Islam - Gr.13.pmd ed

bia,dï

13 fY%aKsh

.=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh^2010 isg 13 fY%aKsh i|yd&

wd.ï fomd¾;fïka;=j"

úIhud,d ixj¾Ok mSGh

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh"

uyr.u'

© cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

m<uqjk uqøKh 2010

bia,dï13 fY%aKsh

wd.ï fomd¾;fïka;=j"

NdId" wd.ï" udkj Ydia;% yd iudcúoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j"

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh"

uyr.u'

uqøKh

i

iii

fmrjok

ksmqK;d mdol úIhud,dj mdi,a moaO;shg y÷kajdoSfï ld¾hh 13 jk fY%aKsfha .=re

ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%y y÷kajd oSu;a iu`. iïmQ¾K fõ' 12 jk yd 13 jk fY%aKsj, isiq isiqúhka

úYaj úoHd, m%fõYh i|yd mj;sk oeä ;r.hg f.dÿreùu ksid ksrka;rj u hï ;rul

mSvkhlg hg;a fõ' kj úIhud,dj m%:u j;djg w'fmd'i' ^W'fm'& i|yd fhdod .efkk úg

fuu mSvkh ;j;a oeä fõ' tjeks wjia:djl Tn w;g m;ajk .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh"

úIh ks¾foaY ;rug u .=rejrekg jeo.;a jkafka h' fuys uQ,slj u .=rejrhd ie,ls,a,g

.; hq;= me;s ;=kla we;' tkï .=re ud¾f.damfoaY" úIh ks¾foaYh yd mQ¾Kj .e<mS ;sîu"

úIhud,dfõ wkfmalaIs; ksmqK;d mdolj úIhud,dfõ o¾Ykh yd oelau uq,afldg f.k ilid

;sîu yd 12 - 13 fY%aKsj, orejdf.ka wfmalaIs; idOk uÜgu fufkys fldg ilid ;sîu'

tfyhska fuh fyd|ska mßYS,kh lsÍu .=rejrhdg w;HjYH ld¾hhla yd j.lSula jkafka h'

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh by; lS lreKq ;=k u Tnf.a wjOdkhg f.k tau i|yd 13 jk

fY%aKsj, b.ekaùï lrk ishü .=rejrekg ta i|yd wjYH mqyqKqùï ,ndoSu i|yd o l%shd;aul

ù isà' ksrka;rj meje;afjk fuu mqyqKq ieisj,g wod< .=rejreka iyNd.S ùu w;sYhska u

wjYH lrekla jkafka fuys oelafjk bf.kqï - b.ekaùï uQ,O¾u yd l%shdodu jgyd .ekSug

mqyqKqj fnfyúka bjy,a jk ksid h' úfYaIfhka u mdi,a mdol we.hSï l%shd" ksmqK;d

j¾Okh i|yd bjy,a lr .ekSu wfmalaId flf¾' úIh lreKqj,g muKla b.ekaùu hg;aùug

fkdoS isiqkf.a l=i,;d Tm .ekaùfï wNs,dIh bgqlroSug fï ish¨ ueosy;aùï wjYH nj

wOHdmk yd we.hSï ld¾hfha kshef,k wm ish¨ u fokd jgyd .; hq;= fõ'

.=re ud¾f.damfoaY ms<sfh, lsÍfï w;sYh fjfyildÍ ld¾hh bgqlr,Sug ueosy;a jQ

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha ishü Ydia;%Sh wxYj, ks,OdÍka we;=`M ld¾h uKav, yd ndysrj ta

i|yd odhl jQ úoaj;a yeu fokdg u o udf.a úfYaI ia;=;sh ysñ fõ'

uydpd¾h Wmd,s tï' fiaor

wOHlaI ckrd,a

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

ix{dmkh

fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh 2010 j¾Ifha isg 13 jk fY%aKsh i|yd bf.kqï -

b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh ixúOdkh lr .ekSu i|yd .=re Nj;=ka yg m%fhdackj;a fõ'

fuu fmd; iïmdokh lsÍug mdol lr.;a úIh ks¾foaYh fuf;la mej;s úIh

ks¾foaYj,g jvd fjkia jQjls' tu fjki y÷kd .ekSug fhduqjk Tng th ksmqK;d mdol

úIh ks¾foaYhla nj oelsh yels h' fuys oelafjk ksmqK;djla tu fY%aKsh ;=<oS u idlaId;a

lr .; hq;= hehs wfmalaId fkdflf¾' we;eïúg ta i|yd fndfyda l,la .;úh yels h' tfy;a

ksmqK;d uÜgï yd tla tla ksmqK;d uÜgï hgf;a oelafjk bf.kqï M, tu fY%aKsh ;=<oS u

w;am;a lr .; hq;= fõ' tneúka Tng fY%aKshg wod< mdvï ie<iqï lr .ekSfï oS tu ksmqK;d

uÜgï yd bf.kqïM, fnfyúka m%fhdackj;a fõ' fuu bf.kqï M, bf.kqï - b.ekaùï

l%shdj,sfha oS tla tla wruqKq ilid .ekSug fuka u mka;s ldurfha oS isÿ flfrk we.hSï

WmlrK ilia lr .ekSfï oS ks¾Kdhl f,i fhdod .ekSu flfrys Tnf.a wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu

wfmalaId flf¾' fuu úIh yeoEÍfï oS mßYS,kh l< hq;= w;sf¾l fmd;am;a fuka u fjí wvú

ms<sn| isiqka oekqj;a lsÍug o fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh Tng m%fhdackj;a fõ'

fuys fhdað; l%shdldrlï Tn ks¾udKYS,S .=rejrhl= jYfhka l%shd lsÍfï wfmalaId

iys; j wdo¾Yj;a f,i bosßm;a l< tajd jYfhka i,lkak' .=re flakaøSh mka;s ldur l%shdj,sh

fjkia lr YsIH flakaøSh njla we;s lsÍu úfYaIfhka wfmalaId flf¾' tneúka isiqka úúO

fmd;am;a mßYS,khg wka;¾cd, Ndú;h jeks .fõIKhg fhduq flfrk bf.kqï wjia:d yels

yeuúg u Wod l< hq;= fõ' b.ekaùfï oS idïm%odhsl f,i igyka bosßm;a lsÍu fjkqjg

wdl¾IKSh f,i kj oekqu uQ,O¾u wdosh bosßm;a l< hq;= fõ' ta i|yd ;dlaIKh yels;dla

ÿrg fhdod.;a ikaksfõok Wml%u Ndú; lsÍu kj mka;sldurh ;=< oS Wkkaÿ úh hq;= fõ' ta

i|yd kj ;dlaIKsl WmlrK yels;dla ÿrg Ndú; lsÍug ks¾udKYS,S ùu wjYH fõ'

13 jk fY%aKsfha oS fuu úIh bf.kSu wrUk Tnf.a isiqkag úIh ks¾foaY ukdj meyeos<s

lr fokak' j¾Ih mqrd l%shd;aul lrk Tnf.a b.ekaùfï ie,eiau y÷kajd fokafkakï th

isiqka ;=< fm<Uùula jkq we;' uq`M úIh ks¾foYh wdjrKh lr .ekSug mdi, fj; isiqka

wdl¾YKh fõ' fuu úIhud,d m%;sixialrK rgg oefkk mka;s ldur bf.kqï - b.ekaùï

l%shdj,sfha fjkila we;s lrkq i|yd wod< úIh ks¾foaYh fuka u fuys fhdað; l%shdj,s

weiqfrka Tnf.a ks¾udKYS,S yelshd mqnqÿjd .kakd fuka b,a,ñ'

fuu ud¾f.damfoaY ieliSfï oS odhl jQ úoaj;a ieug" .=reNj;=kag iy cd;sl wOHdmk

wdh;kfha ks,OdÍkag uf.a ia;=;sh ysñ fõ' fï ld¾hh i|yd u`.fmkajQ wOHlaI ckrd,a

uydpd¾h ,d,a fmf¾rd ue;s÷ka fuka u uqøK lghq;= isÿlr mdi,aj,g ,ndoSfï j.lSu Ndrf.k

lghq;= l< wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a we;=`M ld¾hh uKav,hg uf.a úfYaI ia;=;sh

mqo lrñ' fuys we;=<;a lreKq ms<sn|j ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd wef;d;a ud fj; ,nd fokafka

kï lD;{ fjñ'

úu,a ishU,df.dv

iyldr wOHlaI ckrd,a

NdId" wd.ï" udkj Ydia;% yd iudc úoHd mSGh

iv

v

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,af.a mKsúvh

vi

f,aLl uKav,h

WmfoaYkh ( wdpd¾h Wmd,s tï' fiaor

wOHlaI ckrd,a" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

úu,a ishU,df.dv uhd

iyldr wOHlaI ckrd,a

wd.ï" NdId" udkj Ydia;% yd iudc úoHd mSGh"

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

wOHlaIKh ( wdpd¾h mQcH udUq,af.dv iqukr;k ysñ

wOHlaI ^wd.ï& cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

úIh WmfoaYl;ajh ( wdpd¾h tï' ta'tï' Iqlaß"

wOHlaI" k,Sñhd bia,dóh wdh;kh" fírej,'

wIafIala" ta' iS' w.d¾ uqyïuoa"

ksfhdacH wOHlaI" k,Sñhd bia,dóh wdh;kh"fírej,'

wIafIala" tï' tia' tï' wíÿ,a ndß

bia,dóh YsIagdpdr fomd¾;fïka;=j"

fmardfoKsh úYajúoHd,h'

uõ,ú tï' tÉ' tï' ,d*s¾"

ksfhdað;" cïbhah;=,a W,ud iNdj

iïnkaëlrKh ( tia' tï' wd¾' iqoSka

m%Odk jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ"

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

f,aLl uKav,h ( tï' tÉ' tï' kd,s¾

wIafIala tï' tÉ' tï' nqydß

wIafIala" ta' mS' tï' wíndia

wIafIala" ta' iS' idcydka

wIafIala tï'tï' *iaÆ¾ ryaudka

wIafIala tia' tï' tï' uidys¾

tï' tia' tï' wkia

tï' tia' tï' nQiß

tka' .mq¾oSka

tia' tï' wd¾' iQoSka

ixialrKh ( tia' tï' wd¾' iqoSka

m%Odk jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

wIafIala tï' tÉ' tï' nqydß

mßj¾;kh ( tia' ta' iS' tï' lrdu;a

wdpd¾h tï' tÉ' tï' kdðï

tia' tï' fk!*¾

tï' tÉ' tï' hdl+;a

tï't*a'tï' *dysï

NdId ixialrKh ( tï' tÉ' tï' hdl+;a

mß.Kl ieliqu ( ks,añKs ngj,

msgljrh ( tï' ví,sõ' ta' wid¾

1'0 ye|skaùu

ñksid iudcdkqfhdackh lrk idOl w;frka wOHdmkhg m%Odk ;ekla ysñ fõ'

iudcdkqfhdack l%shdj,sfha oS wd.ug jeo.;a ;ekla ,efí' tfyhska wd.u yd wOHdmkh

wfkHdkH jYfhka iïnkaOù l%shd lrhs'

bia,dï Ôjk l%uhla f,i" uqia,sïjrekaf.a Ôú;h f.dvke.Su flfrys o" l%shd;aul

lsÍu flfrys o" ixúOdkh lsÍu flfrys o mQ¾K n,mEula we;s lrhs' th úIhhla f,i

ie,l+j o" Ôú;h i|yd jQ u`. fmkaùula f,i b.ekaúh hq;= h' fmdÿfõ ñksia iudch o

úfYaIfhka ;reK mrïmrdj o wd.u neyer lrñka Ôj;a jk wo jeks hq.hl wd.fï wjYH;dj

o" jeo.;alu o" isiqkaf.a is;a ;=< ia:dms; lsÍu w;HjYH lreKls' ta i|yd ilia lr we;s

fuu úIh ks¾foaYh l%shd;aul lsÍu iïnkaOfhka .=rejrekaf.a odhl;ajh ld¾hlaIu ùu

wjYH h' fuh isoaOdka;uh jYfhka muKla fkdj l%ufõo" wdo¾Y jeks l%u u.ska o bosßm;a

úh hq;= h'

nyq jd¾.sl iudchl iq`M;r iudchla f,i Ôj;ajk wmg bia,dï úIh WmfoaYkh

bia,dufha wkkH;dj rlsk w;r wka wd.ï iu`. wfkHdkH wjfndaOfhka Ôj;a ùug u`.mdok

tlla o úh hq;= h' ta ksid nyqjd¾.sl iudc ms<sn| j oek.ekSug wjia:djla fuu úIh

ks¾foaYh ;=<ska ,nd oS we;'

wd.u" l,d úIh Odrdjg wh;a úIhhla f,i i,lkq ,enQj o Ôú;hg Rcqj iïnkaO

jk lreKq tys we;=<;a fyhska ish`M wxYj, isiqka wd.u úIhh flfrys" úfYaIfhka bia,dï

úIh flfrys jeä wjOdkhla fhduq l< hq;= h' bia,dï W.kajk .=rejrekaf.a lemùu;a

fkduiqre jEhu;a fï i|yd wjYH jkafka h' ta wkqj úIhh W.kajk .=rejrekaf.a mQ¾K

lemùu;a odhl;ajh;a wfmalaId flf¾'

fuu úIhh b.ekaùu i|yd .=rejreka mq`M,a f,i .fõIK ld¾hfha fhosh hq;= w;r

isiqkaf.a oekqu l=i,;d wdl,am iy l%shd flfrys m%n, n,mEula we;s lrk l%shd ud¾.

Ndú;d l< hq;= fõ' fuu`.ska bia,dóh oekqu" mqyqKqfjka fyì isiq mrmqrla we;s lsÍug yels

jk w;r rgg jevodhS mqrjeishka f,i Tjqka ìys lr .ekSug;a yels fõ hehs wm ;rfha

úYajdi lruq'

f,aLl uKav,h

vii

iv

mgqk

msgqj

² fmrjok

² ix{dmkh

² .%ka: m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsúvh

² ye|skaùu

² f,aLl uKav,h

² úIh lreKq wjfndaO lr .ekSug w;aje,la

² mdi,a mdol we.hSu - ye|skaùu

² mdi,a mdol we.hSï WmlrK

1

ksmqK;dj 7'0 ( bia,dufha iïNjh yd j¾Okh ms<sn|j o Y%S ,xldfõ bia,dï y÷kajd

oSu ms<sn|j o jgydf.k m%ldY lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'1 ( bia,dufha ìysùu yd j¾Okh ms<sn| j jgydf.k tys mQ¾jdo¾Y

f.k yer olajhs'

ld,h ( ld, mßÉfþo 25

bf.kqï M, ( ² bia,dï ìysù j¾Okh jQ miqìu jgydf.k bia,dufha wjYH;dj

iúia;rj olajhs'

² bia,dï ys wd.ñl" iudc" foaYmd,k j¾Okfhys uÜgï ft;sydislj

úia;r lr rpkd ,shhs'

úIh lreKq meyeos<s lsÍug w;aje,la

kì î,a& ;=udKkaf.a ld,fha bia,dufha iïNjh yd j¾Okh

² bia,dï hkq ñksidf.a iïNjh iu`. wdrïN jqKq tla Ôjk l%uhls' iEu kìjrfhl=u

foaYkd lf<a bia,duhhs' iEu kìjrekaf.a oSkh bia,duh jkafka h' tfy;a ld,hg yd

iudc mßirhg wkqj tu oSkhkays Ißwd fjkia jQfhah' bia,dufha oSka ia:djr jQ o"

Ißwdj ld,hg yd mßirhg kuH jQ o úh' kì î,a& ;=udf.a ld,h iu`. Ißwdj

ia:djr úh' tu ksid w,a,dya fj; wkqu; wd.ï bia,dï ^3(19& hehs o" fmr kìjreka

fuka u kì î,a& ;=udg o IÍwdj ,nd ÿka nj o ^5(48& w,al=¾wdka mjihs'

² fuysoS wm ie,ls,a,g .kqfha kì ̂ i,a& ;=udf.a ld,fha y÷kajd fok ,o Ißw;hg wkqj

bia,dï .ekh'

² kì uqyïuoa î,a& ;=ud l%s'j' 6 jk Y;j¾Ifha " 7 jk oYlfha oS bmeÿKy' t;=udf.a

ßid,;h 7 jk Y;j¾Ifha m%:u oYlfha oS ìys úh'

² kì ̂ i,a& ;=udg fmr f,dalfha wd.ï fndfyduhla úh' thska iuyrla jyS u.ska w,a,dya

úiska my< lrkq ,enQ tajd h' tajdhska ;õrd;a" inQ¾" bkað,a" hk tajd wm okakd tajd h'

;j;a iuyrla w,a,dya úiska my< lrkq fk,enQ tajd h' WodyrK f,i ñksia Ñka;kj,ska

ìys jQ iuk" fidriaá%hu" fldka*shqishu jeks wd.ï i|yka l< yelsh' tfy;a tajd

ñksid ks¾udKh l< wd.ï ksid wvqmdvqlï iys; úh' w,a,dya úiska my< lrkq ,enQ

wd.ï mjd riQ,ajrekaf.a wNdjfhka miqj ñksia n,mEu ksid fjkialïj,g Ndckh

úh' kef.kysr fyda ngysr jyS u.ska my< lrkq ,enQ wd.ï úkdYhg Ndckh jQ

iajNdjh;a" woyia lsysmhla iu`. iy iïm%odhhka iu`. ms<sfj;a f,iska muKla mj;skafka

h'

² ta w;r w,a,dya úiska my< lrkq ,enQ wd.ï iïnkaOfhka tajd cd;sl wd.ï úh' frdau

wêrdcHh ìysù j¾Okh ùug l,ska rgj,a ish,a,u fjka j mej;sks' uqyqÿ" l÷" le,E"

ldka;dr" hkdosh miqlr hd yels WmlrK olakg fkd;snQ ksid ke;fyd;a ta i|yd jk

oekqu fkd,eîu ksid rgj,a fjka fjka j mej;sks' tfia fjka j mej;s rgj,g fjka

fjka wdldrfha wd.ï my< flreKs' fï ksid iuld,Skj kìjre fiajh l< nj olskafkuq'

2

bírdysï ^wff,& ¨;a ^wff,& tlu ld,fha fjka fjka m%foaYj, fiajh l<y' Bid

^wff,& ;=ud yd hyahd ^wff,& ;=ud IïW!;a ^wff,& ^34(14& wh o tlu ld, jljdkqfõ

Ôj;a jQy' ^34(14&

² frdau wêrdcHh jHdma; j mej;s wjêfha oS foaYmd,k yuqoduh yd fjf<| wruqKq i|yd

mdrj,a ;kk ,oS' md,ï ;kk ,oS' fï ksid iSud iys; fmfoil ysrù isá iudc

tlsfklg iïnkaO úh' tla NdIdjla wka wh oek .ekSug;a" tla msßilf.a Ôjk l%uh

fjk;a wh oek .ekSfï wjia:dj;a Wodúh' fujeks rgj,a w;r iïnkaOh wka;¾

cd;sl kìjrfhl= ìysùu mqfrdal:kh lf<ah' fï ksid kì î,a& ;=ud uq`M ukqIH

ixy;shgu wh;a kìjrhd f,i o ^7(158& wjika kìjrhd f,i o ^33(40& f,i my<

lrkq ,enQy' t;=udg *q¾ldka hk kñka jQ wd.ula my< lrk ,oS' tys oSkh l,ska

mej;s wd.ï wkqlrKhg l,djQ;a" Ißwdj ld,hg wod<j o my< úh'

² iïmQ¾K jQ oSkh ,ndoSug iqÿiq ia:dkh f,i wrdì rg mej;Su tod mej;s f,dalfha uOH

ia:dkfha msysgd ;sîu" frdau" m¾ishdkq wêrdcHhkaf.a n,mEug hg;a fkdù úfoaYSh

ixialD;Ska ksid flf,iSug Ndckh fkdjQ ixialD;shla wrdìh i;=ùu" wrdìjreka i;=

jQ ksoyia ye`.Su" pdï nj" ùr;ajh" fmdfrdkaÿ lvfkdlsÍu" wuq;a;kag ie,lSu" NdId

,eoshdj jeks ,laIK bia,dï ìysùug iqÿiq mßirhla we;s lf<ah'

² ckhdg oS¾> ld,hla ;siafia yqre mqreÿ l#ndj hk oS¾> ld,hla meje;s foajia:dkh

msysgd ;sîu" bia,dï m%ldY lsÍug woyia lrk woyi bosßm;a lsÍug ;rï oshqKq nila

j wrdì ni ;sîu" tu NdIdj flf¾ Tjqkaf.a ,eoshdj ksid th ixj¾Okh lsÍug

Wjukdjla" wrdîka i;=j ;sîu" wdosh fufia bia,dï wrdìfha ìysùug uq,a jQ idOl

jkafka h'

² bia,dufha wd.ñl" iudc yd foaYmd,k ixj¾Ok mshjr ;=klg fnod ie,lsh yelsh'

1' kì î,a& ;=udf.a ulald Ôú; ld,h ^jir 13 la&

2' kì î,a& ;=udf.a uoSkd Ôú; ld,h ^jir 10 la&

3' l=,*d W¾ rdIsoskajrekaf.a ld,h ^jir 30&

² kì ̂ i,a& ;=udf.a ulald Ôú; ld,h ̂ jir 13& wd.ñl oshqKqj" fuhg bia,dufha foaYkhg

wod< lreKq bosßm;a flßKs' kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud kì f,i m;a lrkq ,enQ úg" w,a,dyaf.a ¥;

fufyh ck;djg <`.d lsÍfï j.lSu Tjqka i;= úh' th kì î,a& ;=ud wdldr ;=klska

bosßm;a l<y'

i. kEhka ix.%yj,g wdrdOkd lr bia,duh y÷kajd oSu'

ii. i*d l÷.egh u; ke`. uyck;dj tys mduq, tla/ia lr bia,duh y÷kajd oSu'

iii. ;ks mqoa.,hka yuqù bia,duh y÷kajd oSu'

fuysoS bia,dufha mokï ;=klg jeo.;alula fok ,oS'

1' ;õySoa - w,a,dya yer fjk;a keuoSug iqÿiafila ke;' Is¾la uq`Mukskau

wksjd¾fhka u ke;s lsÍu'

2' ßid,;a - kì î,a& ;=ud w,a,dyaf.a ¥;hd f,i f.k yer oelaùu' t;=udg jyS

u.ska oekqj;a lrk nj f.k yer oelaùu' t;=ud wkq.ukh lrk f,i

b,a,Su'

3

3' uwdoa - lshdudj we;' tys oS fuf,dj l%shdjkag ;E.s yd o~qjï ysñfõ' o~qju

ksrfhaoS o" ;E.s iaj¾.fhaoS o ysñ fõ'

fuu uQ,sl isoaOdka; ;=k ms<s.;a mqoa.,hska /ialsÍu flfrys oeä wjOdkh fhduq l<y'

t;=ud wkq.ukh l< m%:u l%u fol w;yer ;=kajk l%uh jQ ;ks mqoa.,hska yuq ù o#jd

lsÍu flfrys jeä ld,hla .; l<y' ksoyia mqreIhska yd jy`Mka fndfyda fofkl=

t;=ud iu`. tlajQy' bia,dï ìysùug fmr yjkìh Ñka;kh flfrys úYajdi ;enQ wh

o kì ̂ i,a& ;=udf.a foiqï wdl¾YKh lf<ah' iudcfha ieoey;=ka f,i i,lkq ,enQjka

Wiia mjq,aj,g wh;a wh" bia,duhg iïnkaO ùu th n,j;a fohla úh' fndfyda fokd

l,ska wd.ïj, oekajQ mqfrdal:khka" isysk" wN+; y~" u.ska oekqj;a lsÍu" w,al=¾wdkfha

NdIduh wdYap¾hhka" kì ̂ i,a& ;=udf.a W;a;u .=Kdx." l=ffrIsjrekaf.a úreoaO m%pdrhka

wdoS lreKq ksid o bia,duh je<| .;ay'

² fu;=ud i*d l÷ .egfha mduq, mfil jQ odre,a w¾lï hk ksjfiys wOHd;añl mqyqKqj

,oy' t;=ud oS¾> rd;%S ld,Sk keuÿïj, fhÿky' ̂ iQrd uqiïñ,a& mdßißl n,mEï ksid

t;=ud <`. cdys,shahd ld,Sk ÿ¾.=K fkdue;s úh' i;a .=Khkaj,ska Tma ke`.=Kdy'

bia,duh fjkqfjka lem lsÍfï mqreoao jeä úh' jir ;=kla ryis.; m%pdrfhka miqj

m%isoaO m%pdrhkaf.ka fhÿky' fï ksid kì;=udo" kì î,a& ;=ud wkq.ukh l< who

l=ffrIsjreka f.a oeä úfrdaO;dj,g ,la jQy' m%:ufhka jy`Mka oeä ;dvk mSvkj,g

,la lrkq ,enQy' miqj ksoyia mqreIhska o yqnhsí ^r<s& líndí ^r<s& jeks wh o oeä

f,i myr fokq ,enQy' iuyre >d;kh lrkq ,enQy' fï ksid kì;=udf.a wK mßos

iuyre ynIdj,g ysÊr;a l<y'

² wfkla w;g kì î,a& ;=udf.a m%pdrhka je<elaùu i|yd lúhd" fmak lshkakd" udkisl

frda.shd hehs m%pdrh l<y' t;=ukag .,a .eiQy' t;=ud hk tk ud¾.j, .,auq,a

me;srjQy' frosj,ska f.< .eg.eiQy' iqcQoa lrk úg oS krla jQ nvje,a f.f,ys

nekaoy' l=Kq li, we`. u; fyÆy' iuyrúg myr ÿkay' >d;kh lsÍug;a fm<Uqky'

fï tla jEhulaj;a id¾:l fkdjQ úg wnq;d,sí fj; f.dia meñKs,s l<y' m%pdrl

lghq;= kj;ajk f,i b,a,d isáhy' fkdyels kï kì î,a& ;=ud ;udg ndr fok f,i

b,aÆy' kì;=ud iu`. we;s iïnkaOh k;r lr ouk f,i wjjdo l<y' fï ish,a,

wid¾:l jQ miq kì î,a& ;=ud fm!oa.,slj yuq jQy' Tyqg wjYH ´kEu fohla fok

nj;a" m%pdrh kj;ajk f,i;a b,aÆy' r;arka" foam<" ldka;djka hk b,a,k fohla oSug

iQodkï jQy' ;u úhoñka fjolï lrk nj;a mejiQy' kì î,a& ;=ud fï lsisjlg

tl`. jQfha ke;' tfyhska kì;=ud iu`. we;s iïnkaO;djh ke;s lsÍu i|yd iïndOl

mekùh'

² kì î,a& ;=ud iu`. o nkQ ydisï" nkQ uq;a;,s*a hk f.da;% kduh lsisfjla iïnkaO;d

meje;aúh hq;= ke;ehs m%isoaO fldg th l#ndfõ ,shd t,aÆy' jir ;=kl ld,hla

uq`M,af,a wjYH ;rï wdydr mdkdosh yd c,h fkdue;sj kì;=ud iy msßi ÿla úkaoy'

fuh bjid.; fkdyels ;reKhska msßila tu m%ldYkh brd oeuQy' kì î,a& ;=ud iy

msßi ;ud fldgq ù Wka Isya*q wnq ;d,sí hk ñáhdjf;ka msgjQfha bkamiqj h' fuu

isoaêfhka i;s lsysmhlska miqj wnq ;d,sí j*d;a jQy' ;j udi lsysmhlska loScd ^r<s&

;=ñh o j*d;a jQy'

4

² fï iu`. i;=re Wjÿre jeäjkakg úh' tfyhska ;j;a m%foaYhla ^;dhsí& fj;g kì

;=ud ysÊr;a l<y' tfy;a tys ms<s.ekSula fkdùh' wekqï nekqï iy .,auq,a myrj,a

,enqKs' tksid kì î,a& ;=ud kej; ulaldjg yeÍ wdy' uq;abí ìka w;S hk whf.a

wdrlaIdj hgf;a miq jQy'

² fï jljdkqfõ oS bia,dóh j¾Okhg fya;= jQ isoaëka folla isÿúh' uqyïuoa kì î,a&

;=ud iy msßi uoSkdfõ mosxÑ ùug wjia:djla Wodúh' wfkla isoaêh" lK.dgqfjka miq

kì î,a& ;=udg iekiSula f.k fok whqßka bia,duh B<`. j¾Ok mshjfrys" oekqu

,nk ud¾.hla jQ w,abiard j,a ñyardÊ hk isoaêhhs'

tfy;a fuu ld, mßÉfþofha oS fyd| fm!reIh we;s mqoa.,hska kì î,a& ;=ud jys

l<y' bia,dï hk f.dvke.s,af,a w;a;sjdru oeñh yels oshuka;s f,i Tjqka mqyqKq

lrkq ,enQy' lsisÿ mels,Sulska f;drj wjidkh f;la bia,duh fjkqfjka lemùug

yels ñksiqka f,i tu iydndjre yev .eiaiqkdy'

² mqwdia hqoaOfha oS mrdchg m;a jQ liarÊjre hqo mrdch mej;s ld,h ;=< Y=oaO jQ udifha

oS l=ffrIsjrekaf.a iydh ,nd.ekSu i|yd ulaldjg meñKshy' ta wjia:dfõ oS

n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjQ whqßka kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud yuqjQy' kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud tu ck;djg bia,duh

.ek myod ÿka úg" Tjqka bia,duh ms<s.;ay' l,os wjidk ¥;hd .ek hqfoõjka u.ska

oek isá Tjqka" hqfoõjkag m%:u ;uka bia,duh ms<s.ekSu jdisodhl nj jgyd .;ay'

fuh wdrxÑ jQ ;j;a 12 fofkla B<`. jkaokd ld,fha oS ulaldjg meñKshy' wlnd hk

ia:dkfha kì î,a& ;=ud yuqù" bia,duh ms<s.;ay' kì î,a& ;=udg fmdfrdkaÿjla o

ÿkay' fuh m%:u wlnd fmdfrdkaÿj kñ'

² fudjqka uoSkdjg wdmiq .shúg" bia,dóh o#jd bgq lsÍu i|yd uqiawí bíkq Wffu¾ ^r,s&

;=ud hjd ;nkq ,enQy' fuh w¨;a o#jd l%ufõohla úh' t;=ud uoSkdjg meñK tys

m%N+jre yuqjQy' bia,duh foaYkd l<y' iuyre th ms<s.;a w;r" ;j;a iuyre thg

úreoaO jQy' t;=udf.a fkdu| jEhu ksid uoSkdfõ bia,dï id¾:l j y÷kajd fokq

,enqKs' B<`. jkaokd iufha 73 fofkla ulaldjg meñKshy' kì î,a& ;=ud uoSkdjg

le|jdf.k hEu uoSkd jdiSkaf.a wruqK úh' Tjqka wlndfõ kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud rd;%S ld,fha

yuq jQy' fojk wlnd fmdfrdkaÿj ÿkay'

² kì î,a& ;=ud ;u osúysñfhka rlsk nj Tjqka fmdfrdkaÿ jQy' w,a,dyaf.a wjirh

,efnk f;la bjik f,i kì î,a& ;=ud mejiQy' Tjqkaf.ka 12 fofkla klSíjre

f;dard .kq ,enQy' fuhska miq l=ffrIsjrekag fkdoefkk fia l=vd lKavdhï f,i

uqia,sïjre uoSkdjg .shy'

² wnqnlal¾ ^r<s& ;=udj muKla kì î,a& ;=ud kj;d .;ay' fuh oek.;a l=ffrIsjre

t;=ud o uoSkdjg hEu je<elaùu i|yd kì î,a& ;=ud urd oeóug ;SrKh l<y'

² rd;%S ld,fha kì î,a& ;=udf.a ksji jg l<y' w,a,dya kì î,a& ;=udg f.hska msgjk

f,ig oekajQfha h' i;=rkag fkdoefkk fia ;u ksjiska msg;a j wnqnlal¾ ̂ r<s& ;=udf.a

ksjig .shy' tys isg rd;%sfhau msg;a ù ol=Kq osYdjg .ukafldg ysre Wodùug fmr

;õ¾ .=ydfõ kej;=Ky' osk ;=kla tys /|S isá ld,fha oS wnqnlal¾ ̂ r<s& ;=udf.a mjqf,a

wh úúO whqßka Woõ l<y'

5

wfkla w;g l=ffrIsjre mdrj,a osf.a fidhd weúoaody' f;!¾ wdikakhg meñKs úg"

wm fofokd muKhs isákafka hehs ìh jQy' ke;" w,a,dya o wm iu`. isà hehs kì ̂ i,a&

;=ud ffO¾hu;a l<y' w,a,dya ul=`Mfjl=f.a ud¾.fhka yd mfrúhka fofofkl=f.a

ud¾.fhka Tjqka fírd .;ay' miqj úl,am ud¾.hla Tiafia uoSkdjg .shy' uoSkdjg wd

kì ;=udjo wnqnlal¾ ^r<s& ;=udjo ck;dj b;d i;=áka ms<s.;ay' fuu .uk ysÊr;a

kï fõ' fuh yosisfha isÿjQ isoaêhla fkdj kì î,a& ;=ud ie<iqï lr .sh .ukls'

iudc ixj¾Okh

² bia,dï y÷kajd fokq ,enQ wjia:dfõ oS kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud iu`. loScd ̂ r<s& ;=ñh o" wnqnlal¾

^r<s& ;=ud o" w,s ^r<s&" fihsoa ^r<s& ;=ud o hk i;rfokdu bia,duh ms<s.;ay' bkamiq

wnqnlal¾ ^r<s& ;=udf.a jEhu ksid t;=udf.a ñ;=rka fndfyda fofkla bia,duh je<|

.;ay'

fufia bia,duh ms<s.;a mqoa.,hska 40 fofkla ùug wjqreÿ 5 la .;úh' yïid ^r<s&

;=ud o" Wu¾ ^r<s& ;=ud o bia,duh ms<s.;af;a fï ld,fhaoS h' tf;la ryiska l#ndjg

.sh uqia,sïjre m%isoaêfha hEfï wjia:dj Wodúh' l%u l%ufhka bia,duh ms<s.kakd

whf.a ixLHdj jeä jqj o" iudchla jYfhka i|yka l< yels wdldrfhka ck;djf.a

ixLHdj jeä jQfha ke;'

² fmdÿfõ iudch hkqfjka mjik úg ck;djf.a ixLHdj muKla ie,l=j o" iudchla

ìysùug lreKq 4 la wjYH h'

1' ck;dj

2' ck;dj talrdYS l< yels fmdÿ wx.h' th NdIdj fyda cd;sh fyda wd.u fyda m%;sm;a;sh

fyda úh yel'

3' tu ck;dj fufyhjk kdhl;ajh'

4' tu ck;dj ksoyfia Ôj;a úh yels m%foaYhla fyda N+ñhla

fuys m<uq wjYH;d ;=k ;rug fyda ;snqK o" y;rjk wx.h fkd;snqKs' tfyhska

ulaldfõ bia,dóh iudchla mej;s nj wmg lsj fkdyel' kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud jeä wjOdkhla

fhduq l<d úh yelsh'

² th bia,dufha uq,a ld,h jQ ksid bia,dóh foiqï yd w,al=¾wdkfha jpk ñksiqks hehs

l;d lrk iajNdjh iys; úh' Budkh ms<sn| lreKq b;sydih ;=<ska bosßm;a lrk ,oS'

l=ffrIsjrekaf.a ;dvk mSvkj,g Ndckh jQjka f,i Ôj;a jQy' kì î,a& ;=ud ,ndÿka

wdOHd;añl mqyqKqj ;ialsh;=ka k*aia u.ska Tjqkaf.a is;a ilia lrkq ,en ;snQ ksid iq`M

ck fldgila hehs Tjqka ìh jQfha ke;'

² fuhg ;j;a fya;=jla f,i uqia,sïjre yd ld*s¾jre wrdîka hk tlu cd;slhka ùu;a"

wdikak yd ÿr kEhka ùu;a" tlu f.da;%hg wh;a msßila ùu;a nj mejish yelsh' iuQy

jYfhka l%shd lsÍug ;rï ck.yKhla" wdrlaIdj" n,h fkdue;s ksid iuQy hdÉ{d

wksjd¾h lrkq fkd,enQ nj is;sh yelsh' fuu ld,fha oS iqkak;a f,i o *¾,a f,i o

uqia,sïjre keuÿfï fhÿKdy' iold ÿkay' iqkak;a jQ iõï bgq l<y' w,al=¾wdka jdlH

jkfmd;a l<y' WiqrEy' iqkakdj wkq.ukh l<y' tfy;a uoSkdjg hk f;la fïjd

*¾,a fkdùh' iuQy jYfhka bgq lsÍu wK lrkq ,enQfha o ke;'

6

kì î,a& ;=udf.a uoSkd Ôú;h

wd.ñl j¾Okh

ulald hq.fha oS kì î,a& ;=ud ;ksj b|sñka bia,duh m%pdrh l<y' tfy;a uoSkd ld,

jljdkqj wdrïNfha oS uoSkdfõ ck;djg bia,duh ms<sn| j y÷kajd oSula ,enqKs'

