nomris Tema:

interkulturuli dialogi

istoriis swavlebaSi

#1 2011

i stori i s m a s w a vle b elTai stori i s m a s w a vle b elTa

s a q arT v elos a soc i ac i i s s a q arT v elos a soc i ac i i s

Jur n ali

i s t o r i k o s ii s t o r i k o s i

mis: Tbilisi, faliaSvilis 38. pirveli sarTuli.

telefoni/faqsi +995 32 913 910

www.imsa.geeleqtronuli fosta: info@imsa.ge

mTavari redaqtori

oliver raisneri

saredaqcio sabWo

giorgi abramiSvili

elene bodaveli

nino kiRuraZe

giorgi kldiaSvili

naira mamukelaSvili

elene meZmariaSvili

manana SeyilaZe

cira CikvaiZe

nana cixisTavi

ucxoeli avtorebis statiebi

inglisuridan Targmna Tamar lagvilavam

Jurnalis winamdebare nomeri dafinansebulia

evroklio/matra-saqarTvelos proeqtis mier

3

mogesalmebiT Zvirfaso mkiTxvelebo

Tqven xelT gaqvT istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos

asociaciis axali Jurnali „istorikosi“. Cven vimedovnebT,

rom axlo momavalSi am Jurnalis garSemo gaerTiandeba ara

marto yvela profesionali istorikosi – istoriis pedagogi,

mkvlevari, arqivebis, muzeumebisa da biblioTekebis TanamSrome-

li, aramed farTo sazogadoeba, romelic istoriiTaa dainte-

resebuli.

TqvenTan erTad vecdebiT, rom Jurnali „istorikosi“ gax-

des:

• Tqveni mimomxilvelimimomxilveli istoriis swavlisa da swavlebis,

qarTuli da saerTaSoriso istoriografiis ganviTarebisa

da kvlevis sferoSi;

• Tqveni forumiforumi istoriis swavlebaSi siaxleebis, miRwevebi-

sa da Tanamedrove xedvebis gaziarebisa da SefasebisaTvis;

• Tqveni xidixidi saqarTveloSi istoriis swavlebis CarTvisa-

Tvis saerTaSoriso aqtivobebSi;

• Tqveni TanamgzavriTanamgzavri istoriis pedagogTa momzadebis donis

amaRlebaSi, gamocdilebisa da aprobirebuli praqtikis ga-

ziarebaSi.

Cveni Jurnalis es oTxi mTavari amocana miznad isaxavs

saqarTveloSi istoriuli mecnierebis ganviTarebas, istoriis

swavlebis gaumjobesebasa da profesionalizmis amaRlebas.

Cven vfiqrobT, rom istorikosebi pasuxismgebelni arian is-

oliver raisneri

istoriis doqtori

mTavari redaqtorisagan

4

toriis ganviTarebaze. awmyoSi warsulze zrunva Zalian didi

zneobrivi valdebulebaa. Cven vTvliT, rom ar arsebobs arc

marTali, arc yalbi istoria, magram arsebobs gansxvavebuli

politikuri, kulturuli, religiuri an sxva Tvalsazrisis

mixedviT SemuSavebuli warsulis interpretacia. istoria iq-

mneba mxolod profesiuli wesebis mixedviT warmarTuli di-

alogiT an SeTanxmebiT. amitom axlo momavalSi Cven vgegmavT

belgieli istorikosis alan de baetsis (Alan de Baets) mier SemuSavebuli „istorikosebis eTikis kodeqsis“, rogorc Cve-

ni profesionalizmis zneobrivi safuZvlis, ganxilvasa da Se-

fasebas. es diskusia, kodeqsTan erTad, Jurnalis Semdeg nomer-

Si daibeWdeba.

Jurnalis am nomers ki Cven ufro konkretuli TematikiT

daviwyebT. radgan „istorikosis“ pirveli nomeri „evroklio-

sa“ da asociaciis erToblivi proeqtis ,,tolerantobis mSe-

nebloba saqarTveloSi istoriis swavlebis gziT“ fargleb-

Si gamodis, mis wamyvan Temas interkulturuli dialogiinterkulturuli dialogi war-

moadgens. jer ioke van der leu-roordi gagacnobT inkluzi-

uri istoriis swavlebis uaxles evropul midgomebs; Semdeg

nino kiRuraZe gaarkvevs, Tu ramdenad pasuxobs qarTuli sa-

xelmZRvaneloebi saerTaSoriso standartebs; robert maieri

Seafasebs interkulturulobis germanul gamocdilebas isto-

riis swavlebaSi; miiRebT informacias proeqtis ,,toleranto-

bis mSenebloba saqarTveloSi istoriis swavlebis gziT“bis mSenebloba saqarTveloSi istoriis swavlebis gziT“ Se-

saxeb; aqve gaecnobiT istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos

asociaciis siaxleebs.

Zalian didi madloba elene bodavels da nana cixisTavs am

pirveli nomris momzadebisaTvis! rogorc redaqtori, vTvli,

rom pirveli nomeri mravalferovani da saintereso gamovida.

momavali nomrebisTvis velodebiT Tqvens monawileobas, azr-

sa da kritikas.

istorikosi N1 2011

5

me-20 saukunis 90-ian wlebSi Cvens qveyanaSi didi cvli-

lebebisa da gardatexis xangrZlivi periodi daiwyo. axalma

viTarebam Tanadrouli moTxovnebi wauyena istoriis swavle-

bas, zogad saganmanaTleblo da umaRles saswavleblebSi. cvli-

lebebs daeqvemdebara rogorc meTodologia, aseve didaqtika.

adreul wlebSi, rogorc cnobilia, istoriis originaluri

saxelmZRvaneloebi qarTul enaze didi iSviaToba iyo. gam-

onaklisia ramdenime gamocema saqarTvelos istoriaSi. rac

Seexeba msoflio istoriis saxelmZRvaneloebs, isini rusu-

lidan iTargmneboda da ra Tqma unda, marqsistul-leninur

msoflmxedvelobas efuZneboda.

1992 wels iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelm-

wifo universitetSi Catarda msoflio istoriis speciali-

stebis Sexvedra, sadac istoriis ganviTarebis civilizaciuri

(evoluciuri) xazi airCies da masve dauqvemdebares axali

qronologiuri CarCoebi. am Tavyrilobis erT-erTi inicia-

tori iyo prof. kote anTaZe _ evropisa da amerikis qveynebis

axali da uaxlesi istoriis kaTedris gamge. Sesabamisad, es

gaxda safuZveli axali Taobis saxelmZRvaneloebis Seqmnisa

istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos

asociacia

asociacia da misi partniorebi

nana cixisTavi

kavkasiis saerTaSoriso

universitetis asocirebuli

profesori, statiebisa da

kvlevebis avtori evropisa

da amerikis qveynebis uaxles

da religiebis istoriaSi

6

da maleve daiwera: Zveli msoflios istoria _ me-6 kl. (k.

TvaliaSvili, c. CikvaiZe), Sua saukuneebis istoria (k. anTaZe,

l. fircxalava), axali istoria – or nawilad (n. mamukelaS-

vili), uaxlesi istoria _ pirveli nawili (g. bo loTaSvili),

uaxlesi istoria – meore nawili (n. kiRuraZe, e. meZmari-

aSvili), civilizaciis istoria (g. boloTaSvili), istoriis

mecnierebis Sesavali (m. kalandaZe, n. mamukelaSvili, l. fir-

cxalava). zemoTxsenebul kaTedras da avtorebs mWidro urT-

ierToba hqondaT ganaTlebis saministrosTan, maswavlebelTa

daxelovnebis institutTan, respublikis pedagogebTan, aseve

saerTaSoriso institutebTan da organizaciebTan. aRsaniSna-

via, rom saxelmZRvaneloTa avtorebi wlebis manZilze imaR-

lebdnen kvalifikacias, georg ekertis saxelobis braunSvaigis

saxelmZRvaneloTa institutSi (germania); aseve, saqmiani urT-

ierToba hqondaT evrosabWosa da evrokliosTan. periodulad

am organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi saqarTveloSi Camodiodnen

da atarebdnen Sexvedrebs istoriis saswavlo kursebis nara-

tivisa da meTodebis gaumjobesebis mizniT. msjelobdnen im

problematur sakiTxebze, gansakuTrebiT sabWoTa periodis is-

toriidan, romelic ,, TeTr laqebad“ iyo cnobili qarTul is-

toriografiaSi. swored yovelive aman da istoriis maswavle-

blebTan mudmivi kontaqtis survilma ganapiroba is, rom 1997

wlis ivnisSi dafuZnda istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos

asociacia (prezidenti _ prof. naira mamukelaSvili, vice-

prezidenti, prof. cira CikvaiZe). asociacia Tavidan aerTianeb-

da Tbilisis 50-mde istoriis pedagogsa da universitetebis

profesorebs. yovelwliurad asociaciis mesveurebi xvdebod-

nen pedagogebs da atarebdnen treningebs saxelmZRvaneloebis

ganviTarebis mizniT, ganixilavdnen siaxleebs istoriis swav-

lebaSi, msjelobdnen axal meTodebsa da midgomebze.

1998 wels istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asocia-

cia evroklios sruluflebiani wevri gaxda. mas aqeT, yovel-

wliurad asociaciis wevrebs saSualeba eZleodaT monawil-

eoba mieRoT evroklios mier organizebul saerTaSoriso

istorikosi N1 2011

7

konferenciebsa da seminarebSi. es iyo im droisaTvis evropuli

siaxleebis gacnobis saukeTeso saSualeba. istoriis maswav-

lebelTa saqarTvelos asociacia arasamTavrobo profesiuli

organizaciaa, romlis ZiriTadi mizani istoriis swavlebis,

rogorc disciplinis, ganviTarebaze zrunva da istoriis peda-

gogebis profesiuli zrdis xelSewyobaa. me-20 saukunis 90-

iani wlebis Semdeg istoriis swavlebaSi bevri ram Seicvala,

magaliTad saxelmwifo standarti, midgomebi saxelmZRvanelo-

sa da swavlebis mimarT da sxva. miuxedevad imisa rom dRes-

dReobiT reforma ganuxrelad viTardeba, jer kidev ar arse-

bobs CvenSi istoriis swavlebis didaqtikis saxelmZRvanelo.

es garemoeba udaod arTulebs istoriis swavlebis Sedegiano-

bas, rogorc maswavleblis momzadebis TvalsazrisiT umaR-

les saswavleblebSi, ise istoriis pedagogTa kvalifikaciis

amaRlebis mimarTulebiT. marTalia, ganaTlebis saministros

istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociaciis damfuZneblebi: (marcx-

nidan marjvniv) naira mamukelaSvili, nana cixisTavi, manana SeyilaZe, cira

CikvaiZe da elene meZmariaSvili

8

mxardaWeriT gamodis Jurnali ,,maswavlebeli“, igi istoriis

swavlebis problemebs naklebad exmianeba. gamomdinare aqedan,

Cven momavalSi unda vizrunoT ,,didaqtikisa“ da ,,rekomen-

daciebis“ Seqmnaze istoriis swavlebaSi. aseve, axalgazrda

kadrebis Cabmaze Cvens asociaciaSi _ TaobaTa cvlis mizniT.

Cveni organizaciis evrokliosTan urTierTobis me-10 wels

moxerxda erToblivi proeqtis dawyeba, romelic 2008 wlis

ivnisidan amoqmedda da didi samsaxuri gauwia asociaciis

gafarToebasa da ganviTarebas. swored amis Sedegia is, rom

asociacias dReisaTvis saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela kuTxeSi

filialebi gaaCnia. gaixsna da amoqmedda istoriis saswavlo

kabinetebi sajaro skolebsa Tu universitetebSi. rac mTa-

varia, asociaciis wevrebi aqtiurad monawileoben proeqtis

asociaciis gamgeobis sxdoma

istorikosi N1 2011

9

mravalferovan RonisZiebebSi: eswrebian evropeli eqspertebis

seminarebs da ecnobian samodelo gakveTilebs rogorc aq, saqa-

rTveloSi, aseve evropis qveynebSi.

2010 wlis 5 ivliss Catarda asociaciis generaluri asam-

blea, sadac Sejamda wina wlebSi gaweuli muSaoba. asociaciis

wevrebis winaSe angariSiT gamovidnen regionuli organizaciis

xelmZRvanelebi. Catarda asociaciis axali prezidentis, vice-

prezidentis, sarevizio komisiisa da gamgeobis arCevnebi. gadax-

alisda wesdeba. ganisazRvra asociaciis samomavlo amocanebi.

prioritetad dasaxelda istoriis maswavlebelTa profesiu-

li zrdis xelSewyoba, meToduri literaturis momzadeba da

gamocema, skolisa da muzeumis urTierToba, regionuli orga-

nizaciebis CarTva adgilobriv da saerTaSoriso proeqtebSi,

moswavleTa da maswavlebelTa konkursebisa da konferenciebis

Catareba.

asociaciis generaluri asamblea, Tbilisi, 2010 wlis 5 ivlisi

10

evroklios istoria

Sesavali

,,evroklio“ – istoriis pedagogTa evropuli asociacia

_ daarsda 1993 wels rogorc saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo

organizacia, raTa daecva da gaeZlierebina istoriis swavleba,

romelic arsebiT sferos warmoadgens axalgazrda Taobis ga-

naTlebis saqmeSi. asociacia Tvlis, rom swored istoriaa

yvelaze mniSvnelovani saskolo sagani mozardis politikuri

da samoqalaqo aRzrdisaTvis. istoria yovelTvis warmoadgen-

da propagandisa da politikuri STagonebis gziT negatiuri

zemoqmedebis saSualebas. arc erTi saskolo sagani ar iwvevs

imxela emociur kamaTs sazogadoebaSi, politikasa da mediaSi,

rogorc istoria. uaxloes warsulSic mravlad arsebobda

politikuri miznebisaTvis istoriis borotad gamoyenebis

magaliTebi. evroklio gvamcnobs, rom istoriuli warsulis

fokusi ar Cerdeba mxolod erovnul sazRvrebze; istoriis

swavlebas umniSvnelovanesi gavlena aqvs imaze, Tu rogor

aRiqvams xalxi garemomcvel samyaros. evroklio mowodebulia,

Seamciros daZabuloba qveynebs Soris, qveynis SigniT arsebuli

jgufebis daaxlovebis gziT. saamisod igi iyenebs zogjer

mtkivneuli warsulis gamokvlevas usafrTxo garemoSi pro-

fesiulad da yuradRebiT warmarTuli procesis farglebSi.

imisaTvis, raTa miRweul iqnas es miznebi, saskolo istoria

ioke van der leu-roordi

evroklios damfuZnebeli,

misi pirveli prezidenti,

amJamad aRmasrulebeli direqtori

istorikosi N1 2011

11

saWiroebs pasuxismgeblobiT aRsavse da yovelmxriv ganviTa-

rebul profesionalebs.

evropuli qveynebis umravlesobaSi, da ara mxolod iq, isto-

riis kurikulumebi da saxelmZRvaneloebi nacionaluri ori-

entaciisani arian. evroklios damatebiT Rirsebas warmoadgens

is, rom 1993 wlidan Tavs uyris istoriis, istoriuli

memkvidreobisa da moqalaqeobis aTasobiT ganmanaTlebels ev-

ropidan da sxva qveynebidan, raTa sazRvrebs gareSe moxdes

warsulis ganxilva da istoriis swavlebis CarTulobisa da

midgomebis gamocda. ideaTa da SexedulebaTa amgvari gacvla-

gamocvla arsebiTia evropisadmi pirovnuli kuTvnilebis Seg-

rZnebis gansaviTareblad. amas unda daeyrdnos 21-e saukunis

evropuli moqalaqeoba.

daarsebis dRidan moyolebuli, evrokliom organizeba gau-

wia evropaSi da mis farglebs gareT kompetenciebis zrdis-

admi mimarTul asobiT RonisZiebas. profesionalTa gundebma

SeimuSaves da danerges inovaciuri, gamoyenebisTvis mza saswav-

12

lo masalebi da saxelmZRvaneloebi. ufro metic, evroklios

egidiT evropasa da mis farglebs gareT maswavlebelTa datre-

ningebisa da konsultaciebis saqmeSi aqtiuroben rigi eq-

s p ertebi. asociaciam gansakuTrebuli gamocdileba daagrova

politikurad arastabilur regionebSi istoriis swavlebis

kuTxiT.

evroklioSi yvela samuSao tardeba sagnisadmi sayovelTa-

od aRiarebuli saerTaSoriso orientirebiTa da midgomebiT.

am procesSi asociaciam win wamoswia inovaciuri transna-

cionaluri saswavlo resurebis da saSualebebis warmoeba.

mTavari aqcenti gadatanilia inglisur enaze, rogorc saer-

TaSoriso komunikaciis saSualebaze. Tumca, ugulebelyofili

ar aris sxva enebis mniSvneloba saerTaSoriso komunikaciis

CarCoebSi.

saerTaSoriso standartebis danergvisa da ganviTarebis

gziT, akademiuri Sedegebisa da istoriis saganSi politikis

gavlenis ganxilviT, evroklio wevr asociaciebsa da individ-

ualur wevrebs internacionalizmis kars uRebs. asociaciaTa

asociacia funqcionirebs, rogorc istoriis, istoriuli mem-

kvidreobisa da samoqalaqo ganaTlebis winsvlis centri.

asociaciis miznebis misaRwevad, evroklio da misi wevrebi

monawileobas iReben istoriis, istoriuli memkvidreobis, mo-

qalaqeobis Seswavlisa da swavlebis Sesaxeb gamarTul saer-

TaSoriso msjelobebSi sxvadasxva gziT: iqneba es saRamoebze

da Sexvedrebze daswreba, interviuebi, werilebi Tu statiebi

erovnul da saerTaSoriso mediaSi. evroklio cdilobs, gaaf-

arTovos poziciebi da gaxdes saerTaSoriso doneze cnobili

qseli da moTamaSe, istoriuli memkvidreobis da samoqalaqo

ganaTlebis saqmeSi, evropaSi da mis gareT.

evroklios wevri organizaciebis ricxvi 2010 wels Sead-

genda istoriis pedagogebis 79 damoukidebel asociacias da

aseve institutebs uamravi qveynidan. am qselis SigniT is ev-

ro paSi da mis gareT moicavs 40 000–ze met istoriis peda-

go gs.

istorikosi N1 2011

13

misia

• evroklios survilia, evropaSi danergos pasuxismge-

blobaze dafuZnebuli da inovaciuri saistorio da samoqalaqo

ganaTleba; saamisod xeli unda Seewyos saerTo Rirebulebebs,

kritikul cnobierebas, ormxriv pativiscemas, mSvidobas, stabi-

lurobas, demokratias.

• mravalferovnebis, adamianTa uflebebis, kulturaTa-

Sorisi dialogis da dainteresebul mxareTa Soris Tanam-

Sromlobis xelSewyobiT, evroklio miznad isaxavs Tavidan

aicilos istoriul-memkvidreobiTi da samoqalaqo ganaTlebis

borotad gamoyeneba.

• evroklios mizania istoriisa da samoqalaqo gana-

Tlebis gaZliereba teqstualuri Semadgenlobis, meTodolo-

giisa da pedagogikis inovaciebiT, pedagogTa profesionalizmis

zrdiT.

• asociacia mxars uWers kuTvnilebis evropul grZnobas,

amasTanave, ar ugulebelyofs globalur, erovnul da region-

alur perspeqtivebs.

evroklios profesiuli samdivno internacionaluri da axalgazrdulia

14

• asociacia axdens jansaRi akademiuri istoriuli cod-

nis, saganmanaTleblo Teoriis da meTodologiuri msjelobebis

gadacemis stimulirebas iseT doneebamde, rogoricaa saskolo

da satreiningo institutebi, istoriisa da moqalaqeobis ku-

ri kulumebi da saxemlZRvaneloebi. am miznebis misaRwevad ev-

roklio iyenebs codnisa da gamocdilebis gadacemas swori

swavl ebis, gamocdilebis gacvlis da eqspertTa sistemebis

meS ve obiT.

asociaciis saqmianoba efuZneba sam ZiriTad sferos:

• SesaZleblobebis zrda da codnis gacvla, gulisxmobs

treiningebs inovaciuri saganmanaTleblo masalebis ganviTa-

rebisa da danergvis procesSi, istoriisa da moqalaqeobis

swavlebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gamokvlevas.

• gamocdilebisa da informaciis qselis gafarToeba,

gazi areba da gavrceleba, gulisxmobs saerTaSoriso profe-

siuli da partnioruli qselis gaZlierebasa da gafarToebas,

qselis SenarCunebas da mxardaWeras, istoriis swavlisa da

swavlebis Sesaxeb bukletebisa Tu publikaciebis gamocema –

gavrcelebas.

• erTiani da sicocxlisunariani profesiuli samoqa-

laqo sazogadoebis mxardaWera – evropasa da mis gareT isto-

riis maswavlebelTa damoukidebeli asociaciebis stimulireba,

daf uZneba da gaZliereba.

organizaciis struqtura

evroklios mTavari ofisi haagaSi

mdebareobs, asociacia niderlandebis

iurisdiqciis qveS funqcionirebs. is

Sedgeba xuTi ganyofil ebisagan:

• yovelwliuri generaluri asamb-

lea

• saerTaSoriso sabWo

istorikosi N1 2011

15

• saaudito komiteti

• sapatio sabWo

• profesiuli samdivno

yovelwliuri gene r a lu ri

asa mb lea pasuxis mgebe lia gada w-

yv e tilebebi s miRebaze, masSi ga-

e r Ti anebulia 66 sruluflebi-

ani wevri, ist o riis, istoriuli

mem kvi dreobisa da samoqalaqos

ganmanaTlebelTa da mo uki debeli

aso ci aciebi. amJami ndeli saerT-

aSo riso sabWo moicavs wev rebs

saberZneTidan, dani idan, germani-

idan, niderlande bidan, Tu r qe Tidan da ukrainidan. is xelmZR-

vanelobs asociacias da saaudito komisias, romelSic Sesulia

wevrebi ruseTidan, SvedeTidan da norvegiidan. mas exeba aso-

ciaciis finansuri marTva da politika. sapatio sabWo Sedgeba

sayovelTaod cnobili istorikosebisa da politikosebisagan

Semdegi qveynebidan: estoneTi, germania, saberZneTi, islandia,

latvia, niderlandebi, portugalia, slovenia da gaerTianebuli

samefo, romlebsac gaaCniaT gansakuTrebuli interesi isto-

riisa da saistorio ganaTlebis rolis mimarT sazogadoe-

baSi. evroklios samdivno saerTaSoriso Semadgenlobisaa da

asociacias ganagebs yoveldRiuri saqmianobiT. samdivno Sua-

maval rgols warmoadgens, daxmarebas uwevs wevr asociaciebs

saqmianobaSi da TanamSromlobs wevrebTan Tu partniorebTan

asociaciis proeqtebis ganxorcielebis saqmeSi.

dReisaTvis evropuli qveynebis umetesoba CarTulia sa-

ganmanaTleblo inovaciis procesebSi. ukanaskneli 15 wlis

ganmavlobaSi evrokliom aqtiuri roli iTamaSa saistorio

ganaTlebaSi reformebis danergvis mxriv trans – naciona-

lur doneze. imis nacvlad, rom axalgazrda Taobas daxmareba

gaewios garemomcveli samyaros gacnobierebis saqmeSi, dRemde

kvlav aqvs adgili istoriuli, samemkvidreo da samoqalaqo ga-

16

istorikosi N1 2011

2007 – bledi, slovakeTi

2009 – niqozia, kviprosi

2010 – naimexeni,

niderlandebi

2008 – bristoli, inglisi

17

2010 wlis proeqtebi

evropis sxvadasxva qveynebSi

18

naTlebis borotad gamoyenebas erovnuli politikuri miznebis

misaRwevad. evroklios mizans warmoadgens istoriuli gana-

Tlebis jansaRi gamoyenebis gziT demokratiuli sazogadoe-

bebis mSenebloba Tu gaZliereba, qveynebis sazRvrebs miRma

gansxvavebuli eTnikuri Tu religiuri warmomavlobis profe-

sionalebis da studentebis dakavSireba.

analizis, interpretirebis, Sefasebisa da kritikuli az-

rovnebis unarebis ganviTareba fundamentaluri mniSvnelo-

bisaa rogorc istorikosebis, aseve, moqalaqeebisaTvis. isto-

riis pasuxismgeblobaze da inovaciebze dafuZnebuli swavleba

saWiroebs integrirebul midgomas da axal gzebs iTxovs is-

toriuli codnisaken. axali saskolo istoriuli narativis

Semadgeneli nawilebi unda gaxdes cnebebi, rogoricaa, migra-

cia, genderi, ormxrivi CarTuloba, adamianTa uflebebi, mra-

valferovneba da garemo. evroklios sjera, rom istoriulma

ganaTlebam gansakuTrebuli roli unda iTamaSos social-

uri erTobisa da CarTvis procesSi kulturaTaSorisi, Tao-

baTaSorisi da religiaTaSorisi dialogis gziT. evroklio

gaagrZelebs profesionalTa datreningebas inkluziuri sas-

wavlo saSualebebis, eTnikuri, enobrivi, religiuri, genderuli

da socialuri mravalferovnebis pativiscemiT gamsWvaluli

resurebis SemuSavebisa da danergvis saqmeSi. yovelive sarge-

blobas moutans mzardi mravalferovnebis mqone evropuli

sazogadoebebis saWiroebebs.

bevri evropuli qveynis istoriis kurikulumebsa da sax-

elmZRvaneloebSi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs erovnuli

identoba da memkvidreoba. didi xania evrokliom saistorio

da samoqalaqo ganaTlebis mniSvnelovan komponentad miiCnia

xalxTaSorisi da sazRvrebs miRma memkvidreobiTi ganaTleba.

2009 wels asociaciam moawyo samemkvidreo institutebis

uzar mazari konsorciumi da proeqti istoriana (igulis xmeba

internetSi ganTavsebuli evropis qveynebis isto ria) gaxda

gza evropuli istoriisa da memkvi dre o bisaken.

miuxedavad evropaSi mimdinare saganmanaTleblo reformebi-

istorikosi N1 2011

19

sa, inovaciuri swavlebis meTodebis

danergva jer kidev dawyebiT sta-

diaSia. 20 wlis ganmavlobaSi gamo-

qveynda uamravi rekomendacia, Tu ra

da rogor unda ganaxldes da gaum-

jobesdes, magram mcirea praqtikuli

gadawyveta da xerxebi. evroklio

srulad uWers mxars sakuTar wevrebs, raTa isini saTanadod

moergon maswavlebelTa axali kvalificirebis moT xo vnebs. igi

motivacias umaRlebs pedagogebs, rom maT Seiswavlon ucxo

enebi. rac maT saSualebas aZlevs gazardon sazRvrebs miRma

komunikacia da gamoc di leba gauziaron sxvebs.

bevr evropul qveyanaSi maswavleblis kariera Zalian da-

balprioritetulia. zogierT qveyanaSi maswavleblis saSualo

asaki 50 wels aRemateba. savaraudo mizezia aseve maswavleb-

lis profesiisadmi pativiscemis nakleboba. evroklio miiCnevs,

rom unda aRdges maswavleblis profesiisadmi pativiscema. es

unda moxdes sxvadasxva saganmanaTleblo procesis monawile

mxareebis Tanasworobis aRiarebiT, ormxrivi pativiscemiT da

TiToeuli monawilis gansakuTrebuli rolis cnobiT.

ukanasknel wlebSi evroklios saqmianoba gascda evropis

farglebs. asociacia gamocdilebis gasaziareblad miiwvies

araevropul qveynebSi. amgvarad, asociaciam daamyara kavSirebi

kavkasiaSi, Sua aRmosavleTSi, aSS-Si, CrdiloeT afrikaSi, Crdi-

lo-aRmosavleT aziaSi. momdevno aTwleulebSi evroklio Se-

ecdeba ganimtkicos pozicia globaluri gamowvevebis gadaw-

yvetis saqmeSi.

20

proeqti _ ,,tolerantobis mSenebloba

saqarTveloSi istoriis

swavlebis gziT“

yvela epoqaSi, gansakuTrebiT, Tanamedrove periodSi Zalze

aqtualuri, cxovrebiseulad mniSvnelovani iyo da aris sazo-

gadoebis tolerantobis xarisxi. igi uciloblad aisaxeba

xolme sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebis yvela sferoze. am kon-

teqstSi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs istoriis swavlebis

ganviTarebas. ama Tu im qveynis istoria WeSmaritad im xalxe-

bis istoriaa, romlebic qmnian sazogadoebas am saxelmwifoeb-

Si. amitom istoriis gakveTilebi warsulisa da Tanamedrove-

obis Sesaxeb msjelobis sagani unda gaxdes. gasaTvaliswinebe-

lia is faqtebi, movlenebi, pirobebi, romlebSic uwevT cxovre-

ba moqalaqeebs. gaviTvaliswinoT aseve urTierTobebi adamianTa

jgufebs Soris, maTi interesebi, erebisa da erovnebebis kul-

turebi, maTi urTierTmimarTebani da urTierTzegavlena. dro-

Ta ganmavlobaSi am kuTxiT SeZenili gamocdileba da erTma-

neTis tradiciebis codna erTad cxovrebis pirobebs qmnis. es

procesebi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi iyo moqmedebaSi da dRe-

sac mimdinareobs. yovelive aqedan gamomdinare, dRis wesrigSi

dgeba saerTo istoriuli narativebis SemuSaveba.

es aris pirveli proeqti Cveni asociaciis arsebobis

istoriaSi da metad mniSvnelovania, rom igi saerTaSorisoa

da pirveli erToblivi mcdelobaa evrokliosTan erTad. es

istorikosi N1 2011

nana cixisTavi

istoriis doqtori,

proeqtis koordinatori

saqarTvelos mxridan

21

CvenTvis Zalzed sapatio da imavdroulad, sapasuxismgeblo-

caa. samomavlod swored es proeqti gaxdeba safuZveli Cve-

ni momavali TanamSromlobisa. proeqtis mTavari mizania isto-

riis swavlebis xarisxis gaumjobeseba saqarTveloSi, daxmare-

ba saqarTvelos ganaTlebis reformisadmi, gaRrmaveba naciona-

luri da internacionaluri TanamSromlobis, gaumjobeseba ad-

gilobrivi istoriis maswavleblebisa da akademiuri istori-

kosebis profesiuli kontaqtebis. vaswavloT istoria multi-

kulturul da multikonfesiur garemoSi, swored esaa Cveni

proeqtis mTavari siaxle.

evrokliosTan Cveni asociaciis TanamSromloba didi xnis

win daiwyo. mas win uZRoda wina saukunis 90-ian wlebSi axa-

li Taobis (evoluciuri anu civilizaciuri xazis) saqarT-

velosa da msoflio istoriis saxelmZRvaneloebis Seqm-

saerTaSoriso seminari bazaleTSi, 2010 wlis 6-7 ivlisi

22

na. am saxelmZRvaneloebma Caanacvla sabWoTa periodSi ar-

sebuli, formaciuli ganviTarebis koncefciaze agebuli da

marqsistul -leninuri ideologiis matarebeli saxelmZRvane-

loebi. maTSi ZirioTadi aqcenti keTdeboda narativis Secvla-

ze evropuli standartebis mixedviT. es iyo mcdeloba, miva-

xloebodiT evropuli saxelmZRvaneloebis standartebs. axal,

evropul saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi aprobirebuli (rac evro-

pis mraval qveyanaSi muSaobisas gamoicada sxvadasxva proeq-

tebis saxiT) erToblivi proeqtis wamowyeba iyo evroklios

organizaciisa da „istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos aso-

ciaciis“ iniciativa. masze vmuSaobT 2007 wlis zafxulidan.

proeqtis amuSavebaSi unda aRiniSnos prof. cira CikvaiZisa

(istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociaciis vice pre-

zidenti) da evroklios samdivnos TanamSromlis, stiven ste-

garsis wvlili. aqtiuri mimoweris saSualebiT maT bevri de-

ukraineli eqspertis, irina kostiukis seminari TbilisSi

istorikosi N1 2011

23

tali daadgines proeqtze muSaobis irgvliv da ukve 2007

wlis Semodgomaze proeqti damtkicda niderlandebis sagareo

saqmeTa saministrosTan arsebuli ,,matra“-s fondis mier.

aRsaniSnavia, rom proeqtis saavtoro jgufi da redkole-

gia internacionaluria. ase rom, saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi eT-

nikuri jgufebis warmomadgenlebi aqtiurad arian CarTulni

proeqtSi. sayuradReboa isic rom aseTi ram pirvelad keT-

deba respublikis masStabiT. Cven evropel partniorebTan er-

Tad ganvsazRvreT funqciebi da kompetenciebi istoriis mas-

wavlebelTaTvis. eseni arian saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi sxva-

dasxva eTnikuri da religiuri jgufebis warmomadgenlebi. is-

ini monawileoben vorkSopebSi, seminarebSi da aseve saerTa-

Soriso treningebSi. vfiqrobT, proeqti kargi magaliTia imi-

sa, Tu rogor unda viswavloT da miveCvioT cxovrebas mul-

tikulturul garemoSi. vidre proeqti saqarTveloSi muSao-

seda melkumiani (axalqalaqi), nana cixisTavi (Tbilisi), nargiz nabieva da

eliura alieva (marneuli) proeqtze muSaobis dros

24

bas Seudgeboda, man aprobacia gaiara samTavrobo da arasamTa-

vrobo doneze. proeqtSi aqtiurad CaerTo ganaTlebis sami-

nistro da misi warmomadgenlebi, saqarTvelos wamyvani uni-

versitetebi, skolebi, muzeumebis TanamSromlebi, arasamTavro-

bo organizaciebi. proeqti aseve iqca istoriis maswavlebel-

Ta saqarTvelos asociaciis gafarToebisa da misi regionuli

organizaciebis dafuZnebis xelSemwyobad da donorad, asocia-

ciis mravali saintereso wamowyebisa da aqtivobis mxardamWe-

rad. SeiZleba Tamamad iTqvas, rom proeqti asociaciis amoq-

medebis mTavari mamoZravebeli Zalaa. misi miznebi da amocane-

bi, yovelgvari gadaWarbebis gareSe, marTlac rom unikaluria.

msgavsi ram jer ar gakeTebula ara mxolod saqarTvelos sa-

ganmanaTleblo sivrceSi, aramed mTlianad kavkasiaSi. amitomac

safuZvlianad da samarTlianad gaxda igi interesisa da gans-

jis sagani ara marto Cvens saxelmwifoSi, aramed mezobel qvey-

nebSic. yovelive es aisaxa kidec 2010 wels JurnalSi ,, kav-

kasiuri aqcenti“ (rusul enaze) da veb-gverdze _ ,,kavkasiu-

ri kvanZi“ (rusul enaze). mas mieZRvna statia aseve saqarTve-

los ganaTlebis saministros JurnalSi ,,maswavlebeli“ (2010

weli, #2). proeqtma muSaoba realurad 2008 wlis 1 ivniss

daiwyo da gagrZeldeba 2011 wlis 1 noembramde.

