Hailey Oliver & Mark Waters

[island of rising water]

Manna-Petaquiechen

Foreword

Our Design Report encapsulates the entire workings of our thesis project, Manna-Petaquiechen: Island of Rising Water. It documents and catalogues the influences, drawing processes and architectural components that contribute toward the choreographed, sacrificial landscape given over to water; a response to current climate change concerns and consequences. Here, we have created two portfolios that highlight our individual architectural output, sampling from the chapter in bold below.

The structure followed a narrative of cultivation, each of the five chapters a stage in the typical farming process: Sow, Irrigate, Fertilise, Harvest, and Yield.

Sow – “plant by scattering on or in the Earth.” Here, we plant the seed for the reader, introducing the main outline of the thesis, its prevalent influences, and architectural proposals that are part of this.

Irrigate - “supply water to help grow.” In this chapter, we elaborate on the significant influences that sculpted the thesis and have been prevalent throughout the two years of researching and drawing.

Fertilise - “make more productive by adding suitable substances.” As part of the Fertilise chapter, we focus on the creative processes we developed as part of a creative initiative to draw, develop, and refine new proposals.

Harvest - “the process of gathering in crops.” Here, we celebrate the final architectural landscape of Manna-Petaquiechen: Island of Rising Water, guiding the reader through an in-depth insight into the architectural proposals and accompanying experimental fields embedded into the Manhattan landscape.

Yield - “produce or provide (a result or gain).” This chapter reflects upon our individual approach to the practice of architecture, a recognition and distillation of the way we creatively operate within the architectural profession.

Integrated into this narrative of cultivation, we posited the original Native-American language of the Lenape People in amongst the language of the landscape. It is a reminder to the reader - and us both - of the origins of the land: a land that was once the Island of Many Hills (Mannahatta) is now the Island of Rising Water (Manna-Petaquiechen).

For access to our full Design Report, please email haileyoliver@hotmail.co.uk and a link will be sent for downloading.

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Glossary

Acetone Printing an iterative drawing process of printing flipped tiles using a laser printer, aligning to the page, brushing with acetone followed scraping

Chuck a short movie filmed and produced by Jason Rosette in 1987

Design Report a document detailing the entire outworkings of Manna-Petaquiechen

Device a small model designed to respond to the environment of Edinburgh

Exhibition Atlas a series of images describing the arrangement of exhibited models and drawings

Experimental Fields the external area that accompanies a piece of architecture

Field (i) an acetone printed drawing presenting a collection of our interests that highlight pertinent research from each group member

Field (ii) a set of acetone printed drawings scaled to relevant pieces of research, such as the Chuck movie and climate data

Field Plates the drawings that celebrate the developed architectures within Manna-Petaquiechen

Ghosted Building a building that has been demolished or no longer exists

Gnomon a furniture piece developed to host drawings

Irrigation Armature a device that attaches to the Plane Table to instigate flooding

Iterative Drawing Process a process of drawing that includes a number of steps which are repeated multiple times

Landscape a re-working of the land, where ground becomes wall becomes building becomes field

Lock a small piece of new architecture that sits within a larger existing building

Plane Table a furniture piece existing in multiple forms across time

Projection Drawing an iterative drawing process where an image was projected, photographed and traced repeatedly

Referential Armature a device used to reference historical moments in the landscape with the Irrigation Armature on the Plane Table

Route a chosen route for experiencing the developed architectures across the landscape, following water

Thesis Biography a collection of influences that shaped Manna- Petaquiechen

Thesis Drawing the overall workings of the thesis drawn into one drawing

Thesis Drawing Atlas & Plates an atlas celebrating the Thesis Drawing as 1:1 sheets

Thesis Drawing: Delaminations the separate layers that the Thesis Drawing can be read through

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Translations

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Achgonican a fish dam

Aschowin the swim

Gahan shallow water

Gelieclihammen to sow

Gischikenammen to produce fruit

Gunaquot-aney high path

Kschachen the wind blows hard

Kschippenhellen the water flows rapidly

Mannahatta Island of Many Hills

Manna-Petaquiechen Island of Rising Water

Manschasqueen to reap Nickpeu-Hakihaken wet-field

Niskpatton to make wet

Psindpeu overflowed with water

Sikey-Hakihaken salt-field

Taquichen join together

Witamehellen -Mbi to walk with water

Wuliken it grows well

Here, we have virtually modelled what would have been our thesis exhibition set-up.

Manna-PetaquiechenExhibition Atlas

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Manna-PetaquiechenThesis Drawing

Manna-Petaquiechen translates from Native American Lenape to the Island of Rising Water. It is a series of experimental laboratories – and accompanying fields - that produce a realistic strategy for predicted future climatic norms, specifically that of rising seas.

This drawing of Manna-Petaquiechen encapsulates the many aspects of the thesis we consider to be prevalent in a realistic setting. It gathers and celebrates the proposed architectures, their influences in terms of tools we have crafted through its development, and environmental conditions in which the thesis thrives.

