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-
2
demands of needing of encoded basic characters of Nshu. A.
Administrative 1. Title: Proposal for encoding Nshu in the SMP of
the UCS 2. Requester's name: China 3. Requester type (Member
body/Liaison/Individual contribution): Member body 4. Submission
date: 2008-10-06 5. Requester's reference (if applicable): 6.
Choose one of the following: This is a complete proposal: Yes (or)
More information will be provided later:
B. Technical General 1. Choose one of the following: a. This
proposal is for a new script (set of characters): Yes Proposed name
of script: Nshu b. The proposal is for addition of character(s) to
an existing block: Name of the existing block:
2. Number of characters in proposal: 389
3. Proposed category (select one from below - see section 2.2 of
P&P document): A-Contemporary B.1-Specialized (small
collection) B B.2-Specialized (large
collection)
C-Major extinct D-Attested extinct E-Minor extinct F-Archaic
Hieroglyphic or deographic G-Obscure or questionable usage
symbols
4. Is a repertoire including character names provided? yes a. If
YES, are the names in accordance with the character naming
guidelines in Annex L of P&P document? b. Are the character
shapes attached in a legible form suitable for review? Yes
5. Who will provide the appropriate computerized font (ordered
preference: True Type, or PostScript format) for
publishing the standard? Weifang Beida Jade Bird Huaguang
Imagesetter Co., Ltd.
If available now, identify source(s) for the font (include
address, e-mail, ftp-site, etc.) and indicate the tools
used: [email protected]
6. References: a. Are references (to other character sets,
dictionaries, descriptive texts etc.)
provided? Yes
b. Are published examples of use (such as samples from
newspapers, magazines, or other sources)
of proposed characters attached? Yes
7. Special encoding issues: Does the proposal address other
aspects of character data processing (if applicable) such as
input,
presentation, sorting, searching, indexing, transliteration etc.
(if yes please No
-
3
enclose information)?
8. Additional Information:
Submitters are invited to provide any additional information
about Properties of the proposed Character(s) or Script that will
assist in correct understanding of and correct linguistic
processing of the proposed character(s) or script. Examples of such
properties are: Casing information, Numeric information, Currency
information, Display behaviour information such as line breaks,
widths etc., Combining behaviour, Spacing behaviour, Directional
behaviour, Default Collation behaviour, relevance in Mark Up
contexts, Compatibility equivalence and other Unicode normalization
related information. See the Unicode standard at
http://www.unicode.org for such information on other scripts. Also
see http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/UCD.html and associated
Unicode Technical Reports for information needed for consideration
by the Unicode Technical Committee for inclusion in the Unicode
Standard.
C. Technical - Justification 1. Has this proposal for addition
of character(s) been submitted before? No If YES explain
2. Has contact been made to members of the user community (for
example: National Body, user groups of the script or characters,
other experts, etc.)? Yes If YES, with
whom? the Government of Yongzhou; The Committee for Females
Script
(Nshu) of Chinese Folk Literature and Art Society
If YES, available relevant documents:
3. Information on the user community for the proposed characters
(for example: size, demographics, information technology use, or
publishing use) is included? Yes Reference: Nshu was used by women
in Jiangyong and now by local people.
4. The context of use for the proposed characters (type of use;
common or rare) common Reference It is widely used for
communication and tourism development by local people
5. Are the proposed characters in current use by the user
community? Yes If YES, where? Reference: Jiangyong, Hunan,
China
6. After giving due considerations to the principles in the
P&P document must the proposed characters be entirely
in the BMP? No If YES, is a rationale provided? If YES,
reference:
7. Should the proposed characters be kept together in a
contiguous range (rather than being scattered)?
Yes
8. Can any of the proposed characters be considered a
presentation form of an existing
character or character sequence? No If YES, is a rationale for
its inclusion provided? If YES, reference:
9. Can any of the proposed characters be encoded using a
composed character sequence of either existing characters or other
proposed characters? No
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4
If YES, is a rationale for its inclusion provided? If YES,
reference:
10. Can any of the proposed character(s) be considered to be
similar (in appearance or function)
to an existing character? No If YES, is a rationale for its
inclusion provided? If YES, reference:
11. Does the proposal include use of combining characters and/or
use of composite sequences?
No
If YES, is a rationale for such use provided? If YES, reference:
Is a list of composite sequences and their corresponding glyph
images (graphic
symbols) provided?
If YES, reference:
12. Does the proposal contain characters with any special
properties such as control function or similar semantics? No If
YES, describe in detail (include attachment if necessary)
13. Does the proposal contain any Ideographic compatibility
character(s)? No If YES, is the equivalent corresponding unified
ideographic character(s) identified? If YES, reference:
D Proposal
I Introduction IGeneralization
Nshu is a kind of one and only female characters in todays
world, which comes down around Xiaoshui Valley in Jiangyong County,
Hunan Province. It is widely used for narrative and private
prosecution among local women. Customarily Nshu characters appear
to be italics ,with a rough shape as the Chinese character . In
this sense, Nshu is defined as a variant form of Chinese
characters. A character of Nshu represents an independent syllable
that maybe records a group of homophone or a group of characters
with similar pronunciation in their local dialect. Based on survey
and statistics of the works of Nshu old ladies in the last
generilaztion we can find, we found that everyone just used about
four or five hundred characters to record a complete local dialect.
There are two separate writing systems in Jiangyong: one is Chinese
characters used by men while the other is Nshu which is written
-
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its uactivtypi
reprfourXiaoXue(abosyllaworjust
is a basithe channew
Autocontsonglingu
flow
repethe l
aborhasnlost has sayikeep ()
gove
and
ommunicate A. Nshu i
use is limitevity of womecal Nshu cuB. Nshu r
resents a gror hundred boshui in Jianezhen, 2003)out from
fouables (about ds with few because of lC. Nshu is
variant formc characters conclusion t
nge into Nsw characters f
D. Seven-cobiographiestents, whichgbooks has uistics. E.
Nshu-w
wered belt.
F. There is
eating characlines in the w
Nshu camriginality of nt cared aboat home andsuddenly b
ings concealep it from dist
)Nshu is wNshu has
ernment is trA. There ar
chinese char
among localis not a secred among theen such as reulture
activitrecords the
oup of homoasic charactngyong whi) . Every Nur hundred to
1200 syllablcharacters. Simited existis a variant fo
m of Kaishu from traditio
that Nshu shu: basicallyfrom commocharacter sos, letters, folh
reflect thewidely acad
writers usua
no punctuat
cters and oneworks.
me to the worNshu has d
out it until thd abroad. Sin
become hot. ed the real Ntortion.
widely usedsuccessfully
rying their bere two kindsracters used
l women. Wet language, e women is eading and sy.) local
Chine
ophones and ters are enoich is the arshu elder wo five hundreles
with toneSo it is a falsing characterorm in the de(a regular Conal
passed originates fry direct borr
on componenongbook is lk songs, m regional hi
demic value
ally write on
tion in the th
e small circle
rld and devedisappeared
he end of the nce the begiInauthentic
Nshu. So it i
d and has gy been a memest to apply fs of script syby men. A
n
5
e will introdubut free, opthat local minging the so
ese dialect acharacters w
ough to recorea of Chenwoman just ued with allog
es included). se view to crrs. evelopment phinese scriptdown
worksrom Chineseowing from
nts. the main fo
monody, narristorical culsuch as his
n cloth cove
he system of
e and one sm
eloped with tfrom the statwentieth ce
inning of thecharacters,
is time for us
reat value mber of the ffor the worldystems to recnew book N
uce Nshu aen, natural a
male society ongs written
as a syllabicwith similarord and reprnguan local dused no
morgraph includIts most typeate and add
process of Cht). After the s of anonymoe characters Chinese,
mo
orm besidesation and trture and civ
story, nation
ers, scrip, fa
f Nshu exce
mall arrow fill
the developmage of the hientury. So me twenty-first
books, vills to prevent t
nowadays.first nationald non-materiacord their diashu
chresto
as following: and positive.
has paid noin the paper
words systr pronunciatiresent their dialect (accore than 400
ded) to recorical feature i
d certain char
hinese charastatistics an
ous writers, wand there ar
odified varia
s few five-cranslation covil life. The
n, folk-custom
ans, cloth-ha
ept one sign
ling in the bl
ment of histoistory. The l
most works wt century, enlages and sothe abnormal
l culture herial culture heralect: Nshumathy has b
The reason o attention tor and fans (th
tem. A charion. So less
local dialecording to Hbasic chara
rd more thanis to record mracters arbitr
acter. Specialnd research owe have comre three way
ant and deriv
character poonstitute its e study of tm, literature
andkerchiefs
n represen
lank at the en
ory. But nowlocal governm
were scatteredndangered Nome nonsenl phenomena
itage list, andritage to the
u used by wobeen publishe
why o the hat is
racter than
ct of uang
acters n 400 many rarily
lly, it of the me to ys to ative
oems. most these
e and
and
nting
nd of
w the ment d and
Nshu nsical a and
d the UN.
omen ed by
-
6
Hunan People Press as the local textbook. B. Local women still
use Nshu to record important things and create literatures.