2008 weli interkulturuli dialogis wlad gamocxadda.

swored am periods davamTxvieT Cveni proeqtis dawyebac. Cven

miznad davisaxeT tolerantobis mSenebloba istoriis swa-

vlebis gziT. dRes es Tema yvelaze mtkivneulia rogorc is-

torikosebisTvis, aseve araistorikosebisTvisac. toleranto-

baze bevri saubrobs, magram es ZiriTadad mis fasadur mxares

exeba. realurad ki Sinaarsi bevrisTvis ucnobia. swored aman

gvibiZga multikulturuli sakiTxebis wamowevisken. proeqtis

ideebiT moxiblulma Cveni mezobeli somxeTisa da azerbaija-

nis arasamTavrobo organizaciebis liderebma, romlebic ara-

erTgzis monawileobdnen proeqtis aqtivobebSi, gadawyvites da

Seqmnes kidec arasamTavrobo istoriis maswavlebelTa respub-

likuri asociaciebi. isini dResdReobiT muyaiTad muSaoben da

istorikosi N1 2011

25

eZieben saproeqto ideebs. niSandoblivia, rom wels martSi ga-

marTul evroklios yovelwliur konferenciaze, somxeTisa da

azerbaijanis istoriis maswavlebelTa asociaciebi evrklio

Si gaawevrianes. maT, ra Tqma unda, Cvenma asociaciamac dauWira

mxari. Cven bevrs vfiqrobT mezobeli qveynebis asociaciebTan

TanamSromlobaze. samomavlod, egeb regionuli mniSvnelobis

proeqtis ganxorcielebis mowmenic gavxdeT. es kidev ufro

did mniSvnelobas SesZens istoriis swavlebis srulyofasa da

ganviTarebas regionis masStabiT. aseve, aranaklebi mniSvneloba

eqneba istoriis maswavlebelTa kavkasiuri regionuli organi-

zaciis Camoyalibebasac, magram es jerjerobiT momavlis saqmea.

Tavdapirvelad, rodesac xsenebuli proeqtis miznebze da

amocanebze mimdinareobda muSaoba, Camoyalibda saTauris Sem-

profesori rumiana kuSeva (bulgareTi) Treinings atarebs TbilisSi,

evropul skolaSi, 2010 wlis 23 ianvari

26

degi varianti: ,,rogor vaswavloT istoria multieTnikur da

multikonfesiur garemoSi“. Semdeg, muSaobis procesSi mimar-

Tulebam saxe icvala da gaCnda axali saTauri _ ,, rogor vic-

xovreT erTad saqarTveloSi me-20-e saukuneSi“. es imas niS-

navs, rom Cvens saboloo naSromSi, e.w. ,,saswavlo furcleb-

Si“, gavaSuqoT eTnikuri jgufebisa da konfesiebis roli XX

saukunis saqarTvelos istoriaSi. is, Tu rogor qmnidnen is-

ini saqarTvelos istorias qarTvelebTan erTad. unda iTqvas,

rom msgavsi informacia saqarTvelos istoriis saxelmZRvane-

loebSi jer ar gaJRerebula. vfiqrobT, istoriis aseTi xedva,

xels Seuwyobs sazogadoebis gamTlianebas. igi daaCqarebs ase-

ve eTnikuri jgufebisa da konfesiebis integrirebis process

samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi. es ki demokratiuli saxelmwifos

mSeneblobisa da ganviTarebis erT-erTi umTavresi safuZvelia.

istoriis swavlebis sakiTxi xSirad Zalze mgrZnobiarea

mravalerovan saxelmwifoebSi. saqarTveloSi eTnikuri umci-

sapilote gakveTils Temaze „gayofili lukma (ukrainelebi saqarTveloSi)“

atarebs Tbilisis 51-e sajaro skolis pedagogi ana kuprava

istorikosi N1 2011

27

resobebi arasakmarisad iyvnen warmodgenilni istoriis sa-

xelmZRvaneloebSi. Cven marTebulad vamayobT, rom gvaqvs to-

lerantuli sazogadoeba, rom tolerantoba CvenTvis geneti-

kuri Tvisebaa, magram imisaTvis, rom avaSenoT Cven mier xSi-

rad deklarirebuli demokratiuli sazogadoeba, Zalian seri-

ozulad unda vimuSaoT am mimarTulebiT. Cven istoriis mas-

wavleblebs unda mivceT damatebiTi, sruliad axali saxis ma-

sala. igi maT saSualebas miscems, pirvelwyaroebis meSveobiT,

Seavson saxelmZRvaneloebSi naklebad an sruliad gauSuqebe-

li Temebi. am masalis saSualebiT moswavleebi gaecnobian maT

gverdiT mcxovrebi xalxebis yofa- cxovrebas. vfiqrobT, moma-

valSi yvelam unda icodes TanamoqalaqeTa kulturis, tradi-

ciebisa da yoveldRiurobis Sesaxeb.

aqedan gamomdinare, poeqtis saavtoro jgufSi, Camoyalib-

da 4 ZiriTadi Tema: ,,multieTnikuri saqarTvelo“, ,,reli-

gia“, ,,migracia“ da ,,ojaxi da yoveldRiuri cxovreba“. Cven

wina planze unda wamovwioT da istoriis swavlebaSi Sevita-

noT siaxleebi: masalis mravalferovneba, multiperspeqtiulo-

ba, kompleqsuroba, gansxvavebuli narativebi, interpretaciebi,

wyaroebi, obieqturoba, winaaRmdegobrivi da saTuTi sakiTxebi-

sadmi originaluri, magram frTxili da samarTliani midgoma,

identobis pativiscema da sxva mravali axali midgoma. arada

90-ian wlebSi, rodesac praqtikulad daiwyo axali Taobis sa-

xelmZRvaneloebze muSaoba da roca dasavleli specialistebi

gviwevdnen konsultaciebs istoriis swavlebaSi arsebul sia-

xleebze, sakiTxi ase daisva: ramdenad exmareboda istoria sko-

laSi interkulturuli ganaTlebis miRebas. am sakiTxis pasu-

xad gamoikveTa ori mxare: nacionaluri istoriis sakiTxi da

stereotipi _ mezobeli qveynebis istoriuli mtrebis saxiT

warmoCena. am mxriv proeqtma ara mxolod es problema daayena

dRis wesrigSi, aramed miznad daisaxa maswavlebelTaTvis iseTi

masalis miwodeba, romlis mixedviTac istoriiT manipulirebas

veRaravin SesZlebda. misi saSualebiT moswavleebs istoriis

ganviTareba ara calmxrivad, aramed sxvadasxva kuTxidan unda

28

SeeswavlaT da warmoedginaT. maT aucileblad unda Seig rZnon

misi mravalferovneba rogorc negatiuri, ise piozitiuri mo-

vlenebis zomierad warmoCinebiT. udavoa, rom mtkivneuli saki-

Txebi arsebobs ara marto qarTul, aramed sxva saxelmwifoe-

bis realobaSic. sxvaganac vxvdebiT magaliTad, nacionalur na-

rativs, romelic am saxelmwifos poziciebidan gamomdinare, yo-

velTvis Zalian pozitiuri da myaria. istoriis mimarT kri-

tikuli midgoma aqac winaaRmdegobaSi modis dialogTan. ara-

da maTi Serwyma-Sejereba, albaT, saukeTeso gamosavali iqnebo-

da. Cveulebriv istoriis Txrobisas gvaqvs mxolod monolo-

gis reJimi da Tumca viZleviT uzarmazar informacias, magram

Sedegis gareSe. aqve unda iTqvas isic, rom istoriis swavle-

bisas mxolod emociebiT ar unda vixelmZRvaneloT.

am proeqtis ganxorcieleba arc Tu ise martivia mrava-

li TvalsazrisiT. proeqtis sawyis etapze mimdinareobda misi

gacnobis rTuli, magram saintereso procesi samTavrobo Tu

arasamTavrobo doneze. pirvel rigSi igi gavacaniT istoriko-

sebsa da istoriis maswavleblebs. midioda Zalian cocxali da

mniSvnelovani debatebi proeqtis Semdgomi ganviTarebis per-

speqtivebis garSemo. am problemiT dainteresebuli kompeten-

turi adamianebi gva wvdidnen im informacias, codnas, daskvnebs,

romlis gareSec ar eqneboda azri am proeqtis dawyebas. saq-

me imaSia, rom arasdros, arc qarTul istoriografiaSi da arc

saqarTvelos saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebSi, ar ixsenieboda eT-

nikuri umciresobebi da konfesiebi im prizmiT, rogorc Cven

vapirebdiT amis warmodgenas Cven mier Sedgenil e. w. ,,saswav-

lo furclebSi“. sawyis etapze amocana Zalze rTulad, xan-

daxan ganuxorcielebladac ki gveCveneboda. ucnobi iyo ro-

gor miiRebda amas Cveni sazogadoeba. daviwyeT mosamzadebeli

samuSaoebi, movawyeT Sexvedrebi wamyvan universitetebSi is-

toriis pedagogebTan da akademiur istorikosebTan. parale-

lurad vawyobdiT proeqtisa da asociaciis prezentacias re-

gionebSi: gorSi, rusTavSi, TelavSi, axalcixeSi, baTumSi, zug-

didSi, quTaisSi. Sedegi aseTia: proeqtis CarCoebSi Cven or-

istorikosi N1 2011

29

ganizeba gavukeTeT sam seminars wavkisSi, Caqvsa da bazaleT-

Si da 5 vorqSops: TbilisSi, gudaurSi, TelavSi, kvlav Tbilis-

sa da axalcixeSi. am aqtivobebSi monawileobdnen evropeli

da qarTveli eqspertebi, istoriis pedagogebi yvela regioni-

dan internacionaluri SemadgenlobiT, muzeumebisa da univer-

sitetebis TanamSromlebi, ganaTlebis saministros warmomad-

genlebi. Cveni proeqtis aqtivobebi araerTgzis gaSuqda Tbi-

lisisa Tu regionebis media sivrceSi. yovelive es Tanamimde-

vrulad Suqdeba evroklios organizaciis vebgverze www.eu-roclio.eu da evroklios yovelTviur biuletenSi. Cveni proeq-

tis warmomadgenlebi araerTgzis iyvnen miwveulni evroklios

egidiT gamarTul konferenciebze, seminarebsa Tu vorqSope-

bze: inglisSi, holandiaSi, kviprosze, bulgareTSi, germaniaSi,

latviaSi, TurqeTSi. proeqtis bolos Cven unda gavamzadoT

saboloo produqti da gamovceT igi sxvadasxva enaze. Cve-

saerTaSoriso seminari TbilisSi, 2009 wlis 25 ianvari. sityviT gamodis

istoriis maswavlebelTa somxeTis asociaciis vice-prezidenti stefan gri-

goriani. mis marjvniv zis istoriis maswavlebelTa azerbaijanis asociaciis

vice-prezidenti rauf rajabovi

30

ni saboloo gamocemis Semoklebuli varianti unda iTargmnos

inglisurad, xolo saqarTvelos skolebSi pilotirebisaTvis

mas gadaTargmnian rusul, azerbaijanul, afxazur, somxur da

osur enebze. Cven ukve daviwyeT proeqtis programis Sedge-

na ganaTlebis saministros mxridan misi akreditaciis mizniT,

raTa proeqtis dasrulebis Semdeg, am programis saSualebiT

gvqondes SesaZlebloba CavataroT treningebi maswavlebel-

TaTvis am sakiTxebze.

proeqtma didi samsaxuri gauwia istoriis maswavlebel-

Ta saqarTvelos asociacias im TvalsazrisiT, rom dRis we-

srigSi daayena asociaciis vebgverdisa (www.imsa.ge) da Jur-nalis gamocema. veb gverdi moemsaxureba ara mxolod proeq-

tis saWiroebebs, aramed gaaerTianebs da saWiro informacias

miawvdis asociaciis wevrebsa da dainteresebul pirebs. xolo

rac Seexeba Jurnals, Seiqmna misi redkolegia da ganisazRvra

pirveli nomris specifika. rogorc xedavT Jurnals ,,isto-

rikosi“ ewodeba. xolo pirveli nomeri interkulturul di-

alogs eZRvneba.

2010 wlis seqtembridan proeqtis internacionalurma red-

kolegiam muSaoba daiwyo saboloo produqtis redaqtirebaze,

rac savaraudod 2011 wlis gazafxulze dasruldeba. parale-

lurad seqtembridanve saqarTvelos skolebSi _ Tbilissa da

regionebSi _ Sida qarTlSi, qvemo qarTlSi, aWaraSi, imereTSi,

samegreloSi, kaxeTsa da samcxe-javaxeTSi Seuferxeblad mim-

dinareobda proeqtis saswavlo masalebis pilotireba. aso-

ciaciis ofisSi yovel kviras ikribebodnen regionidan Camosu-

li maswavleblebi, proeqtis koordinatorebi, proeqtis jgu-

fis xelmZRvanelebi da redkolegiis wevrebi, imarTeboda coc-

xali diskusiebi pilotirebis mimdinareobis ama Tu im saka-

maTo sakiTxze, xdeboda pilotirebis Sedegebis Sefaseba wi-

naswar momzadebuli da maswavleblebisaTvis darigebuli ki-

Txvaris mixedviT. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom pilotirebis proce-

si redkolegiis muSaobis paralelurad mimdinareobda da er-

Timeores avsebda. yovelive aman kargad dagvanaxa, Tu raode-

istorikosi N1 2011

31

ni mniSvneloba aqvs Teoriisa da praqtikis Sejerebas, rac yo-

velTvis gamarjvebis sawindaria. diax, Cven gvjera gamarjve-

bis, gvjera imis, rom es proeqti gamoadgeba CvenSi istoriuli

ganaTlebis ganviTarebas, aseve gamoadgeba Cvens mravalferovan

sazogadoebas, mis yvela wevrs, eTnikur jgufebsa da konfesiebs,

momavali Taobebis demokratiuli faseulobebiTa da saxelmwi-

foebrivi azrovnebiT aRzrdas.

proeqtis redkolegiis wevri eva mamedova (Tbilisis #72 sajaro skola)

haagaSi, redkolegiis sxdomaze, 2010 wlis agvisto

32

proeqtis `tolerantobis mSenebloba istoriis swavlebis proeqtis `tolerantobis mSenebloba istoriis swavlebis

gziT~ damatebiTi saxelwodebaa `rogor vaswavloT istoria

mravalkulturul da mravalkonfesiur garemoSi?~. imisaTvis, mravalkulturul da mravalkonfesiur garemoSi?~. imisaTvis,

rom am kiTxvas pasuxi gavceT, saqarTvelos rogorc qarTul, rom am kiTxvas pasuxi gavceT, saqarTvelos rogorc qarTul,

aseve, yvela araqarTul skolas vTavazobT damatebiT saswavlo aseve, yvela araqarTul skolas vTavazobT damatebiT saswavlo

masalas `rogor vicxovreT erTad saqarTveloSi XX sauku-masalas `rogor vicxovreT erTad saqarTveloSi XX sauku-

neSi~. imedi gvaqvs, is Seavsebs im `TeTr laqebs~, romlebic neSi~. imedi gvaqvs, is Seavsebs im `TeTr laqebs~, romlebic

Cveni saerTo samSoblos XX saukunis istoriis swavlebaSi Cveni saerTo samSoblos XX saukunis istoriis swavlebaSi

dRemde arsebobs.

qvemoT gTavazobT krebulSi Sesuli e.w. samuSao fur-qvemoT gTavazobT krebulSi Sesuli e.w. samuSao fur-

clebis anotacias. furclebTan erTad, gamosacemad mzaddeba clebis anotacias. furclebTan erTad, gamosacemad mzaddeba

maswavleblis wignic.

1. CavabareT Tu ara tolerantobis gamocda avbedobis Jams? 1. CavabareT Tu ara tolerantobis gamocda avbedobis Jams?

– sakvanZo kiTxva: SeiZleba Tu ara eTnokonfliqtebis fonze

keTilmezoblobis SenarCuneba?

moswavle, konfliqtis zonasTan mdebare ergneTis bazrobis

magaliTze, dainaxavs, rogor uwyobda xels savaWro urTier-

Toba urTierTndobis SenarCunebas qarTvelebsa da osebs So-

istorikosi N1 2011

krebuli _ `rogor vicxovreT erTad

saqarTveloSi XX saukuneSi~

anotacia

elene meZmariaSvili

istoriis doqtori,

proeqtis koordinatori

saqarTvelos mxridan

mravaleTnikuri saqarTvelo

jgufis xelmZRvaneli prof. nino Ciqovani

33

ris, ratom ar SeuSlia xeli konfliqts am urTierTobebis

ganviTarebisTvis.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ramdenad SeiZleboda ergneTis ba-

zrobis msgavsi adgili yofiliyo konfliqtSi monawile mxa-

reebis gamTiSveli da, amave dros, gamaerTianebeli?

2. duxoborebi saqarTveloSi2. duxoborebi saqarTveloSi – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor

SeZles duxoborebma TviTmyofadobis SenarCuneba XX saukunis

saqarTveloSi?

moswavle gaiazrebs, rogor moaxerxes duxoborebma Tavi-

anTi tradiciuli meurneobis dargebisa da yofis SenarCuneba

samcxe-javaxeTSi, ra iyo duxoborebis dasaxlebebSi yvelaze

mniSvnelovani: meurneoba, ena, religia Tu sxva., ra gavlena iqo-

nia me-20 saukunis mniSvnelovanma politikurma movlenebma maT

cxo vrebaze saqarTveloSi.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra uwyobda xels mcirericxovani

eTnikuri da religiuri jgufebis TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebas?

3. „kavkasiuri ezo“ sofel baraleTSi„kavkasiuri ezo“ sofel baraleTSi – sakvanZo kiTxva:

ramdenad iyo sofeli baraleTi XX saukunis saqarTveloSi

„kavkasiuri ezos“ magaliTi?

moswavle gaiazrebs, ras niSnavs „kavkasiuri ezo“, ra uw-

yobda da dResac uwyobs xels qarTvelTa da somexTa mSvido-

bian Tanacxovrebas javaxeTis sofel baraleTSi: Sromis pro-

cesi, RvTismsaxureba, mezobluri urTierToba, kanonmdebloba

Tu sxv..

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ratom iTvleba „kavkasiuri ezo“

sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis urTierTpativiscemis simbolod?

4. cxinvali 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisamde4. cxinvali 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisamde – erTiano-

ba mravalferovnebaSi – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor cxovrobdnen

sxva dasxva erovnebis adamianebi cxinvalSi 1990-iani wlebis

dasawyisamde?

moswavleebi gaxdebian „kvleviTi jgufis wevrebi“ da

imuSaveben proeqtze, romlis mizania ipovon pasuxi kiTxvaze:

mcxovreblebs 1990–iani wlebis dasawyisamde?

5. ra moxda TbilisSi 1956 wlis 9 marts?5. ra moxda TbilisSi 1956 wlis 9 marts? – sakvanZo

kiTxva: ratom miiRes monawileoba 1956 wlis 9 martis movle-

nebSi sxvadasxva erovnebra akavSirebda erTmaneTTan sxvadasxva

34

eTnikuri da religiuri jgufebis adamianebs cxinvalSi mSvi-

dobiani cxovrebisas? maT mouwevT sxvadasxva saxis, maT Soris,

adgilobrivi mcxovreblebis interviuebis gaanalizeba da sa-

kuTari daskvnebis gakeTeba.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra aerTianebda cxinvalis is war-

momadgenlebma?

moswavle gaiazrebs 1956 wlis 9 martis tragikul movle-

nebSi sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgenlebis monawil-

eobis mizezebs da amis fonze gaakeTebs sakuTar daskvnebs, Tu

ramdenad CarTulebi iyvnen sxvadasxva erovnebis saqarTvelos

moqalaqeebi qveyanaSi mimdinare procesebSi.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: raze metyvelebs eTnikuri umci-

resobebis monawileoba sabWoTa saqarTveloSi mimdinare pro-

cesebSi?

6. 1989 wlis 9 aprili6. 1989 wlis 9 aprili – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor vi-

brZodiT erTad saqarTvelos damoukideblobisTvis?

moswavle gaiazrebs XX saukunis meore naxevris am mniS-

vnelovan da tragikul movlenas axali kuTxiT: dainaxavs masSi

saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi sxvadasxva erovnebis adamianis monaw-

ileobas. garda amisa, gaerkveva wyaroebis tipebSi, daadgens

maTi sandoobis xarisxs.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: rogor SeiZleba gaxdes da-

moukideblobisTvis brZola sxvadasxva erovnebis moqalaqeebis

gamaerTianebeli?

7. Tbilisis melpomena (XX saukunis Tbilisis Teatraluri 7. Tbilisis melpomena (XX saukunis Tbilisis Teatraluri

cxovreba)cxovreba) – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor gamoxatavda Teatraluri

cxovreba XX saukunis Tbilisis mravalerovan iersaxes?

moswavle gaicnobs qarTuli, rusuli, somxuri da azer-

baijanuli Teatrebis istorias da gaiazrebs, ra rols Ta-

maSobda zogadad Teatraluri cxovreba sxvadasxva erovnebis

Tbiliselebis daaxlovebaSi. moswavleebs mouwevT jgufebSi

muSaoba da „statiis“ momzadeba XX saukunis dasawyisis erT–

erTi Tbilisuri gazeTisaTvis.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: rogor emsaxureboda Tbilisis

melpomena Tanacxovrebas mravalkulturul qalaqSi?

istorikosi N1 2011

35

8. edemis baRi „samxreTis cimbirSi“8. edemis baRi „samxreTis cimbirSi“ – sakvanZo kiTxva: ro-

gori urTierToba iyo saqarTveloSi Camosaxlebul rusebsa

da adgilobriv mosaxleobas Soris XX saukunis dasawyisSi?

moswavle gaiazrebs rogori iyo sagarejos raionSi XIX-XX

saukuneebSi Camosaxlebuli rusi malaknebis cxovreba XX sau-

kunis ganmavlobaSi: mezoblebTan urTierToba, Sroma, saojaxo

yofa, damokidebuleba eTnikuri da SeZenili samSoblosadmi.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ratom iTvleboda saqarTvelo anu

„samxreTis cimbiri“ edemis baRad?

9. „Tbilisuri ezo“9. „Tbilisuri ezo“ – sakvanZo kiTxva: ras niSnavs „Tbili-

suri ezo“?

moswavle gaiazrebs, ra istoriulma movlenebma Seuwyo

xeli e.w. „Semosavliani saxlebis“ gaCenas; rogori iyo Tbili-

sur ezoebSi yoveldRiuri cxovreba; ra iyo am cxovrebis

dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi. moswavles mouxdeba Tavisi

daskvnebis gakeTeba im masalaSi, romelsac vebgverdisaTvis

moamzadebs. aseve, moswavleebi gaiTamaSeben scenas Tbilisuri

ezos cxovrebidan.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: raSi gamoixateba Tbilisuri

ezoebis gansakuTrebuli koloriti?

1. Sereuli qorwinebebi saqarTveloSi XX saukunis meore 1. Sereuli qorwinebebi saqarTveloSi XX saukunis meore

naxevarSinaxevarSi – sakvanZo kiTxva: romelma politikurma procesebma

iqonia gavlena saqarTvelos mosaxleobis eTnikuri Semadgen-

lobis cvlilebaze XX saukunis meore naxevarSi?

moswavle, mravalferovani wyaroebis analizis gziT, gaa-

cnobierebs saqarTvelos mosaxleobis demografiuli cvli-

lebebis Taviseburebebsa da mizezebs; gaecnoba saqarTvelos

mosaxleobis demografiul mravalferovnebasa da misi cvli-

lebebis dinamikas XX saukunis meore naxevarSi.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra istoriuli movlenebi axdenda

gavlenas Sereuli qorwinebebis dinamikaze?

ojaxi da yoveldRiuri cxovreba

jgufis xelmZRvaneli prof. naira mamukelaSvili

36

2. erTi quCa marneulSi2. erTi quCa marneulSi – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogori iyo

sxvadasxva eTnikuri da religiuri jgufis Tanacxovrebis

tradiciebi marneulSi XX saukunis bolos?

moswavle, saqarTvelos erT-erTi regionis – marneulis

mosa xleobis yoveldRiuri cxovrebis magaliTze, sxvadasxva

xasiaTis wyaroebze dayrdnobiT, gaanalizebs rogor moxda

sxva dasxva aRmsareblobis adamianTa tradiciebisa da kultu-

ris daaxloeba.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra aris marneulSi sxvadasxva

eTni kuri Tu religiuri jgufis urTierTobis damaxasiaTe-

beli niSani?

3. „xalxTa WianWvelebis bude“ CaqvSi3. „xalxTa WianWvelebis bude“ CaqvSi – sakvanZo kiTxva:

ratom eZaxian Caqvs „xalxTa WianWvelebis budes“?

moswavle, gaecnoba saqarTvelos erT-erTi yvelaze mra-

valeTnikuri soflis – Caqvis istoriul ganviTarebas XX

saukunis ganmavlobaSi. wyaroebze dayrdnobiT, is gaanalizebs,

Tu ra aris imis mizezi, rom saukunovani Tanacxovrebis pi-

robebSi, CaqvSi eTnikur niadagze ar momxdara arc erTi kon-

fliqti; ra aerTianebs erTmaneTisagan eTnikuri da religiuri

niSniT gansxvavebul adamianebs, ra ganapirobebs maT mSvidobian

Tanacxovrebas mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra aris saWiro imisaTvis, rom ada-

mianebi mSvidobianad cxovrobdnen mravaleTnikur dasaxlebaSi?

4. udiebi XX saukunis qarTul garemoSi4. udiebi XX saukunis qarTul garemoSi – sakvanZo kiTxva:

rogor cxovrobdnen udiebi XX saukunis qarTul garemoSi?

moswavle gaecnoba saqarTvelos mosaxleobis albanuri

warmoSobis erT-erTi mcirecicxovani eTnikuri jgufis – ud-

iebis yoveldRiur yofa-cxovrebas qarTvelebis garemocvaSi.

saerTo saklaso diskusiis gziT moswavle Tavad gamoTqvams

mosazrebebs, rogor unda moxdes udiebis integrireba qar-

Tul sazogadoebriobasTan ise, rom SenarCunebul iqnas maTi

tradiciebi da TviTmyofadoba.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra faqtorebs SeuZlia mcire-

ricxovani xalxebis TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebis xelSewyoba?

5. qistebi XX saukunis saqarTveloSi5. qistebi XX saukunis saqarTveloSi – sakvanZo kiTxva:

rogor aRiqvams qistebs Tanamedrove qarTuli sazogadoeba?

istorikosi N1 2011

37

moswavle gaecnoba qistebis yoveldRiur cxovrebas saqa-

rTvelos erT-erT mTian regionSi; gaanalizebs, ras efuZneba

qristianebisa da muslimebis urTierToba sofel joyolos

magaliTze; Camoayalibebs kavkasiis xalxebis saerTo wes-

Cveulebebisa da mentalitetis Camoyalibebis mizezebs.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: eTnikuri, religiuri da enobrivi

siWrele – kavkasiuri kulturis simdidrea Tu problemebis

wyaro?

6. espaneli bebiis istoria6. espaneli bebiis istoria – sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom iqca

saqarTvelo samSoblod meore msoflio omis dros espaneTi-

dan evakuirebuli bavSvebisaTvis?

moswavle, sxvadasxva saxis wyaroebze dayrdnobiT da erTi

espanur-qarTuli ojaxis magaliTze, gaecnoba da gaanalizebs

upatronod darCenili espaneli bavSvebis mdgomareobas, saqa-

rTveloSi maTi gadmosaxlebis Semdeg; im istoriul faqtebs,

romlebmac maTi saqarTveloSi gadmosaxleba ganapiroba da

momavalSi maT beds Seexo. is gaanalizebs, rogori adamianuri

Tvisebebi ganapirobebs xalxis urTierT keTilganwyobil damo-

ki debulebas yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: romel istoriul movlenebs Seu-

Zlia gavlenis moxdena calkeuli adamianis bedze?

7. eTnokonfliqtebi da bavSvebi 7. eTnokonfliqtebi da bavSvebi – sakvanZo kiTxva: 1990-

iani wlebis ra istoriulma movlenebma iqonia gavlena bavS-

vebis cxovrebis pirobebze saqarTveloSi?

moswavle gaiazrebs XX saukunis bolosa da XXI sauku-

nis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos teritoriaze ganxorcielebuli

eTnokonfliqtebis Sedegad dazaralebuli ojaxebis bavSvebis

mdgomareobas; daasabuTebs, Tu ratom unda iyos dainteresebu-

li saxelmwifo da sazogadoeba mozardi Taobis problemebis

gadaWriT. wyaroebis safuZvelze daadgens, Tu romeli ufle-

bebi xorcieldeboda eTnokonfliqtebis Sedegad dazaralebul

bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT; Seecdeba gamonaxos gzebi dazarale-

buli bavSvebis mdgomareobis Sesamsubuqeblad.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra gavlena iqonia 1990-iani

wlebis eTnokonfliqtebma saqarTveloSi bavSvebis bedze?

38

1. gayofili lukma1. gayofili lukma – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor cxovrobdnen

erTad qarTvelebi da evakuirebuli ukrainelebi saqarTveloSi

1930-40-ian wlebSi?

moswavle gaanalizebs: 1930-40-ian wlebSi ukrainelTa

saqarTveloSi migraciis mizezebs; maTi qarTul sazogadoebaSi

integraciis process; siZneleebs, romelsac waawydnen saqarT-

veloSi ukraineli migrantebi. Camoayalibebs Tavis mosazre-

bebs zemoaRniSnul sakiTxebze jfufuri muSaobis safuZvelze.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra aris samuSao furclis saTau-

ris gzavnili?

2. mudmivad samSoblos ZiebaSi (mesxeTidan deportireb-2. mudmivad samSoblos ZiebaSi (mesxeTidan deportireb-

ulebi)ulebi) – sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom eZeben dRemde deportirebuli

mesxebi TavianT samSoblos?

moswavle gaerkveva 1940-ian wlebSi samxreT saqarTvelosa

da aWaris regionebidan mesxi mosaxleobis erTi nawilis iZu-

lebiT gasaxlebis mizezebsa da SedegebSi; gaanalizebs saq ar-

Tvelos mTavrobisa da sazogadoebis, sxvadasxva organizaciis

pozicias deportirebul mesxebTan dakavSirebiT XX saukunis

40-iani wlebidan dRemde. moswavle am sakiTxebSi gaerkveva

klasSi simulaciuri aqtivobis meSveobiT.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ratom gaasaxla saxelmwifom

saqarTvelodan, xolo Semdeg daabruna mosaxleobis garkveuli

nawili?

3. rusTavi – „ormoci Zmis“ qalaqi3. rusTavi – „ormoci Zmis“ qalaqi – sakvanZo SekiTxva:

saidan warmoiSva rusTavis zedmetsaxeli, `ormoci Zmis~ qa-

laqi?

moswavle gaigebs, rom 1940-ian wlebSi metalurgebis axa-

li qalaqis rusTavis daarseba industrializaciis politi-

kis gamoZaxili iyo, xolo qalaqis internacionaluri, mra-

valerovnuli xasiaTi – nawilobriv, saxelmwifos mxridan

Si da mi graciuli procesebis regulirebis Sedegi. moswavle

imsjelebs axali, mravalerovnuli qalaqis daarsebasTan daka-

istorikosi N1 2011

migracia

jgufis xelmZRvaneli prof. cira CikvaiZe

39

vSirebul socialur, ekonomikur da kulturul problemebze

qalaq rusTavze pirobiTad gadasaRebi filmis scenarebSi.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra roli iTamaSa migraciulma

procesebma mravalerovani rusTavis SeqmnaSi?

4. agorebuli qvebi (ekologiuri migrantebi saqarTveloSi)4. agorebuli qvebi (ekologiuri migrantebi saqarTveloSi)

_ sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom iqca ekomigrantebis gansaxlebis

sakiTxi erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobis problemad saqarT-

veloSi?

moswavle gamoikvlevs da gaanalizebs 1990-ian wlebSi

saqarTveloSi ekologiuri cvlilebebis Sedegad gamowveul

Si da migraciul procesebs; gamoTqvams mosazrebebs axali da-

sa xlebebis SeqmniT warmoqmnili problemebis da saxelmwifos

rolis Sesaxeb am problemebis gadaWrisas. mas dasWirdeba

prezentaciis momzadeba da Sexedulebebis Sejereba ekomi-

grantebis problemebis gadaWris RonisZiebebTan dakavSirebiT.

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra roli unda Seasrulos xelisu-

flebam da sazogadoebam ekomigrantebis adaptaciisaTvis xel-

sayreli garemos SeqmnaSi?

5. medlis ori mxare: qarTvelebi da osebi (XX s. 90-5. medlis ori mxare: qarTvelebi da osebi (XX s. 90-

iani ww.iani ww.) _ sakvanZo kiTxva: SeiZleba Tu ara politikuri

lideris sajaro gamosvla calkeuli eTnikuri jgufis migra-

ciis mizezi gaxdes?

moswavle, mravalferovani wyaroebis daxmarebiT da jgu-

febSi muSaobis Sedegad, gaanalizebs: 1990-ian wlebSi saqarT-

velodan osebis migraciis mizezebsa da dinamikas; qarTuli

saxelmwifos mier gadadgmul politikur nabijebs; imsje-

lebs daZabulobis zrdis mizezebsa da konfliqtis mogvarebis

gzebze.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra gavlena moaxdina 1980-iani

wlebis bolosa da 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisis movlenebma

saqarTvelos mosaxlebis migraciul procesebze?

6. sami qalis dRiuri: baltiispirelebis bedi saqarTvelo-6. sami qalis dRiuri: baltiispirelebis bedi saqarTvelo-

SiSi _ sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor cxovrobdnen baltiispirelebi

XX saukunis saqarTveloSi?

moswavleebi gaigeben: rodis dasaxldnen, rogor integrird-

nen da cxovroben saqarTveloSi estonelebi, litvelebi da

40

latvielebi; ramdenad aqtiurad aris CarTuli baltiispirel-

Ta diaspora saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriv da sazogadoebriv

cxovrebaSi. Aam kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemas moswavle moax-

erxebs sami _ estoneli, litveli da latvieli _ qalis

dRiurebis furclebidan.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra aris saerTo saqarTveloSi

mcxovrebi baltiispireli qalebis bedSi?

7. `sxva saqarTvelo sad aris?~: 1990-iani wlebis emigra-7. `sxva saqarTvelo sad aris?~: 1990-iani wlebis emigra-

ciacia _ sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom tovebdnen saqarTvelos moqa-

laqeebi samSoblos 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisSi?

moswavle, sxvadasxva saxis wyaroebze dayrdnobiT, gaanali-

zebs saqarTveloSi XX s. bolos arsebuli migraciuli pro-

cesebis gamomwvev politikur, ekonomikur, socialur mizezebs.

jgufuri muSaobis Sedegad, daasaxelebs maTgan, misi azriT,

yvelaze mniSvnelovan xuT mizezs, ris gamoc SeiZleboda im

dros saqarTvelos datoveba. aseve, ivaraudebs xuT mizezs, ris

gamoc samSobloSi darCena jobda.

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: SeZles Tu ara 1990-iani wlebis

emigrantebma sxva saqarTvelos naxva?

mimarTuleba _ religia

1. kanoni da realoba1. kanoni da realoba – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogori iyo sab-

WoTa saxelmwifos religiuri politika 1920-40-ian wlebSi?

samuSao furceli exeba 1920-40-ian wlebSi religiis

sferoSi sabWoTa kanonmdeblobis da saxelmwifoSi Seqmni-

li realuri viTarebis winaaRmdegobriv xasiaTs. moswavle

gaacnobierebs saxelmwifos rols negatiuri stereotipebis

Camoyalibebis saqmeSi da rom marto kargi kanoni ar aris sak-

marisi realur cxovrebaSi mis gansaxorcieleblad.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra monawileobas iRebdnen qarTve-

li bolSevikebi saxelmwifos religiuri politikis ganxor-

cielebaSi?

istorikosi N1 2011

religia

jgufis xelmZRvaneli istoriis doqtori

beso lorTqifaniZe

41

2. uRmerTo saqarTvelo2. uRmerTo saqarTvelo – sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom ebrZoda

sabWoTa saxelmwifo yvela aRmsareblobis adamians 1920-30-

ian wlebSi?

samuSao furceli gadmogvcems 1920-30-ian wlebSi sabWoTa

propagandistuli manqanis damokidebulebas yvela religiis

mimarT. moswavle dainaxavs, rom es negatiuri damokidebuleba

Seexo yvela aRmsareblobas. is Tavad Seqmnis TvalsaCinoebas

da gaiazrebs, rom yvela mrwamsis adamianis mimarT unda iyos

tolerantuli.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: rogor axsni samuSao furclis

saTaurs „uRmerTo saxelmwifo“?

