k.ñka

ia;%shf.a brKu m%Yak lsÍu Wfoid

weh iajlSh lúh fufyh jQjd h'

ldjH wka;¾.;fhys jk i¾jld,Sk

w.h" fmdÿ nj" Rcq iudc n,mEu

fya;=fjka wef.a lúh jvd;a m%n,

f,i iyDo yo ii, lrhs' .cuka

fkdakdf.ka miq ìys jQ m%Yia;u

lsú¢h fudksld rejkam;srK h hkak

fndfyda úpdrlhkaf.a u;hhs'

fudksld rejkam;srK ^1946-2004&

Èidm;s lduf¾ § h 18


tla hq.hl Ôjkfha ir;i ksjq ud iqñ;=r

ÿr ys¢kd Tn olskak wdfhñ È.= l,lg miq

nuk úÿ,s mxldfjka jd .en le<fUk y~ ñi

t i| Tfí uqjz. ke.=Kq ido f;mq,a kEfia ug

fïih u; ,sms f.dkq /i iq<fÕ fkdhd § rlsñka

ta u; ys¢kd ., fia ud wìhi ksy~h Tn

ì;a;sfh we;s fiahd rE tlsfkl tì tî n,hs

ke;sfhka Tfn j; yi/,s ufoi n,d iskd k.hs

ndf,a wms .ï fodr fl<s u~q¨ ueÈka wd .ufka

uyfoa we¢ Tfn is;=ju fldys ieÕú‚ oehs fkdoefka

tl hq.hl Ôjkfha ir;i ksjq ud iqñ;=r

Tn wi,ska neyerg hñ l=ug o Tnf.a wjir@

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' ‘Èidm;s ldurfha § h’ ks¾udKhg mdol ù we;s w;a±lSu meyeÈ,s lrkak'

2' Ñ;a; rEm uefjk NdIdjla fhdod .ksñka ;u woyi .uH lsÍug lsú`Èh oerE

W;aidyh ‘Èidm;s ldurfha § h’ mµ mka;sh weiqfrka úuikak'

3' “ ‘Èidm;s ldurfha §’ id¾:l mµ mka;shls'” úuikak'


uy.ufialrf.ka miq lúh yd .S;h

wrnhd mq¿,a ks¾udK odhl;ajhla

iemhQ 70" oYlfha ldjH ks¾udK

lafIa;%hg wj;S¾K j 80 oYlfha

§ biau;= jQ m%n, lúfhl= f,i

r;ak YS% úfÊisxy ie,lsh yels h' lúh

yqÿ ufkdaNdj ksrEmKfhka Tíng

.uka .;a" iuld,Sk iudc h:d¾:h

ksrEmKh lsÍfuys fuj,ula njg

m;alr.;a r;ak YS%" ,dxflah iudc

foayh mßK; oDIaáhlska ksrEmKh

lrk lúfhls' kj lúfhys oDYHuh

wjldYh mq¿,a lsÍu" kjH wdlD;s"

m%ia;+;hg WÑ; NdId Ndú;h yd

jvd mD:q, jQ wka;¾.;hla lúhg

y÷kajd§u r;ak YS% úfÊisxyf.a

lúfha úfYaI;d fjhs'

1979 § zìh fkdjka whshKaäZ kï

ldjH ix.%yh Tiafia ldjH lafIa;%hg

m%úIag jQ fudyq jiaidfka ^1985& iqn

WoEik ^1988& i,a .y hg ^1996& ;re

,l=K ^1997& uOHu hduh ^2005&

ikaOHd ;S¾:h ̂ 2010& yd kslsKs jeiai

^2012& hk ldjH ix.%y m%ldYhg m;a

fldg ;sfí'

80 oYlfha mqfrda.dó lúhl= jQ fudyq

isxy, ldjH lafIa;%hg fuka u isxy,

.S; lafIa;%hg jvd m%n, ks¾udK

odhl;ajhla iemhQ .S mo rplfhls'

mßfNdackjd§ wd¾Ólh wìuqj

wd;;sh yd ;r.ldß;ajh u; Èú

f.jk udkj Ôú;j, fN!;sl yd

wdOHd;añl h:d¾:h;a udkj fma%uh

m%uqL il,úO mqoa., in|;d;a Tyqf.a

;shqKq úuiqug ,la fjhs' m%pdrljd§

m%jK;d wka;¾.; l,dfjys ksu.ak

fkdjQj o iudc idOdrK;ajh ms<sn|

.eUqre yd mD:q, oDIaáhla fudyqf.a

ks¾udK fj;ska m%lg fjhs' iïNdjH

idys;Hh ;=<ska ,;a YslaIKh;a ck

idys;Hfhka Wlyd.;a yDoh.%dyS nj;a

tla;eka jQ ixhuYS,S m%n, lúhl=

f,i fudyq iyDohdg ióm fjhs'

r;ak YS% úfÊisxy ^1953&

19 u`.