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The various architectures located across this landscape utilise the abundance of water in an ever-uncertain climate. Current protocol within major western cities is to block out the water and keep it at the shores, a response that fails to engage with this natural resource. Manna-Petaquiechen is a landscape that not only endures this predicted plethora of water from the edges of the island, but also attempts to thrive through managing it.

Manna-Petaquiechen Thesis Drawing Delamination

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Manna-PetaquiechenThesis Drawing Delamination

The base of this drawing locates and contextualises the surrounding judicial programmes that will continue to function throughout the proposed landscape of experimental fields, an embedded fascination and reminder of the ‘strange’ experience of visiting the Civic Center.

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Manna-PetaquiechenThesis Drawing Delamination

In the 17th century, Collect Pond – the original watering hole for a small but growing city – naturally existed. This is when Manhattan was known as Mannahatta, translating from Lenape to Island of Many Hills. As the land was flattened and the grid system imposed, Collect Pond was buried. This location is apt for Manna-Petaquiechen as an area of sacrificial, choreographed wet-scape, in an area that is politically, historically and environmentally relevant.

This weathering layer acknowledges a continual awareness of the climate and natural aspects of the environment, a trait developed through our iterative drawing process of Acetone Printing. The parkland across the landscape works both as park and as sacrificial land for potential flooding, an awareness of climatic and environmental changes across a myriad of timescales.

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Manna-PetaquiechenThesis Drawing Delamination

Locating an orchestrated flood in a location such as this plays a key role in challenging the priorities of the political bodies in control of the island against their decisions to act against climate change.

The two routes, referred also as walks with water, are a way of celebrating the architectures across the landscape using the water as a guide.

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RoutesPlan

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Current Proposal

a. Wind Farm- and field of hurricane resistant wind turbines

b. Fish Farm- and field of open-air tanks

c. Coral Plantation - and field of Lagoons

d. East River Swimming Pools e. Two Bridges Pierf. Bloom Power Poolg. Salt Pans

- and field of salt pondsh. Eco-Pesticide Farm

- and field of pest-plant farmsi. Flood Simulation Pools

- and field of pool pitsj. Overflow Basinsk. Bathing Poolsl. Tank Vessel m. Ground Water Reservoirn. Gracie Petite o. The Protest Reservoirp. East River q. Two Bridges Bayr. Two Bridges Inlet s. Sacrificial Garden Basins

Proposed Future Developments

1. Salt Storage Extensions 2. Debris Capture, Filtration and Store3. Aqueduct Administration 4. The Baths Administration 5. Tank Vessel Administration 6. Plant Filtration Testing 7. Broadway Cistern

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Another walk with water, we begin at Two Bridges Pier via New York Taxi Boat services. A creaky walk on the timber decking towards Bloom Power Pool, we pass housing confronted by Two Bridges Bay. Through the park spaces we pass between the Eco-Pesticide Farm and follow Two Bridges Inlet inland. Upon arrival at the Flood Simulation Pools, we encounter the water being released into one of the pools, the sound of water crashing against the rigid edges.

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This facility’s experimental field is a pool environmentally stable for hosting a bloom of Lion’s Mane jellyfish. The research taking place is whether it is possible to harvest enough turbulent energy from the pulses of jellyfish that makes the energy balanced and sustainable, whilst maintaining the wellbeing of the jellyfish. There is space in the architecture for constructing and developing the energy harvesting devices, of which clip into an area around the perimeter of the pool netted off from the main jellyfish area. This means devices can be getting adapted whilst other devices are in being tested.

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Bloom Power Pool | Two Bridges PierField Plate

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Bloom Power PoolPlan

a. Pool Observation Unit- with mezzanine level above

b. Lion’s Mane Jellyfish Wellbeing Laboratory c. Energy Analytics Laboratory d. Tidal Power Device Workshop and Testing Laboratory

- device development for harvesting turbulent energy

e. Lion’s Mane Jellyfish Wellbeing Stock- food stock of plankton, fish and crustaceans

f. Power Generatorg. Lion’s Mane Jellyfish Bloom Pool

- pool perimeter space for locking in energy harvesting devices

h. Staff Rest, Changing and Lockersi. Two Bridges Bayj. Residential Lobbyk. Sacrificial Garden Basin

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Bloom Power PoolSection

Lion’s Mane JellyfishGenus - CyaneaAlternative Names - Giant Jellyfish, Hair Jellyfish Size - Average diameter of roughly 50cm, longest recorded was 36.6m long- a group of jellyfish can be referred to as a ‘bloom’- feeds on shrimp, zooplankton, smaller fish - remain near the surface of water, no deeper than 20m- they move through slow pulsations, creating turbulent movement of the water surrounding them

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a. New York Taxi Boat Waiting Areab. Taxi Boat Dock Spacec. Information Servicesd. Pier Cafee. Kitchenf. Staff Rest and Changing g. East River

Two Bridges PierPlan

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Two Bridges PierSection

Sacrificial Timber:Throughout the landscape, the architectures have been designed in a way where in extreme weather events, the timber elements can be sacrificed. This, in turn, will open up the storm ridden spaces to the public until they are rebuilt and closed off for environmental experiments once more. Regarding Two Bridges Pier, the timber elements that are sacrificed result in the pier being unusable, reminding the people that climate change will disrupt their daily lives, like that of The Protest landscape around City Hall.