3. faruli locv3. faruli locva – sakvanZo kiTxva: ra Sedegi mohyva re-

ligiuri politikis cvlilebas sabWoTa kavSirSi 1940-70-ian

wlebSi?

samuSao furcelSi gadmocemulia saxelmwifos damokideb-

uleba sxvadasxva aRmsareblobis adamianebis mimarT da real-

uri suraTi 1940-70-ian wlebSi. moswavle dainaxavs xalxis

Cum protests saxelmwifo politikis mimarT.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ratom loculobdnen sabWoTa

saqarTveloSi farulad?

4. TanamSromloba Tu Seuwynarebloba?!4. TanamSromloba Tu Seuwynarebloba?! – sakvanZo kiTx-

va: ramdenad iyo aRmsarebloba da erovnuloba konfliqtebis

mizezi damoukidebel saqarTveloSi XX-XXI saukuneebis mi-

jnaze?

moswavle gaecnoba saqarTvelos mosaxleobis sxvadasxva

mrwamsis adamianebis urTierTdamokidebulebas 1990-ian wleb-

sa da Tanamedrove periodSi. is Seecdeba gaarkvios, ramdenad

uwyobs xels urTierTSemwynarebloba qveynis karCaketilobis

daZlevasa da siZleres. amisaTvis mas istoriidan magaliTebis

moSvelieba dasWirdeba.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra gavlenas axdens qveynis gan-

viTarebaze sxvadasxva religiis warmomadgenelTa TanamSrom-

loba da urTierTSemwynarebloba?

5. saqarTvelo marTlmadideblebisTvis?5. saqarTvelo marTlmadideblebisTvis? – sakvanZo kiTxva:

ramdenad misaRebia fraza: saqarTvelo marTlmadideblebi sTvis?

moswavle Seecdeba gaarkvios, ratom aris garkveuli ste-

42

reotipebi saqarTveloSi sxvadasxva aRmsareblobis adamianebis

mimarT. aseve Seecdeba dasaxos gzebi am stereotipebis dasa-

Zlevad.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ratom unda izrunos qveynis

mosaxleobis marTlmadidebelma umravlesobam sxva aRmsare-

blobis adamianebis uflebebze?

6. kaTolikebi me-20 saukunis quTaisSi6. kaTolikebi me-20 saukunis quTaisSi – sakvanZo kiTxva:

rogori iyo quTaisis mosaxleobis damokidebuleba adgilo-

brivi kaTolikebis mimarT XX saukuneSi?

moswavle gaecnoba da gaiazrebs qarTveli kaTolikebis

wvlils me-20 saukunis quTaisis cxovrebis TiTqmis yvela

sferoSi; adgilobrivi mosaxleobis maTdami damokidebulebas.

ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ratom Tvlidnen Tavs sxvadasxva

konfesiis adamianebi, maT Soris, kaTolikebi, upirvelesad, WeS-

marit quTaislebad?

istorikosi N1 2011

43

ganaTleba inkluziurobis, cnobierebis

amaRlebisa da tolerantobisaTvis:

ZiriTadi Temebi sakiTxis droulobisa da

mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb

istoriis saganmanaTleblo roli skolebSi

2008 wels sajaro ganaTlebis Sefasebis holandiurma cen-

trma sakuTar veb-gverdze Semdegi daskvna gamoaqveyna: „sko-

lebs mniSvnelovani roli eniWeba kanonierebis, demokratiisa

da moqalaqeobis zogadi faseulobebis gadacemis saqmeSi. es

gansakuTrebiT xorcieldeba iseTi sagnebis meSveobiT, rogori-

caa istoria da moqalaqeobis safuZvlebi.“ swored es wina-

dadeba xsnis sakiTxis arss, kerZod imas, rom istoria, rasac

Cven skolebSi vaswavliT, axalgazrda Taobis aRzrdasTanaa

dakavSirebuli da, aqedan gamomdinare, misi msjelobis sagani

unda iyos sayovelTao faseulobebi, humanuri midrekilebebi

da demokratiis monapovari.

vici, rom bevri istorikosisaTvis es gancxadeba SeiZle-

ba arakomfortul WeSmaritebas warmoadgendes, radgan isini

ufrTxian warsulis instrumentalizacias da, miT ufro, ide-

ologiuri mizezebiT mis arasworad gamoyenebas. samwuxarod,

ioke van der leu-roordi

evroklios damfuZnebeli,

misi pirveli prezidenti,

amJamad aRmasrulebeli direqtori

saerTaSoriso siaxleebi istoriis swavlebaSi

44

istoria da istoriis swavleba evropaSi Tu mis farglebs

gareT uamrav magaliTs gvTavazobs am SiSis gasamarTleb lad.1

Tumca, istoriis pedagogebs isic gaazrebuli aqvT, rom isini

saganmanaTleblo sistemis nawils warmoadgenen da ganaTleba

axlagazrda Taobaze unda iyos morgebuli. skolaSi mozardebi

ar Seiswavlian warsuls mxolod im mizniT rom gaarkvion

zustad ra moxda; sagani unda daiwyos mTavari SekiTxviT mis

mizanTan dakavSirebiT.

istorias evropul saskolo kurikulumSi uamravi mniS-

vnelovani mizani akisria. evroklios mier 2003, 2006 da 2009

wlebSi Catarebulma kvlevebma aCvena, rom istoriis Seswav-

lisa Tu swavlebis upirvelesi miznebi mTels evropaSi met–

naklebad erTnairia: esaa ganaTleba demokratiisa da moqa-

laqeobriobis xelSewyobisTvis, moswavleTa mier samyaros

Se cnoba, maTSi kritikuli azrovnebis unaris ganviTareba da

sakuTari saxelmwifosadmi erovnuli kuTvnilebis grZnobis

Camo yalibeba.2

pasuxismgebeli profesiuli Zala

cnobilia, rom istoria sazogadoebisaTvis mniSvnelvan ma-

moZravebel Zalas warmoadgens. aqedan gamomdinare, evroklio

cdilobs xeli Seuwyos istoriuli ganaTlebis jan saR gam-

oyenebas demokratiuli sazogadoebebis mSene blobisa da ga-

Zlierebis mizniT. aseve cdilobs kavSiri daamyaros isto-

rikosebs Soris miuxedavad maTi eTnikuri Tu religiuri

kuTvnilebisa. organizaciis wevrebi erToblivad eZeben gzebs,

1 magaliTisTvis ixileT Antoon de Baets, Responsible History (Oxford, 2008), Christina Koulouri (ed), Clio in the Balkans. The Policy of History Education (Thessaloniki, 2002), Christina Koulouri (ed), Teaching the History of Southeastern Europe (Thessaloniki, 2001) da Wolfgang Hopken(ed), Oil on Fire: Textbooks, Ethnic Stereotypes and Violence in South-Eastern Europe (Hannover, 1996).

2 evroklios saiti Seicavs ZiriTadi kiTxvarebis Sedegebs, moyolebuli

1998 wlidan rogorc PowerPoint-Si warmodgenil prezentaciebs, aseve dia-gramebsa da rukebs: http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,-com_docman/Itemid,402/.

istorikosi N1 2011

45

raTa danergon sayovelTao Rirebulebebi, humanuri midrekile-

bebi, demokratiuli monapovari da, amgvarad, gazardon gana-

Tlebis mniSvneloba keTilsindisieri moqalaqeobisa da Seri-

gebis saqmeSi.

daarsebis dRidan, 1993 wlidan evroklio xels uwyobs

saeTaSoriso urTierTgagebas, pativiscemasa da TanamSromlo-

bas. organizaciis upirveles mizans warmoadgens xeli Seuwyos

istoriis swavlebis ganviTarebas, rac, Tavis mxriv, gaaZlierebs

mSvidobas, stabilurobas, demokratias da kritikul azrovne-

bas. evroklio iRwvis, raTa istoriisa da moqalaqeobriobis

safuZvlebis swavleba mravalferovani xedviT, inovaciiT da

kritikuli azrovnebiT gaamdidros.

evroklio amtkicebs, rom warsuls ar gaaCnia sazRvrebi da

istoriis swavleba udides gavlenas axdens imaze, Tu rogor

aRiqvamen adamianebi garemomcvel samyaros. evroklios xedviT,

istoriis swavla da swavleba gansakuTrebuli pasuxismge-

blobis sferoa, radgan swored is gaxlavT ganaTlebis sfero-

Si yvelaze metad politizirebuli sagani. saskolo istoria

moiTxovs pasuxismgeblobis mqone yovelmxriv profesionals

da evroklioc Tavs uyris istorikosebsa da istoriis peda-

gogebs evropidan, raTa erToblivad ganixilon da gamoscadon

warsulis inkluziuri swavlebis meTodebi.

evroklios miaCnia, rom istoria aris yvelaze struqturi-

zebuli arxi sazogadoebebSi istoriuli cnobierebis Camoya-

libebisTvis da, Sesabamisad, SemoqmedebiTad uwyobs xels mis

winsvlas. evroklio propagandas uwevs imgvar midgomas isto-

riis swavlebisadmi, romelic ganamtkicebs demokratiul fa-

seulobebs, unarebs da midrekilebebs. Tavis mxriv, es sagani

zrdis ormxriv pativiscemas, tolerantobas da antieqstremi-

stul ganaTlebas. is svams kiTxvebs, romlebic iwveven kamaTs.

imisaTvis, raTa es ideebi praqtikaSi gaataros, 1993 wlidan

moyolebuli evrokliom evropaSi organizeba gauwia 30-ze met

saerTaSoriso konferencias, asobiT adgilobriv seminars da

vorqSops, ganaxociela uamravi grZelvadiani proeqti.

46

novatoruli meTodologia

evroklios politika SemuSavebulia uamravi erovnuli da

saerTaSoriso debatebis Sedegad. istoriis saskolo swav-

lebis tradiciuli funqcia mravaljer dadga kiTxvis niSnis

qveS, radgan xSirad igi iaraRad qceula erebsa Tu saxelmwi-

foebs Soris dapirispirebebSi. 2007 wels bledSi (slovenia)

gaimarTa saerTaSoriso konferencia Temaze ,,adamianTa ufle-

bebis swavleba: gakveTilebi istoriidan“ sadac kviprosel-

ma istoriis ganaTlebis eqspertma Cara makriianim damswre

farTo evropuli sazogadoebis winaSe wamoWra mniSvnelovani

kiTxvebi saskolo sagnis miznebTan dakavSirebiT.1

• moeTxovebaT Tu ara istoriis swavlebis procesSi mo-

swavleebs daeTanxmon movlenebis Sefasebas Tu kiTxvis niSnis

qveS unda daayenon is;

• morCilad unda miyvnen movlenebis „oficialur“ inter-

pretacias Tu disciplinirebuli kamaTisa da argumentebis

Sedegad sakuTari versiebi SeimuSavon;

• daeTanxmon romelime konkretul xedvas Tu multiper-

speqtiuli xedvisaken iswrafon?

• istoriam skolis moswavleebs daTanxmeba unda aswavlos

Tu winaaRmdegobis gaweva?

cxadia, istoriis swavlebis evropeli da aramarto evro-

peli specialistebi ufro metad am kiTxvebis meore nawi-

l ebs daeTanxmebian, Tumca es ar niSnavs imas, rom umravlesoba

swored am midgomas iziarebs. umetes evropul qveynebSi poli-

tikosebsa da mediis warmomamdgenlebs Zalian uWirT gaiTavi-

son saskolo istoriis es kritikuli pasuxismgebloba.

doqtori Cara makriiani aseve Seexo sagnis Tematikas da

dasva Semdegi kiTxvebi:

• unda misces Tu ara saskolo istoriam moswavleebs co

1 doqtor makriianis sruli prezentacia SegiZliaT ixiloT bmul-

ze: http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,com_docman/Ite-mid,402/.

istorikosi N1 2011

47

dna da gaagebinos warsulis Sesaxeb istoriuli azrovnebis

mniSvneloba;

• unda ganaviTaros Tu ara maTSi warsul da axlandel

sa zo gadoebebSi individebis Tu jgufebis rolis, pasuxismgeb-

lobis, uflebebis SesaZleblobebis da movaleobebis gageba;

• unda gazardos Tu ara moswavleTa demokratiuli damo-

kidebulebebi da unarebi;

• unda waaqezos Tu ara sazogadoebaSi CarTuloba da aqti-

voba;

• unda gazardos Tu ara moswavleTa Soris mravalfe ro-

vnebis mimReoba.

am SemTxvevaSi istoriis Tanamedrove swavleba valdebulia

yvela moTxovna gaiTvaliswinos.

sakiTxavia, ramdenadaa es midgomebi saskolo istoriis r e -

a lo ba Si danergili?

2006 wels evroklios mier Sedgenili kiTxvari sTxovda

respodentebs eCvenebinaT, Tu ra adgili uWiravs maT erovnul

kurikulumebSi garkveul koncefciebsa da kompetenciebs.

gamokiTxvis Sedegad, yvelaze mniSvnelovnad dasaxelda

Sedegi:

• qronologiuri cnobierebis Camoyalibeba da movlenaTa

qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiT dalagebis unari;

• cvlilebisa da uwyvetobis gaazrebis unari;

• analizis unari;

• istoriuli masalebis Sefasebisa da maTi istoriul kon-

teqstSi gamoyenebis unari.

da mainc, yvelaze mniSvnelovnad istoriuli codnis Tanmim-

devrulad gaxseneba iTvleboda, vidre faqtebisa da Sexedu-

l e bebis erTmaneTisagan garCeva. aseve, istoriuli mniSvnelobis

Sefaseba urTierTsawinaaRmdego interpretaciebis ga mo yenebiT.

yvelaze umniSvnelod CaiTvala dRevandeli istoriografiuli

debatebis saqmis kursSi yofna.

48

faseulobebi da midgomebi

samxreT floridis ganaTlebis koleji Zalian kargad uR-

e bs alRos istoriis pedagogTa muSaobas, rodesac wers, rom

„yvela profesia xasiaTdeba saerTo codnis erTi da imav e Tvi-

sebebiT, unarebiT da midgomebiT.1 swavleba ki xelobaa, rad gan

srulyofilebis ZiebaSi is iyenebs mecnierebasac da xelovneba-

sac“... es ganacxadi maswavlebelTan erTad moswavlesac exeba

– “socialuri disciplinebis (ganaTleba) ZiriTad winapirobas

warmoadgens is, rom moswavle valdebulia gamoavlinos codna,

unarebi, midgoma“.

es ganacxadi socialuri disciplinebisa da ganaTlebis

erT Zalian mniSvnelovan da saintereso aspeqts usvams xazs.

es ori sagani ara mxolod gadascems codnas da unarebs, ar-

amed nergavs konkretul faseulobebs da aviTarebs sazogadoe-

bisaTvis sasargeblo midgomebs moswavleebSi.2 swored zemox-

senebul or sagans aqvs yvelaze metad pirdapiri urTierToba

politikasTan, ideologiasa da sazogadoebebis Tanadroul

saWiroebebTan. sakiTxebi, romlebic yovelTvis iwveven kamaTs

istoriis axali kurikulumis Sesaxeb aris globalizacia,

gadagvareba, erovnuli identobis SegrZnebis Semcireba, saer-

TaSoriso islamis mzardi roli da erovnul Tu religiur

umciresobaTa naklebi integracia sazogadoebaSi.

ukanasknel wlebSi evropaSi am sakiTxebs socialuri mis-

wrafebebis mTel wyebasTan akavSirebdnen. yofil komunistur

qveynebSi dRis wesrigSi upirvelesi adgili daiWira gana-

Tlebam demokratiis ganviTarebisaTvis.3 bevri iseTi dasav-

1 ixileT: Social Studies Education (SSE) Course & Program Policies & Expec-tations bmulze: http://www.coedu.usf.edu/main/departments/seced/SocialS/SSEho-me.html

2 evroklios 2009 wlis kiTxvaris avlens Semdeg prioritetebs: http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,com_docman/Itemid,402/.

3 Michail A. Boytsov, “A EUROCLIO and Russian Joint Venture. Writing Scho-olbooks on Post-War History”–History for Today and Tomorrow. What does Euro-pe Mean for School History. EUSTORY-Series: Shaping European History, Volume 2 (Hamburg, 2001) 154-163. evroklios proeqtebi fikusirdeba Semdegi sa-

kiTxebis garSemo. http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,-com_docman/Itemid,241/vb.

istorikosi N1 2011

49

leTevropuli qveynis winaSe, romlebSic maRalia migracia, mag-

aliTad, safrangeTi, didi britaneTi, niderlandebi, moulod-

nelad dadga sakuTari rolis gaazrebis sakiTxi sazogadoe-

baTa kavSiris, mravalferovnebis dafasebis da tolerantobis

mSeneblobis saqmeSi.1 konfliqtur teritoriebze, magaliTad

bosniaSi, saqar Tvelosa da makedoniaSi, Serigebasa da mraval-

ferovnebis dafasebas didi yuradReba eqceva. TiTqmis yve-

la evropuli skolis istoriis kurikulumSi Sevida Temebi,

romlebic moicavs Tanasworobas, adamianTa uflebebs, gen d ers,

uwyvet ganviTarebas da garemos. gansakuTrebuli davalebebi

da e kisra socialur disciplinebsa da istoriis kurikulumebs,

amisi kargi magaliTia evroklios egidiT TurqeTSi mimdinare

proeqti. SeiZleba zogma ikiTxos, ramdenad emTxveva evro-

pel politikosTa da istoriis pedagogTa damokidebulebebi

da ramdenad misaRebia maswavlebelTaTvis es moTxovnebi, an

saerTod, ramdenad xSirad ekiTxebian maT rCevas, aqvT Tu ara

survili da unari msgavsi faseulobebi gadascen Taobebs da

ganaviTaron garkveuli tendenciebi?2

evroklios mer 2009 wels Catarebulma gamokiTxvam

dagvanaxa, rom evropaSi amgvar gadawyvetilebebze istoriis

peda gogebs mcire gavlena aqvT.3 da kiTxva, pedagogTa Taname-

drove kompetencia da arsebuli saswavlo masalebis xarisxi

gamodgeba Tu ara dasaxuli miznebis misaRwevad, jerac pa-

suxgaucemelia.

evroklios meTodi gamoxatavs azrs, rom istoriasa da is-

toriis swavlebas adamianuri faseulobebis, damokidebule-

bebis da midrekilebebis mTel wyebasTan uxdeba Sepirispireba.

1 Gordon Brown, The Future of Britishness, moxseneba fabianelTa sazoga-

doebaSi, 2006 wlis 14 ianvari. sazogadoebis pres-relizi ixileT bmulze

http://www.fabians.org.uk/events/speeches/the-future-of-britishness; magaliTad, ni-

derlandebSi debatebi Temaze Canon and National Museum for History ixileT

http://www.jijmaaktgeschiedenis.nu/blog/ an http://entoen.nu/forum.aspx.2 James Fitzgerald, ‘History in the Curriculum: Debate on Aims and Values’ in

History and Theory, Vol. 22, No. 4, Beiheft 22: The Philosophy of History Teaching (Dec., 1983), 81-100, ixileT bmulze http://www.jstor.org/pss/2505217.

3 2009 wlis kiTxvaris Sedegebi ixileT bmulze http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,com_docman/Itemid,402/.

50

esaubro axlagazrda Taobas warsulze, niSnavs moicva pozi-

tiuri Temebi, rogoricaa demokratia, tolerantoba, adamianTa

uflebebis pativiscema, urTierTgageba, solidaroba, Tavisufle-

ba, gambedaoba, Tanabari SesaZleblobebi, pasuxismgebloba, si-

yvaruli da megobroba. Tumca, aseve Tavs ver aarideb negatiur

cnebebs, rogoricaa stereotipebi, crurwmena, brma rwmena, qse-

nofobia, rasizmi da Zaladoba.

evrokliom partnior organizaciebTan erTad am sakiTxebTan

dakavSirebiT mTeli rigi saswavlo strategiebi da masa-

lebi SeimuSava.1 istoriaSi mravladaa movlenebi, procesebi

da fenomenebi, romlebic moqalaqeobas Tu samoqalaqo pasux-

ismgeblobas exeba. evroklio cnobs istoriis pedagogTa sa-

sicocxlo rols axalgazrdebSi samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobis

da sazogadoebaSi maTi aqtiurad CarTvis saqmeSi.2

specifiuri istoria

evropis istoriis swavleba Zalian momTxovni da gansa-

kuTrebulia. zogadad, erovnuli istoriis swavlebaSi erovnu-

li umravlesobis warmomadgeneli jgufis xedvebi Warbobs.

1 amis Sedegi iyo 14 inovaciuri saxelmZRvanelosa da maswavlebelTa

damxmare wignis gamoqveyneba, magaliTisTvis: Ordinary People in an Extraordina-ry Country. Every Day Life in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia. Yugosla-via between East and West 1945-1990 (2008) and Change and Continuity in Everyday Life in Albania, Bulgaria and Macedonia 1945-2000 (2003). evroklios arsebo-

bis pirveli 15 wlis namuSevris Sejameba ixileT organizaciis 26-e biule-

tenSi Making a Difference. Fifteen Years of EUROCLIO, bmulze: http://www.eu-roclio.eu/site/index.php/2008-making-a-difference-bulletins-381. evroklios mier

gamocemuli yvela publikaciis naxva SegiZliaT organizaciis saitze.

2 magaliTad, ixileT Fair and Balanced History. 44 working sheets for active student work with a multicultural approach (http://www.euroclio.eu/site/index.php/materials-bulgaria-129). evrokliosa da evropaevmis gaerTianebuli Zalisxme-

vis Sedegia proeqti Connecting Europe through History. am wlis ZiriTad Temas

warmoadgens Experiences and Perceptions of Migrations in Europe da informaciis xilva SesaZlebelia bmulze http://www.euroclio.eu/site/index.php/projects-ma-inmenu-125/current-projects-mainmenu-32/connecting-europe-mainmenu-304. pir-veli wlis (Human rights in Europe? Tolerance, Democracy, Citizenship, Criti-cal thinking and Multiperspectivity as European Values) sruli moxseneba xelmi-

sawvdomia bmulze http://www.connectinghistory.eu/.

istorikosi N1 2011

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martini Tavs statiaSi evropis istoria da Zveli franguli

wes-Cveulebebi aRniSnavs, rom safrangeTisaTvis „absolutu-

rad warmoudgenelia iseTi kurikulumi, romelic mieZRvneboda

bretanisa Tu baskuri regionis istoriis swavlebas1.“ amave

dros, is acxadebs, „meore msoflio omis periodSi ganviTare-

bul genocidamde evropaSi ar moiZebna adgili ebraelTaTvis.

magram arc qalTa da arc genderis istoria ar TamaSobs ara-

viTar rols; franguli istoriuli ganaTleba aris erovnuli

franguli politikuri istoria“. zogierTi qveyana, magaliTad,

britaneTi, kvlav mtkiced ewinaaRmdegeba iseTi kurikulumebis

ganviTarebas, sadac istoriuli samyaro ufro vrclad an mci-

red iqneba warmodgenili, vidre erovnuli saxelmwifo. jounsi

Tavis statiaSi ,,spilosTan erTad sarecelis gayofa: isto-

riis swavleba uelsSi“ wers, rom es sakiTxi aris gamowveva,

romelsac swrafad unda gaumklavdes britaneTi, sadac ing-

lisuri istoria, kultura da ena saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi

batonobda britaneTis sxva qveynebze.2 evroklios mier 2004

wels kardifSi gamarTulma konferenciam aCvena, rom isto-

riis uelsur kurikulumebsac gaaCndaT siZneleebi.3 saskolo

istoria jerac fokusirdeba uamrav mniSvnelovan personaze,

romlebic dominant kulturas warmoadgenen. mcire yuradReba

eqceva qalebs da saerTod uyuradRebod rCebian eTnikuri

jgufebis warmomadgenlebi.4

1 Jean-Clément Martin, ‘European History and Old French Habits’, – History for Today and Tomorrow. What does Europe Mean for School History. EUSTORY-Se-ries: Shaping European History, Volume 2 (Hamburg, 2001) 45-57.

2 Elin Jones, ‘Sharing the bed with an elephant: teaching history in Wales’, in: History for Today and Tomorrow, 36-44 and Jean-Clément Martin, ‘European Histo-ry and Old French Habits’, idem 45-57.

3 R.R. Davies, ‘Wales and History, Small Country, Large Issues’ and Bjorn Mat-sen, ‘The Learning Country, Jane Davidson, Welsh Minister of Education’, orive ixileT evroklios me–20 biuletenSi: Belonging to Europe – Small Nations, Big Issues (2004) 10-17 and 17.

4 Jan Bank en Piet de Rooy, ‘Een canon van het Nederlandse verleden. Wat iede-reen móet weten van de vaderlandse geschiedenis’, gazeTma NRC Handelsblad 2004 wlis 30 oqtombers warmoadgina am midgomis SesaniSnavi magaliTi, msgavs

tendenciebs amJRavnebs 2001 wlis holandiuri kurikulumi Seqmnili saSu-

alo skolis maRali klasebisaTvis.

52

zogierT qveyanaSi, magaliTad, rumineTsa da latviaSi, calke

sagnad iswavleba eTnikuri jgufebis istoria. Tumca aseTi

midgoma realurad sulac ar uwyobs xels inkluziur swav-

lebas, radganac ar zrdis erTmaneTis Sesaxeb metis gagebis

SesaZleblobas. umravlesobis jgufis warmomadgenelTaTvis

sakuTari istoria Tu kultura warmoadgens erTaderT sagans

saskolo istoriaSi. Tumca, umciresobebis warmomadgenelTa

istoriis calke sagnad gamoyofa rumineTSi, sul cota, is-

toriis swavlebaSi mravalferovnebis danergvas niSnavs. lat-

viaSi axali moqnili kurikulumi aseve iZleva saSualebas

Seswavlil iqnas eTnikuri istoria rusul, polonur, litvur,

ukra inul, estonur da belorusulenovan skolebSi.

inglisSi kurikulumis dagegmvisas mTavar moTxovnas war-

moadgens is, rom igi pasuxobdes axalmosaxleTa saWiroebebs

da erTnair uflebebs aniWebdes moswavleebs „miuxedavad maTi

socialuri warmomavlobis, kulturis, rasis, sqesis, gansxvave-

buli SesaZleblobebisa Tu unarebisa“.1 istoriis kurikulu-

mis farglebSi moiTxoveba „Seuqmnan inglisSi axlad Camosul

moswavleebs iseTi garemo, rom maT CamouyalibdeT sakuTari

identobis da msoflioSi sakuTari adgilis myari SegrZneba.

es daexmareba maT gaiazron, Tu ra gavlena moaxdina warsulma

awmyoze da rogor ganviTarda is adgili, sadac axla isini

cxovroben. istoria daexmareba axalmosulebs ukeT Caswvdnen

inglisis kulturas, institutebs da istorias.“ Tanamedrove

kurikulumTa damxmare saSualeba „uCvenebs maswavleblebs,

Tu rogor SuZliaT maT saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gardaqmnan

erovnuli sakurikulumo programebi da Seusabamon isini mo-

swavleTa gamowvevebs ToToeul etapze.2“ QCA-s saitze am

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT mravladaa mocemuli direqtivebi da

aqtivobebis nimuSebi.3

evroklios modelis mixedviT, saskoli istoriis mizans

1 QCA-s saiti iZleva saintereso SeTavazebebs termin inkluziasTan da-

kavSirebiT.http://www.qca.org.uk/qca_7277.aspx. 2 ixileT: http://www.qca.org.uk/qca_7341.aspx.3 xelmisawvdomia bmulze http://www.qca.org.uk/qca_7964.aspx.

istorikosi N1 2011

53

unda warmoadgendes yovelmxrivi inlkuziuroba, SekavSireba,

gaazreba im maxasiaTeblebisa, rac ganasxvavebs sxvadasxva sqe-

sis da asakis adamianebs, eTnikur, lingvistur da religiur

jgufebs, mdidarsa da Raribs, qalaqis Tu soflis mosaxleobas,

gansxvavebuli azris mqone sazogadoebebs.1 yovlismomcvelo-

bis amgvari interpretacia tradiciul midgomaze Sors midis,

radgan moicavs ara mxolod eTnikur da religiur, aramed

asakobriv, sqesobrv jgufebs da Sexedulebebs. evroklios ram-

denime proeqti albaneTSi, bosnia-hercogovinaSi, xorvatiaSi,

bulgareTSi, estoneTSi, latviaSi, makedoniaSi, ruseTSi, ser-

beTsa da ukrainaSi swored am sakiTxebs mieZRvna.2

umciresobis warmomadgenelTa Sesaxeb saskolo savarjiSoe-

bisTvis kargi wyaros moZieba namdvilad problemuria. moviyvan

erT magaliTs: proeqtis istoriisa da moqalaqeobrivi gana-

Tlebis xelSewyoba rumineTSi menejmentma sTxova eqsperts

iad vaSemids (israeli), stimuli mieca proeqtis wevrTaTvis,

rom maT saxelmZRvaneloSi warmoedginaT ruminul/ebrauli

istoriuli wyaroebi. damswre sazogadoebas Zalian daswyda

guli, rodesac eqspertma mxolod polonuri masalebi moitana.

TviT am kargad aRWurvili ebrauli resurscentrisaTvisac ki

ar aRmoCnda advili sasurveli masalebis moZieba.

zemoTaRniSnuli problemis gamo, ukrainul saxelmZvanelo-

Si ukraina 1901–1938 wlebSi, individis TvaliT danaxuli

periodi TiTqmis ar moixsenieba im drois ukrainis mraval-

ricxovani ebrauli mosaxleobis istoria.3 igive SeiZleba

iTqvas boSebze, romlebic centraluri Tu aRmosavleT ev-

1 magaliTad, evroklios rusuli warmomadgenlbis publikacia Mosaic of Cultures (2005) , ixileT bmulze http://www.euroclio.eu/site/index.php/projects-mainmenu-125/past-projects-mainmenu-47/national-mainmenu-241/cat_view/61-na-tional/150-2002-2005-russia-mosaic/170-educational-materials

2 estoneTSi, latviaSi, makedoniasa da ruseTSi proeqtebis meore wye-

bis gansakuTrebuli kvlevis sagani gaxda termini inkluzia, igive SeiZle-

ba iTqvas evroklios proeqtze bulgareTSi Dialogues, a Cultural Rainbow for the Future.

3 ixileT bmuli: http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,-com_docman/Itemid,241/gid,173/task,cat_view/

54

ropis TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi cxovroben. es xalxi TiTqmis

arc erT istoriul saxelmZRvaneloSi Tu publikaciaSi araa

moxseniebuli. gamonakliss warmoadgens evroklios maswavle-

belTa resursebis wigni yoveldRiuri cxovrebis cvlileba da

uwyvetoba albaneTSi, bulgareTsa da makedoniaSi 1945-2000.1

TiToeul monawile qveyanas davalebuli hqonda warmoedgi-

na sakuTari samSoblos eTnikur jgufTa warmomadgenlobebi.

es Zalian faqizi sakiTxi iyo da mTavrobebs, gansakuTrebiT,

bulgareTisa, gauWirdaT konkretuli jgufisaTvis umcireso-

bis statusi mieniWebina. magram, sabolood, garda makedoniuri

dasaxlebisa bulgareTSi, yvela warmomadgenlobam ipova saku-

Tari adgili.

inkluziuri istoriuli ganaTleba gulisxmobs, imas, rom

erovnul doneze, evropasa Tu mis gareT, aucilebeli piro-

ba iyos multiperspeqtiuloba da mravalgvari narativi. es

midgoma mimarTulia imisaken, rom axalgazrdebma Seiswavlon

da gaiazron warsulis safuZvlebi; is gvTavazobs ufro ax-

los gavecnoT sxvadasxva, erTmaneTs dapirispirebul mxareebs,

gan sxvavebul rekonstruqciebs da alternatiul interpreta-

ciebs; igi exeba im daskvnebs, romlebic momavlisTvis unda

gamovitanoT Sesabamisi warsuli gamocdilebidan. cxadia, Cven

erTsa da imave warsul movlenaze SegviZlia gansxvavebuli

xedvebi CamovayaliboT.2 swored aq Semodis sityva „kompleq-

suroba“, radganac warsulis aRqma rTuli xdeba da efuZneba

mravalgzis narativs da interpretaciebs. Sesabamisad, isto-

riis swavleba Tavidan ver aicilebs paeqrobas da wyenas. am

yvelafers frTxilad da gabedulad unda mivudgeT, ar unda

uarvyoT an ugulvebelvyoT konkretuli faqtebi.

evropuli da ara mxolod evropuli gamocdileba cxadad

aCvenebs, Tu ramdenad rTulia es Temebi politikosebisa da

1 damatebiTi informaciisTvis ixileT http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/in-dex.php/Publications/Teaching-Materials/

2 evroklios meTodologiis Sesaxeb meti informacia SegiZliaT moi-

ZioT bmulze: http://www.euroclio.eu/site/index.php/leafl et-3-methodology-backg-round-material-898.

istorikosi N1 2011

55

istorikosebisaTvis, da kidev ufro metad rTuli saskolo

istoriisaTvis. evroklios saitze, axali ambebis ganyofile-

baSi mocemuli seqcia – istoria gviCvenebs, Tu rogor ebrZvian

sazogadoebebi yoveldRiurad winaaRmdegobriv warsuls. am

TemaTagan bevri maTgani iseT rTul problemebsa da Zireul

moralur sakiTxs exeba, rogoricaa kacobriobis winaaRmdeg

Cadenili danaSaulebi – holokosti, genocidi, diskriminacia,

kolonializmi, monoba, TanamSromloba da Tanasworoba. ar ar-

sebobs evropuli qveyana, romlis warsulis ganxilvisas rome-

lime am sakiTxTagan ar axdendes masze uzarmazar gavlenas.

genderi

istoriaSi CarTulobis specifiur elements warmoadgens

qalebisa da mamakacebis rolze fokusirebis mravalferovneba.

Cveulebriv, qalebi kurikulumebisa da saxelmZRvaneloebis

miRma rCebian. evroklios kiTxvari 2003, 2004, 2005 wleb-

Si Seicavda kiTxvebs saskolo istoriaSi genderis Sesaxeb.

Sedegma uCvena, rom es aspeqti jerac ganuviTarebelia. 2003

wels swored genderi iyo saskolo istoriaSi 1989 wlidan

moyolebuli, yvelaze naklebganviTarebadi midgoma.1 2004 da

2005 wlebSi gamokvlevam uCvena, rom qalisa da genderis is-

toria evropaSi fasdeboda, rogorc yvelaze umniSvnelo sas-

wavlo sakiTxi. man xmebis 7%-ze naklebi miiRo.2 es maSin,

rodesac demokratiisa da adamianTa uflebebis maCvenebeli

25%-s aRemateboda.3 am TvalsazrisiT, holandiis istoriis

axal saxelmZRvaneloebSi 16 kacze 4 qali modis.4 aseve,

1 Joke van der Leeuw-Roord, History Changes. Facts and fi gures about history education in Europe since 1989 (The Hague, 2003).

2 kiTxvari SegiZliaT ixiloT mulze: http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,com_docman/Itemid,402/.

3 ibidem.

