Contents 1RAID 3 4 5 8 11 20 30 36 37 38- 44 - 47 , 5154 56

, , , , RAM , , , . : , , , , , , , : , . (, , ) , , : , , , , ,

Fajl server: , . , , , RAID RAID , RAID RAID 0 , , RAID 1 . . RAID 5 , RAID 6 - , RAID , : , RAID RAID RAID : RAID . . , . , . , , , . .

. , , , , , , . : , , , , , , , , . , . : , , , , , : , , , , . , . , , : (. Piggybacking) , , , , , . : . . : , , : , ( ) . , , . . : (, ) () , : . . . . , , . .

ZAHTEVI KOJI SE POSTAVLJAJU , , : , . , . . , , . FIFO . , .

: (. flow) (. stream) : : . (. throughput) : : , , ... : , ... : ? , : , . - , , : : , , , , ... : , , , : Resource Specification Language Simple Prerequisite Description Format : , ... , CCD-a : , , , , . : , , . , . : : . . : ( ) ( , ) : : . , , , . , . : : , . , , , . , , . , , , . , . : : , . . , . : . , . , (TCP/IP-), , . : , , , , . , . , MPEG-a . : : , - : . : , , . . , , . . , , . , . : . . : . , . , . , . : . . : , . , MPEG , , , . . : : , , : , : . ( JPEG , MJPEG), . , (, , .) : : s, t, , , , t, . : s, R , , , , R . : ( ) , , , , : : , . . : . , : , , , . : : : : , . , , , . : o : . MPEG , , . : . , . , . : : , , ( ), , , / : : ( ) : : , () () , (. tear-down) . . (. Asynchronous Transfer Mode, ) : , . , RSVP (. Resource Reservation Protocol , )

, . , . : , , , , , , , . , : . , , , . , , => , : : , . . : , , : (r, T)- : . , . , . : (r, T)- r . , , . , . : , . : - , , FIFO , , , . . : : , . , . , . : , . , , , . : . , . Jitter Earilest-Due-Date , . . : : , , . . , , , Jitter Earilest-Due-Date : . , : , , PEG-1 MPEG-2, , , , , . : : , , , , , , , => , : MPEG . I , . , , , . : : . , , . , , . , . : : n- (PDU protocol data unit) n- , . . . : : , . , . . : : , . , . , , CD-. : : , . , , I , .( .) : : : : , , . : , , . . : , . . : , , . : , . , , . , . . , , : . . . . , . : . . , , . : , , . , , : , . , . (. tweaking), , ,

: . , - . . , : . , : , , , , , , , ... , , : , : : . (), . . : ImageTracDS 1150 (. page-per-minute, ) ImageTracDS 1150, ppm UDP , . => , , , . UDP , 2 Mb/s, UDP 8000 : UDP : 8000 b / 2 Mb/s = 4 ms UDP . . UDP-, a , RTP (e. Real-Time Transport), , , . UDP , , , (, ), . FTP RTSP (. Real-Time Streaming Protocol, ) : , RTSP , .=> UDP , . URL-o. , GET URL. , , , , . , . , , . -. , : : - - NAT . UDP , a . NAT (. Network address translation - ) . RTSP => , . . , 1 Mb/s, a 1,5 Mb/s: 500 b. - . - , , . , , . , , . , ( : ) . - , -. ? , , . , , .

? , 3G .=> M HTTP-a (. Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP, DASH): , , , , . . . K , , GET. . URL . (. manifest file) URL- . . . . , . . : : . .-

- : : , ISP-, . , . ISP . .=> - - () : , , , . , , . : , , . , . : Akamai CDN Netflix Hulu. - : 1) ISP-a (. enter deep ) ISP- , , . , . - : 2) ISP-a (. bring home ) , , ISP- , AT&T- Verizon- . , . , - , , . , . , , , , , , : , , , .

- URL-a, : 1. 2. . - DNS , . - URL video , : http://video.netbioskop.com//6Y7B23V - 1) Ko -; 2) : http://video.netbioskop.com//6Y7B23V, DNS video.netbioskop.com - 3) DNS (LDNS) DNS DNS , video video.netbioskop.com. DNS , IP , DNS LDNS- - , : 1105.kraljSDM.com 4) , , DNS - DNS . LDNS , 1105.kraljSDM.com, - DNS LDNS- IP - . , - DNS , . - 5) LDNS IP a . 6) IP - , IP GET . DASH, URL-o, , . a IP LDNS DNS , a : 1) - LDNS IP a Quova Max-Mind ( ) , : LDSN- a a : 2) , : ) LDNS- , , DNS , LDNS- ) , SYNACK , ACK , , , LDNS DNS DNS , DNS a a : 3) IP-je IP- IP BGP IP BGP (e. Border Gateway Protocol, ) -, BGP IP , , , LDNS- a , , , : ISP-a ISP-, ISP-

, : , , : - : , , . . - DASH-a. -. : kamai, Limelight Level-3 . . - URL- , DASH - . . . , , .

