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Chemistry 1
ChemAir Q
AbstraUsing five istudents te
Logistic Time
Mater
Classr
Learnin
Prescrib
Prepara
11 – Air Quali
istry 11Quality
act nformation seach the rest o
cs e Required Class Time
Prep Time:
rials Informatio
Worksheet
Teacher An
oom RequiComputer w
g ObjectIdentify air
Develop anair pollutio
Understand
Identify pe
bed LearnG3 – gener
G4 – differe
ation Assemble n
ity & Health
1 y and
heets on air qof the class a
: Part A, 60 to
: 5 minutes
n Sheets: Ai
t: Air Quality
nswer Key: A
rements with Interne
tives r pollutants a
n awareness n.
d the Air Qu
rsonal actio
ning Outcrate names a
entiate the v
necessary m
Healt
quality and hebout their to
o 80 minutes;
r Quality and
y and Health
Air Quality an
et access, pro
and the heal
of asthma a
ality Health
ns that can b
comes B.and structur
various type
aterials
th
ealth, and solpic.
; Part B, 60 to
d Health (5 u
(one per stu
nd Health (o
ojector and
lth risks that
and allergies
Index and id
be taken to
C. Curricues for simple
es of bonding
lutions for re
o 80 minutes
unique shee
udent)
one per class
screen (opti
t result from
s and the con
dentify its be
improve air
ulum e organic co
g between c
ducing air po
ets) (one per
s)
ional)
m poor air qu
nnection bet
enefits.
quality.
ompounds
carbon atom
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ollution, group
r class)
uality.
tween these
ms
AQH1
ps of
e and
Chemistry 1
ClassrooStudents in
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
11 – Air Quali
om Implenvestigate top
Explain to thand on actioteach the reOrganize thePollutants, 2Index, 5. AirInformationAsk each grouse games, purpose is tShare all of will be less lProvide the
ity & Health
ementatipics of air qua
he class that tons people caest of the clase class into fiv2. Health Effer Pollution Son Sheet: Air Qoup to designskits, PowerPo teach. Encothe topic areikely to coverest of the cl
on – Partality and healt
they are to bean take to impss about theirve groups. Asects of Air Pollutions) and pQuality and Hn a method foPoint presentaourage them tas with the gr the topic arass period fo
t A th and prepar
ecome expertprove air quar topic area. ssign each grolution, 3. Asthprovide each ealth. or teaching thations, or othto come up wroups. If studeas of the othr the student
re group pres
ts on topics rlity. Part of th
oup one of thhma and Allegroup with a
he rest of the her means to with the best dents know wher groups. ts to prepare
sentations.
related to air heir role as ex
he five topic aergies, 4. Air Qa copy of their
class about tteach. Reminway to teach
what each gro
to teach.
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quality and hxperts will be
areas (1. Air Quality Healthr correspondi
their topic. Thnd students th the informatup is covering
AQH2
health e to
h ing
hey can hat the tion. g, they
Chemistry 1
Air pollutiohigh enougenvironmethe combuthe primarfrom natuvolcanoesair contamgases. Criteria Ai Nitrogen Oduring thewater vapozone. Sulphur D
a pollutanacid). Carbon MIt is also re Volatile Oand synthegasoline, apresence osuch as be Ground‐Leof sunlightgenerates temperatusmog.
11 – Air Quali
Air Q
on is the pregh concentrent or to humustion of fosry source of ral sources s. There are sminants, haza
ir Contamina
Oxides (NOX
e combustionour to form
ioxide (SO2)
t itself, but i
onoxide (COeleased by w
rganic Competic. They aras well as soof sunlight toenzene and f
evel Ozone (t. Ground‐leozone acceures are exp
ity & Health
uality a
esence of anations to beman health. sil fuels andmost pollutsuch as firesseveral classardous air po
ants
), consistingn of fossil fufine acidic d
) is generate
it also reacts
O) is generatwild fires and
pounds (VOCre released plvents and oo form grouformaldehyd
(O3) is formevel ozone is lerates at higected to inc
and HeaAir P
y substancee harmful to Human acti industrial pants. Polluta, wind‐blowses of air polollutants, an
g of nitrogenels. They aredroplets (e.g
ed by industr
s with water
ted by the cod volcanic er
Cs) are a groprimarily by other volatilend‐level ozode.
