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10/18/2015 Israel Profile
http://www.genevaacademy.ch/RULAC/state.php?id_state=113 1/1
ACCESS TO GLOBAL DATABASE BY STATE OR TERRITORY
I NVOLVEMENT I NARMED CONFL ICT Current confl icts Peace operations Appl icable in ternational law LEGAL FRAMEWORK Na t i o n a lLegisla tion Judicia l decisions Other I n t e r n a t i o n a lIn ternational treaties adherence Judicia l decisions Peace treaties UN resolutions and reports Other
I s r a e l
Populat ion: 7.3 million (UN, 2010) Border countries: Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Sy r ia
The div is ion of the former Br it ish mandate of Pales tine and the c reation of the s tate of Is rael inthe years after the end of Wor ld War II has been at the hear t of Middle Eas tern conflic t for thepas t half century .
The c reation of Is rael was the culmination of the Z ionis t movement, whose aim was a homelandfor Jews scattered all over the wor ld. After the Naz i Holocaus t, pressure grew for theinternational recognit ion of a Jewish s tate, and in 1948 Is rael came into being.
Much of the his tory of the region s ince that t ime has been one of conflic t between Is rael on ones ide and the Pales tinians , represented by the Pales tine Liberation Organisation (PLO) , andIs rael's Arab neighbours , on the other . Hundreds of thousands of Pales tinians were displaced,and several wars were fought involv ing Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Sy r ia.
Pales tinians in the Wes t Bank , inc luding Eas t Jerusalem, have lived under Is raeli occupations ince 1967. The sett lements that Is rael has built in the Wes t Bank are home to around 400,000people and are deemed to be illegal under international law, although Is rael disputes this .
In 2005 Is rael withdrew its forces and evacuated its sett lers from the Gaza Str ip. However ,after the militant Is lamic group Hamas seized control of Gaza in June 2007, Is rael intens if ied itseconomic blockade of the Gaza Str ip and dec lared it "hos tile ter r itory ". In late December 2008,Is rael init iated an aer ial attack agains t Hamas in the Gaza Str ip and in ear ly January 2009, itsarmed forces reentered Gaza. The Is raeli government said the operation was aimed ats topping inc reas ingly frequent rocket attacks launched agains t southern Is rael from Gaza.Several hundred Pales tinians were repor ted k illed and more than two thousand others injured inthe f ighting. (See updates on Gaza in Cur rent conflic ts sec tion and Applicable international lawsec tion.)
In 1979, Egypt and Is rael s igned a peace agreement, but it was not until the ear ly 1990s , afteryears of an upr is ing known as the int ifada, that a peace process began with the Pales tinians .Despite the handover of Gaza and par ts of the Wes t Bank to Pales tinian control, a " f inal s tatus "agreement has yet to be reached. The main s tumbling blocks inc lude the s tatus of Jerusalemand the fate of Pales tinian refugees and Jewish sett lements .
Is raeli and Pales tinian leaders resumed direc t peace negotiations in Washington in September2010, their f ir s t face to face talks s ince December 2008. However , negotiations have beens talled s ince September 2011 following Is rael’s refusal to ex tend a tenmonth freeze onsett lement ac tiv ity in the occupied Pales tinian ter r itory . On 29 March 2011, a United Nationsregional meeting to suppor t Is raeliPales tinian peace opened in Uruguay with the purpose ofresuming the peace process .
This overv iew is adapt ed f rom t he BBC onl ine c ount ry prof i le of I s rael .
I s r a e l l i n k s
S u n d a y , 1 8 O c t o b e r 2 0 1 5
Co p y r i g h t 2 0 1 5 © G e n e v a A c a d e my o f I n t e r n a t i o n a l H u ma n i t a r i a n L a w a n d Hu ma n R i g h t s , S w i t z e r l a n d we b ma s t e r