² uoSkdfõ Ôj;a jQ hqfoõjka u.ska uoSkd ck;dj wjidk ¥;hdKka ms<sn| f;dr;=re

,ndf.k isáhy' ksnqõj;a 10 oS kì î,a& ;=udg yuq jQ yhfofkl= u.ska o" kqnqõj;a 11

oS kì î,a& ;=ud yuq jQ 12 fofkla u.ska o úfYaIfhka kqnqõj;a 11 oS uoSkdjg meñKs

uqiawí bíkq Wffu¾ u.ska o" bia,dï ms<sn| oekqu uoSkdfõ ck;djg ,eî ;snqKs'

tfy;a ulaldfõ bia,duh m%pdrh lsÍu i|yd msßila ;=ka jirl ryiH m%pdrh u.ska

tla/ia lsÍu jekakla uoSkdfõ wjYH fkdùh' tfyhska uoSkdjg meñKs kì î,a& ;=ud

b;d wdor f.!rjfhka ms<s.kq ,enQy' iEu uoSkdjdisfhl=u kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud ;u ksjfia /

|S isáh hq;= hehs n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQy'

² ulaldfõ odre,a w¾lï ;snqKdla fuka uoSkdfõ ksjila ;sîu wjYH fkdùh' uoSkdjg

meñKSug fmru l=ndys kì î,a& ;=ud úiska uiaðohla f.dvk.k ,oS' cudw;a i,d;h

wksjd¾h lrkq ,eîu fuhg fya;= jQjd úh yelsh' l=ndys yd uoSkdj w;r .uka l<

wjia:dfõ oS" cqïwd i,d;h bgq flreKs'

uoSkdjg we;=`M jQ úg" bosl< uiaðoh uiaðÿka knú hehs y÷kajk ,oS' kì î,a& ;=ud

uoSkdjg meñKSug fmr tu k.rh h;aßí kï úh' kì î,a& ;=ud tys jdihg meñKs

miq uoSk;=ka kì hehs kï flreKs' fuh miqj uoSkd hehs flá jqKs'

² ulaldfõ uiaðohla bosfkdl< kì î,a& ;=ud uoSkdfõ uiaðoh boslf<a wehs@ fuhg

ms<s;=re folla osh yelsh' ulaldfõ l#n;=,a,dya msysgd ;snQ ksid tys ;j;a uiaðohl

wjYH;djhla we;s fkdùh' tfy;a uoSkdfõoS cudw;a f,i i,d;h bgq lsÍug fmdÿ

ia:dkhla wjYH ùuhs'

² kì î,a& ;=ud iuq i,d; bgq lsÍu i|yd jk ia:dkhla muKla fkdj" th tla iudc

uOHia:dkhla f,i l%shd;aul l<y' ulaldfõ oS bia,dï tal mqoa.,sl wd.ula úh'

uoSkdfõ th iudcfha ud¾.hla jQfhah" hk woyi fuhska we;s jkafka h'

uiaðÿka knúh u.ska iudcfha úúO wjYH;d bgq flreKs' ck;dj talrdYS lsÍu"

ck;djf.a wjYH;d .ek fidhd n,d bgq lf<ah' wOHdmkh ,nd ÿkafka h' idlÉPd

mj;ajk ,oS' uqo,auh yd kS;suh wjYH;d bgq flreKs' iudcfha wdrlaIl wjYH;djh

bgq lf<ah' fufia n,k úg bia,dï wdOHd;añl wd.ula muKla fkdj f,!lsl wd.ula

hkak o meyeos<s jkafka h'

kì î,a& ;=udf.a ld,h;a iu`. bia,dï wjika jkakla fkdfõ' th lshdudj olajd

mej;sh hq;=h' tfia meje;Sug kï" th ;ks mqoa., wd.ula f,i fkdj iudc wd.ula j

l%shd;aul úh hq;= h' tys moku f,i" cud w;a yd cqïwd i,d;" udihl oS uqia,sïjre

ish,a,kau iõuh bgq lsÍu tla j ild;a oSu jeks tajd *¾,ajQ o" wka;sug *¾,a jQyÊ o

fuhg tla l< yelsh'

7

ulald Ôú; ld,fha i|yka l<dg jvd mq`M,a jQ jHQyhlska úkh ms<sn| foaYkd uoSkd

Ôú; ld,fha oS meje;aúKs' iqr;=ka yqcqrd;a ys fuh y÷kd.; yelsh' bia,dï ;ks

mqoa., wd.ula j mej;s wjêfha oS úkh kS;s muKla iEfykakla úh' tfy;a th

iudcuh wd.ula jQ miq kS;s Í;s wjYH úh' tfyhska w,al=¾wdkfha uokS wdh; u.ska

kS;s Í;s ms<sn| myod oSï ,nd fok ,oS' y,d,a yrdï ms<sn| myod oSï ,nd ÿks'

² l,ska bia,dï wka;¾ cd;sl wd.ula hehs mejiqfjuq' tu wka;¾cd;sl iajNdjh ;yjqre

lsÍula f,i" uoSkd Ôú; ld,fha oS" úúO l%shdud¾. .kakd ,oS' m<uqj nhs;=,a ulaoih

foig n,d i,d;h bgq lrk ,oS' miqj l#ndj foig yeÍ i,d;h bgq lrk ,oS'

ulaldfõ fyda fõjd f,dj wka ´kEu ;ekl fyda fõjd isák mqoa.,hska ulaldfõ msysá

l#ndj foig yeÍ i,d;h bgq l< hq;=h'

² i,d;h i|yd le|jqu wrdì niska úh hq;=h' i,d;fha NdIdj wrdì NdIdj úh hq;=h'

i,d;h bgq lrk wdldrh o" l=uk ia:dkhl fyda l=uk ld,hl fyda Ôj;a jkakka jqj o

tlu wdldrfhka úh hq;=h' i,d;h i|yd boslrk uiaðoj, uQ,sl yevh o iudk úh

hq;=h' fujeks wka;¾cd;sl ;;a;ajhla uoSkd ld,jljdkqfõoS u y÷kajd fok ,oS'

tfyhska yÊ j.lSu o tlu ia:dkfha tlu oskj, tlu jHQyh wkqj bgqùu i|yd l%u

yÊc;=,a úod u.ska iy;sl flreKs'

² fujeks l%sydud¾. w,al=¾wdkh u.ska wjia:dkql+, j f.k yer olajk ,oS' w,al=¾wdkh

fláfhka" ke;fyd;a m%;sm;a;shla f,i fyda ixfla;d;aul j bosßm;a l< tajd kì ̂ i,a&

;=ud úia;rd;aul j újD; j l%shdldrlï u.ska iqkakd u.ska myod ÿkay' kj .eg¨

we;sjk úg yd merKs idïm%odhhka bj;a lrk úg wjYH myodoSï w,al=¾wdkh iy

iqkakdya u.ska fuu ld, jljdkqfõ oS jeä jYfhka ,nd ÿkafka h'

bia,dï y÷kajd fokq ,enQ uq,a ld,fha oS kì î,a& ;=ud Rcqj o#jd ld¾hfhys fhÿky'

iuyr wjia:dj, iyndjre o tu ld¾hfha fhÿky' fïjd fndfydaúg jdÑl j isÿúh'

lkska wik ,oS' tfy;a uoSkd ld, jljdkqfõ oS kì î,a& ;=ud m%pdrl lghq;=j,

fhÿfKa" ixfoaY u.sks' ;ks mqoa.,hska f.da;%sl kdhlhka yuqùu wvq úh' hqjrdcjre yd

wêrdcHjre bia,duh fj;g wdrdOkd lsÍu uoSkd hq.fha oS wdrïN úh' frdau yd

m¾ishdkq wêrdchdKka jrekag o" kÊcdis uqf,lia jeks rcjrekag o wdrdOkd flreKs'

ta i|yd ixfoaY fyda ¥;jre fhdod .kakd ,oS'

iudc j¾Okh

² by;ska i|yka l<dla fuka iudch f.dvke.Su i|yd wjYH ìula kì î,a& ;=udg

,enqfKa ysÊr;fhka miqjh' tfyhska ysÊr;fhka miqj uoSkdfõ uqia,sïjre ms<sn|

ix.Kkhla meje;ajQy' ulaldfõ iq`M ckfldgila j Ôj;a jQ ckhd uoSkdfõ oS m%Odk

ck fldgi njg m;a jQy' ulaldfõ isáfha wrdì uqia,sïjre muKs' wrdì fkdjk wh

isáfha b;d iq`M ixLHdjla muKs' uoSkdfõ hqfoõjka isáhy' fudjqka cd;sfhka muKla

fkdj wd.ñkao fjkia jQ msßila jQy' ulaldfõ uqia,sïjrekaf.a i;=rka jQfha l=ffrIsjre

muKs' uoSkdfõ hq.fha oS l=ffrIsjrekaf.a úfrdaO;dj,g wu;rj" hqfoõjkaf.a úfrdaO;d

o we;súh' w¨;ska ìysjQ uqkd*slajrekaf.a ryis.; úfrdaO;d o úh' ulaldfõ fuka

uoSkdfõ jQfha o f.da;%sl iudc l%uhls' th wrdìjreka w;r muKla fkdj hqfoõjka

w;r o úh'

8

² tfy;a uoSkdfõ bia,dï ìys l< iudch f.da;%sl iudchla fkdj" m%;sm;a;sh mokï jQ

iudchla úh' fuh w,al=¾wdkh f.kyer olajhs' ^49(13& tfyhska iEu uqia,sïjre

ifydaorhska nj w,al=¾wdkh o iqkakdyaj o fmkajd fohs' kì î,a& ;=ud uqia,sï iudch

isref¾ wjhjj,g yd f.dvke.s,a,l .fvd,aj,g iudk lr oelajQy' fuu.ska iudcfha

idudðlhkaf.a tlai;alu" talSh;ajh" wfkHdkH iyfhda.h" Wmldrh" wdrlaIdj jeks

tajd wjOdrKh flf¾'

² fïjd ks¾udKh lrk ke;fyd;a ixj¾Okh lrk ld¾hhka uiaðÿka knú u.ska isÿ

flreKs' wodka y~ wid uiaðohg /iaùu u.ska uqia,sïjre ish,a,ka u tl y~g

wjk; ùfï mqreoao we;s lrhs' cudw;a i,d;h ckhd w;r olakg ,efnk Wia my;alï

bj;a lrkafka h' cudw;h i|yd budïjrfhl= f;dard .ekSu"iudchg kdhlhl= f;dard

.ekSfï l%uh fmkajd fohs' budïjrhdg wjk;j i,d;fha oS l%shd lsÍu kdhl;ajhg

wjk; j iudch l%shdlsÍfï mqreoao ,ndfokafka h'

² uiaðoh wdOHd;añl l%shdldrlï jk i,d;h" ;s,dj;=,a l=¾wdka" ^b#;sld*a& wdosh i|yd

jQ ia:dkhla muKla fkdj" f,!lsl l%shdldrlï i|yd jQ ia:dkhla f,i o" l%shd;aul

úh hq;= nj uiaðÿka knúfha l%shdldrlï f.kyer olajhs' th wOHdmk uOHia:dkhla

f,i idlÉPd uKavmhla f,i" uQ,H wdh;khla f,i" wêlrKhla f,i" frday,la

f,i" yuqod uQ,ia:dkhla f,i" wuq;a;ka ms<s.kakd ia:dkhla f,i" fmdÿ W;aij Yd,djla

f,i" l%shd;aul jQ wdldrfhka fuh meyeos<s jkafka h' fuu.ska bia,dï hkq wOHd;auh

muKla W.kajk wd.ula fkdj Ôú;fha iEu wx.hla u fmkajd fok Ôjk ud¾.hla

f,i ;yjqre jkafka h'

² kì î,a& ;=ud úiska ìys l< tu iydnd iudch wrdì iudch f,i cd;shla mokï jQ

iudchla fkdùh' th wka;¾cd;sl iudchla f,i nen¨Ks' tys c#*¾ hk wrdìjrfhla

o i,udka hk m¾isjrfhla o" wnqo¾ hk ls*dß o" ì,d,a hk ynis o" ;=*hs,a hk fhuka

cd;slhd o" úh' fï ish,a,ka u Wm;ska fjkia jqj o m%;sm;a;suh jYfhka iudk wh

fj;s' tfyhska tu iudcfha cd;sh" NdIdj" ia:dkh" mdg fjkialï ie,ls,a,g fkd.kakd

,oS'

² bia,dï y÷kajd fokq ,enQ jljdkqfõ" ulaldfõ mqoa.,hska 17 fofkl=;a uoSkdfõ mqoa.,hska

9 fofkl=;a muK ,sùug lshùug yels wh jQy' ulald hq.fha l=;a;dnq,a jys f,i

isáfha b;d iq`M ixLHdjla muKs' tfy;a uoSkd hq.fha oS idlaIr;dj jeäúh' noa¾ hqo

ysrlrejka úiska uoSkdfõ oreoeßhkg ,sùug" lshùug mqreÿ lsÍfï wdo¾Yh" fuhg

uq,a úh' noa¾ hqoaOhg iQodkï j meñK ihsoa bíkq idì;a ^r<s& nd, jhfia flfkl= jQ

ksid yuqodjg n|jd fkdf.k wdmiq hejQy' fuu ffioa ^r<s& ;=ud noa¾ hqO

isrlrefjl=f.ka ,sùug" lshùug bf.k .;af;ah' miqj ld;snq,a jys f,i Wiia jQ

t;=ud kì î,a& ;=udf.a b,a,Su mßos b;d flá l,lska iq¾hdks wrndks NdIdjka bf.k

úfoaYj,ska meñfKk ,sms kì;=udg lshjd fmkajkafkl= f,i yereKy' fufia ,sùug

lshùug yels wh iysnd hk w;a msgm;a b;sß lr .shy' fïjd yoSia yd b;sydih hk

lafIa;%j,g mQ¾jdo¾Y jQy'

9

foaYmd,k j¾Okh

² kì ̂ i,a& ;=udf.a ysÊr;fhka miqj bia,dufha foaYmd,kh ìys úh' óg l,ska iudchla

ìysù l%shd;aul ùug wx. y;rla wjYH nj mejiqfjuq' fïjdg wu;rj iudchla

;udj wdrlaId lr .ekSug rchla o wjYH nj kì î,a& ;=udf.a iSrdj u.ska fmkakqï

lrhs' w,al=¾wdkh u.ska bgq l< fkdyels tajd rchla u.ska msysgqúh yelsh hehs

Wiaudka ^r,s& ;=ud i|yka lrhs' tksid w,al=¾wdka i|yka lrk kS;s l%shd;aul lsÍug

yd wëlaIKh lsÍug rchla wjYH h'

² uoSkdjg ysÊr;a .sh kì î,a& ;=ud iudchla f.dvke.+ ta wjia:dfõ oS rchla o we;s

l<y' uoSkdjg kì î,a& ;=ud meñKs úg" ulaldfõ isg ysÊr;a meñKs uqydðßkajre

jQy' uoSkdfõ iajfoaYSka jQ T!iajre o liarÊjre o uqia,sïjre o uqia,sï fkdjk wh o

jQy'

² fuhska msßila kì î,a& ;=ud wdorfhka ms<s.;ay' ;j;a msßila ms<sl=f<ka miqjQy'

wfkla w;ska kì î,a& ;=ud o uqydðßkajre ms<s.;a ckhd úúO wruqKq we;s j Tjqka

ms<s.;ay'

² ;u ud¾f.damfoaYlhd jYfhka i,ld wkaidßjre kìî,a& ;=ud ms<s.;ay' hqfoõjka

;uka m,ia;Skfhka t<jd oeuQ l%sia;shdksjre m,s .ekSu i|yd kì î,a& ;=udf.a iydh

,nd.ekSu i|yd t;=ud ms<s.;ay' cqwdia hqoaOh wjika jQ miq uoSkdfõ kdhl;ajh

wíÿ,a,dya bíkq Wnhs hk mqoa.,hd n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka isáfhah' kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud uoSkdjg

meñKs ksid ;u ;k;=r ke;s jqKs hk lK.dgqfjka Tyq miqúh' ^fï ksid uqkd*sla f,i

yeisreKq nj mejfia& fï mßirh hgf;a uoSkdjg meñKs kì;=udg Ydka; mßirhla

wjYH úh' fï ksid fjkaj isá T!iajre yd liarÊjre iudodk l<y' ulaldfõ isg

meñKs uqydðßkajre yd uoSkdfõ Ôj;a jQ wkaidßjre ifydaor nkaOkfhka ne| ;enQy'

uoSkdfõ Ôj;a jQ hqfoõjka uqia,sïjre yd iïnkaO lr tlu cd;shla f,i m;a l<y'

fuys hqfoõjka iu`. we;s lr.;a .súiqu foaYmd,kuh jeo.;alula we;s tlls' thg

uoSkdfõ m%{ma;sh f,i y÷kajkafka fï ksid h' wdpd¾h yóÿ,a,dya fuh f,dj we;s jQ

m%:u ,sÅ; jHjia:djla f,i i|yka lrhs'

² wßiafgdag,af.a ld,fha mgka jHjia:djla .ek idlÉPd l< o" m%:u ,sÅ;" md,l iy

md,kh lrkq ,nkakd ms<s.;a" fomd¾Yjfhau j.lSï yd whs;sjdislï .ek fmkajd fok

.súiqula fuh úh' fuu .súiqu ms<sn| .eg¨ we;s úh' thg wjika ;Skaÿj ,ndfok

n,h kì î,a& ;=udg fok ,oS" fuh hqfoõ iudch uqia,sï wkqu; l< wjia:dj jkafka

h'

² fuu .súiqu flakaø.; l< kì î,a& ;=udf.a foaYmd,k l%shd wdrïNúh' fï wkqj

uoSkdj Y=oaO k.rhla f,i m%ldY flreKs' tys f,a ye,Su ;ykï flreKs' th uqia,sï

rcfha w.kqjr úh' thg myroSulg ljfrl= fyda meñKsfha kï" uqia,sïjre yd hqfoõjka

hk ish,a,kau tla j m%;sm%ydr oS th wdrlaId l< hq;= nj ms<s.eKqks'

² oS¾> ld,hla uq¨,af,a Y=oaO k.rhla jqj o tys rchla fkdùh' kì ̂ i,a& ;=udf.a yhjk

mrïmrdfõ wfhl= jQ l=ihs bíkq ls,dí" ulaldfõ kd.ßl md,k l%uhla ia:dms; lf<ah'

th fnfyúka u jkaokd ld,fha oS jkaokdlrejkaf.a iqnidOkh ie,iSu" l=rhsIajrekaf.a

10

kdhl;ajh /lSu jeks foa i|yd jqks' t;=ud úiska ia:dms; odreka koajd" kì î,a&

;=udf.a ld,fha oS Wmfoia ,nd fok uKavmhla jQfhah' tfy;a l=ihs úiska we;s l<

m%;sixúOdk md,k l%uhla i|yd jk iïmQ¾Kfhka ms<s.; fkdyels h' tksid wrdì

rfÜ f.!rjh kì î,a& ;=udg ysñ h'

² t;=ud m%:ufhka uoSkdfõ kd.ßl rchla ìys l<y' uiaðÿka knú rdcH ld¾hd,hla

úh' f,!lsl lghq;= ish,a, iyndjrekaf.a fhdackd iu`. ks¾udKh úh' idlÉPd lr

;SrKj,g t<efUk f,i w,a,dya o wK lf<ah' ^3(159&" ^42(38&' bia,dï jHdma; jQ úg

ke;fyd;a uoSkdfõ iSudjka úia;SrK jQ úg" m%dfoaYSh mßmd,khg kdlsíjre m;al<y'

,sms yd .súiqï ,sùug ld;síjre m;a l<y' Tjqkaf.ka iuyre iaÓr fiajlhka o" ;j;a

iuyre wkshï fiajlhka o jQy' idudkHfhka ld;síjre 46 fofkla f,aLk 246 ,shd

we;s nj ;lafiare u.ska mejfia'

² kì î,a& ;=udf.a fm!oa.,sl f,alï f,i ì,d,a ^r<s& ;=ud l%shd;aul l<y' reiQ,a hk

wh msgrgg ¥; fufyjfrys fhÿky' WodyrK f,i yqohsìhd .súiqug fmr ;ud

meñKsfha hqoaO lsÍug fkdj Wïrdjg meñKs nj l=ffrIsjrekag oekaùu i|yd reiq,ajre

;sfofkla .shy' rcjrekag yd wêrdcHjrekag ¥;fufyjr lf<a;a ,sms f.k .sfha;a

reiq,ajrekah'

² ysÊß 6 jk jirg miq jd,s hk wh m%dfoaYSh md,kh isÿ l<y' uqo,a" wêlrKh yd

mßmd,k l%shd NdrjQfha fudjqkag h' ulaldfõ wod ìka wdðí ^r<s& o ;dhsíys Wiaudka

ìka wnq,a wdia ^r<s& o jd,s jQy' fufia jd,sjre 32 fofkla jQ nj i|yka fõ' f.da;%sl

wrdì iudc md,kh lsÍug f.da;%sl kdhlhka jk klSí" rewdid" hk wh m;a lrkq

,enQy' f.da;% uOHu rch yd iïnkaO lrk ksfhdað;hka f,i l%shd lf<a fudjqka h'

uOHu rcfha nÿ wh lrkakka fkdmeñfKk wjia:dj, nÿ wh lf<a fudjqka h' tajd

uoSkdjg hjd ;enQy' wêlrK lafIa;%h mjrd ;snqfKa ldosjrekag h' Wu¾ ^r<s&" w,s

^r<s&" wíÿ,a,dya bíkq uiaW!oa ^r<s&" wnq uqid w,a wIawß ^r<s& " ihsoa bíkq" idì;a ^r,s&

jeks wh o ldosjre f,i l%shd l<y'

² fjf<| fmd< ;;a;ajhka md,kh lsÍu i|yd idysnq,a Iqla hk wh m;a lrkq ,enQy'

ulaldfõ iqoa bíkq ihSoa w,a wdia ^r<s& ;=ud o uoSkdfõ Wu¾ ^r<s& ;=ud o fuu fiajfha

fhÿKdy' uqia;hsí hk wh o fuu ld¾hhg iydh jQy' rdcH md,kh i|yd fjku

rdcH fiajl n,weKshla wjYH njo" ta i|yd iqÿiqlï we;s whf.ka Tjqka f;dard.;

hq;= nj;a meyeos<s h'

² kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud m%:ufhka uoSkdj iy tys jgmsgdj we;=<;a m%foaYfha u ;u kd.ßl rch

ìys l<y' miqj yg.;a noare" Wyaoa" w.,a igkaj, m%;sM, yqohsìhd .súiqu ì|S hdu

wdoS isoaëka ksid uoSkdjg ol=Kska ;snQ m%foaY uqia,sïjrekaf.a md,kh hg;g f.kdfõh'

w.,a hqoaOfha oS hqfoõjka iu`. we;s lr.;a .súiqu ì| oeuQ ksid uoSkdfõ Ôj;a jQ nkQ

k,S¾ nkq lhskqld hk f.da;%slhka fuka nkq l=rhs,djre o lhsn¾ m%foaYhg msájy,a

lrkq ,enQy' fï ksid lhsn¾ ñáhdjf;a uoSkd rchg úßoaO fmruqKla ìysúh' Tjqka

uoSkdjg myroSug iQodkï jk nj oek.;a kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud" Tjqka meñKSug fmr lhsnrh

wdl%uKh l<y' lhsnrh ch.kakd w;r wjg isá ndr wh uqia,sï rchg úYajdislj

úiSug leue;a; m< l<y' ta ksid uqia,sï rch uoSkd rch W;=re foiska jHdma; úh'

11

² ysÊß 7 jk jif¾ oS wka rdcHhkag hejQ ,sms uoSkd rcfha jHdma;shg u`. mEÿKs' tys

m%:u mshjr ysÊß 8 ys meje;s uq#;*a igk wdrïN úh' frdau rc;=udg mKsúv /f.k

.sh ¥;hd urd oeóug úreoaOj m<s.ekSfï wruqKska" uq#;d*a igk wdrïN úh' fuh

l=,*dW¾ rdIsÿkaf.a ld,h f;la meje;sKs' fï ksid jhU foiska uoSkd rch jHdma; úh'

² kì î,a& ;=ud uoSkdfõ rchla msysgqjd rdcH uÜgñka o#jd lghq;= isÿ fkdl<d kï"

t;=ukaf.a o#jd lghq;= f;areula rys; jkq we;' WodyrK f,i" hqfoõjka kì î,a&

;=ud iu`. we;slr .;a .súiqu ì| oeuQ wjia:dfõ oS uoSkdfjka Tjqka msgux lsÍug n,h

kì î,a& ;=udg fkd,efnkak bv ;snqKs' ;u ¥;hd urd oeóug úreoaOj yuqod

fufyhùug n,h fkd,efnkak bv ;snqKs' m¾ishdkq rcq kì ̂ i,a& ;=udf.a ,smsh ,enqKq

úg" Tyq uf.a jy<d ug fufyu ,sms tjkjd o lshd fldamfhka kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud w;awvx.=jg

.kakd f,i wK lrkq ,eîu;a" fuh Tyqf.a wdêm;H n,h fmkakqï flf¾' ;u rch

msysgqùu ;=<ska tu wdêm;H n,hg iudk n,hla kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud w;am;a lr .;ay' ;j;a

wkaoulska mjikafka kï" kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud ;u rdcH md,kh o#jd i|yd udOHhla lr.kakd

;u Wïu;hg mQ¾jdo¾Yh iemhQ nj mejish yelsh'

l=,*dW¾ rdIsÿkajrekaf.a ld, jljdkqj

² kì î,a& ;=udf.a j*d;fhka miqj bia,dï iydnd iudch fj; fhduq flßKs' wd.ñl

iudchSh yd foaYmd,k j¾Okh ;SrKh lf<a Tjqka h' tksid kì î,a& ;=udf.a ld,h

bia,duh y÷kajd fokq ,enQ uq,a ld,h nj;a" l=,*dW¾ rdIsÿkajrekaf.a ld,jljdkqj

ixj¾Ok wjêh f,i;a iuyre olaj;s'

² kì î,a& ;=udf.a ld,fha bia,dufha wd.ñl" iudc yd foaYmd,k isoaëka kì î,a&

;=udf.a Rcq wëlaIKh hgf;a isÿúh' tfy;a t;=ukaf.a j*d;fhka miqj kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud

mQ¾jdo¾Yhg f.k l%shd lsÍug iydndjre m;a jQy' ke;fyd;a j.lSu ndr .;ay' Tjqka

lsisúfgl;a ;u ys;=u;hg l%shd lf<a ke;' w,al=¾wdkfha yd iqkakdfõ idOl wkqj o

iqÿiaika iu`. idlÉPd lsÍfuka o tajd bgq l<y'

² kì î,a& ;=udf.a j*d;h iu`. uqia,sïjrekg kdhl;ajhla ke;s ;;a;ajhla we;s úh'

kdhl;ajhla fkdue;sj kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud N+ñodkh lsÍug mjd Tjqka bv oSug leue;s jQfha

ke;' IlSnd nkS Idbodys idlÉPd mj;ajk ,oS' ;¾l ú;¾l /ila we;s úh'

l,S*d f;afrkafka l=ffrIsjreka w;=frka njh hk yoSih u; wnQnlal¾ ^r<s& ;=ud

kdhl;ajh i|yd m;a lrk ,oS" t;=ud th uy;a nrla f,i;a" j.lSula f,i;a i,ld

l%shd l<y' ;ud w,a,dyaf.a ¥;hdKkaf.a ksfhdað;hd f,i b;d úkS;j y÷kajd .;ay'

l,S*d;=¾ riq¨,a,dya hk jpkh miqj l,S*d hehs úldYkh úh' t;eka mgka md,kh

ls,d*;a hehs kï úh'

² kì î,a& ;=ud ;u wjidk ld,fha oS Widud ^r<s& ;=udf.a kdhl;ajfhka hq;= yuqodjla

ilia l<y' th Idï foaYhg heùu i|yd iQodkï jQy' tfy;a kì î,a& ;=ud frda.S jQ

ksid yuqodj heùfï ld¾hh mudúh' t;=udf.a wNdjh ksid yuqodj heùu fkdl< hq;=

nj;a" tfia hjkafka kï Widud ^r<s& ;=udf.a kdhl;ajh hgf;a yuqodj fkdheúh hq;=

nj;a" u; me;=reKs' kì î,a& ;=ud m;al< fikam;s bj;a lsÍu fyda yuqodj fkdhjd

isàu l< fkdyels nj l,S*d ;=ud ;rfhau lshd isáhy'

12

² hudud hqoaOfhka yd*s,ajre fndfyda fofkla IySoa jQ ksid w,al=¾wdkh ke;s ù hkafka h

hk ìhla me;=reKs' tfyhska th ,shd f.dkqlr wdrlaId l< hq;=hehs Wu¾ ^r<s& ;=ud

woyila bosßm;a l<y' kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud fkdl< fohla ud lrkafka flfia oehs l,S*djrhd

b,a,Su m%;slafIam l<y' lreKq meyeos<s l< miq l,S*djrhd thg tl`. úh' fuh

w,a,dyaf.a ¥;hd f,i t;=ud l%shdlsÍu olajk WodyrK folla fõ'

² l,S*djrhd rdcH md,lhd fuka u wOHd;añl kdhlhd o jQfha h' tksid bia,dóh Ôjk

l%ufha we;sjk .eg¨ bj;a lsÍfï j.lSu o t;=udg úh' tjeks wjia:dj, t;=ud

w,al=¾wdkfhka idOl fijQy' iqkakdyafõ ms<s;=re ;sfí oehs iydndjre hjd idOl

fijQy'

Tjqka idOl bosßm;a l<d kï th mokï lrf.k ;Skaÿj ,nd ÿkay' tfia fkdue;s

wjia:dj, úIhg wod< úfYaI{jrekaf.a woyia ,ndf.k bÊ;sydoa u.ska ms<s;=re iemhQy'

² fuhg iqiqiaika f,i kì î,a& ;=ud iydndjre mqyqKq l<y' bíkq wíndia ^r<s& jeks

iuyre ;*aiS¾ys ksmqKfhda jQy' bíkq Wu¾ ^r<s& jeks iuyreka yoSia l,dfõ ksmqKfhda

jQy' bíkq uiaWoa ^r<s& jeks iuyreka yslaya ys ksmqKfhda jQy' iwoa bíkq wî jlaldia

^r<s& jeks wh hqO lghq;=j, ksmqKfhda jQy' Wu¾ ^r<s& jeks iuyreka foaYmd,k

lafIa;%fha ksmqK;djh ,en isáhy' tfyhska fujeks whf.a iydh we;s j" mj;sk

.eg¨ bÊ;sydoa u.ska úi|k ,oS'

² l=,*dW¾ rdIsÿkajrekaf.a ld,fha oS" bia,dï iS.%fhka me;sreKq w;r" ls,d*;fha iSud

mq`M,a úh' wrdîka fkdjk uqia,sïjrekaf.a ixLHdj jeä úh' fjk;a ixialD;Ska ksid

n,mEug ,la jQ úYd, ck;djla isáhy' wrdì niska jQ w,al=¾wdkh fyda iqkakdyaj

Rcqj jgyd .ekSug Tjqkag fkdyels úh' tfyhska bia,dóh ms<sfj;a iydndjre wkq.ukh

lsÍfuka bf.k .;ay' tu wjia:dj fkd,o whg bia,dóh úê l%u .ek jgyd oSfï

j.lSu l,S*djrekag mejreKs' l,S*d Wu¾ ̂ r<s& ;=ud úúO m%foaYj,g úúO iydndjre

hjd ujd,sjrekaf.a tosfkod Ôú; lghq;= bia,dóh njg m;a l<y'

Wu¾ ^r<s& ;=udf.a ld,fha igka /ila isÿúh' tajd i;=rka úiska mgka .;a tajd h' hqo

Yla;sfhka msßmqka i;=rkag uqia,sïjrekaf.a wdOHd;añl Yla;sh bosßfha isáh fkdyels

úh' frdau yd m¾ishdkq md,k ;ka;%fha mej;s ¥IK" jxpd yd widOdrKlï ksid ckhd

bia,duh fj;g fhduq jQy'

fï ksid msßila bia,duh ms<s.;a ujd,sjre jQy' wfkla msßila ls,d*;h ms<s.;a osïñjre

jQy' Wu¾ ̂ r<s& ;=ud osïñjre flfrys jeä wjOdkhla fhduq l<y' Tjqkaf.a whs;sjdislï

fkdwvqj ,nd ÿkay' tksid l,ah;a u Tjqka o uqia,sï ifydaorhska njg m;a jQy'

rdcHh mq`M,a jQ úg Wu¾ ̂ r<s& ;=ud md,k úuOH.; l<y' kì ̂ i,a& ;=udf.a mQ¾jdo¾Yh

u; m,d;a md,k l%uhla ìys l<y' mßmd,kh ^jd,s&" uqo,a ^wdñ,a&" wêlrKh ^ldos&

yuqodj ̂ wó¾& wdosh ;ks ;ks ks,OdÍkag mejreKs' tu ks,OdÍka wëlaIKh lsÍu i|yd

uqyïuoa ìka uia,ud ^r<s& ;=ud TïnqÜiaukajrhd f,i m;a l<y' rcfha ks,OdÍka úiska

wkq.ukh l< hq;= úkh kS;s moaO;shla ilia l<y' ;u mßmd,kh hyñka mj;ajdf.k

hEu i|yd WmfoaYl iNdjla we;s l<y' uqo,a md,k wdh;kh f,i nhs;=,aud,h ilia

l<y' rcfha lghq;= ksis mßos bgq lsÍu i|yd fomd¾;fïka;= ̂ osjdka& we;s l<y' kS;sh

13

ieug fmdÿ nj oelajQy' c, iïmdok myiqlï we;s l<y' ksIamdokh jeä oshqKq

l<y' uqo,a wÉpq .id Ndú;hg iemhQy' fuhska hym;a md,khla fuka u hym;a

iudchla o ìys úh'

² Wu¾ ̂ r<s& ;=udf.a hym;a idOdrK md,kh i;=rka ìh .ekajQfha h' m¾ishdkq wêrdcHfha

ì|jeàu .ek Tjqka flaka;sfhka miq jQy' wnq ¨#¨ wd hk m¾ishdkq jy<d Wu¾ ^r<s&

;=ud >d;kh lf<ah' bkslaì;s l,s*d moúhg m;a jQ Wiaudka ^r<s& ;=udf.a md,kh uq,a

ld,fha b;d uekeúka isÿjQj o miq ld,fha úúO .eg¨ iys; úh' wíÿ,a,dya bíkq ind

hk hqfoõ cd;slhd ysÊß 30 jk jif¾ oS" ls,d*;a m%foaYhg we;=`M ù" bia,dóh oekqu

wvq l+*dj" nirdj yd Bðma;=j hk m%foaYj, le/,s flda,dy, we;s lf<ah' úreoaO

woyia me;srjQfhah' Wiaudka ^r<s& ;=udg úreoaOj m%pdrh lf<ah' fuys m%;sM,h f,i

Wiaudka ^r<s& ;=ud ler<slrejka úiska >d;kh lrkq ,enQy' >d;kh lrkq ,enQ l,S*d

fjkqfjka m<s.; yels wjia:d ler<slrejka úiska j<lajk ,oS' fï ksid B<`.

l<S*djrhd jQ w,s ^r<s& ;=ud iy Wiaudka ^r<s& ;=udf.a f.da;%slhka jk Wuhshdjre w;r

u;fNao yg.;af;a h' fuhg uqwdúhd ^r<s& kdhl;ajh ÿkafkah' cu,a" Is*a*Ska" jeks

wNHka;r .egqï yg.ekqKs' l=uka;%K yd lmá l%shd ksid uqia,sï iudch fnoS .sfhah'

w,s ^r<s& ;=udf.a wdOdrlrejka" uqwdúhd ^r<s& ;=udf.a wdOdrlrejka yd ljdßÊjre hk

f;msßila ìys ù .egqky' wjidkfha ljdßðjrfhl= jQ wíÿ¾ ryaudka bíkq uq,aðï

úiska w,s ^r<s& ;=ud >d;kh lrkq ,enQy' fï iu`. l=,*dW¾ rdIsÿkajrekaf.a md,kh

wjika úh' uqwdúh ^r<s& ;=udf.a kdhl;ajfhka Wuhshd jxYfha md,kh wdrïN úh'

fuys m%;sM,h f,i foaYmd,k" iudc" ixialD;sl lghq;= ish,af,ysu fjkialï isÿúh'

bia,dóh Ôjkh msßfykakg úh' fjk;a ixialD;sl n,mEï iudcfha fuka u rdcH

md,kfha oS we;=`M úh'

fhdað; bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%shdldrlï

mshjr I ( bia,dufha ìysùu ms<sn| j isiqka okakd foa úuid nqoaê l,ïnkhla we;s lrkak'

mshjr II ( isiqka lKavdhï 3lg fnod my; ud;Dld ,nd oS f;dr;=re /ialsÍug fhduq lrkak'

^w& wd.ñl ixj¾Okh

^wd& iudc ixj¾Okh

^we& foaYmd,k ixj¾Okh

mshjr III ( ;u ;uka /ial< f;dr;=re lKavdhï w;r idlÉPd lr fnod .ekSug wjia:dj

fokak'

mshjr IV( tajdfha úia;r fláfhka ,shd.ekSug fhduq lrkak'