ed by a chemone of the mgher temperrease conce
alth InfoPollutan in the air inthe vities such a
processes areants also comn dust, andlutants: critend greenhou
oxide (NO) e pollutants . nitric acid)
rial processe
r vapour to f
ombustion oruptions.
oup of carbothe evaporae products sone. Some VO
mical reactiomain comporatures, therntrations of
ormationts n
as e me
eria use
and nitrogethemselves, and they re
es and the co
form fine aci
of fossil fuels
on‐containination of petruch as paintOCs are carc
on between Vonents of smrefore, climaf ground‐leve
on Shee
en dioxide (Ns, but they aleact with VO
ombustion o
idic droplets
s, primarily f
g compoundroleum prodts. VOCs reaccinogenic (ca
VOCs and NOmog. The reacate change ael ozone and
CH11
et 1
NO2), are prolso react witOCs to gener
of fossil fuels
s (e.g., sulph
from automo
ds, both natuucts, such act with NOX
ancer‐causin
Ox in the prection that and warmingd lead to mo
AQH3
oduced th rate
s. It is
uric
obiles.
ural s in the ng),
esence
g ore
Chemistry 1
Particulatehuman act1/5 the wiand smokehuman haNOX, SO2,
smog. Ammonia emitted frsecondary Hazardous Hazardouspersistent pollution. Greenhous Greenhounitrous oxthe greenhclimate chadverse im
What is Air pollutiopollutantsgases and haze. The and smokeepisode thdays. It apThe two mreaction bSummer safternoon
11 – Air Quali
e Matter (PMtivities. In mdth of a hume. Fine particir) may be ewater vapo
(NH3) is a coom livestocky PM.
s or Toxic Ai
s air pollutaorganic pol
se Gases
se gases (GHide (N2O). Thhouse effecthange on Earmpacts.
smog? on is a gene while smogparticles in term smog –e – originatehat killed thopears as a y
main ingredieetween NOX
mog formatand early ev
ity & Health
M) includes most cases, coman hair) arecles (PM2.5, lmitted direcur, VOCs and
olourless gask and fertiliz
ir Pollutants
nts, such as lutants (e.g.
HGs), includhese substant in the atmorth, which ha
ral term covg refers to a cthe air that – which is a ed in the Uniousands of pellowish haz
ents of smog
X and VOCs iion dependsvening. It is
both solids aoarse partice emitted diless than 2.5ctly or formed ammonia.
s with a punzer. It can re
s
metals (e.g., polychlorin
e substancences contribosphere, andas a multitud
vering all forcertain mixtoften appeacombinationited Kingdompeople in Lonze that sits o
g are groundn the presens on heat anmost obviou
and dropletsles (PM10, lerectly into t5 microns in ed through sParticulate
gent odour act with oth
. lead, mercunated biphen
s such as cabute to d to de of
ms of ure of ar as a n of fog m after the Gndon. Smog over cities, to
d‐level ozonence of sunligd sunlight sous in large ci
s from a varess than 10 mhe air — suca diameter,secondary chmatter is on
at higher coher substanc
ury, cadmiumnyls [PCBs],
rbon dioxide
Great Smog most often owns, and re
e (O3), whichght, and fineo smog geneties, but win
iety of naturmicrons in dich as dust, p, about 1/20hemical reacne of the ma
oncentrationes in the air
m, manganedioxins) are
e (CO2), met
of 1952, an occurs on hoegions.
h is formed be airborne paerally peaks nd patterns
CH11
ral sources aiameter, abopollen, diese0 the width octions involvain compone
ns. Most NH3
to form
ese) and varialso found i
thane (CH4),
air pollutionot, sunny, ca
by a chemicaarticles (PM2
in the late and topogra
AQH4
and out l soot, of a ving ents of
3 is
ious in air
and
n alm
al
2.5).
aphy
Chemistry 1
allow smopoint, smoBoth an urhave moresmog beca
road dust,winds or wcalm, sunn
There areone and a Good OzonStratospheis located has a coolprotects hultravioletrefer to horeferring tStratospheground‐lev Bad OzoneGround‐leground‐levand does n
11 – Air Quali
g to travel aog may be wrban and rure smog due tause it consi
road salt, awashed out ony days).