4 standartebze pasuxismgebeli komitetis oficialuri saitis misamar-

Ti gaxlavT: http://entoen.nu/informatie.aspx?id=10, informaciis nawili mocemu-

lia inglisur enaze, Turquli Targmani ki gamoqveynda NIHA –s mier (umaR-

lesi ganaTlebis niderlanduri instituti ankaraSi): Ana Hatlarıyla Hollan-da Tarihi (De Canon) (Ankara, 2008).

56

fra ngul/germanuli skolis evropisa da msoflios istoriis

axladgamocemulma eqsperimentulma saxelmZRvanelomac, rac

orive qveyanaSi saSualo ganaTlebis maRal klasebSi swav-

lebisTvisaa gankuTvnili, Tavi ver aarida warsulis Sesaxeb

xedvaSi genderis naklebobas.1 1945 wlidan moyolebuli, mx-

olod 2 qali Cndeba mniSvnelovan pirovnebaTa biografiebis

nusxaSi, esenia: angela merkeli da margaret tetCeri. frangma

avtorebma ver SesZles Tundac erTi qali-Tanamemamulis war-

modgena, romelic imdenad cnobili iqneboda, rom saxelmZRva-

neloSi SeetanaT.

evroklios mizans warmoadgens qalebis ukeT warmoCena.

fokusirebis gadatana mkacri politikuri da samxedro isto-

riidan ufro mravalmxrivi midgomisaken vfiqrobT, namdvilad

waadgeba alternatiuli narativebis ganviTarebas. ukrainuli

saxelmZRvanelo „ukraina 1901-1938 wlebSi, individis TvaliT

danaxuli periodi“ imden magaliTs Seicavda genderuli per-

speqtivebisa, rom gaocebulma gamomcemelma imwamsve daaskvna,

TiTqos wignis avtorebi qalebi iyvnen. Tumca es mcdari daskvna

iyo. yvela avtori mamakaci iyo, rac Tavis mxriv, avtorTa

gundis formirebisas daSvebul uyuradRebobaze metyvelebda.2

axali Turquli kurikulumi

sazogadoebriv disciplinebis axali Turquli kurikulumi

Zireul faseulobaTa danergvas da pasuxismgeblobiT gamsWval-

uli xedvis ganviTarebas emsaxureba. kurikulumis yovel Tavs

sakuTari miznebi gaaCnia. magaliTad TavSi me vswavlob so-

cialur disciplinebs, erT-erT mizans warmoadgens, moswavleTa

mier iseTi gadawyvetilebebis miReba, rac daefuZneba uflebebs,

pasuxismgeblobebs da Tavisuflebebs. meore mizans warmoadgens,

1 Histoire/Geschichte, Europa und die welt seit 1945. (Leipzig, 2006). ixileT:

www.histoiregeschichte.com.2 Joke van der Leeuw-Roord, EUROCLIO Executive Director and Clio Stronk,

EUROCLIO staff member, ‘Learning by Experience’ – Making A Difference. Fifte-en Years of EUROCLIO (The Hague, 2007) 6-11.(http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/in-dex2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=76&Itemid=401).

istorikosi N1 2011

57

moswavleebma gaiazron, rom socialuri disciplinebi xels

uwyobs TurqeTis respublikis aqtiur moqalaqed Camoyalibe-

bas. TavSi Zalaufleba, administracia da sazogadoeba, saubaria

imaze, rom moswavleebma unda imsjelon imaze, rom demokrati-

ul sazogadoebebSi adamianebs gaaCniaT sicocxlis, re li giisa

da azris Tavisuflebis, fizikuri usafrTxoebis ufleba. da

bolos, Tavi globaluri kavSirebi, asabuTebs, rom istoriul

dokumentebze dayrdnobiT moswavleebi aanalizeben adamianTa

uflebebis ganviTarebis process da interpretirebas ukeTeben

TurqeTis istoriaSi qalTa rolsa da qalTa uflebebis gan-

viTarebas. igive Tavi moiTxovs, rom axalgazrdebs unda ganuvi-

TardeT pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba kulturuli memkvidreobis

dacvisa da ganviTarebis mxriv. aseve axalgazrdebs moeTxovebaT

gaiazron qveyanaTa Soris TanamSro mlobis mniSvneloba bune-

brivi safrTxeebisa Tu garemos dacvis TvalsazrisiT.

istoriis, rogorc sagnis, zogadi miznebi aseve moicavs mora-

lur valdebulebebs, magaliTad, moswavleebis informi rebas

iseT Zireul faseulobebze, rogoricaa mSvidoba, tolerantoba,

ormxrivi gageba, demokratia, adamianTa uflebebi; axalgazrdebi

unda gaxdnen am faseulobebis damcvelebi da ganmaviTareblebi.

kurikulumi gulisxmobs mozardebSi gaZlierdes Sromismoyva-

reoba, mecnieruli xedva, xelovnebis siyvaruli da esTetika,

es yvelaferi ki unda moxdes erTi romelime konkretuli

an zogadi civilizaciebis Sesaxeb istoriuli kvlevis war-

moebis saSualebiT. istoriis kurikulumis farglebSi aseve

moiTxoveba moswavleTa Soris ganviTarebul iqnas sulieri,

eTikuri, socialuri da kulturuli aspeqtebi. momdevno miza-

nia mozardTa Camoyalibeba individebad, romelTac ecodinebaT

TavianTi uflebebi da gamoiyeneben maT saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi.

amave dros, gaazrebuli eqnebaT sakuTari pasuxismgeblobebi da

iqnebian mgrZnobiareni socialuri problemebis mimarT.

istoriis swavlebis bolo wlebSi gamoikveTa, rom Taname-

drove msofliosa Tu TurqeTis istoria maswavleblebs akis-

rebs gansakuTrebul miznebs da moTxovnebs. sagnis Seswavlis

58

Sedegad moswavleebs eqnebaT „unari, gaaanalizon globaluri

samyaros mravlismomcveloba da politikuri, socialuri, kul-

turuli Tu ekonomikuri movlenebis mravalmxrivi maxasiaTe-

blebi; ganuviTaron axalgazrdebs is Cvevebi, rac aucilebela

21-e saukunis cvalebad da mzard moTxovnilebebTan gasamklave-

blad. maT unda hqondeT TavianTi xedva da SesZlon jansaRi

komentarebis Tu ideebis warmoCena momavlis Sesaxeb“. TavSi

„globalizaciis procesSi myofi samyaro“, saubaria imaze, rom

moswavleebma unda iswavlon „gageba im problemebisa, romle-

bic warmoiSveba msoflioSi mimdinare ganviTarebis procesis

Sedegad da gaiTavison, rom saWiroa am problemebs gadawyveta

movunaxoT.“

Tumca, yvela am moTxovnis kurikulumSi dafiqsireba sakma-

risi araa, bevrad rTuli procesia maTi xorcSesxma. evropul

qveyanaTa umetesobaSi saTanadod araa Sefasebuli is efeqti,

rasac kurikulumSi ganxorcielebuli cvlileba axdens fi-

nansur Tu adamianur resursebze. amis Sedegad, reformebis

ganmaxorcielebelma programebma ver miaRwies mosalodnel

miznebs da joxi gadatyda maswavleblebze, TiTqos isini ar

emxrobodnen cvlilebebs.1

istoriuli mniSvneloba

bolo wlebSi saskolo istoriis sakvanZo sakiTxi gaxda

istoriuli mniSvnelovnoba. ukve 1994 wels piter seiqsasi

statiaSi moswavleTa mier istoriis mniSvnelobis gageba, wer-

da – „istoriuli fenomeni mxolod maSin xdeba mniSvnelobis

matarebeli, Tu Tanamedrove sazogadoebis wevrebs SeuZliaT

gaavlon paraleli am da sxva istoriul fenomens Soris da

sabolood, am movlenasa da sakuTar Tavs Soris“. Semdeg ki

svams sakvanZo kiTxvas: „romel fenomens aRiqvamen moswavleebi

mniSvnelovnad“?2 samwuxarod, Zalian mcire odenobis akademi-

1 Joke van der Leeuw-Roord, History Changes. 17-32.2 Peter Seixas, ‘Students’ Understanding of Historical Signifi cance.’ – Theory

and Research in Social Education 23.3 (1994): 281-304, 285.

istorikosi N1 2011

59

uri gamokvleva Catarda saimisod, rom am kiTxvis pasuxebSi

Caxedulni viyoT. Tavad seiqsasma Caatara mcire kvleva 14

meaTeklasels Soris kanadaSi. van boriesi germaniaSi aseve

dainteresda am kiTxvaze evropis farglebSi pasuxis moZiebiT;

aseve, holandielma maria griverma Caatara kvleva erovnebiT

holandiel Tu migrant moswavleebs Soris. maT mier miRebuli

Sedegebi ramdenime sakiTxs fens naTels. seiqsasis kvlevam

gamoavlina, rom moswavleebi irCevdnen iseT Temebs, romlebmac

gavlena iqonia xalxTa farTo masebze da romelTa zemoq-

medeba iyo xangrZlivi da awmyoSic grZeldeboda. van boriesis

kvlevam aCvena, rom axalgazrdebs gansakuTrebuli interesi

gaaCndaT uaxlesi istoriis mimarT.1 es mosazreba ganamtkica

griv eris kvlevamac. Tumca man aseve aRniSna, rom es maxasiaTe-

beli gansakuTrebiT exeboda gaerTianebuli samefosa Tu safr-

angeTis mkvidr mosaxleobas. mozardebi yofili koloniebidan

aseve SesamCnev interess iCendnen antikuri istoriis mimarT.

niderlandebSi ki mkvlevari waawyda garkveul interess me-

20 saukunis mimarT, Tumca ara gansakuTrebuls.2 mTel rig

ganmartebebs da miTiTebebs istoriuli mniSvnelovnobis Te-

maze iZleva istoriis swavlebis 125–e tomi, aseve QCA– gan-ma r tebi Ti SeniSvnebi.

3

axali warmodgena kurikulumze

saskolo istoriis inovaciuri swavlebisadmi wamoyenebulma

zemoxsenebulma uamravma axalma moTxovnam da mniSvnelovnobis

sakiTxma gavlena moaxdina Sexedulebaze kurikulumis Sesaxeb.

evropis sabWom proeqtis swavleba evropis me-20 saukunis is-

toriis Sesaxeb farglebSi doqtor robert stradlings daav-

1 Bodo von Borries, Magne Angvik (eds.) Youth and History. A Comparative Eu-ropean Survey on Historical Conciousness and Political Attitudes among Adolescents vol. A: description, vol. B: documentation, CD-ROM (Hamburg, 1997).

2 Maria Grever en Kees Ribbens, Nationale identiteit en meervoudig verleden (WRR Verkenning nr. 17) (Amsterdam, 2007) 130-131.

3 Teaching History 125, December 2006: http://www.vanderkaap.org/histofo-rum/2009/historischbelang.html.

60

ala gamoeca cnobari am Temaze.1 pulikaciisTvis stradlingma

gamoiyena evropis sabWoSi umcros konsultantad muSaobisas

dagrovili gamocdileba, aseve, evropis sabWosa da evroklios

Sefasebis qseli. erT-erTi sakiTxi, rac xangrZlivi ganxilvis

sagani gaxda, iyo Semdegi: rogor gadaetanaT axali sakuriku-

lumo moTxovnebi ganaxlebul, ufro mimzidvel sakurikulumo

modelSi. cxadia, unda gaeTvaliswinebinaT, is, rom moswavleebi

Tanamedrove istorias aniWeben upiratesobas. es aris magali-

Ti me-20 saukunis istoriis swavlebis bevr evropul qveyanaSi

gamoyenebadi tradiciuli programisa, sapirispirod ki warmod-

genilia Temebis alternatiuli CamonaTvali.2

tradiciuli Temebi me-20

saukunis istoriaSi

inovaciuri Temebi me-20

saukunis istoriaSi

pirveli msoflio omis safuZvlebiteqnologiuri da mecnieruli win-

svla

pirveli msoflio omisocialuri cvlilebebi rigiTi ada-

mianebis cxovrebaSi

ruseTis revoluciaqalTa rolis cvlileba sazogado-

ebaSi

evropis restruqturizeba, 1918

weli

mas-kulturisa da axalgazrduli

kulturis warmoqmna

totalitarizmis dasawyisi: komu-

nizmi, erovnuli socializmi da fa-

Sizmi

gamorCeuli moZraobebi kulturasa

da xelovnebaSi

ekonomikuri depresiaindustrializacia da post-indus-

triuli sazogadoebebis warmoqmna

saerTaSoriso mSvidobis darRveva urbanizacia

II msoflio omi: saxalxo omi transporti da komunikaciebi

evropis restruqurizacia 1945

welssaxalxo moZraobebi

1 Robert Stradling, Teaching 20th-century European History, (Strasbourg, 2001).2 Stradling, R. ibidem (22) ixileT bmulze http://www.coe.int/T/E/Cultural_Co-o-

peration/education/History_Teaching/.

istorikosi N1 2011

61

civi omis xana: nato da varSavis

paqti

erovnuli da sxva jgufebis warmo-

madgenlobebis mdgomareobis cvli-

leba evropaSi

dekolonizacia konfliqti da TanamSromloba

politikuri da ekonomikuri Tanam-

Sromloba 1945 wlis Semdegerovnuli moZraobebi

evropuli sazogadoebatotalitarizmi da liberaluri

demokratia

glasnosti da perestroika adamianTa uflebebi

sabWoTa kavSiris daSla

centraluri da aRmosavleT evro-

pis Camoyalibebis procesSi myofi

damoukidebeli demokratiebi

rogorc xedavT, sakiTxebis am axal nusxaSi, romelic 2008

wels Seiqmna, sakmarisi adgili moiZebneba yvela tradiciuli

TemisaTvis; Tumca isini mocemulia ufro gafarToebul per-

speqtivaSi da SesabamisobaSia axali kurikulumis modelTan.

es CamonaTvali aseve naTlad uCvenebs, Tu ramdenad swrafad

Zveldeba kurikulumebi/saxelmZRvaneloebi. 2009 wels am

CamonaTvals daemata garemos dacva, energiaze damokidebuleba,

winsvla globaluri komunikaciebis sferoSi, globalizacia

da islamuri cnobierebis gaZlierebis sakiTxebi.

2009 wlisTvis Seicvala ara mxolod Temebis tradiciuli

SerCeva, aramed, zogadad, fokusireba saxelmZRvaneloebze. na-

Telia moTxovna moqnil da interaqtiur multimediur saSu-

alebaze, romelic pativiscemiT moepyroba mravalferovnebas da

istoriis mimarT multiperspeqtiul midgomas gamoiCens. imi-

saTvis, raTa evropis masStabiT realoba gaxados yovelive es,

2009 wlis Sua xanisaTvis, evrokliom moamzada samwliani pro-

eqti evropuli istoriisa da memkvidreobis kvleva. davexmaroT

pedagogebs saSualo skolebSi mravlferovani perspeqtivebiT

aswavlon evropis istoria da memkvidreoba. am proeqtis far-

glebSi ganviTardeba, gamoicdeba da dainergeba onlain saSu-

aleba saSualo skolebSi evropis istoriisa da memkvidreobis

62

Sesaswavlad. es yvelaferi ki iqneba Semdegi saxis: yvelasaTvis

xelmisawvdomi informaciuli baza saganmanaTleblo masaliT,

romelSic Zieba SesaZlebeli iqneba Tematikis, periodis Tu

adgilmdebareobis mixedviT da erT gakveTilad iqneba warmod-

genili saswavlo TavebSi. masalas eqneba istoriis, memkvidreo-

bisa da geografiis kurikulumebis danamatis saxe da motiva-

cias miscems axalgazrdebs meti Seityon evropis Sesaxeb. am

bazis unikaluroba ki iqneba SesaZlebloba, gakeTdes Sedarebebi

saxelmwifos SigniT Tu gareT da evropis istoria da memkvi-

dreoba danaxul iqnes mravalmxrivi perspeqtiviT. Tavebi age-

bulia Semdegi Temebis irgvliv: „evropis istoriis gardamtexi

momentebi“, „kolonializmi“, „industria da mentaloba“, „migra-

cia“, „globalizacia“ da „yoveldRiuri cxovreba“.

am axali pan-evropuli gamowvevis mizans warmoadgens

imgvari sakiTxebis SerCeva, romlebic inkluziurobasa da mra-

valferovnebas SesZenen istoriul ganaTlebaze muSaobas. axali

Turquli kurikulumi sazogadoeriv disciplinebsa da isto-

riaSi gvTavazobs uamrav saSualebas am axali saSua le bis aqti-

uri gamoyenebisaTvis. inovaciur meTodologiaze dafuZnebuli

saganmanaTleblo masalebi evroklios axali proeqtidan „ev-

ropis gasaRebi–inovaciuri meTodologia Turqul saskolo

istoriaSi“ imedia gamosadegi iqneba evropis warsulisadmi am

axal midgomaSi. aseve vimedovneb, rom istoriis Turqi pedago-

gebisTvis es SesaZlebloba warmoadgens morig nabijs evropaSi

integraciis gzaze.

daskvna

istoriuli ganaTleba evropasa Tu mis gareT mWidrodaa

dakavSirebuli saganmanaTleblo da politikur dRis wesrig-

Tan. amJamindel prioritetebs warmoadgens CarTuloba, mraval-

ferovneba, adamianTa uflebebi, garemo da mdgradi ganviTareba.

istoriuli ganaTleba evropaSi Tavisi axali Sinaarsobrivi

arCevaniT Tu inovaciuri meTodologiiT sruliad naTlad

asaxavs am prioritetebs.

istorikosi N1 2011

63

interkulturalizmi da istoriis swavleba

germanuli gamocdileba da xedva

germanul sazogadoebasa da germanul skolebSi interkul-

turuloba realuri faqtia. germaniis zogierT federalur

olqSi migrantTa ojaxebidan gamosuli bavSvebis raodenoba

30% Seadgens, zogierTSi ki 50% aRemateba. germaniis (moz-

rdil) mosaxleobas, normaluri cxovrebisaTvis, aucileblad

Wirdeba ucxoelebTan Segueba. evrokavSiris farglebSi sul

ufro mWidro Tanacxovrebisa da muSaobis faqti moiTxovs

urTierTobas gansxvavebuli eTnikuri Tu kulturuli war-

momavlobis xalxTan. garda amisa, globalizacia ufro metad,

vidre odesme warsulSi, zrdis ucxo kulturaTa Sexvedris

albaTobas. yovelive es xSirad warmoSobs SiSisa da agresiis

grZnobas.

mosaxleobis nawilSi, Cemi azriT, 4 tipis damokidebuleba

SeimCneva:

1. SavkanianTa diskriminacia. rasizmis msxverplni gansa-

kuTrebiT Savkaniani afrikelebi xdebian, rasac safuZveli ko-

lonializmSi eZebneba.

2. islamis siZulvili. es grZnoba gamowveulia Zveli Se-

xed ulebiT aRmosavleTidan SemoWril cxenosan urdoebze, ro-

gorebic iyvnen, magaliTad, hunebi da TaTrebi. mogvianebiT amas

daemata TurqebTan omebi. dRes islamuri terorizmis Zalado-

robert maierirobert maieri

georg ekertis sax. instituti

germania, q. braunSvaigi

64

ba xSirad warmoSobs iracionalur grZnobebs. informacia mus-

limebis mier Cagruli qalebis Sesaxeb Semdgomi negatiuri

Sefasebebis mizezi xdeba.

3. SiSi organizebuli danaSaulis winaSe. igulisxmeba uc-

xo elTa mier Seqmnili bandebi, romlebic yaCaRoben, qurdoben,

Cabmuli arian prostituciasa da narkotikebTanAdakavSirebul

saqmianobaSi.

4. daucvelobis grZnoba, romelic gamowveulia sazogadoe-

baze ucxouri elementebis uzarmazari zegavleniT. uamravi

adamiani misTvis Cveul garemoSi mimdinare didi cvlilebebisa

mowme xdeba da mSobliuri qveynisa da individualobis dakar-

gvis SiSi eufleba.

cnobilia, rom es Sexedulebebi da SiSi seriozul zians

ayenebs saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebas.

istoriis maswavleblebi unda daupirispirdnen am saziano

crurwmenebs istoriis swavlebis meSveobiT. am mimarTulebiT

gaweuli mcdelobebi interkulturuli swavlebis cnebas uka-

vSirdeba.

adamianis cxovreba metad xanmoklea saimisod, rom man

SeiZinos eqsperimentuli codna misTvis uCveulo movlenebTan

gamklavebisaTvis. magram istoria gvTavazobs mraval sibrZnes

interkulturuli urTierTobis Sesaxeb. arsebobs uamravi do-

kumenturi masala, romlebic gvaCvenebs, Tu rogor iqmneboda

negatiuri stereotipuli Sexedulebebi ,,sxvebze“, ,,ucxoele-

bze“. stereotipTaA Camoyalibebis gaazreba maTi kontrolis

saSualebas iZleva. Zveli SiSi SeiZleba avxsnaT Sesabamisi

faqtebis mokle da gazviadebul aRweriT da, amgvarad, abso-

luturi ki ara, SefardebiTi mniSvneloba mivaniWoT. SeiZleba

vaCvenoT, Tu ra gadaWarbebuli panikiT xvdebodnen savaraudo

saSiSroebas warsulSi da ra damangreveli Sedegebi mohyveboda

amas. isteriuli reaqcia mudam uadgilod miiCneoda. keTil-

Sobiluri da mSvidi damokidebulebis SemuSaveba sxva kul-

turaTaA mimarT sazogadoebis kulturuli simwifis niSania.

istoria gvTavazobs dadebiTi da uaryofiTi gamocdilebis

istorikosi N1 2011

65

nimuSebs imigrantTa talRebTan dakavSirebiT. SeiZleba naT-

lad warmovidginoT kulturul Tu ekonomikur doneze umci-

resobebis warmatebuli integraciis upiratesoba. amas xSirad

mosdevda axali regionuli identobis Camoyalibeba, rac dRes

simdidred da xalxis siamayis sagnad miiCneva. rogorc wesi,

did sirTules qmnis faqti, roca erovnuli an eTnikuri umci-

resobebi erTmniSvnelovnad aRiqmebian rogorc problema. kri-

tikuli xedvis mqone nebismieri istorikosi upirispirdeba

amgvar damokidebulebas _ umciresobebi maSin qmnian problemas,

roca saxelmwifo da sazogadoeba ar cnobs maT Rirebule-

bebs da, saerTod, kiTxvis niSnis qveS ayenebs maTi arsebobis

uflebas.

warmodgena imis Taobaze, rom mxolod eTnikurad homogen-

uri nacionaluri saxelmwifo SeiZleba iyos srulyofili

da „bunebrivi wesrigis“ Sesabamisi, XIX saukunis bolos war-

moiSva da XX saukuneSi piks miaRwia. igi dResac inarCunebs

garkveuli gavlenas.

is, rac erTi SexedviT bunebrivi Cans, axlo dakvirvebiT,

xelovnuri da ararealuria. ,,eTnikuri siwminde” gamogonili

da warmosaxviTi ideaa, xolo roca igi politikaSi tar-

deba, aucileblad iwvevs arahumanur qmedebebs. advilad war-

movidgenT, rogorc miiyvana eTnikuri erTgvarovnebis dacvam

adamianebi Zaladobriv zomebamde, romlebic upirispirdeboda

normalur ganviTarebas da sakuTari kanonebiT moqmedebda. mo-

swavleebi unda dafiqrdnen am Zaladobriv zomebze da gaiTa-

maSon Sesabamisi situaciebi, magaliTad, qorwinebis akrZalva

sxvadasxa kulturis warmomadgenelTa Soris.

amerikeli sociologi frensisi (francis) aRniSnavda, rom

kulturaTSorisi komunikacia da kontaqtebi sxvadasxva eTni-

kur da religiur jgufebs Soris adamianTa istoriis mTavari

maxasiaTebelia. magram es kavSirebi Zalauflebis gauwonas-

worebel urTierTobaTa farglebSi eqceoda, amitom interkul-

turul komunikacias – magaliTad, sxvadasxva tomis wevrebs

Soris, mogvianebiT jariskacTa da mmarTvelTa da TviT mis-

66

ionerTa da maswavlebelTa Sorisac ki _ met-naklebad Za-

ladobrivi forma hqonda. amgvarad, ucxos aRqma da mis Sesaxeb

arsebuli warmodgenebi xSirad damaxinjebuli iyo. istoriis

Zveli saxelmZRvaneloebi amis uamrav magaliTs gvTavazoben.

aq gavixseneb istoriis erT frangul saxelmZRvanelos, ro-

melic adre gamoiyeneboda afrikul koloniebSi. is iwyeboda

winadadebiT: „Cveni winaprebi, galebi...“

sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis wevrebs Soris interkul-

turuli urTierToba, romelSic Zalauflebis elementebi ar

dominirebda, istoriaSi gamonaklisia. swored es aris „inter-

kulturuli swavlebis“ dRevandel gagebis amosavali.

„interkulturuli swavleba“ ar aris calke saskolo

sagani, aramed es aris principi, romelic yvela sagansa da

swavlebis SinaarsSi unda Caidos. misi mizania waaxalisos

moswavleebi, raTa maT Seimecnon ucxo kultura da Seamowmon

sakuTari pozicia sxvebTan urTierTobaSi, rac urTierTgac v-

las Seuwyobs xels.

istoriis programa cdilobs am princips misdios. amis

magaliTia germaniis Slezvig-holStainis federaluri miwa:

_ saxelmZRvaneloebi Seswavlil unda iqnas maTi eTno-cen-

truli, evrocentruli da monokulturuli Sinaarsis Tval-

sazrisiT. es SezRuduli perspeqtiva gacilebiT farTo Tval-

sawieriT unda Seicvalos.

_ saskolo Temebi unda gamdidrdes magaliTebiT ucxouri

kulturebidan. xazi gaesvas gansxvavebul kulturaTa Soris

arsebul msgavsebas.

_ moswavleebma unda Seiswavlon faqtebi sxva kulturebi-

dan, dainaxon maTi mdidari memkvidreoba da miRwevebi.

_ konkretuli interkulturuli sakiTxebi ar unda iswav-

lebodes rogorc gancalkevebuli patara elementebi, aramed

saxelmZRvaneloebSi maT meti adgili unda daeTmos.

interkulturuli swavlebis meSveobiT SeiZleba miRweul

iqnas Semdegi saganmanaTleblo miznebi:

_ moswavleebi cdiloben dainaxon warsuli sazogadoebebis

istorikosi N1 2011

67

fundamenturi gansxvavebebi. maTTvis cnobili xdeba araevro-

puli kulturebis Zireuli gansxvavebebi, rac aRiqmeba rogorc

adamianTa cxovrebis organizaciis sxva, damoukidebeli forma.

_ moswavleebi unda gaecnon eTnikur mravalferovnebas, ro-

gorc faseulobas, rac win aRudgeba kulturaTa nivelire-

bas. maT unda scadon am faseulobis damkvidreba yoveldRiur

cxovrebaSi.

_ moswavleebi tolerantulad aRiqvamen im faqts, rom mra-

valeTnikur sazogadoebaSi SeiZleba arsebobdes gansxvavebuli

kulturuli normebi.

_ moswavleebma ician eTnikuri mravalferovnebis istoriu-

li magaliTebi da SeuZliaT axsnan maTi specifikuri nimuSebi.

_ warsuli ucxo kulturebis Seswavlis gziT, moswavlee-

bi xedaven da upirispirdebian winaswarganwyobebsa da crur-

wmenebs.

_ isini aRar aRiqvamen araevropul kulturebs, rogorc

samxedro an ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT maTze dabla mdgoms.

_ SeuZliaT eTnocentristuli azrebisa da interpreta-

ciebis identificireba.

_ ukeT acnobiereben evrocentristul xedvasa da inter-

pretacias. amaSi maT araevropul identobaTa farTo speqtris

codna exmareba.

_ gaiazreben sxvadasxva kulturas Soris komunikaciis

struqturul siZneleebs.

_ moswavleebi swavloben, rom dialogis procesSi sxva

Tanasworad unda aRiqvan.

_ maTTvis cnobili xdeba sakuTari kulturuli memkvi-

dreoba da normebi.

programa an saxelmZRvanelo ar gvTavazobs interkul-

turuli swavlebis Sesabamis CarCos, Tu:

• aucilebel moTxovnad ar ayenebs sxvaTa gagebas.

• vrclad ar exeba iseT Temebs, rogoricaa migracia, kul-

turuli kontaqtebi, sasazRvro regionebi, integraciasTan da-

kavSirebuli sakiTxebi.

68

• aqcenti ZiriTadad erovnul istoriaze keTdeba.

• evropis sxva qveynebis istorias exeba mxolod saku-

Tari eris istoriasTan mimarTebaSi.

• araevropuli istoria mxolod erovnuli/evropuli

gan vi Tarebis fonadaa warmodgenili.

• ar Seicavs eTnologiisa da kulturis istoriis

aspeqtebs.

• ar misdevs istoriis tradiciul periodizacias anu

drois dayofas antikurobad, Sua saukuneebad, Tanamedrove is-

toriad da uaxles istoriad.

• istoriuli sivrceebi, upirvelesad, gansazRvrulia

erovnuli da eTnikuri kriteriumebiT da ara rogorc mrava-

laspeqtiani urTierTgacvlis arealebi, magaliTad, xmelTaSua-

zRvispireTi an baltiispireTi.

es saswavlo miznebi unda dainergos kurikulumSi, Temebis

klasifikaciisas, avtoriseul teqstebSi, wyaroebsa da ilus-

traciebSi. da bolos, msurs warmogidginoT davalebebisa

da kiTxvebis ramdenime magaliTi amJamad moqmedi germanuli

saxel mZRvaneloebidan, romlebic, Cemi azriT, interkulturuli

cnobierebisa da gagebis Camoyalibebas uwyobs xels (me gamovi-

yene saxelmZRvaneloebi: ,,istoriuli eqspedicia“ ,,istoriuli

xana“, ,,epoqis xedva“, ,,anno“ ,,istoria plus“).

1 Tema: ilustracia, romelzec gamosaxulia Cinuri faifuris

mxatvroba, me-16 saukune.

davaleba: dawereT werili, romelSic vaWari aRuwers mego-

bars Cinuri faifuris mSvenierebas.

2 Tema: kultura tradiciasa da Tanamedroveobas Soris.

davaleba: daajgufeT afrikuli kulturis formebi da

SeadareT isini evropuls.

3 Tema: afrikuli xelovneba.

davaleba: ratom aris afrikuli qvis qandakebebi esoden

saintereso evropuli xelovnebisaTvis?

4 Tema: espanelTa mier amerikis dapyroba.

davaleba: warmoidgine Seni Tavi evropelisa da indielis

istorikosi N1 2011

69

adgilas da isaubre meore mxaresTan. ram moitana zewola da

Cagvra da rogor SeiZleboda amis Tavidan acileba? ganixi-

leT, hqondaT Tu ara indielebs rodesme igive uflebebi, rac

TeTrebs?

5 Tema: aRmoCenebis xana.

davaleba: imsjeleT, namdvilad iyvnen Tu ara mkvidri

amerikelebi `velurebi“? ris safuZvelze acxadeben afrikele-

bi, rom evropelebi kanibalebi arian?

6 Tema: samxreT-dasavleT afrika germaniis kolonia xdeba.

davaleba: moifiqre dialogebi, romlebSic herero kolo-

nistebTan saubrobs imis Taobaze, Tu rogor unda gakeTdes

saqme. gaiTamaSe gansxvavebuli situaciebi.

7 Tema: afrikuli leqsi burundidan, 1982 w.

davaleba: leqsis safuZvelze ganixileT, Tu ras niSnavs ko-

lonializmi koloniuri qveynebis identobisaTvis.

8 Tema: foto, romelzec gamosaxulia turistebis winaSe

mocekvave zulu.

davaleba: warmoidgine Seni Tavi mocekvaveebisa da turi s-

tebis adgilas. gadmoeci maTi fiqrebi da grZnobebi.

9 Tema: foto, romelzec gamosaxulia 1898 wels CineTSi

germanul koloniur administraciaSi momuSave Cineli poli-

cieli.

davaleba: dawere cindaos navsadgurSi germanelTa samsaxur-

Si myofi Cineli policielis moxseneba mokriveTa ajanyebis

Sesaxeb.

10 Tema: 1853 wels amerikelebma omis gamocxadebis muqariT

aiZules iaponia, gaexsna navsadgurebi.

davaleba: dawere mcire zomis teqsti am movlenis Sesaxeb

1854 wlis a) amerikuli saxelmZRvanelosTvis b) iaponuri

saxelmZRvanelosTvis.

11 Tema: moxseneba petre didis dasavleT evropaSi mogzau-

robis Sesaxeb.

davaleba: dawereT, ras uambobda ojaxis wevrebs imperato-

ris mosamsaxure Sin dabrunebis Semdeg.

70

12 Tema: jvarosnebi, me-13 saukune.

davaleba: warmoidgine Seni Tavi ebraelis adgilas rainlen-

dis regionSi da muslimisa _ ierusalimSi. am poziciebidan

dawere komentarebi jvarosanTa moqmedebebze.

13 Tema: islami da qristianoba.

davaleba: kontaqtebi ucxo kulturasTan SeiZleba aRviq-

vaT, rogorc saSiSroeba, magram, amave dros, rogorc gamraval-

ferovnebis saSualeba. daasaxele kulturuli kontaqtebis

dadebiTi da problemuri mxareebi da Camoayalibe Seni azri.

14 Tema: islami dRes.

davaleba: axseni, ratom SeiZleba daimowmon yurani qalebma

Tanasworuflebianobis moTxovnisas.

15 Tema: Sua saukuneebis warmodgena ebraelTa mier qris-

tiani bavSvis ritualuri mkvlelobis Sesaxeb.

davaleba: ratom sjeroda xalxs aseTi gamonagoni istoriebis?

16 Tema: ebraelTa istoria, me-14 saukune.

davaleba: xar ebraeli vaWari da fiqrob dasaxlde ger-

maniis qalaq SpeierSi. Sen acnobiereb, rom am SemTxvevaSi Sen

qalaqis umciresobis nawili xdebi. ris SegeSindeba? esaubre

ebraels, romelic didi xania germaniaSi cxovrobs da miiRe

gadawyvetileba.

17 Tema: ebraelebi da qristianebi.

davaleba: romeli tipis umciresobebi cxovroben germani-

aSi. ra azrisa xar Sen maTze da rogor Camoyalibda Seni

Sexeduleba? rogor SeiZleba aRmovfxvraT winaswari ganwyo-

bebi da crurwmenebi adamianTa gonebidan?

18 Tema: reformacia, me-16 saukune.

davaleba: gamoarkvie, sad xdeba dResac Zaladobis faqte-

bi religiur niadagze. arsebobs aseTi tipis konfliqtebis

mogvarebis magaliTebi?

19 Tema: germanelTa emigracia amerikaSi.

davaleba: Seadare 1900 wlisaTvis aSS-Si mcxovrebi ger-

maneli emigrantebis da germaniis federaciul respublikaSi

aragermanuli warmoSobis imigrantebis mdgomareoba.

istorikosi N1 2011

71

20 Tema: emigracia amerikaSi me-19 saukuneSi.

davaleba: gamokiTxe skolis moswavleebi, romlebic emi-

grantebi arian.

21 Tema: iZulebiTi muSaxeli nacistur germaniaSi.

davaleba: dawere werili, rogorc yofilma sabWoTa an po-

lonelma iZulebiT momuSavem, romelic germanuli kompaniisgan

iTxovs finansur kompensacias iZulebiTi samuSaosTvis.

22 Tema: foto, romelzec gamosaxulia abano _ calke TeT-

rebisa da calke - SavebisaTvis aSS-Si, 1960 weli.

davaleba: ifiqre, Tu ra SeiZleboda egrZno Savkanian moqa-

laqes am tipis sanitaruli pirobebis mimarT.