14

wdY%s; .%ka:

1' isrdcqoSka fihshoa wnqnlal¾ - ud¾áka ,sx.aia ^1989&" uqyïuoa î,a& ;=ud" o¾.d k.rh'

2' ihsnq¾ ryaudka uqndrla nQß ^1425 ysÊß&" w¾rySla" fpkakhs odre,a yqod'

3' wnQnlal¾ tï' tï' ̂ 1982&" bia,dóh jr,dre' ̂ 1 fldgi&" idhskao ureÿ bia,dóh m¾fhaIK

iNdj'

4' wóka tï' whs' tï' ^2002&" uqyïuoa riQ¨,a,dya" fyïud;.u w,ayikd;a uqøKd,h

5' wóka tï' whs' tï' ^2004&" wnQnlal¾ isoaoSla" fyïud;.u w,ayikd;a uqøKd,h'

6' wíÿ,a yhs wnq id,sï ̂ 1988&" wkak,a kìhska w,.sh jr,dre" fpkakhs' bia,dóh wdh;kh'

g%iaÜ (IFI)

7' is*dB uqia;*d ̂ 2010&" kì ̂ i,a& wj¾l,ska jd,aúh,a" fld<U 9" ó,amd¾jhs W!vy ffuhï'

8' ßhd,a tï' fÊ' tï' ^2001&" uoSkdffj fk!lals' Wlal=j,hs Wïu;a mí,sflaIka

9' kd,s¾ tï' tÉ' tï' ^1983&" bia,dóh kdyÍy;a;ska f;dag%uqï j,¾Ñhqï'" fld<U 10" w,a

iyd uqøKd,h'

10' wóka tï' whs' tï' ^1999&" w¾ìh¾ jd,aúh,a" fld<U" bia,dóh nqla yjqia'

11' uqyïuoa ta' uqla;d¾ ^1986&" bia,dóh kdyßyï" je,s.u w,a wiay¾ m%ldYlfhda'

15



ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'2 ( Y%S ,xldfõ bia,dï y÷kajd fokq ,enQ ft;sydisl miqìu jgydf.k

úpdrj;a f,i ,shd bosßm;a lrhs'


bf.kqï M, ( ² wrdì fjf<÷ka Y%S ,xldjg meñKsfha rg wdl%uKh lsÍfï wruqKska

fkdj" fjf<| iïnkaO;d j¾Okh lr .ekSfï wruqKska nj jgyd

.kS'

² Y%S ,xldj yd wrdîka w;r iïnkaO;djh ft;sydisl miqìula iys;

jQjla nj;a ksjeros j jgyd .kS'

² fuu iïnkaO;d yd nkaOQ;djhka ksid l=uk wdldrfha m%;sM,

we;sjQjd oehs oek mjihs'

² fln÷ ld, jljdkqjl Y%S ,xldfõ bia,dï y÷kajd fok ,oafoa o

hkak oek mjihs'

² Y%S ,xldfõ uqia,sïjrekaf.a uq,ald,Sk ckdjdi msysá ia:dk .ek

úia;rd;aul j oek .kshs'


Y%S ,xldfõ bia,dï y÷kajd fokq ,eîu

² Y%S ,xldjg bia,dï y÷kajd fokq ,enQ wdldrh ms<sn| f;dr;=re fyda Y%S ,xldfõ

uqia,sïjrekaf.a uq,a ld,Sk b;sydih ms<sn| f;dr;=re fyda uE; ld,h f;la wmg

,enqfKa ke;'

² uq,a ld,Sk wrdì foaY ixpdrlhka yd hd;%slhka úiska ;nd .sh igyka" wfkla iudchka

ys idys;H .%ka:' ft;sydisl .%ka:" hqfrdamSh md,lhka b;sß l< igyka" f;dr;=re wdosfhys

wdOdrfhka" Y%S ,xldfõ bia,dï y÷kajd fokq ,enQ wdldrh .ek lreKq lshefõ'

² Y%S ,xldfõ uqia,sïjrekaf.a b;sydih bkaoshka id.rfha mej;s wrdì ck;djf.a fjf<|

lghq;= iu`. lsÜgq iïnkaO;djhla iys; jQjls' bkaoSh id.rfha fjf<|du yd fjf<|

ud¾.h Y%S ,xldj bia,dï y÷kajd fokq ,enQ b;sydih iu`. lsÜgqfjka iïnkaO jk

lreKq h'

fï ksid Y%S ,xldfõ bia,dï y÷kajd fokq ,eîug mdol jQ wrdì fjf<÷ka yd Y%S ,xldj

w;r meje;s nkaOq;djfha fm!rdKsl;ajh ms<sn| lreKq oek.ekSu jà'

² m¾ishdkq fndlaflka wdrïN ù Ökfha lekagka jrdh olajd osfjk mq`M,a m%foaYhla fuu

wrdì fjf<|dug wvx.= úh' bkaoshka id.rfha flakaøSh jeo.;alula we;s ia:dkhl

16

msysgd we;s Y%S ,xldj" kef.kysrg yd ngysrg meje;s fjf<| ud¾.fha uOHia:dkhla

úh' bkaoshka id.rfha iq<x yuk rgdfjys" fuu fjf<|du /|S mej;sks' wka;¾ cd;sl

fjf<| ud¾.fha m%Odk ;ekla .ekSug;a" wka;¾ cd;sl uÜgñka m%isoaêhg m;aùug;a

fuh fya;= úh'

² Y%S ,xldfõ keõ wdrlaId iys;j kj;d ;eìh yels jrdhj,a msysàu" we;s ;rï l=`M

nvq ,nd .ekSug yels ùu" msßisÿ c,h ,nd .ekSug myiqlï ;sîu" wdoS fya;= ksid

fjf<|dfï m%Odk ;ekla ,nd .ekSug Y%S ,xldjg yels úh' bia,dï ìysùug;a fmr

isgu Y%S ,xldfõ wrdìjrekaf.a ckdjdi ìysùug fuh fya;= úh'

² l%s'mQ'437 - 367 ld,fha wkqrdOmqrh rcl< mKavqldNh rc wkqrdOmqrfha úfoaYSh fjf<÷ka

i|yd fjku ckmo msysgjQ nj o tys hjkhska i|yd fjku ckmohla fjkalr ;snQ nj

uydjxYfha oelafõ' uydjxYfha hjkhska f,i oelafjkafka wrdìjreka ms<sn| j nj

uydjxYh ms<sn| m¾fhaIK mj;ajd mßj¾;kh l< .hs.¾ mjihs'

² fuu f;dr;=rej,g wu;rj fjk;a f;dr;=re /ila o bia,duhg fmr u wrdì fjf<÷ka

Y%S ,xldfõ mqrjeishka f,i Ôj;a jQ nj Tmamq lsÍu i|yd idOl /ila we;' wkqrdOmqrfha

uqia,sïjrekaf.a ksfjia w,xldr whqßka ilid ;snqKq nj mdyshka mjihs' ú,shï .hs.¾f.a

woyi wkqj" úch yd Tyqf.a msßi Y%S ,xldjg meñKSug fmru fhuka rdcHfha wrdì

fjf<÷ka Y%S ,xldfõ mosxÑ jQy' wd¾hhka Y%S ,xldjg meñfKk úg;a" wrdìjreka fuys

isákakg bv we;s nj o lshefõ'

² wrdì fjf<÷ka u,nd¾ fjrf<a yd Y%S ,xldfõ jeä jYfhka Ôj;a jQ nj tys fjf<|

wdêm;H Tjqka i;=j mej;s nj;a i|yka lrk m%isoaO f,aLlhd jQ ms,sks l%sia;= j¾I l%uh

wdrïN ùug fmr u fuu wrdì ckmo mej;s njg i|yka fõ' fuh ysgmq mqrd úoHd{

wdpd¾h ndf,akaø fufia i|yka lrhs'

—miq.sh jir 2000 g fmr isgu wrdì ckhd Y%S ,xldfõ mqrjeishka f,i Ôj;a jQ ksid

jeoaoka yd wdosjdiSka ;rï u Tjqka o mqrdK wh f,i i,lkq ,n;a'˜

² wrdìjrekaf.a fuu ckmo iïm%odh bia,dï ìysùfuka miqj;a ta whqßka u mej;=ks'

tf;la wrdì fjf<÷ka hehs y÷kajkq ,enQ Tjqka bka miq —wrdì uqia,sï fjf<kaoka˜

jYfhka úfYaIK kdufhka y÷kajkq ,enQy'

fufia uqia,sïjre f,i mosxÑ jQ wrdì ckhdf.a bia,dóh iodpdrd;aul .=Khka o fjf<|

lghq;=j, Tjqka oela jQ wjxlNdjh o fjk;a hym;a ,laIK o bia,dï wd.u Y%S ,xldfõ

me;sÍug fya;= úh'

tajd my; whqßka oelaúh yelsh'

² w,alshdndlß hk .%ka:h idOl jYfhka bosßm;a lrñka isoaosf,ínhs uqia,sï fkaIka hk

mqj;amf;a fufia ,shhs'

l%s'j' 628 oS jydí bíkq wî yíid hk iydìjrhd kì î,a& ;=ud Y%S ,xldfõ rcq fj;

tjd ;enQy' kì ̂ i,a& ;=udf.a ,smsh ndrÿka iydíjrhdg rc;=ud iydíjrhdf.a ld¾hh

lsÍug wjir ÿka w;r uiaðohla boslsÍug o wjir ÿkafka h' leu;s whg tu wd.u

17

je<| .ekSug o fya wjir ÿkafka h' tu iydíjrhd fuys jdih l< wrdìjrekag yd

wka whg bia,duh foaYkd l< w;r" iuyreka ;u wd.ug yrjd .;a miq l%s'j' 632 oS

wrdìhg wdmiq .sfhah'

² wrdìfha w`M;a wd.ula ìys jQ nj oek.;a Y%S ,xldfõ uyrc fojk w.%fndaê uyrc;=ud

^l%s'j'623-633& ta ms<sn| j oek.ekSu i|yd ¥; msßila hjd ;eîh' fuu msßi wrdìhg

<`.d jQ wjia:dfõoS kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud j*d;a jQ nj;a" m<uq l,S*d wnqnlalr ̂ r<s& f.ka miqj

fojk l,s*d jk Wu¾ ^r<s& md,kh lrk nj;a oek .;af;ah' Wu¾ ^r<s& ;=ud yuq jQ

¥; msßi t;=udf.ka bia,dï ms<sn| oekf.k Y%S ,xldjg fmr<d meñfKk w;ru`.

ulardka ys ^j¾;udk lrdÉÑfha oS& ¥;fhla wNdjhg m;a jQ w;r wfkla ¥;jrhd Y%S

,xldjg meñK ;ud oek.;a f;dr;=re oekaùh' fuu f;dr;=re b;sydi{hd jQ bíkq

Iya¾hd¾ ;u —wcdnq,a yskaoa˜hk .%ka:fha oS i|yka lrhs'

² —mqÿy,a *q,a;dka˜ hk .%ka:fha l¾;D n,ÿß mjik my; isoaêh o Y%S ,xldfõ bia,dï

me;sÍug fya;= jQ ;j;a lreKls' ueKsla ¥mf;a rc;=ud tys Ôj;a jQ uqia,sï foudmshkaf.a

wkd: jQ orejka yd jekaoUqjka brdlfha tjlg wdKavqldrhd jQ yÊcdÊ fj;g hjd

;eîh' Tyq lrdÉÑh wi, we;s —f;am,a hk ia:dkh wi, uqyqÿ fld,a,lrejka úiska w;a

wvx.=jg .kq ,enQy' fuh oek .;a yÊcdÊ bkaÿ rfÜ rcq rdcd vdys¾ fj; ,sms hjd tu

ldka;djka jyd ksoyia lrk f,i b,a,d isáh o th m%;slafIam l< iskaÿ rgg úreoaOj

uqia,sï wdl%uKh isÿ úh' bkaoshdj uqia,sïjrekaf.a md,khg hg;a ùug fya;=j fuu

isoaêhhs'

² l%s'j' 8 jk Y; j¾Ifha oS yÊcdÊf.a ;dvK mSvKj,g ìh jQ iuyr —ydisïjre˜

;ñ,akdvqfõ u,laldfõ iy Y%S ,xldfõ mosxÑ jQy' fudjqka Y%S ,xldfõ Bidk os. yd

jhU os. m%foaYj, msysgd ;snQ ;%sl=Kdu,h" mq;a;,u" hdmkh" udkaf;dg" ukakdru"

l=;sruf,hs" fld<U" ndnßka ̂ fírej,& wdoS m%foaYj, Ôj;a jQ nj w,laikav¾ fckaiagka

hk f,aLlhd mjihs'

² Y%S ,xldfjka fidhd.kakd ,o fidfydka .,a o wrdì ldis o Y%S ,xldfõ bia,dï wd.fï

jHdma;sh fmkajk idOl jkafka h'

² Y%S ,xldfõ Ôj;a jQ uqia,sïjre ;ukag wd.ñl kS;sÍ;s .ek bf.k .ekSu i|yd WmfoaYl

jrfhl= hjd ;nk f,i n.aodoh md,kh l< wíndish l,S*d ydreka w,a rISoa fj;

b,a,d isá wjia:dfõ oS l,s*d ld,soa bíkq w,a nldhd hk wh ysÊß 300 j,oS Y%S ,xldjg

tjk ,oS'

² ;u j.lSu ksis mßos bgq l< t;=ud ysÊß 317 oS wNdjm%dma; ù fld<U oS N+ñodkh lrk

,oS' t;=ud u;la lsÍu f,i t;=ud N+ñodkh l< ia:dkfha ia:dms; lsÍu i|yd l,s*d

ydreka ;=ud n.aodofha isg fidfydka .,la (Tomb stone) tjd ;enqfõ h' th wo fld<U

fl!;=ld.drfha m%o¾Ykh flf¾'

² fld<U k.rfhka wE; mq,shka ;Sjq" ;%sl=Kdu,h" uvq,afndaj jeks ia:dkj,ska fidhdf.k

we;s fidfydka .,a o furfÜ bia,dï wd.fï me;sÍu fmkajk idOl jkafka h'

² uq;=rdcfj," ó.uqj" j;a;," .ïfmd," .,f.or jeks ia:dkj,ska yuq jQ wrdì ldis o" Y%S

,xldfõ bia,dï wd.fï me;sÍu fmkakqï lrk idOl jkafka h'

18

Y%S ,xldfõ bia,dï wd.u j¾Okh ùu

² Y%S ,xldfõ bia,dï y÷kajd fokq ,eîug yd me;sÍug fya;= jQ wrdì fjf<÷ka o furg

bia,duh me;sÍug fya;= jQy' kef.kysr yd ngysr w;r meje;s fjf<|dfï m%Odk

ia:dkh .;a jrdh wdY%s; k.r tl, m%Odk fjf<| uOHia:dk úh' iq<x myr wdOdr

lrf.k uqyqÿ .uka .sh wrdì fjf<÷ka" ol=Kq bkaoshdfõ fjr<nv jrdh wdY%s; k.r

fyda Y%S ,xldfõ jrdhj, ,e.=ï f.k .shy'

² Y%S ,xldfõ jrdh wdY%s; k.rj, ,e.=ï f.k hEug fya;= jQ lreKq fufia h (

) ;u fjf<|dug wjYH fjf<| NdKav fuys nyq,j ,nd .ekSug yels ùu'

) msßisÿ c,h yd lEu ,eîu'

) fuu jrdhj,a iajNdjfhka u wdrlaId iys; tajd ùu'

) keõ w¨;ajeähdjg wjYH myiqlï ;sîu'

) fufia fjr<nv k.rj, kej;S hEu o miqld,Sk j tu m%foaYj, wrdì ckdjdi

ìysùug fya;= úh' l%sia;=jg fmr isgu Y%S ,xldfõ fjr<nv k.rj, yd wkqrdOmqrh

jeks wNHka;r k.rj, wrdì fjf<÷ka jdih l< nj b;sydi{hska mji;s'

² f,dj bia,duh me;sÍ .sh yhjk Y; j¾Ifha yd bka miqj fuu wrdì fjf<|du os.gu

mej;=Ks' bia,dï ìysjk f;la wrdì fjf<÷ka hehs y÷kajkq ,enQ Tjqka bia,dï ìysùfuka

miq wrdì uqia,sï fjf<÷ka hehs y÷kajkq ,enQ w;r" fjf<| lghq;=j, fhÿKdy'

² fj<|dï lsÍfï wruqKska fjr<nv k.rj, /÷Kq Tjqkaf.a bia,dóh ms<sfj;a iajfoaYSh

ckhdf.a ms<s.ekSug ,la úh'

² uqia,sïjrekaf.a ckdjdi m%:ufhka ia:dms; jQ ia:dkh l=ula oehs ksjeros j ;SrKh

lsÍug fkdyels j we;;a" Wuhshdjrekaf.a ;dvk mSvkj,g ìfhka ydIsïjre Y%S ,xldjg

meñK mosxÑ ùu;a iu`. Y%S ,xldfõ uqia,sï ckdjdi ìys jQ nj w,laikav¾ fcdkaiagka

fmkajd fohs'

w,alshd ndlß hk .%ka:h uq,a lrf.k isoaosf,ínhs uy;d uqia,sï fkaIka ys i|yka

lrk jdysí bíÿ wî yíid yd iïnkaO isoaêh o" ft;sydisl f,aLl bíkq Iyarhdß ;u

wcdbnq,a yskaoa hk .%ka:fha i|yka lrk lreKq;a" Y%S ,xldfõ uq,a ld,Sk uqia,sïjreka

mosxÑ ùug wod< f;dr;=re ,ndfok w;r" bia,dóh j¾Okhg jHdma;shg;a fya;= fõ

hk i;Hh o f.k yer olajkakla ù we;'

² l%s'j' 9 jk Y;j¾Ifha oS jdKscuh jYfhka iqm%isoaOj mej;s m%Odk jrdhj,a ;=k w;=ßka

udkaohs jrdh o tlls' fuys meje;a jQ mqrdúoHd m¾fhaIKj, oS tys ie,lsh hq;=

ixLHdjla wrdì fjf<÷ka isá nj oek.; yels h'

² fuu ld, jljdkqfõ oS fld,a,ï jrdfha isg Ökh olajd mej;s fjf<| ud¾.h Ndú;

lsÍu i|yd Y%S ,xldfõ ol=Kq os. m%foaYfha fjr<nvj wrdì fjf<kaoka ;u ckdjdi

msysgqjd .kakd ,oS' fld<U" fírej," l`M;r" .d,a," je,s.u" ud;r" ;%sl=Kdu,h"

ukakdru iy mq;a;,u jeks k.r tajdhska iuyrls' fufia fjf<| wruqKska msysgjQ fuu

ckdjdi u.ska bia,dufha oshqKqjg buy;a odhl;ajhla ,nd fok ,oS'

19

² Y%S ,xldfõ bia,dï oshqKqùug odhl jQ ;j;a wx.hla f,i ol=Kq bkaoSh uqia,sïjreka

iu`. ,dxlSh uqia,sïjre we;s lr .;a iïnkaO;dj oelaúh yelsh' wrdì fjf<÷ka fuka

bkaoshdkq fjf<ka÷ka o Y%S ,xldfõ fjr<nv k.rj, mosxÑ ù ;u ckdjdi msysgqjd

.;ay' fï ms<sn| j ckdí isoaos f,ínhs fufia mjihs'

—' ' ' ol=Kq bkaoshdfõ ;sfnk kd.+¾" ldrhsld,a" f;dKaä" ldh,a mÜgkï jeks m%foaYj,ska

uqia,sïjreka fjf<|dï lsÍfï wruqKska Y%S ,xldjg meñK mosxÑ jQy'

² Y%S ,xldfõ ol=Kq os. fjr<nv k.rj, bia,dïys jHdma;sh my; lreKq u.ska f.k yer

oelafõ'

l%s'j' 12 oS uqia,sï fjf<÷ka úYd, ixLHdjla je,s.fuys Okj;=ka f,i Ôj;a jQy' je,s.fuys

Ôj;a jQ wd¾Ól ;;a;ajfhka oshqKq uqia,sïjre mD;=.SiSka úiska fld,a,lkq ,enQy'

14 jk Y;j¾Ifha .d,af,a uqia,sï iudchla Ôj;a úh' fuh bíkq n;+;df.a ixpdrl

igyfkys oelafõ' Tyq fírej,g .sh wjia:dfõ oS kdyq¾ bírdysï hk kdúl kdhlhd

;udg ix.%y mj;ajd f.!rj meje;a jQ nj i|yka lrhs'

l%s'j¾I 10 jk Y;j¾Ifha mgka fírej, m%foaYfha bia,dï j¾Okh ù mej;sKs' l%s'j'930

g wh;a fuys fidhd.;a fidfydka ., o l%s'j'1010 g wh;a fmßh ;ïì ußlald¾ g Y%S

,xld rcq úiska m%odkh l< ;U ikaki o idOl folls'

² Y%S ,xldfõ bia,dóh j¾Okhg wrdìfhka meñKs wd.ñl m%pdrlhkaf.a odhl;ajh ie<lsh

hq;a;ls'

Y%S ,dxlSh uqia,sïjre w;r wd.ñl Nla;sh wvq j mej;s jljdkqj, oS Tjqkag wd.u

ms<sn| foaYK mj;ajd" hyu`.g yerùu i|yd n.aodofha l,S*djrhd úiska ld,soa bíkq

nldhd hk foaYljrfhla tjd ;nk ,oS' t;=udf.a fidfydfka fidfydka ., fld<U oS

fidhd.kq ,eîfuka t;=ud fld<U mosxÑ ù isáñka ;u foaYK lghq;=j, fhÿKq nj o

fld<U uqia,sï ckdjdij, uOHia:dkhla jQfha h hkak o meyeos<s jkafka h'

² fuu hq.fha oS bia,dï ia:djr ùug wjYH ishü wOHdmksl myiqlï ,nd fok ,oS' i¾

wf,laikav¾ fcdkaikaf.a my; i|yka woyia fuu m%ldYh ;yjqre lrhs'

m¾ishdkq fndlal" nirdj wdosh yryd n.aodoh iu`. o" wfkl=;a ls,d*;a rgj,a iu`.

o" wrdì uqyqo yd Bðma;=j yryd uOHOrKS uqyqÿ m%foaYfha uqia,sï rdcHh iu`. o"

iamd[a[fha uqia,sï rc iu`. o" mj;ajdf.k .sh iïnkaO;d u.ska Tjqka" fuu rgj,ska

mej;s bia,dóh kS;s Í;s ms<sn| j úúO wrdì uQ,.%ka: Y%S ,xldjg y÷kajd ÿkay'

² fuu idOl muKla fkdj my; lreKq o Y%S ,xldfõ bia,dóh ixj¾Okh úúO udkhla

,nd j¾Okh ù meje;s njg ;yjqre lrkakla ù we;''

) tu wjia:dfõ oS Y%S ,xldfõ mej;s ishü wd.ï fuka bia,dï wd.u o iu j i,lk

,oS' rcqf.a WmfoaYljre jYfhka weu;sjre y;rfofkla m;a lrkq ,en isá nj

fmkajd fok w,a bosßiaf.a m%ldYh fuu ld,jljdkqfõ oS Y%S ,xldj l=uk wdldrfha

j¾Okhla ,en ;snqfKa o hkak jgyd .ekSug Woõ jkafka h'

20

) uq,a ld,fha oS fjr<nv k.rj, muKla j¾Okh ù mej;s bia,duh miqj l%u l%ufhka

rfÜ wNHka;r m%foaYj, o j¾Okh ùug mgka .;af;a h'

) w,a bosßiaf.a m%ldYhg wkqj fuu ld,fha w.kqjr j mej;s hdmyqj" l=reKE.,"

oUfoksh jeks m%foaYj, ysÊß 4 jk Y;j¾Ifha oS bia,dï me;sr mej;s nj oek .;

yelsh'

) miqld,fha meñKs fudrlaflda rfÜ foaY ixpdrlfhl= jk bíkq nÿodf.a igyka wkqj

mq;a;,u yd l=reKE., .ek úfYaIfhka i|yka fõ'

l=reKE., k.rh ish w.kqjr lrf.k rcl< fojk nqjfklndyq rc wiajeoaÿu

hk .fï uqia,sï ldka;djl jQ ueof.äh l=udß ydñfka hk ldka;djla újdy lr

.;af;ah' fuu fofokdgu odj Wmka jia;= ydñ uqia,sful= f,i yeoS jeã wjidkfha

rclug m;aùu .ek fkdßis jQ iuyre úiska Tyq urd oukq ,enqfõh'

.f,a nKavdr T!,shd hk kñka Tyq >d;kh lrkq ,enQ ia:dkfha fidfydk wo;a

mj;sk w;r' fuu m%foaYfha md,kh mjd wo jkf;la uqia,sïjre i;=j mej;Su

jeo.;a h'

) l=reKE.,g ;ud .sh nj o fiala isrdis hk wh tys uiaðohl jdih lrñka iuk<

lkaog jkaokdfõ hk ne;su;=kag ud¾.h fmkajd foñka isá nj o bíkq nÿod ;u

igyfka olajhs' tu.ska fuu m%foaYfha bia,dï wd.u me;sr mej;s njg idOl

imhhs'

) bíkq nÿod ;u .uka igyfka —l=kd.¾˜ hehs i|yka lrkafka .ïfmd, k.rh .ek

nj m¾fhaIljre mji;s' fuu m%foaYfhka fuu jljdkqjg wh;a ldishla fidhd.kq

,eîu;a .ïfmd,g iómj we;s fyïud;.u m%foaYfhka fidfydka .,a o fidhdf.k

we;'

fuu idOl ish,a, l%s'j' 14 jk Y;j¾Yfha oS" fuu m%foaYj, bia,dï j¾Okh ù ;snQ

wdldrh fmkajhs'

) fjr<nv m%foaY w;=ßka jeo.;a ia:dkhla ysñjQfha fld<U k.rhg h' tu ld,fha oS

m%Odk jrdhla jQ fld<U jrdh m,ia;Shk uqia,sïjrfhl=f.a md,kh hgf;a mej;sfha

h' fuu ld,fha oS fírej," .d,a, jeks k.rj, uqia,sï ckdjdij, mej;s Okj;a

nj yd Yla;su;a nj .ek hd;%slhkaf.a igyka yd ldjHj,ska oek.; yels h'

² fufia ia:dms; l< ckdjdij, fjf<|du fyda uqyqÿ .uka iïnkaO mjrk kvq ynj,

uqia,sïjrfhl= iïnkaO jQfha kï" kvq úNd.fha oS ie,lsh hq;= ixLHdjl uqia,sï W.;=ka"

fjf<÷ka fyda kdúlhka iïnkaO lr .ekSug;a" wdishd;sl m%dka;j, uqia,sïjre w;r

mej;s kS;s Í;s l%u wkqj hqla;sh mis|,sh hq;= hehs isxy, rcjre úiska wK lr ;snqKs'

² bia,dï mD;=.SiSka meñKSug fmr u Y%S ,xldfõ uq,anei ;snqKq njg idOl mj;S' ;jo

bia,dóh ye`.Sï yd oekqula we;s iudchla f,i Y%S ,dxlSh uqia,sï iudch meje;=Kq njg

idOl we;'

21

² Y%S ,dxlSh uqia,sïjrekaf.a m%Odk Ôjfkdamdh jQfha fjf<|du h' tfy;a Tjqkaf.a Ôú;h

bia,dóh mokñka ilia jQfhah' bia,duh flfrys Tjqka ;=< mej;s oeä úYajdih yd

wêIaGdkYS,S;ajh .ek ,kafoais wd.ñl kdhlhl= jk Y=oaO jQ fÊïia fi,aid¾la hk

wh fufia olajd isà'

—fhdaklhka w;r wd.ñl ye`.Su ldjeoaoSu b;d wudre lreKls' l%sia;shdks wd.ug

iïnkaO lsisu fohla Tjqk;r fnoSu Tjqka flaka;s .kajk lreKla jk w;r" Tjqka

tajd m%;slafIam lr;s'˜

l%sia;= O¾uhg yrjkq ,enQ ckhd w;r tl uqia,sïjrfhl=f.a kula fyda ke; hehs

mjik f.daõ f.a woyia ie<ls,a,g .ekSu jeo.;a h'

² fufia fjr<nv k.rj, o rfÜ wNHka;r m%foaYj, o j¾Okh fjñka Yla;su;a jQ

bia,dï" mD;=.SiSkaf.a meñKSu;a iu`. msßfykakg mgka .;af;a h' Tjqka Y%S ,dxlSh

uqia,sïjre iïnkaOfhka wkq.ukh l< m%;sm;a;s wfkl=;a rgj, uqia,sïjre

iïnkaOfhka wkq.ukh l< m%;sm;a;sj, fldgila úh' iamd[a[hska uqia,sïjrekag

úreoaOj wkq.ukh l< ish¨ l%shd mD;=.SiSka úiska o ,dxlSh uqia,sïjrekg tfrysj

isÿ flreKs'

² mD;=.SiSkaf.a wruqK jQ fjf<|du yd l%sia;= O¾uh me;srùu hk lreKqj,g uqia,sïjre

úreoaO jQ ksid uqia,sïjrekg tfrysj Tjqka f.k .sh ysxidldÍ l%shd oeä ùug fya;=

úh' fuu ;;a;ajhka bia,dóh oshqKqj flfrys o n,mEï we;s lrkakg úh'

² fjr<nv k.rj,ska uqia,sïjreka mkakd oukq ,enQ w;r" uykqjr jeks rfÜ wNHka;r

m%foaYj, Tjqka mosxÑ jQy' uykqjr rcqf.a wdrlaIdj hgf;a Ôj;a jQ uqia,sïjrekg

rcjre úiska Wiia moú yd ;dkdka;r msßkeuQy' fuu ld,fha oS ,kafoaiSkag úreoaOj

igka l< uqia,sïjre ;u wd.u /lSu o ta i|yd wruqKq fldg .;ay' tksid uykqjr

rdcOdksfha bia,dï ndOdjlska f;drj j¾Okh úh'

² ,kafoaiska uq,ald,fha uqia,sïjrekg ysxid mSvd l< o wjidk ld,j, oS úúO iyk

uqia,sïjrekg ie,eiajQy' .d,a," je,s.u" ud;r jeks m%foaYj, ,kafoaiska úiska uqia,sï

.ïm;ska ' lrkq ,enQy' bkaÿkSishdkq uqia,sï kS;s Í;s y÷kajd ÿka Tjqyq uef,a cd;slhka

Y%S ,xldfõ mosxÑ lrjQy'

fudjqkaf.a fuu l%shd ksid mD;=.SiSkaf.a md,k iufha bia,duhg isÿjQ mßydksh ;rula

ÿrg fyda u`.yereKd hehs ie,lsh yelsh'

² ì%;dkHhka wd.u ms<sn| oerE ,snr,ajdoS m%;sm;a;sh ksid l,ska Y%S ,xldj hg;a lrf.k

isá md,lhkaf.a hq.fha w;aú|s ÿIalr;d u`.yerefKah'

tfy;a Tjqka wkq.ukh l< ie,iqï.; cd;Ska w;r fNaoh we;s lsÍfï l%shdjka ksid;a"

wd.u fjkia lsÍu mokï fldg.;a wksjd¾h bx.%Sis wOHdmk ie,iqu ksid;a fuu

hq.fha uqia,sïjrekaf.a wOHdmk j¾Okhg ndOd we;s úh' mej;s mßirh i,ld bx.%Sis

bf.k fkd.; hq;=h hk ;SrKh fuhg uQ,sl fya;=j úh'

22

fï ndOlh ksid bx.%Sis wOHdmkh m%;slafIam l< uqia,sï ck;dj" wOHdmkh uoarid

wOHdmkhg iSud lr .;ay' fufia uqia,sïjre bx.%Sis wOHdmkh m%;slafIam lsÍu ksid

uqia,sïjrekaf.a iudc" foaYmd,k ;,fha n,j;a miqneiaula we;s lf<ah' 19 jk

Y;j¾Ifha w. Nd.h f;la uqia,sïjreka foaYmd,kuh jYfhka odhl;ajh b;d wvq

ùug n,mE m%Odk fya;=j fuh jkafkah'

² fujeks Nhdkl miqneiafuka iudch .,jd .ekSu i|yd m%;sixialrKjdoSka l%shd l<y'

;u iudcfha m%.;sh /|S we;af;a wd.u mokï jQ wOHdmkfha nj jgyd .;a isoaos

f,ínhs" iudch ;=< mej;s fkdoekqj;alu bj;a lr wOHdmkh flf¾ fhduq lsÍu i|yd

uqia,sï fkaIka hk mqj;am; wdrïN lf<ah' fï ksid Y%S ,dxlSh uqia,sï ckhd ixialD;sl

Y=kHNdjfhka ñoS mq`M,a bia,dóh Wïu;fha wx.hla h hk ye`.Su ,oy'

² uqia,sïjrekaf.a wOHdmk bosß .uk i|yd 1884 oS isoaos f,ínhs" Trdì ndId" jdmsÉÑ

ußlald¾ hk wh úiska w,a uoari;=,a fflßhd hk mdi, ia:dms; l<y' fuu miqìu

flakaø fldgf.k l%shd l< ;j;a tla m%;sixialrKjdoshd " wiaijdí yd uqia,sï wdrlaIlhd

hk mqj;am; m< l< whs' t,a' tï' wíÿ,a wiSia ;=ud h'

² bia,duh mgyeks lreKq myod oSu;a" iuld,Sk uqia,sï f,dalfha isÿùï f.k yer olajñka

wm o uqia,sï f,dalfha fldgila h hk ye`.Su we;s lsÍu;a fuu mqj;a mf;a wruqK úh'

Y%S ,xldfõ uqia,sïjre ;u wkkH;djh ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd igkla f,i 1905 oS isÿ jQ

;=¾ls f;dmams isoaêh ie,fla'

² Y%S ,xldfõ bia,dóh j¾Okh flfrys iq*a úoaj;=ka yd ;ßlaldj, odhl;ajh i|yka

l< hq;a;ls' fm!oa.,slj o" ;ßld jYfhka o" ixúOdk ùu Tjqka úiska bgq l< ld¾h

Ndrh ksid rfÜ wyquq`Mj, mjd wOHd;aufha wdf,dalh me;sßKs' rfÜ wo olajd mj;sk

;ßld fuhg idOl jkafka h' uqia,sïjrekaf.a ixialD;sl wkkH;djh iq/lSfuys,d

fïjd u.ska w;s uy;a odhl;ajhla oela fõ'

19 jk Y;j¾Ifha f.da,Sh uÜgñka yg.;a bia,dóh /,a, wm rgg o n,mEfõh'

f,dalfha bia,dóh úoaj;=kaf.a is;=ú,sj, n,mEu ,xldjg o n,mEfõh'

fuu õoaj;=kaf.a ks¾udK oñ< niska mßj¾;kh lr fmd;am;a jYfhka o i`.rdj,

ks¾udK f,iska o m< úKs' fuh Y%S ,xldfõ o msßisÿ bia,dï oyula y÷kajd oSug iu;a

úh'

23


mshjr 1 ( Y%S ,xldfõ bia,dï y÷kajd fokq ,enQ miqìu rij;a j bosßm;a lrkak'

mshjr 2 ( isiqka lKavdhï ;=klg fjka lrkak' my; ud;Dld hgf;a f;dr;=re /ialsÍug

wjia:dj ,nd oS fhduq lrkak'

i. hqfrdamShhkaf.a meñKSug fmr Y%S ,xldfõ bia,dï

ii. hqfrdamShhkaf.a ld,fha Y%S ,xldfõ bia,dï

iii. ksoyfika miq Y%S ,xldfõ bia,dï

mshjr 3 ( tla tla lKavdhï /ial< f;dr;=re mka;sfha bosßm;a lsÍug u. i,iajkak'

mshjr 4 ( idlÉPdjla mj;ajd Tjqka /ial< f;dr;=re wka whg o ,nd .ekSug wjia:dj

i<iajkak'

wdY%s; .%ka:

1' wóka tï' whs' tï' ^2000& - uqia,sïjre ixj¾Okh l< úoHd;aul yd fi!kao¾huh

l,dj

2' bia,dï 11 fY%aKsh " cd;sl wOHdmk wdhkh" 2000

3' wóka tï' whs' tï' ̂ 2000&- Y%S ,dxlSh uqia,sïjrekaf.a b;sydih yd ixialD;sh " w,ayikd;a

m%ldYkh

4' wiSia ta' tï' ta' ^2007& Y%S ,xldfõ bia,dï" l=urka m%ldYKh

5' rySï wíÿ,a - bia,dóh úYajfldaIh" 2"3 jk fldgi" hqksj¾i,a m%ldYlfhda" fpkakhs"

600017

24



ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'3 ( Y%S ,dxlslhska f,i uqia,sïjre furg fjkqfjka isÿ l< odhl;ajhka

jgydf.k rgg fiajh lrhs'


bf.kqï M, ( ² isxy, rcjrekaf.a ld,fha oS yd miqj hqfrdamShhkaf.a ld,fha oS o

ksoyfika miqj o wm rfÜ uqia,sïjre fï rfÜ m%.;shg yd

ixj¾Okhg bgql< odhl;ajh oek w.h lrñka ;ud o ta whqßka

l%shd lsÍug Wkkaÿjla ,nhs'