Some
examples: He Yanxin once writed to farm leaders to ask for help
in Nshu and created many poems duiring the period of SARS; He
Jinghua mourned for her son and comforted her daughter-in-law after
her son died from a traffic accident and shared similar experiences
with other old ladies in the form of writing letters in Nshu.
C. Local women would publish many poems in Hunan Daily
especially during some important holidays such as He Jinghua.
D. One People's Congress Commissioner Hu Meiyue made a speech in
the People's Congress of Yongzhou city.
E. Several Nshu handwriting societies have been built up
accompanying with Nshu handwriting turning up such as Zhengzhou of
Henan Province and Yongzhou of Hunan Province. Nshu is gradually
used to write some poems of Mao Zedong, some logoes of welcoming
Olimpic Games at 2008. Besides that, Nshu was sent to Foreign
President's wife as a national gift. Up to now, some men share with
the joys brought by Nshu and become Nshu lover.
F. The font of Nshu becomes to be a style of Hanzi such as
Songti, Kaiti and Lishu. Now Nshu gradually comes into the times of
industrialization; especially as a travel
resource.
IIIRelated research association and its function CFFSCFLAS is
the short of The Committee for Females Script (Nshu) of Chinese
Folk Literature and Art Society. It is a unique research
organization in China. You can find its related rules through
http://www.nvshu.com.cn/association/zhangcheng.htm. And it has
rights to offer good advice to the government. And this
organization suggests basic characters should be prior to be spread
and popularized in the text book which is published by the
Jiangyong Government.
II Process description (I) Choosing graphs 1. the collection and
collation of Nshu characters
Chinese Nshu works collection which is published by China
Publishing House at 2005 included more than 90% original ecological
data. We identified every Nshu character of the book by finding its
corresponding Chinese character. Besides that, based on the
Chengguan accent which is investigated and published as Jiangyong
dialect research by Huang Xuezhen, 1993, we make out the
pronunciation of each Nshu character and establish a character
table respectively in the order of strokes and phonetics.
The following table shows us the difference of the number due to
the individual habit. The table shows us one of the statistic
results of the book Nshu Character comparison.
Authors of the works Basic characters Total number Anonymous
works 358 34800 Gao Yinxian 334 62100 Yi Nianhua 362 49700 Yang
Huanyi 304 36000
-
2.
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milar with thrphology, onory to deal w
If one worepted as onequency as thome from th
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re are three m
nunciation an
uency. So
about the a
xin umber nt and collaant character the characte
es from Chinrecords a grocertain and allograph is
hich causes mo principles
ory of Charac characters
he "PHONEne charactewith the varrd has manye character he basic
chahe same ori
me word-buime pronuncierence in mbasic charac
o say, withithe highest
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arison, 2006)
ng table to ex
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main graphs fo
d the meanin
is the repr
allographs.
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ation of Nshrs differ fromers with the snese characteoup of
local needs inferrnot rooted
more than onto deal with acter Cell and allograpME" in the r
cell is funriant words.y forms but cell, and we
aracter. igin (originailding methation,
meaning. cters accordin the charat frequencyers as allograc
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xplain:
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structures. Th
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-
8
Allographs are common phenomenon especially in the minority
scripts. Because Nshu has not finished the process of
standardization, and most of natural women knowing the script well
went to heaven, many people or even scholars created some new
characters subjectively. So if taking the later-created characters
and all the into considerationNshu would lose its original
appearance. The Committee for Females Script (Nshu) of Chinese Folk
Literature and Art Society suggested to the local government that
the representative graphs are prior to be taught in the school to
make it normal. So the representative graphs are prior to be
encoded first. We will deal with allographs in the later time.
In conclusion, the character set we propose encoding is the
basic representative graph set, which is scientific and integrated.
() Order rules
389 basic characters included different-origin ones are encoded.
These graph are in good order by the amount of strokes from small
to multi separately. And within the same amount of the stroke, we
order them by their sound: finals, initials, and tones. There is a
principle of the amount of the character: only two basic strokes
existing in Nshu, the dot and the curve (mainly referring to arc),
which is traditional writing rules for the Nshu elderly women. Even
a circle is made up by two arcs. The final order: a ua ya ie u y u
y i iu u yu y ai uai yai au iau ou iou uo yo u yn a ia ua ya o io i
the initials order: p p m f v t t n l ts ts s t t k k h the tone
order: we present them in the form of five-degree contour tone
marks. ./44/ /.42/ /.35/ /.13/ ./21/ /.33/ /.5/ () Character names
We name the characters with the Chenguan sound (spoken in the local
town)which is the standard pronounciation of Nshu. Local women like
to read Nshu in Chenguan Sound as a graceful action. Following the
rules of naming characters of the UCS, we spell their sounds with
Roman scripts. Each of the symbols and marks in the proposed Nshu
character set ought to be of one-one correspondence with one code.
(IV) About the font
There are no unified standards and rules for Nshu and many
graphs seem vague. So after we picked the chosen characters, we
invited the local calligrapher to write the picked Nshu characters
one by one. Then we scanned the handwriting, processed it by
Photoshop and use FONTCREATOE professional tools to make a
preliminary font. the font of Nshu characters is greatly improved
by Weifang Beida Jade Bird Huaguang Imagesetter Co., Ltd which is
famous and professional in China. And the codes of characters begin
from 1B000 to 1B184 with 389 graphs included. (V) Code-point
table
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9
Nshu graph
1B00 1B01
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
HEX NAME 1B000 Nshu character YI-A 1B001 Nshu character N-A
1B002 Nshu character TSHA 1B003 Nshu character IE-D 1B004 Nshu
character PEO-A 1B005 Nshu character SYE-A 1B006 Nshu character
PHIU 1B007 Nshu character U 1B008 Nshu character XYA-A 1B009 Nshu
character TIE 1B00A Nshu character NIE-A 1B00B Nshu character TEO-A
1B00C Nshu character QHYE 1B00D Nshu character FYE-A 1B00E Nshu
character LIU-A 1B00F Nshu character SIU 1B010 Nshu character THU-A