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This farm specifically focusses on growing pest-plants such as Ragweed, Lambs Quarters and Creeping Thistle – three weeds local to New York State (as well as further afield) that interfere with crop growth and yield. The research here is into developing an ecologically and environmentally friendly pesticide. The base of this pesticide will use water that is filtered from Two Bridges Inlet Distributary. The solid concrete and brick elements of the architecture are designed to close off from stormy weather using shutters, with pockets of storage space across the area to house valuables that are usually kept in the timber, sacrificial pieces of architecture.

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Eco-Pesticide FarmField Plate

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Eco-Pesticide FarmPlan

a. Sand-based Water Filtration and Testing Factilityb. Eco-Pesticide Development Laboratory

- using filtered water as basec. Eco-Pesticide Analytics and Field Observation Laboratoryd. Pest-Plant Fields

- growth of Ragweed, Lambs Quarters and Creeping Thistle - common North East crop pests

e. Staff Rest, Lockers and WCf. Storage, mainly for protection of goods against damaging weatherg. Farm Shedh. Garage, mainly for protection of vehicles against damaging weather

- vehicles include forklift and excavator, for soil and fertilizer delivery and distribution

i. Two Bridges Inlet Distributary j. Soil Pit Storagek. Access for Soil and Fertilizer Delivery l. Access for Sand and Gravel Replacement m. Two Bridges Inlet

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Eco-Pesticide FarmSection One

Ragweed:Genus - Ambrosia, from the sunflower family Alternative Names - Bursages, Burrobrushes Growth Height - up to 4m- blooms from July through October - uprooting the weed is usually ineffective- pollen is wind-dispersed, contact can cause allergic reactions

Lambs Quarters:Genus - ChenopodiumAlternative Names - Melde, White Goosefoot, Fat-HenGrowth Height - up to 1.5m- cultivated in some cultures as a vegetable crop- regarded as a weed for potato, soybeans and corn crop - poisonous to sheep and swine if large amounts are consumed

Creeping Thistle:Genus - CirsiumAlternative Names - Canada Thistle, Field Thistle Growth Height - up to 1.5m- floral fragrance attracts honeybees for pollinating - seeds are an important food for the goldfinch and the linnet- as an adaptive species, it is deemed worldwide as one of the worst pest-plants

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Eco-Pesticide FarmSection Two

Sand and Gravel Water Filtering:Water is pumped up from Two Bridges Inlet Distributary and through a series of tanks filled with varying degrees of grains such as sand and gravel. Using this method removes large and small dirt particles, as well as using both gravity and pressure to limit the amount of energy consumed in this process. - grains range from 0.6mm to 1.2mm- use of flocculant chemicals in first tank, meaning that dirt particles stick together to form larger dirt particles- this process is also used across other architectures in the landscape where water filtering is necessary

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Eco-Pesticide FarmStreet View

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The Flood Simulation Pools is an area for research into developing materials that are resistant specifically to flood water. There are three types of pool-pits where ideas and pieces that are developed in the workshop can be constructed: the first pool-pit is stepped, which helps to create more of a force when the water hits the constructed pieces; the second is simply a flat surface, for testing the durance of the material in flood water; the third is also a flat pit, but is mainly for testing and developing waterproof planters that will host crop.

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Flood Simulation PoolsField Plate

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Flood Simulation PoolsPlan

a. Flood Simulation Pool Analytics and Observation Laboratory b. Flood Simulation Pools

- stepped, for impetus flood simulation - flat, for lingering flood simulation- flat, for testing crop ‘basins’ in lingering flood simulation

c. Wood, Metal and Casting Workshops, with accompanying outdoor spaced. Staff Changing, Lockers, WC, Showers and Laundry, for outdoor workerse. Staff Rest, for outdoor workers (designated dirty rest space)

- upper floors include Staff Rest (designated clean rest space), Inlet and Pool Plugs Operation Unit

f. Storage, mainly for protection of goods against damaging weatherg. Simulation Plugsh. Two Bridges Inleti. Two Bridges Inlet Distributary j. Acess for Workshop Deliveries

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Flood Simulation PoolsSection

Casting Workshop:- development of waterproof concrete- experiments with damp-proof brick- experiments with damp-proof mortar

Timber Workshop:Development of timber planters, where water is used between two layers of timber - like that of a cavity - in order to keep the timber expanded and the soil and plant protected from exterior water like that of flooding. (Adapting the idea of the timber water tanks scattered across Manhattan rooftops, where the water stored inside causes the timber to expand and therefore the water does not leak out.)

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