e two typesa bad one.
ne – Stratoseric ozone, t16 to 50 kming effect onumans and t (UV) radiatoles in the ozto the stratoeric ozone isvel ozone is
e – Ground‐lvel ozone is vel ozone). Gnot protect u
ity & Health
and be trappworse in the Fral phenometo higher temsts of differe
nd industriaof the local a
s of ozone,
spheric Ozonthe good ozo above the gn the earth aother life froion. When szone layer, tspheric ozons not a polluta pollutant.
level Ozone formed wheGround‐leveus from UV r
ped in areas tFraser Valleyenon, smog cmperatures.ent pollutan
l activities. Satmosphere
a good
ne one layer, ground. It and om cientists they are ne. tant;
en VOCs andl ozone is toradiation.
that may bey of British Ccan occur at. Winter smots such as PM
Smog will staby precipita
d NOX react ioxic to huma
e distant fromColumbia that any time ofog acts slighM2.5, which
ay in an areaation (which
in sunlight (oans. This air p
m the sourcean in the Citf the year. Stly differentis mainly du
a until it is d is why smo
or NOX + VOpollutant co
CH11
e. As a case y of Vancouummer tendtly than sumue to wood s
ispersed by g is worse o
OC + sunlightontributes to
AQH5
in ver. ds to mer smoke,
heavy n
t = o smog
Chemistry 1
Air pollutabiochemicof existinglead to incadmissionand lead cpollutantsThe respirAir pollutaairways anlong‐term chronic obportions othroat disa The cardioPollutantscardiovascbody, startreaction cacause struto degenethe formatformation Ozone an
All air poll(SO2), and particulatereactive anfunction, erelatively ssystem, imthe greate
11 – Air Quali
Air Q
ants cause a cal and physig respiratorycreased meds, and even can also lead, such as be
ratory systemants can irritnd lung tissulung damag
bstructive puof the lung. Tappear. Air p
ovascular syare either acular systemting a kind oan affect bloctural changrative necrotion of free of atherosc
nd Particu
utants, inclucarbon mone matter (PMnd can damaeven when tshort periodmpairing lungest damage,
ity & Health
uality aHeal
wide varietyiological cha conditions (dication use,premature dd to neurolognzene, are c
m ate your eyee that can rege, and aggraulmonary disThe damage pollution can
stem absorbed intm. Pollutants of chemical cood vessels ages in the caosis (cell dearadicals, whlerotic plaqu
late Matte
uding nitrogenoxide (CO),M) are of parage lung tisshe exposureds. PM can irg function. Fas they can
and Heath Effecy of adverseanges to diffi(asthma) as increased ddeath. Exposgical (brain) carcinogenic
es, nose, andeduce your lavate existinsease). On‐gcan remain n also reduce
o the bloodsthat are abschain reactioand ultimaterdiovascularth), inflammich are thouues).
er
en oxides (N affect our hrticular concsue and signie is to low corritate and inFine and ultrpenetrate d
alth Infots of Air health effeciculty breathwell as carddoctor or emsure to toxicdamage, pa.
d throat. Thelungs’ abilityng respiratoroing exposueven after se your resist
stream, or tsorbed into ton. Through ely the heartr system. Fomatory reactiught to contr
NOX), sulphurhealth, but ocern. Ozone ificantly redoncentrationnflame the rea‐fine particeep into the
ormatior Pollutiocts. These imhing, wheezidiac (heart) cmergency rooc airborne surticularly in
ey can also iy to collect ary conditionsure to pollutasymptoms sutance to resp
hey interactthe bloodstra variety of t. Pollutants or example, aions, and arrribute to nar
r dioxide ozone and is highly uce lung ns and for espiratory cles cause e lung,
on Sheeon mpacts rangeing, coughinconditions. Tom visits, moubstances suchildren. Sti
rritate and iand deliver os (e.g., asthmants can damuch as coughpiratory infe
t directly witream travel complex pathat interacair pollutantrhythmias. Trrowing of th
CH11
et 2
e from subtlg and aggraThese effectsore hospital uch as mercuill other air
nflame youroxygen, causma, bronchitmage deep hing or a sorections.