1B011 Nshu character NYU-A 1B012 Nshu character VAI 1B013 Nshu
character KAI 1B014 Nshu character KAU-A 1B015 Nshu character KOU-A
1B016 Nshu character JIOU-A 1B017 Nshu character LIANG-A 1B018 Nshu
character XIANG-A 1B019 Nshu character TSHENG 1B01A Nshu character
SONG 1B01B Nshu character MA 1B01C Nshu character LA-A 1B01D Nshu
character FA 1B01E Nshu character KHUA-A 1B01F Nshu character
THEO-B
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10
1B02 1B03
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
HEX NAME 1B020 Nshu character TSEO-A 1B021 Nshu character FYE-B
1B022 Nshu character TSYE-A 1B023 Nshu character TI-A 1B024 Nshu
character XI-A 1B025 Nshu character FU-A 1B026 Nshu character FU-B
1B027 Nshu character FU-C 1B028 Nshu character JYU-A 1B029 Nshu
character JYU-B 1B02A Nshu character FAI-A 1B02B Nshu character
HAU-A 1B02C Nshu character LOU-A 1B02D Nshu character LIOU-A 1B02E
Nshu character JIOU-B 1B02F Nshu character XIOU-A 1B030 Nshu
character QYN 1B031 Nshu character FANG-A 1B032 Nshu character
VANG-A 1B033 Nshu character SANG 1B034 Nshu character KANG-A 1B035
Nshu character NENG-A 1B036 Nshu character THENG 1B037 Nshu
character PIONG-C 1B038 Nshu character IONG 1B039 Nshu character
QY-A 1B03A Nshu characterXYA-C 1B03B Nshu character NIE-D 1B03C
Nshu character LIE-A 1B03D Nshu character JIE-A 1B03E Nshu
character NIE-B 1B03F Nshu character NIE-C
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11
1B04 1B05
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
HEX NAME 1B040 Nshu character IE-A 1B041 Nshu character IE-B
1B042 Nshu character MYE-A 1B043 Nshu character VYE-B 1B044 Nshu
character TYE 1B045 Nshu character MYE-B 1B046 Nshu character VYE-A
1B047 Nshu character TSYE-B 1B048 Nshu character SYE-B 1B049 Nshu
character SYE-C 1B04A Nshu character SYE-D 1B04B Nshu character
SYE-E 1B04C Nshu character XI-B 1B04D Nshu character YI-B 1B04E
Nshu character LIU-B 1B04F Nshu character NIU 1B050 Nshu character
XIU-A 1B051 Nshu character MU 1B052 Nshu character YU 1B053 Nshu
character QY-B 1B054 Nshu character QY-C 1B055 Nshu character Y
1B056 Nshu character PAI-A 1B057 Nshu character AI 1B058 Nshu
character LAI-A 1B059 Nshu character HAU-B 1B05A Nshu character POU
1B05B Nshu character TOU 1B05C Nshu character LIOU-B 1B05D Nshu
character IOU-A 1B05E Nshu character TSEYU 1B05F Nshu character
TSEY-B
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12
1B06 1B07
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
HEX NAME 1B060 Nshu character SUOY 1B061 Nshu character HUOY-A
1B062 Nshu character HUOY-B 1B063 Nshu character PANG-A 1B064 Nshu
character MANG-A 1B065 Nshu character THANG-A 1B066 Nshu character
KANG-B 1B067 Nshu character LIANG-B 1B068 Nshu character JIANG-A
1B069 Nshu character NIANG 1B06A Nshu character SENG 1B06B Nshu
character PENG 1B06C Nshu character TSHIONG-B 1B06D Nshu character
XIONG-A 1B06E Nshu character JING-C 1B06F Nshu character PA-A 1B070
Nshu character LA-B 1B071 Nshu character JIE-B 1B072 Nshu character
PHEO-B 1B073 Nshu character PEO-C 1B074 Nshu character NO 1B075
Nshu character LEO-A 1B076 Nshu character ZAI 1B077 Nshu character
SEO 1B078 Nshu character KEO-A 1B079 Nshu character KHUEO 1B07A
Nshu character YE-A 1B07B Nshu character PYE-A 1B07C Nshu character
PYE-B 1B07D Nshu character TSYE-C 1B07E Nshu character JI-A 1B07F
Nshu character NI
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13
1B08 1B09
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
HEX NAME 1B080 Nshu character TSIU 1B081 Nshu character FU-D
1B082 Nshu character KHU 1B083 Nshu character HU-C 1B084 Nshu
character VU 1B085 Nshu character PHY 1B086 Nshu character FY-A
1B087 Nshu character KY-A 1B088 Nshu character HY-A 1B089 Nshu
character MAI 1B08A Nshu character THAI 1B08B Nshu character SAI-A
1B08C Nshu character SAI-B 1B08D Nshu character THAU 1B08E Nshu
character LAU-A 1B08F Nshu character LAU-B 1B090 Nshu character
KOU-B 1B091 Nshu character XIOU-B 1B092 Nshu character SEY 1B093
Nshu character LEY-A 1B094 Nshu character THUOY 1B095 Nshu
character UOY 1B096 Nshu character KUY 1B097 Nshu character NGUY
1B098 Nshu character JYN 1B099 Nshu character YN-A 1B09A Nshu
character VANG-B 1B09B Nshu character TSANG-A 1B09C Nshu character
TSHANG 1B09D Nshu character JIANG-B 1B09E Nshu character KONG 1B09F
Nshu character IANG-A
-
14
1B0A 1B0B
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
HEX NAME 1B0A0 Nshu character TENG-A 1B0A1 Nshu character NENG-B
1B0A2 Nshu character PIONG-A 1B0A3 Nshu character PIONG-B 1B0A4
Nshu character MIONG 1B0A5 Nshu character XIONG-B 1B0A6 Nshu
character NING 1B0A7 Nshu character NG-A 1B0A8 Nshu character NG-B
1B0A9 Nshu character TSA-A 1B0AA Nshu character KUA-A 1B0AB Nshu
character KUA-B 1B0AC Nshu character XIE-A 1B0AD Nshu character
PHEO 1B0AE Nshu character LEO-C 1B0AF Nshu character TSHEO-A 1B0B0
Nshu character FYE-C 1B0B1 Nshu character TSYE-D 1B0B2 Nshu
character TSHI-A 1B0B3 Nshu character TSHI-B 1B0B4 Nshu character
SI 1B0B5 Nshu character PU-B 1B0B6 Nshu character FU-E 1B0B7 Nshu
character LU-A 1B0B8 Nshu character TSHU-A 1B0B9 Nshu character NGU
1B0BA Nshu character JYU-C 1B0BB Nshu character XYU-A 1B0BC Nshu
character QYU 1B0BD Nshu character XY-A 1B0BE Nshu character FAI-B
1B0BF Nshu character TSAI
-
15
1B0C 1B0D
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
HEX NAME 1B0C0 Nshu character LOU-B 1B0C1 Nshu character PIOU
1B0C2 Nshu character MIOU 1B0C3 Nshu character TSOU-A 1B0C4 Nshu
character TSHIOU 1B0C5 Nshu character QIOU 1B0C6 Nshu character
NIOU-A 1B0C7 Nshu character IOU-B 1B0C8 Nshu character IOU-C 1B0C9
Nshu character NUOY 1B0CA Nshu character CHANG 1B0CB Nshu character
KUOY 1B0CC Nshu character LANG-A 1B0CD Nshu character ANG 1B0CE
Nshu character LIANG-C 1B0CF Nshu character SIANG-A 1B0D0 Nshu
character TSIANG-A 1B0D1 Nshu character TSIANG-B 1B0D2 Nshu
character TSHIONG-A 1B0D3 Nshu character XIONG-C 1B0D4 Nshu
character LONG-A 1B0D5 Nshu character LIONG-A 1B0D6 Nshu character
JING-A 1B0D7 Nshu character XING-C 1B0D8 Nshu character QYE-B 1B0D9
Nshu character LA-C 1B0DA Nshu character SA-A 1B0DB Nshu character
XYA-B 1B0DC Nshu character SIE-A 1B0DD Nshu character FEO 1B0DE
Nshu character PEO-D 1B0DF Nshu character NEO
-
16
1B0E 1B0F
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
HEX NAME 1B0E0 Nshu character THEO 1B0E1 Nshu character KUE-A
1B0E2 Nshu character YE-B 1B0E3 Nshu character PYE-C 1B0E4 Nshu
character PAI-B 1B0E5 Nshu character XYE 1B0E6 Nshu character PI
1B0E7 Nshu character TI-A 1B0E8 Nshu character TSI-A 1B0E9 Nshu
character TSI-B 1B0EA Nshu character JI-B 1B0EB Nshu character JI-C
1B0EC Nshu character TSHIU 1B0ED Nshu character PU-A 1B0EE Nshu
character TSU-A 1B0EF Nshu character KU- 1B0F0 Nshu character NYU-B
1B0F1 Nshu character QY-D 1B0F2 Nshu character KY-B 1B0F3 Nshu
character HY-B 1B0F4 Nshu character PHAI 1B0F5 Nshu character MAI-B
1B0F6 Nshu character LAI-B 1B0F7 Nshu character SAI-C 1B0F8 Nshu
character TSHAU 1B0F9 Nshu character KOU-C 1B0FA Nshu character
TSIOU 1B0FB Nshu character SIOU-A 1B0FC Nshu character JIOU-C 1B0FD