² Y%S ,xldfõ uqia,sïjrekaf.a foaYmd,k yd wd¾Ól" ixialD;sl" cd;sl

uÜgfï odhl;ajh jgyd f.k" ;ud o tjeks odhl;ajh ,ndoSug

olaI;djh yd mßph ,nd .kS'


Y%S ,xldfõ uqia,sïjrekaf.a cd;sl uÜgfï odhl;ajh

² fjf<|dï lsÍfï wruqKska Y%S ,xldjg meñKs wrdìjrekaf.a wjOdkh fhduq jQfha ;u

wd¾Ól lreKq muKs' Tjqka furfÜ cd;sl ixj¾Okh flfrys lsisÿ ie,ls,a,la ke;s

nj fmdÿfõ woyia oelajQj o" tu miqìfuys wmf.a uq;=ka ñ;a;ka odhl;ajh ms<sn| j

oek .ekSu b;d jeo.;a h'

Y%S ,xldfõ uqia,sïjrekaf.a b;sydih .ek l;d lrk lsisfjl=;a fuu fldgi neyer

lrñka" Tjqkaf.a b;sydih .ek l;d l< fkdyels hehs mjik ;rug" fuu cd;sl

odhl;ajh jeo.;a fõ'

² fï rfÜ Ôj;ajQ uq,a ld,Sk uqia,sïjre ;u yelshdjkag wod< mßos" úúO lafIa;% ;=<ska

furfÜ bosß .ukg yd ixj¾Okhg odhl jQ nj fmdÿfõ Y%S ,xldfõ b;sydih oek.ekSug

jEhï lrk ´kEu flfkl=g tys b;sydih mqrdu y÷kd .kakjd we;'

² fï wkqj uqia,sïjre úfoaYSh fjf<|du iq/lSug;a" tu.ska rfÜ wNHka;r foaYSh

lDIsl¾udka;h jeks úúO lafIa;%j, j¾Okhg;a odhl jQy' isxy, rcjrekaf.a ld,fha;a

bkamiqj foaYSh foaYmd,k lafIa;%fha;a jeo.;a úúO ld¾hNdrhka bgq lr we;s nj

m%;slafIam lsÍug fyda jika lsÍug fyda fkdyels i;Hhka h'

² uq,a ld,fha uqia,sïjre Y%S ,xldfõ úfoaYSh fjf<|dfuys b;d jeo.;a odhl;ajhla oelajQy'

wkqrdOmqr hq.fha oS oshqKqj mej;s lDIs wd¾Ólh;a" thg iïnkaO c, iïmdok jHQyh;a"

uqia,sïjreka i;=j mej;s úfoaYSh fjf<|dñka ,enqKq wu;r wjia:d fhdodf.k oshqKq

l< tajdh' fuu woyi uydpd¾h .=Kj¾Ok uy;df.a my; i|yka m%ldYfhka ;yjqre

jkafka h'

25

—Y%S ,xldfõ úfoaY fjf<|du j¾Okh ù mej;s jljdkqfõ úYd, c, iïmdok jev

lghq;= fufyhjd we;' úfoaYSh fjf<|du fuu c, iïmdok lghq;=j,g wjYH wdodhu

,nd ÿka nj;a fuhska ;yjqre jkafka h'˜

² wkqrdOmqr md,k ld,fha wjidk ld,fha oS Y%S ,xldfõ lDIs wd¾Ólh ì|jegqKq wjia:dfõoS"

fjk;a wd¾Ól lghq;=j,g fhduqùfï wjYH;djh Wod úh' fuu ;;a;ajh hgf;a lDIs

lafIa;%fha we;s jQ miqneiau ksid we;s jQ wd¾Ól mdvqj" ol=Kq wdishdkq rgj,a yryd

uqia,sïjre isÿl< fjf<| lghq;= u.ska ,enqKq wdodhu u.ska msßuid .kakd ,oS'

² uqia,sïjre y÷kajd ÿka ;j,ï .ukd.uk l%uh Tjqka furgg l< ;j;a tla jeo.;a

odhl;ajhls'

wrdìfha oS Tgqjka" nQrejka" wYajhska fhdodf.k nvq /f.k .sh wrdì fjf<kaoka fï

rfÜ fjr<nv yd l÷lr m%foaY w;r nvq m%jdyKh i|yd .jhska fhdod .;ay' fuh

;j,ï kï fõ'

² l÷lr fmfoiaj, fjf<| NdKav jQ mqjla" we;a o< jeks tajd fjr<nv jrdhj,a jk

fldÜáhdru" l,amsáh" mq;a;,u jeks ia:dkj,g /f.k f.dia" Tjqka tys isg ¨kq"

lrj," frosms<s wdosh fjr<nv k.rj,ska l÷rgg f.k .shy'

² uykqjr uyrcq rdcisxy 1762 oS yuqùug .sh iqÿ cd;sl ¥;hd jQ fcdaka mhsnia .jhska

20-30 w;r ixLHdjlska hq;a .jhska u; fjf<| NdKav fmdos ne|f.k jrdhj,a fj;g

.uka l< uqia,sï fjf<÷ka msßila ÿgq nj olajk woyi fuys ie,ls,a,g .; hq;a;ls'

Y%S ,xldjg fmaI l¾udka;h y÷kajd fok ,oafoa o wm uq;=ka ñ;a;ka úisks' fírej,

^ndnßka& k.rfha úiQ jHdmdßlfhl= úiska 12 jk ishjfia w. Nd.fha ke;akï 13 jk

ishjfia uq,a Nd.fha oS fuu l¾udka;h y÷kajd fokq ,enQ nj i¾ we,laikav¾ fcdkaiagka

wdishdkq ix.uhg ,shQ ish ,smshl i|yka lrhs'

² l=re÷ fmd;= j.d lsÍu iïnkaOj fuka u tajd moï lsÍu iïnkaOfhka o wmf.a uq;=ka

ñ;a;ka ie,ls,a,la oelajQy' thg idOl f,i we,laikav¾ fcdkaiagkaf.a by; ,smsh

idOl imhhs' tys Tyq fufia lreKq olajhs'

Y%S ,xldfõ" ksß; os. fjr<nv m<d;aj, yd rg wNHka;rfha l=re÷ idudkHfhka j.d

flf¾' fjr<nv m%foaYj, l=re÷ j.d lsÍu o tajd moï lsÍu o lrkq ,nkafka tla;rd

cd;slhka ûqia,sïjre& h' Tjqkaf.a ixLHdj 24 000 g;a 25 000 g;a w;r fõ'

² furg ffjoH lafIa;%hg uqia,sïjrekaf.ka bgq jQ fiajdj w;s uy;a h' hqkdks ffjoH

l%uh uqia,sïjrekaf.a ffjoH l%uh f,i ie,fla' 9 jk 10 jk Y;j¾Ij, fjr<nv

jrdh wdY%s; k.rj, Ôj;a jQ wrdì ckhd u.ska fuu hqkdks ffjoH l%uh Y%S ,xldfõ

y÷kajd fokq ,nkakg we;ehs m¾fhaIlhska i,lhs' uq,oS fjr<nv m%foaYj, muKla

Ndú;dj mej;s fuu ffjoH l%uh l%u l%ufhka rfÜ wNHka;r fmfoiaj,g o jHdma;

úh'

² 10 jk Y; j¾Ifha oS fírej, mosxÑ j isá ;=¾lsfha md,lhdf.a mq;% cudöaoSka iy

Tyqf.a mq;%hd hqkdks ffjoH iïm%odh wkq.ukh l< njg ck jyrla mj;S'

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fï ms<sn| j we,laikav¾f.a my; m%ldYh jeo.;a h'

fuu mjqf,a m%Odkshd iajfoaYSh ffjoH fomd¾;fïka;=fõ m%Odkshd f,i ud úiska 1806 oS

m;a lrk ,oS' fuu ¥mf;a jdih l< iajfoaYSh ffjoHjreka w;=frka" b;du;a nqoaêuf;la

f,i Tyq i,lk w;r" iajfoaYSh ffjoH .%ka:j,ska b;d fyd| .%ka: Tyq i;=j mej;sKs'

thska fndfydauhla Tjqka mjqf,a wh úiska jir 700 la 800 la muK ld,hla ;siafia"

mßyrKh lrk tajd h' fuu ld, jljdkqj ;=< Tyqf.a mjqf,a tla wfhl= fyda ffjoH

jD;a;sfha fhoS we;' Y%S ,xldfõ iajfoaYSh uqia,sï ffjoHjre úiska b;d mqrdK ld,fha

isg Ndú; l< fuu rfÜ ish¨ T!IO me,Eá ms<sn| úia;rd;aul jd¾;djla Tyq ug

iemhqfõ h'

² N+ úoHd{ jQ w,a boaßis" hdl+;a w,a yuú" w,a liaùks jeks wh Y%S ,xldfõ wmkhk NdKav

w;r Y%S ,xldfõ ksIamdos; T!IO me<Eá o we;=<;a jQ nj mjihs' fikr;a rcqf.a mq;a

fojk rdcisxy rc;=ud .d,af,a hqkdks ffjoHjrhd f,i lghq;= l< iq,a;dka keue;s

whg bvï lene,s folla ;E.s jYfhka ,nd ÿkafka h' uykqjr jdih lsÍug o wjir

ÿkafka h' iq,a;dka uykqjr rc jdif,a fiajh lf<ah'

uqia,sï ffjoHjre isxy, rcjrekaf.a úYajdih ,nd.;a ksid" Tjqkg fnfy;a f.a uqykaosrï

^rcfha ffjoH wxYfha m%OdkS& hk ;dkdka;rh ,nd ÿkafka h' tmuKla fkdj" ÿïnr"

ud;f,a" hákqjr jeks m%foaYj, bvï ,nd oS" ffjoH ;s,l rdclreKd f.damd, uqo,s hk

lS¾;s kduh o ,nd oS f.!rj lf<ah'

lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxyf.a ld,fha oS Tyqf.a md,kh fmr<d oeóu yd >d;kh lsÍu i|yd

ie<iqï l< l=uka;%Kh ms<sn| j fujeks f.damd, uqo,s jrfhla u.ska úia;r oek.;a

rc;=ud tu f.damd, uqo,sg ;U ikakila ,nd ÿkafka h' ta w;r bvlvï o ,nd ÿkafka

h'

² uqia,sïjrekaf.a odhl;ajhka w;r cd;sl foaYmd,k lafIa;%h flfrys Tjqkaf.a fiajdjka

jeo.;a fldg ie,lsh hq;= tajd h'

iuyr wjia:dj, isxy, rcjrekaf.a ¥;hka f,i l%shdlr uy;a fiajdjla bgq l<y'

Bðma;=j iu`. fjf<| iïnkaO;djhla we;s lr .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ m<jk

nqjfklndyq uyrcq w,aydÊ wnq Wiaudka hk ¥;hd Bðma;=jg hjd ;eîh'

fcdaka mhsnia uykqjr rcq yuqùug Y%S ,xldjg meñKs wjia:dfõ oS uykqjr uyrcqf.a

¥;hd f,i ;%sl=Kdu,hg f.dia t;=ud uykqjrg le|jdf.k meñKsfha" Wÿudka f,õjhs

hk uqia,sï mqoa.,hd h' nqjfklndyq mD;=.SiSka iu`. tla j udhdÿkakg úreoaO jQ úg

l,a,sfldÜghs ys rcqf.a idfud¾f.a Woõj udhdÿkakg wjYH jQ úg" ta i|yd

l,a,kafldaÜghs fj; hjd ;enqfõ o uqia,sïjre h'

isxy, rc;=udf.a rcjdif,a uqia,sï wud;Hjre y;r fofkla fiajh l< nj N+f.da,

úoHd{ boaÍia mjihs' Tjqka i;r fokd wud;Hjreka jQjd muKla fkdj úfoaYSh cd;slhka

w;r we;sjk u;fNao iu:hlg m;a lrk wh f,i o úfoaY fjf<|dfï rcfhg

WmfoaYlhka f,i o l%shdl< nj mS' fÊ' fmf¾rd mjihs'

27

² uykqjr rcq fjkqfjka uqia,sïjre ,kafoaiSkaf.a iydh me;+ ksid mD;=.SiSka úiska 1642 oS

ud;r úiQ 200 - 300 olajd jQ msßñka iuQ, >d;kh l<y' orejka yd ldka;djka isr

wviaisfha ;enQy' mD;=.SiSka m<jd yeÍfï ld¾hhg iydh oelaùug ia;=;s lsÍu f,i

Y%S úl%u rdcisxy rcq wl=rKfhys bvï imhd oS uqia,sïjre tys mosxÑ lrùh'

1815 oS tx.,ka;fha mej;s ,snr,ajdoS m%;sm;a;sh Y%S ,xldjg o n,mEfõh' tys m%;sM,hla

f,i 1833 y÷kajd fok ,o jHjia:d odhl iNdjg iyNd.S ùug uqia,sïjrekg o

wjia:dj ,enqKs'

1865 oS uy k.r iNd iy m<d;a md,k iNdj, o iyNd.S ùug wjia:djla uqia,sïjrekg

ysñ úh' uykqjr uyk.r iNdfõ uqia,sïjre 8 fofkla uqia,sïjre ksfhdackh l<y'

1833 oS jHjia:dodhl iNdj msysgqjk ,o kuq;a 1889 f;la thg iyNd.S ùug

uqia,sïjrekg wjia:djla fkd,enqKs' mrx.Ska yd j;= md,lhska uqia,sïjrekg jvd wvq

ixLHdjlska hqla; jQj o Tjqkag ksfhdackh lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd oS ;snqKs' fï ksid

isoaos f,ínhs yd Tyqf.a ys;j;=ka foaYmd,k whs;sjdislï b,a,d y~ ke`.+y' fuys

m%;sM,hla f,i 1899 oS tï' iS' wíÿ¾ ryaudka jHjia:dodhl iNdjg f;dard m;a lr.kakd

,oS'

ksoyia wr.,j,oS o wfkl=;a cd;Ska yd tla j uqia,sïjre o y~ke`.+y' ksoyi oskd.ekSu

i|yd 1919 oS ia:dms; lrk ,o cd;sl fldx.%ifha Wm iNdm;sjrhl= f,i à'î' cdhd

f;dard.kakd ,oS' miqj uqia,sïjreka lsysm fofkl= tys ne÷ky'

² rdcH iNdfõ oS à' î' cdhd uy;d ish foaYkhl oS —cd;shla f,i b,a,Sï yd ,dN

m%fhdack ,nkjdg jvd ksoyi ,nd .ekSug jev lsÍu uqia,sïjrekag jeo.;a nj˜

mejiSh' fuh cdhdf.a cd;sl ye`.Sug fyd| WodyrKhls'

1939 oS mj;ajk ,o iuia; ,xld foaYmd,k uy iNdfõ oS" rdcH iNdfõ idudðl i¾

udlka udl¾" furfÜ uy cd;sh iq`M cd;shla njg m;aùu wkqu; l< fkdyels hehs

mejiSh'

fuu uy iNdfõoS u wdpd¾h noahqoaoSka uyauqoa uy;d ;u l;dfõ oS" Y%S ,xldjg ksoyi

b,a,Su i|yd isxy, rch iu`. ;ud o tlajk nj mejiSh'

wm i;=j ;snQ foaYmd,k oekqu yd kS;sh ia:dms; l< hq;= h hk ye`.Su;a" furgg

fvdñkshka ;;a;ajh b,a,k úg" isxy, ck;dj iu`. Wfrka Wr .eà igka lsÍug wm

fm<Uùh hehs i¾ rdisla *Íoa uy;d 1945 oS jHjia:d ixfYdaOk iïnkaOfhka rdcH

iNdfõ l;d meje;a jQ wjia:dfõ oS mejeiSh'

² uqia,sïjre isxy, rcqf.a hq.fha oS Tjqkaf.a yuqodjg ne|S fiajh l<y' mD;=.Sis yuqodjg

tfrysj rcqf.a yuqod iu`. tl;=j igka l< wdldrh b;sydi.; igykaj,ska oelafõ'

² fojk rdcisxy rcqf.a ld,fha oS —je,a,jdh˜ kï igfka oS uqia,sïjrekaf.a Tgq yuqodjg

m%Odk ;ekla ysñ úh' fuu ch.%yKhg m%Yxid lsÍula f,i y`.=rkafl; foajd,hg

m%odkh l< ;sr froafoys Tgqjkaf.a yuqodj we| ;sîu oelsh yelsh'

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Y%S ,xld uqia,sïjrekaf.a ixialD;sl odhl;ajh

² Y%S ,xldj nyq cd;sl yd nyq ixialD;sl rgls' tfyhska fuys Ôj;ajk ish¨ ck

fldgia i;=j ixialD;sl odhdohka mj;s' tfiau furg jdiS uqia,sïjre o wkH jQ

ixialD;sl mdrïmßl;ajhla iys; fj;s'

² Y%S ,xldfõ uqia,sïjrekaf.a ixialD;sl mdrïmßl;ajh wka ck fldgiaj, ixialD;sl

wxYj,ska fjkia jQjls' fuhg fya;=j uqia,sïjreka Ôjklghq;= iEu tllu bia,dï

m%Odk ;ekla .ekSu h' tkï uqia,sïjrekaf.a Ôjk lghq;= Tjqkaf.a wd.ñka fjka l<

fkdyelalls'

² wrdì fjf<|du mokï lrf.k ìys jQ Y%S ,xldfõ uq,a ckdjdi msysgd ;snqfKa fjr<nv

m%foaYj, h' fufia msysgd ;snQ ckdjdij, uiaðo o" ta yd iïnkaO jQ l=;a;dí hk

l=¾wdka mdi,a o úh'

² wo fufia uq,a ld,fha bosl< uiaðo lsisjla olakg ke;' wo we;s uiaðo ish,a,

mD;=.SiSkaf.ka miqj bosl< tajd h'

² Y%S ,xldfõ uqia,sïjrekaf.a f.dvke.s,s l,dj wdrïN jkafka uiaðoa boslsÍfï l,dfjks'

ñyardí ñkrd l=índ wdosh uiaðoa f.dvke.s,s l,dfõ m%Odk wx.hka h' fuys oS úúO

rgj, l=índj úúO wdldrfha yevh ,enQj o furg bosl< uiaðoaj, l=índj,g t;rï

jeo.;alï fkdfok ,oS' tfy;a uE; ld,fha bosl< l=índj, ueofmros. rgj, wdNdIh

olakg we;' ñkdrd o l=índ fuka jeo.;alula ,enqfõ uE; ld,fha oS h'

Y%S ,dxlSh uiaðoa f.dvke.s,s l,dfõ jeo.;a ia:dkhla ysñjk wka lreKq fol kï

ñïn¾ yd ñyardí h' idudkHfhka wm rfÜ uiaðo" msg; fldgi yd we;=<; fldgi

hehs fldgia follska iukaú;h' wNHka;r fldgfiys i,d;a bgq flfrk w;r" ndysr

fldgfiys /iaùï yd wka wx. ûõ,soa" ysianq" rd;snq wdosh& bgq flf¾' fuu wx.

j¾;udkfha ys`.jk njla olakg we;' uiaðoa f.dvke.s,s l,d iïm%odhfhka wrdì

wlaIr l,d fudaia;r iys; yõ,a jeo.;a ;ekla .;a; o Y%S ,xldfõ uiaðoaj, we;s yõ,a

ys fujeks fudaia;r fkdue;' iïuka fldgqj uiaðofha we;s yõ,a muKla uef,aishdfõ

iy bkaoSh l,d iïm%odhfha n,mEug ,la jQjla f,i olakg we;'

Y%S ,dxlSh uqia,sïjrekaf.a ixialD;sl iodpdr m¾ishdkq n,mEug jvd wrdìh n,mEu

wêlh' tfy;a iuld,Sk ;;a;ajh hgf;a fuu iqúfYaI ,laIKfhys miqneiaula we;sjk

nj fmfkkakg we;' wm rfÜ uqia,sïjrekaf.a nyq;rhla Id*s uoaynhg wh;a jQjka

fj;s' Tjqyq wyaïa iqkakd ms<smoskakka o fj;s' fjf<| wruqKska ol=Kq yd .sksfldK

rgj,g meñKs wrdìjre jeä jYfhka Id*s uoaynhg wh;a jQjka ùu fuhg fya;=j úh'

19 jk Y;j¾Ifha uq,a ld,j, oS uqia,sï f.dvke.s,s l,d iïm%odhfhys" uiaðoj,g

wu;rj idúhd" ;lalshd" o¾.d hk wx. o we;=<;a úh' fuu ld,jljdkqfõ we;s jQ

iQ*s ;ßldj, n,mEu fuu ìysùug fya;= jQ nj is;sh yelsh' idÿ,shd ;ßldfõ

uOHia:dkh idúhd f,i o ldosßhd ;ßldfõ uOHia:dkh ;lalhd f,i o ye|ska fõ'

Y%S ,dxlSh uqia,sïjrekaf.a ixialD;sl yd iodpdrd;aul mdrïmßl;ajfha" ;Íld úiska

m%n, n,mEï we;s flreKs' Idÿ,shahd" ldosßhahd" ß*d bhshd klainkaoshahd jeks ;Íldjka

wm rgg msúisfha h'

29

udms,a,hs f,ínhs wd,sï" lS,lalrha wíÿ,a ldo¾ ;hslald idysí jeks wh" ldosßhahd

;Íldj Y%S ,xldfõ ia:dms; l<y' *slaya" ;iõjq*a" wlSod iïnkaOj fudjqka ,shd m<l<

.%ka: Y%S ,dxlSh uqia,sïjrekaf.a wOHd;añl is;=ú,s flfrys ie,lsh hq;= n,mEula we;s

lf<ah' wka ;Íld y÷kajd fokq ,enQfõ o tfia h'

19 jk Y;j¾Ifha muK Y%S ,xldjg meñKs iQ*s úoaj;=ka furg uqia,sïjrekaf.a ixialD;sl

iïm%odh flfrys m%n, odhl;ajhla lr we;s nj lsisfjl= m%;slafIam l< fkdyels

i;Hhls' fuu ld,j, oS fhuka rdcHh iy Y%S ,xldj w;r lsÜgq ixialD;sl iïnkaO;d

meje;sKs' wíÿ,a,d bíkq md;sí w,a huks hk fhuka rdcHfha iQ*s W;a;uhdKkaf.a

fidfydk o fuys ;sîu wjOdkhg fhduq úh hq;a;ls'

mD;=.SiSkaf.a meñKSu;a iu`. furg uqia,sïjrekaf.a ixialD;sl mdrïmßl;ajhg ;on,

n,mEï we;s jqj o" tu ;¾ckj,ska furg uqia,sïjre fírd .ekSug iu;a jQfha ol=Kq

bkaoshdj iu`. mej;s fj<| yd ixialD;sl iïnkaO;djhhs'

mD;=.SiSka tf;la wrdìh iu. mej;s oS¾> ld,Sk iïnkaO;djh ì| oeuQúg" uqia,sïjrekg

l< yels jQfha ol=Kq bkaoshdj iu`. meje;s ;u iïnkaO;djh oeä lsÍuhs'

ol=Kq bkaoshdfõ yd Y%S ,xldfõ uqia,sïjrekaf.a uõni fou< ùu fuu iïnkaO;djh

;yjqre lrkakla ksid fuys m%;sM,hla f,i wrdì fou< ni ìys úh' l,ah;a u fuu

ni tu fomsßif.a u ixialD;sl NdIdjla njg mßk; úh'

ol=Kq bkaoSh uqia,sïjre wrdì - fouf<ka ,shd m<l< .%ka: ,dxlSh uqia,sïjre w;r

m%p,s; úh' Y%S ,xldfõ wd.ñl fufyh bgql< o" bkaoshdkq wd.ñl úoaj;dKka jQ

udmams,a,hs f,íffn wd,sï ;=ud uydks" *;ayqoa ohshdka jeks .%ka: Y%S ,dxlSh uqia,sïjre

w;r bia,dóh j.lSï ms<sn| lreKq oek.ekSug;a" tajd l%shd;aul lsÍug;a" iydh jqks'

t;=ud wrdì fouf<ka mßj¾;kh lr m<l< l=;and hk .%ka:h isl=rdod oskj, l=;and

foaYk i|yd fnfyúka Ndú; úh'

wrdì fou< nfia oshqKqjg odhl jQ úoaj;=ka w;r" fihsyq uqia;*d lidjka;hs wd,sï

wmamd lúhd jeks wh ie,lsh hq;= wh fj;s' t;=udf.a ks¾udK w;r liSod" u¾ishd" kï

moH yd .oH .%ka: iqúfYaI jQ tajd h'

Y%S ,dxlSh uqia,sïjrekaf.a ixialD;sl Ôú;fha ;Íld jeo.;a odhl;ajhla oela jQ ksid

Tjqkaf.a wOHd;añl Ôú;h fnfyúka ;lalshd yd idúhd flakaø fldg.;a tajd úh' rd;snq"

úreÿ" ^ksoiqka ( rd;snq,a yoaodoa" ysianq,a nya¾ wdosh ;Íldj, wOHd;añl j;a ms<sfj;a

iuyrla h' fïjd mokï lrf.k Y%S ,dxlSh uqia,sïjrekaf.a wd.ñl lghq;= ixialD;sl

.=K ,laIKh is;=ú,s rgd o f.dvke`.=Ks' fuu uQ,sl ,laIK Y%S ,dxlSh uqia,sïjrekaf.a

ys;a ;=< me,moshï lsÍu iïnkaOfhka iQ*s úoaj;=kaf.a .%ka: o odhl;ajhla bgq lf<ah'

budï .iaid,sf.a *s;dh;=,a ysod hk .%ka:h ;S,lalrhs fihshÿ uqyïuÿ wd,sï ;=ud úiska

wrdì fou<g mßj¾;kh flreKs' rd;snq,a yoaodoa kqya f,ínhs wd,sï úiska mßj¾;kh

flreKs' wo ;;a;ajh wkqj iu ld,Sk uqia,sïjrekaf.a ixialD;sl yd iodpdrd;aul

j¾Okh flf¾ kùk hq.fha bia,dóh ixúOdk yd iñ;s iud.ï ie,lsh hq;= wkaofï

odhl;ajhla imhhs'

30

fïjdg wu;rj" uqia,sï f,dalfha bia,dóh ixúOdk yd tajd m<lrk .%ka: i`.rd" ixhqla;

;eá wdosh ,dxlSh uqia,sïjre w;r ixialD;sl jHQyh flfrys n,mEï lrk wdldrh o

oelsh yelsh'


mshjr 1 ( uqia,sïjre Y%S ,xldjg bgql< odhl;ajhkaf.ka jeo.;a jk lsysmhla bosßm;a lr

myokak'

mshjr 2 ( isiqka lKavdhï follg fnod —ksoyig fmr uqia,sïjrekaf.a cd;sl iyNd.S;ajh"

ksoyiska miqj odhl;ajhg jvd wvq h˜ hk ud;Dldjg mlaIj yd úreoaOj újdohla

meje;aùug lreKq f.dkq lsÍug fhduq lrkak'

mshjr 3 ( YsIH ix.ufha oS Tjqka w;r újdohla mj;ajkak'

mshjr 4 ( wvqmdvqlï imqrd isiqkaf.a yelshdjka w.h lrkak'

wdY%s; .%ka:

1' Iqlaß tï' ta' tï' - Y%S ,xld uqia,sïjrekaf.a fm!rdKsl ft;sydisl u." ta' fÊ' m%ldYlfhda"

fld<U'

2' wóka" tï' whs' tï' ^2010& - Y%S ,dxlSh uqia,sïjrekaf.a m%;sixialrKj,g uq,a jQfjda

w,ayikd;a uqøKd,h" fyïud;.u'

3' wóka" tï' whs' tï' ^2000& - Y%S,dxlSh uqia,sïjrekaf.a b;sydih yd ixialD;sh" w,a

yikd;a uqøKd,h" fyïud;.u'

4' wiSia' ta' tï ta' ^2007&- Y%S ,xldfõ bia,dï" l=urka uqøKd,h" fld<U'

5' wíÿ¾ rySï - bia,dóh úYajfldaIh I" II " hqksj¾i,a m%ldYlfhda" fpkakhs'

6' wiSia whs' t,a' tï' ta' - Y%S ,dxlSh fhdaklhkaf.a b;sydih" fld<U fhdakl ixialD;sl

uOHia:dkh

7' lu,aoSka tia' tï' ^1990& - wdpd¾h nq¾ydkqoska cdhd" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh" uyr.u'

31

ksmqK;dj 8'0 ( fm!oa.,sl yd mjq,a Ôú;h iïnkaO bia,dóh kS;s Í;s yd b.ekaùï

Wf.k ish Ôú;h ilia lr .kshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'1 ( fm!oa.,sl yd mjq,a Ôú;fha bia,dóh m%fõYh fhdod .ksñka ;u

mjq,a Ôú;h hym;a f,i ilia lr .kshs'


bf.kqï M, ( ² fm!oa.,sl yd mjq,a Ôú;fha jeo.;alu bia,dóh oDIaáh wkqj

idOl iys; j bosßm;a lrhs'

² újdyh" oslalidoh" boaod ms<sn| kS;s Í;s IÍwd mokñka myod

,shhs'

² ieñhd - ìß|" foudmshka - orejka" j.lSï yd whs;sjdislï"

ms<sn| j l=¾wdka yd iqkakdfjka idOl olajd y÷kd .kshs'

² kEhska" wi,ajeishkaf.a j.lSï yd whs;sjdislï oek l%shd;aul fjhs'


² msßñfhla fyda ldka;djla ;ks mqoa.,hd hk w¾:l:khg we;=<;a h' ;ks mqoa.,hd

f.dvke.s,a,l we;s .fvd,lg iudk h'

² ;ks mqoa.,hska tla ù mjq, hk tallh;a" mjq,a tla ù iudch;a we;s jkafka h'

² fyd| mjq,a ieleiaula we;s lsÍu woyia lr.;a wd.ula jYfhka bia,dï ;ks mqoa.,hdg

jeä jeo.;alï ,nd fokafka h'

² Budka" bndod" wla,dla jeks uQ,sl wx.hkaf.ka bia,dï ;ks mqoa.,hska ìyslsÍu i|yd

mqyqKqj ,nd fokafka h' fuu mqyqKqj ,eîu mqoa.,hdf.a j.lSuhs' th *¾,a whska fõ'

² lshdudfõ oS ñksiqka w,a,dya úiska m%Yak lrkq ,nkafka ;ks mqoa.,hka f,i i,ld h'

² lsisÿ mqoa.,fhl=g ;j;a wfhl=f.a j.lSï oeßh fkdyels h'

² ljqreka wxY= ud;%hlska fyda hï l%shdjla lrhs o Tyq tys m%;sM, ,nhs' ljqreka wxY=

ud;%hl fyda wl=i,la lrhs o Tyqg tys wdksixih ysñ jkafka h' ^99(7-8&

² Tn ieu fokdu j.lSï orkakka h' Tnf.a j.lSï ms<sn| j Tn ieufokd u ̂ ;ks ;ksj&

m%Yak lrkq ,nkafka h' ^nqydß&

² ñksid ÿ¾j,;djhkaf.ka imsreKq wfhls' ta ksid ;ks mqoa.,fhl= f,i mj;sñka ;u

j.lSï ksis mßos bgqlr ch,eîu wiSre lreKla jk ksid" ;ks mqoa.,hl= f,i Ôj;a ùu

.ek wjOdrKh lr" iuQy Ôú;hla flfrys fmd<Ujhs'

² rxpqfjka ;ks jQ t`Mfjl= myiqfjka jDlfhl=g f.dÿre jkakdla fuka iuQyfhka fjka j

hk ñksid Ihs;dkaf.a .%yKhg wiqjkafka h'

w,a,dyaf.a Woõj mj;skafka tluq;=j Ôj;a jkakka iu`. h'

32

mjq,

² msßñfhl= ldka;djl yd kS;Hdkql+,j újdy ùfuka mjq,la ìysjkafka h' mrïmrdfjka

fyda uõlsß îu ksid fyda orejka yd fjk;a kEoEhska tla jQ úg mjq, úia;SrK fõ'

² újdyl nkaOq;djh" f,a kElu" lsß îfï kElu yer fjk;a wdldrhlska mjq, ìysùu

bia,dï wkqu; lrkafka ke;' ̂ yod .ekSu i|yd ndr .ekSu" jeros ,sx.sl iïnkaO;djh

ksid orejka ,eîu jeks&

² mjq,a ìysùu i|yd w,a,dya úiska wkqu; iajNdúl ms<sfj< mqreIhd yd ldka;dj hk

úreoaO ,sx.sl mqoa.,hska fofofkla kS;Hdkql+, iylrejka f,i" l%shd lsÍuhs' fuu

ms<sfj<g fjkia wdldrfhka l%shd lsÍu ñksia iudchg úk lsÍuls'

² kùk hq.fha mjq, hk moku ì| ouk is;=ú,s ìysùu ksid" úêu;a mjq,a jHQyh /l

.ekSfï wjYH;djh jeäfhka jgyd f.k we;' f,dal fi!LH ixúOdkh 1994 jk jir

wka;¾ cd;sl hym;a mjq,a jir jYfhka m%ldY l< w;r" iEu jirlu uehs 15 jk

oskh" wka;¾ cd;sl mjq,a oskh f,i m%ldYhg m;a lr we;'

² bia,dï iajNdúl wd.uls' th ñksia j¾.fha fndaùu iajdNdúl iSudjka fkd blaujd

l%shdlrk" wdh;khla jk mjq,a ixúOdkhg w;s úfYaI jeo.;alula ,nd oS we;' fï

ksid bia,dï mjq,a noaO (Family Oriented) wd.ula f,i y÷kajkq ,nhs'

² mjq,a jYfhka tlajk f,i bia,dï ;ks mqoa.,hska fmd<Ujhs' fuhg fya;=j mjq, ;=<

;ks mqoa.,hdg wdrlaIdjla ;sîu h'

² bia,dóh iudc jHQyfha mjq,la ìysùu i|yd mjq,a /ila Woõ fõ' ;ks mjq,lg we;sjk

n,mEu iudchg o n,mdhs' tfiau ;ks mjq,l ch.%yKh tu iudcfhys ch.%yKh o

úh yels h'

mjq,a Ôú;fha jeo.;alu

² ieñhd" ìß|" foudmshka" orejka" kEoEhska" wdoS úúO uÜgfï wh" Tjqfkdjqka w;r

.kqfokq lrñka" i;=áka Ôj;a ùu mjq,a Ôú;h jkafka h'

² .sys ^mjq,a& Ôú;hg úreoaO Ôú;h meúos Ôú;h fõ' bia,dufha meúos Ôú;hg bvla

ke;' th kì î,a& ;=udf.a l%uhg mgyeks l%uhls' iajNdjO¾uhg o mgyeks jQjls'

² ñksid úiska ujk ,o wiajdNdúl l%uhla f,i bia,dï meúos Ôú;h y÷kajd fohs'

² ^fuf,dfjka ish¨ i;=g w;yer ouk& meúos nj wm Tjqkag j.lSula lf<a ke;'

—w,a,dyaf.a i;=gq ysñlr .ekSu i|yd Tjqka ks¾udKh l< meúos Ôú;h wms Tjqkag

lsisúfgl;a wksjd¾h lf<a ke;'˜ ^57(27&

² Wiaudka ìka u,aW!ka ^rya& hk iydíjrhd kì î,a& ;=ud fj; meñK .sys Ôú;fha

fkdfhoS meúos Ôú;hla .; lsÍug wjir b,aÆ wjia:dfõ oS" kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud th m%;slafIam

l<y' kì î,a& ;=ud wjir oS ;snqfKa kï wms mqx yrKh lrkakg ;snqKd hehs i#ÿ ìka

wì jlaldia ^r<s& okajk kì jdlHh nqydß" uqia,sï wdoS .%ka:j, igyka ù we;'

33

w,a,dya is;g iekiSu;a" isrerg fi!LHh;a" ;u kS;Hdkql+, yjq,alre iu`. Ôj;a ùfuys

wvx.= lr we;' tfyhska ñksid ;ksj Ôj;ajk úg udkisl wiykhlg m;ajk w;r"

YdÍßlj o úúO n,mEïj,g ,lajkafka h'

² ^Tn iekiSula ,eîug we;s& iydhsldj Tnf.ka Tn fjkqfjka u Tng Tyq ujd ;sîu;a"

Tn,d w;r fifkyila ohdjla w;alr ;sîu;a Tyqf.a idlaIsj,ska tlls' ^30(21&

msßñhd .eyeKsh hqj, jYfhka ujkq ,en we;' tfyhska tu hqj< mjq,a f,i tla

fkdjk ;ek ta fofokd msßmqka fkdfj;s'

² ckhsks" Tnf.a uejqïlre .ek ìhjkak' Tn ieu flfklau tla wd;auhlska ueõfõ Tyq

h' tu wd;aufhka ;u yjq,aldßh ueùh' ^4(1&

² mjq,a Ôú;h u.ska ñksid ;udg muKla hk wd;aud¾:fhka ñoS ;u iyldßhjk ìß| yd

orejka fjkqfjka is;d l%shd lsÍug fmf<fUkafka h' fuhg w,a,dyaf.a odhdohka ysñ

jkafka h'