th the throughout athways, thisct directly cats can contriThey may leahe arteries (
AQH6
le vation s can
ury
r se tis,
re
the s an bute ad to by
Chemistry 1
carrying wparticularlHealth effeneed to be
Who doEveryone.pollutant ahealth statactive outdespecially healthy pepolluted. Oand decreexposure t
Children apollution b
The elderlparticularllung and cpopulationcan be exa
Athletes ofrom air poDuring exeof air deepfiltration sinfections,
11 – Air Quali
with them ally toxic. Therects result fre concerned
oes air po Individual ra person is etus, and gendoors, and tvulnerable. eople have dOzone and pased lung futo ground‐le
and youth upbecause:
Their respi
They tend t
They breatpolluted ai
They have
Their immuto respirato
y and thosey susceptiblcardiac functn is more likacerbated du
of all levels, ollution andercise, particp into their lsystem in the, because int
ity & Health
ergens and tre is no saferom long‐ter about ozon
ollution anreactions to exposed to, tnetics. Childrthose with pBut the realdifficulty breparticulate munction in evevel ozone o
p the age of
ratory and n
to spend mo
he more perr through th
smaller airw
une systemsory infection
e with pre‐exe to impactstion may be ely to have pue to air pol
including we smog becaucularly at higungs. They be nose. Athletense trainin
toxins. PM tlevel of exprm and shorne and PM le
nd smogair pollutantthe degree oren, the eldere‐existing mlity is that aiathing on da
matter causeveryone. Ther particulate
18 are very
neurological
ore time out
r unit of bodheir lungs.
ways and lun
are immatuns.
xisting medis from air popresent as apre‐existing lution.
eekend athleuse they spegh intensity, breathe in thetes may hang temporar
hat is generposure to airrt‐term expoevels even on
affect? ts depend onof exposure,erly, those wmedical condr pollution aays when th inflammatioere is no safee matter.
vulnerable t
systems are
tdoors being
dy weight th
gs.
ure, making t
ical conditioollution. Thisa normal parheart or lun
etes, are alsoend a lot of tathletes inhhrough theirve high metrily depresse
rated by the r pollution, posure, even an days when
n the type o the individu
who are physditions are affects all of e air is heavon and in lune amount of
to the effect
e still develo
g active, so t
an adults, m
them more
ons are also s is because rt of aging, ang conditions
o particularltime traininghale very deer mouths, bytabolic rates es the immu
combustionparticularly tat low levelsn no smog w
of ual's sically
us. Even vily ng tissue
ts of air
ping.
hey inhale m
meaning they
vulnerable
reduced and this s, which
ly at risk g outdoors. eply, drawinypassing the and are mone system.
CH11
n of fossil fueto ozone ands of pollutionwarning is in
more polluta
y filter more
ng large volubody’s natu
ore susceptib
AQH7
els is d PM. n. We effect.
ants.
e
umes ural ble to
Chemistry 1
Asthma
Asthma is in the chesperson to known, anPeople wittriggers. Wmeans thaThere are
People witcontact wisymptomsbodies to wThere are
Viral infectAnother n Cold, dry atend to brthe mouthburning cigStrong‐smozone, parsymptoms
11 – Air Quali
Air Q
a chronic inst, coughingperson, andnd currently th asthma ofWhen someoat the flow otwo types o
allergy trigmoulds, annon‐allergyexercise, copollutants,
th asthma ofith their alles (itchy, watewhich the botwo types o
ingested alinhaled allethe most co
tions such aon‐allergic t
air is believeeathe fasterh isn’t warmgarettes, secelling substarticulate mas.
ity & Health
uality aA
flammatory g and wheezid flare up frothere is no cften have troone has asthof air is obstrf asthma trig
ggers that cand pollen. y triggers thold air, chemand intense
ften also havrgic triggersery eyes, etcody becomef allergens:
lergens (sucergens (suchommon cau
s the commtrigger is exe
d to be the r and not as ed and humcond‐hand sances such atter and nitr
and HeaAsthma
disease of ting. Asthma om time to ticure. ouble breathma and theiructed as it pggers:
use inflamm
at can irritatmical fumes ae emotions.
ve allergies. s will have a c.) An allergyes sensitive.