Nshu character IOU 1B0FE Nshu character XIOU-C 1B0FF Nshu character
THUOY-A
-
17
1B10 1B11
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
HEX NAME 1B100 Nshu character HUOY-C 1B101 Nshu character FANG-B
1B102 Nshu character VANG-C 1B103 Nshu character LANG-B 1B104 Nshu
character TSANG-B 1B105 Nshu character KHANG-A 1B106 Nshu character
KHANG-B 1B107 Nshu character HANG-B 1B108 Nshu character XIANG-B
1B109 Nshu character NENG-C 1B10A Nshu character LENG 1B10B Nshu
character TSENG 1B10C Nshu character NONG-A 1B10D Nshu character
LIONG-B 1B10E Nshu character TSIONG-A 1B10F Nshu character TSIONG-B
1B110 Nshu character SIONG 1B111 Nshu character XING-A 1B112 Nshu
character ING-A 1B113 Nshu character JING-B 1B114 Nshu character VA
1B115 Nshu character SA-B 1B116 Nshu character LIE-B 1B117 Nshu
character TSHI-E 1B118 Nshu character IE-C 1B119 Nshu character
MEO-A 1B11A Nshu character LEO-B 1B11B Nshu character TSHEO-B 1B11C
Nshu character QYE-A 1B11D Nshu character TI-B 1B11E Nshu character
JI-A 1B11F Nshu character FU-F
-
18
1B12 1B13
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
HEX NAME 1B120 Nshu character THU-B 1B121 Nshu character KUE-B
1B122 Nshu character KU- 1B123 Nshu character HU- 1B124 Nshu
character KU- 1B125 Nshu character PY-A 1B126 Nshu character KHY
1B127 Nshu character LAI-C 1B128 Nshu character SAI 1B129 Nshu
character TSIU-A 1B12A Nshu character TSOU-B 1B12B Nshu character
SAU 1B12C Nshu character HAU-C 1B12D Nshu character NGOU 1B12E Nshu
character OU 1B12F Nshu character XIOUE 1B130 Nshu character TSHEY
1B131 Nshu character FANG-C 1B132 Nshu character TANG-A 1B133 Nshu
character HANG-C 1B134 Nshu character JIANG-C 1B135 Nshu character
SIANG-B 1B136 Nshu character KANG-C 1B137 Nshu character JIANG-D
1B138 Nshu character XIANG-C 1B139 Nshu character LONG-B 1B13A Nshu
character QIONG 1B13B Nshu character NG 1B13C Nshu character PA-B
1B13D Nshu character TSHIE-B 1B13E Nshu character SIE-B 1B13F Nshu
character TSEO-B
-
19
1B14 1B15
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
HEX NAME 1B140 Nshu character KEO-B 1B141 Nshu character JYE-A
1B142 Nshu character JYE-B 1B143 Nshu character PYE-D 1B144 Nshu
character SYE-F 1B145 Nshu character TI-C 1B146 Nshu character YI-C
1B147 Nshu character TSU-B 1B148 Nshu character TSHU-B 1B149 Nshu
character JY 1B14A Nshu character XY-B 1B14B Nshu character LY
1B14C Nshu character HY 1B14D Nshu character KAU-B 1B14E Nshu
character THOU 1B14F Nshu character JIU 1B150 Nshu character XIU-C
1B151 Nshu character LANG-C 1B152 Nshu character MENG-A 1B153 Nshu
character PANG-B 1B154 Nshu character TANG-B 1B155 Nshu character
TSHIE-A 1B156 Nshu character IANG-C 1B157 Nshu character IANG-B
1B158 Nshu character TENG-B 1B159 Nshu character MENG-B 1B15A Nshu
character HOU 1B15B Nshu character NONG 1B15C Nshu character TSA-B
1B15D Nshu character TSIE-A 1B15E Nshu character XIE-B 1B15F Nshu
character LI
-
20
1B16 1B17 1B18
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
HEX NAME 1B160 Nshu character TSI-D 1B161 Nshu character YI-D
1B162 Nshu character LU-B 1B163 Nshu character HU-B 1B164 Nshu
character TAU 1B165 Nshu character XYU-B 1B166 Nshu character
SIOU-B 1B167 Nshu character NIOU-B 1B168 Nshu character LEY-C 1B169
Nshu character YN-B 1B16A Nshu character TONG 1B16B Nshu character
XING-B 1B16C Nshu character IE-E 1B16D Nshu character MEO-B 1B16E
Nshu character VEO 1B16F Nshu character JI-E 1B170 Nshu character
JI-B 1B171 Nshu character TU 1B172 Nshu character LOU-C 1B173 Nshu
character TSUOY 1B174 Nshu character MANG-B 1B175 Nshu character
TSIANG-C 1B176 Nshu character QIANG 1B177 Nshu character JIONG
1B178 Nshu character ING-B 1B179 Nshu character TSIE-B 1B17A Nshu
character PY-B 1B17B Nshu character FI 1B17C Nshu character XYU-C
1B17D Nshu character FY-B 1B17E Nshu character TSHAI 1B17F Nshu
character FANG-D 1B180 Nshu character NGUOY 1B181 Nshu character
FU-G 1B182 Nshu character KU-D 1B183 Nshu character JYE-C 1B184
Nshu character TSYE-E
-
21
III Prospects I Nshu is a kind of mature character symbol
system. As a unique character type, Nshu is a new category to
various characters in the world, a new kind of datum to the
research of linguistics, and some new subjects are put forward such
as how to translate Chinese works into Nshu. IIThere are large
amount of literatures written in Nshu, most of which record some
important historic events of the time such as Taiping rebellion,
some crime of Japan when invading into china, land reforming
movement in China. Besides that, some folkways and anecdotes are
included. All of them are valuable historical data. IIINshu is a
kind of one and only female characters in todays world, which is of
great impetus to the research of female culture both in China and
in the world. IV The important function of Nshu is to confide,
hearken and communicate in the groups, which is made good use of to
modern mind cure. It has a universal meaning in the world. Should
this proposed set be accepted as a part of the plane of ISO/IEC
10646, it will facilitate the globalization progress of information
processing with Nshu. The protection and save of some important
data and further related research are more available and convenient
for Nshu lovers.
IV Acknowledgement This report is drawn up by the Committee for
Females Script (Nshu) of Chinese Folk
Literature and Art Society and the School of Humanities and
Social Sciences of Tsinghua University. The government of Jiangyong
in Hunan Province supports us greatly. At the same time,
acknowledgement for China Electronic Standardization Institute, the
Institute of Linguistics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,
Tsinghua University Computer Department and Computational
Linguistics Laboratory.
V Connections If any questions, please send email to Zhao
Liming([email protected]) and Wu
Ruixing( [email protected], and cc Chen Zhuang
([email protected]) who is the head of this program.
VI Reference Chinese Nshu works collection, Zhao Liming, China
Publishing House, 2005 Nshu Character comparison, Zhao Liming,
Intellectual Property Press, 2006 Nuhan Dictionary, Chen Qiguang,
the publishing house of central university for nationality, 2005.
We Two Know the Script; We Have Become Good Friends William W.
Chiang, University Press of America, 1995, Nshu basic characters
and their origin verification, Zhao Liming, Nshu Character
comparison, Intellectual Property Press, 2006, Jiangyong dialect
research by Huang Xuezhen, Social Sciences Documents Publishing
House, 1993, www.nvshu.com.cn
-
22
VII Appendix Appendix A: Samples of Nshu works; Appendix B Nshu
is widely concerned in the world; Appendix C: mapping table to the
related dictionaries; Appendix D: Nshu basic characters and its
origin verification; Appendix E: The value of Nshu Character
comparison; Appendix F: Other related comments and explanations;
Appendix F1: Comments to the book of Jiangwei; Appendix F2:
Comments to the book of Chen Qiguang; Appendix F3: Comments to
others
-
23
Appendix A Nshu Samples 1 Nshu is written on such materials as
the home-made cloth glossy paper, handkerchiefs and fans.