23 Tema: amJamad arsebuli problemebi, romelsac ucxoeli

migrantebi awydebian integraciisas.

davaleba: moiZieT informacia, ra mizezis gamo eZeben TavSesa-

fars ucxoelebi germaniaSi. gamoiZie saimigracio samsaxurSi,

romeli mizezebia aRiarebuli maT mier.

24 Tema: Sua aRmosavleTi.

davaleba: moemzade, raTa iTamaSo roli sam jgufTan, is-

raeli-palestinis konfliqtTan dakavSir ebiT. pirve li jgufi

warmoadgens israelis pozicias, meore _ pales tinur mxares,

TiToeuli jgufi warmoadgens winadadebebs konfliq tis gada-

saWrelad. mesame jgufi SeimuSavebs da warmoadgens SesaZlo

gadawyvetilebas, romelic miRebul iqneba gareSe (magaliTad,

gaeros) poziciidan.

72

naimexenis gakveTilebi

anu

qarTvel istorikosTa evropuli integracia

2010 wlis 22-28 marts aRmosavleT niderlandebSi mde-

bare uZveles, 2000 wlis qalaq naimexenSi Catarda istoriis

maswavlebelTa evropuli asociaciis ,,evroklios“ meCvidmete

yovelwliuri konferencia, sadac evropis 43 qveynis isto-

riis maswavleblebi da universitetebis profesorebi iyvnen

miwveulni. maT Soris iyo warmomadgenloba sa qa rTvelo dan:

q-ni nana cixisTavi – evroklio/matra-saqarTvelos proeqtis

koor dinatori saqarTveloSi, kavkasiis saerTaSoriso uni-

versitetis profesori, q-ni cira CikvaiZe – saqarTvelos

universite tis profesori, q-ni nino Ciqovani – iv. ja v a-

xiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

pro fe sori da Sorena xecuriani – Tbilisis 42-e sajaro

sko lis maswavlebeli.

konferenciis programa mravalferovani iyo. 23 marts yve-

la monawiles hqonda saSualeba moesmina naimexenis redbau -

mis universitetis profesorTa prezentaciebisaTvis. ZiriTadi

Temebi iyo istoriis swavlebis kriteriumebi da sistemebi

holandiaSi, romlis Semdeg gaimarTa diskusiebi konferen ci is

Sorena xecurianiSorena xecuriani

Tbilisis 42-e sajaro skolis

bilingvuri swavlebis proeqtis

pedagogi

qarTveli istorikosebis saerTaSoriso urTierTobebi

73

monawileTa da prezentatorTa Soris. aqve Catarda parale-

luri sesiebi Temebze: ,,jvarosnebi“, ,,pirveli msoflio omi“,

,, meore msoflio omi“, ,, fotografiis Zala“, ,, civi omi

dasavlur pop-musikaSi“. am striqonebis avtori ,,jvaros nebis“

pre z e ntacias daeswro. es iyo gakveTili, romelic Zalze

sai n te re so da axlismomcveli aRmoCnda CemTvis. prezentaciis

damswre ,,mo s wa vl eebi“ dagvyves xuT jgufad. dagviriges fur-

clebi, sad ac gamosaxuli iyo jvarosnuli laSqrobebis peri-

odis amsa xveli naxatebi da dokumentebi. Cveni pirveli dava-

leba iyo naxatebis dakavSireba wyaroebTan da dokumentebTan,

xolo meore davaleba ki _ am wyaroebis qronologiurad

dawyoba. pre zentatorma aRniSna, rom am Temas sami gakveTili

unda daTmoboda, aqedan ori gakveTili uSualod istoriu-

li masalebis gacnobas, xolo erTi gakveTili aseTi tipis

gakveTilis Catarebas.

leqcia q. naimexenis redbaumis universitetSi

74

guli damwyda, rom Cvens realobaSi am tipis gakveTilebi

TiTqmis ar tardeba da saerTod, istoriis gakveTilebis mod-

elebi sakmaod mwiri gvaqvs. vfiqrob, es gamowveulia CvenSi

istoriis swavlebis meTodikis, rogorc sagnis, ararsebobiT.

es garemoeba mniSvnelovnad asustebs da akninebs Cveni pedago-

gebis profesiuli daostatebis perspeqtivas. marTalia, gana-

Tlebis saministros trenerebi bevrs muSaoben swavlebisadmi

axali midgomebis danergvis TvalsazrisiT, magram es saqmianoba

gaTvlilia zogadadYyvela pedagogze da aqedan gamomdinare,

istoriis sagnisa da istoriis maswavleblis Taviseburebebs

TiTqmis ar iTvaliswinebs.

24 marts monawileebi daviyaviT jgufebad da vewvieT sx-

vadasxva skolebsa da institutebs. me aRmovCndi erT-erT sa-

Sualo skolaSi, sadac daveswari istoriis gakveTils meSvide

klasSi. moswavleebs momzadebuli hqondaT Temebi ebraelTa

holokostis Sesaxeb. Zalian momewona Tanamedrove te q no lo-

giebis gamoyeneba gakveT ilis

msvlelobisas – foto-ma-

salis Cveneba interaqtiur

dafebze da wyaroebis moZie-

ba internetis saSualebiT.

yvela moswavles individu-

alurad hqonda mom zadebuli

mravalferovani masala. es

iyo kargad organizebuli

da mo ukidebeli muSaobis ga-

mo cd ileba bavSvebisaTvis.

isi ni TviTon Seecadnen, moe-

Zieb i naT Sesaferisi wyaroebi,

rac SemdegSi argumentirebu-

li daskvnebis gasakeTeblad

gamoadgebodaT. Ees viziti,

istorikosi N1 2011

gakveTili me-7 klasSi q. naimexenis

saSualo skolaSi

75

marTlac, araCveulebrivi saSualeba iyo, gavc nobodi holan-

diis skolebSi istoriis swavlebis uaxles me To debs.

imave dRes Catarda paraleluri vorkSopebi Temebze: ,,rom-

eli pirovneba an movlena aris ufro mniSvnelovani holan-

diuri demokratiis ganviTarebisTvis?“. ,,inter-komunaluri

kon f liqtebis istoriis swavlebis strategiebi“, ,,pirveli

cifruli biblioTeka evropuli integraciis istoriaSi“, ,,ev-

ropel karikaturistTa mier danaxuli evropa“.

Zalzed saintereso iyo mravalferovani Temebis ganxilva

istoriis swavlebaSi, raSic monawileobas iRebdnen am fo-

rumze evropis sxvadasxva qveynebidan Camosuli istoriis mkv-

levarebi da istoriis maswavleblebi. marTlac, sasargebloa

amgvar SexvedrebSi monawileoba, radgan aq Tavs iyrian evropis

masStabiT yvelaze warmatebuli da saintereso adamianebi. isi-

arqeologiuri park-muzeumi q. santenSi (germania)

76

ni TavianTi maRali profesionalizmiT emsaxurebian saskolo

istoriul ganaTlebas.

Semdegi dRe eqskursiebs daeTmo. monawileebi wagviyv anes

ge r maniis or qalaqSi – santensa da kalkarSi.

kalkari Suasaukuneebis qalaqia, koxta saxlebiT, eklesiebi-

Ta da muzeumebiT. aq SegiZlia datkbe CrdiloeTis evropuli

qalaqis silamaziT.

q. santenSi arqeologiuri park-muzeumi davaTvaliereT. es

iyo romis imperiis germanuli provincia, romelic muzeumad

aris gadaqceuli da ZiriTadad skolis moswavleebzea gaTv-

lili. iq maT SesaZlebloba eZlevaT xeliT Seexon romaelTa

iaraRs, samoss, gaiTamaSon imdroindeli scenebi.Eesec Tavise-

buri skola iyo CvenTvis, vinaidan amgvari aqtivobebi Cveni

mos wa vleebisaTvis, samwuxarod, ar arsebobs. vimedovnebT, rom

momavalSi Cveni bavSvebic SeZleben aseTi xerxebiT gaicnon

isto riuli epoqebi.

26 martis dila kvlav moxsenebebiT daiwyo. gamomsvleleb-

ma warmoadgines Semdegi Temebi: ,,istoria multikulturul

klasebSi“, ,,kulturuli ganaTleba maswavlebelTa gadamza-

debisaTvis dawyebiT skolebSi“, ,,avstraliis erovnuli kuri-

kulumi“ da ,,holokostis gakveTilebi ukrainaSi“. kvlav minda

aqcenti gavakeTo prezentaciebis maRal doneze, informaci-

ulobaze, SemoqmedebiTobaze, rac zogadad damaxasiaTebelia ev-

roklios yvela aqtivobisaTvis.

27 marti, Cveni saqmiani mogzaurobis bolo dRe, q. naimexenis

liberaciisa da samxedro-istoriul muzeumebSi vizitebs dae-

Tmo, sadac meore msoflio omisadmi miZRvnili mravalferovani

masalebia daculi. saocaria is garemoeba, rom eqspozicia

mTlianad warmodgenilia mulaJebiT, video-rgolebiT, xmovani

Canawerebis efeqtebiTa da videofilmebiT, rac mnaxvels namd-

vilad meore msoflio omis viTarebas aRaqmevinebs da droebiT

im saSinel periodsac ganacdevinebs. amas emateba saskolo is-

toriuli ganaTlebisaTvis eqspoziciis didaqtikuri masalebi,

rac Cveuli movlenaa aseTi tipis muzeumebisaTvis dasavleTSi.

istorikosi N1 2011

77

Cveni evropeli kolegebis samuSao pirobebiT aRfrTovaneb-

ulebi da emociebiT datvirTulebi vemSidobebodiT holan-

dia-germanias momavali Sexvedrisa da TanamSromlobis imediT.

didi madloba evroklios, mis aRmasrulebel direqtors qal-

baton ioke van der leu-roords aseTi saintereso da sasarge-

blo gamocdilebis gaziarebisaTvis.P

minaweri: Tavisuflad SeiZleboda am werilis saTauri ase-

Ti yofiliyo ,,oTxi qarTveli alisa saocrebaTa qveyanaSi“.

ioke van der leu-roordi, Sorena xecuriani, nino Ciqovani da cira CikvaiZe

78

nacionalisturi narativi da

interkulturuli istoria axal qarTul

saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebSi

dasavluri meTodologiuri rekomendaciebi da

maTi adgilobrivi implementacia implementacia

TiTqmis oci welia, rac saqarTveloSi, sxvadasxva intensi-

vobiT mimdinareobs saganmanaTleblo sistemis reformirebis

procesi. am xnis ganmavlobaSi, araerTgzis ucdiaT erovnuli

istoriuli narativis gadafaseba da Secvla sxvadasxva saer-

TaSoriso organizaciebidan Tu dasavluri institutebidan

momdinare rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT, erTi umniSvnelo-

vanesi sakiTxis Taobaze: rogor unda daiweros `marTebulad~

erovnuli istoria axlad dafuZnebul saxelmwifoSi, romelic

sakuTar momavals dasavleTTan integraciaSi xedavs.

zogadi politikuri miznebisken mimaval gzaze gansakuTre-

bul mniSvnelobas iZens istoriis swavleba skolaSi, Tu ga-

viTvaliswinebT am sagnis gadamwyvet mniSvnelobas axali Tao-

bis identobisa (socialuri, erovnuli) da faseulobaTa sis-

temis CamoyalibebisTvis, Taobisa, romelsac savaraudod mou-

wevs am sanukvar momavalSi cxovreba.

istoriis Tanamedrove Teoria da didaqtika sayovelTa-

od aRiarebs warsulis, awmyosa da momavlis urTierTkavSi-

nino kiRuraZe

iv. javaxiSvilis sax.

Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis

asocirebuli profesori

mecniereba da ganaTleba

79

ris gagebas. istoriis didaqtikis saxelmZRvanelos erT-er-

Ti cnobli germanuli gamocema ganmartavs, rom `nebismier si-

namdvileSi awmyo, warsuli da momavali, rogorc gamocdileba

da molodinebi, ganuyofladaa urTierTdakavSirebuli. vinaidan

istorikoss saqme aqvs sxvadasxva warsul sinamdvilesTan, mo-

mavali, dakavSirebuli am gansxvavebul istoriul sinamdviles-

Tan, misTvis istoriografiul problemas warmoadgens. am vi-

Tarebis arss gamoxatavs cneba `warsuli momavali~ (kozele-

ki, 1979). warsuli momavlis, rogorc istoriuli problemis

kvleva dakavebulia ara momxdariT, romelic istoriul sinam-

dviles mosdevs droSi, rac, Tavis mxriv, isev istoriuli si-

namdvile iqneboda, aramed imiT, rasac moelian da SiSoben is-

toriul sinamdvileSi mcxovrebi adamianebi~.1 amasTanave, moma-

vali ganixileba rogorc Semecnebis warmmarTveli kategoria:

`istoriis dawera SesaZlebelia mxolod momavlidan gamomdi-

nare, romelic Cvens anticipirebul rwmenas warmoadgens, mxo-

lod iqedan gamomdinare, rac jer ar arsebobs, magram rasac

moveliT da rasac vufrTxiT~.2

istoriis Tanamedrove TeoriisTvis warsuli movlenebis

erToblioba mxolod maSin iqceva istoriad, roca is erT

gansazRvrul Tvisebas SeiZens: kavSirs warsulisa awmyosTan.

istorikosebi TavianTi saqmianobiT gansakuTrebul istoriul

sazriss aniWeben warsuls, imyofebian ra amave dros maTi

Tanamedrove sazogadoebis problemebis zegavlenis qveS.3 aseve,

istoriis didaqtikis TvalsazrisiTac, istoriuli codna, es

upirveles yovlisa, orientaciis momcemi codnaa, romlis Se-

Zenasac praqtikuli mizani aqvs, kerZod, awmyosa da momavalSi

gonivruli qmedebisa da momavlis proeqtis racionaluri ar-

Cevnis uzrunvelyofa.

magram, Tuki istoriis awmyosa da momavalTan mimarTebis ka-

1 Bergmann K., Fröhlich K., Kuhn A., Rüsen J., Schneider J. (Hrsg.). Handbuch der Geschichstdidaktik. 5. Aufl . Hannover, 1997. gv. 12.

2 iqve, gv. 13.

3 Rüsen J. (Ed.) Meaning and Representation in History. Berghahn Books, 2007. gv. 9; Bergmann K. ... dasax. naSr., gv. 45, 250.

80

tegoriebi, rogorc istoriuli mecnieruli azrovnebis kate-

goriebi udavoa da Sesabamisad, absoluturad legitimuri, igi-

ve kategoriebi SesaZloa metad sakamaTo aRmoCndes sazoga-

doebriv-politikuri TvalsazrisiT. kerZod, gamoiTqmis xol-

me safuZvliani eWvebi imis Taobaze, rom awmyosa da momaval-

Tan kavSirSi myofi istoria SesaZlebelia iqces tendenciu-

rad funqcionalizebul da ideologizebul istoriad. swo-

red aq iqmneba mTavari problema. istoriis swavleba zogadsa-

ganmanaTleblo skolaSi xom aramxolod samecniero-didaqti-

kuri sakiTxia, aramed sazogadoebriv-politikuri saqmec. Sesa-

bamisad, esaa sakiTxi, romelic metad faqiz da gaazrebul mi-

dgomas moiTxovs. gasagebia agreTve am sakiTxis mimarT gansa-

kuTrebiT didi interesi saxelmwifos, sxvadasxva saerTaSo-

riso organizaciebisa da arasamTavrobo instituciebis mxri-

dan. saqarTveloSi am TavisTavad rTuli problemis gadawyve-

ta Wirs damatebiT imis gamoc, rom arcTu ise mkafiodaa gamok-

veTili mizani, anu, bundovania momavlis monaxazi. kerZod, erTi

mxriv, qarTulma saxelmwifom sruliad garkveviT gamoacxada

qarTuli sazogadoebis ganviTarebis kursi dasavluri nimuSis

mixedviT. es deklarirebuli gezi, Tavis mxriv, gulisxmobs da-

savluri faseulobebis damkvidrebas, samarTlebrivi saxelmwi-

fos mSeneblobas, demokratiis ganviTarebas, adamianis ufleba-

Ta dacvasa da sazogadoebis keTildReobaze zrunvas. magram

meore mxriv, araTanmimdevrulia am mizanTan misaaxloeblad ga-

dadgmuli nabijebi.

es mdgomareoba pirdapir aisaxeba istoriis axal qarTul

reformirebul saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebSi. saxelmZRvanelo

xom zogadi socio-kulturuli garemos reprezentaciis erT

-erTi formaTagania. Sesabamisad, is SesaZloa metis mTqmeli

iyos qarTuli sazogadoebis Tanamedrove mdgomareobaze, vidre

saqarTvelos istoriul warsulze. bevri maTganis teqsti axa-

li, `vardisferi~ ideologiis monuments warmoadgens. mTavari

`mesiji~, romelic egzavneba qarTul sazogadoebas saxelmZRva -

nelos furclebidan da romelSic mkafiod ikveTeba qarTu-

istorikosi N1 2011

81

li saxelmwifos xma, Semdegnairad ikiTxeba: qarTvelebis axali

Taoba dasavluri kulturis konteqstSi unda `gadaityorc-

nos~, mTlianad unda amoiSalos koleqtiuri istoriuli mex-

sierebidan sabWoTa socio-kulturuli memkvidreoba. am Ziri-

Tadi ideologiuri kursis gatarebas axal saxelmZRvaneloeb-

Si xSirad Tan axlavs Tanamedrove procesebisa (mag.: globali-

zaciis) Tu dasavluri faseulobebis arasrulfasovani gageba.

sxvaTa Soris, ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi, amgvarma umwifrobam saq-

misadmi damokidebulebaSi, dasavluri faseulobebis diskredi-

taciac ki gamoiwvia Tanamedrove qarTuli sazogadoebis cno-

bierebaSi. aqve samwuxarod unda aRiniSnos, rom zogierTi sa-

xelmZRvanelo, dominik la kaprasgan nasesxebi sityvebiT rom

SevafasoT, antiinteleqtualizmis zRvarze imyofeba.

amrigad, dasavluri da qarTuli zogadsaganmaTleblo sis-

temebis, maT Soris, saskolo swavlebis saxelmwifo stan-

dartebis (erovnuli saswavlo gegma), dagegmili `Tiuningis~

nacvlad, Sedegad miviReT is, rom axali Taobis qarTul isto-

riis saxelmZRvaneloTa umetesoba araTu dauaxlovda, aramed

piriqiT, daSorda dasavlur rekomendaciebs, ascda maT mier da-

saxul gezss.

mainc ras urCevda dasavleTi saqarTvelos `warsulis da-

saZlevad~, tolerantobis aRsazrdelad da ra saxiT moxda am

rCevebis implementireba axal qarTul istoriis saxelmZRva-

neloebSi?

am SekiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad Tavdapirvelad saWiroa ga-

movkveToT sxvadasxva dasavlur dokumentebSi mocemuli fu-

Zemdebluri Tezisebi. aseve, aucilebelia moviyvanoT saxasia-

To magaliTebi qarTuli saxelmZRvaneloebidan, rogorc pozi-

tiuri, ise negatiuri, romlebic metyveleben dasavluri do-

kumentebis ZiriTadi debulebebis implementaciis adekvaturo-

bis xarisxze.

dasavleli eqspertebi yvelaze xSirad akritikebdnen sa-

bWoTa saxelmZRvaneloebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel Semdeg niSan -

Tvisebebs:

82

• gadaWarbebuli ideologizirebuloba (aRsaniSnavia, rom es

xarvezi, yvelaze advilad aRmosafxvreli, daZleul iqna

ganaTlebis reformis pirvel etapze. pirveli Taobis sa-

xelmZRvaneloebi gaTavisuflda sabWoTa ideologiisagan);

• codnis gadmocemis xerxi;

• politikuri da saxelmwifoebriobis istoriis dominireba

saswavlo programebSi (nacionalisturi narativi nawilo-

briv, Tumca arasakmarisad, gadaixeda meore Taobis saxelm-

ZRvaneloebSi);

• yuradRebis koncentrireba upiratesad movlenebsa da pi-

rovnebebze;

• istoriis swavlebis ageba ZiriTadad erovnuli istoriis

qronologiasa da Sinaarsze;

• erovnuli istoriis gadmocema ZiriTadi erovnuli jgu-

fis, rogorc kulturulad da lingvisturad dominanti

sazogadoebrivi jgufis gadmosaxedidan, saerTo-erovnuli

istoriis am dominanti jgufis istoriasTan gaigiveba (eT-

nocentrizmi).

dasavleli eqspertebi dabejiTebiT gvirCevdnen agreTve

gavTavisuflebuliyaviT axlad warmoqmnili saxelmwifoebis

erovnuli istoriuli narativisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli miTebi-

sagan. ZiriTadad gamoyofdnen oTxi saxis miTs (aleida asmanis

klasifikaciiT)1: miTi warmomavlobis Sesaxeb (rogorc wesi,

gansakuTrebuli, keTilSobili warmomavlobisa), miTi rCeulo-

bisa da gansakuTrebuli misiis Sesaxeb, miTi mravaltanju-

lobisa da usamarTlo Zaladobis msxverplad yofnis Sesa-

xeb (viqtimizacia, miTi, romelic moraluri upiratesobis gan-

cdas qmnis) da `oqros xanis~ miTi. imis dasadastureblad ki,

rom SesaZlebelia Serigebis miRweva odesRac dapirispire-

bul mxareebs Soris, istoriis swavlebis marTebuli meTodis

SerCeviT, dasavleli eqspertebi xSirad iSvelieben xolme me-

ore msoflio omis Semdgomi evropis gamocdilebas `warsu-

1 Assmann, Aleida. Checklist for the Georgian National Narrative. White Paper Prepared for the Georgian Ministry of Education. Based on the Working Meeting „Negotiating a New National Narrative in Georgia“. Bellagio, August 2005. gv. 5-7.

istorikosi N1 2011

83

lis gadalaxvis~ saqmeSi. kerZod, mohyavT germanul-franguli

da germanul-polonuri istoriis saxelmZRvaneloebis Seqmnis

warmatebiT ganxorcielebuli proeqtebis magaliTebi (ukanask-

neli proeqtis warmateba ukavSirdeba vili brandtis aRmosa-

vleTis politikas).

istoriis swavlebis dasavlur rekomendaciebSi mniSvnelo-

vani adgili eTmoba agreTve tolerantobis aRzrdis auci-

leblobas postkonfliqtur da TviT konfliqtis mdgomare-

obaSi myof regionebSic ki. am rekomendaciebSi miznis miRwe-

vis meTodologiur xerxad interkulturuli istoriis swa-

vleba da multiperspeqtiuloba saxeldeba. ukanasknelma, Ta-

vis mxriv, xeli unda Seuwyos kritikuli azrovnebis Camoya-

libeba-ganviTarebas.

ra aris multiperspeqtiuloba? yvelaze martivi ganmar-

teba ekuTvnis ana lou-birs: multiperspeqtiuloba esaa `is-

toriul movlenebSi garkveva sxvadasxva gadmosaxedidan (per-

speqtividan)~1 (maT Soris sxvadasxva socialuri, eTnikuri

Tu genderuli jgufebis poziciidan). multiperspeqtiulo-

ba niSnavs agreTve Tezisis gaziarebas, rom arsebobs sakuTa-

ri msofl mxedvelobisgan gansxvavebuli sxva warmodgenebic

da rom isini imdenadve marTlzomieri da unikaluria, rogorc

sa kuTari. multiperspeqtiuloba esaa survili `sxvis tyavSi

CaZromis~, samyaros sxvisi TvalebiT danaxvisa da `ucxos~ em-

fatikuri gagebis.

rogor iqna aRqmuli multiperspeqtiuloba qarTvel re-

formatorTa mier? magaliTad, erT-erTi qarTveli eqsperti,

renomirebuli rogorc ,,Western trained“, multiperspeqtiul

midgomas miiCnevs istoriis axali saxelmZRvaneloebis umniS-

vnelovanes miRwevad da maT upiratesobad Zvel saxelmZRvane-

loebTan SedarebiT. magram, amis dasadastureblad mohyavs ru-

tinuli magaliTi, romelic asaxulia istoriis yvela qarTul

saxelmZRvaneloSi im droidan moyolebuli, rac qarTvelma is-

torikosebma aiTvises jer kidev XIX saukuneSi damkvidrebuli

1 cit.: Страдлинг, Роберт. Многоперспeктивный подход в преподавании истории. Пособие для учителей. Страсбург, 2003, gv. 7.

84

wyaroebis kritikis meTodi. kerZod, saubaria oTx sayovelTa-

od cnobil wyaroze didgoris brZolis Sesaxeb.1 vfiqrob, aq

zedmetia imis ganmarteba, Tu ratom ver gamodgeba es magali-

Ti multiperspeqtiuli midgomis nimuSad.

meore xerxi, romelic SemoTavazebulia dasavlur rekomen-

daciebSi tolerantobis aRsazrdelad da Serigebis misaRwevad,

aris interkulturuli istoriis swavleba. rogor SeiZleba

aviciloT Tavidan nacionalisturi midrekilebebi erovnul

istoriul narativSi, saxelmwifo saswavlo standartebSi in-

terkulturuli istoriis CarTviT?2

evropis sabWos mier miRebuli erT-erTi dokumenti amis

Sesaxeb ambobs: `XXI saukuneSi istoriis swavlebis Taobaze

ministrTa sabWos rekomendaciaSi (2001 wlisa) xazgasmulia

informaciis kritikuli analizisa da interpretaciis inte-

leqtualuri unaris ganviTarebis aucilebloba moswavleebSi,

aseve maTSi pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis aRzrda dialogis, is-

toriuli mtkicebulebebis moZiebisa da winaaRmdegobriv da

mgZr nobiare sakiTxebze multiperspeqtiulobaze dafuZnebu-

li Ria debatebis gziT. istoriis swavlebas aqvs instrumen-

tuli funqcia holokostis, genocidisa da adamianurobis wi-

naSe Cadenil sxva danaSaulebaTa, eTnikuri wmendisa Tu adamia-

nis uflebebis masobrivi darRvevis ganmeorebis an gadafasebis

1HHistory Teaching in Georgia: Representation of Minorities in Georgian History Textbooks. CIMERA. Jeneva, 2007. gv. 13.

2 Tavis droze msgavsi problemis winaSe aRmoCnda SeerTebuli State-

bic. 1995 wels, los-anjelesSi, kaliforniis skolebsa da universiteteb-

Si istoriis swavlebis nacionaluri centris mier miRebul iqna aSS-is da

msoflio istoriis swavlebis nacionaluri (saxelmwifo) standarti. es

dokumenti uars ambobda unificirebuli eris cnebaze da aqcents akeTebda

eTnikuri kulturebis pluralizmze, umciresobaTa da qalebis rolze isto-

riaSi, aseve yuradRebas amaxvilebda midgomaze, romelic globaluri inter-

kulturuli Sedarebebis SesaZleblobas iZleoda. axali standartebi kon-

servatulad ganwyobil istorikosTa mwvave kritikis obieqtad iqca. SemTx-

veviTi araa, rom axali standartebis kritikosTa Soris erT-erTi yvelaze

radikaluri iyo humanitarul mecnierebaTa xelSewyobis nacionaluri fon-

dis Tavmjdomare lin Ceini, aSS-is yofili vice-prezidentis, riCard Ceinis

meuRle (Iggers G.G. and Wang Q.T. (Eds). A Global History of Modern Historiogra-phy. UK, Pearson Education Ltd., 2008. gv. 380).

istorikosi N1 2011

85

prevenciis saqmeSi. istoriis swavleba warmoadgens warsulis

Wrilobebis moSuSebisa da im fundamenturi faseulobebis po-

pularizaciis umniSvnelovanes instruments, romlebsac ganu-

xrelad icavs evropis sabWo.

istoriis swavleba ganmsazRvrel faqtors warmoadgens Se-

rigebis, adamianebs Soris urTierTgagebisa da urTierTndobis

miRwevis saqmeSi. istoriis swavlebas demokratiul evropaSi

unda ekavos mniSvnelovani adgili pasuxismgeblobis grZnobiT

aRsavse da aqtiuri moqalaqeebis aRzrdis saqmeSi, agreTve ne-

bismieri gansxvavebis mimarT erovnuli identobis gagebasa da

tolerantobis principebze dafuZnebuli pativiscemis grZno-

bis Camoyalibebis procesSi.

istoriis swavleba ar unda iyos ideologiuri manipuli-

rebis, propagandis instrumenti an gamoiyenebodes ultranaci-

onalisturi, qsenofoburi, rasistuli Tu antisemituri idee-

bis gasavrceleblad ...

istoriis swavlebam xeli unda Seuwyos winaswarganwyobi-

sa da stereotipebis daZlevas saswavlo programebSi (kur-

sebSi) sxvadasxva qveynebis, gansxvavebuli religiebisa da fi-

losofiuri skolebis (evropuli) pozitiuri urTierTgavle-

nis asaxvis gziT, aseve, istoriis borotad gamoyenebis (fal-

sifikacia ideologiuri miznebiT) sakiTxis kritikulad Ses-

wavlis gziT~.1

evropis sabWos saparlamento asambleam da adamianis ufle-

baTa evropulma sasamarTlom moiwones es dokumenti. isto-

riis swavlebis prioritetul mimarTulebebad, romelTac meti

yuradReba unda daeTmos saskolo programebSi, gamoiyo reli-

giuri sakiTxebi, interkulturuli istoria da aseve, arafor-

maluri swavleba.2

ramdenadaa gaTvaliswinebuli evropis sabWos rekomenda-

ciebi meore Taobis qarTul reformirebul saxelmZRvaneloeb-

Si (`vardebis revoluciis~ Semdeg SemuSavebuli axali saxel-

1MMinisters’ Deputies CM Documents. 118th Session of the Committee of Minis-ters (Strasbourg, 7 May 2008). White Paper on Intercultural Dialogue. gv. 16.

2 iqve, gv. 17.

86

mwifo standartebis safuZvelze Seqmnil saxelmZRvaneloebSi)

da rogor pasuxoben isini XXI saukuneSi istoriis swavle-

bis Taobaze ministrTa komitetis rekomendaciaSi wamoyenebul

mniSvnelovan sakiTxs `winaaRmdegobrivi da mgrZnobiare~ saki-

Txebisadmi istoriul-didaqtikuri midgomis Sesaxeb?

meore Taobis istoriis qarTul saxelmZRvaneloebSi moi-

Zebneba am problemebis rogorc swori, ise araswori gadawyve-

tis magaliTebi.

negatiur magaliTad SeiZleba CaiTvalos upirveles yo-

vlisa is, rom saxelmZRvaneloebi amgvar problematur sa-

kiTxebs ki ar arkveven, aramed arc ki svamen gansaxilvelad.

am rigis sakiTxebi ubralod gamqralia saxelmZRvaneloebi-

dan. magaliTad, erT-erT saxelmZRvaneloSi saerTod arafe-

ria naTqvami sabWoTa kulturaze, sabWoTa sazogadoebis cxo-

vrebis wesze an bolosdabolos disidentebze mainc. amis na-

cvlad is gvTavazobs ekleqturad SerCeul informacias miRe-

buls, ZiriTadad arcTu ise sando eleqtronuli resursebidan

da maT safuZvelze TavSi `Tanamedrove sazogadoeba~ mogvi-

Txrobs mxoloddamxolod bitnikebze, pankebze, metalistebze

da a.S.1 mar Tlac rom `Tineijeruli~ midgomaa! aqve unda Sev-

niSnoT, rom es Tavi aseve arafris mTqmelia, damabnevelic ki,

Tanamedrove dasavluri sazogadoebis gagebis msurvelTaTvis.

Tuki es SeiZleba aRqmul iqnas `travmatuli warsulis

daZlevis~ gzis Ziebad, rac TavisTavad Znelad warmosadgenia,

maSin am gzebis maZieblebisTvis umjobesi iqneboda isev da-

savluri rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT, miemarTaT germaniis

magaliTisTvis, sadac saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebSi weren ro-

gorc nacisturi reJimis danaSaulebebis, ise qveynis SigniT

reJimisTvis gaweuli winaaRmdegobis Sesaxeb.

1 samagierod, imave saxelmZRvaneloSi Seusabamod da gaumarTleblad

didi adgili eTmoba afrikis istorias. erTaderTi axsna, romelic am ukanas-

knel faqts SeiZleba moeZebnos aris is, rom afrikis istoriis esoden far-

Tod gaSuqebis idea, rogorc Cans, nasazrdoebia romeliRac britanuli sa-

xelmZRvanelodan, sadac saswavlo programaSi britaneTis yofili koloni-

uri samflobeloebis istoriis CarTviT ucdiaT interkulturuli swavle-

bis sakiTxis gadawyveta.

istorikosi N1 2011

87

imave saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemulia kategoriulad cal-

mxrivi Sefaseba samoqalaqo omisa, romelic saqarTvelom gada-

itana uaxloes warsulSi. erTi fraziT, _ ̀ opoziciam rusuli

armiis daxmarebiT daamxo kanonieri mTavroba~, saxelmZRvanelo

ar utovebs moswavleebs mcired Sanssac ki gaerkvan qarTuli

sazogadoebis mTavar dramaSi, romlis Sedegebsac mtkivneulad

ganicdian Tavad dRevandeli moswavleebi. igive damokidebule-

ba mJRavndeba eTnokonfliqtebis mimarTac. afxazebi da osebi

iwodebian mxoloddamxolod eqstremistebad, Tumca iqve moce-

mulia saSinao davaleba Temaze: ̀ tolerantoba _ mSvidobis ga-

rantia~ da `Tanaarsebobis realuri gza~. rogorc Cans, es da-

savleli eqspertebisTvis gadaxdili erTgvari xarkia.

magram axali Taobis saxelmZRvaneloebSi moxda pozitiuri

cvlilebebic tolerantobis aRzrdisa da istoriis swavleba-

Si interkulturulobis Semotanis mxriv. magaliTad, erT -erT

maTganSi tolerantobis sakiTxi ganixileba Zveli imperiebis

magaliTze, didi yuradReba eTmoba islamsa da islamur kul-

turas. iqve Tematizirebulia Tbilisis saqalaqo cxovreba,

romelic naCvenebia istoriul ganviTarebaSi Tbilisis saami-

rodan moyolebuli (ukanaskneli Tema gansakuTrebiT Sedegi s

momtania zemoT aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT) da es mxolod ram-

denime magaliTia.

dabolos, daskvnis saxiT, gvinda gamovkveToT ZiriTadi mo-

sazrebebi mTavar sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, _ rogor mivaRwioT

Serigebasa da tolerantuli damokidebulebis Camoyalibebas

da ra rols TamaSobs am saqmeSi istoriis swavleba skolaSi.

1. aucilebelia mkafiod gamokveTili miznis, momavlis mona-

xazis arseboba, radgan mxolod am miznidan gamomdinare SeiZle-

ba istoriis wera da misi swavlebis strategiis SemuSaveba;

2. Tuki mizani marTlac naTladaa gansazRvruli, maSin prob-

lemis gadaWris xerxi SeiZleba iyos multiperspeqtiuli mi-

dgomisa da interkulturuli istoriis swavlebis danergva;

3. rac mTavaria, dauSvebelia mwvave sakiTxebisTvis gver-

dis avla da piriqiT, aucilebelia yvela `winaaRmdegobrivi da

88

mgrZnobiare sakiTxis~ ganxilva racionalurad argumentire-

buli debatebis gziT da mozard TaobaSi am sakiTxebisadmi sa-

kuTari damokidebulebis Camoyalibebis xelSewyoba.

gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. Assmann, A. Checklist for the Georgian National Narrative. Whi-te Paper Prepared for the Georgian Ministry of Education. Based on the Working Meeting „Negotiating a New National Narrative in Georgia“. Bellagio, August 2005.