ch as food, dh as pollen, dse of allergy
on cold are ercise, and th
main cause deeply, andidified as msmoke, or smas perfume crogen dioxid
alth Infoand Alle
the airway thcan vary in ime. The cau
hing when thr symptomspasses in and
mation of airw
te airways aand strong‐s
People withreaction in ty is an abnorThese are ca
rink, and medust, animal y problems in
one of the mhis results in
of exercise‐i through theuch as whenmoke from fican trigger ade are known
ormatioergies
hat causes sits severity, use of asthm
hey encounts are triggered out of the
ways – dust
lready inflamsmelling sub
h allergies antheir airwayrmal reactioalled allerge
edicines) andander, andn people wit
most common what is call
induced asthe mouth. Airn it travels thires is anothasthma. Air pn triggers of
on Shee
hortness of vary from
ma is not
ter their ed, it lungs.
mites, anim
med – viral ibstances, cer
nd asthma ws as well as tn by the bodens.
d d mold). Inhth asthma.
on non‐allergled exercise‐
hma. When r reaching thhrough the ner non‐allerpollution sucf non‐allergic
CH11
et 3
breath, tigh
mals, cockroa
nfections, smrtain air
who come inthe usual alldy to foreign
aled allerge
gic triggers. ‐induced ast
exercising, whe lungs thronose. Smokergic trigger. ch as groundc asthma
AQH8
tness
aches,
moke,
ergy n
ns are
thma.
we ough e from
d‐level
Chemistry 1
Asthma cacan be mamedicatio
11 – Air Quali
an affect anyanaged, and n, by followi
ity & Health
yone. Most pthe goal is ting an asthm
people with o be symptoma action pla
asthma can om‐free by aan, and by fo
live full, actavoiding asthollowing up
tive lives. Asthma triggersregularly wi
CH11
thma sympts, by taking th your doct
AQH9
toms
tor.
Chemistry 1
Allergie
Allergies aallergens –is triggeretissues, anharmful inknow a lotabout howbut not onSometimein problem The immubodies. Eareactions. mast cells.nose, sneesprays to a Asthma aninflammatcommon anose, whicthe airwaycause probpassage of Allergens spresent alpollen app With asthmare the smairways lehave allergneed to beallergic rhi
11 – Air Quali
es
are the body– such as pod by the bodnd organs thanfections witt about the iw the body lan healthy tisses the immunms such as al
ne system pch Ig has a dWhen polle. This resultsezing, and itcalleviate the
nd allergic rhtion of the nairway. The ach is at the sy into the lunblems with of air along th
such as animl year roundpear during c
ma, the breamall brancheads to increagic rhinitis ae treated. If initis will he
ity & Health
’s over‐reactllen, dust, ody’s immuneat work togeth bacteria, pmmune systaunches an asues. The imne system aclergies and a
produces fivedistinct and sn enters thes in inflammching. Peoplir allergic sy
hinitis (the cose) are relaair we breatstart of the angs. Allergic our breathinhis path.
mal dander ad whereas trecertain seaso
athlessness ad airways inased mucus nd asthma, allergic rhinlp both the u
tion to commr animal dane system thaether to defeparasites, antem, there isattack on inf
mmune systects inappropautoimmune
e types of anspecific job. e nose, it bination and lee often takeymptoms.
linical nameated conditiohe in passesairway, and crhinitis and
ng by obstruc
and house duee, grass, anons.
and wheezin the lungs. Inproduction,both the upitis is not treupper airwa
mon substannder. The ovat consists ofend the bodnd fungi. Alths still much tfected cells am is amazinpriately, and e diseases.
ntibodies or The antibod
nds IgE, whicads to allerge medication
for allergic ons linked bs through oucontinues doasthma cancting the fre
ust mites cand ragweed
ng is caused nflammation, airway obstper airway (eated, asthmy and lungs.
nces – calledver‐reaction f cells, dy against hough we to learn and tumors gly complex this results
immunoglobdy IgE is the ch triggers thgy symptomn such as ant
y a ur own n ee
n be
by a narrown of the memtruction, andnose) and luma symptom.
d
x.