2 Literature samples (Tang Poem and coin sample)
Coins with Nshu graphs in the period of Taipingtianguo
1B085
1B060
1B055
1B02E
1B066
-
24
1B0AC
1B069
1B0FB 1B001
1B08E 1B00A
1B0C8
1B0CE
-
25
3 photos of natural Nshu succssors of the last genelization
Gao Yinxian(1902-1990) Yi Nianhua(1907-1991)
Yang Huanyi (1909-2004) He Yanxin(1940--) 4 Nshu is widely
used
Yang Huanyi and He Yanxin are studying Nshu is song in the
marriage holidays
Many local people study Nshu spontaneously A girl is
studying
-
1 so
N sUnivN HouSpecshu,B
nove
Apome studies
shu a gversity Press, shu and use,1995; cial Nshu, Beijing
Lang
els about Ns
ppendix B s about Ns
great surpris1990; its culture,
the first naguage Univers
shu
Nshu ishu
se, Huazhon
Xinhua P
ational seminsity Press, 19
26
is widely c
Chinese NHouse, 20shu with which sav
ng Normal
Publishing
nar on N995
Some boo
Papers ofwomen's pInternationlanguage, US; Chinese
cUniversity
concerned
Nshu works005. This boo220,000 scr
ves the origin
oks for readin
f the first problem in Pal JournalMouton De
ulture genePress,1995
d in the wo
s collection, ok contains 6ripts and its nal appearance
ng
internation
eking Univeof the s
e Gruyter B
eralization in
orld
China Publis640 articles otranslation we of Nshu
S
nal seminarersity, 1992; society of erlin New Y
n China, Pe
shing of Nworks
Some
r on
the York,
eking
-
27
Chinese Nshu Collection, Tsinghua University Press, 1992 (430
pieces of works are translated one word by one) (left) Chinese
culture generalization in China, Peking University Press,
1995(left)
Some studies about Nshu Women oral history, (above) Sanlian
Bookstore, (above)
Nshu and its culture, 1995; (left) Selected Works of
Hundred-years-old lady Yang Huanyi, 2004; (left) Nshu Character
comparison, Intellectual Property Press, China, 2006; (left)
Books about the studies of Nshu Female script in China, Yuanteng
Zhizhi, Japanese, 1996; The Research of Female script in China,
Yuanteng Zhizhi, Japanese,2003; The journal of Asian studies, Liu
Feiwen, the association for asian studies, Inc, Taiwan, 2001
-
28
2 some activities and reports about Nshu
Reports in the newspaper Asahi News in Japan Nshu stamps
(above)
Reports in Beijing Daily
Exhibitions of Nshu in Tsinghua University
The meeting of Eastern Women script by China, Japan and Korean
during the Women conference in the world in 1995.Many professional
and famous experts joined in it.
-
Nsh2004
Yuan wesucc
Studtrans
hu research a4. The honora
nteng (Janpanre Visiting t
cessor Yang H
More th
dents in Tsingslating Nsh
association caary president
n) and Zhao Lthe last natu
Huanyi(1994)
han 100-year
ghua during Shu. (above)
ame to the woLi Xueqin m
Liming ural ) (above)
r-old Zhou Yothe repopublishe
SARS were
29
orld and Exhmade a speech
Yan
ouguang was rt of the homed.
Students
original d
hibitions of Nh.
ng Huanyi a in the Tiana
me of spirit (
in Tsinghua data. (above)
Nshu were he
and an westeanmen Square
(above) gald
were saving
eld in Tsingh
ern old ladye (above)
to see Collec(abov
g and classif
hua in
y met
ctions ve)
fying
-
30
Writing exhibitions of Nshu and speech about Nshu in Chinese
Women's College
-
In thof thWe H
H
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
he first line ofhe three dictiHave Becom
HEX Gra
000 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 00A 00B 00C 00D 00E 00F
010 011
Af the table, Zionaries Nshe Good Frie
aphloca
L4,P
L5,P
L2,P
L5,P
L5,P
L2,P
L7,P
L4,P
L8,P
L5,P
L7,P
L2,P
L10,
L10,
L9,P
L4,PL4,P
L4,P
Appendix CZhaoChehu Yongzi Bij
ends Zhao
ation sam
P62
P22
P25
P36
P38
P53
P76
P76
P27
P28
P34
P41
P47
P49
P76
P79
P68
P84
31
C Nshen and Jianjiao, Nuhan D
mple loca
L6
L1
L9
L8
L7
L8
L13,
L7
L10
L2
L2
L13
L12
L2
L10
L2
L3
L3
hu Mappinng are the shDictionary a
Chen ation sam
P602
P554
P574
P602
P529
P595
P532
P606
P599
P550
P594
P542
P593
P538
P549
P581
P545
P595
ng hort form of thnd We Two K
mple loca
L0P
L2P
L7P
L4P
L1P
L3P
L11
L6P
L2P
L3P
L2P
L4P
L8P
L2P
L1P
L3P
L4P
L9P
he authors nKnow the Sc
Jiang ation sam
P212
P162
P159
P215
P137
P177
P139
P139
P190
P171
P165
P147
P187
P146
P166
P178
P151
P164
ames cript;
mple
-
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 01A 01B 01C 01D 01E 01F 020 021
022 023 024 025 026
L5,P
L3,P
L4,P
L3,P
L7,P
L6,P
L6,P
L9,P
L8,P
L2,P
L3,P
L3,PL5,P
L4,P
L4,P
L8,P
L1,P
L6,P
L8,P
L2,P
L4,P
P95
P101
P109
P113
P116
P141
P145
P149
P151
P21
P23
P21
P26
P41
P43
P49
P29
P54
P60
P65
P65
32
L10
L7
L1
L5
L5,
L1
L2
L13
L13
L10
L6
L3
L7
L12
L2
L9
L3
L1
L7
L16
L3
P607
P555
P562
P558
P586
P554
P598
P575
P580
P533
P547
P536
562
P544
P571
P538
P569
P549
P595
P538
P539
L5P
L4P
L4P
L2P
L4P
L2P
L4P
L5P
L8P
L12
L3P
L6P
L2P
L5P
L4P
L4P
L8P
L3P
L9P
L4P
L5P
P209
P197
P202
P146
P183
P162
P193
P160
P174
P139
P169
P142
P203
P151
P153
P199
P155
P148
P191
P144
P136
-
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
027 028 029 02A 02B 02C 02D 02E 02F 030 031 032 033 034 035 036
037 038 039 03A 03B
L2,P
L2,P
L3,P
L6,P
L7,P
L4,P
L5,P
L7,P
L1,P
L3,PL7,P
L3,P
L6,P
L4,P
L4,P
L3,P
L5,P
L8,P
L5,P
L2,P
L2,P
P66
P83
P83
P96
P109
P111
P116
P115
P118
P129
P132
P134
P138
P140
P148
P148
P153
P156
P27
P28
P29
33
L3
L6
L4
L7
L6
L15
L3
L9
L1
L14
L5
L12
L5
L10,
L0
L10
L9
L1
L8
L2
L2
P539
P589
P590
P536
P564
P551
P586
P553
P597
P593
P537
P607
P578
P561
P546
P544
P573
P609
P593
P600
P547
L3P
L3P
L3P
L6P
L6P
L2P
L4P
L8P
L3P
L2P
L5P
L9P
L4P
L3P
L3P
L4P
L7P
L4P
L7P
P144
P180
P180
P143
P204
absent
P157
P172
P188
P188
P143
absent
P174
P200
P163
P151
P138
P214
P187
P189
P164
-
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
03C 03D 03E 03F 040 041 042 043 044 045 046 047 048 049 04A 04B
04C 04D 04E 04F 050
L5,PL3,P
L2,P
L4,P
L4,P
L2,P
L7,P
L5,P
L7,P
L9,P
L4,P
L8,P
L8,P
L3,P
L5,P
L3,P
L7,PL4,P
L9,P
L4,PL7,P
P29
P32
P35
P34
P36
P37
P49
P50
P50
P21
P50
P50
P92
P52
P52
P58
P60
P62
P76
P81
P81
34
L12
L1
L5
L5
L6
L3
L5
L5
L2
L11
L4
L9
L12