(, , :) . . . . . . DNS RTT (eng. Round-trip time, ) , , DSN- . , , , . . 2011. DASH HTTP , - , , . ( , ), , . 2 - 2 , , 20 V PPs. 2 BitTorrent-a , , 2 , DHT-a (eng. Distributed hash table , ) -, -DHT - , , UDP-a UDP

(. MapReduce, , , :) , , , , , , : () , () . . Shuffle() Reduce() , , . . , : , , , , , , , , - . , . Map() Reduce() , Lisp-. , , . . . . Schema-on-Read. , , . , Schema-on-Write. , , , , , , . Schema-on-Read . . . , , . Apache Software Foundation. . : , , , , , ... , , BSD- OS X- . : MapReduce HDFS YARN ( ) : Pig HDFS- MapReduce Pig Latin , , , MapReduce . Hive SQL- HBase , MapReduce , : Zookeeper Ambari , Flume , HDFS. Sqoop . Oozie , , , , : Cloudera Hortonworks , : R, MATLAB a : Python ? . : . HDFS . , , , put , MapReduce-. , Cron, , , , HDFS. , , HDFS . Sqoop HDFS, Hive Hase. , , . Flume , SAS/ACCESS- . , . , , -. . . . . , . , , . , , . , . , , . , , , : . : (. Staging area) , ETL (. Extraction, transformation, loading) , , LAP , , , , , , , , . ETL , (. Data lake). : (. Sandbox ) , , , , : MapReduce , , , , , , , , , , . : : , , , , , , => , : : , , , , . , . , . , . . . PageRank. . (. search engine) (. rawling, ) , , , . (urllist), (wordlist) m:n (wordlocation), (link) (linkwords) ( SQLite- rowid),

: , : , , , , ... , ( 95% ) ( 5% ) : , , , : , , , , : , ( url- ), , , ,

CIE RGB CMY HSL HSV , , : (L), (M) (S) . : : ) ) ( , , ) , , : , , , , , , . , , , . : , ( ) , , , . , , , . , . CIE (CIE - Commission internationale de l'clairage) xyY, - Y, - , : X, Y Z Y , Y CIE CIE => CIE vs. . n-. . RGB , RGB red, green, and blue (, ) RGB ( ) RGB RGB RGB RGB 24- , , : RGB (R,G,B) Red only (255,0,0) Red Green only (0,255,0) Green Blue only (0,0,255) Blue Red and green (blue subtracted) (255,255,0) Yellow Red and blue (green subtracted) (255,0,255) Magenta Green and blue (red subtracted) (0,255,255) Cyan Red, green, and blue (255,255,255) White None (0,0,0) Black , ! RGB , , 16 ( ) 0123456789ABCDEF: Red Green Blue 255 (#FF) 255 (#FF) 255 (#FF) White (#FFFFFF) 255 (#FF) 255 (#FF) 0 (#00) Yellow (#FFFF00) 255 (#FF) 0 (#00) 255 (#FF) Magenta (#FF00FF) 0 (#00) 255 (#FF) 255 (#FF) Cyan (#00FFFF) 255 (#FF) 0 (#00) 0 (#00) Red (#FF0000) 0 (#00) 255 (#FF) 0 (#00) Green (#00FF00) 0 (#00) 0 (#00) 255 (#FF) Blue (#0000FF) 0 (#00) 0 (#00) 0 (#00) Black (#000000) RGB 16,777,216 (256 256 256 ) . 3 , 24. 24 . RGB CIE , RGB : RGB RGB , , sRGB is the world's default color space. CMY CMY cyan, magenta, and yellow (, ) , , , RGB . , CMYK . . . . CMY ( ) CMY CMY CMY CMYK vs. CMY , HSL and HSV HSL (hue, saturation, lightness) HSV (hue, saturation, value) : HSB (hue, saturation, brightness) Hue - Saturation , Value - Lightness - Brightness - HSL and HSV : Red 0 Yellow 60 Green 120 Cyan 180 Blue 240 Magenta 300 HSL HSV HSL HSV HSL HSV 24 , 256, 24. . Paleta boja , . . , , Web-safe palette, 216 ( , : 6 6 6 = 216, 256 ). 8. ? . , . ? . . . , . . : , , .

: , : , . , . , , ( ), ( ). , , . , . : , , , , . , ( ) . . . . . . (, , , .) . , ( ) , , , , , , - , - , , , , , , , , , , , , - ( ) - , JPEG , : ( , , ) , JPEG downsampling chroma subsampling 4:2:2: , . . 4:2:0: , , , . JPEG : 8*8 , : 16*16 JPEG [0, 256] [-128, 127] JPEG DCT (Discrete cosine transform) , ( ) , , , : : , : , , , , : ( ) (, ) LCD (liquid-crystal display ) , : Graficka kartica (GPU, Graphics Processing Unit, , ) BIOS RAM (: NVIDIA Scalable Link Interface ATI Crossfire) - (ink-jet printer, ) , (dye-sublimation printer, ) , (fuser) , , , , (screen dump, screen capture (screen-cap), screenshot, screengrab print screen) , , : , CCD (Charge-Coupled Device ) -

: (, ...) : ( , ,..) : () () , : (- ) , - g(a, b) - : . , , ( ) , : Kompozicija , : () , Atraktivnost : ( , ,...) , , Svetlost , , () () , : , ( , ) , Paleta , , , Digitalna korekcija slike USM (unsharp masking, ) , , ( : Spherize distortion , Perspective distortion, Pinch) , , , (Color Baslance, Highlights, Shadows,) , , , , ,