Tn w,a,dyaf.a ud¾.fha úhoï lrk tla oskdrhla"jyf<la ksoyia lsÍu i|yd úhoï

lrk oskdrhla" ÿmam;l= fjkqfjka úhoï lrk oskdrhla yd Tnf.a mjq, fjkqfjka

úhoï lrk oskdrhla" hk tajdhska jeä m%fhdackhla ,nd fokafka mjq,g ,ndfok

oskdrh jkafka h' ûqia,sï&

² fuu hym; ,efnkqfha mjq,a Ôú;h f.jkakdg h'

tfiau mjq,l ch.%yKh iudcfha ch.%yKh jkafka h'

² mjq,a Ôú;h u.ska msßñhd fyda ldka;dj j.lSï ork mqoa.,fhl= njg m;a jkafka h' ta

ksid Tyqf.a Ôú;h ms<sfj<la jkafka h'

² újdy Ôú;h u.ska is; md,kh lsÍu" mrïmrdjla ìysùu" mdßY=oaONdjh" wdrlaIdj"

f.!rjh" fi!LHh jeks úúO m%fhdack w;ajkafka h hkak yoSia u.ska f.k yer oelafõ'

² y,d,a jQ l%uhg ;u ye`.Sï ixis|jd .kakd úg thg o w,a,dya f.ka hyM, ysñ jkafka

h'

² kì iydìjre w,a,dyaf.a ¥;hdKkaf.a fufia úuiQy' wfhla ;u ìß| iu`. ixjdifha

fhoSug;a" mska ysñfõ oehs weiQy' thg kì ;=ud ;u wdYdjka jeros wdldrhg ixis|jd

.;a úg mjq ysñ fjkjd fkdfõ o @ tfia kï ksis l%uhg ixis|jd .ekSu i|yd hyM,

ysñ jkafka h' ûqia,sï&

² ñksfila YdÍßl iem; ,eîug;a" wdorh yqjudre lr .ekSug;a" orejka ksid i;=gla

,eîug;a" jfhdajDoaO wjêfha oS wdrlaIdj ,eîug;a" mjq,a Ôú;h ;=<ska iïmQ¾K

iy;slhla ,efí'

² mjq,a Ôú;h ;=<ska mqreIhd yd ldka;dj iqrlaIs;Ndjh ,n;s'

34

újdyh

² wrdìfhka ksldya hkafkka woyia flfrkafka újdyhhs' ksldya hkafkys jpkd¾:h"

újdy .súi .ekSu" ìß| iu`. YdÍßl j tlaùu hkdoshhs'

² mjq,la f,i tla j Ôj;a ùug IÍwd mkjd we;s fldkafoais wkq.ukh lrñka" msßñfhl=

yd ldka;djla w;r we;s lr.kakd .súiqu újdyh kï fõ'

² újdyh mjq,a Ôú;hg m%fõYh jkafkah'

² bia,dóh oDIaáh wkqj újdyh keuÿuls' tys ish¨ l%shdjkagu hyM, w;ajkafka h'

w,al=¾wdkh yd iqkakdyaj fuu hyl%shdj flfrys wm fmd<Ujkafka h'

² Tn w;=frka iydhlhl= ke;s whg újdyh isÿ lrjkak' ^24 (32&

² ;reKhsks" Tn w;=frka Yla;sh we;s wh újdy jkak' th Tnf.a ne,au md,kh

lsÍug;a" m;sj; /l .ekSug;a fyd|u l%uh jkafkah' ÿ¾j,hska iõuh bgq lrkak'

th Tyqg wdrlaIdj imhhs' ^nqydß&

² bia,dóh Ißwdfõ" fmdÿ wruqKq 3la jk ,rEßhahd;a" ydÔhahd;a" lyaiSkshahd;a hk tajdhska

IÍwdfõ moku jk ,rEßhahd;a ys wka;¾.; jk lreKq 5 ka mrïmrdj mj;ajd .ekSu

o tlls' fï wkqj újdyh IÍwdfõ jeo.;a ;ekla w;alr .kS'

² újdyh uf.a l%uhls hehs kì î,a& ;=ud mjid ;sîfuka tys moku iqkakd nj jegfya'

tfy;a msßñhdf.a yd ldka;djf.a YdÍßl" udkisl" wd¾Ól" iudc ;;a;ajhka wkqj jdðí"

ularEya" yrdï" uqndya hehs kS;sfha w.h fjkia jkafka h'

² újdy Ôú;h ia:djr j meje;sh hq;= ksid bia,dï ksjeros u`. fmkaùï iy újdy

.súiqug wod< fldkafoais o myod we;' fuu.ska wka újdy l%uj,ska bia,dóh újdy

l%uh Wiia nj jegfya'

² újdyh yd iïnkaO bia,dóh úêl%u wkq.ukh l< hq;= wkqms<sfj<g mshjr ;=klg

j¾. lr oelaúh yels h'

1' iQodkï ùu'

2' .súiqu ^wyaod - újdyh bgq ùug fldkafoais&

3' m%isoaO lsÍu'

1' iQodkï ùu m<uq mshjr fõ' fuys"

) ieñhd - ìß|j f;dard .ekSu

) ukd,sh ne,Sug hEu

) .e,mSu ksÍlaIKh lsÍu ^w,al=íW&

) ukd,hd ukd,shf.a leue;a; ,nd .ekSu'

) újdy l;dny ^w,a ls;and&

wdoS lreKq we;=<;a h'

35

² m%:u woshr l%shdj, oS wksjd¾hfhka wjOdkh fhduqúh hq;= lreK jkqfha" ;udf.a

Ôú;hg iydhlhd jk ieñhd fyda mqreIhd fyda ldka;dj ;ud újdy lr .ekSug iqÿiq

wÊkì o hkak ;yjqre lr .ekSu h'

² újdy lr .ekSug wkqu; w¾kìjre .ek o" wkqu; fkdl< uyarïjre .ek o"

w,al=¾wdkh b;d meyeos<s j myod oS we;' n,kak' ^2'221&" ^24(3&" ^4(21-24&

² lreKq y;rla mokï lrf.k ldka;dj újdy lr.kq ,nkakSh' tajd Okh" ,iaik"

mjq," wd.ñl ye`.Su wdosh fõ' wd.ñl ye`.Su we;s ldka;dju f;dard .kak' tfia

fkd jQjd kï Tn ÿ.S nfjka fmf<;ajd' ^nqydß" uqia,sï&

² uqlSrd bíkq Iq#*d ^r,s& ldka;djla újdy lr .ekSug f;dard .;a;d h' túg" kì î,a&

;=ud Tn weh ÿgqjd oehs weiQy' ke; hehs Tyq ms<s;=re ÿka úg" Tn wehj n,kak' túg

Tnf.a iïnkaOh oeä flf¾ hehs mejiQy' ^kidhS&

² wújdyl ;reKshla kì î,a& ;=ud fj;g meñK ;u mshd Tyqf.a ifydaorhdf.a mq;dj

;udf.a leue;a;la fkdue;sj ;udg újdy lr ÿka nj meñKs,s l<dh' kì î,a& ;=ud

wehg ;u leue;a; wkqj l%shd lsÍug bv yeßhy' túg tu ;reKsh" uu uf.a mshdf.a

l%shdj wkqu; lrñ' tfy;a mshjrekg fï iïnkaOj lsisÿ whs;shla ke;s nj ye`.ùu

uf.a wruqK hehs meyeos<s l<dh' ^bíkq udcd&

² wújdyl ;reKshf.ka tl`.;dj ,nd.; hq;= h' wef.a ksYaYío;dj wef.a tl`.;djh

jkafkah'

² újdyh i|yd jQ leue;a; f.k yer oelaùu fyda th Tnf.a is;a ;=< Tn i`.jd ;eîu

fyda Tng jrola fkdfõ' ^2(235&

² tla uq#ñkajrfhla ;j;a uq#ñkajrfhl=f.a ifydaorhd h' uq#ñkajrfhla ;u fidfydhqrdf.a

fjf<|dug úreoaOj fjf<|dï fkdl< hq;=hs' ;u fidfydhqrdf.a újdy fhdackdjg

úreoaOj újdy fhdackd lsÍu;a fkdl< hq;=hs' ûqia,sï&

2' .súiqu

újdyh bgq lsÍug wjYH fldkafoais (

) bia,dï fldkafoais lvfkdlr .súiqï bgq lrk f,i mjihs'

) úYajdijka;hska .súiqï bgq lrkak' ^5(1&

) uqia,sïjre Tjqkaf.a I¾;a bgq lsÍfï j.lSï orkafkda h' ^wnQ odjqoa&

) újdyh Y=oaO jQ .súiqula jk ksid tys I¾;a fyj;a fldkafoais bgq l< hq;= h'

újdyh bgq lsÍug wjYH wh yd l%shdldrlï (

1' ukd,hd yd ukd,sh

2' j,S

3' Idysoajre

4' Bcdí" lnQ,a

36

) ukd,hd ukd,sh iïnkaOj újdy ùug wjirh ,;a wh ^w¾kìjre& újdy ùug

wjir ke;s wh ̂ uyarñjre& ms<sn| lreKq jeo.;a h' újdy ùug wjirhla ke;s

wh oek .ekSfuka wjirh we;s wh y÷kd .;yels h'

) uyarï wdldrh

1' iaÓr uyarñjre

2' ;djld,sl uyarñjre

) iuyr ldka;djkag" iuyr msßñkag újdy lr .ekSfï bia,duh iaÓrj u ;ykï

lr we;' fudjqka j¾. ;=kls'

f,a kElu" újdy kElu" lsßîfï kElu hk wdldrj,g fudjqka fnokq ,n;s'

) f,a kElu ksid újdy lr .ekSug ;ykï wh (

1' Wm; ksid - uj" ujf.a uj" fï whqßka by<g hk kEoEhska'

2' je¥ orejka - orejkaf.a orejka f,iska my<g hk kElï

3' ;u foudmshka fyda Tjqkaf.ka flfkl=f.a orejka Tjqkaf.a orejkaf.a orejka

hk f,i;a" my<g hk kEoEhska' tkï ;u ifydaoßhka yd Tjqkaf.a orejka

fuys oelafõ'

) ish iShdf.a yd wdÉÑf.a orejka fuh m%:u mshjr iu`. kj;skafka h' tkï

ujf.a fyda mshdf.a fidfydhqßhka újdy lr .ekSu ;ykï h' kuq;a Tjqkaf.a

orejka újdy lr .; yels h'

) újdy iïnkaOh ksid újdy lr .ekSug wjir ke;s wh (

1' ìß|f.a foudmshka" ìß|f.a ujf.a uj wdoS f,i by<g hk kElï

2' ixjdifha fhÿKq ìß|f.a orejka" ìß|f.a orejkaf.a orejka hk whqßka my<g

hk kElï

3' mq;df.a ìß|" mq;df.a mq;df.a ìß|" ÿjf.a mq;df.a ìß|" fï wdldrhg os.g

hk nkaOQka

4' mshdf.a ìß|

) lsß ujf.a iïnkaOh ksid újdy lr .ekSug wjir fkdue;s wh

f,a kElu ksid újdy lr .ekSug wjir fkd,enQ wh" lsßujf.a iïnkaOh ksid

újdy lr .; fkdyels h' ^nqydß" uqia,sï&

1' lsßuj

2' lsßujf.a uj

3' lsßujf.a fidfydhqßh

4' lsßujf.a ieñhdf.a fidfydhqßh

5' lsßujf.a ieñhdf.a uj

6' lsßujf.a orejka yd orejkaf.a orejka

7' lsßîu ksid kEoEjk fidfydhqßh

37

) ;djld,sl j újdy lr .ekSug wjir fkd,enQ wh (

1' tljr fidfydhqßhka fofofkla Nd¾hdjka lr .ekSu'

2' ldka;djla iy wef.a mshdf.a fidfydhqßh" tljr Nd¾hdj lr.ekSu

3' ldka;djla yd ldka;djf.a ujf.a ifydaoßh tljr Nd¾hdj lr .ekSu

4' wka flfkl=f.a Nd¾hdj

5' f;jrla ;,dla mejiQ ldka;dj' l,ska ieñhdg ;djld,sl j újdy lr .ekSug

wjir fkd,o wfhls'

6' uqIaßla jQ ldka;djla

7' .Ksldjka' .Ksldjka mõ iudj wheo fuu wl=i,fhka uq`Mukska u ñoS msßisÿ

Ôú;hla .; l<dkï Tjqka újdy lr .; yels h' ^;djld,sl uyarñjreka

újdyh yer wksl=;a ish¨ foaj, wÊkìjrekag wod< kS;sÍ;sj,g hg;a fõ'&

by; whqßka uyarïjre fkdjk wh tkï" wÊ kìjreka újdy lr.kakd úg

ukd<hd iy ukd,sh i;=j my; ,laIK ;sîu jeo.;a fldg i,lk nj yoSiaj,

oelafõ'

) ukd,sh - oreM, iys;" ukdj W.;a" nqoaêu;a" wd.ug ,eos" f.!rjkSh

mjq,lg wh;a" rEu;a" wújdyl <|la ùu'

) ukd,hd - wd.ug ,eos" ukdj W.;a" Okj;a" jeo.;a hqj,lg wh;a" ukd

fm!reIhla we;s" j|Ndjhla ke;s" lreKdjka; rEu;a ;reKhl=

ùu'

Tjqka my; fldkafoaisj,g hg;a jQ wh úh hq;=hs'

) ukd,hd - uqia,sï wfhl= ùu" tljr Nd¾hdjka y;r fofkl= újdy lr.;a

wfhl= fkdùu" ukd,shg wÊkì ùu" yÊ j.lSu i|yd byardï

ne|.;a wfhl= fkdùu'

) ukd,sh - uqia,sï fyda msßis÷ wya¨,a ls;dí ùu" wka flfkl=f.a Nd¾hdjla

fkdùu" boaod wkq.ukh lrk wfhl= fkdùu" yÊ j.lSu i|yd

byardï ne|.;a wfhl= fkdùu'

) j,S - ukd,shf.a Ndrlre

ldka;djla újdy ùug" újdy .súiqu isÿlsÍug Ndrlrefjl= isàu wjYH h' fuu

I¾;h ke;súg újdyh j<x.= fkdfõ' fndfyda wd.ñl úYdrohskaf.a u;h fuh

jkafka h'

fï i|yd Tjqka bosßm;a lr we;s idOl (

- úYajdijka;hska jkf;la Tnf.a .eyeKq orejka w,a,dya iu lrkakkag újdy lr

fkdfokak ^2(221&

38

- Ndrlrejka fkdue;s j újdyh fkdue;' ^wyauoa&

ldka;djlf.a újdyh bgqjkaf.a wehf.a lsÜgq kEfhl= jk Ndrlrejdf.a jpk

u.sks' tjekafkl= ke;súg" ÿr kEfhl= jk Ndrlrefjl=f.a jpk u.ska bgq fõ'

tjekafkl=;a ke;súg úksYaphlrejl=f.a jpk u.ska bgq fõ' budï Id*s ^rya&

u;h wkqj Ndrlrejl= my; wkqms<sfj<g ielfi;s'

1' mshd

2' mshdf.a mshd

3' foudmshka u.ska ,enQ ifydaorhska

4' mshd u.ska ,enQ ifydaorhska

5' foudmshka u.ska ,enQ ifydaorhdf.a mq;d

6' ifydaoßhf.a mq;d

7' mshdf.a ifydaorhd

8' mshdf.a ifydaorhdf.a mq;d

9 úksYaphldr;=ud

² Ndrlrejd ksoyia" fyd| isyshla we;s" jeäúhg m;a mqreIfhl= úh hq;=hs' Ndrlrejd

ksrmrdë úh hq;=h hk fldkafoaishla ke;'

Idysoa$idlaIslrejka

² újdyh bgq jQ njg idOlh idlaIslrejka jkakdy' idlaIs fkdue;s újdyh j<x.=

fkdfõ' fndfyda budïjrekaf.a u;h fuhhs' thg idOl my; oelafõ'

- .Ksldjla lsisÿ idlaIshla fkdue;sj ;u újdy .súiqu ;ud u bgqlr .ks;s' ̂ ;s¾ños&

- Ndrlrejka yd wjxl idlaIs folla fkdue;sj újdyh hkak ke;' ôdrl=;aks&

- idlaIslrejka fyd| isyshla we;s" jeäúhg m;a" .súiqug iïnkaO fomd¾Yjfhau

l;dj jgyd.; yels wh o" úh hq;=hs' idlaIs wjxl" pß;j;a wh úh hq;=hs' idlaIs

uqia,sful= yd ksoyia mqoa.,fhl= úh hq;=h' Tjqka mqreIhska fofofkla úh hq;=h'

Bcdí" lnq,a

² újdy .súiqfï uQ,sl wx.h" ia;%S mqreI fomd¾Yajfhau wfkHdkH ;Dma;sh jkafka h'

;Dma;sh hkq is; yd ne÷kq ld¾hh jkafka h' isf;a ;;a;ajh w,a,dya yer wka wfhl=g

oek .; fkdyelsh' tfyhska isf;a we;s ;Dma;sh oelaùug we;s ud¾.h lgjpk jkafka

h' újdy .súiqug iïnkaO fomd¾Yajhu" ;u ;Dma;sh jpk u.ska olaj;s'

.súiqug iïnkaO fomd¾Yajfhka m%:ufhka l;d lrkakdf.a jpk Bcdí f,i o" fojkqj

woyia olajkakdf.a jpk lnQ,a f,i o i|yka fõ'

39

² Bcdí yd lnQ,a i|yd jk I¾;hka (

1' .súiqfï fhfokakd" .súiqu bgq lsÍu i|yd uq`Mukska u iqÿiq wfhl= úh hq;=h'

2' Bcdí yd lnq,a tlu b÷ul oS bgqúh hq;= h'

3' .súiqug iïnkaO fomd¾Yajhu újdy .súiqu isÿùug wod< jpkjj,g lkaoSu'

4' Bcdí jdlHj,g úreoaO j lnq,a ys jpk fkd;sìh hq;= h'

² Bcdí" lnq,a i|yd fjku jpk Ndú;hla fkdue;' újdyh hk woyi f.k fok ́ kEu

jpkhla l=uk NdIdjlska fhÿj o tu.ska újdyh bgq jkafka h' Bcdnh iïnkaOfhka

kï újdyh hk woyi Rcqj ,nd fok ijdÊ hk jpk u.ska újdyh bgq jkafka h'

lnq,a iïnkaOfhka" ms<s.ekSu hk jpkh f.k fok ´kEu jpkhla u.ska th bgq

jkafka h' Bcdí yd lnq,a i|yd jk jpk th jvd;a fyd| jpk fhÿu f,i fomd¾Yajh

úiska u fhosh hq;=h' újdy .súiqug wod< jpk fhÿu" lsishï I¾;h bgq lsÍug wod<

lsisÿ iSud iys; fkdúh hq;= h'

uy¾ ke;fyd;a iodla

² újdyhl oS ukd,hd ukd,shg wksjd¾hfhka u osh hq;= oSukdj uy¾ hkafkka woyia fõ'

fuh uqo,aj,ska fyda øjH f,iska fyda osh yelsh' ta .ek w,a l=¾wdkh fufia i|yka

lrhs' Tn újdy lr.;a ldka;djg wef.a uyrh ^fyj;a iodla& i;=gq is;ska fokak'

thska lsisjla Tng weh i;=áka ÿka úg th i;=áka N=la;s ú|skak' ^4(4&

² uyarfha m%udKh ;SrKh lsÍug" ukd,hd ;u wd¾Ól myiqlu" ukd,shf.a b,a,Su fyj;a

fofokdf.a wfkHdakH .súiqu wdosh mokï lr .; yelsh' ,sx.sl iïnkaO;djh we;s

ùug fmru uy¾ f.ùu jeo.;a h' uyrh fkdf.jd w;yeÍu o ÿka uyrh wdmiq

.ekSu o mdmS l%shdjka h' ìß| ish leue;af;ka th ieñhdg úhoï lf<a kï tys jrola

ke;'

3' m%isoaO lsÍu

) ieñhd yd Nd¾hdj tlaùu m%isoaO lrk isoaêh j,Sudj jkafkah' j,Sudj hkq

újdyfhka miqj ukd,hd fok ix.%yh jkafkah' fuu ix.%yhg kEoEhska" ñ;%jreka"

wi,ajeishka" ÿmam;a fmdfydi;a hk ish,a,kagu wdrdOkd lsÍu iqÿiq h'

) —újdyh m%isoaO lr okajkak˜ hehs kì î,a& ;=ud mejiQy'

) Tfnka flfkl= újdy ix.%yh i|yd wdrdOkd ,enQ úg Tyq thg iyNd.S fj;ajd'

^nqydß&

) újdy nkaOkhg we;=<;a jQ kj hqj;sm;sg iqnm;d i;=gq lsÍu iqkak;hls'

40

oslalidoh

² újdyhg fuka u oslalidohg o úêl%u yd kS;s bia,duh mkjd we;' újdyl hqj<

mriamr wjfndaOfhka i;=áka Ôj;a úh hq;=hehs bia,duh n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ' tfy;a

iuyr wjia:dj, újdy Ôú;h i;=áka bgq ùug ndOd meñfKkafka h' tjka wjia:dj,

újdy nkaOkfhka ksoyia ùug bia,dï wjir ,nd fohs' tfy;a iuyr wjia:dj, mjq,a

Ôú;h f.ùug ndOd we;s fõ' ke;akï fofokd w;r woyiaj, tl`.;djhla fkdmj;sk

úg ke;fyd;a fN!;sl ;;a;aj ndOdjla j mj;sk úg" frda.S ;;a;aj fyda fjk;a ndOlfhda

we;s úg újdy .súiqfuka bj;a ùug oS we;s wjirh ;,dla jkafka h' tfy;a m%Yakj,

oS tajd iu:hg m;a lr f.k Ôj;a ùu jeo.;a h'

² idudkHfhka újdyfha wruqK iemj;a yd i;=áka msß mjq,a osúh yd tu.ska fyd| ore

mrïmrdjla ìys lsÍuhs' fujeks wruqKq lrd <`.dùug ndOdjla j mj;sk" újdy nkaOk

mj;ajdf.k hdu w¾: rys; jk w;r" tu.ska .egqï" ixlS¾K;d iy wys;lr ;;a;aj

muKla ìys jkafka h' ms<sl=, yd wiykh ksid Tjqka jeros ud¾. wkq.ukh lsÍug o

mq`Mjk' fujeks ;;a;ajhl oS újdyfha wruqKq bgq fkdjk úfgl újdy nkaOkfhka

bj;a ù fjk;a újdyhla lr .ekSfï u.la f,i ;,dla mj;S'

² l%sia;shdks wd.u wkqj ;,dla ;ykï jQjls' ldka;djla ieñhdg fødays jQ wjia:djl

jqjo" weh iu`.u Ôj;a úh hq;= nj l%sia;= oyu mjihs' tfy;a fuhg fjkia j idOdrK

fya;=j,g újdy nkaOkfhka bj;a ùug wjir ,nd fohs'

² hyqosjreka fya;=jla rys;j o ldka;djla oslalido l< yels h' ,iaik ldka;djla újdy

lr .ekSu i|yd ;u ìß| oslalido l< yelsh' tys lsisÿ jrola fkdue;' fufiau

cdys,shd hq.fha tlu ldka;dj lsysmjdrhla wjYH kï ;,dla lr kej; kej; újdy

úh yelsh' fujeks ;;a;ajh bia,dï wkqu; lrkafka ke;' ta fjkqjg ;,dla hk

;SrKhg meñKSug l,ska yd miqj wkq.ukh l< hq;= oeä kS;s bia,dï mkjd we;'

² bia,dï ;,dla wkqu; lr ;snqK o leue;af;ka th lf<a ke;' ula ksido ;,dla hkak

uQ,sl jYfhka yrdï h' wjYH;djh wkqj muKla th wkqu; flf¾' wkjYH f,i

;,dla mejiSu yrdï jQ isoaëka w;=frka w,a,dyag b;du ms<sl=,a lreK jkafka h'

² ldka;djka iem ú|Su i|yd we;s wdYdfjka ;,dla lshkakdg w,a,dya Ydm lrhs' msßñkaf.ka

oslalidoh ,nd .kakd ldka;dj uqkd*sla jk nj kì î,a& ;=ud mjid we;' tksid

bia,dï wkqj ;,dla hkak w,a,dyag b;du wleue;s lreKls' widudkH mßir ;;a;aj

hgf;a újdy Ôú;h l%uj;a j mj;ajdf.k hEug ndOd we;sjk úg muKla fuh bia,dï

wkqu; lrhs'

² oslalidohla isÿùu je<elaùu i|yd újdyhg fmr isgu bia,dï hï ms<sfj<j,a wkq.ukh

lrhs' újdy l;dny" újdy .e,mSu hkdosh fuhska jeo.;a tajd h' újdy Ôú;hg

we;=`M jQ miq Tn ms<sl=,a lrk lsishï p¾hdjla Tnf.a ìß| i;= jQfha kï Tn leu;s

wef.a p¾hdjka .ek is;d ;Dma;su;a jk f,i kì î,a& ;=ud mjid we;'

² fuu kì jelsfhka o ̂ oslalidohg fm<öug fmr& mjq,a Ôú;fha u;fNao yg.kakd úg"

l%shd l<hq;af;a flfia o hkak fmkajd oS we;'

41

² .eg¨jl yd mj;sk ;;a;ajhka .ek myod oS ldreKsl WmfoaYhka u.ska weh hyu`.

heùu iqÿiq h'

tu ldka;djka Tng mgyeksj l%shd lrk nj ms%h jQjd kï Tjqkag ysf;damfoaY mj;ajkak'

^4(34&

² wfkl ksos wef|ka weh wE;a lr ;eîfuka hyu`.g f.k tau i|yd jEhï lsÍu" m<uq

l%uh M, rys; jk wjia:dj, oS fuu fojk l%uh wkq.ukh l< yelsh' fï .ek w,a

l=¾wdkh Tjqka ksos wef|ka wE;a lr ;nkak hehs mjihs' ^4(34&

² by; l%u folu id¾:l fkdjk úfgl oS" weh hyu`. heùfï woyiska fiñka .ikak

hehs w,a l=¾wdkh mjihs' ^4(34& ldka;djkaf.a uqyqKg myr oSu iy ;=jd, we;sjk

whqßka myr oSu w,a l=¾wdkh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

fomd¾Yajfhka u j.lsj hq;= fofofkl= bosßm;a ù —fjkaùula we;s fõ˜ hehs Tn ìh jqks

kï ieñhdf.a mjqf,a flfkl= o ìß|f.a mjqf,a flfkl= o iu: lrejka f,i m;a

lrkak' ta fofokd iduh me;=jd kï w,a,dya ta fofokd w;r iduh we;s lrkafka h'

^4(34& fï l%shd ms<sfj<j,a i;r m%fhdackj;a fkdjk wjia:dfõ oS muKla oslalidoh

hk ;SrKhg t<eôh hq;= h'

² msßñkag oS we;s ;,dla whs;sh fuka ldka;djkag whs;shla oS ke;' ldka;djkaf.a iajNdjh"

,laIK" Tjqka uqyqK fok Ôú; .eg¨ wdosh ie,ls,a,g f.k" ldka;djkag m%udKj;a

whs;sjdislï ,nd oS we;' ;jo mqreIhd ;,dla mjik úg thg fya;= wêlrKfha oS

m%ldY lsÍu wjYH fkdfõ' fï ksid ldka;djf.a fm!oa.,sl;ajh wdrlaId fõ' tfia

fm!oa.,sl;ajh t<s flfrkafka kï th weh kej; újdy ùfï oS .eg¨ we;s lrhs'

tfy;a ldka;djla ;u ieñhdf.ka oslalidoh b,a,d isákd úg ta i|yd fya;= oelaùu

wksjd¾hfhka u l< hq;=h' ldka;djka fudaia;rj,g;a" yosis ;SrKj,g;a' ye`.Sïj,g;a

,lajk ksid ÿros. fkdn,d laIKsl ;SrKj,g t<efUk fyhska" ;,dla ôslalidoh&

i|yd whs;sjdislï wvq jYfhka oS we;'

oslalido l%u

;,dla

² ;,dla hkq újdy .súiqu leãu hkak h' ieñhd úiska ìß|j újdy Ôú;fhka bj;a

lsÍu fuhska woyia flf¾' ;,dla lSu i|yd fya;= fy<s lsÍu wjYH fkdfõ' ieñhd

jpk lSmhla mjid ìß|j újdy .súiqfuka uqodyeÍu fuhska woyia flf¾' fuh j¾.

folls' ;,dla iqkaks yd ;,dla ìob tajd jkafkah'

² ;,dla iqkaks ;,dla lSu i|yd bia,dï mkjd we;s iSudjka wkq.ukh lrñka' ;,dla

mjik úg th ;,dla iqkaks kï fõ' ixjdifha fkdfhÿkq ldka;djla udia Y=oaêfhka

msßisÿj isák ld,h ;=, jrla muKla ;,dla lSu ;,dla iqkaks kï fõ'

² ;,dla ìob - bia,dóh kS;s iSudjka .ek fkdi<ld thg mgyeksj msysgk ;,dlh

fuhska woyia fõ' tkï tlajru ;=kajrla ;,dla lSu' tlu ia:dkfha ;,dla ;=k tlla

miqj tlla lSu' udia Y=oaêh" ld,fha fyda m%iQ;fhka miq ks*diaj,ska msßisÿ fkdjQ wjia:djl

;,dla lSu" udia Y=oaêh wjika jQ miq ixi¾.fhka wk;=rej ;,dla lSu wdosh fuu

j¾.hg wh;a h'

42

² ;,dlh" ;,dla ndbka" ;,dla rcb hehs ;jÿrg;a j¾. follg fnohs' ;,dla lshk ,o

ldka;dj kej; Nd¾hdj lr.; fkdyels ;,dlh ;,dla ndbka kñ' tkï ;,dla ;=ku

iïmQ¾K l< wjia:dj fuhska woyia fõ'

;,dla rcb u.ska ;,dla mejiQ ldka;dj kej; Nd¾hdj lr.; yels ;,dlh woyia

flf¾'

² ;,dla iykh Ndú;d lsÍu i|yd ;,dla tlla fyda folla muKla mjid boaod ld,h ;=<

fofokdu kej; tlaùug we;s yelshdj fuu.ska oelafõ'

l=,aW

² bj;a lsÍu" .e,ùu" bosÍu hk woyi fuys wvx.= h' ldka;djkag ieñhd iu`. Ôj;a

úh fkdyels ;;a;ajhla Wod ù uqo,la ieñhdg f.ùfuka ldka;dj ;ud ksoyia lr

.ekSu fuhska woyia flf¾' ieñhdf.ka weh ,enQ ish,a,g wu;r j Tyq b,a,k fohla

weh f.úh hq;=hs' l=,a W i|yd ldka;dj msßisÿ$ wmsßisÿ ùu jeo.;a fkdfõ' ;jo

l=,aW l< ldka;dj ;=kajrla udia Y=oaêh isÿjk f;la isáh hq;= h'

² *ial= ìkafoah hk woyi fuhska ,efí' .súiqfï we;s jQ wvqmdvq ksid fyda fjk;a yosis

lreKla ksid fyda *ial= isÿúh yelsh' Wod ( újdyfhka miq fofokdu tlu lsßujf.ka

lsß ìõ nj oek .ekSuh' újdy hqj<f.ka flfkla wd.u fjkia lr.;a wjia:dfõ oS

*ial= isÿfõ'

tfiau frda.S ;;a;ajh fyda ÿ.S nj jeks lreKq .ek ld;sjrhdg okajd újdy nkaOkh

ì| oeóu fõ' *ial= hkq bia,dóh úksYaphlrejdg okajd újdy nkaOk ì| oeóu

jkafkah'

² ,swdka

,swdka hkafkka Ydm lsÍu hkak woyia flf¾' ieñhd iy ìß| w;r wfhl= ÿrdpdrh

ms<sn| fpdaokd mek ke`.S" Tmamq lr.; fkdyels wjia:dfõ oS" w,a,dya flf¾ osjqrd Ydm

fõjd hehs mjid fofokd fjka j hEu ,swdka kï fõ' tkï wfhla ÿrdpdrh Tmamq lsÍug

idlaIs y;rla wjYH h' tfy;a idlaIs bosßm;a l< fkdyels wjia:dfõ oS" wfhla ;u

fpdaokdj Tmamq lsÍu i|yd y;r j;djla osjqrd miajk j;dfõ oS ;u lSu fndre kï

w,a,dyaf.a Ydmh ug we;s fõjd hehs lsh;s' Nd¾hdj ksfodia kï weh o fufia lrhs' ;u

fpdaokdj Tmamq lsÍu i|yd y;r j;djla osjqrd miajk j;dfõ oS ;u lSu fndre kï

w,a,dyaf.a Ydmh ug we;sfõjd hehs lshhs' fufia lshd fjka ùu ,swdka kï fõ' ,swdka

l%uhg fjka jQ hqj<g kej; tla j Ôj;a ùug bv fkdfohs'

² ,syd¾

fuh cdys,shshd hq.fha oslalido l%uh jkafkah' mqoa.,fhla ;u ìß|j ujg iudk lr

l;d lsÍfuka ,syd¾ we;s jkafka h' ,syd¾ u.ska fjka jQ wfhla kej; tla j Ôj;a ùug

kï jyf<l= ksoyia l< hq;=h' ke;fyd;a ñialskajre 60 fofklg wdydr osh hq;= h'

43

² B,dW

osjqrd je<lS isàu hkak fuys woyihs' ;u ìß| iu`. tlajkafka ke; hkqfjka osjqÍu

B,dW hehs i|yka fõ' fufia osjqrd udi y;rla ;=< tla fkdjQjd kï fofokdu fjka

fj;s' fufia fjka jqjfyd;a idudkH ;,dla fuka boaod wkq.ukh l< hq;=hs'

² ;udf.a ìß| iu`. tlajkafka ke;sh hehs osjqrE mqoa.,hdg udi y;rl wjldYhla we;'

tfyhska ta w;r;=r Tjqka kej; tla jQjd kï"ieneúka u w,a,dya iudjkakd yd

lreKdjka;hd h' tfy;a Tjqka tu ld, wjldYh ;=< kej; tla fkdù" oslalido ùu

;yjqre lr .kafka kï" ieneúka u w,a,dya fudjqkaf.a i;Hhg lka fokakdh' tfy;a

tu ld, wjldYfhka miqj ;,dla isÿjkafka h'

boaod

boaod hkq .Kkh lsÍu hk jpkd¾:h fokafka h' ieñhdf.a úfhdaj fyj;a fjkaùu

fjkqfjka ìß| lsishï ld,hla újdy fkdù je<lS isàu fuu.ska oelafõ' boaod .;

lsÍfï isß; cdys,shshd hq.fha o mej;sKs' boaod úúOdldr h'

1' ieñhdf.a wNdjh fjkqfjka wkq.ukh lrk boaod

ieñhdf.a wNdjh fjkqfjka ldka;djla udi 4 l=;a osk 10 l=;a boaod wkq.ukh l<

hq;=hs' Tn w;=ßka ;u ieñhd úfhda jQ ldka;djka udi 4l=;a ojia 10 la n,d isá;ajd

hehs w,al=¾wdkh mjihs'

2' ieñhd úfhda jQ ldka;dj ffy,a we;sùu kej;=Kq b;d jfhdajDoaO ldka;djla jQjd kï

weh udi 3 la muKla boaod f.ùu iEfykafkah' Tfí ldka;djka w;=frka" lsisfjl=

b;d jhia.; ù udia Y=oaêh ùfï n,dfmdfrd;a;=j ke;s ù" boaod .Kka lsÍug l=ula

l< hq;=oehs Tng ielhla u;= jQ úg" tu ldka;djkaf.ka ;j;a ljfrl=g fuf;la

udia Y=oaêh we;s kqjQjd o Tjqkag o boaod ys ld, wjldYh udi 3 ls' ^n,kak' 65(4&

3' ieñhd wysñ jQ ldka;dj .eìKshla kï" weh orejd ,nk f;la" boaod .; l< hq;=hs'

.eìKs ldka;djf.a boaod ld,h weh orejd m%iQ; lrk f;la jkafka h' ̂ n,kak' 65(6&

4' ;,dla mjikq ,enQ ldka;djl l=¾W 3 la boaod .; l< hq;=hs' m<uq fyda fojk ;,dla

lshkq ,enQ ldka;dj boaod ld,h ;=< fírd .ekSug ieñhd leue;af;a kï"tfia l<

yelsh' újdy ù ixjdih lsÍug fmr ldka;djla ;,dla lshkq ,enqjd kï" tu

ldka;dj boaod f.úh hq;= ke;' ^n,kak' 33( 48&

² oekg uqia,sï iudch ;=< mj;sk boaodj,g wod< isß;a úß;a ksid bia,dufha i;=rka"

boaod iudc widOdrKhla fyda ysxidjla nj m%pdrh lsÍug fmd<Ujkq ,enQjd hehs mejish

yels h'