L1
L2
L1
L6
L6
L1
L10
L9
P552
P584
P594
P594
P603
P603
P534
P607
P545
P606
P607
P568
P581
P579
P579
P583
P595
P602
P553
P594
P596
L7P
L0P
L6P
L5P
L2P
L4P
L1P
L6P
L7P
L2P
L1P
L6P
L1P
L2P
L1P
L4P
L6P
L4P
L9P
P173
P186
P215
P165
P165
absent
P142
P210
P147
P208
P210
P156
P176
P177
P177
P181
P178
P211
P194
absent
P191
-
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
051 052 053 054 055 056 057 058 059 05A 05B 05C 05D 05E 05F 060
061 062 063 064 065
L6,P
L4,P
L7,P
L5,P
L5,P
L2,P
L6,P
L6,P
L3,P
L11,P
L5,P
L6,P
L10,P
L4,P
L3,P
L7,P
L7,P
L6,P
L2,P
L4,PL4,P
P64
P85
P86
P87
P88
P95
P102 P98
P103
P109
P110
P115
P113
P120
P120
P120
P125
P125
P131
P132
P135
35
L1
L5
L1
L4
L1
L9
L6
L3
L5
L3
L2
L8
L4
L6
L5
L7
L10
L9
L10
L6
L3
P535
P603
P567
P595
P608
P526
P545
P548
P564
P589
P543
P553
P566
P570
P570
P580
P565
P565
P527
P533
P544
L5P
L7P
L4P
L6P
L5P
L4P
L5P
L1P
L1P
L2P
L6P
L4P
L8P
L3P
L2P
L4P
L1P
L2P
L3P
L1P
L1P
P141
P215
P206
P164
P210
P134
P162
P169
P206
P136
P146
P172
P204
P154
P154
P176
P143
P207
P135
P140
P151
-
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
066 067 068 069 06A 06B 06C 06D 06E 06F 070 071 072 073 074 075
076 077 078 079 07A
L7,P
L7,P
L9,P
L8,P
L11,P
L10,P
L3,P
L6,PL3,P
L3,PL3,P
L2,P
L7,P
L3,P
L1,P
L3,P
L5,P
L7,P
L8,PL11,
L5,P
P138
P141
P143
P144
P148
P146
P154
P156
P158
P20
P24 P33 P36
P38
P91
P42
P43
P44
P44
P45
P48
36
L5
L2
L3
L12
L1
L11
L4
L1
L5
L6
L9 L1
L2
L5
L3
L3
L4
L6
L5,P
L9,P
L7
P556
P554
P587
P594
P580
P527
P577
P599
P588
P526
P547
P572
P603
P529
P546
P551
P571
P580
P560
P562
P608
L7P
L7P
L2P
L3P
L3P
L3P
L4P
L2P
L1P
L3P
L2P
L1P
L5P
L2P
L5P
L7P
L5P
L1P
P172
P172
P184
P165
P175
P136
P161
absent
P187
P134
P172
P159
absent
P199
P142
P170
P153
P174
P199
absent
P211
-
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
07B 07C 07D 07E 07F 080 081 082 083 084 085 086 087 088 089 08A
08B 08C 08D 08E 08F
L3,P
L6,P
L6,P
L5,P
L4,P
L4,P
L3,P
L4,P
L2,P
L2,P
L5,P
L3,P
L4,P
L7,P
L6,P
L1,P
L5,P
L5,P
L5,P
L6,P
L5,P
P49
P49
P51
P60
P55
P78
P65
P75
P76
P67
P89
P91
P93
P93
P95
P98
P100
P100
P105
P106
P106
37
L6
L7
L14
L3
L13
L1
L2
L5
L2
L3
L6
L1
L12
L7
L11
L12
L10
L10
L14
L4
L4
P528
P528
P580
P592
P545
P590
P566
P562
P567
P606
P528
P538
P558
P566
P533
P543
P577
P577
P543
P549
P549
L4P
L3P
L1P
L6P
L1P
L5P
L5P
L1P
L2P
L4P
L0P
L4P
L3P
L3P
L1P
L8P
L8P
L1P
L2P
P136
P137
P161
P188
P163
P159
P144
P198
P206
P208
P138
P145
P201
P207
P141
absent
P174
P174
absent
P168
P168
-
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
090 091 092 093 094 095 096 097 098 099 09A
B09B 09C 09D 09E 09F 0A0 0A1 0A2 0A3
L1,P
L11,P
L3,P
L9,P L6,P
L2,P
L5,P
L6,P
L2,P
L2,PL5,P
L4,P
L5,P
L7,P
L4,P
L6,P
L1,P
L8,P
L12,P
L15,P
P113
P117
P121
P119
P122
P127
P127
P127
P128
P130
P134
P137
P138
P143
P140
P146
P148
P148
P151
P151
38
L10
L12
L9
L5
L14
L14
L1
L8
L7
L2
L14
L4
L4
L1
L9
L1
L8
L2
L5
L7
P527
P596
P579
P550
P544
P601
P561
P563
P591
P595
P607
P568
P578
P587
P561
P605
P542
P546
P530
P530
L4P
L3P
L2P
L1P
L1P
L3P
L2P
L1P
L1P
L6P
L2P
L3P
L1P
L2P
L4P
L3P
P170
P192
P175
P166
absent
P209
P200
absent
P180
absent
P168
P152
P174
P185
absent
P213
P149
P163
P138
P138
-
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
0A4 0A5 0A6 0A7 0A8 0A9 0AA 0AB 0AC 0AD 0AE 0AF 0B0 0B1 0B2 0B3
0B4 0B5 0B6 0B7 0B8
L4,P
L4,P
L6,P
L4,P
L7,P
L5,P L5,P L6,P L3,P
L6,P
L4,PL3,P
L8,P
L4,P
L4,P
L4,P
L5,P
L7,PL4,P
L5,P
L1,P
P152
P156
P158
P160
P160
P24
P25
P25
P35
P38
P42
P44
P49
P51
P57
P57
P57
P63
P66
P69
P71
39
L16
L1
L15
L7
L18
L10
L5,P
L6,P
L1
L11
L6
L4
L10
L4
L9
L9
L1
L5
L1,P
L3
L2
P535
P601
P594
P563
P562
P571
P559
P559
P596
P532
P551
P576
P537
P569
P575
P575
P581
P531
P540
P555
P576
L5P
L4P
L9P
L5P
L7P
L3P
L8P
L1P
L6P
L7P
L3P
L3P
L3P
L1P
L3P
L2P
L5P
L5P
P142
P194
P165
P203
P203
P151
P139
P199
P193
P139
P170
P201
P145
P135
P170
absent
P178
absent
P144
absent
P147
-
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
0B9 0BA 0BB 0BC 0BD 0BE 0BF 0C0 0C1 0C2 0C3 0C4 0C5 0C6 0C7 0C8
0C9 0CA 0CB 0CC 0CD
L2,P
L2,P
L4,P
L6,P
L3,P
L2,P
L6,P
L3,P
L5,P
L3,P
L1,P
L11,P
L6,P
L10,P
L7,P
L8,PL8,P
L4,P
L2,PL7,P
L2,P
P74
P83
P85
P84
P88
P97
P99
P111
P114
P115
P112
P115
P117
P117
P118
P118
P122
P144
P124
P136
P74
40
L6,P
L4
L4
L6
L5
L1
L8
L2
L18
L14
L13
L18
L11
L4
L19
L3
L7
L6
L8
L6
L5
P563
P589
P599
P593
P563
P537
P567
P549
P529
P535
P571
P576
P592
P606
P532
P604
P545
P597
P557
P549
P545
L8P
L3P
L2P
L5P
L1P
L6P
L3P
L2P
L2P
L3P
L9P
L2P
L2P
L2P
L0P
L5P
L2P
P207
P180
P191
P188
P189
absent
P153
P167
P138
absent
absent
P161
absent
P146
P139
P213
P164
P193
P200
P168
P216
-
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
0CE 0CF 0D0 0D1 0D2 0D3 0D4 0D5 0D6 0D7 0D8 0D9 0DA 0DB 0DC 0DD
0DE 0DF 0E0 0E1 0E2
L5,PL4,P
L8,P
L1,P
L2,P
L3,P
L2,PL6,P
L4,P
L8,P
L4,PL2,P
L4,P
L7,P
L2,P
L5,P
L4,P L6,P L3,P
L2,P
L7,P
P141
P143
P143
P142
P154
P156
P151
P152
P157
P158
P158
P24
P25
P27
P32
P39
P37
P41
P41
P46
P118
41
L12
L7
L3
L2
L3
L10
L1
L4
L2
L7
L10
L8
L10
L1
L15
L6
L3
L5
L11
L2,P
L5
P553
P581
P573
P573
P577
P598
P543
P554
P588
P598
P593
P547
P577
P600
P580
P538
P529
P546
P544
P560
P563
L6P
L1P
L3P
L4P
L1P
L3P
L0P
L3P
L10
L1P
L3P
L3P
L4P
L2P
L5P
L0P
L2P
P172
P193
P184
P157
P162
P193
absent
absent
P187
P195
P187
P167
P174
P176
P158
absent
P137
P164
absent
P135
P204
-
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
0E3 0E4 0E5 0E6 0E7 0E8 0E9 0EA 0EB 0EC 0ED 0EE 0EF 0F0 0F1 0F2
0F3 0F4 0F5 0F6 0F7
L2,P
L3,P
L10,
L4,P
L2,PL5,P
L5,P
L4,P
L4,P
L2,P
L6,P
L11,
L2,P
L5,P
L6,P
L2,P
L1,P L4,P
L5,P
L7,P
L2,P
P19
P50
P47
P53
P55
P56
P56
P58
P58
P79
P63
P69
P73
P84
P86
P93
P94
P95
P96
P98
P101
42
L3
L3
L3
L7
L1
L3
L8
L2
L2
L7
L3
L4
L4
L4
L5
L9
L5
L8
L7
L4
L11
P526
P607
P600
P547
P545
P567
P567
P583
P583
P544
P531
P574
P559
P595
P593
P558
P600
P532
P534
P548
P577
L3P
L3P
L1P
L8P
L6P
L6P
L5P
L1P
L4P
L3P
L2P
L8P
L5P
L1P
L5P
L1P
L1P
L1P
P134
absent
P190
P138
P151
P153
P153
P180
P183
absent
P136
P155
P196
P164
P188
P202
P190
P139