2. Ergmann K., Fröhlich K., Kuhn A., Rüsen J., Schneider J. (Hrsg.). Handbuch der Geschichstdidaktik. 5. Aufl . Hannover, 1997.

3. History Teaching in Georgia: Representation of Minorities in Georgian History Textbooks. CIMERA. Geneva, 2007.

4. Iggers G.G. and Wang Q.T. (Eds). A Global History of Modern Historiography. UK, Pearson Education Ltd., 2008.

5. Ministers’ Deputies CM Documents. 118th Session of the Com-mittee of Ministers (Strasbourg, 7 May 2008). White Paper on In-tercultural Dialogue.

6. Rüsen J. (Ed.) Meaning and Representation in History. Berghahn Books, 2007.

7. Страдлинг, Роберт. Многоперспeктивный подход в препо-давании истории. Пособие для учителей. Страсбург, 2003.

istorikosi N1 2011

89

saistorio kvlevis ganviTareba

saqarTveloSi – ra aris saWiro

(seminaris mokle mimoxilva)

ilias saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetSi 2010 wlis 26

aprils Catarda samuSao Sexvedra Temaze: saistorio kvlevis

ganviTareba saqarTveloSi – ra aris saWiro? seminars araerTi

dargis specialisti eswreboda. maT Soris iyvnen, rogorc

ucxo elebi, aseve adgilobrivi umaRlesi ganaTlebis centrebis

warmomadgenlebi: ilias saxelmwifo universitetidan, iv. ja-

vaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisi saxelmwifo universitetidan

da a.S.

seminari Catarda Sveicaria-kavkasiis akademiuri qselis –

AAACADEMIC SWISS CAUCASUS NET (ASCN) egidiT. aRniS-nuli programis koordinatori gaxldaT denis dafloni, baze-

lis (Sveicaria) universitets warmoadgenda doqtori jeronim

peroviCi, xolo ilias saxelmwifo universitets – prof. giga

zedania.

proeqtis mizani qarTuli istoriografiis ZiriTadi ten-

denciebis gansazRvra da specifikur problemebze msjelo-

ba iyo. ganixileboda saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis roli,

aRniSnuli problemebis ganxilvasa da gadaWraSi. seminaris

saerTaSoriso formatis gaTvaliswinebiT, ZiriTadi samuSao

ena iyo inglisuri, aseve rig SemTxvevebSi, rusuli.

leri TavaZe

istoriis magistri,

iv. javaxiSvilis sax.

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

90

sxdoma gaxsna doqtorma oliver raisnerma, romelmac isau-

bra saqarTveloSi Tanamedrove istoriuli mecnierebis ganvi-

Tarebaze da am dargis Camoyalibebaze, romelSic didi roli

ivane javaxiSvilma iTamaSa. swored javaxiSvilis saxels uka-

vSirdeba saqarTveloSi nacionaluri istoriis kvleva, romlis

fuZemdebladac raisners aRniSnuli mkvlevari miaCnia. sabWoTa

periodis saqarTveloSi nacionalur istorias marqsistuli

ideologiiT gajerebuli istoria upirispirdeba. sabolood,

saqarTveloSi nacionaluri istoriis kvlevis tendencia imar-

jvebs, xolo yvela is Tvisebrivi miRwevebi, romelic am xnis

ganmavlobaSi hqonda evropul istoriografias, saqarTveloSi

ar dainerga. raisnerma xazi gausva saqarTveloSi samecniero

kritikis naklebobas, rasac socialuri axsna mouZebna. kriti-

kis skolis faqtobrivad erTaderT warmomadgenlad is guram

yoranaSvils asaxelebs.

post-sabWouri istoriografiis kritikuli ganxilvis

mcde l oba warmogvidgina prof. giorgi anCabaZem. misi az-

riT, miuxedavad imisa, rom sabWoTa istoriografia mkacrad

iyo ideologizirebuli, is mainc axerxebda (antikuri da

Sua saukuneebis magaliTze) rig SemTxvevebSi Tavi daeRwia

mkacri SezRudvebisTvis da miukerZoebeli samecniero sti-

li daecva. misive TqmiT, amis gakeTeba TiTqmis SeuZlebeli

iyo me-19-20 ss. saqarTvelos istoriis werisas, ris gamoc

qarTul istoriografiaSi ufro antikuri da medievisti-

kis sakiTxebis kvleva ganviTarda, sadac warmatebebi mniS-

vnelovani iyo. momxseneblis azriT, me-19-20 ss. istorias

jerovani yuradReba Tanamedrove etapze mieqca da am kuTxiT

dResac bevri iqmneba.

Semdegi gamomsvleli iyo prof. beJan javaxia, medievis-

ti (bizantinologi) Tsu-dan. misi gamosvla bundovani iyo

leqsikuri da stilisturi TvalsazrisiT da exeboda dasav-

luri istoriografiaSi gavrcelebuli tendenciebis daner-

gvis aucileblobas saqarTveloSi. magaliTad moyvanili iyo

analebis skola.

istorikosi N1 2011

91

Tsu-s prof. Tedo dundua mokled Seexo im problemebs,

romlebic saqarTveloSi idga sabWoTa epoqaSi, daeTanxma ra

g. anCabaZis gamosvlas Tavis mxriv aRniSna, rom qarTuli

istoriografia, miuxedavad marqsistuli cenzurisa, yovel-

Tvis cdilobda saqarTvelos istoria saerTo evropul kon-

teqstSi ganexila. aRniSnulis magaliTi mravalia qarTul

antikur kvlevebsa Tu medievistikaSi. manve mianiSna im prob-

lemebze, romlebic dRemde aqtualuria qarTul istoriogra-

fiaSi. es ZiriTadad Seexeba msoflio istoriis kvlevas, ase

mag: miuxedavad bizantinologiis, rogorc damxmare dargis,

mniSvnelobisa saqarTvelos istoriis SeswavlaSi, am sferos

seriozulad mxolod filologebi ikvleven. es maSin, rode-

sac maT mier Targmnil wyaroebsa da specifikur masalas

Sesabamisi specialistebi (istorikosebi) aklia, raTa maTi

Seswavla safuZvlianad moxdes. T. dunduam xazi gausva im

dadebiT tendenciebs, rac gakeTda regionaluri integraci-

is sferoSi, sadac Savi zRvis auzis qveynebisTvis gamovida,

saxel mZRvanelo aRniSnuli sivrcis istoriisa da kultu-

ris Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso red. kolegiiTa da avtorobiT.

wigni SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc saxelmZRvanelo Savi

zRvis regionis SeswavliT dainteresebuli studentebisT-

vis. analogiuri saxelmZRvanelos idea kavkasiis regionisT-

vis Cavarda eTnikuri SuRlis niadagze.

momdevno gamomsvleli iyo Tsu-s prof. mariam CxartiSvili,

romelmac sainteresod warmoadgina sakuTari moxseneba sten-

duri saxiT. xazi gausva im problemebs, romelic Seqmnilia

qarTul akademiur wreebSi. misi TqmiT, Zveli droisgan gan-

sxvavebiT dRevandel etapze mwiria samecniero koordinacia

qveynis SigniT arsebul akademiur struqturebs Soris, rac

ar uwyobs xels mecnieruli kvlevebis jansaRad warmarT-

vas. man aseve wuxili gamoTqva, imis gamo, rom saqarTvelos

istoriisa da eTnologiis instituti da aseve sxva akademi-

uri dawesebulebebi arian pasiurni damkvidrebuli konceptua-

luri midgomebis gadaxedvis aspeqtiT. m. CxartiSvilma aseve

92

ganacxada, rom is awarmoebs erovnuli identobis kvlevebs,

riskenac gadadgmuli erT-erTi mniSvnelovani nabiji iyo en-

toni smitis monografiis Targmna. amave sakiTxebze gamoica

misi ramdenime monografiac, maT Soris erTi inglisurenovani.

problemis aqtualobisa da axali midgomebis damkvidrebis

mcdelobis miuxedavad, misi TqmiT nacionaluri identobis

kvlevebs Wirdeba meti finansuri da akademiuri mxardaWera

saqarTveloSi arsebuli samecniero jgufebisa Tu fondebis

mxridan.

Semdegi gamomsvleli iyo doqtori Tamila mgalobliSvili,

romelic Seexo Tanamedrove akademiuri tendenciebis ganxil-

vas istoriografiaSi. misi azriT, saWiroa met specifikur

codnaze orientirebuli swavlulebis momzadeba da empiriuli

Semecnebis gamravalferovneba akademiur wreebSi.

guram yifianis moxseneba mokled Seexo im ZiriTad prob-

lemebs, romelic qarTul istoriografias awuxebda sabWoTa

epoqaSi. is aseve daeTanxma sxva gamomsvlelebs sabWoTa isto-

riografiaSi gabatonebuli marqsistuli ideologiuri wnexis

Sesaxeb gamoTqmul SefasebebSi. aRniSnulis daZleva misi TqmiT,

SesaZlebeli gaxda mxolod ssrk-s daSlis Semdeg.

Tsu-s profesoris nino Ciqovanis gamosvlaSi xazi gaesva

komparativistuli kvlevebis aucileblobas saqarTveloSi,

romelic momxseneblis azriT naklebad gamoiyeneboda qa-

rTul istoriografiaSi, rogorc adre, aseve Tanamedrove

etapze. aRniSnulma gancxadebam mwvave kamaTic ki warmoqmna

seminaris monawileTa Soris. aRniSnulis komentirebisas T.

dunduam ganacxada, rom komparativistika anu SedarebiTi

analizis meTodi erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli kvlevis

formaa iyo qarTul istoriografiaSi. amas ar daeTanxma n.

Ciqovani, Tumca konkretuli magaliTebis moyvanisgan, Tu

romeli avtoris mecnierul naSromSi ar iqna gamoyenebuli

aRniSnuli meTodi, man Tavi Seikava – dasaxelda mxolod

saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi (rva tomi), romelic av-

torTa koleqtivis mier aris Seqmnili, moicavs mTlianad

istorikosi N1 2011

93

saqarTvelos istorias da ar SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc

samecniero kvleva.1

informaciis Tavisuflebis ganviTarebis institutis di-

reqtoris giorgi kldiaSvilis sityva Seexo arqivebis mdgo-

mareobas saqarTveloSi. momxseneblis azriT, qveyanaSi arsebu-

li arqivebis mZime mdgomareoba, misi gadarCenis perspeqtivebi

da daintereseba saarqivo saqmisadmi ganelebulia. es prob-

lema gadaWras saWiroebs. aRniSnulma Temam didi interesi

gamoiwvia da iqve aRiniSna, rom daintereseba saarqivo saqmis-

admi didia, Tumca es exeba, ZiriTadad feoda luri epoqisa da

me-19 da me-20 s. dasawyisis masalebs.

prof. nino kiRuraZem Tavis gamosvlaSi gamohyo qarTuli

istoriografiis zogadi problemebi da saqarTveloSi is-

toriis kvlevebisa da istoriis ganviTarebis xelSewyobis

ZiriTadi gzebi. man xazi gausva saerTaSoriso TanamSrom-

lobis aucileblobas istoriis Teoriisa da meTodologiis

dargSi, dasavluri istoriuli azrisa da istoriuli kvlevis

ZiriTadi mimarTulebebis qarTuli samecniero sazogadoebis-

Tvis ukeTesad gacnobis mizniT.

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom msgavsi seminarebis

gamarTva mowodebulia istoriis, rogorc mecnierebis, ganviTa-

rebis xelSewyobisa da axali ideebis danergvisken. migvaCnia,

rom adgilobrivi da ucxoeli mkvlevarebis amgvari profe-

siuli urTierTobebi mravali saintereso proeqtis dasabami

gaxdeba.

1 Cvenis mxriv unda SevniSnoT, rom saqarTvelos istoriis narkveve-

bi (rva tomi), warmoadgens im mecnierul kvlevebze dafuZnebul monogra-

fiaTa kompilacias, romlis mizanic iyo metnaklebad warmoeCina saqarTve-

los istoriis kvlevaSi miRweuli Sedegebis saerTo suraTi da ara uSua-

lod kvleva. amasTan pirvel oTx toms hqonda da dRemde (2010 weli) aqvs

erTgvari saxelmZRvanelos funqciac. Tumca aqve isic aRsaniSnavia, rom maga-

liTad narkvevebis pirvel tomSi (saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi. I tomi,

red. g. meliqiSvili, „sabWoTa saqarTvelo“, Tbilisi, 1970) wamodgenilia

samecniero kvlevac da gamoyenebulia komparativistuli meTodic (mag. akad.

giorgi meliqiSvilis avtorobiT Seqmnili statiebi).

94

saqarTvelosa da niderlandebis

urTierTobis saTaveebTan

saqarTvelos ur TierToba dasavleT evropis nebismier qvey-

anasTan sainteresoc aris da sasargebloc, magram unda iTqvas,

rom TviT es qveynebic sakmaod seriozulad arian daintereseb-

ulni CveniT. amis mizezia saqarTvelos ara marto geostrate-

giuli perspeqtiva, aramed saukuneebis siRrmidan momdinare

misi kulturac.

niderlandebi dasavleT evropis erTi patara saxelmwifoa.

misi teritoria farTobiT TiTqmis orjer Camouvardeba sa-

qar T velos, magram ekonomikuri ganviTarebis doniT msoflios

mowinave qveynebis rigSia. winamdebare publikacia swored am

saxelmwifosTan Cveni qveynis urTierTobebs warmoaCens.

holandiasa da saqarTvelos arasdros hqoniaT mWidro

politikuri, ekonomikuri Tu kulturuli urTierTobebi, Tum-

ca am or qveyanas Soris kontaqtebi saTaves jer kidev Soreul

istoriul warsulSi iRebs. am problemis kvlevisas uTuod

ver avuvliT gverds ruseTis pirveli imperatoris – petre

I-is ,,did elCobas~ dasavleT evropaSi. erTi SexedviT, es iyo

ruseTis axalgazrda, niWieri da energiuli mefis mcdeloba,

ziareboda dasavleT evropis kulturas da, rac mTavaria, mis

samecniero-teqnikur Tu teqnologiur miRwevebs, magram es

mxolod erTi SexedviT.

giorgi kiknaZe

istoriis doqtori,

Zveli msoflios istoriis

saxelmZRvanelos Tanaavtori

istorikosi N1 2011

95

cnobilia, rom petre I-s mraval TanamoazresTan erTad ev-

ropaSi Tan axlda aleqsandre arCilis Ze bagrationic. maT

megobrobasa da urTierTobaze bevri dawerila da Tqmula,

magram am SemTxvevaSi Cven erTi metad mniSvnelovani momenti

gvainteresebs aleqsandre batoniSvilis moRvaweobidan.

aleqsandre batoniSvili saartilerio saqmis Seswavlas

pet resTan erTad jer kidev 1797 w. maisidan Seudga kenigs-

bergSi, vice-polkovnikis Seiner fon Stenferldis xelmZRvan-

elobiT. agvistoSi ki am saqmis srulyofis mizniT, holandias

gaemgzavra. 31 agvistos petre Tavad Tevdore iuris Ze roma-

novisadmi gagzavnil baraTSi CamoTvlida ra, romeli volon-

teri sad da ra saqmeze iyo gamwesebuli, werda: ,,aleqsandre

arCilovi gaemgzavra haagas bombardirebis Sesaswavlad (1,200).

aleqsandre batoniSvilis moRvaweobidan naTlad Cans, rom

saartilerio saqmis Seswavla ar iyo misi erTaderTi mizani.

igi uwinares yovlisa, holandielebs gaecno, rogorc qarTveli

ufliswuli, rogorc saqarTvelos warmomadgeneli da cdi-

lobda politikuri urT i erTobebi daemyarebina maT Tan. mas

yuradReba, Turme, naci o naluri samosiTac miuqcevia, romelsac

evropelebi SecdomiT sparsuls uwodeb dnen (2, 100).

holandielebi moixsenieb dnen mas rogorc qarTvel Ta v ads

aleqsandre bagrati ons. igi didi pativiT sargeblobda holan-

diel didkacTa, komersantTa da mecni erTa wr e Si. cnobilma

zaand amelma nego ciantma mienert arendezoon bliumma, qarT-

vel ufliswuls, zaandamSi yofnisas, Tavisi mdidruli sasax-

le dauTmo vrceli xexilis baRiT. amasTan, bliumi marTavda

wveulebebs gamoCenili stumrebis pativsacemad. aq qarTvel

ufliswuls gaecno cnobili holandieli mecnieri, amsterda-

mis burgomistri nikolo korneli vitzeni, romelic Semdeg

ramdenjerme estumra aleqsandres Sin. isini didxans esaubre-

bodnen erTmaneTs saqarTvelosa da CerqezeTis ambebze. aqve

unda aRiniSnos isic, rom swored am pirovnebis didi zrunviTa

da mecadineobiT, mefe arCilis SekveTis safuZvelze Camoasxes

aq erT-erTi pirveli qarTuli Srifti.

96

rogorc holandielebi irwmunebian, princi aleqsandre

bagrati oni, madlobis gadasaxdelad im samsaxurisaTvis, ro-

melic holandielma swavlulma da politikosma gauwia mama-

miss, qarTvel mefes arCil meores 1685 wels, ,,CrdiloeTisa

da aRmosavleTis saTaTreTis avtors~ e.i. vitzens uambobda

yvelafers, rac ki mas ainteresebda. ase Seiqmna am naSro-

mis is nawili, sadac aRwerilia saqarTvelos kuTxeebis yofa,

tradiciebi, zne-Cveulebebi da mokle istoria. mas gansakuTreb-

uli mniSvneloba imiTac eniWeba, rom aq vxvdebiT unikalur qa-

rTul-holandiur mokle leqsikons. unda iTqvas, rom es aris

pirveli da dRemde erTaderTi mcdeloba qarTul-holandiuri

leqsikonis Seqmnisa.

erTi garemoeba aSkarad adasturebs, rom holandiaSi

aleqsandre batoniSvils aSkarad ar uyurebdnen, rogorc ru-

seTis mefis rigiT volonters: vitzeni ver Serigeboda imas,

rom princi, romelsac, rogorc ufross gvarSi, didi samefos

taxti unda gadascemoda, aq holandiaSi, rusi mefis saameblad

da misi monarqiis sasargeblod mdabiur xelobas da xelosno-

bas swavlobda (1,202-3).

aleqsandre batoniSvilma

Tavisi mogzauroba da swav-

la inglissa da holandiaSi

aRwera naSromSi ,,artile-

riis wigni~. rusi samxedro

istorikosebi erTxmad izi-

areben im azrs, rom es wig-

ni pirveli aguria rusuli

saar tilerio mecnierebis ba-

la varSi.

zemoTqmulidan naTlad

Cans, rom aleqsandre, rogorc

arCil mefis Svili, cdilobda

Tavisi qveynis sakeTildReod

politikuri urTierTobebi

istorikosi N1 2011

97

daemyarebina holandiasTan. rogor gagrZelda es urTierTobebi,

CvenTvis jerjerobiT ucnobia. albaT, male mova dro, rodesac

qarTveli mkvlevarebi amsterdamSi, zaandamsa Tu niderland-

ebis sxva qalaqebis arqivebSi mraval am mxriv saintereso

dokuments moiZieben, magram es momavlis saqmea.

unda iTqvas, rom me-17-18 saukuneTa gasayarze kidev erTi

cnobili holandieli mecnieri da sazogado moRvawe, eqimi

da geografi olfert daperic dainteresebula saqarTveloTi.

mis mravalricxovan naSromTagan CvenTvis sainteresoa 1672

w. gamoqveynebuli ,,sparseTis aRwera~. aq igi sparseTis sxva-

dasxva provinciebsa da mis morCilebaSi myof qveyanaTa Soris

qarTul miwebsac aRwers. igi detalurad mogviTxrobs misi

mdebareobis, sazRvrebis, klimatisa da istoriis Sesaxeb. mas

saqarTvelo nayofier da lamazi reliefis mqone qveynad miaC-

nia. igi dawvrilebiT aSuqebs me-17 saukunis saqarTveloSi mim-

dinare politikur movlenebs da marTebul daskvnasac akeTebs.

misi azriT, ,,maT (e.i. qarTvelebs) rom moexerxebinaT gaer-

Tianeba da sakuTar saxlSi wesieri mmarTvelobis damyareba,

aRar mouxdebodaT qveynis SenarCuneba-dacvaze fiqrio~ (3,29).

mkvlevarTaTvis es naSromi didad sainteresoa upirveles yov-

98

lisa imitom, rom holandiaSi (da SesaZlebelia dasavleT ev-

ropaSic) igi warmoadgens erT-erT pirvel mcdelobas, gaacnos

Tavis xalxs evropis aRmosavleT sazRvrebze mcxovrebi qris-

tiani qarTvelebis mZime xvedri da is Zireuli mizezebi, ris

gamoc aRmoCndnen isini aseT yofaSi.

vfiqrobT, rom zemoTqmuli kidev erTi dasturia imisa, Tu

raoden dainteresebuli iyo msoflios erT-erTi uZlieresi

saxelmwifo holandia saqarTveloTi jer kidev me-17 saukuneSi.

rac Seexeba ekonomikur urTierTobebs, Cvens xelT arsebuli

masalebidan gamomdinare Znelia masze saubari. vfiqrobT, rom

istoriis axali eris gariJraJze igi SeuZlebelic ki iyo. es

is periodia, rodesac otomanTa imperia (osmaleTi) politi-

kuri da samxedro Zlierebis zenitSia. samxreT-dasavleTiT

TurqeTis Zlieri mahmadianuri saxelmwifos Camoyalibebam

saqarTvelo metad mZime mdgomareobaSi moaqcia yovelmxriv

da maT Soris ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiTac. igi rkinis mZime

fardad CamoeSva qarTuli samefo-samTavroebis sazRvarze da

mTeli sami saukuniT mowyvita isini evropis wiaRs, dasavleTis

istorikosi N1 2011

99

qristianul samyaros. amitom Zalze Znelia vilaparakoT uSu-

alo ekonomikur urTierTobebze dasavleT evropis qveynebTan

da maT Soris holandiasTanac. rac Seexeba holandiuri fulis

erTeulis _ florinis gavrcelebas saqarTveloSi, mxol od

amaze dayrdnobiT or qveyanas Soris raime ekonomikur kavSire-

bze saubari TiTqmis SeuZlebelia.

gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. vl. tatiSvili _ qarTvelebi moskovSi, Tb., 1959 w.

2. n. cixisTavi _ frangi ganmanaTleblebis gavlena qarTuli

sazogadoebrivi azrovnebis ganviTarebaze me-18 saukunis bolosa da

me-19 saukunis pirvel aTwleuls, disertacia, Tb., 1993 w.

3. a. karbelaSvili _ niderlandebze saqarTveloSi, Tb., 1993 w.

100

istoriis swavlebis problemebi

multieTnikur sazogadoebaSi

(saqarTvelos magaliTi)

saqarTvelo, istoriuladac da dResac, mravaleTnikuri sax-

elmwifoa, rac, Sua saukuneebidan dawyebuli, saqarTvelos ru-

seTis imperiaSi Sesvlamde, ZiriTadad, ganpirobebuli iyo misi

istoriul-geografiuli mdebareobiT, misi strategiuli mniS-

vnelobiT. garda amisa, eTnikuri siWrele, garkveulwilad, im

politikis Sedegic iyo, romelsac jer ruseTis caristuli

imperia, Semdeg ki sabWoTa kavSiris xelmZRvaneloba axor-

cielebda. unda aRiniSnos, rom Tanamedrove etapze, konkre-

tulad ki sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg, saqarTveloSi

arsebuli eTnikuri mravalferovneba seriozul gamowvevad

iqca axlad damoukideblobamopovebuli saxelmwifosaTvis, ro-

melic, amave dros, pretenzias acxadebs, iyos demokratiuli,

dasavluri standartebis Sesabamisi qveyana. igi, konstituciis

Tanaxmad aRebuli valdebulebiT, icavs yvela misi moqalaqis

Tanasworobas da uflebebs, ganurCevlad rasisa, kanis ferisa,

enisa, religiisa da erovnuli da eTnikuri kuTvnilebisa (sa-

qarTvelos konstitucia, 1995, muxli 14).

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg erT-erTi mniSvnelovani

problema, romelsac saxelmwifo Seejaxa, iyo eTnikur niadagze

aRmocenebuli konfliqtebi afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTis av-

tonomiur erTeulebSi. aseve problemebi saqarTvelos sxva

elene bodaveli

Tbilisis pirveli klasikuri

gimnaziis pedagogi

istorikosi N1 2011

101

teritoriaze kompaqturad gansaxlebul eTnikur umcireso-

bebTan mimarTebaSi, kerZod, qvemo qarTlsa da samcxe-javaxeTis

regionSi. eTnikur siWreles Tan daerTo maSindel sazogadoe-

baSi gavrcelebuli nacionalisturi ganwyoba, ris gamoc bev-

rma eTnikurad araqarTvelma datova saqarTvelo. Tumca, amiT

sakiTxi ar gadawyvetila. eTnikuri umciresobebis warmomad-

genlebis samoqalaqo integraciis done jerac dabalia. isini

naklebad arian CarTulni qveynis sazogadoebriv-politikur

da ekonomikur cxovrebaSi, rac, vfiqrobT, bariers qmnis inter-

kulturuli dialogis, rogorc am procesis erT-erT xelSe-

mwyobi aspeqtisaTvis.

,,vardebis revoluciis~ Semdeg am sakiTxze muSaoba aqtiu-

rad daiwyo. eTnikuri umciresobebis interkulturuli dia-

logis xelSewyobisa da samoqalaqo integraciis misaRwevad

da maTSi samoqalaqo nacionalizmis gasaRviveblad saqmianoba

ramdenime kuTxiT gaiSala. saxelmwifom strategia da amo-

canebi eqvsi ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT gansazRvra. esenia:

• kanonis uzenaesoba;

• ganaTleba da saxelmwifo ena;

• media da informaciis xelmisawvdomoba;

• politikuri integracia da samoqalaqo monawileoba;

• ekonomikuri da regionuli integracia;

• kultura da TviTmyofadobis SenarCuneba.

mocemul statiaSi saubari iqneba swored ganaTlebis faq-

torzetorze, rogorc eTnikur umciresobaTa samoqalaqo integra-

ciis erT-erT mniSvnelovan aspeqtze. 2004 wels dawyebuli

ganaTlebis reformis procesSi aqcenti gakeTda istoriis

saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebis mniSvnelobaze, aseve istoriis

rolze eTnikurad mravalferovani, saerTo Rirebulebebze da-

fuZnebuli, erTiani samoqalaqo cnobierebis mqone sazogadoe-

bis CamoyalibebaSi.

reformis yvelaze problemur sakiTxs saxelmwifo enis ar-

codna warmoadgens, rac erT-erTi mniSvnelovani barieria samo-

qalaqo integraciis gzaze.Eenis arcodna warmoadgens bariers

102

eTnikuri umciresobebis sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebisaT-

vis, aseve politikur, ekonomikur da kulturul cxovrebaSi

monawileobisaTvis. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom 2004 wels ga-

naTlebis sistemaSi dawyebuli reformebis erT-erTi wamyvani

amocana kompaqturad gansaxlebul eTnikuri umciresobebis

warmomadgenelTa mier saxelmwifo enis codnis gaumjobesebaa.

am mimarTulebiT saxelmwifo Semdeg miznebs isaxavs:

• saxelmwifos mier skolamdeli ganaTlebis momsaxurebis

xarisxis gaumjobeseba.

• saxelmwifo enis Seswavlis xelSewyoba.

• saxelmwifos mier umciresobebis enis Seswavlis xelSew-

yoba.

• umciresobebis warmomadgenlebis mier sakuTar enaze gana-

Tlebis miRebis SesaZleblobis uzrunvelyofa.

• umciresobebis enis, rogorc Rirebulebis popularizacia.

• umciresobebis warmomadgenlebis mier kerZo ganaTlebis

miRebis SesaZleblobis uzrunvelyofa.

• umciresobebis warmomadgenlebis mier umaRlesi da profe-

siuli ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofa.

• profesiuli swavlebis xelSewyobiT dasaqmebis stimuli-

reba.

enis sakiTxebTan erTad, ganaTlebis reformis erT-erTi

mniSvnelovani sakiTxia istoriis swavleba.

istoriis mniSvnelobis gaazreba da gamoyeneba erT-erTi

gadamwyveti faqtoria saxelmwifos mSeneblobis procesSi, gan-

sakuTrebiT, postkoloniur qveynebSi. es ganpirobebulia Tavad

istoriis ,,TaviseburebebiT~. istoria mimzidveli Cans sax-

elmwifo mmarTvelebis, nacionaluri proeqtis mSenebelTaTvis.

rogorc cnobilia, SesaZlebelia istoriis mravalgvari in-

terpretacia, istoria aris eTnikuri mobilizaciisa da iden-

tobis gamtkicebis saukeTeso saSualeba; is mniSvnelovania

nacionaluri identobis ,,ganaxleba-aRdgenisaTvis~ da, saerTod,

identobis politikisaTvis, aseve politikuri moTxovnebis

legitimurobis dasasabuTeblad. igi xSirad iaraRad iqceva

istorikosi N1 2011

103

politikosebis xelSi da warmoadgens konfliqturi idento-

bebis Camoyalibebis erT-erT wyaros.

nacionaluri mSeneblobisas mTavar aspeqtad taras kuzio

nacionaluri istoriografiis aRdgenas miiCnevs. postkolon-

iur saxelmwifoebSi istorikosebs daekisraT misia, daemtkice-

binaT adgilobrivi mosaxleobis calke istoriis arsebo bis

ufleba, ris gareSec isini istoriis umoqmedo obieqtebad

dar Cebodnen.

saintereso mosazrebebi aqvs warsulis Sesaxeb e. smiTs.

mi si azriT, mexsierebas centraluri adgili uWiravs idento-

baTa da kulturaTa gamowrTobaSi, ar arsebobs warsuli, garda

araeTnikurisa da araracionalurisa. smiTis azriT, TiToeuli

naciis istoriuli mexsierebis buneba Zalian gansxvavebulia.

zogierT erTobas aqvs xangrZlivi, kargad dasabuTebuli da

STambeWdavi eTno istoria. eTnoistoria mniSvnelovania imdenad,

ramdenadac mas SeuZlia kulturuli Zalauflebis mniSvnelo-

van wyarod da kulturuli politizaciis centrad iqces.

eTnoistoriis arseboba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania patara

erTobebisaTvis. mniSvnelovania isic, rom istorikosebi eT-

noistoriebs eTnikuri konfliqtebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan

wya rod ganixilaven.

qarTuli eTnonarativi, romelic sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis

droisaTvis arsebobda da eTnikuri nacionalizmi, romelic XX

saukunis 90-ian wlebSi gamococxlda da dResac aqtiuria,

ufro adrindel safuZvlebs eyrdnoboda. am narativSi saqa-

rTvelo ganixileboda mxolod rogorc qarTvelTa saxelm-

wifo, istoria ki _ rogorc mxolod eTnikuri qarTvelebis

istoria, damokidebuleba eTnikuri umciresobebisadmi _ es

iyo damokidebuleba stumrisadmi, romelsac ar aqvs mudmivad

yofnis statusi. danarCen mizezebTan erTad (magaliTad, caris-

tuli da sabWoTa kavSiris politika), es momenti erT-erTi

barieri iyo samoqalaqo integraciis gzaze. igi warmoadgenda

gamowvevas eTnikuri umciresobebisaTvis da ubiZgebda maT, Se-

eqmnaT istoriis sakuTari interpretacia.

104

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg mis SemadgenlobaSi myofi

yvela saxelmwifo axali gamowvevis winaSe aRmoCnda. saqa-

rTvelo, rogorc mravaleTnikuri saxelmwifo, gansakuTrebul

sirTuleebs Seejaxa. gaqra gamaerTianebeli (Tumca ara sxva

identobaTa gadamfaravi) sabWoTa identoba. axali identobis

ZiebaSi eTnikuri jgufebi kvlav warsuls miubrundnen. daiwyo

warsulis dekonstruqcia da xelaxali gaazreba. miuxedavad

marqsistuli ideologiis daZlevisa, istoria kvlavac darCa

mxolod eTnikuri qarTvelebis istoriad, romelic msoflio

istoriis konteqstisgan izolirebulad iswavleboda da sau-

kuneTa manZilze Seqmnili memkvidreoba ganixileboda aseve

eTnikuri qarTvelebis ,,sakuTrebad~. jer caristul imperias-

Tan, Semdeg ki sabWoTa sistemasTan brZolis pirobebSi Camoya-

libebuli da, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg, nacionaluri

saxelmwifos mSeneblobis procesSi SenarCunebuli istoriu-

li narativi aqcents akeTebda saqarTvelos mudmiv brZolaze

damoukideblobis mosapoveblad, mis didebul warsulze da

qveynis istoriis miRma tovebda saqarTvelos teritoriaze

mcxovreb sxva eTnikur jgufebs, rac am ukanasknelTaTvis Zne-

lad aRsaqmeli da misaRebi aRmoCnda da, ramac ubiZga maT, ez-

runaT eTnikur mobilizaciaze.

90-ian wlebSi qarTvelebs Soris aqtiuri nacionalisturi

ganwyobebis pirobebSi, afxazeTisa da e.w. samxreT oseTis garda,

eTnikuri umciresobebiT gansaxlebul regionebSic eTnikuri

mobilizaciis niSnebi SeimCneoda. am TvalsazrisiT, samcxe-ja-

vaxeTis regioni ufro aqtiurobda. 1990-ian wlebSi aq eTni-

kur safuZvelze Seiqmna moZraoba „javaxk“-i, romelic miznad

isaxavda somexTa kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvas, javaxeTis

somxur skolebSi somxeTis istoriis swavlebis uzrunvelyo-

fas. am moZraobis da mogvianebiT Seqmnili „virq“-isagan 1990-ian wlebSi periodulad ismoda avtonomiis moTxovna. rac

Seexeba qvemo qarTls, moTxovnebi avtonomiis Taobaze aqac

gaisma, aRiniSna dapirispirebis ramdenime faqtic qarTvel da

azerbaijanel mosaxleobas Soris, Tumca gacilebiT naklebi

intensivobiTa da aqtiurobiT.

istorikosi N1 2011

105

istoriis, warsulis Sesaxeb eTnikuri jgufebis saerTo

codnis Camoyalibebas didi mniSvneloba aqvs eTnikuri umci-

resobebis samoqalaqo integraciisa da eTnikuri nacional-

izmidan samoqalaqo nacionalizmze gadasvlis procesSi. war-

sulis da misi aRqma-gaazrebis udidesi mniSvneloba aSkara

gaxdeba, Tu gaviziarebT s. jonsis mosazrebas am sakiTxTan

dakavSirebiT. misi azriT, awmyo damokidebulia warsulis aq-

tualizebasa da rekonstruqciaze. axali momavali yovelT-

vis moiTxovs gansxvavebul warsuls. es uSualod mexsierebis

politikis saqmea.

ganvixiloT, rogor icvleba damokidebuleba istoriis swav-

lebisadmi, rogorc eTnikurad qarTveli, aseve eTnikuri umci-

resobebis im warmomadgenelTa mxridan, romlebic uSualod

arian CarTuli swavlebisa da swavlis procesSi. konkretu-

lad, SevexebiT istoriis reformamdel da reformis Semdgom

SemuSavebul pirveli Taobis saxelmZRvaneloebs, romlebic

dResac gamoiyeneba zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi. yuradRe-

bas gavamaxvilebT im sirTuleebze, rac Tavs iCens istoriis

swavlebis procesSi Tanamedrove etapze. daveyrdnobiT ori

kvlevis Sedegebs, romlebic Catarda istoriis axal saxel-

mZRvaneloebTan da swavlebis axal meTodTan dakavSirebiT: erTi

- CIMERA-s mier 2006 wlis seqtember-dekemberSi, meore ki

– iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer-

sitetis kulturis mecnierebaTa institutis mier 2009 wlis

Teberval-martSi, am ukanasknelSi Tavad viRebdi monawileobas.

