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Isotonic solutionsIsotonic solutions::

• if the osmotic if the osmotic concentrations concentrations of both solutions of both solutions are equal than are equal than no net no net movement of movement of water occurswater occurs

• Examples include Examples include most interstitial most interstitial fluid and most fluid and most intravenous intravenous solutions solutions

• Hypertonic solutionHypertonic solution: the solution : the solution has more dissolved particles, has more dissolved particles, salts, sugar, etc., than is in the salts, sugar, etc., than is in the cells, so cells will shrivel upcells, so cells will shrivel up or or shrink as water moves out of the shrink as water moves out of the cellcell

• If red blood cells are exposed to a If red blood cells are exposed to a hypertonic solutionhypertonic solution- a solution that - a solution that contains more solutes, or dissolved contains more solutes, or dissolved substances, than there are inside cells- substances, than there are inside cells- the cells will shrink, or the cells will shrink, or crenatecrenate as water as water moves outside the cell (this is because moves outside the cell (this is because water is in higher concentration inside water is in higher concentration inside the cell than outside, so it follows its the cell than outside, so it follows its concentration gradient and leaves the concentration gradient and leaves the cell) cell)

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• CrenationCrenation is the is the contraction of a contraction of a cell after cell after exposure to a exposure to a hypertonic hypertonic solution, due to solution, due to the loss of water the loss of water through osmosisthrough osmosis

CrenationCrenation

Would patients ever be given Would patients ever be given hypertonic solutions? hypertonic solutions?

• Yes, if they have Yes, if they have edemaedema (swelling of (swelling of the feet and hands the feet and hands due to fluid due to fluid retention)retention)

• Such solutions draw Such solutions draw water out of the water out of the tissue spaces into the tissue spaces into the bloodstream so that bloodstream so that the kidneys can the kidneys can eliminate excess fluideliminate excess fluid

Hypotonic solutionHypotonic solution::

• Solution has less Solution has less dissolved dissolved particles, salts, particles, salts, sugar, etc., than sugar, etc., than is in the cell;is in the cell; cells swell and cells swell and can burst as can burst as water enters the water enters the cellscells

Hypotonic solutionHypotonic solution::

• Distilled water is an Distilled water is an example of this type example of this type of solution (there are of solution (there are no solutes). Water will no solutes). Water will enter cells until they enter cells until they finally burst, or finally burst, or lyse.lyse.

• Given intravenously to Given intravenously to rehydrate tissues of rehydrate tissues of extremely dehydrated extremely dehydrated patientspatients