P141
absent
P175
-
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
0F8 0F9 0FA 0 FB 0FC 0FD 0FE 0FF 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107
108 109 10A 10B 10C
L2,P
L8,P
L10,P
L3,P
L3,P
L2,P
L4,P
L6,P
L3,P
L4,P
L6,P
L6,P
L3,P L5,P
L4,P
L8,P
L3,P
L7,P
L1,P
L5,P
L10,P
P108
P112
P115
P48
P117
P116
P118
P122
P126
P133
P134 P136
P138
P140
P140
P140
P145
P148
P149
P149
P150
43
L12
L6
L10
L4
L8
L4
L2
L13
L11
L8
L13
L5
L2
L9
L8
L9
L5
L1
L8
L10
L10
P574
P558
P562
P608
P586
P581
P597
P544
P565
P537
P607
P549
P575
P561
P561
P564
P597
P546
P550
P570
P546
L6P
L5P
L2P
L5P
L5P
L4P
L1P
L6P
L7P
L2P
L9P
L2P
L2P
L2P
L4P
L5P
L1P
L5P
P136
P195
P185
P142
absent
P175
P192
absent
P183
P143
P208
P168
P159
absent
P202
P205
P193
P163
P168
P155
P162
-
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
10D 10E 10F 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 11A 11B
B11C 11D 11E 11F 120 121
L8,P
L6,P
L4,P
L8,P L8,P L2,P
L5,P
L7,P
L3,PL4,P
L4,P
L7,P
L3,P
L4,P
L2,P
L6,P
L5,P
L2,P
L3,P
L4,P
L3,P
P152
P153
P153
P154
P158
P160 P157
P21
P25
P29
P31
P31
P39
P42
P44
P47
P54
P59
P66
P68
P46
44
L7
L10
L2
L10
L5
L6
L3
L9
L8
L11
L14
L2
L3
L10
L5
L8
L5
L4
L4
L3
L4
P554
P573
P577
P581
P598
P605
P588
P606
P577
P552
P576
P603
P535
P570
P576
P593
P544
P583
P539
P545
P560
L4P
L3P
L3P
L1P
L2P
L2P
L2P
L8P
L3P
L4P
L5P
L3P
L3P
L1P
L8P
L6P
L1P
P173
P158
P158
P195
P195
P216
P187
P208
P154
absent
P162
P215
P142
P170
P160
P187
absent
P180
absent
P151
absent
-
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 12A 12B 12C 12D 12E 12F 130 131
132 133 134 135 136
L3,P
L5,P
L3,P
L4,PL5,P
L5,P
L5,P
L7,P
L7,P
L4,PL2,P
L6,P
L2,PL5,P
L10,P
L7,P
L7,P
L7,P
L3,P
L5,P
L2,P
P72
P74
P72
P89
P93
P98
P100
P101
P111
P108
P109
P113
P114
P118
P120
P132
P134
P140
P26
P143
P139
45
L4
L14
L1
L3
L3
L3
L10
L11
L9
L2
L7
L3
L15
L4
L12
L7
L6
L8
L1
L9
L5,P
P562
P566
P559
P527
P562
P548
P577
P563
P571
P578
P564
P563
P601
P597
P575
P526
P541
P564
P560
P581
P556
L5P
L4P
L0P
L1P
L4P
L1P
L0P
L4P
L5P
L4P
L1P
L5P
L6P
L4P
L1P
L1P
L3P
P197
P206
P198
P136
P203
P171
P175
P182
P152
P172
absent
absent
absent
P192
P197
P134
P146
P205
P199
P161
absent
-
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
137 138 139 13A 13B 13C 13D 13E 13F 140 141 142 143 144 145 146
147 148 149 14A 14B
L2,P
L5,PL2,P
L6,P
L1,PL1,P
L5,PL2,P
L3,P
L9,P
L6,P
L7,P
L9,P
L2,P
L5,P
L4,P
L2,P
L1,PL6,P
L10,
L3,P
P144
P145
P151
P155
P161
P19
P31
P32
P43
P44
P46
P46
P48
P52
P54
P61
P70
P71
P85
P87
P92
46
L4
L1
L7
L3
L19
L1
L15
L2
L1
L5
L7
L10
L3
L3
L7
L2
L5
L1
L11
L5
L9
P587
P598
P552
P593
P601
P526
P576
P564
P571
P557
P590
P553
P528
P601
P529
P602
P574
P582
P572
P599
P554
L0P
L3P
L10
L2P
L2P
L2P
L9P
L3P
L4P
L4P
L5P
L4P
L8P
L2P
L2P
L4P
L7P
L5P
P185
P193
absent
P188
P152
P134
P162
P204
P153
P157
P179
P179
P137
P176
P150
P212
P155
P160
absent
absent
P170
-
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
14C 14D 14E 14F 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 15A 15B
15C 15D 15E 15F 160
L3,P
L6,P
L8,P
L7,P
L5,PL2,P
L7,P
L7,P
L2,PL3,P1
L4,P
L3,P
L1,PL5,P
L1,P
L10,P
L1,P
L3,P
L2,P
L8,P
L8,P
P94
P108
P110
P79
P81
P137
P147
P130
P135
119
P45
P146
P148
P147
P114
P133
P25
P30
P36
P55
P56
47
L12
L8
L17
L5
L5
L9
L12
L8
L8
L12
L5
L6
L8
L10
L5
L3
L5
L2
L4
L3
L4
P566
P555
P544
P585
P599
P549
P534
P527
P541
P576
P604
P604
P542
P534
P566
P538
P567
P572
P596
P553
P570
L3P
L6P
L5P
L1P
L3P
L1P
L5P
L3P
L5P
L5P
L2P
L3P
L1P
L0P
L5P
L8P
L8P
L1P
P207
P195
P150
P182
P189
P169
P141
P143
P146
P155
P211
P135
P149
P141
absent
P145
absent
absent
P191
P151
P154
-
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 16A 16B 16C 16D 16E 16F 170
171 172 173 174 175
L5,PL8,P
L5,PL2,P
L3,P
L3,P
L9,PL2,P
L3,P
L5,P
L3,P
L6,P
L4,P
L5,P
L2,P
L7,P
L9,P L6,P L13,P
L5,P
L2,P
P61
P69
P74
P105
P85
P116
P117
P120
P-1
P150
P159
P36
P39
P40
P62
P79
P67
P111
P122
P132
P142
48
L3
L5
L1
L3P
L6
L5
L11
L7
L2
L6
L7
L1
L5
L8
L4
L5
L11
L2
L6
L3
L1
P602
P555
P539
P 541
P599
P581
P594
P550
P609
P543
P598
P603
P535
P567
P602
P582
P543
P552
P571
P534
P575
L3P
L6P
L1P
L1P
L3P
L5P
L2P
L1P
L2P
L3P
L1P
L3P
L0P
L6P
L4P
L6P
P212
P163
P198
P147
P191
P178
P213
P167
P211
absent
P195
absent
absent
absent
absent
P157
P149
P168
P155
P140
P153
-
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
1B
176 177 178 179 17A 17B 17C 17D 17E 17F 180 181 182 183 184
L7,PL7,P
L6,P
L4,P L1,P
L4,P
L8,P
L5,P
L4PL1,P
L2,P
L5,PL3,P
L5,P
L9,P
P144
P154
P159
P30
P90
P54
P84
P91
P100
P134
P125
P66
P73
P128
P50
49
L1
L7
L4
L3
L12
L5
L4
L9
L7
L9
L1
L2
L4,P
L15
L1
P593
P589
P605
P572
P530
P538
P599
P546
P575
P537
P563
P540
P559
P571
P569
L8P
L1P
L3P
L4P
L5P
L3P
L5P
L0P
L3P
L2P
L3P
P188
absent
P216
P159
absent
absent
P191
P145
P160
P143
P141
P144
absent
P187
P156
-
Somthe
relatclearlimitfromdata
whicof wwe
repr
abse
mosHaninto solvthe pin N
me characterNshu propFirst, the bo
ted research rly. All of thted by the da
m Zhongguo Na collected fro
Second, thech are not use
which has lowregard as
resentative g
ence of allogrThird, there
st of them hanzi is uniquel
consideratiove such problprincipals to
Nshu Yongzi
rs are absenposal. Someook of Mr. Chto linguisticshe graphs
caata he had at Nshu Heji inom Nshu old absent mapped
frequently
w frequency. Tallograph
graphs to re
raph does not e are two cauave their indly-presented on, there
willem is that fin
o choose grapBijiao, we w
Notes tont in the booe explanatiohiang was pubs was only oame
from 12that time. N
n 2005. As yod successors.ping to the boy. It can be foThere are
seve
in our re
eplace them
affect daily cuses to choodependent oras the graphl be no grapnd
one graphphs of Nshuwill pay atten
50
o the mappok of Willia
ons as followblished in thene part of th
28 documentsshu Yongzi Bou know, Zho
ook of Mr. Cound by checkeral graphs inesearch, be
m. The graph
communicatise these unc
rigin. The othh we encode. ph in Nshu th with similau. If there
exntion to it.