CIMERA-s mier Catarebul kvlevaSi sul monawileobda

20 respondenti. kvleva Catarda axalcixeSi, axalqalaqSi, mar-

neulsa da TbilisSi. respondentTa Soris iyvnen azerbaija-

nelebi, somxebi da qarTvelebi, rogorc istoriis maswavleble-

bi, aseve istoriis saxelmZRvaneloTa avtorebi. meore kvlevis

farglebSi gamokiTxva CavatareT q. Tbilisis 9, q. rusTavis 4,

kaspis 3, qobuleTis 7, zugdidis 6 skolaSi (sul 29 skola).

gamokiTxva mimdinareobda jgufuri da individualuri inter-

viuirebis meTodiT da masSi 50 maswavlebeli monawileobda.

106

kvlevis Sedegebis ganxilvisas CIMERA-s proeqtis mona-

wile eva gundare aRniSnavs qarTvel maswavlebelTa mier

is to riis, rogorc legendaruli moTxrobis aRqmas, da mis

warmodgenas eTnocentruli saxiT, sadac ZiriTadi aqcenti

keTdeba qveynis Zlierebis xanaze. istoriis popularuli aRqma,

ZiriTadad, stereotipuli da miTiuria. avtori aRniSnavs aseve

ramdenime respondentis mosazrebas, romelic am Sexedulebas

amtkicebs (History Teaching in Georgia... 2007: 29). erT-erTi sir-Tule, romelic gamoikveTa is iyo, rom maswavlebelTa garkveu-

li jgufisaTvis rTuli aRmoCnda istoriis mravalperspeq-

tiuli variantis swavleba. saxeldeboda, magaliTad, sakiTxebi

ruseTis Sesaxeb, romelic gansxvavebuli interpretaciiT unda

miewodebinaT (History Teaching in Georgia… 2007: 32).kidev erTi sakiTxi, romelic gansakuTrebul yuradRe-

bas iqcevs, aris „swori“ istoriis, erTi istoriuli „WeS-

maritebis“ Ziebis tendencia. e. gundare aRniSnavs, rom maswav-

lebelTa umravlesoba kvlav midrekilia „swori“ istoriis

ideis ganxorcielebisaken (History Teaching in Georgia… 2007: 33). miuxedavad am kuTxiT maswavlebelTa datreningebisa, maTi

umravlesoba mainc fiqrobs, rom istoriuli WeSmariteba mx-

olod erTia (History Teaching in Georgia… 2007: 34). Tumca, av-tori aqve miuTiTebs maswavlebelTa nawilze, romlebic pozi-

tiurad afaseben istoriis swavlebaSi mimdinare cvlilebebs

da Tvlian, rom amgvari midgoma xels Seuwyobs eTnikuri da-

pirispirebebis daZlevas (History Teaching in Georgia... 2007: 34).mniSvnelovan sirTules qmnis is faqti, rom reformamde

saqarTveloSi mcxovreb eTnikur umciresobebs istoriis

saxel mZRvaneloebi miewodebodaT maTi eTnikuri samSoblos

ganaTlebis saministros mier. es wignebi iqauri avtorebis

mier iyo dawerili, rac aisaxeboda ama Tu im sakiTxis inter-

pretaciaSi (magaliTad, eTnikuri umciresobiT dasaxlebuli

teritoriis istoriuli kuTvnilebis problema, daZabuloba

da urTierTbraldeba eTnikur qarTvelebsa da somxebs Soris

istoriis „araswori“ interpetaciis gamo da sxva sakiTxebi).

istorikosi N1 2011

107

am sakiTxis problemurobas aRniSnavdnen samcxe-javaxeTis re-

gionSi gamokiTxuli respondentebi (eTnikuri umciresobebis

warmomadgenlebi), romlebic saubrobdnen imis Sesaxeb, rom sa-

xelmZRvaneloebSi mocemuli faqtebi da movlenebi da maTi Se-

fasebebi ewinaaRmdegeba erTmaneTs. imave problemaze miuTiTeb-

da erT-erTi qarTveli maswavlebelic, romelic axal qalaqSi

aswavlida somex moswavleebs (History Teaching in Georgia… 2007: 60) (magaliTad, saxeldeboda eklesiebTan dakavSirebu-

li daZabuloba, aseve rukebTan dakavSirebuli uTanxmoebani).

kvle vis Sedegebis mixedviT, qarTvel da azerbaijanel eTnikur

jgufebs Soris, samcxe-javaxeTis regionTan SedarebiT, am mxriv

naklebi problemebi arsebobs.

aRsaniSnavia, rom gamokiTxul eTnikur umciresobaTa warmo-

madgenlebis didi nawili aucileblad Tvlida saqarTvelos

istoriis swavlebas da gamoTqvamda sayvedurs imis gamo, rom

eTnikuri umciresobebi saTanadod ar arian warmodgenili is-

toriis saxlmZRvaneloebSi, an, Tu arian, maT moixsenieben ro-

gorc emigrantebs, stumrebs an mezoblebs (History Teaching in georgia…2007).

rac Seexeba meore kvlevas, unda aRiniSnos, rom eTnikuri

umciresobebisgan gansxvavebiT, qarTvel maswavlebelTa reaqcia

Zalian emociuri iyo. gamokiTxuli maswavleblebis daaxloe-

biT 15% dadebiTad afasebs cvlilebas, miesalmeba saqarT-

velos istoriis swavlebas msoflio istoriis konteqstSi da

istoriis eTnocentruli gagebis daZlevis mcdelobas. magram

maswavlebelTa umravlesobis pretenzia isaa, rom saqarTvelos

istoria Zalian cudad aris mowodebuli. maTi azriT, istori-

is msgavsi saxiT swavlebis SemTxvevaSi SeuZlebelia erovnu-

li suliskveTebiT gamsWvaluli patriotebis aRzrda. aRsan-

iSnavia, rom arc erT maswavlebels saxelmZRvanelos dadebiT

mxareebze saubrisas ar aRuniSnavs im mciredi cvli lebis

mniSvneloba, rac ganxorcielda eTnikur umciresobebTan dakav-

SirebiT, metic, arc erT maTgans ar gamouTqvams azri am kuT-

xiT raime cvlilebis saWiroebasTan dakavSirebiT. SekiTxvaze

108

– ras daamatebdiT an SecvlidiT axal saxelmZRvaneloebSi

– maswavlebelTa umravlesobis pasuxi aseTi iyo: meti yurad-

Reba saqarTvelos erovnuli istoriisadmi, faqtologiisadmi,

calkeuli sakiTxebis ufro siRrmiseuli ganxilva, mowesrige-

ba da sistematizacia; saxelmwifoebrivi, samarTlebrivi da

kulturis Temebis damateba; teqstis gamartiveba; asakobrivi

Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswineba; ilustraciebis daxvewa. aqve

minda aRvniSno, rom kategoriulobiT gamoirCeoda gamokiTxul

maswavlebelTa garkveuli nawili, romelic aswavlida Sereuli

tipis – qarTul-azerbaijanul skolaSi da, TiTqos, ukeT unda

hqonoda gacnobierebuli dasaxelebuli sakiTxis mniSvneloba.

istoriis swavlebis sferoSi dasaxuli amocanebis gadaWra

bevr sirTulesTanaa dakavSirebuli. pirvel rigSi, saxelmZR-

vaneloebi saWiroebs Semdgom daxvewas. sasurveli iqneboda

saxelmZR vaneloebis Seqmnis procesSi eTnikur umciresobaTa

warmomadgenlebis – ra Tqma unda, profesionalTa _ CarTva, meti

yuradRebis daTmoba maswavlebelTa treiningebisadmi, muSaoba

istoriis, rogorc interpretaciis mniSvnelobis gacnobierebis

kuTxiT, multiperspeqtiuli midgomebis damkvidreba. vfiqrobT,

zemoTqmuli iqneba erT-erTi faqtori qarTvelebsa da eTnikur

umciresobebs Soris arsebuli stereotipebisa da ormxrivi

SiSis (qarTvelebisaTvis separatizmis safrTxe eTnikuri um-

ciresobebis mxridan, eTnikuri umciresobebisTvis _ asimila-

ciis safrTxe) daZlevisaTvis, rac xels Seuwyobs saerTo

Rirebulebebze dafuZnebuli samoqalaqo cnobierebis Camoya-

libebasa da interkulturul dialogs, am procesSi ki isto-

riis swavlebis mniSvnelobis gacnobierebas da mizanmimarTul

gamoyenebas.

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 1990-ian wlebSi Se-

qmnilma viTarebam da axalma gamowvevebma cxadyo, rom eTni-

kurad mravalferovani qveynebis mSvidobiani arsebobisa da

ganviTarebisaTvis sasicocxlo mniSvneloba aqvs qveynis yvela

moqalaqis – ganurCevlad rasis, kanis feris, eTnikuri da re-

ligiuri kuTvnilebis – samoqalaqo integracias, qveynis moqa-

istorikosi N1 2011

109

laqeebs Soris saerTo samoqalaqo cnobierebis Camoyalibebas

da maTi uflebebis Tanasworobis aRiarebas, maT Soris, sakuTari

identobis SenarCunebis uflebisa. am sakiTxebis mogvarebaSi

mniSvnelovani rolis Sesruleba SeuZlia istorias da mis

swavlebas, gansakuTrebiT _ zogadsaganamanaTleblo safexurze.

gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. bluaSvili u. mesxiSvili c. samoqalaqo integraciis problemebi samcxe-javax-

eTSi. Tbilisi, 2004.

2. eTnikuri umciresobebis samoqalaqo integraciis politikis analizi. bTkk –politikis kvlevis jgufi eTnikuri umciresobebis programa. Tbilisi, 2008.

3. saqarTvelos mosaxleobis 2002 wlis pirveli erovnuli sayovelTao aRweris

Sedegebi. tomi I. Tbilisi, 2003.

4. smiTi, entoni d. nacionalizmi Teoria, ideologia, istoria. Tbilisi, 2004.

5. Chikovani N. The problem of the common past in multiethnic societies (The case of Georgian history textbooks). Internationale Schulbuchforschung/International Textbook Re-search, Volume 30 (2008), Issue 4. Textbooks in the Post-Soviet Caucasus and in Central Asia. Braunschweig, 2008, p. 797-810.

6. History Teaching in Georgia : representation of minorities in Georgian history textbooks. CIMERA. Jeneva, 2007.

7. Nora Pierre. Between Memory and Hisroty: Les Lieux de Memoire. Representations, No. 26, Sepcial Issue: Memory and Counter-memory. University of Califorinia. 1989,7-24.

8. Jones Sreohen F. Old Ghosts and New Chains. Ethnicity and memory in the Georgian Re-public. R.S. Watson (ed) Memory, History and opposition under State University of washington Press, 1994, 149-165.

9. Kuzio, T. (2002)” History, memory and nation building in the post-soviet colonial space. Nacionalities papers, II., pp 241-264.

10. Rapp Stephen. Caucasias’s Olace in the eurasian world: the testimoni of cxovreba qarTvelTa mefeTa. 45-55.

11. Suny, G. (2001) “Constructing primordialism: old histories for new nations”. The jour-nal of modern history, IV., pp 862-896.

12. Velychenko, S. National History and The :History of the Ussr”:the persistence and im-pact of categories. Nationalism and History. The Politics of Nation Building in post0soviet Ar-menia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. University of Toronto, 1994.

13. Чиковани Н., Какителашвили К. «Изображение «других» в учебниках истории для общеобразовательных школ». Совремеииые учебники истории на южном кавказе. Прага, 2009, с.57-83.

110

manana SeyilaZemanana SeyilaZe

istoriis maswavlebelTa

saqarTvelos asociaciis

vice-prezidenti,

Tbilisis evropuli skolis

pedagogi

istoriis maswavlebelTasaqarTvelos asociaciismimdinare saqmeebi

redkolegiis muSaoba, haaga, 2010 weli

111

viziti haagaSi

2010 wlis 21-28 agvistos proeqt ,,tolerantobis mSe-

nebloba istoriis swavlebis gziT saqarTveloSi” saredaq-

cio jgufi samuSao vizitiT haagaSi, evroklios ofisSi imyo-

feboda. erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi redkolegiis wevrebi pro-

eqtis mimdinare sakiTxebze muSaobdnen, iRebdnen rCeva-darige-

bebs saerTaSoriso eqpertebisagan, ixilavdnen proeqtis sabo-

loo produqtis - damxmare masalebis krebulis makets.

garda amisa, Tavisufal dros saredaqcio jgufi Sexve d-

rebs awyobda holandiaSi moRvawe adgilobriv da saerTaSori-

so organizaciebTan. saubrebi imarTeboda istoriis maswavle-

belTa saqarTvelos asociaciis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebze,

istoriisa da samoqalaqo ganaTlebis swavlebis Tanamedro-

ve moTxovnebsa da maTi gadaWris gzebze. evropeli kolege-

bi Cveuli uSualobiT uziarebdnen qarTvel istorikosebs Ta-

vianT gamocdilebas.

saqarTvelos delegacia haagaSi – oliver raisneri, eva mamedova, elene

meZmariaSvili, eliso CubiniSvili, nina zulumiani, giorgi abramiSvili da

nana cixisTavi

112

proeqti „sabavSvo arqeologia“

saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis erovnuli

saagentos iniciativiT da dafinansebiT skolis moswavleebi-

saTvis specialuri saganmanaTleblo programa Seiqmna, rome-

lic bavSvebis arqeologiis samyarosTan ziarebas emsaxureba.

aRniSnulma saagentom da istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarT-

velos asociaciam erToblivi gegma SeimuSaves da am saqmeSi

saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela regionis skola CarTes.

2010 wlis oqtomber-noemberSi mcxeTaSi, samTavros vel-

ze, specialurad bavSvebisaTvis mowyobil saswavlo moedan-

ze moswavleTa nakadi ar wydeboda. bavSvebi, profesionali

arqeologebis xelmZRvanelobiT, iseT unikalur nivTebs „po-

istorikosi N1 2011

113

ulobdnen“, rogoricaa brinjaos

xanis sabrZolo iaraRi, antiku-

ri xanis vercxlis WurWeli, iS-

viaTi monetebi, Zvirfasi“ samkau-

lebi da sxva. bavSvebi „aRmo-

Cenil“ nivTebs zomavdnen, wonid-

nen, Canaxatebs akeTebdnen da mo-

nacemebi specialur savele dRi-

urebSi SehqondaT. bolos zo-

gierT nivTs iqve mowyobil sa-

restavracio saxelosnoSi saku-

Tari xeliT awebebdnen da aRad-

gendnen.

proeqtma imdenad didi gamo-

Zaxili hpova saganmanaTleblo

sivrceSi, rom Tadarigianma maswavleblebma, pirvel rigSi ki

asociaciis wevrebma, 2011 wlis gazafxulis sezonis arqeolo-

giuri seansebi winaswar dajavSnes.

„norCi arqeologis“ sertifikatis miReba yvela bavSvs uxaria

(Tbilisis „evropuli skolis“ moswavleebi gaTxrebis Semdeg)

114

istoriis saswavlo kabinetis gaxsna

2010 wlis 15 noembers istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTve-

los asociacia duSeTis raionis sofel ebniss ewvia. ebnisis

cxrawlian skolaSi sul 13 moswavle swavlobs. 2010 wlis

zafxulSi skola optimizaciis gegmaSi moxvda da kinaRam dai-

xura. amis Sesaxeb asociacias misma aqtiurma wevrma, bondo da-

viTurma Seatyobina kviprosidan da daxmareba iTxova.

asociaciis xelmZRvanelobam ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis sa-

ministrosTan SeTanxmebiT Seiswavla skolis sakiTxi, rome-

lic sabolood dadebiTad gadawyda. kerZod, skola Tavis ad-

gilze darCa. aseTive problema iyo mezoblad mdebare sofel

WilurtSi da iqac iseTive gadawyvetileba iqna miRebuli. es

ori skola imuSavebs Tavis adgilze, mxolod administracia

eyoleba saerTo.

istorikosi N1 2011

duSeTis r. sof. ebnisis pedkoleqtivi stumrebTan erTad

115

ebnisisa da Wilurtis skolebs asociaciam saCuqrad ga-

dasca saqarTvelosa da msoflio istoriis saswavlo rukebi,

atlasebi, konturulebi da sxvadasxva Sinaarsis TvalsaCinoe-

ba. gadawyda am skolebSi istoriis kabinetebis gaxsna.

Sexvedraze saubari gaimarTa swavlebis problemebze, maswav-

leblis kvalifikaciis amaRlebis gzebze, kolegebis Sexvedre-

bisa da gamocdilebis urTierTgaziarebis aucileblobaze.

aqve gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom msgavsi saswavlo kabinetebi

asociaciam manamde ukve gaxsna Telavis #3 sajaro skolaSi,

axalcixis #2 (rusul-somxur)da #6 (qarTul) sajaro sko-

lebSi. sul male gaixsneba Tbilisis #72 (rusul) da marne-

ulis #3 (azerbaijanul) sajaro skolebSi.

aseve dagegmilia istoriis kabinetebis gaxsna goris r. sof.

karaleTSi, xelvaCauris r. sof. SubanSi da baTumis saxel-

mwifo universitetSi – momavali pedagogebis mosamzadeblad.

ebniseli maswavleblebi istoriis kabinetis TvalsaCinoebas ecnobian

116

Sexvedra aWarel pedagogebTan

2010 wlis 20 dekembers istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarT-

velos asociaciis vice-prezidenti manana SeyilaZe aWarel pe-

dagogebs Sexvda.

Sexvedra gaxsna baTumis saxelmwifo universitetis req-

torma alioSa bakuriZem, romelic miesalma istorikosTa pro-

fesiuli asociaciis saqmianobas da universitetis saxeliT

Tanadgoma gamoucxada mas.

saubari gaimarTa asociaciaSi mimdinare adgilobriv da sa-

erTaSoriso proeqtebze, maswavlebelTa kvalifikaciis amaRle-

bisa da sertificirebisaTvis mzadebis sakiTxebze.

manana SeyilaZem Caatara prezentacia Temaze „multimedia

teqnologiis gamoyeneba istoriis swavlebisas“, sadac gani-

istorikosi N1 2011

aWareli pedagogebi istoriul rukebze muSaoben

117

xila nimuSebi saqarTvelos istoriis eleqtronuli saxelm-

ZRvaneloebidan da pedagogebs esaubra aRniSnuli resursebis

gakveTilze gamoyenebis meTodikaze.

Sexvedris meore nawilSi Catarda treiningi Temaze „ro-

gor gamoviyenoT istoriuli rukebi sagakveTilo procesSi“,

sadac ganxiluli iqna sxvadasxva istoriul Temebze Seqmnili

kedlis rukebi, rogorc saqarTvelos, aseve msoflio istorii-

dan. stumarma pedagogebs saCuqrad gadasca saqarTvelos isto-

riuli atlasebi da konturuli rukebi, dauriga individualu-

ri savarjiSoebi sxvadasxva istoriul Temebze, romelTa nawi-

li maT iqve Seasrules.

Sexvedra Seajama da samomavlo gegmebze isaubra isto-

riis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociaciis aWaris filia-

lis xelmZRvanelma madona miqelaZem.

istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociaciis aWaris filialis

xelmZRvaneli madona miqelaZe pedagogebs esaubreba

118

profesor nodar asaTianis iubile

2010 wlis 25 dekembers Tbi-

lisis #1 sajaro skolis saaq-

to darbazSi gaimarTa gamoCeni-

li qarTveli istorikosisa da

sazogado moRvawis, istorikosTa

mravali Taobis aRmzrdelis, sa-

xelmZRvaneloebis avtoris, prof.

nodar asaTianis dabadebidan 80

wlisadmi miZRvnili saiubileo

saRamo. misi organizatorebi iyv-

nen „istoriis maswavlebelTa

saqarTvelos asociacia“ da Tbi-

lisis pirveli sajaro skolis

administracia.

Sexvedras mravlad eswrebod-

nen saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuT-

istorikosi N1 2011

prof. nodar asaTianis saiubileo sxdoma Tbilisis #1 sajaro skolaSi

119

xidan Camosuli istoriis pedagogebi, iubilaris aRzrdilebi,

raTa daefasebinaT amagdari mecnierisa da sazogado moRvawis

qveynisaTvis gaweuli Sroma.

saRamo gaxsna pirveli sajaro skolis direqtorma, amiran

jamagiZem. nodar asaTianis cxovrebasa da moRvaweobaze isaub-

ra prof. oTar janeliZem.

iubilars miesalmnen profesorebi naTela vaCnaZe, anton le-

Java, merab merabiSvili, asociaciis prezidenti nana cixisTa-

vi, pirveli sajaro skolis moswavleebi da sxvebi. Tbili mo-

gonebebiT gamovidnen iubilaris yofili studentebi, amJamad

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi moRvawe pedagogebi da sko-

lis direqtorebi.

„istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociaciis“ saxe-

liT iubilars asociaciis sapatio wevrobis damadasturebe-

li diplomi gadaeca.

prof. nodar asaTiani (centrSi) Tavis aRzrdilebTan erTad

120

kavkasiis sakoordinacio sabWos dafuZneba

2011 wlis 13 Tebervals TbilisSi, sastumro „kolxSi“

Sedga saqarTvelos, somxeTisa da azerbaijanis istorikosTa

Sexvedra, romlis mizani iyo am qveynebSi istoriis swavlebis

aqtualuri sakiTxebis ganxilva da gamocdilebis gaziareba.

Sexvedram samive mxares daanaxa, rom miuxedavad terito-

riuli siaxlovisa, maT Zalian mcire informacia gaaCniaT erT-

maneTis ganaTlebis sistemaze da kerZod, istoriisa da samoqa-

laqo ganaTlebis swavlebis sakiTxebze. Sexvedraze gadawy-

da garkveuli periodulobiT moewyos xolme Sexvedrebi sami

qveynis istorikosTa Soris mrgvali magidis formatSi.

aseve saubari gaimarTa axal wignebze, romlebic cota xnis

win erToblivad Seqmnes qarTvelma, somexma da azerbaijanelma

istorikosebma. daigegma maTi prezentaciis gamarTva TbilisSi.

saqarTvelos mxarem iTava sakiTxis dasma TbilisSi mdebare

„evropis saxlis“ winaSe, raTa proeqti ”evropuli klubebis „evropis saxlis“ winaSe, raTa proeqti ”evropuli klubebis

gaxsna skolebSi”, gaxsna skolebSi”, romelic saqarTvelos skolebSi male daiwy-

eba, aseve ganxorcieldes somxeTsa da azerbaijanSi.

daigegma tradiciad iqces Jurnal ”istorikosis” yovel

nomerSi somexi da azerbaijaneli istorikosebis statiebis

gamoqveyneba. aseve, maTi statiebi gamoqveyndeba istoriis mas-

wavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociaciis veb-gverdze www.imsa.ge. iqve gadawyda momdevno nomris statiebis Tematika: ra mdgo-mareobaa istoriis maswavlebelTa axali kadrebis momzadebi-

sa da moqmedi maswavleblebis kvalifikaciis amaRlebis mxriv.

da bolos, Seiqmna sakoordinacio sabWo, romelSic Sevida

sam-sami warmomadgeneli TiToeuli respublikidan.

istorikosi N1 2011

121

sxedan marcxnidan:

1. haikaz oganesiani – somxeTis istoriis maswavlebelTa asociaciis pre-

zidenti

2. rauf huseinovi – azerbaijanis istoriis maswavlebelTa asociaciis

prezidenti

3. manana SeyilaZe – saqarTvelos istoriis maswavlebelTa asociaciis vi-

ce-prezidenti

4. nana cixisTavi – saqarTvelos istoriis maswavlebelTa asociaciis pre-

zidenti

dganan marcxnidan:

1. stefan grigoriani – somxeTis istoriis maswavlebelTa asociaciis vi-

ce-prezidenti

2. bahadur baxtijarovi – azerbaijanis saxelmwifo pedagogiur univer-

sitetis profesori

3. rauf rajabovi – azerbaijanis istoriis maswavlebelTa asociaciis vi-

ce-prezidenti

4. beso lorTqifaniZe – saqarTvelos istoriis maswavlebelTa asocia-

ciis wevri

122

ioke van de leu-roordma,ioke van de leu-roordma, evroklios evroklios

damfuZnebelma prezidentma da misma aR-damfuZnebelma prezidentma da misma aR-

masrulebelma direqtorma, istorikosis masrulebelma direqtorma, istorikosis

diplomi miiRo groningenis universitetSi diplomi miiRo groningenis universitetSi

(niderlandi). 1972-1993 wlebSi muSaobda

istoriis maswavleblad, pedagogTa tren-istoriis maswavleblad, pedagogTa tren-

erad da mrCevlad istoriis sakiTxebSi. erad da mrCevlad istoriis sakiTxebSi.

rogorc istoriis swavlebis, axali meTo-rogorc istoriis swavlebis, axali meTo-

debisa da trans-erovnuli istoriis eqspertma, man wamoiwyo debisa da trans-erovnuli istoriis eqspertma, man wamoiwyo

da koordinireba gauwia uamrav erovnul, transerovnul da da koordinireba gauwia uamrav erovnul, transerovnul da

saerTaSoriso mravalwlian proeqts Semdeg qveynebSi: albaneTi, saerTaSoriso mravalwlian proeqts Semdeg qveynebSi: albaneTi,

belorusi, bulgareTi, bosnia-hercegovina, xorvatia, kviprosi, belorusi, bulgareTi, bosnia-hercegovina, xorvatia, kviprosi,

CexeTis respublika, estoneTi, saqarTvelo, latvia, makedonia, CexeTis respublika, estoneTi, saqarTvelo, latvia, makedonia,

montenegro, rumineTi, ruseTi, serbeTi, TurqeTi. is aris: ev-montenegro, rumineTi, ruseTi, serbeTi, TurqeTi. is aris: ev-

rosabWos, iuneskos, euTo-s saerTaSoriso mzadyofnisa da ev-rosabWos, iuneskos, euTo-s saerTaSoriso mzadyofnisa da ev-

rokavSiris mTavari eqsperti da konsultanti; georg ekertis rokavSiris mTavari eqsperti da konsultanti; georg ekertis

institutis (germania) mrCevelTa sabWos vice-prezidenti da institutis (germania) mrCevelTa sabWos vice-prezidenti da

roterdamis erazmusis universitetTan arsebuli istoriuli roterdamis erazmusis universitetTan arsebuli istoriuli

kulturis institutis mrCevelTa sabWos wevri. ioke van der-kulturis institutis mrCevelTa sabWos wevri. ioke van der-

leus naSromebi istoriisa da istoriis swavlebis sakiTxebze leus naSromebi istoriisa da istoriis swavlebis sakiTxebze

gamoaqveyna koerberstiftungma, iuneskom da mravalma saerTa-gamoaqveyna koerberstiftungma, iuneskom da mravalma saerTa-

Soriso Jurnalma. 2009 wels holandiis dedofalma ioke Soriso Jurnalma. 2009 wels holandiis dedofalma ioke

am TavSi gagacnobT Cvens evropel kolegebs – istorikoseb-am TavSi gagacnobT Cvens evropel kolegebs – istorikoseb-

sa da istoriis meTodistebs, romlebic bolo wlebSi saqa-sa da istoriis meTodistebs, romlebic bolo wlebSi saqa-

rTveloSi Camodiodnen, CamohqondaT siaxleebi evropidan da rTveloSi Camodiodnen, CamohqondaT siaxleebi evropidan da

uaRresad sasargeblo treningebs utarebdnen istoriis mas-uaRresad sasargeblo treningebs utarebdnen istoriis mas-

wavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociaciis wevrebs. wavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociaciis wevrebs.

Cveni saerTaSoriso eqspertebi

123

van der-leu daajildova umaRlesi ordeniT. aseve, istoriis van der-leu daajildova umaRlesi ordeniT. aseve, istoriis

pedagogTa holandiis asociaciam mas gadasca fiub de riuter-pedagogTa holandiis asociaciam mas gadasca fiub de riuter-

is jildo istoriuli ganaTlebis saqmeSi Setanili udidesi is jildo istoriuli ganaTlebis saqmeSi Setanili udidesi

wvlilisaTvis.

profesori rumiana kuSeva, ( (bulgareTi)

evroklios proeqtis `evropis dialogi, evroklios proeqtis `evropis dialogi,

kul turis cisartyela momavlisaTvis~ kul turis cisartyela momavlisaTvis~

koor dinatori.koor dinatori.

rumiana kuSeva aris wminda kliment rumiana kuSeva aris wminda kliment

ohridskis saxelobis sofiis universite-ohridskis saxelobis sofiis universite-

tis profesori, informaciisa da praqtikos tis profesori, informaciisa da praqtikos

pedagogTa momzadebis departamentis xelmZ-pedagogTa momzadebis departamentis xelmZ-

Rvaneli. aswavlis aseve veliko tirnovos, plovdivis da Su-Rvaneli. aswavlis aseve veliko tirnovos, plovdivis da Su-

menis universitetebSi. is aris bulgareTis istoriis peda-menis universitetebSi. is aris bulgareTis istoriis peda-

gogTa asociaciis damfuZnebeli prezidenti. Tavisi kariera gogTa asociaciis damfuZnebeli prezidenti. Tavisi kariera

man daiwyo rogorc saSualo skolis istoriis pedagogma. mas man daiwyo rogorc saSualo skolis istoriis pedagogma. mas

aqvs istoriis eqspertebisa da maswavleblebis momzadebis xan-aqvs istoriis eqspertebisa da maswavleblebis momzadebis xan-

grZlivi gamocdileba istori is swavlebis Tanamedrove meTo-grZlivi gamocdileba istori is swavlebis Tanamedrove meTo-

debSi. profesori kuSeva ko or dinirebas uwevda evroklios debSi. profesori kuSeva ko or dinirebas uwevda evroklios

or saerTaSoriso proeqts istoriis swavlebaze. is aris mi-or saerTaSoriso proeqts istoriis swavlebaze. is aris mi-

wveuli rogorc mTavari saerTaSoriso konsultanti, maT So-wveuli rogorc mTavari saerTaSoriso konsultanti, maT So-

ris, ruseTsa da saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebul proeqtebSi. man ris, ruseTsa da saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebul proeqtebSi. man

dawera wignebi istoriis swavlebis meTodologiaze; testebi dawera wignebi istoriis swavlebis meTodologiaze; testebi

istoriis swavlebisaTvis; istoriis swavlebis gamowvevebi da istoriis swavlebisaTvis; istoriis swavlebis gamowvevebi da

maTi pasuxebi, agreTve istoriis saxelmZRvaneloebi, damxmare maTi pasuxebi, agreTve istoriis saxelmZRvaneloebi, damxmare

saxelmZRvaneloebi da saxelmZRvaneloebi pedagogebisaTvis saxelmZRvaneloebi da saxelmZRvaneloebi pedagogebisaTvis

dawyebiT da saSualo skolebSi. rumiana kuSeva aris gamoce-dawyebiT da saSualo skolebSi. rumiana kuSeva aris gamoce-

mebis `ganaTleba da kvali fikacia~ da `dialogi istoriaSi~ mebis `ganaTleba da kvali fikacia~ da `dialogi istoriaSi~

mTavari redaqtori.

da bolos, saqarTveloSi evroklio/matras proeqtis ,,tol-da bolos, saqarTveloSi evroklio/matras proeqtis ,,tol-

erantobis mSenebloba istoriis swavlebis gziT“ mTavari erantobis mSenebloba istoriis swavlebis gziT“ mTavari

mrCeveli da samuSao furclebis ,,rogor vicxovreT erTad mrCeveli da samuSao furclebis ,,rogor vicxovreT erTad

saqarTveloSi me-20 saukuneSi“ mTavari redaqtori.

124

margaret gestsdotiri, , islandiis univer-

siteti, evroklios sabWos yofili wevri da

prezidenti.

margaret gestsdotiri aswavlis istorias

reikiavikis armulis kolejSi. is agreTve aris

islandiis universitetis socialur mecniereba-

Ta mimarTulebis studentebis pedagog-treneri;

sxvadasxva istoriis asociaciis aqtiuri wevri,

maT Soris, islandiis istorikosTa asociaciis, sadac wlebis

ganmavlobaSi monawileobda maswavleblebis gadamzadebaSi. is

CarTuli iyo sxvadasxva asakobrivi jgufis saganmanaTleblo

programebis Seqmnasa da Sua saukuneebis istoriis kvlevasa da

swavlebaSi. mas gamoqveynebuli aqvs statiebi da interviuebi

orive saganSi.

din smartidin smarti (gaerTianebuli samefo) dasavleT

inglisis universiteti, bristo li, ev ro klios

sabWos wevri da yofili prezide nti .

din smarti aris pedagog-treneri dasav-

leT inglisis universitetSi, bristoli, didi

britaneTi. is muSaobs magistrebTan 11-18+

wlis asakis moswavleebisaTvis istoriis

swavlebis sakiTxebze. misi sadoqtoro naS-

romi (2006) dakavSirebulia inglisis istoriis saxelmZR-

vaneloebSi eTnikur umciresobaTa warmoCenasTan. din smartis

interesis ZiriTadi sferoa eTnikuri mravalferovneba da

multikulturuli ganaTleba. misi publikaciebis mizania mas-

wavleblebisaTvis daxmarebis gaweva, saskolo praqtika da sa-

muSao masalebis Seqmna. mas miwodebuli aqvs masalebi araerTi

vebgverdisaTvis, maT Soris: QCA (inglisis kvalifikaciisa da

kurikulumis centri), britaneTis biblioTeka, BBC da ing-

lisis warsuli yvelasaTvis. is aris britaneTis istoriis

maswavlebelTa saganmanaTleblo qselis (HTEN) mdivani da

istoriis swavlis, swavlebisa da kvlevis saerTaSoriso Ju-

istorikosi N1 2011

125

rnalis saredaqcio kolegiis wevri. is iyo evroklios pro-

eqtebis mrCeveli ruseTis federaciasa da makedoniaSi. amJamad

aris evroklios Jurnal `biuleteni~-s redaqtori.

Zintra liepina Zintra liepina (latvia), evroklios sab-

Wos yofili wevri da istoriis pedagogTa

latviis asociaciis wevri.