44

boaod wkq.ukh lrk w;r;=r wkq.ukh l< hq;= oE

² ieñhdf.a úfhdaj fjkqfjka boaod wkq.ukh lrk ldka;dj" udi 4 la yd osk 10 la

ieñhdf.a úfhdaj wkqiaurKh lsÍug bia,dï wjir oS we;' fuh iudc ysxidjla

fkdfõ' ieñhd úfhda jQ jydu lsisjl= ta ÿla fõokdj wu;l lsÍug l,ska kej; újdy

Ôú;hg we;=`M ùug leu;s jkafka ke;' ldka;dj uDÿ fudf,dla is;la we;s wfhla

ksid" ieñhd wysñ jQ ldka;dj ta yd iu`.u kej; újdy osúhg we;=`M ùug wleue;s jkq

we;'

² ieñhd wysñ jQ ldka;dj boaod ld,h ;=< ;u ÿl ms<sìUqjk fia w,xldr fudaia;rj,ska

je<lSfuka o" ;ud yevjev lr .ekSfuka je<lS isàu hk ;;a;ajhla /l.; hq;=hs'

boaod ld,h ;=< újdy ùu yd újdy l;dnfya fhoSu wdosfhka je<lS isáh hq;=h' boaod

wkq.ukh lsÍu iudc ysxidjla f,i fkdie,lsh hq;=h' ula ksid o h;a th b;d

myiqfjka bgql< yels hy l%shdjls'

² uqia,sï ldka;djla idudkH ld,j, oS flfia *¾odj we|f.k ;u wõr;h jidf.k ;u

rEmY%Sh wka whg fkdfmfkk fia isáh hq;= o ta ms<sfj;u boaod ld,fha oS o wkq.ukh

l< hq;= h' boaod ld,fha oS ldka;djka ;u Ôjfkdamdh i|yd oyj,a ld,fha oS f.hska

msgj f.dia /lshdfõ fhoS rd;%sfha oS ksjfia /|sh yelsh'

) kì ̂ i,a& ;=udf.a ld,fha oS boaod wkq.ukh lrk ldka;djla or lemSu i|yd le,Ejg

.shdh' w;ruo oS weh yuq jQ mqoa.,hl= boaod ld,h .; lrk ldka;djla fufia

f.hska msgj hEu iqÿiq fkdfõ hehs lSfõh' tu ldka;dj kì î,a& ;=ud fj; meñK

boaod wkq.ukh lrk ld,h ;=< or lemSug hEu fkdukd wehs oehs weiqjd h' túg

kì î,a& ;=udfKda" th .eg¨jla fkdfõ' th wehg j<x.= lghq;a;lehs ms<s;=re

ÿkay' fuu isoaêh boaod wkq.ukh lrk ld,h ;=< ldka;djla" wod< fldkafoais fol

iqrlsñka l%shd lsÍug bv we; hkak ;yjqre lrhs'

) jrla boaod wkq.ukh l< ldka;djla" kì î,a& ;=ud fj; meñK ;udf.a f.or

ifydaorjre muKla isák ksid ;ud ie,iqula ,eîug l;d lr lr isàug lsisÿ

ldka;djla ;u ksjfia ke;s nj;a" ;u wi,ajeis ksjig f.dia tys isák ldka;djka

iu`. l;d lr lr isàug wjir b,aÆy' fuu b,a,Su kì î,a& ;=udKka ms<s.;ay'

ta wkqj wjYH úg oS boaod wkq.ukh lrk ldka;djla f.hska msg hEug yels nj

meyeos<s h'

² fufia bia,dufha boaod l%shdj,sh b;d myiq ir, tlla j ;sìh oS wm iudcfha ldka;djka

b;d wiSrefjka boaod wkq.ukh lr;s'

wo iudcfha iuyr uÜgïj, ldka;djlf.a ieñhd wNdjhg m;a jQjd kñ boaod wkq.ukh

lsÍu i|yd iqÿ we÷ï we|Sug weh n, lrkq ,nhs' weh ksjfia w÷re ;ekl jdä lrjkq

,nhs' lsisu msßñfhl= weh fkdoelsh hq;= ksid weh isák ;ek wdjrKh lsÍug oeä

l%shdud¾. .kq ,efí' weh tu l=vd w÷re ia:dkfha u boaod ld,h uq`M,af,a u isáh

hq;=hs' iuyr ia:dkj, l=vd <uhs mjd wehj fkdoelsh hq;= nj oeä kS;s mkjkq ,efí'

weh msßñfhl= ÿgqfõ kï th weh lrk wl=i,hla hk woyi wm iudch ;=< me;sr

mj;S' iuyr .ïj, fuhska Tíng f.dia ldka;dj boaod wkq.ukh lrk w;r;=r

45

msßñfhl= weh ÿgqfõ kï weh kej; uq, isg boaod wkq.ukh lsÍu wdrïN l< hq;= nj

n,lrkq ,nkakSh' boaod ms<sn| j fujeks oeä kS;sÍ;s iudcfha wkq.ukh lrk ksid

boaod ms<sn| úúO jeros woyia me;sr we;' ieñhd úfhda jQ ldka;dj boaod wkq.ukh

lsÍu uy;a nrla fldg i,lhs' tfyhska iuyr m%foaYj, osk 40 la muKla boaod

wkq.ukh lsÍfï jeros mqreoaola o mj;S'

² frda.S ;;a;ajh ksid fyda ffjoHjrhd yuqùu jeks w;HjYH ld¾hhka i|yd fyda boaod

lghq;af;a fhoS isák ldka;djla f.hska msg hEu jrola fkdfõ'

² tfyhska wm boaod ms<sn| bia,dóh úêu;a ms<sfj; ksis mßos jgydf.k ;sîu wjYHh'

w,a,dya fldmuK Wiia oekqu yd {dkhlska hqla;j wd.ñl u.fmkaùï f.dkq lr

we;aoehs hkak wm jgyd .kakd w;r" th fmdÿ ck;djg o jgyd osh hq;= h'

² ;,dla mjikq ,enQ ldka;dj boaod wkq.ukh lrk wjia:dfõ oS" wehj kej;;a ìß| lr

.ekSug yelshdjla we;' fï ld,h ;=< fofokdu kej; tlaùug wjia:d i,ik whqßkau"

weh ;u ieñhdf.a ksjfiau boaod wkq.ukh l< hq;=h' fï ld,h ;=< fofokd tla lrk

whqßka wehg ieñhdf.a ys; .kakd whqßka we| me<|.; yels h' th bia,duh j<lajd

ke;' tfy;a ;,dla ndbka wjia:dfõ oS ldka;djla fufia ieñhdf.a ys;a .kakd whqßka

we| me<| .ekSu wjYH fkdfõ'

² ksldya wjia:dfõoS ìß|g ieñhd fok ;E.a. uy¾ kï fõ' fofokd mjq,a osúh f.jk

úg" ìß|g ieñhd fok Ôjk úhoï k*ld kï fõ' újdy Ôú;fhka ieñhd ìß|f.ka

fjka jQ úg" wehg fok ;E.a. u;dW fõ' ìß|g ;,dla lshd oslalido lrk úg"u;dW

f.ùu ms<sn| j 2(2" 2(236 jpk u.ska meyeos<s flf¾' fuh boaod ld,h ;=< ieñhd

ìß|g bgq l< hq;= tla wx.hls'

boaod ys m%fhdack

1' w,a,dyaf.a wK mk;a ms<sf.k bgq lsÍu u.ska w,a,dyaf.a odhdohka ,nd .ekSu'

2' udkisl mSvkhkaf.ka ñoSug we;s ud¾.h

3' m<uq ieñhd u.ska .eí f.k we;aoehs ksÍlaIKh i|yd jk ld,h

4' ieñhd úfhda jQ ldka;dj Tyqf.a úfhdaj wkqiaurKh lsÍu i|yd bia,dóh ld, iSudj

5' m%:u ieñhdf.a l%shdud¾. kej; u;la lsÍug;a Tyq fjkqfjka m%d¾:kd lsÍug;a we;s

wjia:dj

6' kej; újdy ùu iïnkaOj ;SrKhlg t<eöug we;s ld, wjldYh

7' ;,dla rcB jQjd kï kej; tla j Ôj;a ùug wjia:djlss'

46

orejka foudmshkag;a" foudmshka orejkag;a bgql< hq;= hq;=lï yd j.lSï

orejka foudmshkag

² ñksiqkaf.a oEiaj,g orejka isis,la jkafkah' Tjqka ksid ñksia Ôú;hg i;=gla ,efnkafkah'

Tjqka u; my<jk w,a,dyaf.a odhdoh foudmshkag o ,efnkafka h' orejka ksid w,a,dya

foudmshkag wdydrfhys nrl;a ,nd fokafka h'

² orejka iïnkaOfhka foudmshkag we;s j.lSu bia,dï meyeos<s j jgyd oS we;'

1' bia,dï hy Ñ;a; mdßY=oaO;ajh ( ;udg odhdohla f,i ,efnkakd jQ id,sya jQ

orefjl= f,i yodjvd .ksñ hk woyi

2' ;u orejdg iodpdrd;aul ujla f;dard.ekSu'

3' iodpdrd;aul orefjl= m;d w,a,dyaf.ka ÿwd m%d¾:kd lsÍu'

4' uõl=i ;=< isáh o orejd iq/lSu'

5' ol=Kq lfkys wodka o jï lfkys bldu;a o mjid msöu yd meksri leùu'

—ljfrl=g orefjl= ,enqKo Tyq tys ol=Kq lfkys wodka o" jï lfkys bldu;a o

lshd msôkafka kï" tu orejdg lsisÿ wk;=rla fkdjkafka h'˜ ûkayka wìh#,d w,a

uõis,s&

6' wlSld oSu ( —msßñ orejdg t`Mjka fofofkl= o" .eyeKq orejd fjkqfjka tla t`Mfjl=o

wlSld oSu˜ ^;s¾ños&

7' ,iaik kï ;eîu ( wnQ uqid w,a wIawß ^r,s& mjihs' —ug msßñ orejl= ,eî uu ta

orejd kì î,a& ;=ud fj; /f.k .sfhñ' t;=ud orejdg bírdysï hehs kï ;enqfõ

h' rgb|s f.ðh imd th orejdf.a lfÜ ;enqfõh' orejdg odhdohla ,ndfok f,i

ÿwd m%d¾:kd l<y' miqj ug orejd ÿkay'˜ ^nqydß&

8' y;ajk osk tys ysi uqvqfldg tys nrg iudk ßoSj, jákdlï mskg oSu'

9' orejdg p¾ufþokh lsÍu'

10' m<uq fojir ;=< lsß fmùu' —orejdg Wmka od isg fojirl ld,hlg lsß fmùu

lr;ajd'˜ ^2(233&

11' y,d,a jQ tajdhska orejdg wdydr iemhSu'

12' wd.ñl mokï b.ekaùu' l=¾wdkh yd iqkakdya b.ekaùu'

13' i,d;h msysgùug mqyqKq lsÍu'

14' orejka l%Svd lsÍu i|yd myiqlï ie,eiaùu'

15' id,sya jQ fyd| ñ;=rka y÷kajd oSu'

16' —ksjfia oS wjir b,a,Sfï mqreoao orejkag b.ekaùu'˜ ^24(58&

17' orejka w;r wmlaImd;Sj l%shd lsÍu' —Tnf.a orejka w;r idOdrKj lghq;= lrkak'˜

ûqia,sï&

18' orejka flf¾ wdorh oelaùu'

47

19' hym;a yeisÍu yd pdß;% jdß;% lshdoSu' —Tn Tnf.a orejdg hym;a yeisÍï yd

pdß;% jdß;% blekaùu Tn ieuodu ÿmam;=kag okamska lsÍug;a jvd fyd|h' ̂ ;nrdks&

20' .eyeKq orejkag yscdí we|Sug mqreÿ lsÍu'

21' jeäúhg wod< ms<sfj;a b.ekaùu'

22' orejd ksis jhig m;a jQ úg id,sya jQ iydhlhl= fidhd oSu'

orejkaf.a hq;=lï bgq lsÍfï oS foudmshka wkq.ukh l< hq;= úkhhka

1' wdo¾Yu;a úkhhla

2' újD;j idlÉPd lsÍu

3' wdorh oelaùu

4' úYajdijka;j l%shd lsÍu

5' Wkkaÿ lsÍu yd fmd<Uùu

6' idOdrKnj" iudkd;au;dj

7' ,hdkaú;nj yd md,kh

foudmshka i|yd bosßm;a lrk bia,dóh Wmfoia yd wdo¾Yhka iuyrla

² BudkaOdÍ Tn" Tnj yd Tnf.a mjq, ksrfha .skafkka wdrlaId lr.kak' ^66(6&

² Tn ieu fokdu j.lsj hq;a;ka h' Tn ieufokdu Tnf.a j.lSu .ek úuikq ,nkq

we;' ^nqydß" uqia,sï&

² kì î,a& ;=udfKda wíndia ^r<s&;=udf.a mq;=ka ;sfokd jk wíÿ,a,dya" Wnhsÿ,a,dya" yd

reihshs¾ ^r<s& hk ;sfokd fm<.iajd ljqreka m%:ufhka ud <`.g meñfKkafka o Tyqg

fï fï foaj,a ,efí hehs lshkakdy' orejka ÿjú;a kì î,a& ;=udf.a Wl=<g jefg;s'

túg kì;=ud ta orejka ism .ks;s' ûqiakoa wyauoa&

² kì î,a& ;=ud" yika ^r<s& f.a fyda yqihska ^r,s& f.a w; w,a,d Tjqkaf.a fomd ;u fomd

u; ;nd Wvg k.sk f,i lshkakdy' ^;nrdks& kì î,a& ;=ud <uqka ÿgq úg Tjqkag

fifkyi fmkajd i,dï lshkakdy' ^nqydß&

² flfkl= kì î,a& ;=ud fj; meñK Tn Tnf.a orejka ism.kafka o @ wm tfia lrkafka

ke;ehs lSfõh' túg kìî,a& ;=ud w,a,dya Tnf.a yojf;ka fifkyi bj;alr ;sîug

uu j.lsj hq;=o lshd mejiQy' ^nqydß&

² ;ud wdydr osh hq;a;ka wmf;a heùu ñksfil=g iEfyk wl=i,hla jkafka h' ûqia,sï&

² ljfrl=g oshKshka ;sfofkla isák úg Tyq Tjqka fjkqfjka ÿla uykais ù" ;udf.a y,d,a

jQ bmehSfuka Tjqkag ljd fmdjd" we÷ï me<÷ï ,nd fokafka o" Tyqg tu oeßhka lshdudfõ

oS ksrfha .skafkka wdrlaId lrk ;srhla fj;s' ûqiakoa" wyauoa&

48

foudmshka fjkqfjka orejka

² bia,dóh oDIaáh wkqj w,a,dyag yd riq,ajrhdf.ka miqj B<`. ;;a;ajh foudmshkag

ysñh'

² foudmshkaf.a w.hhka meyeos<s lr" foudmshka iïnkaOfhka uqia,sful= l%shd l< hq;=

wdldrh w,al=¾wdkh myohs' Tjqkaf.ka wfhl= fyda fofokdu fyda Ôj;aj isák úg"

jDoaO j ÿn,;djhg ,la ù" isáfha kï" bia,dï Tjqkg buy;a f.!rjhla ,nd fokafkah'

^n,kak' 17(23-24" 4(36" 28(8" 31(14&

² foudmshka uqia,sï fkdjQj o" Tjqkag Wmldrjk whqßka o" ia;=;s mQ¾jlj o" yeisßh hq;=

nj bia,dï W.kajhs'

² wiaud ^r<s& ;=ñh fufia mejiqjdh' w,a,dyag iu lrñka Ôj;a jQ uf.a uj jrla ud

ne,Sug meñKshd h' fï ms<sn| j kì î,a& ;=ud fj; f.dia úuiqfjñ' uf.a uj b;d

wdYdfjka ud fj;g meñK we;' uu wehg Wmia:dk l< yels oehs weiqfjñ' Tõ Tn

Tnf.a ujg Wmia:dk lrkak hehs mejiqjd h' ^nqydß" uqia,sï&

² bia,duh wkqj foudmshka w;=ßka ie,ls,s oelaùug m%uqL;djh ysñúh hq;af;a ujg h'

wfhla kì î,a& ;=ud fj; meñK w,a,dyaf.a ¥;hdfKks" uu ug fyd|ska ie,lSug

jvd;a iqÿiaid ljqreka oehs weiqfõ h' kì î,a& ;=ud Tnf.a uj hehs lSy' bkamiq

ljqoehs weiqfõ h' Tnf.a ujhehs ms<s;=re ÿkay' bkamiq ljqoehs weiqfõ h' Tnf.a

ujhehs ms<s;=re ÿkay' kej; o tu m%Yakhu weiqfõ h' Tnf.a mshd hehs kì ;=ud

ms<s;=re ÿkay'

² jhi wjqreÿ 40 la jk ñksfil= ;u ìß| orejka hehs mjqf,a nr orkafka h' tu

wjia:dfõ oS hym;a uqia,sful= ;u foudmshka Ôj;a j isáfha kï Tjqka iu`. flfia

yeisßh hq;= o hkak w,al=¾wdkh meyeos<s lrhs' ^n,kak' 46(15&

² orejka foudmshkag bgql< hq;= j.lSï fowdldr h'

1' foudmshka Ôj;a j isák úg l< hq;= tajd

2' foudmshka úfhda jQ miq l<hq;= tajd

² foudmshka Ôj;a j isáfha kï Tjqkaf.a le|jqug jydu ms<s;=re oSu'

) kìî,a& ;=ud fufia mejiQy' cqrhs¾ wd.u okakd wfhl= kï i,d;h os.=fõ,djla bgq

lrkjdg jvd ujg ms<s;=re oSu wjYH nj jgyd.kq we;' ^nqydß&

) cqrhs¾f.a isoaêh uq`Mukska u mjikak'

² Tjqka iu`. lreKdfjka yd ohdfjka l%shd lrkak'

) i#oaa bíkq wí jlaldia ^r<s& f.a uj i#oa bia,duh w; oeÍug n, lsÍula f,i

wdydrmdk .ekSfuka je<lS isáhd h'

) túg i#oa ;u uj fj; f.dia Tng m%dKhka lsysmhla ;sî" tajd tlsfkl ke;sjk

f;la jEhï l< o uu uf.a wd.fuka bj;a jkafka ke;ehs ;oska u lSfõh'

miqj i#oaf.a fuu oeä ms<s;=r w,a,dyaf.a wm%idohg ,laúh' ^31(15&

49

² Tjqka ;=< lemùu fjkqfjka lD;{ mQ¾jl j l%shd lrk f,io" Tnf.a foúhdg" uõmshkag

lD;{ jk f,i o wKlr we;' ^17( 23&

² Tjqkaf.a wfhl= fyda fofokdu fyda jhia.; jQ úg" Tn fj;ska Tjqka t<jkakg tmd'

² Tjqkaf.a is;a ßoaojk jpk lSu fyda ld¾hhka fyda fkdl< hq;=h'

² Tjqka iu`. b;d lSlrej iy hgy;a my;a j yeisÍu'

² Tjqka fjkqfjka ÿwd m%d¾:kd lsÍu

² wfkla wh wmf.a foudmshkag fodia mjrK whqßka l%shd fkdlsÍu'

² Tjqkaf.a leue;a; wleue;a; oek l%shd lsÍu'

foudmshka wka;rd jQ úg" Tjqka fjkqfjka l< hq;= oE (

1' Tjqkaf.a ckdid i,d;hg iïnkaO ùu'

2' Tjqka fjkqfjka w,a,dyaf.a mõ iudj i|yd m%d¾:kd lsÍu'

3' Tjqka iïnkaO jQ .súiqï bgq lsÍu'

4' Tjqkaf.a kEhskag Woõ lsÍu'

5' Tjqkaf.a ñ;=rkag .re lsÍu'

ieñhd ìß|g yd ìß| ieñhdg l<hq;= j.lSï yd whs;sjdislï

YdÍßl jYfhka msßñhd ldka;djf.ka fjkia jqj o Tjqkaf.ka flfkla wfkla flkd fj;ska

iekis,a,la ,nd.; yels whqßka w,a,dya ujd we;'

² Tn ^tla Ôj;a ùu i|yd Tnf.a& Nd¾hdj;a" Tn Tjqkaf.ka iekis,a, ,eîu i|yd

Tnf.ka Tjqka ujd" Tn w;r wdorh yd fifkyi we;s lr ;sîu Tyqf.a idlaIsj,ska

tlls' ^30(20&

² i;=g yd ñysßnj fuu wka;¾ iïnkaO;djh w,a,dya we;slsÍfï wruqK" w;s uy;a

j.lSula i;=áka bgql< hq;= ksid h'

² ieñhd yd ìß| w;r wka;¾ iïnkaO;djh hyñka meje;aùu i|yd fofokdf.au j.lSï

yd whs;sjdislï ksis mßos ie,lSu wjYH h'

² ldka;djla yd mqreIhdf.ka újdyh u.ska mjq,a Ôú;h wdrïN lrk wjia:dfõoS" l%Svdjla

f,i fyda wiNH f,i fyda fkdj" w,a,dya ujd we;s iajdNdúl kS;sh îqkakdj& l%shd;aul

lsÍu i|yd tlajk nj jgyd.; hq;=h'

² kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud fufia jod<y' —újdyh uf.a l%uhhs' ̂ iqkakd& ljqreka th ms<sl=,a lrhs

o Tyq wmf.ka wfhla fkdfõ'˜

50

² w,a,dya my; lreKq ieñhdf.a iy ìß|f.a j.lSu njg m;a lrhs'

- hym;a ore mrïmrdjla we;s lsÍu

- mjq,g wjYH uQ,sl wjYH;d imqrd,Su

- mjqf,a kE iïnkaO;d /lSu

- iQr;=ka ksid ys m<uq jdlHh n,kak'

ieñhdg yd ìß|g ysñ fuu fmdÿ j.lSu" bgql< yelafla" Tjqka w;r mj;ajk úêu;a

wka;¾ iïnkaO;djh u.sks' ta i|yd Tjqka fofokdf.au j.lSï yd whs;sjdislï

w¾:l:kh l< hq;= h'

² ieïhdf.a yd ìß|f.a j.lSï yd whs;sjdislï w,a,dya ;wd,d úiska u myod oS ;sîu

bia,dóh mjq,a ixúOdk jHQyfha jeo.;alu jkafka h'

² ieñhd yd ìß| w;r mj;sk iajdNdúl yelshdj yd ÿ¾j,;djh .ek i,ld fuu iSud

mkjd oS we;' fuysoS oïm;Ska w;r wfhl= bgql< hq;= j.lSu wfkla flkdf.a whs;sjdislu

jkafkah'

² fï fofokdf.a u whs;sjdislï yd j.lSï" m%Odk ud;Dld ;=kla hgf;a we;=<;a l< yels

h'

1' mjq, mßmd,kh lsÍu

2' mjqf,a iudc yd wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh .ek fidhd ne,Su

3' mjqf,a ye`.Sïnr wdOHd;añl ixj¾Okh iq/lSu

fuu lreKq 3 flfrys fofokdu iu iuj odhl;ajh oelaúh hq;=h' tajd iunrh'

tfy;a fjkia h'

1' mjq, mßmd,kh lsÍu

mjq, mßmd,kfha oS bia,dï mqreIhdg kdhl;ajh ,nd oS we;' fuhg fya;=j

w,al=¾wdkfha meyeos<s flf¾'

) msßñka ldka;djka mßmd,kh lrkakka h' ^4(34&

) fuhg fya;=j w,a,dya Tjqkaf.ka iuyrekag wka whg jvd Wiia ;;a;ajhla ,nd oS

;sîu;a" msßñka ;u Okfhka úhoï lrkakka ùu;a h'

) bia,dóh kdhl;ajfha m%Odk j.lSu idlÉPd lsÍuhs' fuh w,al=¾wdkfha Tjqkaf.a

l%shdldrlï" idlÉPdj mokñka mj;ajkafka h' ^3(159&

mjq,a mßmd,kfha" kdhlhd f,iska mqreIhdg jeo.;a j.lSï ;=kla mj;S'

1' ìßhg lreKdfjka yd f.!rjfhka ie,lSu'

2' ìßhf.a Ôjk wjYH;d bgq lsÍu'

3' ìßh yd mjq, rlsñka Tjqkag ksjeros u. fmkaùu

51

) ieñhd ;u j.lSu wh:d f,i Ndú;d fkdl< hq;= h'

) w,a,dya wfhl=g n,h ,nd oS" th ñksiqkaf.a hym;g th fhdod fkd.kakd lsisfjl=

iaj¾.fha iqj| fkdú|skafka h' ^nqydß&

) fuu u.fmkaùu hgf;a j.lSï yd whs;sjdislï ieñhd ìß| w;r fnoS f.dia

fomd¾Yajh th wjfndaOfhka ms<s.kakd úg mjq,a mßmd,kh hym;a jk njg lsisÿ

ielhl=;a ke;'

2' mjqf,a wd¾Ól" iudc ixj¾Okh .ek fidhd ne,Su'

) mjqf,a wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh lreKq folla u; /|S we;'

1' bmehSu ^wh&

2' úhoï lsÍu ^jeh&

) fuu lreKq fol iïnkaOfhka u ieñhd yd ìß| bia,dï mkjd we;s úêl%u iqrlsñka

iyk i,id we;s lreKqj, oS idlÉPd lr l%shdl< hq;= h'

) wdodhu yd úhou y,d,a úh hq;=hs hkak;a" wd.ñl j;djkag tajd ndOdjla fkdúh

hq;=h hkak;a bia,dóh úêl%uhhs'

) mjq,g wjYH úhou f.ùu ^k*ld& ieñhdf.a j.lSuhs' orejka ksis mßos yodjvd

.ekSu ìß|f.a j.lSu jkafka h'

) ìß|g bmehSug whs;shla we;' tfy;a thg ieñhd wjir osh hq;=h' th wehf.a

j.lSïj,g ndOdjla o fkdúh hq;=h' wd.ñl iSudjka blaujd fkdhd hq;=h'

) úhoï lsÍfï oS" wmf;a úhoï lsÍu fyda f,daNSùu fyda kqiqÿiq h'

) yskaoa ìka;s W;and mejiqjd h' w,a,dyaf.a ¥;hdfKks ûf.a ieñhd& wnq iq*ahdka

f,daNSfhls' tfyhska Tyqf.a Okfhka f.k uf.a orejkag lEu iemhSu jeros oehs

weiqjdh' thg w,a,dyaf.a ¥;hdfKda fufia mejiQy' Tnf.a wjYH;djhg iEfyk

;rñka idOdrKj .ekSfuys jrola fkdfõ' ^nqydß&

) ;jo f,daNsfhl= f,i úhoï fkdlr Tnf.a w; Tnf.a fn,af,a ne|.kakd ;;a;ajhla

we;s lr fkdlrkak' tfiau Tn <`. we;s oE úhoï lsÍfï oS oE;a tlajru osla

lr.ekSfuka o j<lskak' fï ksid wmydihg m;a ù ÿlg m;ajkafka h' ^17(29&

) ieñhdf.a wd¾Ól" iudc ;;a;ajh by< kexùug odhl úh hq;=hs' ieñhd fkdue;s

úfgl Tyqf.a f.!rjh yd Okh iq/lsh hq;=h'

) mjqf,a ye`.Sï nr wOHd;au ixj¾Okh iq/lsh hq;=hs'

úYajdijka;hsks" Tn Tnj o" Tnf.a mjq, o" ñksiqka o" .,a o" ojk ksrfha .skafkka

wdrlaId lr.kak' ^66(6&

) ieñhd yd ìß| ;u m%n,;djhka yd ÿn,;djhka y÷kdf.k ;u Ôú;h l%uj;a lr

.; hq;=hs'

52

) ;u md,kh hgf;a we;s mjqf,a wdOHd;añl jYfhka j¾Okh lsÍu;a" ìß|g yd orejkag

bia,dóh oekqu ,nd .ekSug u. ie,eiaùu;a ieñhdf.a j.lSuhs'

) mjqf,a m%Odkshd ;u mjq,g u.fmkajkakd h' ta .ek Tyq lshdudfõ oS j.lsj hq;=h'

^nqydß&

) kì ;=uks" Tnf.a mjqf,a wh i,d;h flf¾ fhduq lrkak' Tn o tys fhfokak'

^20(132&

) msßñhd yd ldka;dj uejQ w,a,dya ta fofokdf.a wNHka;r wjYH;dj .ek okafkah'

ldka;dj md,kh lsÍfï j.lSu mqreIhdg ,nd oS ;sîfuka ;u mqreId¾:h m%o¾Ykh

lrk jeo.;a wjia:dfõoS mqreIhdg m%uqL;ajh ,nd oS we;'

) Tnf.a Nd¾hdjka Tng wh;a j.dìï h' tfyhska Tnf.a j.dìï iu`. Tn leu;s

mßos Ôj;a jkak' Tn fjkqfjka uQ,sl;ajh ,nd fokak' ;jo w,a,dyag ìhjkak'

ieneúkau Tn Tyqj yuqjk nj iaÓr jYfhka u oek.kak' ^kì;=uks&

úYajdijka;hskag iqNme;=ï mjikak' ^2(223&

) idudkHfhka ieñhd jeä ld,hla ksjiska msg; .; lrhs' Nd¾hdj f.;=< .;

lrkakSh' ieñhd f.hska msg; isák úg ìß| úYajdijka;j .;l< hq;=h' tfyhska

ieñhd wleue;s lsisfjl= ksjig we;=<;a ùug bv fkdosh hq;=h'

) mjq, ieñhdf.a u.fmkaùu hgf;a md,kh lsÍu;a foam< úêu;a j wdrlaI lr .ekSu;a

wef.a j.lSuhs'

) ldka;dj ;u ieñhdf.a ksji iq/lsh hq;=h' ta .ek weh úuikq ,nkakS h' ûqia,sï&

) hym;a mjq,a osúhla f.dvkexùug ieñhdg ;u foam<ska ,nd oS i;=gqùu ukdh' Tjqka

thska iq`M fldgia fyda ÿkafka kï th Tn i;=áka N=la;s ú|skak'

kEhska yd wi,ajeishka

) bia,dï f,a kElug .re;ajhla" kïnqjla ,ndoS Tjqka iu`. iu.sj Ôj;a ùfï

wjYH;djh wjOdrKh lr kEoEhskaf.ka fjka j isàug oeä úfrdaO;djh olajhs'

kEhska wmf.ka wE;a j Ôj;a jqj;a wm Tjqka iu`. tl;=j yd tluq;=j Ôj;a úh hq;=

nj mkjhs'

) uqia,sfula" ;u foudmshka" ìß|" orejka hk whg muKla iSud fkdù" kEhska yd f,a

nkaOQka iu`. o iïnkaO;d mj;ajd .; hq;=hs' Tjqka iu`. wfkHdkHj <`.ska weiqre

lrñka Woõ Wmldr lrñka Ôj;a úh hq;=hs' fujekakka w¾ydï kñka y÷kajkq

,n;s' fuu moh rySï hk uq,a mofhka ìys jQjls' ryaï hkak .¾NdIh y`.jhs'

.¾Nh iu.ska ujf.ka ,efnk kElu fuhska oelafõ' ryaï hk moh lreKdj"

ohdj" wdorh" fifkyi wdoS woyi f.k fohs' w,a,dya ;u fifkyi t<s lsÍug

;udu ryaudka" rySï hehs y÷kajd .kshs' ta kï fifkyiska we;sjk lsÜgq f,a nkaOQ;djh

fuu.ska oelafõ'

53

) f,a kEhska W¨,a w¾yï hehs y÷kajkq ,n;s' fuu iSudjg újdy ùug iqÿiaika yd

kqiqÿiaika hk fjkialula fkdue;s j" f,a kElñka nkaOQka jk ish,a,ka u tys

we;=<;a fj;ehs lSu fuhska jvd;a iqÿiq woyi fõ'

) budï l=¾;=ì W¨,a w¾yï hk kElu idudkH kElu nj;a" iqúfYaI kElu nj;a

foj¾.hlg fnohs' idudkH kElug bia,dï hk iSudjg we;=<;a ish,a,ka u we;=<;a

h' iqúfYaI kElfuys kEhska jk wh muKla we;=<;a h'

) ld*s¾ jqj o" Tjqka o f,a kElug we;=<;a h' tfyhska W¨,a w¾yï - f,a kElu hkakg

bia,dóh oDIaáh wkqj b;d mq`M,a msßila we;=<;a fj;s'

f,a kElu iq/lSfï jeo.;alu

) f,a kElu iq/lSfï jeo.;alu l=¾wdkh yd iqkakdya u.ska wjOdrKh flf¾'

Tn Tn w;r wjYH oE b,a,d ,nd .kafkah' ;jo w,a,dyag ìfhka f,a kElñka hq;a

nkaOQ;djhg i,lkak' ^4(1&

) fuysoS w,a,dya f,a kElu iq/lSfï jeo.;alu w,a,dyag we;s ne;s ìh iu`. iïnkaO

lr we;'

) w,al=¾wdkfha 17(23 jk wdh;fha fouõmshkag lD;{ùu .ek myod oS 17(26 ys

fufia i|yka lrhs'

nkaOQkag yd u.Skag Tjqkaf.a whs;sjdislï ,nd fokak' Tfí foam< m%udKh blaujd

wksis f,i wmf;a úhoï fkdlrkak' ^17(26&

) w,a,dya kuoskak' lsisjla Tyqj iu fkdlrkak' foudmshkag lD;{ jkak' tfiau

kEoEhskag o" wkd:hskag o" ÿmam;=kag o" wi,ajeis kEoEhskag o" wi,ajeishka jk

wkHhkag o ieuúgu Tn iu`. isák ñ;=rkag o" u.Skag o" Tnf.a md,khg k;=jQjkag

o" ^fifkyiska ia;=;sjka; jkak'& ljfrl= .¾jfhka yd wdvïnrfhka yeisfrhs o

ienúkau w,a,dya Tyqg wleue;af;ah' ^4(36&

_ fuu jdlHfha o foudmshkag Wmldr lsÍfuka wk;=rej f,a kEhskag m%uqL;djh oSu

.ek mejfia'

;jo b;d lsÜgq whf.ka wdrïN fldg l%u l%ufhka ms<sfj<g hd hq;= nj wjOdrKh

flf¾' ;jo bia,dóh iudc jHQyfha oS iEu mqoa.,fhl=u wkqms<sfj<g we;=<;a lrkq

,en we;' m%:ufhka mjqf,a wh o" bkamiq kEhska o" miqj iudcfha isákakka o hehs

fm<.iajd we;'

) f,a kElfï jeo.;alu iqkakdj u.ska úúO whqßka wjOdrKh lrkq ,en we;' kì

î,a& ;=ud ;u m%pdrl lghq;= mgka .;a wjêfha isgu fuh wjOdrKh lr we;' ;u

meñKSfï wruqK .ek myod fok úg" ckhd ;u kEhska iu`. iïnkaO lsÍug;a"

ms<su jkaokdj ke;s lsÍug;a" talSh;ajh wjOdrKh lsÍug;a w,a,dya ud tjd we;'

ûqia,sï&

54

) ys¾l,a rcq fj; meñKs ¥; msßi f.ka ys¾l,a Tnf.a kìjrhd foaYkd lrkafka l=ula

.ek oehs weiQ úg" tu msßi w;r isá wnq iq*aydka fufia lSfõh' keuosh hq;af;a

w,a,dya muKs' wka lsisjla Tyqg iu fkdl< hq;=hs' wmf.a uq;=ka ñ;a;kaf.a u;

w;ayeßh hq;=hs' i,d;h" i;Hh" úkh yd kEhska iu. Ôj;a ùfï W;=ï .=Kdx. fj;

Tyq wm fhduq lrhs hehs lSfõh'

) kEhskag ie,lSu fuu wd.fï ,laIKhls' talSh;ajh" i,d;h iu`. kEoEhskag ie,lSu

wjOdrKh lrkq ,en we;'

) w,a,dya iy f,a kEhska iu`. tluq;=j lghq;= lsÍu hk wx.h w;r mj;sk wfkHdkH

iïnkaOh my; yoSih u.ska fmkajd osh yelsh' kEoEhskaf.a nkaOQ;djh w,a,dyaf.a

w¾Ifha t,af,ñka fufia mjihs' —ud iu`. tlaj lghq;= lrkakd iu`. w,a,dya o

tlaj lghq;= lrhs' udf.ka bj;a j lghq;= lrkakd iu`. w,a,dya bj;a fjhs̃ ' ̂ nqydß&

) f,a kElu iq/lSu ksid m%fhdack /ila w;afõ'

1' iaj¾.h ,efí'

ñksfila kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud fj; meñK w,a,dyaf.a ¥;hdfKks" ud iaj¾.hg msúiSug

i,iajk l%shdjla ug okajkak hehs mejiSh' túg kì î,a& ;=ud Tn w,a,dya

kuoskak' Tyqg lsisjla iu fkdlrkak' i,d;h bgqlr zild;h fokak' ;jo

f,a kEhska iu`. tl;=j isákak hehs mejiqfõh' ^nqydß&

2' Ôú;h oshqKqfõ ¦ oS¾>dhqI ,efí'

ljfrl= ;u wdhqI os.= úh hq;=hs" Ôú; myiqlï jeäúh hq;= hehs i,lhs o Tyq

;u kEhska iu`. tla j lghq;= lr;ajd' ^nqydß& tkï YÍr iqjh;a" imsreKq

is;;a we;s hym;a osúh hkak oS¾>dhqI hkafkka woyia flf¾'

3' Okh jeä fõ'

