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Ist Nachhaltigkeit messbar?
Farbe und Lack Konferenz “Biobasierte Beschichtungssysteme” 29. November 2012, Stuttgart Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Engenhorst Coatings & Additives, Evonik Industries AG
Farbe und Lack Konferenz “Biobasierte Beschichtungssysteme”, 29. November 2012 | Thomas Engenhorst Page 2
Outline
Sustainability
Life Cycle Assessment
Biobased vs. petrochemical coatings
Conclusion
Farbe und Lack Konferenz “Biobasierte Beschichtungssysteme”, 29. November 2012 | Thomas Engenhorst Page 3
CEPE’s “Sustainable Development” Charter defines
sustainability for the industry
Brundtland Report (1987):
»Sustainable development is development that
meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs«.
“CEPE members consider a development to be
sustainable only when its impacts on the three
pillars of sustainability, being people, planet and
prosperity, have been assessed and when they do
not violate the below described principles
or the conditions for these three.”
“It is CEPE’s opinion that Life Cycle Assessments
(LCAs) form the basis on which decisions on
sustainable developments should be made.”
Source: CEPE (European Council of producers and
importers of paints, printing inks and artists' colours)
Farbe und Lack Konferenz “Biobasierte Beschichtungssysteme”, 29. November 2012 | Thomas Engenhorst Page 4
CEFIC’s “To do list for product sustainability”
• Encourage lifecycle thinking
• Engage with your customers and suppliers
• Understand exactly where your product or service
adds value
• Know where your environmental hotspots are
• Measure, monitor and manage
• Turn a waste into a resource
• Keep up to date with policy and regulatory
requirements
• Use sound science in your decisions
• Ensure transparency
CEFIC promotes Life Cycle Thinking in its new
publication on product sustainability
Source: CEFIC (2012)
Farbe und Lack Konferenz “Biobasierte Beschichtungssysteme”, 29. November 2012 | Thomas Engenhorst Page 5
Outline
Sustainability
Life Cycle Assessment
Biobased vs. petrochemical coatings
Conclusion
Farbe und Lack Konferenz “Biobasierte Beschichtungssysteme”, 29. November 2012 | Thomas Engenhorst Page 6
Life Cycle Assessment is a standardized method for
evaluating potential environmental impacts
Raw
material
Energy
Production Product
Distribution Use „Disposal“
2nd life
• Evaluation of inputs, outputs and the
potential environmental impacts of a
product system throughout its life cycle
• Life cycle means from raw material
acquisition or generation from natural
resources to final disposal
• Different environmental impact
categories can be assessed, e.g.
Global Warming Potential (Carbon
Footprint, measured in kg CO2-Equiv.)
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) according
to ISO 14040 / ISO 14044
Farbe und Lack Konferenz “Biobasierte Beschichtungssysteme”, 29. November 2012 | Thomas Engenhorst Page 7
Example 1: LCA study on powder coatings shows
advantages for polyester compared to epoxy
LCA comparison of two types of powder coatings
for the „foot cross“ of an office chair Key assumptions: Same life time and same coating thickness
Source: Int J Life Cycle Assess (2011) 16:819–828
Farbe und Lack Konferenz “Biobasierte Beschichtungssysteme”, 29. November 2012 | Thomas Engenhorst Page 8
Example 2: LCA “Cradle-to-Grave” reveals
environmental benefits of cold spray plastic
compared to three other major road marking systems
CSP TSP Water Solvent
Thickness / mm 0.6 1.2 0.6 0.6
Lifetime / a 2.5 2.0 1.0 1.0
cold spray plastic thermo spray plastic water based solvent based
LCA of road marking spray systems
• Scope: “Cradle-to-grave” per 10 years per km
• Review by external expert panel according to ISO 14040/44
Farbe und Lack Konferenz “Biobasierte Beschichtungssysteme”, 29. November 2012 | Thomas Engenhorst Page 9
Example 3: Silicone industry recently calculated GHG
emission savings enabled by product applications
Source: CES (2012) GHG: Greenhouse Gas
CES: European Silicone Center
The “Benefit/impact ratio”:
Ratio of the benefit realized by the silicone
product vs. GHG emissions from the
production and end-of-life phases of the
silicone product.
Selection of case studies:
Farbe und Lack Konferenz “Biobasierte Beschichtungssysteme”, 29. November 2012 | Thomas Engenhorst Page 10
Outline
Sustainability
Life Cycle Assessment
Biobased vs. petrochemical coatings
Conclusion
Farbe und Lack Konferenz “Biobasierte Beschichtungssysteme”, 29. November 2012 | Thomas Engenhorst Page 11
Biomass is used in 3 competitive sectors
Crop land (limited)
Biomass
Material
sector Energy
sector Food
Rising
population,
degrading land
CO2 uptake
during growth
Farbe und Lack Konferenz “Biobasierte Beschichtungssysteme”, 29. November 2012 | Thomas Engenhorst Page 12
EU Renewable Energy Directive requires GHG
savings from “Well to Wheel”
Source: EU directive 2009/28/EC GHG: Greenhouse Gas
Farbe und Lack Konferenz “Biobasierte Beschichtungssysteme”, 29. November 2012 | Thomas Engenhorst Page 13
Meta-analysis of LCA studies shows no clear picture
when evaluating biobased vs. conventional materials
Main findings of a meta-analysis of 44 LCA studies:
Biobased materials generally lead to:
- Reduced primary energy demand and GHG emissions
- Increase of eutrophication and stratospheric ozone depletion
- No clear trend re acidification and photochemical ozone formation
But:
- General conclusions difficult due to variability in the results
- Additional land use impacts were not quantified, but strongly
recommended for evaluation, e.g. biodiversity loss and GHG
emissions by deforestation
Evaluation of Biodiversity loss: e.g. guidelines by WBCSD or
“European Business and Biodiversity Campaign”
Evaluation of GHG emissions by deforestation: e.g.
guidelines by GHG Protocol or ISO 14067
GHG: Greenhouse Gas Source: Journal of Industrial Ecology, Volume
16, Issue s1, April 2012, Pages: S169–S181
Farbe und Lack Konferenz “Biobasierte Beschichtungssysteme”, 29. November 2012 | Thomas Engenhorst Page 14
Outline
Sustainability
Life Cycle Assessment
Biobased vs. petrochemical coatings
Conclusion
Farbe und Lack Konferenz “Biobasierte Beschichtungssysteme”, 29. November 2012 | Thomas Engenhorst Page 15
Conclusion
Raw
material
Energy
Production Product
Distribution Use „Disposal“
2nd life
1. Biobased coatings are not sustainable per se
2. Life Cycle Assessment studies can help to
understand and improve sustainability characteristics
3. Collaboration along the value chain is essential
Farbe und Lack Konferenz “Biobasierte Beschichtungssysteme”, 29. November 2012 | Thomas Engenhorst Page 16