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ISSI Meeting, Bern 19-23 January 2014
New 3D photochemical global model
with ions in D-region: The instrument for solar-atmospheric relations study
Alexei Krivolutsky
Lidiya Cherepanova, Tatyana Vyushkova,
and Alexander Repnev
Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics
Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region
Russia
Outline
• 1. Model description• 2. Results of simulations:• - neutral compounds;• - electrons;• - other ions.• 3. Effects of solar cycle• 4. Conclusions •
MODELCHARM – I (CHemical Atmospheric Research Model with Ions)
(Krivolutsky et al., 2015)
Heights: 0-90 km
P, L – photochemical sources and losses U, V, W – wind components, µ – mixing rationumber of species: neutrals – 41; ions – 23number of chemical reactions (total): 194 Photodissociation and ionization rates (total) : 48Methods: “chemical families” for neutrals (Turco, Whitten, 1974) “electroneutrality” for ions Prather’s scheme for advection ( Prather, 1986)Resolution: 2 km Х 5 Х 5 deg., Time step: 100 s
tUa
Va
Wz
P LAD cos
List of neutral species
• “Families”
• Ox = O3 + O(3P) + O(1D);
• NOy =N + NO + NO2 + NO3 + 2N2O5 + HNO3 + HO2NO2 + ClNO3+N(2D);
• Cly=Cl + ClO + OClO + ClOO + HOCl + HCl;
• HOx=H + OH + HO2 + 2H2O2 ;
others
• CH3, CH2O, CH3O2, CH3O2H, CH3O, CHO, CO.
• О2(1g)
• Source-gases
• CH4, CO2, N2O, СF2Cl2, CFCl3, H2, Cl4, Cl2, СН3Cl, CH2Cl,
• О2, N2 (fixed profiles), H2O(fixed global field/HALOE).
•
PHOTODISSOCIATION RATES (CHARM-I)
O2+h O+O(1D) N2O5+h NO2+NO3 H2O+h H+OH
O2+h O+O HNO3+h OH+NO2 CF2Cl2+h products
O3+h O+O2 CLONO2+h Cl+NO3 CFCl3+h products
O3+h O(1D)+O2 HCl+h H+Cl CH4+h CH3+H
H2O2+h OH+OH ClO+h Cl+O CH4+h CH2+H2
NO2+h NO+O(1 D) NO3+h NO+O2 CCl4+h products
HNO3+h H+NO3 H2O2+h OH+OH CH3Cl+h CH3+Cl
HOCl+h Cl+HO CO2+h CO+O N2O+h N2+O(1D)
N2O5+h 2NO2+O HO2NO2+h HO2+NO2 Cl2+h Cl+Cl
NO+h N+O NO2+h NO+O NO3+h NO2+O
List of ionized compounds
• Positive:
• O2+ O4
+ O2+(H2O) H+ (H2O) H+ (H2O)3
• H+ (H2O)4 H+ (H2O)2
• NO+N2 NO+CO2 NO+(H2O) NO+(H2O)2 NO+(H2O)3 NO+
• Negative: [e]
• O2 - O3
- O4- CO4
- O- OH- CO3- O2
- (H2O) HCO3-
• •
Ionization
• 1-10 nm ( X-Rays)
• 102,7-111,8 nm О2(1g)
• q(z)=n(O2(1g))0,54910-9exp(-2,406 10-20
• N(O2)+2,61410-9 exp(-8,50810-20N(O2))
• 121,6 nm ( Lα ) NO
• GCRs (Heaps, 1978) •
,),()2()2(exp)()()(
z
zdzChOnOaLyINOniNOzLyq
ARM -Atmospheric Research Model (GCM)(Krivolutsky et al., 2012)
Altitudes: 0-135 кмResolutions: vertical– 1 km;longitudinal – 100; latitudinal– 50
time step – 5 min.Paramaterizations:Heating - О2, О3, Н2О (Strobel, 1978; Chou et al., 2002); IR cooling- СО2, О3, H2O, NО ( Chou et al., 2002; Fomichev, 2003; Kockarts, 1980), IGWs (Lindzen, 1981)Planetary waves at lower boundary (S=1,2.3)
Global temperature field for July (К)(Krivolutsky et al, 2012)
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
Latitude
20
40
60
80
100
120
Hei
ght
100
130
150
160
190
200
210
220
240
250
270
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
Zonal wind structure (m/s) for July (Krivolutsky et. al, 2012)
Height (km)
latitude