bulins (Igs) tone involvehe release ofs such as a rti‐histamine
wing of the bmbranes of td coughing. ungs are affems can worse
CH11 A
to protect oud in allergic f histamine frunny or stufs or nasal st
bronchioles, these small For people wected, and soen. Treating
AQH10
ur
from ffy teroid
which
who o both
Chemistry 1
Canada is (AQHI) is aand adjustmeasures measured high risk. T
*People wabout exe
HealRis
Low
Mode
Hig
Very H
11 – Air Quali
Air Q
the first coua health protting their actare ozone (Oon a scale fThe AQHI va
with heart or rcising and m
lth k
w
rate
h
High a
ity & Health
Quality aA
untry to comtection tool tivity duringO3), fine partrom 1 to 10+lues are gro
breathing pmanaging yo
AQHI
1‐3
4‐6
7‐10
above 10
and HeaAir Qualitmbine air quathat helps p increased leticulate mat+, much likeuped into he
problems areour condition
At Risk P
Enjoy your activities.
Consider rereschedulinactivities ouare experiesymptoms.
Reduce or rstrenuous aoutdoors. Celderly shoueasy.
Avoid strenoutdoors. Celderly shououtdoor ph
alth Infoty Healthality with a hpeople by limevels of air ptter (PM2.5), the UV indeealth risk ca
e at greater rn.
H
Population*
usual outdoo
educing or ng strenuous utdoors if youncing
reschedule activities Children and uld take it
nuous activitiChildren and uld also avoidysical exertio
ormatioh Indexhealth index.miting short‐pollution. Thand nitrogeex, with 1 betegories:
risk. Follow
Health Mes
or Ideal air
u
No needoutdoorexperiencoughin
Considestrenuoexperiencoughin
ies
d on.
Reduce activitieexperiencoughin
on Sheet
. The Air Quaterm exposuhe three polln dioxide (Neing low risk
your doctor
ssages
General Pop
r quality for o
d to modify yr activities unnce symptomng or throat ir
er reducing orus activities once symptomng or throat ir
or reschedules outdoors, ence symptomng or throat ir
CH11 A
t 4
ality Health ure to air poutants the A
NO2). The AQk and 10 bein
r’s usual adv
pulation
outdoor activi
your usual nless you ms such as rritation.
r reschedulinoutdoors if yoms such as rritation.
e strenuous especially if yoms such as rritation.
AQH11
Index ollution AQHI QHI is ng
ice
ities.
g ou
ou
Chemistry 1
There are make the
11 – Air Quali
Air Q
a number ofair we breat
ity & Health
uality aA
f actions wethe cleaner.
Walk. createfossil feasierwww.to see
Bike/Reasy oemissibike, rracks onow obike. T
transp
Use pubbe a brenumbersingle bfew peodrive, th
and HeaAir Pollue can all take
When you te any harmfufuels. Living r to walk rathwalkscore.ce the location
Rollerblade/on the air. Asions. Many crollerblades on the frontoffering bike The bicycle i
portation an
blic transit oeath of freshr of individubus, subway ople to travehey reduce t
alth Infotion Sole to reduce e
travel using yul emissions close to wheher than drivom – to ratens within wa
Skateboard.s they do nocommunitieand skatebot so you can valet parkins the world’
d its most e
or carpool. Puh air. Public tal vehicles tor train can el together tthe amount
ormatioutionsemissions of
your own enfrom burninere you worve. Use the We your neighalking distan
. Like walkinot burn fossils are makingoard. Some ptravel by bikng to encours most wide
nergy efficie
ublic transpotransit and chat are on tcarry a lot oo work or scof pollution
on Shee
f air pollutan
nergy (from ng gasoline, rk or go to scWalk Score –bourhood once of your h
g, these mol fuels, they g it easier topublic transike and bus. Srage more pely used form
ent.
ortation andcarpooling rehe road burof people. Cachool. When emitted int
CH11 A
et 5
nts and there
food), you ddiesel or othchool makes– see on walkabilityhome.
odes of travehave no haro get aroundit buses haveSome eventeople to comm of
d carpoolingeduces the ning fossil fuarpooling alln fewer peopto the air.
AQH12
eby
don’t her s it
y and
el are rmful d by e bike s are me by
can
uels. A lows a ple
Chemistry 1
11 – Air Qualiity & Health
Use lehomescan usTurn dBathro
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