ping tableam W. Chiawing: e 1995 as a pahe book, and s of Nshu
wBijiao comes
ongguo Nshu
Chiang mainlyking the bookn the book of ecause we
h in that b
on. common charher is that inIf we dont
to represent ar syllable to xists one grap
ang in the m
aper of Doctomany issues
works. Somes to the worldu Heji contain
y referred to k of Nshu Yof William W
have othe
book is replac
racters to enn Nshu Yontake these unthese Hanzireplace it, b
ph to represe
mapping tab
or Degree, ans were not soe researches d later, whichns more
than
several charaYongzi Bijiao, W. Chiang w
er widely-u
ced with
code. One isngzi Bijiao, sncommon gr. Another wa
but this disobent related H
le in
nd the olved were
h was 90%
acters most
which used
. The
s that some raphs ay to
beyed Hanzi
-
51
Appendix D1 About the book of We Two Know the Script;We
Have Become Good Friends
This book has a good introduction and guidance about Nshu from
the multi aspects to us.
The author got 719 basic graphs from 1535 allographs in 128
pieces of works with the total
number of 107,465. But something should be stressed here:
1 About the syllables
492 syllables are listed in all in the book which does not equal
to 492 characters. As
stressed in the book, many of these graphs represent more than
one syllable (P50), and
some syllables include more than one graph which are different
origin from Chinese. but the
predominant relation is one syllable/one graph is right. In
fact, based on the Jiangyong
Dialect Research by Huang Xuezhen, we published the Nshu
character comparison (2006),
which contains 956 syllables with tones included. Take the
syllable pa for example, we
listed pa 44 pa 35pa 13 pa 21pa 33 and pa 5, but in Chiangs
book, there are only two:
pa55 pa44.
2 About the number of characters.
In Chiangs book, the figure 719 is adopter as a basis for
further discussions (P50). But
due to different data bases and different ways of counting, Chen
Jin and Zhou Shuoqi have
identified some 600 Womens Script graphs (P72). Chinese Nshu
Collection contains more
than 90% ecological and original data of Nshu, with more than
220,000 characters. We
translated one by one, established two character tables, and do
the frequency statistics to the
every graph. Based on that, we published the paper of the Nshu
basic characters and their
origin verification in which we identified basic characters and
merged variations according to
their frequency and the theory of Character-cell which has been
mentioned above.
3 About the Chinese origin.
Chiang was uncertain about the actual origin of the Womens
script, as is mentioned there
is no evidence on actual origin,all said, the only concrete
evidence I have concerning the
origin of the script is its close connection to Hanzi. (P49) But
the book does not list all the
Chinese origin of Nshu characters. we have discussed the
relationship between Nshu and
Chinese characters above, and the paper Nshu basic characters
and their origin verification
showed us almost all the Chinese origin. We scientifically and
objectively tried our best to
-
52
seek the Chinese Origion, although some variants appares and
some graphs confused/.We will make a corresponding mapping between
Chinese origin and the Nshu basic character in the appendix of this
report. 4 About the amount of stroke.
In Chiangs book, basic graph strokes include slants from upper
right to lower left and
upper left to lower right, circles, dots, and curves.(P51). That
is to say, there are four basic
strokes. But according to our investigation from the old natural
women, only two basic
strokes constitute the script. One is the dot dian, the other is
curved arc hu. There exist
many variations in the process of its spread and spelling by
different people. Concretely
speaking, the circles are made up by two curves (arcs), not a
stroke. So we count the amount
of stroke following the rule of two basic strokes strictly.
-
53
Appendix D2 About Nuhan Dictionary of Chen Qiguang There exists
a huge dictionary in china: Nuhan Dictionary, which is known by
some foreign
experts. But this huge dictionary contains more than 3400
characters. We need to make an essential explanation.
The following three points should be stressed: First, we scanned
and photocopied all the original works, and cut and saved all
the
characters one by one from the photocopied pictures rather than
imitate. We listed the frequency of all the characters by counting
and by comparing the difference among different individuals from
all the works as far as we can find. According to the basic theory
about the character cell and the frequency, we regarded the
characters with the highest frequency as the basic characters,
which have been submitted to UCS and UTC as a proposal.
But all the characters in Nuhan Dictionary is written by the
author himself, some of which is faked and created by him. They
have never photocopied one character from the original works.
Besides that, they have not done the limited and completed
statistics to support themselves.
Second, all the data that Nuhan Dictionary followed and relied
on is the collected data from Tsinghua University other than one
piece of work that was collected by his student Mao Zhenlin instead
of him.
Chinese Nshu works collection was published by Tsinghua
University Publishing House in March, 1992, which was supported by
President Fund of Tsinghua University and sorted out and translated
by Zhao Liming and Zhou Shuoyi (the local manager of culture
field). In order to explain that Nshu doesnt have relationship with
Yaoyu (a language of minority), we invited Chen Qiguang from The
Central University for Nationalities, the expert of Yaoyu and the
author of Nuhan Dictionary to attend our project. Chinese Nshu
works collection contains 629 pieces of works, but Chen Qiguang
provided only one piece from his student. As early as the end of
eighties of Twentieth Century, Mr. Chen arrived in Jiangyong, but
went to hospital for cure since the second day.
On the international discussion forum of Nshu in 2004 which was
held by Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Mr. Chen announced that
he would have more than 400 pieces of Nshu works to publish. At
that time, we started to realize he had copied all the original
data from Chinese Nshu works collection which we translated every
word and sentence one by one and with the original sample
following.
Third, Nshu Character comparison and Nshu basic characters and
their origin verification which has been in the attachment in our
proposal has been published and discussed on the international
discussion forum of Nshu in 2004. All the members of the conference
got one copy, including the author of Nuhan Dictionary. That is to
say, Nshu Character comparison and Nshu basic characters and their
origin verification were published
-
54
first, and the Nuhan Dictionary came out later. So obviously
Nuhan Dictionary referred to the Nshu Character comparison and Nshu
basic characters and their origin verification, but the author has
never mentioned that.
Then lets focus on the statistics of 3400 characters in Nuhan
Dictionary. As an independent kind of script that can record the
language, there must be inner rules.
That is to say, the most widely acceptance and convenience is
necessary. So the use of basic characters are determined by the
principle of economy when the script is regarded as a communicating
tool. As a kind of script system which is used by rural women, it
is impossible for them to have a huge and complicated script system
such as three or four thousand characters included. It is possible
and necessary for a good and responsible professional researcher to
make up the data with the guidance of academic theory and
scientific attitude. The theory of character cell is a good and
important guide to deal with allograph and standardization for the
consideration of its inheriting and usage.
The frequency of the characters is ignored by Nuhan Dictionary,
nor listed all the allographs mapping to one character. It is
inconvenient for the user to check and choose the normative graphs
to use and useless for the researcher to clarify the basic graphs
and make up a standard. It is said in preface there are 3400
characters in all. We can take an example of (an) to find him how
this number was calculated.
We can find about 17 (an) at least by doing a rough statistic.
There are nine graphs who have eight strokes, and six in seven
strokes, and four in six strokes, which can be found at the page of
196,197,141,142 and 96 as following:
-
55
-
56
-
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Actually, we mparison amo
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Table D
44
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u33 42
ked and creaer been foundhe reliability
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and
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57
ples of ion after theowing table:
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ated graphs d in the origiy of this hugong the foural works.
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body knows,
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10
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cters, and
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d have nev
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59
confusion. T
found a grap
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-
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Five
hirteen exam
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59
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