uÕla kïmshjr u;skamshjr ;nd;ekQ uÕla u hsw;r uÕ <; fkdùuqj fÞr fidhd hk.Õla u hs

ish oyiaflda fõ yuqjkdux ikaê miqjkw;jkdoyila fokdtl mshjßkaoyila fhdÿka ÿrwrUkd

uÕlg fÞila fkdlshkake; Bg ksis ldrKd

wïn,ïúis;=re i,amsf,kajgrjqïmÈld u,a jefgkafijK¨ iok;=re,sh fm<skaieÈ fomi ukrï - fidankd

fudfyd;l bisUq,nkd úkdke; w;ru.k;rjk jdikd

uÕla kïtA uÕla u hsfkduÕla fkdfjhsuÕ kj;skd

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' ‘u`.’ lú fmf<ka biau;= flfrk Ôjk oDIaáh ms<sn| meyeÈ,s lrkak'

2' ldjHd,xldr Ndú;fha § lúhd olajd we;s olaI;dj ‘u`.’ mµ mka;sh

weiqfrka úuikak'


80 oYlfha ldjH lafIa;%hg msúi 90

oYlfha § m%lg lúhl= jQ kkaok

ùrisxy j¾;udkh olajd wLKavj

ldjHlrKfhys ksr; jkafkls'

.sx.fÕa ú,dmh ^1984& kï ldjH

ix.%yh m%ldYhg m;a lrñka ldjH

lafIa;%hg msúis fudyq lsßiqj|e;s

rd;s%hla ^1990& i;Hldu kï fjñ

^1994& .sr. ^1997& uy;a i| msks

ìf|l ^2009& iyia /ia hg ^2011&

hk iaj;ka;% ldjH lD;s fuka u Èis

wÈis ^2013& kñka weußld jld ldjH

mßj¾;khla o isÿ lr ;sfnhs'

OfkaYajr l%uh;a iu. iudc"

wd¾Ól" foaYmd,ksl yd ixialD;sl

m%mxphkays isÿ jQ fjkialï b;d

ishqqïj .%yKh lr .ksñka .eUqre

Ôjk oDIaáhlska hq;=j udkj yd iudc

Ôú; újrKfhys ksu.ak jk kkaok

ùrisxyf.a mµ ishqï foaYmd,ksl

oDIaáhlska hqla; ùu úfYaI;ajhls'

ixlaIsma;;dj lúhg wdfrdamKh

lrñka kjH ldjH wdlD;s ms<sn|

w;ayod ne,Sïys ksr; jk fudyq"

ngysr ixCIsma; lúfhka o wdNdih

,enQ lúhl= f,i y`ÿkd.; yels h'

kkaok ùrisxy - 1954

ldka;dr .ul Wm; 20


f.dfâ lkafo uQl,dk lïmd lrñkafka

rEiaifhls ? md`Mj ì|f.k weo jegqfKa

wv kskafo u mka meÿrg WKq l÷<la ye¨fKa

uQl,dk mia jeáhla ù ySfkka fmkqfKa

hi orejka f.k welfhka lemqj;a fkdief,kafka

ÿla lror fldaáhla u .s,f.k yskefykafka

ish;ska ur úm; lák ñksiqka olsñkafka

uyd mqreIhl= jdf.a lkao ke.S bkafka

msreKq f,dßh .ï fÞrlv mshux lr hkjd

mdr jqK;a ysßyerhla kE Tfy ksÈhkjd

mef,a jy, weo ye<s,d udihla u fjkjd

mrd, ;=klg whshd ysf¾ yqyqx ,kjd

fmdfrdj" lsh; l¨jf¾ u mK wdjd f,isfka

uf. weÕ Wv mÜg,a ne| lmkq brkq jekafka

fohshkaf.a u,a,s,dg foúfhd u /jfgkafka

ldka;dr .u udhsï ;j;a mq`M,a fjkafka

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' wd¾Ól jdis wfmalaIdfjka ñksiqka lrk l%shdldrlï ksid iajNdj O¾uhg

jk ydksh wmQ¾j;ajfhka bÈßm;a lsÍug kkaok ùrisxy lúhdf.a ‘ldka;dr

.ul Wm;’ mµ mka;sh iu;a ù we;' úuikak'

2' kkaok ùrisxy lúhdf.a m%;sNdj ‘ldka;dr .ul Wm;’ mµ mka;sh weiqfrka

úuikak'

3' ‘ldka;dr .ul Wm;’ ks¾udKfha § lúhd Ndú; lr we;s wdlD;sh yd NdId

ú,dih ms<snò we.hSula lrkak'


Documents

isxy, idys;H ridiajdoh - edupub.gov.lk