4' wka whf.a ys;j;alï ,efí'

w,a,dyag ìh ù f,a kEhka iu. tluq;=j Ôj;ajkakdf.a wdhqI oS¾> flf¾' Okh

jeäoshqKq fõ' Tyqg Tyqf.a mjqf,a wh úiska fifkyi olajkq we;' ^wonq,a uq*aroa&

) f,a kElu fkdi,ld yer Ôj;aùu ksid úúO wys;lr M,hka we;s lrkafka h'

1' kElu ì| oeóu mdmS l%shdjls' th w,a,dyaf.a wukdmh" ms<sl=, we;slr lshdudfõ

oS iaj¾. Ôú;h o j<lajhs'

) iaj¾.h wysñ fõ'

) f,a kElu ì|skakd iaj¾.hg msúfikafka ke;' ^nqydß&

2' w,a,dyaf.a odhdohka wysñ fõ'

msßila w;r iïnkaO;d lmdyer Ôj;a jkafkl= isáfha kï" tu msßig w,a,dyaf.a

odhdoh ,efnkafka ke;' ^nhsyls&

55

3' wu,a fkdms<s.efka

ñksiqkaf.a l%shdjka n%yiam;skaod iy i÷od rd;%S ld,j,g w,a,d fj; f.k yer

oelafõ' túg kElu lmdyeßh mqoa.,hdf.a wu,a ms<s.kq fkd,efí' ^nqydß&

4' w,a,dyaf.a o~qju ysñfõ'

mrf,dfjys w,a,dyaf.a o~qjï ysñjk w;r" fuf,dfjys oS o o~qjï ,eîug iqÿiq

jro kElï ì|oud Ôj;a ùu iy wl%ñl;d lsÍuhs' ^wnQodjqoa&

5' w,a,dyaf.a iïnkaO;d ì|S hEu

ljqreka f,a kEhska iu`. tla j lghq;= lrkjd o" Tyq iu`. uu o tla j lghq;=

lrkafkñ' ljqreka f,a kElu ì| oukafka o uu o th ì| oukafkñ' ^wnQodjqoa&

kEhska iu`. ne|S isàu

) kElu mj;ajkakka iu`. muKla fkdj kElu ì| oud lghq;= lrkakka iu`. o

iïnkaO;d mj;ajkakd îeneúka u& kElu iqrlskakd h' ^nqydß&

) kEhska iu`. ne|S lghq;= lsÍfuka Tjqkag Wmldr lr kïnq lsÍu jeo.;a h' m%:ufhka

ujg o" bkamiq mshdg o" thska miqj kEoEhskag o ms<sfj<ska ie<lsh hq;= h'

) kEoEhskag Woõ lsÍfuka fo.=Khl hyM, ysñjkafka h' kEhska wjYH;d we;s wh ù"

wd¾Ól wudrelïj,g Ndckh jQjd kï jeämqr Woõ l< hq;=h' fï ksid w,a,dyaf.a

hyM,h o kEhskaf.a ys;j;alu o w;afõ'

) kEhska iu`. tla j lghq;= lsÍu .ek bíkq wî cïrd fufia mjid we;' yels muK

Tjqkag hym; ie,iSu;a" yels muK Tjqkaf.a ÿla fodïkia bj;a lsÍug Woõ ùu;a"

fuhska woyia flf¾'

) uqia,sï fkdjQj o f,a kElu i,ld lghq;= lsÍu;a" Tjqkag Woõ Wmldr lsÍu;a jeo.;a

h' fuu mjq,g wh;a mqoa.,hska uf.a ys;j;=ka fkdfõ' uf.a ys;j;=ka ljqreka o

h;a" w,a,dya iy hym;a foaj úYajdiSka o jkakdy' tfy;a tu mjqf,a wh iu`. ug

f,a kElula we;' th uu Woõ Wmldr lsÍfuka idrj;a lrñ' hehs kì î,a& ;=ud

mejiQy' ^nqydß&

) krl p¾hdjla jqj o kEhskag Woõ l< hq;=hs' Wu¾ ^r<s& ;=ud ;udg kì î,a& ;=ud

ÿka we÷u ;u uõ md¾Yajfha ifydaorfhl= jQ uqIaßla flfkl=g ÿkay' wnqnlal¾ ̂ r<s&

;ukaf.a kEfhl= jk ñia;dya bíkq w;dod hk ÿmam;a wfhl=g Woõ Wmldr l<y'

tfy;a Tyq wdhsId ^r<s& ;=ñhg wmjdo lrkafkl= úh' tfyhska wnqnlal¾ ^r<s& Woõ

lsÍu k;r l<úg" thg úfrdaOh mdñka w,a,dyaf.a jyS my< úh' ̂ 24( 22& ;u jro

jgyd.;a wnqnlal¾ ^r<s& ;u Woõ lsÍu kej;;a wdrïN lf<ah'

) iEu wjia:djloS u kElu iqrlsñka" iudc Ôú;fha tluq;=lu yd tlai;alu we;sùu

i|yd uqia,sï jEhï l< hq;=hs'

56

wi,ajeishka

) mqoa.,sl" mjq,a Ôú;fha iq/lsh hq;= jeo.;a wx.hla f,i" wi,ajeishkaf.a nkaOq;djh

fõ' bia,dï wi,ajeishka iu`. mj;ajd.; hq;= kE iïnkaOh b;d wêl f,i

wjOdrKh lrhs'

) bia,dóh iudc yd mjq,a jHQyh .ek l;d lrk iQrd ksidys wi,ajdishka .ek fufia

i|yka flf¾'

) w,a,dyag muKla kuoskak' Tyqg lsisjla iu lsÍfuka j<lskak' foudmshkag ia;=;sjka;

jkak' ̂ tfiau& kEoEhskag;a" wkd:hskag;a" ÿmam;=kag;a" wi,ajeis kEhskag;a" msgia;r

wi,ajeishkag;a" îeuúgu& Tn iu`. isák ñ;=rkag;a" .uka hkakkag;a' Tn i;=

jy`Mkag;a ôhdfjka& lD;{;djh olajkak' ljfrl= .¾jfhka yd wdvïnrfhka

yeisfrhs o Tyqg ieneúka u w,a,dyaf.a ohdj ysñ fkdfõ' ^4(36&

) fuu jdlHfha oS Woõ Wmldr lrk f,i wK lsÍul wdldrfhka olajd ;sîu tys

jeo.;alu f.k yer olajhs'

wi,ajeishd hkafkys f;areu

) w,s ̂ r<s& ;=udf.a woyi wkqj wi,ajeishd hkq wmf.a lgy~ wefik ÿrlska isákakka

h' wdhsId ^r<s& ;=ñhf.a woyi wkqj iEu osYdjl u we;s f.j,a 40 wi,ajeishka h'

) idudkHfhka wi,ajeishd hehs mjik úg" uqia,sï" ld*s¾" i;a mqreIhd" wi;amqreIhd"

ñ;=rd" i;=rd" .fï wh" msgia;rhska" hym; i,iajkakd" whym; i,iajkakd" kEoEhd"

kEoEhka fkdjkakd" jeks ish,a,ka u tys we;=<;a h'

) ihshoa iq,hsudka koaú ;=ud wi,ajeishd .ek myod fok úg" uqyïuoa kì î,a&

;=udf.a wd.u wm ksjig wi, isákakdg muKla wi,ajeishd hehs fkdlshhs' ta

fjkqjg w,acd¾ hkq wi, isákakd h' tkï .ukl oS" ;u wi,ska jdä ù isákakd"

mka;sfha tlg bf.k .kakd YsIHhd" l¾udka; Yd,dfõ fyda lfâ oS ;ud iu`. /lshd

lrkakd" i,d;h bgq lsÍfï oS ;ud wi, isg th bgq lrkakd" Tn iu`. uymdf¾

weúoskakd" lvhl oS Tn nvq ñ,oS .kakd úg nvq .kakd mqoa.,hd hk úúO wh

oelaùug fhdod .kS'

wi,ajeishka úúO h'

) kì î,a& ;=ud wi,ajeishka ;=ka wdldrhlehs mejiQy'

m<uq wdldrh - uqIaßla" ̂ iulrkakd& fudyqg wi,ajeishd hk mokñka muKla Woõ

me;Sfï whs;shla we;'

fojk wdldrh - uqia,sï - fudyqg wi,ajeishd hk whs;sh o" uqia,sï hk whs;sh o

we;' fufia fowdldrhl whs;shla we;'

;=kajk wdldrh - kEoE uqia,sï" fudyqg wi,ajeishd" uqia,sï" kEoEhd hkqfjka

whs;sjdislï ;=kls' ûqiakoa&

57

wi,ajeishka iu`. yeisßh hq;= wdldrh (

) .reire j yeisÍu

) ljqreka w,a,dya yd lshdudj ms<s.kS o Tyq ;u wi,ajdishdg .re lr;ajd ^nqydß&

) Tjqkg ;E.s fnda. fokak'

kì î,a& ;=ud mejiQy' uqia,sï ldka;djks" wi,ajeishdg ;E.s oSu .ek iq`Mfldg

fkdi,lkak' th t`Mfjl=f.a l=rhla jqj o lula ke;ehs lSy' ^nqydß&

) wi,ajeishka iu`. hyñka yeisÍu'

kì î,a& ;=ud fufia jod<y' w,a,dyaf.a oDIaáfha ñ;=relu w;ska jvd;a fyd|jkakd

;u ñ;=rka w;r;a jvd;a fyd| mqoa.,hd h' w,a,dyaf.a oDIaáfha jvd;a fyd|

wi,ajeishd ;u wi,ajeishkaf.a hym;au mqoa.,hd jkafka h' ^;s¾ños&

) Wmldr lsÍu yd iemÿla lïlfgd`Mj,g iïnkaO ùu'

) kì î,a& ;=ud jo<y' wi,ajeishdg wm bgql< hq;= hq;=lï jkqfha"

- Tyq frda.S jQ úg Tyq fj; f.dia iqjÿla úuiSu

- Tyq úfhda jQ úg Tyqf.a ckdidfjys iyNd.S ùu'

- Tyq Khla b,aÆ úg yels muKska Woõ lsÍu'

- Tyqf.ka jk w;miqùï jika lsÍu'

- Tyqg hym;la isÿ jQ úg iqn me;Su'

- Tyqg ÿlla we;s jQ úg iekiSu'

- Tyqf.a ksjig iq<x fkdjosk fia Tnf.a ksjfia ì;a;s Wia fkdlsÍu'

- úfYaI lEula ilia l, úg Tyqg o oSug wu;l fkdlrkak' ^;nrdks&

) m%uqL;ajh oSu

- wfhla ;u foam< ksji úl=Kkafka kï" th ñ,oS .kakg ;e;alrk wh w;ßka

m%uqL;djh osh hq;af;a wi,ajeishdg h hehs *slayq lafIa;%fha wIaIq*awd hk fldgi

myod fokafka h'

) wka whf.a wlghq;=lï j,ska wdrlaId lsÍu'

- wi,ajeishkag wka whf.ka ÿlla lrorhla meñKs úg" yels muK iyfhda.h

olajd Tyq wdrlaId lsÍug bosßm;a úh hq;=hs'

) wi,ajeishdg ysxidjla we;s fkdjk fia l%shd lsÍu'

- ljfrl=f.a ysxidj,ska Tyqf.a wi,ajeishd wdrlaIdj fkd,nkafka o" w,a,dya flf¾

osjqrd lshñ" Tyq uq#ñkajrfhla fkdfõ hehs f;jrla osjqrñka kì î,a& ;=ud

mejiQy' ^nqydß&

58

) ;u is;=ú,s jpk" l%shd hk ish,af,ysu wi,ajeishd wdrlaaIdj ,eìh hq;=h'

wi,ajeishdf.a kïnqj" f.!rjh" Tn ndrfha we;s fohla f,i i,ld iqrlaIs; l<

hq;=h'

Tyqf.a wvqmdvqlï fkdfiúhhq;=h' tajd oek.;a; o t<s fkdl< hq;=h' flfkl=

wi,ajeishdf.a foam< fidrlï lsÍu" fjk;a fidrlï oyhlg jvd krl l%shdjls'

^;nrdks& fuys woyi wi,ajeishdg lrk ysxidj yd i,ik whqla;sh jekaklg

o~qju tjeks wmrdO oyhlg fok o~qju jkafka h'

) flfkl= kì î,a& ;=ud fj; meñK" —ia;%shla i,d; bgq lrhs' iõuh rlshs' oka

fohs' tfy;a wehf.a osfjka wi,ajeishkaf.a is;a ßfok wdldrhg l;d lrhs' hehs

mejiQ úg" kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud" weh ksrhg msúfihs˜ hkqfjka mejeiSh' —;j;a ldka;djla

keuÿï yd okamska wvqfjka isÿlrhs' tfy;a wi,ajeishka i;=gg m;a lrhs' ysßyer

fkdlrhs' hkqfjka mejeiQ úg" kì î,a& ;=udKka weh iaj¾.hg msúfihs˜ hkqfjka

mejeiSh' ^nhsylS&

) budï .iaid,s ;=ud ;u byahd WüqoaoSka hk .%ka:fha wi,ajeishdg bgql< hq;= hq;=lï

.ek my; i|yka whqßka olajd we;'

1' wi,ajeishdg i,dï lSu'

2' Tyqg ms<sl=,la fkdjk fia muKg l;d lsÍu'

3' ks;r ks;r iqjÿla úuiSu

4' frda.S jQ úg iqjÿla úuiSu'

5' Tyqf.a ÿflys msysg ùu'

6' urKh jeks isoaêhl oS thg iyNd.S ùu'

7' i;=gqodhl wjia:dj, oS iqnm;d Tyqf.a i;=fgys odhl ùu'

8' Tyqf.a jeros wvqmdvqlïj,g iudùu'

9' Tyqf.a ksjig tî ne,Sfuka je<lS isàu'

10' wm ksjfia wmú;% c,h Tyqf.a ksji bosßfhka yerùfuka je<lSu'

11' l=Kq li, Tyqf.a ksji bosßmsg fkdoeóu

12' Tyqf.a ud¾.hg yria fkdlsÍu

13' Tyq ;u ksjig f.k hk foaj,a .ek fidhd ne,Sfuka je,lSu'

14' Tyqf.a ÿn,;d jika lsÍu'

15' wjYH wjia:dj, Woõ moõ lsÍu'

16' Tyq ke;súg ksji wdrlaId lsÍu

17' Tyqg úreoaOj l:d fkdlsÍu" fla,dï lSfuka je,lSu

18' Tyqf.a f.!rjh yd kïnqj iq/lSu'

19' Tyqf.a orejkag iafkayh oelaùu'

59

20' Tyq wd.ñl oekqu" f,!lsl jHjydr fkdo;a flfkl= kï Tyqg u`. fmkaùu'

) kì î,a& ;=ud mejiQy' —Tnf.a Wreulaldrfhl= f,i m%ldY lrkq we;ehs˜

ìhjk ;rug wi,ajeishd .ek ðíÍ,a ^wff,& ;=ud ug WmfoaYhka ÿkay'

) uqia,sïjrfhla ;u fm!oa.,sl Ôú;fha oS o" mjq,a Ôú;fha oS o bia,dóh

WmfoaYhka ms<smoskafka kï" Tyqg b;d hym;a Ôú;hla f.ùug;a yels jkafka

hehs hkak iy;sl h'


mshjr I ( fm!oa.,sl Ôú;h yd iudc Ôú;h hk fol ii|ñka wdl¾YkSh ye|skaùula

bosßm;a lrkak'

mshjr II ( isiqka lKavdhï y;rlg fnod tla tla lKavdhug my; ud;Dld ,nd oS" ̂ fmd;am;a

yd wka;¾cd,h Tiafia& f;dr;=re /ialsÍug u`. fmkajkak'

lKavdhu 1 - mjq,a Ôú;fha jeo.;alu" újdyh

lKavdhu 2 - ieñhd" ìß|" foudmshka" orejka" j.lSï yd whs;sjdislï

lKavdhu 3 - wi,ajeishka yd kEoEhska

lKavdhu 4 - oslalidoh yd boaod

mshjr III ( /ial< f;dr;=re wod< lr .ksñka idlÉPd lsÍug fhduq lrkak'

mshjr IV( idlÉPd l< lreKq f.dkqlr igyka lr .ekSug fhduq lrkak'

wdY%s; .%ka:

1' *slayq,a bia,dï - {d;Ska yd whs;sjdislï ^2006& bia,dóh wdh;kh" fpkakhs'

2' budï .iaid,s - újdyh ^1958& hqksj¾i,a mí,sflaIka" fpkakhs'

3' ukaiQ¾ tï' ta' tï' ^1993& - újdyh " odre,a w¾lï m%ldYkh" u,ajdk'

4' *hsfrdaia ldka uqyïuoa ^2007&" uKlal=ï uKa jd,ajq" ulal,a fiajhs mosmamyï" fpkakhs'

5' cudöaoSka tï' ta' tï' ^2001&" bia,d;a;s,a l=vqïnúh,a" fpkakdhs mq¾ldka mí,sflaIka

g%iaÜ

6' w,s w,a ydIsñ uqyïuoa ^2007& - wdo¾Yu;a uqia,sï" odre,a yqod" fpkakhs'

7' wóka tï' whs' tï' - bia,dóh mjq,a osúh" w,a yikd;a uqøKd,h" fyïud;.u'

8' róia ta' iS' tï' ^2010&" bia,d;a;s,a l=,kaohs j,¾mq" fld<U" ó,amd¾ffj W!vy fuhshï

60

ksmqK;dj 8'0 ( fm!oa.,sl yd mjq,a Ôú;hg iïnkaO bia,dóh kS;s Í;s yd b.ekaùï

Wf.k ish Ôú;h ilia lr .kshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'2 ( ñksia Ôú;fha uQ,sl wjYH;d jk wdydr" we÷ï me<÷ï yd ksjig

wod< bia,dóh kS;sÍ;s úêúOdk yd w.hhka ms<smoshs'


bf.kqï M, ( ² y,d,a wkq.ukh lr yrdufhka je<lS yeisÍfï jeo.;alu myod

fohs'

² y,d,a" yrdï iSudjka" úêl%u .ek oek ,shhs'

² wdydr" we÷ï" ksfjia ms<sn| bia,dóh foaYkhka jgydf.k Ôú;fha

wkq.ukh lrhs'


² y,d,a yrdï ys jeo.;alu" iSudjka yd úêl%u

IÍwdfjka wjir ,;a ish,a, y,d,a hk mofhys wka;¾.; h' iuyr lreKq Ißwdj

u.ska meyeos<sj u ;ykï lrkq ,en we;' fuu ;yku blaujd lghq;= lrkakka

lshdudfõ oS o~qjug ,la fj;s' iuyr úg fuf,dfjys o Tjqka o~qjug ,la lrkq we;'

fujeks lreKq yrdï hk mofhys wka;¾.;h'

² bia,dufha meñKSug fmr y,d,a yrdï iïnkaOfhka ñksid ;u ufkda wdYdjg wkqj l%shd

l<y' fuysoS wrdì iudcfha ;;a;ajh .ek i,ld ne,Su jà' Tjqka u;ameka mdkh

lsÍu;a" fmd,sh wdydrhg .ekSu;a" ldka;djka ysxid lsÍu;a y,d,a hehs ie,l+y' Tjqkaf.ka

iuyre ;u orejka ÿmam;alu ksid fyda ,eÊcdj ksid urd oeóu mjd y,d,a hehs ie,l+y'

ta w;r w,a,dya wkqu; l< fndfyda mY= iïm;a iy Ok OdkH yrdï hehs ie,l+y'

w,al=¾wdkh Tjqkaf.a fuu widOdrK l%shdj,g úreoaO úh' ^n,kak (6(138-140&

² y,d,a yrdï ks¾Kh lsÍu isf;ys wdYdjkag bia,dï mejrefõ ke;' tajdg wh;a iSud

iy úêl%u th bosßm;a lf<ah'

² y,d,a yrdï iïnkaOfhka bia,dï bosßm;a l< uQ,sl úê lsysmhla fuys oelafõ'

1' uQ,sl jYfhka ish,a, y,d,a h'

w,a,dya ujd we;s øjH m%fhdack ish,a, uQ,sl jYfhka y,d,a jQ tajd h' thska lsisjla

kqiqÿiq nj mjikfka kï ta i|yd idOl w,al=¾wdkfha yd iqkakdfjka bosßm;a l<

hq;=h hk woyi fuu kS;sfhka bosßm;a fõ'

fuu kS;sh bosßm;a lrk bia,dóh úoaj;=ka" fuhg idOl f,i úúO w,al=¾wdka

jdlH bosßm;a lr;s' Tyq ljfrl= o h;a f,dj we;s ish,a, Tn fjkqfjka ueõfõ

Tyqh' ^2(29&

61

wyfia we;s foa yd fmdf<dfõ we;s ish,a, ;u ohdfjka Tng jika lr ÿkafka Tyqh'

;jo mdßndysr jQ o" ie`.jqKq tajd jQ o ish,a, Tyg Tyq iïmQ¾K lr oS we;' hkak o

fudjqka ÿgqfõ keoao @ ^31(20&

fï jpkh wkqj wyfia yd fmdf<dfõ we;s ish,a, ujd we;af;a ñksidg h' Tyqg

wjk; fldg oS we;' Tyqg tajd odhdohka fldg we;' hk woyi bosßm;a flf¾'

tfia kï ñksia hym; i|yd ujkq ,enQ ish,a, ke;fyd;a thska fndfyduhla ;ykï

lrkq ,enQ tajd yrdï jQ tajd jQjd kï" tajd ñksia iudchg my< l< odhdo f,i

i,lkafka flfia o @

tfyhska fuu jpkj,ska y,d,a ys jgh b;d mq`M,a nj meyeos<sh' ñksidf.a hym;

ie,ls,a,g f.k thska iuyrla w,a,dya yrdï f,i olajd we;' y,d,a iu`. ii|k

úg yrdï hehs i|yka lrkq ,eìh yels tajdfhys ixLHdj l=vd h'

uQ,sl jYfhka ish,a, y,d,a h hk fï jdlHh" j;a ms<sfj;a yefrkak wfkla ish,af,ysu

fhÿKs' ñksia l%shdldrlïj,g yd jevlghq;=j,g .e,fmk fia we;' fuys wm

wu;l fkdl< hq;= lreKq folla we;'

1' keuÿug iqÿiaid w,a,dya muKs'

2' w,a,dya fmkajd oS we;s l%u Tiafia muKs Tyq keuosh hq;af;a'

tfyhska w¨;ska keuÿula fyda" iõuh fyda i,jd;h fyda ìys lsÍug lsis flfkl=g

wjir ,nd oS ke;'

ñksia l%shdldrlï iïnkaOfhka" tajd ìyslrkafka;a ñksid h' tfyhska uQ,sl jYfhka

tajd wjir ,;a tajd h' fuhska IÍwdj u.ska ;ykï l< tajd muKla yrdu f,i

i|yka l< yelsh' fláfhka mjikafka kï øjHhla fyda m%fhdackhla fyda ñksia

l%shdldrlula fyda yrdï hehs lshk úg" thg iaÓr jQ idOl bosßm;a l< hq;= h'

ulaksid o h;a" uQ,sl jYfhka ish,a,u y,d,a jkafkah hk woyi fuu yoSih bosßm;a

lrhs'

2' y,d,a lsÍu fyda yrdï lsÍu w,a,dyaf.a taldhk udOHhls'

f,dj ñksid l=uk ;rd;srug m;ajqj o Tyqg lsisjla y,d,a lsÍfï fyda yrdï lsÍfï

whs;sh mjrd oS ke;' ljqreka w,a,dyaf.a fuu whs;sjdislfuys w; ;nkafka o Tyq

;u iSudj blaujQfjl= f,i ie,lsh hq;=hs' tfiau Tyq ms<sfj; wkq.ukh lrkakd"

Tyq keu¥ wh f,i i,lkq ,nhs' Tyqg iujQfjl= ie,l+ wfhl= fkdjkafkah'

tfia fkdue;s w,a,dya wjir fkdÿka tajd wd.u lr.; yels iu lsÍï Tjqkg ;sfí

o@ ^42(21&

w;s ìka ydlsï ̂ r,s& kì ;=ud fj; wdy' bia,duh ms<s.ekSug fmr Tyq l%sia;= Nla;slhl=

jQfhah' w,a,dya yer ;u mdos,sjre yd ;u ikakdisjre o u¾hïf.a mq;%hd jk uiya

o ;u foúhka lr .ks;s' tfy;a tlu foúhd yer wka lsisfjl=g keuosh hq;= hehs

wKlrkq ,en isá;s' Tyq yer wka foúhl= ke;' Tyq Tjqka iulrk tajdhska ndysrj

mdßY=oaOhka h' ^9(31& hk w,al=¾wdka jdlHh Wiqrkq wid isáfhah' w,a,dyaf.a

62

¥;hdfKks" Tjqka mdos,sjrekag yd ikakdisjreka kuoskafka ke;ehs lSh' túg kì

î,a& ;=ud we;a;h' tfy;a Tjqka y,d,a jQ oE tu mdos,sjre yrdï l<y' yrduh

y,d,a l<y' Tjqka o th ms<s.;ay' fuhhs tu ckhd Tjqkag l< keuÿu nj lSy'

^;s¾ños&

uqIaßlskajre w,a,dyaf.a wjirfhka f;drj y,d,a njg m;a lrk yrdï njg m;a

lrk l%shdj isÿlrk l%shdj,sh w,al=¾wdkh úreoaO úh' ^n,kak ( 10(59" 16(115&

fujeks w,al=¾wdka jpkj,ska yd meyeos<s yoSiaj,ska y,d,a yrdï lsÍfï l%shdj w,a,dya

i;= taldhk l%shdj nj budïjre ;SrKhg t<eUqKdy'

budï wnq hqiq*a ;=ud w,al=¾wdkfha lsisÿ myodoSul wjYH;djh rys;j" meyeos<sj

olakg ,efnk wx. yer wfkla tajdhska fuh y,d,a" fuh yrdï hehs ;Skaÿ oSu

ms<sl=,a lrk ;;a;ajhla wmf.a .=rejreka jk úoaj;=ka wm ÿgqfjuq hehs mjik nj

budï Id*sB ;u w,a Wïuq hk .%ka:fha igyka lr we;'

3' y,d,a jQ hula yrdï lsßu;a" yrdï jQ hula y,d,a lsÍu;a w,a,dyag iu lsÍuls'

y,d,a" yrdï lrk yd yrduh" y,d,a lrk l%shdj,sh bia,duh úiska ms<sl=,a flf¾'

w,a,dya mjik nj kì î,a& ;=ud fufia mji;s' uu .e;a;ka mssßisÿ wh f,i ujd

we;af;ñ' Tjqka fj; Ihs;dkajre meñKshy' Ihs;dkajre Tjqka hyu`.ska bj;g

f.k .shy' uu Tjqkag y,d,a l< tajd yrdï l<y' uu lsisÿ idOlhla imhd ke;s

tajd i,ld w,a,dyag iu lrk f,i Tjqkag wK l<y' ûqia,sï&

by; yoSiays Is¾lh yd y,d,a yrdï lsÍu tlg iïnkaO lr úfrdaO;djh m%ldY lr

we;'

uqIaßlskajre w,a,dya wjir kqÿka tajd yrdï lr .ekSu .ek úúO ia:dkj, oeä f,i

úreoaO ù we;' ^n,kak ( 5(103-104" 6(143-144&

my; jdlHj, w,al=¾wdka y,d,a jQ tajd yrdï lsÍu .ek úreoaO fjhs' hula yrdï

lrk ,oafoa l=uk mokñka o hkak woyila f,i bosßm;a lrhs'

^kì ;=uks& w,a,dya ;u .e;a;ka i|yd ,nd oS we;s we÷ï" wdhs;a;ï iy msßisÿ

^Wiia& wdydrh kqiqÿiq tajd njg ;ykï lrkafkda ljqreka o @ hehs úuid" th

fuf,dj osúh flfrys ne÷Kq whg iqÿiq" tfy;a lshdud oskfha oS Tjqkag meñK wh;a

jkafka hehs mjikak' ^7(32&

kì;=uks" Tn mjikak ieneúkau uf.a ysñhd ̂ fkdukd hehs& j<lajd we;af;a ryis.;j

fyda t<smsg lrkq ,nk wjkïnqj f.k fok l%shdjka yd fjk;a mdmS l%shdjka h'

widOdrK f,i ^flfkla wka flfkl= u;& ysxid lsÍu;a" lsisÿ idOlhka fkdue;s

úg w,a,dyag hula iu lsÍu;a h' Tn fkdokakd foa w,a,dyag tfrysj ^fndrejg&

lSu;a h' ^7(33&

ulald ld, mßÉfþofhaoS u y,d,a" yrdï lsÍug;a" yrdï" y,d,a lsÍug;a úreoaOj

w,al=¾wdkh woyia olajd ;sîfuka tu l%shdfõ nrm;,lu ukdj jgyd fokafkah'

63

uoSkdfõ oS iuyr uqia,sïjre oeä Ôjk l%uhla wkq.ukh lsÍug bosßm;a jQ úg"

y,d,a jQ foa ;ukg yrdï lr .ekSug bosßm;a jQ úg" w,al=¾wdka thg úreoaO úh'

^n,kak' 5(87-88&

fuu kS;sh ,ndf.k we;af;a by; jdlH j,ska h'

4' yrdï lr we;af;a whym;a tajd h'

ish,a, uejQ foúhkag ;ud leue;s fohla y,d,a lsÍug fyda yrdï lsÍug whs;shla

we;' tfy;a Tyq tfia ;u whs;sjdislu fhdod ke;' hula y,d,a lrkúg fyda

yrdï lrk úg i,ld n,d we;af;a ñksidf.a hym;h'

W!re uia yrdï l< úg th ms<sl=,a iy.;h hkak yer wka lsisÿ fya;=jla tod

uqia,sïjreka oek isáfha ke;' kùk úoHdj tys we;s wk;=reodhS ;;a;ajh .ek wo

wmj oekqj;a lrhs' tfiau Ydmh f.k fok wx. ;=klska je<lS isákakehs mjid

we;'

1' c,dYj, u,my lsÍu'

2' uydud¾.h ueo u,my lsÍu

3' fijk fok .iahg u,my lsÍu

hehs kì î,a& ;=ud mejiQ wjia:dfõ oS tajd ukqIH iajNdjh" idudkHfhka ms<sl=,a

lrk lreKq nj muKs tod uqia,sïjre oek isáfha' tfy;a fuu l%shd frda. fndaùu

flfrys m%Odk idOl jk nj wo fidhd oekf.k we;'

fláfhka mjikafka kï" hula yrdï hehs bia,dï mjid ;snqfKa kï" thg idOdrK

jQ fya;=jla ;sfnkafkauh' tys o lsishï ydkshla ;sfnk nj wu;l l< fkdyelsh'

5' yrdï jQ tajd fjkqjg m%fhdackhg .; yels tajd y,d,a ys we;=<;a h'

bia,dï ñksia hym; ie,ls,a,g .kakd wd.u jkafkah' th ieuúgu jEhï lrkqfha

ñksia Ôú;h myiq lsÍug h' ñksia Ôú; wmyiqjg m;a lrk woyila tys ke;'

tfyhska hula yrdï lrkúg th fjkqjg fhdod.; yels hula bosßm;a lsÍug bia,dï

miqng jQfha ke;' WodyrK f,i lreKq lSmhla my; oelafõ'

) fmd,sh yrdï h' fjf<|du y,d,a h'

) iQÿ l%Svdj yrdï h' hym;a l%Svd lghq;= y,d,a h'

) mrodr fiajkh" iu ,sx.sl yeisÍu yrdï" újdyh y,d,a h'

) u;ameka yrdï" wfkl=;a îu j¾. y,d,a

64

6' yrduhg fya;=jk tajd yrdï h

bia,duh hula ;ykï lrk úg thg u.mdok ish,a, ;ykï lrkafkah' WodyrK

f,i mrodr fiajkh ;ykï l< bia,dï thg fya;=jk ish¨ ud¾. ;ykï lf<ah' ta

wkqj wka msßñka iu`. ;ksj isàu" iSud rys; .eyeKq yd msßñ weiqre lsÍu" isref¾

fldgia m%o¾Ykh lsÍu" ,sx.sl Ñ;%mg yd PdhdrEm" my;a ye`.Sï wjqiaik l;dkaor"

.dhkd wdosh o ;ykï lr we;'

yrdufha fhfokakkag ysñjk wl=i,h thg iydh olajk ish,a,kagu w;afõh hk

woyia th Tjqka iydhjk wdldrh wkqj" w;afõh hk woyi fuu kS;sh n,j;a

lrhs' WodyrK f,i fmd,sh yrdï l< bia,dï" th f.jkakd" th ,nkakd" th

igyka lrkakd hk ish,a,kag Ydm lr we;' tkï yrduhg iydhjk ish¨ l%shdjka

yrdï jkafkah' yrduhg Woõ Wmldr lrk ish¨ fokdu tu mdmS l%shdfõ odhlhkauh'

7' lmá f,i yrdïys fhoSu o yrdï h'

yrduhg u.mdok Rcq l%shd ish,a, bia,dï ;ykï lrhs' tfiau yrduhla lsÍu

i|yd jl%j fhfokakd jQ ish¨ l%shd th ;ykï lrhs'

we;af;kau uf.a iudcfha tla fldgila u;amek y,d,a f,i i,l;s' tys ku fjk;a

kulska th y÷kaj;s' ^wyuoa&

ñksiqkag hq.hla Wod fjhs' túg fjf<|dfï kñka Tjqka fmd,sh y,d,a f,i i,l;a'

^bldi;=,a,ya *dka&

wo f,dalfya b;d my;a kegqu l,djla hk kñka Wkkaÿ flf¾' fmd,sh Ndú;h hk

kñka fhdod .ks;s' yrdï jQ hul ku fjkia lsÍfuka th y,d,a jkafka ke;'

8' fyd| fÉ;kdj yrdu idOdrKSlrKh fkdlrhs'

uqia,sïjrfhla bgqlrk ́ kEu l%shdjla Tyqf.a hym;a fÉ;kdj ksid keuÿula jkafkah'

thg wod< wruqK fld;rï Wiia jqj;a" msßisÿ jqj;a" fuu lreKq yrdï jQjla f,i

ie,fla' tys wruqK fyd| ksid th y,d,a jkafka ke;'

wruqK hym;a jkjdfiau thg <`.djk ud¾.h o hym;a úh hq;=h hk woyi bia,dï

bosßm;a lrhs' wfhla fmd,sh fyda w,a,ia ,nd .ekSfuka fyda iQÿ l%Svdfjka fyda yrdï

jQ fjf<|dulska fyda uqo,a Wmhd th fhdod uiaðohla boslf<a kï" Tyqf.a tu fyd|

wruqK Tyqf.a lghq;a; y,d,a lrkafka ke;' ulaksid o h;a bia,dufha ;ykï l<

tajd iïnkaOfhka hym;a fÉ;kdj tajd y,d,a njg m;a lrkafka ke;' fuu woyi

ikd: lrk yoSia /ila we;'

ljfrl= yrduh u.ska uqo,a yïnlr miqj okamska lrkafka o" thska Tyqg w;ajk

hym;la ke;' Tyqg ,efnkafka tys mdmhhs' ^bíkq l=ihsud&

9' yrduhg fhduq úh yelsh hk ìfhka iel lghq;= lreKqj,ska je<lS isàu'

bia,dufha y,d,a fuka u yrdï o ukdj meyeos<sh' tfiau yrdï o hkak iel

lghq;a;la jk tajd o we;' meyeos<sj yrdï jQ lreKlska wdrlaId ùu i|yd iel

65

lghq;= lreKqj,ska wE;a j isàu" wdrlaIs; ùu kñ' thg idOl f,i my; yoSih

msysghs' y,d,a o meyeos<sh' yrdï o meyeos<sh' tfy;a fï fol w;r we;s iel

lghq;= mõj,ska je,lS isákakd" újD; mdmS l%shdj,ska o je<lS isákafkau h' iel

lghq;= mdmS l%shdj, fhfokakd újD; mõj, fhoSug fnfyúka u wjia:djla we;'

mõ hkq w,a,dya úiska ;ykï l< fldgila h' ;ykï fkdlrk ,o m%foaY wi, W,d

lk .jhd ;ykï l< m%foaYhg we;=¨ùug fnfyúka u wjldY we;' ^nqydß&

10' yrdï ish,a,kag u yrdï h'

bia,dï hula yrdï hehs mjik úg" ish,a,kagu th yrdï jkafkah' wrdîkag y,d,a

jQ o" wcñhg yrdï jQ lsisjla ke;' ke;fyd;a iqÿ cd;slhdg y,d,a jQo" l¨ cd;slhdg

yrdï jQ o lsisjla bia,dufha ke;' md,lhd o" md,kh lrkq ,nkakka o" W.;=ka o"

kQ.;=ka o" uy ckhd o" ish,a,ka u bia,dóh IÍwdj bosßfha iudk h' y,d,a ish,a,kag

u y,d,a jk w;r yrdï ish,a,kagu yrdï jkafka h'