Amplitude of D tidal component in zonal wind (m/s) July (Krivolutsky et al., 2012) Height (km)
latitude
-80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
Amplitude of SD tidal component in zonal wind (m/s) July (Krivolutsky et al., 2012) Height (km)
latitude
-80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
24681012141618202224262830323436384042
Neutral compounds: O3 ( ppmv) January
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80Latitude
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80H
eigh
t (km
)
Neutral compounds: NOy ( ppbv) January(CHARM-I)
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80Latitude
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80H
eigh
t (km
)
Neutral compounds: HNO3 ( ppbv) January (CHARM-I)
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80Latitude
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80H
eigh
t (km
)
Neutral compounds: N2O ( ppbv) January
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80Latitude
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80H
eigh
t (km
)
Calculated ionization rate by Lα
Electron density, 80 km (number/cm**3) 1st January (00:00 UT) Latitude
Longitude
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
-50
0
50
IONS: electron density, 60 km (number/cm**3) 1st January (00:00 UT)
NO+ (number/cm**3) at 80 km 1st January (00:00 UT)
NO+ (number/cm**3) at 70 km 1st January (00:00 UT)
O2+ (number/cm**3) at 80 km 1st January (00:00 UT)
O2+ (number/cm**3) at 70 km 1st January (00:00 UT)
O-2
(number/cm**3) at 80 km1st January (00:00 UT)
O-2
(number/cm**3) at 60 km1st January (00:00 UT)
1E+002 1E+004 1E+006 1E+008 1E+010
40
50
60
70
80
90
He
igh
t (k
m)
C O 4-C O 3-
H C O 3- e
C oncentration (m -3)
45oN
1st January (noon)
1st January (noon)
1E +001 1E +003 1E +005 1E +007 1E +009
40
50
60
70
80
90H
eig
ht
(km
)
O 2-
O 2-H 2O
O 3-
e
C oncentration (m -3)
45oN
1st January (noon)
1E -001 1E +001 1E +003 1E +005 1E +007 1E +009
40
50
60
70
80
90
He
igh
t (k
m)
N O +
N O +H 2O
N O +(H 2O )3
C oncentration (m -3)
45oN
electrons (number/m**3) 45 N (noon)
POSITIVE IONS: O2+ (number/m**3) 45 N (noon)
POSITIVE IONS: H+(H2O)4 (number/m**3) 45 N (noon)
POSITIVE IONS: O2+H2O
45 N (noon)
• Effects of solar cycle simulated
• with CHARM-I
Solar cycle in UV radiation(Matthew et al., 2012)
Solar UV variations (164,5 нм)
Solar UV spectrum variations used in model runs
Ozone change (%) max-min
Ox change (%) max-min
HOx change (%) max-min
NOy change (%) max-min
Simulated changes in electron density (%)between max. and min. of solar cycle
(January)
Simulated changes in NO+ (%)between max. and min. of solar cycle
(January)
Simulated changes in NO+ (H2O) (%)between max. and min. of solar cycle
(January)
Simulated changes in O2+ (%)
between max. and min. of solar cycle (January)
Concluding remarks
• 1. It seems that CHARM-I reproduces ion and neutral composition well.
• 2. UV variations disturb neutrals ( ozone etc) and ion composition due to its interactions.
• 3. Solar cycle in ionization was included
• only by Lα , Lβ
• 4. Effect of particles will be included.
Thank you for your attention!