Zintra liepina aris istoriisa da so-

cialur mecnierebaTa maswavlebeli, aqvs ga-

naTlebis mecnierebebis magistris xarisxi.

aswavlis istoriasa da politikur mecniere-

bebs rigaSi, natalia drauZinas gimanaziaSi.

agreTve aris pedagog-treneri da ramdenime publikaciis, mas-

wavleblis wignis da damxmare masalebis avtori. Zintra

liepina CarTuli iyo evroklios ramdenime proeqtSi, rogorc

erovnuli koordinatori da eqsperti. 2006-2007 wlebSi iyo

istoriis pedagogTa latviis asociaciis Tavmjdomare.

profesori eial navehiprofesori eial navehi (israeli), israelis

demokratiis institutis ufrosi mecnier-Tanam-

Sromeli, politikuri saganmanaTleblo pro-

eqtis xelmZRvaneli.

eial navehi aris istoriis profesori Tel-

avivis universitetsa da kibucizmis ganaTlebis

kolejSi, ufrosi mecnier-Tanam Sromeli israe-

lis demokratiis institutSi. eial navehi as-

wavlis aSS-is istorias istoriis fakultetze da samarTlis

skolaSi. igi aseve aswavlida israelis istorias israelSi

da sazRvargareT. profesorma navehma miiRo doqtoris xarisxi

berklis (kalifornia) universitetSi. misi kvlevis mTavar

sferos warmoadgens aSS-is inteleqtualuri da kulturuli

istoria iseve, rogorc istoriis swavleba. man dawera eqvsi

saxelmZRvanelo israelis sajaro skolis sistemisaTvis da

uamravi samecniero narkvevi. eial navehis bolo sami wignia

126

– reinhold niehbur da arautopiuri idealizmi (saseqsis aka-– reinhold niehbur da arautopiuri idealizmi (saseqsis aka-

demiuri gamomcemloba, 2002), istoriebi: israelis warsulTan demiuri gamomcemloba, 2002), istoriebi: israelis warsulTan

dialogis misaRwevad (babelis publikaciebi, 2002) da amerikis dialogis misaRwevad (babelis publikaciebi, 2002) da amerikis

SeerTebuli Statebi – arsebuli demokratia (Ria universite-SeerTebuli Statebi – arsebuli demokratia (Ria universite-

tis gamomcemloba, 2007). profesori navehi aris `israel-tis gamomcemloba, 2007). profesori navehi aris `israel-

palestinis ori istoriuli Txrobis swavlebis~ proeqtSi palestinis ori istoriuli Txrobis swavlebis~ proeqtSi

israelis jgufis koordinatori da mrCeveli.

doqtori robert maieridoqtori robert maieri (germania), georg (germania), georg

ekertis saxelmZRvaneloTa kvlevis saerTa-ekertis saxelmZRvaneloTa kvlevis saerTa-

Soriso institutis ufrosi mecnier-Tanam-Soriso institutis ufrosi mecnier-Tanam-

Sromeli.

doqtorma robert maierma akademiuri xari-doqtorma robert maierma akademiuri xari-

sxi marburgSi miiRo, sadac aswavlida aRmosav-sxi marburgSi miiRo, sadac aswavlida aRmosav-

leT evropis istorias 1989 wlidan 1994 leT evropis istorias 1989 wlidan 1994

wlamde. 1994 wlidan igi muSaobs georg eker-wlamde. 1994 wlidan igi muSaobs georg eker-

tis institutSi, ufrosi mecnier-TanamSromlis Tanamdebobaze. tis institutSi, ufrosi mecnier-TanamSromlis Tanamdebobaze.

igi pasuxismgebelia proeqtebze ruseTSi, poloneTsa da dsT-s igi pasuxismgebelia proeqtebze ruseTSi, poloneTsa da dsT-s

saxelmwifoebSi (2002 wlidan CexeTis respublikaSic). misi saxelmwifoebSi (2002 wlidan CexeTis respublikaSic). misi

kvlevis specifikur sferos warmoadgens centraluri da aR-kvlevis specifikur sferos warmoadgens centraluri da aR-

mosavleTi evropa. garda saxelmZRvaneloebis kvlevisa da maTi mosavleTi evropa. garda saxelmZRvaneloebis kvlevisa da maTi

samecniero eqspertizisa, is dainteresebulia stalinizmis is-samecniero eqspertizisa, is dainteresebulia stalinizmis is-

toriiT, sabWoTa kavSiris istoriiTa da sabWoTa kavSirSi qa-toriiT, sabWoTa kavSiris istoriiTa da sabWoTa kavSirSi qa-

lTa moZraobiT. mas agreTve aqvs pedagogis xarisxi istoriaSi, lTa moZraobiT. mas agreTve aqvs pedagogis xarisxi istoriaSi,

politikur mecnierebasa da rusul enasa da literaturaSi.

doqtori viken Ceterianidoqtori viken Ceteriani (Sveica- (Sveica-

ria), programaria), programa CIMERA-s direqtori.

viken Ceteriani, mecnierebaTa doq-viken Ceteriani, mecnierebaTa doq-

tori, aris Jenevis politikuri anali-tori, aris Jenevis politikuri anali-

tikosi da konsultanti, muSaobs pro g-tikosi da konsultanti, muSaobs pro g-

rama CIMERA CIMERA-saTvis. evropis ga ze TebSi -saTvis. evropis ga ze TebSi

aqveynebda statiebs kavkasiis regionSi aqveynebda statiebs kavkasiis regionSi

1990-ian wlebis konfliqtebze, aseve 1990-ian wlebis konfliqtebze, aseve

istorikosi N1 2011

127

gamosca araerTi naSromi. viken Ceterianma uxelmZRvanela ram-gamosca araerTi naSromi. viken Ceterianma uxelmZRvanela ram-

denime proeqts, agreTve daarsa kavkasiis mediis instituti denime proeqts, agreTve daarsa kavkasiis mediis instituti

erevanSi, romelsac uxelmZRvanela 2002 wlidan 2005 wlamde. erevanSi, romelsac uxelmZRvanela 2002 wlidan 2005 wlamde.

misi axali naSromis saxelwodebaa ,,omi da mSvidoba kavkasiaSi, misi axali naSromis saxelwodebaa ,,omi da mSvidoba kavkasiaSi,

ruseTis darRveuli sazRvari“ (harsti da kolumbiis univer-ruseTis darRveuli sazRvari“ (harsti da kolumbiis univer-

sitetis gamomcemloba).

elma hasimbegoviCi (bosnia-hercegovi- (bosnia-hercegovi-

na), humanitarul mecnierebaTa magistri, ev-na), humanitarul mecnierebaTa magistri, ev-

roklios saresurso wignis `Cvveulebrivi roklios saresurso wignis `Cvveulebrivi

xal xi araCveulebriv qveyanaSi. yoveldRiuri xal xi araCveulebriv qveyanaSi. yoveldRiuri

cxov reba bosnia-hercegovinaSi, xorvatiasa da cxov reba bosnia-hercegovinaSi, xorvatiasa da

serbeTSi 1945-1990 wlebSi~ Tanaredaqtori.serbeTSi 1945-1990 wlebSi~ Tanaredaqtori.

elma hasimbegoviCi daibada bosnia-herce-elma hasimbegoviCi daibada bosnia-herce-

govinaSi, saraevoSi, 1977 wels. man daamTavra govinaSi, saraevoSi, 1977 wels. man daamTavra

saraevoSi filosofiis mecnierebaTa fakulteti, istoriis saraevoSi filosofiis mecnierebaTa fakulteti, istoriis

gan xriT. budapeStis centraluri evropis universitetSi gan xriT. budapeStis centraluri evropis universitetSi

moi pova Sua saukuneebis Seswavlis mecnierebaTa magistris moi pova Sua saukuneebis Seswavlis mecnierebaTa magistris

xarisxi. amJamad, aris amave universitetis doqtoranti. aswav-xarisxi. amJamad, aris amave universitetis doqtoranti. aswav-

lida istorias saraevos gimnaziaSi, kembrijis saSualo ga-lida istorias saraevos gimnaziaSi, kembrijis saSualo ga-

naTlebis saerTaSoriso zogadi sertifikatis naTlebis saerTaSoriso zogadi sertifikatis (IGCSE) pro-gramis mixedviT. elma hasimbegoviCi aris gimnaziebisaTvis gramis mixedviT. elma hasimbegoviCi aris gimnaziebisaTvis

Sed ge nili istoriis saxelmZRvanelos avtori. man monawil-Sed ge nili istoriis saxelmZRvanelos avtori. man monawil-

eoba miiRo bosnia-hercegovinis, xorvatiisa da serbeTis gaer-eoba miiRo bosnia-hercegovinis, xorvatiisa da serbeTis gaer-

Tianebul proeqtSi, romelic exeboda socializmis periodSi Tianebul proeqtSi, romelic exeboda socializmis periodSi

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis istorias yofili iugoslaviis am sam yoveldRiuri cxovrebis istorias yofili iugoslaviis am sam

respu blikaSi. igi aris saxelmZRvaneloSi Sesuli praqtikuli respu blikaSi. igi aris saxelmZRvaneloSi Sesuli praqtikuli

dava lebebis avtori, romlebic proeqtis Sedegad daiwera. dava lebebis avtori, romlebic proeqtis Sedegad daiwera.

amJamad elma hasimbegoviCi muSaobs kuratorad bosnia-her-

cegovinis istoriis muzeumSi, sadac man moawyo ramdenime mud-cegovinis istoriis muzeumSi, sadac man moawyo ramdenime mud-

mivmoqmedi da droebiTi gamofena.

128

ineke veldhuis-meesteri (niderlandebi)

istoriis pedagogTa holandiuri asocia-

cia.

ineke veldhuis-meesteri muSaobda asi-

stent-profesorad groningenis univer-

sitetSi (niderlandebi) pedagogTa gadamza-

debis kursebze da istoriis maswavleblad,

aseve saerTaSoriso saSualo ganaTlebis

sferoSi. man Seqmna saSualo skolis pedagogebis qseli da

iyo universitetis istoriis pedagogTa instruqtorebis Tavm-

jdomare. Cabmuli iyo istoriis erovnul gamocdebSi rogorc

istoriis erovnuli gamocdebis programis Semdgeneli Se-

fasebisa da aRricxvis erovnul institutSi (CITO). muSaobda istoriis da samoqalaqo swavlebis pedagogTa erovnul sab-

WoSi, niderlandebSi (VGN 1997-2000). iyo evropis saproeqto jgufis wevri `evropis istoriis swavla da swavleba XX

saukuneSi~, kulturuli TanamSromlobis sabWo (1997-2001).

vorkSopebisa da publikaciebis saSualebiT (1991-1999), ioke

van der leu-roordTan erTad, danerga axali gamocdebi is-

toriaSi saSualo ganaTlebaSi, holandiis masStabiT. univer-

sitetidan wasvlis Semdeg groningenis merma niderlandebis

dedoflis saxeliT daajildova samefo medliT. dedofalma

mas mianiWa sapatio wodeba “Lady in the Order of Orange-Nassau” 2005. 2006 wlis Semdeg is muSaobs damoukidebel konsultan-

tad istoriis swavlebis meTodologiaSi.

fransuaz kompanieni (niderlandebi),

kulturis organizaciisa da menejmentis

departamenti, vrijes universiteti, am-

sterdami.

fransuaz kompanieni aris franguli

warmoSobis holandieli. igi swavlobda

anTrop ologias da praqtikul fsiqolo-

gias aSS-Si, belgiasa da niderlandebSi.

istorikosi N1 2011

129

igi aris asocirebuli profesori amsterdamis vrijes univer-

sitetSi. kompanienis specialoba aris interkulturuli komu-

nikacia da dialogi saqarTvelosa da niderlandebis xalxebs

Soris. aris avtori wignisa ,,tradiciulobasa da Tanamedro-

veobas Soris: arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa liderebis rolis

gaazreba saqarTvelos demokratizaciis procesSi“.

irina kostiuki (ukraina), istoriis

maswavlebelTa ukrainis asociacia „nova-

doba“. evroklio/matras proeqtis „axali

droeba, axali istoria~ koordinatori.

irina kostiuks pedagogobis 25 wliani

gamocdileba aqvs, rogorc saSualo skolis

istoriis maswavlebels da 10 wliani ga-

mocdileba, rogorc istoriisa da samo-

qalaqo ganaTlebis treners. 1994-dan 2004 wlamde parale-

lurad muSaobda lvovis regionalur institutSi rogorc

leqtori da istoriis swavlebis meTodebis specialisti.

2006-2007 wlebSi irina muSaobda meTodistad kvalifikaciis

amaRlebis lvovis regionalur centrSi, sadac bolo wlebSi

amzadebda da amowmebda testebs istoriis Sida gamocdebisT-

vis. is aris evroklios konferenciebisa da standartebis, pro-

gramebisa da saxelmZRvaneloebis problemebze evropis sabWos

seminarebis aqtiuri monawile. aris saswavlo masalebis: `Cven

_ ukrainis moqalaqeebi~ (samoqalaqo ganaTleba), `Cven vzrdiT

pirovnebas da individs~ (adamianis uflebebis swavleba isto-

riis gziT), `me, Sen, is...~ (antidiskriminaciuli ganaTleba),

ukrainaSi holokostis Sesaxeb maswavleblis wignis `xeli

moawere~, saxelmZRvanelos `istoriuli epoqa pirovnebis

TvaliT. ukraina da evropa 1900-1939 wlebSi~ _ Tanaavtori

da saganmanaTleblo redaqtori. amJamad is aris matras pro-

eqtis `ukrainuli wignebi tolerantobis ganaTlebisaTvis~

trenerebis gundis wevri.

130

iulia kuSneriova iulia kuSneriova (ruseTi), istoriis mas-

wavlebelTa moskovis asociacia, evroklio/ma-

tras proeqtis `kulturebis mozaika~ avtori.

iulia kuSneriova aris istoriisa da samo-

qalaqo ganaTlebis maswavlebeli. 1989 wli-

dan muSaobs moskovis gimnaziaSi. 1985 wels

daamTavra moskovis saxelmwifo pedagogiuri

universitetis istoriis fakulteti. iyo is-

toriis maswavlebelTa moskovis asociaciis gamgeobis wevri.

orjer dajildovda rogorc istoriis pedagogi: miiRo wo-

deba „moskovis pedagogi“ da aris proeqt `ruseTis saukeTeso

maswavleblebi~-s gamarjvebuli. evroklios aqtivobebSi Car-

Tulia 1998 wlidan rogorc monawile, koordinatori da

eqsperti. muSaobda ruseTis ganaTlebis saministros eqspertad,

saerTaSoriso avtorad da ruseTsa da ukrainaSi istoriis

ganaTlebis proeqtebis eqspertad. iulia kuSneriova araerTi

publikaciis avtoria istoriisa da istoriuli ganaTlebis

Sesaxeb. maT Soris aris saxelmZRvaneloebi `1960-iani wlebis

msoflio: iluziebi da gulgatexiloba~ (Tanaavtori) da

`kulturebis mozaika~ (Tanaavtori), enciklopedia“Etiquette” (Tanaavtori) da CD `Sua saukuneebis istoria~ Tanaavtori da redaqtori.

tomas Serlokitomas Serloki (aSS), vest pointis sam-

xedro akademiis politikur mecnierebaTa

profesori. sadoqtoro disertacia daicva

kolumbiis universitetSi, sadac kiTxu-

lobda leqciebs SedarebiTi politikis, de-

mokratizaciisa da postsabWoTa regionis

Sesaxeb. tomas Serlokis kvlevis sferoSi

Sedis identurobis politika evraziasa

da samxreT aziaSi. is aris avtori wignisa ,,istoriuli

moTxrobebi sabWoTaA kavSirSi da post sabWoTa ruseTSi~ da

Tanaavtori wignisa ,,brZola kanonierebisaTvis: demokratia

istorikosi N1 2011

131

terorizmis sapirispirod~. misi statiebi gamoqveynebulia

araerT samecniero JurnalSi, romelTa Soris aris Sedar-

ebiTi politika, komunizmis problemebi, imperiaze, istoriisa

da sazogadoebaTmcodneobis swavleba skolaSi (ruseTi), ko-

mentarebi (safrangeTi). mas ekuTvnis calkeuli Tavebi sxva-

dasxva wignSi, romelTa Soris ukanaskneli dafinansebulia

karnegis sabWos, gaeros universitetisa da saerTaSoriso

swavlebisa da kvlevis centris (parizi) mier. misi statiebi

daibeWda iseT gazeTebSi, rogoricaa interneiSenal herald

tribuni. 2005-2007 wlebSi iyo vest pointis socialur

mecnierebaTa departamentis SedarebiTi politikis mimar-

Tulebis xelmZRvaneli.

stiven stegersi ( (niderlandebi). stiven

stegersma daamTavra garemos globaluri is-

toriis fakulteti, aseve leidenis univer-

sitetis socialuri fsiqologiis fakulteti.

igi Tavis sadiplomo SromaSi xazs usvams

fundamentur cvlilebas adamianisa da garemos

urTierTobaSi mas Semdeg, rac adamianma daiwyo

wiaRiseuli energiis gamoyeneba. garda amisa

stiveni gatacebiT muSaobs interaqtiur, eleqtronul da mul-

timediur saSualebebze, rac aucilebelia istoriaSi saerTo

Temebisa da evropuli memkvidreobis Sesaswavlad.

2006 wlidan stiveni muSaobs evroklios samdivnoSi pro-

eqtebis menejerad. misi specialobaa proeqtebis Seqmna. man

warmatebuli winadadebebiT Tavisi wvlili Seitana programeb-

Si ,,swavla mTeli cxovrebis manZilze” da ,,evropa moqalaqe-

obisaTvis”. CarTulia proeqtSi „tolerantobis mSenebloba

istoriis swavlebis gziT“. ramdenjerme iyo saqarTveloSi

da exmareboda Cvens asociacias aRniSnuli proeqtis ganxor-

cielebaSi.

132

blandin smilanski (safrangeTi). blan-

dini safrangeTSi swavlobda humanitarul

fakultetze, vidre aiRebda meore diploms

Tanamedrove istoriaSi _ Carlzis univer-

sitetSi, praRaSi. mas aqvs aseve magistris

wodeba kulturis menejmentSi parizis

politikuri mecnierebebis institutidan. man

evroklios samdivnoSi proeqtebis menejerad

muSaoba daiwyo 2008 wlis maisSi. igi dResdReobiT muSaobs

sxvadasxva mimdinare programebSi: ,,evropis warsuli, awmyo

da momavali”, ,,tolerantobis mSenebloba istoriis swavlebis

gziT”. am ukanasknelze muSaobisas araerTxel iyo saqarT-

veloSi da exmareboda Cvens asociacias aRniSnuli proeqtis

ganxorcielebaSi.

patrik barkeripatrik barkeri (gaerTianebuli samefo),

evroklio _ istoriis pedagogTa evropuli

asociacia.

patrik barkerma 2009 wlis ivlisSi

daamTavra manCesteris universiteti (didi

britaneTi) da miiRo bakalavris xarisxi

politikasa da uaxles istoriaSi. muSao-

bda evroklios proeqtis (istoriis peda-

gogTaTvis) asistentad bulgareTSi, bosnia-hercegovinasa da

TurqeTSi. misi sabakalavro xarisxi moicavs interkulturul

vaWrobas Tanamedrove epoqis dasawyisSi. evroklioSi muSaob-

da proeqtis dagegmvaze dasavleT balkaneTisTvis da saerTa-

Soriso kvleviT proeqtebze, romlebic Seexeboda istoriis

swavlebis reformaTa iniciativebis gavlenas. amJamad patrik

barkeri saqarTvelos proeqtis ,,tolerantobis mSenebloba

istoriis swavlebis gziT~ asistentia da nayofierad TanamS-

romlobs Cvens asociaciasTan.

istorikosi N1 2011

133

r e c e n z i a

cota xnis win, gamomcemloba „ji-

siai“-m frangi avtoris, iv tisies me-

tad saintereso, fundamenturi naSromi

gamosca. avtors mis saxelwodebad

„evropis leqsikoni“ SeurCevia. erTi

SexedviT, ZiriTadi saTauri ar axdens

STabeWdilebas, magram mkiTxvels wig-

nisadmi sruliad ganawyobs iqve mcire

asoebiT miwerili saTauris ganmarteba:

„gamqrali da Tanamedrove saxelmwi-

foebi 1789 wlidan dRemde“. ganmarteba naTels hfens naSro-

mis dedaarss da did interess aRuZravs mkiTxvels.

naSromi gamorCeulad mainc qarTvel istorikosebs, poli-

tologebsa da moqmed politikosebs (rogorc gamobrZmedil,

aseve damwyebs) daainteresebs. masSi xom bevri iseTi saWir-

boroto da saintereso sakiTxia ganxiluli, romelic prob-

lematuria dRevandeli saqarTvelosTvis da axlo momavalSi

gadawyvets kidec misi saxelmwifoebriobis beds, mis momavals.

vfiqrobT, saintereso da aucilebeli iqneba igi aseve stu-

dentTaTvis, romlebic zemoT CamoTvlil specialobebs eufle-

bian. wigni bevr iseT movlenas gaacnobs maT, romelTa gareSec

faqtobrivad SeuZlebeli iqneboda evropaSi mimdinare poli-

tikuri procesebis gasigrZeganeba.

erTi mxriv, albaT didma interesma da imavdroulad qar-

Tuli saxelmwifosTvis mniSvnelovanma aqtualobam ganapiroba

swored am wigniT qarTvel istorikos-mkvlevarTa daintere-

axali gamocemebi da recenziebi

134

seba. igi iTargmna marina balavaZisa da nana cqitiSvilis mier.

wignis redaqtoria istorikosi, cnobili mecnieri da pedagogi,

profesori oTar janeliZe. naSromi stilisturad sakmaod

gamarTulia, Targmnilia Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteraturo

eniT da ikiTxeba sainteresod. amitom igi udavod karg STabe-

Wdilebas moaxdens mkiTxvelze.

evropismcodneoba, rogorc samecniero mimarTuleba, CvenSi

ssrk-s daSlis Semdeg gaCnda, magram igi jer kidev Camoyali-

bebisa da ganviTarebis procesSia. migvaCnia, rom am naSromis ga-

mocema mniSvnelovani etapia saistorio mecnierebis am dargis

ganviTarebis gzaze. wignis mniSvnelobas kidev ufro zrdis

is garemoeba, rom am dargSi msgavsi moculobisa da Sinaarsis

monografia CvenSi pirvelad iTargmna.

naSromi Sedgeba Sesavlis, oTxi nawilis, sarCevis, ruka-

Ta sarCevis da politikuri rukebis krebulisagan. yovelive

moicavsB5 formatis 825 gverds. masSi warmodgenilia daw-

vrilebiTi informacia, Tu ra teritoriuli cvlilebebi gani-

cades evropis saxelmwifoebma safrangeTis didi revoluciis

Semdeg, rogor daaCqara am didma istoriulma movlenam maTi

politikuri, socialur-ekonomikuri da kulturuli trans-

formacia. mkiTxveli gaecnoba, politikuri ganviTarebis ra

fazebi ganvlo evropam 1789 wlidan moyolebuli dRemde.

ratom warmoiSva an piriqiT, gaqra evropis rukidan rigi sax-

elmwifoebisa. avtori, konkretuli istoriuli faqtebis kon-

stataciis safuZvelze cdilobs axsnas, Tu ratom gamoiyureba

evropis politikuri ruka ase dRes; is, Tu rogor viTarde-

bodnen evropis saxelmwifoebi me-18 s-is bolodan dRemde.

naSromSi araa gamorCeuli cnobili da naklebad cnobili,

didi da patara, an gamqrali saxelmwifoebi. avtori cdilobs,

politikuri wonidan da avtoritetidan gamomdinare, vrclad

an mokled, yvela maTgani gaacnos dainteresebul pirs. misi

mizania aRweros politikuri bataliebi, romlebmac ganapi-

robes am saxelmwifoTa aRzeveba an dacema, anda zogierTis

sruliad gaqroba evropis politikuri rukidan.

istorikosi N1 2011

135

safrangeTis didi revolucia WeSmaritad uZlieresi bi-

Zgi iyo axali wesrigis damyarebisa evropis saxelmwifoebSi.

man zRvari dado Zvel, tradiciul, feodalur da axal, mod-

ernizebul, ganviTarebul evropas Soris. safrangeTis revo-

luciis Semdeg ki venis kongresi iyo is pirveli legitimuri

saerTaSoriso organizacia, romelmac daakanona axali wesrigi

evropaSi da kontinentze droebiT daabalansa politikuri

Zalebi. kongresis gadawyvetilebebma, samxedro-politikuri

Zlierebidan da saerTaSoriso avtoritetidan gamomdinare,

yvela saxelm wifos miuCina Tavisi adgili. evropis sazRvrebis

pirveli seriozuli gadanawileba swored aqedan daiwyo.

naSromSi danarTis saxiT warmodgenilia informacia ro-

gorc friad mniSvnelovan, aseve SedarebiT naklebad cno-

bil, TiTqmis miviwyebul movlenebsa da problemebze evropis

istoriidan: germaniis saRvTo romis imperiaze; napoleonis

sarezervo teritoriebze; rainis konfederaciaze; germaniis

konfederaciaze; meore raixze; ZiriTad diplomatiur aqtebze

1789 wlidan dRemde da sxva. erTad Tavmoyrili es masalebi

erTian monografiad aqamde ar gamoqveynebula. vfiqrobT, naS-

romis mniSvnelobaze esec kargad metyvelebs.

wignis gacnobisas erTi momenti mkiTxvels uciloblad

moxvdeba TvalSi. masSi saTanadodaa aRwerili aramarto ruse-

Tis imperiisa da misi memkvidris, sabWoTa kavSiris istoria. aq

Cven vxvdebiT ssrk-s nangrevebze aRmocenebul iseT evropul

saxelmwifoebs, rogorebicaa: belorusi, estoneTi, litva, lat-

via, moldova da ukraina. kavkasiis yelis qveynebs: saqarTvelos,

somxeTisa da azerbaijanis respublikebs avtori naSromSi ar

ganixilavs. CvenTvis es, erTi SexedviT, SeiZleba gulsatkenia,

magram ar aris miuRebeli. Tanamedrove geografiis princi-

pebidan Tu amovalT, aseTi midgoma sruliad gasagebia, magram

geostrategiuli TvalsazrisiT, evropel swavlulTa aseTi

pozicia vfiqrobT, TviT evropisTvis qmnis problemas. aqve

isic unda vTqvaT, rom jer kidev geografiis mamad wodebuli

strabonidan moyolebuli, kavkasiis da miTumetes saqarTvelos

136

(konkretulad das. saqarTvelos) teritoriis evropaze Tu

aziaze mikuTvneba, sxvadasxva epoqaSi sxvadasxvanairad wyde-

boda. sabolood, albaT, dro yvelafers miuCens Tavis adgils.

naSromi ar warmoadgens saxelmZRvanelos da arc aqvs amis

pretenzia. igi marTlac kargi leqsikonia, magram aqve unda

iTqvas erTi mniSvnelovani ram. masSi imdenad bevri da sain-

tereso masalaa Tavmoyrili evropis saxelmwifoebze, rom

mkiTxvels sakmaod mdidar informacias awvdis maT Sesaxeb.

amitom, iv tisies zemoTxsenebuli naSromis Targmna, udavod

saWiro, drouli da mniSvnelovania evropis istoriiT dain-

teresebuli farTo auditoriisaTvis.

naSromi kargi stimulia Cveni istorikosebis, geografebisa

da politologebisaTvis, raTa samomavlod msgavsi leqsikoni

an mcire enciklopedia mieZRvnas kavkasias, anda Savi zRvis au-

zis qveynebs. igi uciloblad daakmayofilebs universitetebis

profesor-maswavlebelTa, mecnierTa, studentTa da ubralod,

dainteresebul pirTa ukmarisobis grZnobas am kuTxiT da re-

gionuli TanamSromlobis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebs uTuod

gazrdis.

naSromi, udavod, saWiroc aris da droulic. politikosebma

uciloblad unda gaiTvaliswinon masSi aRweril saxelmwi-

foTa istoria da yvela is niuansi, romlebmac ganapiroba maTi

Semdgomi bedi. metic, maT igi samagido wignad unda aqcion. igi

did daxmarebas gauwevs profesionalebs, saTanadod gaerkvnen

im farul, kuluarul politikur dinebebsa da qmedebebSi, rac

warmarTavda da dResac warmarTavs evropis qveynebis politi-

kas. es ki aucilebelia Tundac imisTvis, rom dRes gansacdel-

Si myofma, didi politikis oromtrialsa da manipulaciebSi

CaTreulma saqarTvelom SeinarCunos saxelmwifoebrioba da

ar gaiziaros evropis politikuri rukidan gamqral saxelm-

wifoTa bedi.

istoriis doqtori giorgi kiknaZe

istorikosi N1 2011

137

nodar asaTiani, oTar janeliZe

saqarTvelos istoria,

Tb., ,,petiti“, 2009

(ing lisur enaze)

wigni ZiriTadad ucxoeli mkiTx-

velisTvisaa gamiznuli. Cveni qveynis

warsulis ganmazogadebel am naSromSi

saqarTvelos istoria uZvelesi droidan 2008 wlis agvistos

ruseT-saqarTvelos omis CaTvliT kompleqsuradaa ganxiluli.

wignSi gaSuqebulia yvela qveynis socialur-politikuri,

ekonomikuri da kulturuli ganviTarebis problemebi, magram

naSromis umetesi nawili sabWoTa da postkomunisturi sinamd-

vilis warmoCenas eZRvneba, rac sazRvargareT am sakiTxebi-

sadmi arsebuli didi interesiTaa ganpirobebuli. sainteresod

SerCeuli fotomasaliT ilustrirebul wigns daerTvis is-

torikos manana SeyilaZis mier specialurad am naSromisaTvis

inglisur enaze Sedgenili feradi rukebi

levan bregaZe

mogzauroba „kaukaziSe postis“

furclebze

Tb., ,,artanuji”, 2010

levan bregaZis naSromSi monografi-

uladaa Seswavlili TbilisSi, 1906-

1914 wlebSi gamomavali germanuli

138

gazeTi „kaukaziSe po sti“. umTavresi yuradReba eqceva kavkasi-

uri Tema tikis Semcve li masalebis analizs.

wigni gamoadgeba kavkasiologebs, germanul -qarTuli, kavka-

siuri literaturul-kulturuli urTierTobebis mkvlevarT,

Jurnalistebs, literaturaTmcodneebs, Targmanis Teore ti-

k osebs, lingvistebs, istorikosebs. mas interesiT wai kiT xavs

agreTve yvela, visac Tavgadasavali izidavs, adamianebis, teq-

stebis, sityvebis Tavgadasavali.

oTar janeliZe

saqarTvelos axali da Tanamedrove

istoria, Tb., „universali“, 2009

wignSi gadmocemulia saqarTve-

los istoria XIX saukunis damdegidan

2008 wlis agvistos ruseT-saqarTve-

los omis CaTvliT.

naSromi gamorCeulia imiT, rom mas-

Si mocemulia 1801-1917 wlebSi saqarTvelos rus xelisufal-

Ta moRvaweobis uaryofiTi da dadebiTi Sedegebi, gamokveTilia

yvela mTavarmarTeblisa da mefisnacvlis portreti, gaanali-

zebulia saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis saSinao da

sagareo politika 1918-1921 wlebSi, Seswavlilia komunistu-

ri periodis saqarTvelos Suq-Crdilebi, mimoxilulia postsa-

bWoTa xanis miRwevebi da gamowvevebi suverenuli da demokra-

tiuli saxelmwifoebriobis aRmSeneblobis mimarTulebiT da

sxva sakiTxebi.

istorikosi N1 2011

139

revaz gaCeCilaZe

Cemi XX saukune

Tb., ,,bakur sulakauris

gamomcemloba“, 2009

avtori wina saukunis saqarTvelos

msoflio geopolitikisa da istoriis

konteqstSi ganixilavs. wigni XX sauku-

nis I naxevris iseTi saintereso da mniS-

vnelovani sakiTxebis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs,

rogorebicaa: pirveli da meore msoflio omebi, maTi mizezebi

da Sedegebi; ruseTis romanovebis, germaniis hohencolernebis,

avstria-ungreTis habsburgebis, TurqeTis osmanTa imperiebis

saxelebis waSla msoflios politikuri rukidan da sxva.

mariam CxartiSvili

istoriuli mecnierebis Sesavali.

(saleqcio kursis

konspeqturi gadmocema),

Tb., „universali“, 2009

istoria ara marto gmiruli warsulis

faqtebis xsovnaa, aramed samecniero dis-

ciplina, romelic gardasuli sinamdvilis

reprezentacias axdens racionaluri Sem-

ecnebis gziT da specifikuri diskursis

meSveobiT. ra ganasxvevebs istorias adamianTmcodneobis sxva

dargebisagan (da, sazogadod, yvela sxva mecnierebisagan) da ra

saxis codnisa da unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibebaa saWiro imisaTvis,

rom profesionali istorikosi gaxdeT? wigni dainteresebul

mkiTxvels am kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemaSi daexmareba.

140

giorgi kiknaZe

saqarTvelos istoria

Tb., „zena“, 2010

sakiTxavi wigni _ `saqarTvelos is-

toria” uwinaresad saSualo asakis mo-

swavleebzea gaTvlili. igi warmoadgens

mcdelobas, SeZlebisdagvarad mokled, ma-

gram informatiulad mouTxros bavSvebs

Cveni qveynis warsuli. wigni sakmaod

lamazadaa gaformebuli feradi ilustraciebiT. aq mravladaa

gamoyenebuli specialurad am asakis bavSvebisaTvis Seqmnili

istoriuli rukebi, rac wigns kidev ufro sainteresos da mim-

zidvels xdis. wigni warmoadgens ortomeulis pirvel nawils.

uaxloes momavalSi misi meore nawilis gamocemac igegmeba.

nana soloRaSvili

qarTl-kaxeTis politikuri

mdgomareoba XVIII s. I naxevarSi,

Tb., ,, Tamarioni“, 2010

naSromi eyrdnoba dRemde gamouqvey-

nebel istoriul dokumentebs, ris sa-

fuZvelzec istoriul mecnierebaSi

aqamde arsebuli Sexedulebebisagan gan-

sxvavebulad aris war moCenili XVIII s.

qarTlisa da kaxe Tis samefoebis politikuri istoriis zogi-

erTi sakiTxi.

wignSi axleburadaa gaSuqebuli qarTlis mefe vaxtang VI-

isa da kaxeTis mefeebis, daviT imamyuli-xanisa da konstantine

mahmadyuli-xanis urTierTobebi. aseve, srulad aris gaSuqe-

buli Teimuraz-erekles politikuri moRvaweoba 1762 wlamde.

istorikosi N1 2011

141

mTavari redaqtorisagan ......................................................................................... 3

asociacia da misi partniorebi

nana cixisTavinana cixisTavi _ istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos

asociacia ........................................................................................................................... 5

ioke van der leu-roordiioke van der leu-roordi _ evroklios istoria................................ 10

nana cixisTavinana cixisTavi _ proeqti ,,tolerantobis mSenebloba

saqarTveloSi istoriis swavlebis gziT“...................................................20

elene meZmariaSvilielene meZmariaSvili _ krebuli `rogor vicxovreT erTad

saqarTveloSi XX saukuneSi~ (anotacia) .....................................................32

saerTaSoriso siaxleebi istoriis swavlebaSi

ioke van der leu-roordiioke van der leu-roordi _ ganaTleba inkluziurobis,

cnobierebis amaRlebisa da tolerantobisaTvis: ZiriTadi

Temebi sakiTxis droulobisa da mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb ......................43

robert maierirobert maieri _ interkulturalizmi da istoriis swavleba ....63

qarTveli istorikosebis saerTaSoriso

urTierTobebi

Sorena xecurianiSorena xecuriani _ naimexenis gakveTilebi anu qarTvel

istorikosTa evropuli integracia ..............................................................72

mecniereba da ganaTleba

nino kiRuraZenino kiRuraZe _ nacionalisturi narativi da interkulturuli

istoria axal qarTul saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebSi ..........................78

leri TavaZeleri TavaZe _ saistorio kvlevis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi

– ra aris saWiro ........................................................................................................89

giorgi kiknaZegiorgi kiknaZe _ saqarTvelosa da niderlandebis

urTierTobis saTaveebTan .....................................................................................94

elene bodavelielene bodaveli _ istoriis swavlebis problemebi

multieTnikur sazogadoebaSi (saqarTvelos magaliTi) ....................100

istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociaciis

mimdinare saqmeebi (manana SeyilaZe)manana SeyilaZe) ................................................. 110

Cveni saerTaSoriso eqspertebi ......................................................122

axali gamocemebi da recenziebi................................................... 133

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