Wod ( l< wh ljqreka jqj o" ldf.ka fidrlï lrk ,oaola jqj o" fydrlu yrdï

h' fidrlï l< ;eke;a;d ljqre jqj o Tyq o~qjï ,eìh hq;af;auh'

kì ̂ i,a& ;=udf.a my; m%ldYkfhka fuh ;yjqre jkafkah' w,a,dya u; osjqrd lshñ'

uqyïuoaf.a ÿj *d;a;sud fidrlï l< o wehf.a oE;a uu is|,ñ' ^nqydß&

11' n,lsÍu ;ykï l< hula j,x.= lrkafka h'

yrdï iïnkaOfhka b;du oeä j l%shdlrk bia,dï ñksidf.a hym; fkdi,ld

yeßfha ke;' ñksid ;udj úkdY fõ hk nfhka wdrlaId lr .ekSug n,lrkq

,nk wjia:dfõ oS ;ykï l< fohla lsÍug th wjir oS we;'

w,al=¾wdkh u< foaj,a" f,a" W!re uia" w,a,dya fkdjk hul=f.a ku lshd oõya lrk

,o foaj,a yrdï hehs lS miq o lsishï mqoa.,fhl=g fujeks hula wdydr jYfhka

.eksfï n,mEug ,la jQjd kï" mjq lsÍfï woyi fkdue;sj o" iSudj fkdblaujd th

wyrg .ekSu jrola fkdfõ' ieneúkau w,a,dya iudjkakd o" lreKdjka;hd o

jkafka h' ^2(173& w,al=¾wdkfha ia:dk y;rl yrdï jQ wdydr .ek i|yka lsÍfuka

miqj fuu woyi bosßm;a flf¾'

fuu jpk wkqj n,mEug ,la jQ mqoa.,fhl=g ;ykï l< wdydrh wkqNj l< yelsh'

ta i|yd Tyq ms<smeosh hq;= fldkafoais folls'

1' ;ykï l< oE wkqNj lsÍu ;=,ska i;=gla n,dfmdfrd;a;=jkafkla fyda th wruqKla

lr .kafkla fkdúh hq;=h'

2' wjYH m%udKhg jvd wdydrhg fkd.; hq;=hs'

y,d,a" yrdï hk lreK bia,dï flfia ilia lf<a o" tu lreK flfrys fld;rï

Wkkaÿjla olajkafka o hkak wm fuf;la i,ld neÆ úê l%u wkqj jgyd .; yelsh'

66

² y,d,a yrdï lreK w;ska bia,dufha fuu u.fmkaùu wm iqrlsk úg" úúO m%fhdack

,nd.; yels h' ke;fyd;a nrm;, úmdl we;s fõ' thska iuyrla my; fldgiska

i,ld n,uq'

1' m%d¾:kd wkqu; fkdùu'

w,a,dya mdßY=oaOhd h' Tyq ms<s.kafka msßisÿ tajd h' Tyq ;u ¥;jrekag wK lrk

tajdu ;u .e;a;kag o wK lrkafkah' ;jo w,a,dya mjihs' —¥;jreKs" msßisÿ wdydr

wkqNj fldg hyl%shdj, fhfokak'˜ ^23(53&

;jo w,a,dya mejiqfõh' —úYajdijka;hsks" wm Tng ,ndÿka msßisÿ y,d,a jQ wdydrhu

wkqNj lrkak'˜ ^7(10& hehs mejiQ kì î,a& ;=ud ñksfil= .ek i|yka l<y' Tyq

oS¾> .ukl fhoS ¥ú,s .EjqKq we÷ï iys;j l#ndjg msúi oE;a Tijd uf.a

rlaIs;hdfKks" uf.a rlaIs;hdfKks hehs m%d¾:kd lrhs' tfy;a Tyqf.a wdydr mdkdosh

o" we÷ï me<÷ï o yrdï jQ tajd h' Tyq fmdaIKh jkqfha uq`Mukska u yrdï j,ska h'

fujeks flfkl=f.a m%d¾:kdj ms<s.kq ,nkafka flfia o @ ûqia,sï&

2' hy l%shd ms<s.kq fkd,eîu

ljfrl= yrdï jQ whqßka Okh /iafldg miqj mskaoyï lrkafka o" tksid Tyqg isÿjk

lsisÿ hym;la ke;' Tyqg ,efnkafka tys mjh' ^bíkq l=ihsud&

3' hym; yd whym; fnod oelSfï yelshdj fkd,eîu

úYajdijka;hsks" Tn w,a,dyag i;H jkafka kï Tng Tyq i;Hh yd wi;Hh fnod

oelSfï oekqu ,nd fokafka h' ^8(29&

4' iaj¾.hg msúiSfï Nd.Hh fkd,eîu

.e;af;la yrdï jQ l%ufhka Okh yïn lr thska mska oyï lf<a kï" th ms<s.kq

fkd,nkafka h' ;ud fjkqfjka yd ;u ksjeishka fjkqfjka thska úhoï lf<a kï

thska nrl;a we;s fkdjkafkah' th b;sßlr Tyq uf<a kï Tyqf.a ksrfha .ukg

mlaIj th mj;S' w,a,dya wl=i,hla wlai,hla u.ska úkdY lrhs' tla wmsßisÿ

fohla ;j;a wmsßisÿ fohlska ke;s jkafka ke;' ^ñIald;a&

yrdï" y,d,a lreKq mrf,dj oskfha ch mrdch ;SrKh lrk nrm;, lreKls'

fuh jegyS thg wod< jákdlu ysñ lsÍu wjYH h'

wdydr yd iïnkaO bia,dóh yeisÍï rgd

² ukqIHhkaf.a fi!LHhg jeo.;a uQ,dOdrhla f,i wdydr mj;S' ñksid wdydrhg .kakd

wyr .e,fmk wyrla jQjd kï Ôú; lghq;= bgq lsÍug th myiqjla jkq we;' fuhg

fjkia wdldrhg ñksfila nqoaêhg fyda isrerg fyda Ôú;hg fyda ydks isÿlrk wdydr

j¾. ñksid wkqNj lrk úg" Ôú; ld¾hh bgq lsÍug th ndOdjla jkafkah'

fuu mokñka i,ld n,k úg" ñksid wkqNj lrk wdydrh" Tyqf.a f,!lsl ld¾hhkag

Woõjla jk nj meyeos<sh' ñksid wkqNj lrk wdydrhg;a' Tyqf.a f,!lsl"wdOHd;añl

Ôú;hg;a" oekqug;a" w;r oeä nkaOq;djhla ;sfnk ksid bia,dï fï iïnkaOfhka

jeo.;alula ,nd fokafkah' l=¾wdka yoSih WmfoaYhka fuh ;yjqre lrkafka h'

67

—úYajdijka;hska wm Tng ,ndÿka tajdfhka yd msßisÿ tajdhska wkqNj lrkak'˜ ^2(172&

ieneúkau w,a,dya mdßY=oaOhdh' Tyq ms<s.kafka mdßY=oaO tajdh' riQ,ajrekag wK l<

tajdh' Tyq úYajdijka;hkag;a" mkjkafka' tkï ¥;hdfKks" msßisÿ wdydrj,ska u Tn

wkqNj lrkak' hy l%shdj, fhfokak' ^23(51&

² y,d,a jQ wdydr fidhdn,d ,nd.ekSu iEu uqia,sïjrfhl=f.a u hq;=lu jkafkah' ̂ ;nrdks&

yrdï jQ wdydrfhka fmdaIKh ,enQ lsisÿ isrerla iaj¾.hg msúfikafka ke;' thg iqÿiq

ia:dkh ksrh jkafka h' ^;nrdks'&

² úYajdijka;fhks" u;amek;a" iQÿj;a" ms<su jkaokdj;a" fy,a,h úo lrk id;a;r weiSu;a"

Ihs;dkaf.a ms<sl=,a iy.; l%shdjkau jkafkah' fuhska uq̀Mukska u bj;a j lghq;= lrkak'

^5(90&

² wdydrh uqia,sful=f.a f,!lsl" wdOHd;añl" oekqu iïnkaO lghq;= iu`. flfia ne|S

mj;S o hkak;a" th fld;rï ÿrg n,mEï we;s lrkafka o hkak;a by; i|yka w,al=¾wdka

iqkakd foaYkhka u.ska jgyd fokafkah'

wdydr wkqNj lsÍfï oS bia,dï olajd we;s ms<sfj;a ms<smeoSu

² wdydr j¾. w;r yrdï lrk ,o tajd my; i|yka ud;Dld hgf;a j¾. l< yelsh'

1' uia udxY w;r yrdï lrk ,o tajd u< i;=ka" f,a" W!rkaf.a udxY" úêu;a j onya

fkdlrk ,o i;=ka" fn,a, ysrù u, i;=ka" myr ld u, i;=ka" Wi ;ekl isg ìug

jeà uefrk tajd" wka i;=kaf.a wxj,ska wek urkq ,nk i;=ka" ì,s fok ia:dkj,

lmkq ,nk i;=ka" ;ykï l< mlaISkaf.a udxY fï ms<sn| j l=¾wdkh fufia mjihs'

bfíu u, i;=ka" f,a" W!re uia iy w,a,dya fkdjk whf.a ku lshd onya lrk ,o

i;=ka" fn,a, ñßlSfuka yd myr lEfuka u,jqka" Wil isg ìu jeà u,jqka" wxj,ska

weK myr oS urk ,oaodjQ i;=ka" Tng ;ykï lrk ,o tajdh' tfy;a ^wjir ,;a

tajdhska& l=ula Tn ̂ mKmsáka oel úêu;a j& lmk ,oafoa o th yer" th Tng wkqNj

l< yelsh' hehs w,al=¾wdka mjihs' ^5(3&

kì î,a& ;=ud kmqre le,E i;=ka w;r" W,a o;a iys; i;=kaf.a udxY o" mlaISka w;r

W,a ksh iys; mlaISkaf.a uia o fkdlk f,i j<lajd we;' ^nqydß& Wod( isxyhd"

fldáhd" jDlhd" Wl=iaid" niaid" rdcd,shd

c,a,d,d ys uia lEu o" tajdfha ke. .uka hEu o kì î,a& ;=ud ;ykï l<y'

c,a,d,d hkq fmdÿfõ wdydr i|yd wjir fokq ,enQ yd isref¾ ÿ¾.| .ik f;la

ks;r li, ld Ôj;ajk" Tgqjd" t`Mjd" yrla" l=l=,a" ;drdjd jeks i;=ka yd mlaISka

i|yka flf¾'

2' Ydl w;ßka yrdï jQ tajd" ñksidf.a nqoaêhg;a" isrerg;a" ydkslr Ydlj¾." WodyrK

f,i ÿïfld<" .xcd" ksh`.,d w, jeks tajd'

68

3' ;ykï l< bmehSfï l%uj,ska ,o tajd'

Wod ( ñkqï lsreï jxpd u.ska" ñY% lsÍu" i`.jd ;eîu" fmd<sh" iQÿj" w,a,i" fidrlu"

u;aøjH fjf<|du" yrdï jQ /lshdj,ska bmehQ uqo,a" ;ykï l< lDIsl%u fyda bmehSu

jeks tajd oelaúh yelsh'

w,a,dya fjf<|dug wjir oS fmd,sh ;ykï lf<ah'

yrdï jQ wdydr wkqNj lsÍu ksid w;ajk ydks iy y,d,a jQ wdydr wkqNj lsÍu ksid

,efnk m%fhdack (

y,d,a yrdï

1' wdOHd;añl Ôú;h oeä fõ' 1' wdOHd;añl Ôú;hg ydks meñfKa'

2' keuÿula ù hym; isÿfõ' 2' mdmhla ù o~qju ,efí'

3' is; m%Ndu;a fõ' 3' is; w÷re fõ'

4' keuÿï Ndr.kS' 4' keuÿï yd m%d¾:kd wkqu; fkdfõ'

5' iaj¾.hg msúiSfï jdikdj ysñfõ' 5' ksrhg msúfihs'

6' iemj;a Ôú;hla ysñ fõ' 6' iemj;a Ôú;hla wysñ fõ'

7' Ôú;h iekis,sodhl yd ;Dma;su;a 7' Ôú;fha le<Uqkq iajNdjh;a"

tlla fõ' w;Dma;slr ;;a;ajh;a my< fõ'

8' mska jeäfõ' 8' mõ jeä fõ'

9' iudc Ôú;h iekis,sodhl fõ' 9' iudc Ôú;fha .eg¨ we;s fõ'

10' oekqu j¾Okh ùu;a" f,dalh .ek 10' fudvlu;a" f,!lsl wdYdj;a

ne|Sula ke;slula we;s fõ' jeä fõ'

we÷ïj,g wod< bia,dóh úêl%u

² uqia,sïjrfhl=f.a fmkqu;a" we÷u;a ,iaik jQ;a" l%uj;a jQ;a" f.!rjkSh jQ;a" tlla úh

hq;=h hehs bia,dï leue;af;ah' w,al=¾wdkfha oDIaáh wkqj we÷ï we|Sfï wruqKq folls'

isrer yd ksrej; jeiSu" fmkqu w,xldr lsÍu wdoshhs' my; jdlH u.ska th ikd:

flf¾'

wdoïf.a mq;kqjks" ieneúkau Tnf.a ú,sh jid.; yels we÷ï wdhs;a;ï Tng ,nd oS

we;af;uq' ^7(26&

² we÷fï fuu wruqKq fkdi,ld fkdyeßh hq;= h hk woyi iy;sl lsÍu i|yd

w,al=¾wdkfha tu mßÉfþofhau msysgd we;s my; jdlH msysgkafkah'

wdoïf.a orejks" flfia Ihs;dka Tnf.a foudmshka iaj¾.fhka msgux lf<a o" ;jo

Tjqkaf.a ú,sh ksrdjrKh l< hq;=hehs Tjqkaf.a we÷ï bj;a lf<ao" tfia kej;;a Tyq

Tnj jHdl+,;ajhg ,la fkdlr;ajd' ^7(27&

wdoïf.a orejks" keuÿfuys fhfok iEu ia:dkhlu Tnj we÷ïj,ska irid .kak'

^7(31&

69

² w,xldrhg yd hym;a ndysr fmkqu flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrk bia,dï" thg mokï

jk msßisÿlu flfrys o wjOdkh fhduq lrhs' th my; yoSia u.ska ;yjqre flf¾'

kì î,a& ;=ud" wmsßisÿ we÷ï we| isá mqoa.,fhla ÿgqy' ;u we÷ï fidaod .ekSug

lsisjla Tyqg fkd,enqKd oehs t;=ud úuiQy' ^wnQ odjqoa&

ñksid hym;a fmkqfuka yd msßisÿ jQ o ;u f.!rjhg iqÿiq jQ o we÷fuka ieriS fmkS

isàu bia,dï leue;af;ah' fuu woyi ;yjqre lrk yoSia o we;'

wfhla idudkH we÷fuka ieriS kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud neyeoelSug meñKsfhah' Tn i;= Okhla

fõoehs t;=ud mqoa.,hdf.ka úuiQy' mqoa.,hd Tõ hehs lSh' l=uk j¾.fha foam, Tn

i;=fõo@ t;=ud kej; m%Yak l<y' ishü wdldrfha iïm;a w,a,dya ug ,nd oS we;ehs

tu mqoa.,hd mejiSh' thg kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud w,a,dya Tng iïm;a ,nd oS Tng f.!rj lr

we;af;ah' tys ,laIK Tn ;=,ska u;= ùug leue;af;ah hs mejiQy' ^nqydß&

² cqïwdj i|yd me<| hdug wu;r we÷ï folla ;nd .ekSfuka lsisÿ jrola ke;'

² we÷ï iïnkaOfhka msßñkag yd ldka;djkag hï hï iSud mkjd we;' msßñ iïnkaOfhka

kï" fo wdldrhl we÷ï wdhs;a;ï bia,dï Tjqkg ;ykï lr we;'

1' r;arka wdNrK me<|Su

2' msßisÿ fiaoj,ska hq;a we÷ï we|Su

² w,s ̂ r<s& ;=ud fufia mejiQy' kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud mg fros ;u ol=K;g .;ay' r;a;rka ;u

ju;g .kak' miqj fï fol uf.a iudcfha msßñkag ;ykï tajd hehs mejiQy' ^wyauoa&

² Wu¾ ̂ r<s& ;=ud fufia mjihs' mg fros fkdw|skak' ljfrl= mg fros w|skafka o Tyq u;=

osúfha oS fuh w|skafka ke; hehs kì î,a& ;=ud lshkq uu wid we;af;ñ' ^nqydß&

² jrla kì î,a& ;=ud mqoa.,fhla ;u we`.s,sj, rka uqoaola we| ;sfnkq ÿgqy' th t;=ud

.,jd úis l<y' Tnf.ka wfhla .sks fj; f.dia th ;u wf;ys me<| .kakjd o @ hehs

weiQy' kì î,a& ;=ud t;ekska neyerg .sh miq Tnf.a uqoao .kak' thska m%fhdackhla

,nd .kak hehs Tyqg mjik ,oS' túg tu mqoa.,hd w,a,dya fj; osõrñ' w,a,dyaf.a

¥;hdu úis lr miq uu th kej; fkd.ksñ hs mejiSh' ûqia,sï&

r;arka uqoao fukau r;arka mEka fyda r;arka Trf,daiq Ndú;d lsÍu;a msßñkag ;ykïh'

² tfy;a msßñkag ßoS uqoaola me<|Sug wjir we;' kì î,a& ;=ud ßosfhka ;ekQ uqoaola

.;ay' th o t;=udf.a wf;ys úh' miqj wnqnlal¾ ^r,s& ;=udf.a wf;ys úh' thska miq

th Wu¾ ^r,s& ;=udf.a wf;ys olakg ,enqKs' bkamiq wÍia hk <sf|ys jefgk f;la"

Wiaudka ^r,s& ;=udf.a wf;ys olakg ,enqKs' ^nqydß&

² fmdÿfõ ldka;djka iqkaor foaj,g leu;s whhs' ta ksid Tjqkag rka yd mg ;ykï jQfha

ke;' tfy;a rka yd ßoS WmlrK Ndck Ndú;d lsÍug msßñkag fuka u ldka;djkag o

wjir oS ke;'

² ldka;djkaf.a we÷u iïnkaOfhka .;aúg th flfia úh hq;=oehs bia,dï iSud mkjd

we;'

70

1' msg; oelsh yels fldgia f,i olajd we;s isref¾ fldgia yer wfkla fldgia jid.;

yels wdldrfhka we÷u meje;sh hq;=h'

kì;=uks" úYajdijka; ldka;djkag mjikak' Tjqka ;u ne,au my;a lr .kakg;a"

;u m;sj; /l .ekSug;a" ;u rE Y%sfhka msg; fmkSug wjir we;s fldgia yer

b;sß fldgia msg; fkdfmksh hq;= hehs mjihs' ̂ 24(31& msg; fmfkk hkq je<elaúh

fkdyels wksjd¾hfhka msg; fmfkk YÍr fldgia jkafka h hkak uiaW!oa ^r<s&

;=udf.a myodoSu jkafkah' fuu myodoSu wkqj ldka;dj uq`Mukska u ish isrer jeish

hq;=h' wehf.a uq`M isreru wõr;h jkafkah' tfyhska wef.a isref¾ lsisÿ fldgila

msg; fkdfmksh hq;=h' msg; fmksh yels hkq uqyqK yd oE; jkafkah hehs bíkq Wu¾

^r,s& myod fo;s' fndfyda bia,dóh úoaj;=ka o woyia lrkafka fuhhs' fï wkqj

ldka;djf.a uqyqK yd oE;a yer isref¾ b;sß fldgia ish,a, jid.; hq;= h'

2' wjqr;h msg; fkdfmfkk whqßka we÷u fkdmej;sh hq;=h'

fomsßila ksrfha yssñlrejka h' Tjqkg uu idlaIshla fkdfjñ' Tjqkaf.ka msßila

yrla j,s.h fuka jQ li w;e;sj isá;s' Tjqka thska ñksiqka fm<;s' wfkla msßi

we÷ï wekao o ksrej;ska isák ldka;djkah' Tjqka jeros ud¾.fha hk w;r wka wh o

jeros ud¾.fha fhduq lr;s' Tjqkaf.a ysia Tgqjkaf.a fif,jk fud,a,s fuka fjhs'

fujeks wh iaj¾.hg msúfikafka ke;' tys iqj|j;a Tjqkg <`.djkafka ke;' ̂ uqia,sï&

we÷ï wekao o ksrej;ska isákakka hkafkka woyia jkafka" Tjqkaf.a we÷u isrer

wdjrKh lrk l%shdj ksis mßos bgq fkdlrhs hkakh' tajd b;d ÿyq`M fros ksid isref¾

w,xldrh msg;g fmfkkafka h hkak h'

jrla ukd,shla wdhsId ^r<s& ;=ñh fj; le|jdf.k tkq ,enqjdh' weh ÿyq`M i`Mjla

fmdrjdf.k isáhdh' th ÿgq wdhsId ^r<s& ;=ñh tu ldka;dj kq¾ kï mßÉfþoh

úYajdi fkdlrk nj lSjdh' ^;*ais¾" l=¾;=ì&

YÍr fldgiaj, m%udKh w,xldrh" rEmY%Sh fmkajk whqßka we÷ï fkdielish hq;=h'

tkï" we÷u ;o we÷ula fkdúh hq;=h' ÿyq¨ we÷ï fuka u ;o we÷ï o ye`.Sï

wjqiaik iq`Mh' tfyhska fufia w|sk ldka;djka o we÷ï we|f.k ksrej;ska isák

ldka;djka yd iudk h'

3' th msßñka i|yd fjka jQ we÷ula fkdúh hq;=h' ulaksid o h;a ldka;djkaf.a we÷ï

w|sk msßñka o" msßñkaf.a we÷ï w|sk ldka;djka o kì;=ud Ydm lr we;a;dy'

4' we÷u iq.kaO .e,ajQjla fkdúh hq;=h' ldka;djlg ksjfia isák úg tkï uyarïjreka

bosßfha isák úg iq.kaO .,ajdf.k isàug wjir we;' tfy;a ksjiska neyerjk

úg iq.kaO .,ajdf.k hEug wehg wjir ke;'

ldka;djla iq.kaO .,ajdf.k ;udj Tjqka ne,sh hq;=h hk woyiska msßila bosßfhka

hkafka kï weh .Ksldjla jkakSh' weh flfrys rd.S ye`.Sfuka n,k iEu wfhlau

weh ¥IKh lrkafkah hehs kì î,a& ;=ud jod<y' ^kidB&

71

5' wdvïnrlu yd ;u m%isoaêh t<slrkakla f,i we÷u fkdúh hq;=h' we÷u yd wdydr

hk folgu bia,dï mkjk fmdÿ fldkafoais folls' wmf;a heùu je,elaùu"

wdvïnrlu je<elaùu hkak tajd h' iudcfha jvd m%p,s; we÷u we|Sfuka je,lS

isàu fuhg Woõ jkafkah' kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud" ljfrl= m%p,s; we÷ï w|skafka o" w,a,dya

Tyqj u;= Ôú;fha oS b;d my;a we\qï wkaojkafka h hehs mejiQy' ^wyauoa&

we÷u u; ckhd ñksiqkaf.a ;rd;sru w.h lr;s' tfyhska wm .ek wka wh jeros

jegySï .ekSug wm wjia:dj fkdosh hq;=h' wfhl= bíkq ^r<s& ;=ud fj; meñK uu

f;dard.; hq;af;a l=uk we÷ï oehs jquiQy' túg fudavhka Tn foi n,d iskd fkdfik

nqoaêu;=ka Tnj fy,d fkdolsk we÷u Tn we|sh hq;= hehs lSy' ^;nrdks&

² msßñhdf.a we÷ïj,g o fldkafoais we;' tajd fufia h (

1' wõr;h wdjrKh lrk whqßka ùu' msßñhdf.a oKysi isg fmlKsh olajd jQ fldgia

wõr;h f,i ie,fla'

2' ldka;djkaf.au we÷ula fkdùu'

3' wdvïnrlu olajk we÷ula fkdùu'

4' ;=kS we÷ula fkdùu'

ksfjia Ôú;h yd iïnkaO bia,dóh ms<sfj;a

² ñksia iudc ieleiafuys ksjfia odhl;ajh iqúfYaI h hk woyi bia,dï orkafkah'

tfyhska th ksjig iqúfYaI ;;a;ajhla yd ;rd;srula ,nd oS we;' w,a,dya ksfjia"

Tng iekis,a, f.k fok ia:dk njg m;a lr we;' ^16(80&

ksji iekiqu" wdrlaIdj" iduh" wdorh wdosfha neïula o" hy l%shdj, yd W;a;u

.=Kdx.j, jdiia:dkh f,i" iudchg wjYH W.;=ka yd mß;Hd.YS,Ska ìyslrk

wdh;khla f,i msysáh hq;=hehs bia,dï n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafkah'

ksji fujeks ld¾hhka bgq l< hq;= kï" tys fN!;sl ieleiau" fN!;sl mßirh" wOHd;añl

mßirh yd tys idudðlhkaf.a j.lSu wdosfhys wod< wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu wjYH fohls'

² ksjfia fN!;sl msysàu yd tys mßirh

1' ksji wjYH;djhg iß,k mßos úYd, tlla ùu" lreKq y;rla jdikdj f.k fok

tajd h' tajd ( fyd| Nd¾hdjla" úYd, ksji" hym;a wi,ajeishka yd fyd| jdykh

hkdoshhs' ^kidB&

2' ksji msßisÿj ;nd .ekSu ( tla yoSihl kì î,a& ;=ud" Tnf.a ksjfia ñÿ, msßisÿj

;nd .kak hehs mjid we;' ^;s¾ños&

3' ksjfia w,xldrh yd ms<sfjf,ys ie,ls,su;a ùu' kì;=uks" Tn úuikak' w,a,dya

;u .e;a;kag t<slr oS we;s w,xldrh yd wdydr j¾.j, msßisÿlu j<lajkafkda

ljqreka o @ ^7(32&

72

4' ksjfia mßirh ndysr mßirh msßisÿj ;nd .ekSu'

uqia,sïjrfhla j.d lrkafka h' ke;fyd;a .ia isgqjkafkah' thska mlaISka" i;=ka fyda

ñksiqka hula wyrg .kafka kï th tu ñksidf.a odkudkhla jkafka h' ûqia,sï&

Ndú; lrk ,Snvq WmlrK" Ndck" wka nvq ndysrdosh" bia,dóh iSudjkag we;=<;a

ùu" rka ßoS Ndckj, wdydrmdk .ekSu" wdudYfha ksrfha .skak /ia lrkafkah'

ûqia,sï&

² fN!;sl msysàu yd mßirh muKla fyd| mjq,l ksjila ìysùug fya;=jkafka ke;'

tfyhska fyd| ksjila we;s lsÍu i|yd bia,dï ;j;a lreKq /ila f.k yer olajkafkah'

1' újdyh i|yd iyldrhd$iyldßh f;aÍfï oS" hym;a .=Kdx.j,g yd Budkh

uQ,sl;ajh oS we;' wd.ug ,eos ldka;djka ysñlr .kak' ke;fyd;a isÿjkafka uy

úkdYhhs' ^nqydß&

2' ieñhd iy ìß| Tjqfkdjqka fj; we;s j.lSï bgq lsÍu'

3' foudmshka" orejka flfrys we;s ;u j.lSu ksis mßos bgq lsÍu'

4' orejka" foudmshka flfrys we;s ;u hq;=lu bgq lsÍu'

5' mjqf,a kEhska w;r iqyo iïnkaO;djhla mj;ajd .ekSu'

6' wi,ajeishkaf.a whs;sjdislï .ek i,ld lghq;= lsÍu' ðíß,a ̂ wff,& ;=ud wi,ajeishka

iu`. iqyo;ajh /l .kakd f,i os.ska os.gu n,lrñka isáhy' th fld;rï ù o

h;a wi,ajeishd miq Wreulaldrhl= lrkq ,nkafkafodaha uu is;kakg ùñ' ^nqydß&

7' wuq;a;kaf.a whs;sjdislï iq/lSu'

w,a,dya flfrys iy mrf,dj osúh flfrys úYajdih ;nd we;s wh ;u wuq;a;kag

fyd|ska i,l;ajd' ûqia,sï&

8' ksjfia ish¨ lghq;=j,oS u bia,dóh l%uh wkq.ukh lsÍu' BudkaOdÍks" Tnf.a

ol=K; whs;slr.;a wh o" Tn w;r isák ksis jhig m;a fkdjQ orejka o" wjia:d

;=kl oS Tnf.ka wjirh ,nd.; hq;= h' ^24(58&

² ksji bia,dóh pdß;% jdß;% wkqj mj;ajdf.k hEug tys" wOHd;añl mßirh fnfyúka

WmldÍ jkafkah' tfyhska tu wOHd;añl mßirh /l .; yels whqßka mshjrj,a

wksjd¾hfhkau .; hq;=h' thg my; mshjr .; yelsh'

1' miafõ,a i,d;h cudw;a f,i bgq lsÍug wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu'

wfhl= uiaðoh yd lsÜgq iïnkaO;djhla mj;ajkafka kï Tyqg Budka we;ehs hkakg

Tn idlaIshla jkak' ^ys,ahd&

2' ksjfia iqkak;a i,d; bgq lsÍu'

Tnf.a iqkak;a i,d;aj,ska lsysmhla fyda ksjfia oS bgq lrkak' tajd Tnf.a ñkSj,

njg m;a fkdlrkak' ûqia,sï&

73

wfhl=g w,a,dya odhdo ysñ lr;ajd' Tyq rd;%sfha kskafoka wjosj i,d;h bgq lrkafka

h' ;u ìßh o ke`.sgqjkafkah' weh ke`.sàug m%;slafIam lrk úg wef.a uqyqfKa

j;=r biskafkah' ldka;djg o w,a,dya odhdo ysñ lr;ajd' weh rd;%sfha kskafoka ke.sg

i,d;h bgq lrkakSh' miqj ;u ieñhd o ke.sg jkakSh' Tyq ke.sàu m%;slafIam

lrk úg" Tyqf.a uqyqfKys j;=r biskakS h' ^wnq odjqoa&

3' ksjfia w,al=¾wdkh mqreoaola f,i WiqÍu' Tnf.a ksfjia ñkS j,j,a fkdlrkak' iqrd

w,a nlrd Wiqrk ksjiska Ihs;dka m,d hkafkah' ûqia,sï&

4' w,a,dya .ek isys lrjk isoaëka ôsla¾" nhdka" ;Êùo mka;s& wdosh ,eyeia;s lsÍu'

w,a,dya u;la lrk ksjig WodyrKh mK we;s mqoa.,hd h' w,a,dya u;la fkdlrk

ksjig WodyrKh u< mqoa.,fhl=h' ûqia,sï&

² by; i|yka iEu lreKla flfrysu wjOdkh fhduq lrk úgh ksjila uqia,sï ksjila

jkafka'


mshjr 1 ( ñksia Ôú;fha uQ,sl wjYH;d ms<sn| bia,dóh foaYk ieflúka úia;r lrkak'

mshjr 2 ( isiqka lKavdhï 3lg fnokak'

1' y,d,a " yrdï úê l%u

2' wdydr" we÷ï ms<sn| iSud

3' bia,dóh ksfjia ms<sn| foaYkd

wdoS ud;Dld hgf;a f;dr;=re /ialsÍug fhduq lrkak'

mshjr 3 ( tla tla lKavdu /ial< f;dr;=re mka;sfha bosßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

mshjr 4 ( Tjqka /ial< f;dr;=re fmdf;ys igyka lr .ekSug fhduq lrkak'

wdY%s; .%ka:

1' uõ,dkd có,a wya,ka koaú " kì;=udf.a Ôú;h" bia,dóh g%iaÜ wdh;kh" fpkakhs'

2' w.d¾ uqyïuoa ta'iS' ^1996& " i;a O¾u kS;s myod oSu' w,a l,ï uqøKd,h

3' ukaiQ¾ tia' tï' ^2000& bia,dóh ldka;d we÷u" fkdf,aÊ uqøKd,h" udoïfma

4' uq;yays¾ uq¾;,d ^1996&" bia,dóh yscdí" bia,dóh fiajd ixúOdkh" fld<U'

74

ksmqK;dj 9'0 ( iudÔh Ôú;h yd iïnkaO bia,dóh kS;sÍ;S yd WmfoaY oek ta

wkqj ish Ôú;h ilia lr .kS'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'1 ( bia,dufha iudc Ôú;hg ,nd oS we;s jeo.;alu jgyd f.k iudchSh

hq;=lï bgq lrhs'


bf.kqï M, ( ² bia,duh iudÔh Ôú;h i|yd jQ u.fmkaùula hkak f;areï f.k

wka whg f.kyer olajhs'

² bia,dóh iudc ieleiafuys iqúfYaIS;ajh wfkl=;a iudcj,

ieleiau yd ii|d meyeos<s lrhs'

² uqia,sïjrfhl= w,a,dyaf.a ksfhdað;hd f,i o" iudcfha ksfhdað;hd

f,i o isg flfia fiajh l< yels o hkak y÷kdf.k foaYk

mj;ajhs'


iudÔh Ôú;fha jeo.;alu

² fmdÿfõ ck iuQyhla iudchla f,i y÷kaj;s' tfy;a iudchla hkak thg jvd .eUqre

jQ o" mq`M,a jQ o f;areula we;a;ls' iudch hkak ishü wdldrhka ys iïnkaO;d wvx.=

jQjls' th ;ks mqoa.,hska w;r we;sjkakd jQ iïnkaO;d" ye`.Sï" yeoshdjka yd iudÔh

nkaOk hkak y÷kajk nj iudc úoHd{hska i|yka lr;s' fuu iïnkaO;d wd.u"

NdIdj" m%foaYh" cd;sh iu. iïnkaOúh yelsh' tfia;a fkdue;skï /lshd iïnkaOj

o úh yelsh'

² ;j;a wdldrhlg mjikafka kï" iudch hkak úYd, lKavdhula f,i i|yka l<

yelsh' tys ;ks mqoa.,fhl=f.a Ôú;hg wjYH mqyqKqj" m<mqreoao Tyq ,nd.kafka h'

th ´kEu kElula fyda tfia;a ke;skï fmdÿ wNsjDoaêhla Wfoid tlaùula fõ' Tjqka

w;r tlsfkl .e,fmk iudk woyia o olakg ,efí'

² iudch ;ks mqoa.,hskaf.a tlaùula f,i ie,l=jfyd;a" ;ks mqoa.,hska iudch ks¾udKh

lrhs' tfia;a ke;skï iudch ;ks mqoa.,hskaj ks¾udKh lrhs' tkï ;ks mqoa.,hd

iudcfha o" iudch ;ks mqoa.,hdf.ka o n,mEug ,la flfrhs' msßñfhl= .eyeKshl

újdy lr .kshs' Tjqka fofokdf.ka mjq,la we;sfjhs' mjq,a fndfydauhla cd;sfhka fyda

NdIdfjka fyda wd.fuka fyda uQ,O¾uhkaf.ka fyda /lshdfjka fyda tla ù iïnkaO jk

úg iudchla we;s fõ' WodyrKhla f,i hqfoõ iudch" fou< iudch" l%sia;shdks

iudch" hkak ks¾udKh fõ' iudcjdoS iudch" lDIsld¾ñl iudch f,i ye|skaùu

i|yka l< yel' flfia fj;;a" hï iudchlska ;ks mqoa.,hska ks¾udKh fj;s' tu ;ks

mqoa.,hska fmkqfuka muKla fkdj Ñka;kfhka" Ôjk l%ufhka yd ixialD;sh hkafkka

tla fj;s' hï iudchla tys ixialD;sh" tys ìys jQ ;ks mqoa.,hska yryd wfkla mrïmrdjg

,nd fo;s' tfia;a fkdue;s kï iEu ;ks mqoa.,fhla u ;uka Ôj;a jkakd jQ iudcfha

ksfhdað;fhla f,i l%shd lrhs' tneúka ;ks mqoa., iudc in|;djhka YÍrfha

wjhjj,g;a" f.dvke.s,a,l .,aj,g;a kì î,a& ;=udKka Wmud lr i|yka l<y'

75

² ñksid iudchla f,i Ôj;a ùu i,ld" iudc úoHd{hska Tyqj iudc i;a;ajhd hehs

bosßm;a lr;s' bia,duh ñksidj i;a;ajhl= f,i ms<sfkd.kS' Tyqj w,a,dyaf.a ksfhdað;hd

hehs Wiia lr i|yka lrhs' ñksid iajNdjfhka u tla ù Ôj;a fjhs' th m%;slafIam l<

fkdyel' — w,a,dya ñksidg l:d lsÍug b.ekaùh'˜ ^55(2& hehs w,al=¾wdkh i|yka

lrhs' ñksidg l;d lsÍfï yelshdj ,ndoSu u.ska Tyqj tla j Ôj;a ùug bvyeÍ h'

l:dj m%Odku ikaksfõok udOHh fjhs'

² iEu Ôúfhl=g fuka u ñksidg o wjYH;d we;af;a h' m%{dj we;af;l= ùu wkqj o

w,a,dyaf.a ksfhdað;hd ùu wkqj o ñksidf.a wjYH;djhka iSud rys; h' ta ishü

wjYH;d ñksidg ;ksj isg ,nd.; fkdyel' thg wka whf.a Woõ wjYH h' l=i.skak"

msmdih yd ,sx.sl wdYd jeks YdÍßl wjYH;d ;sìh yelsh' wdorh" wdrlaIdj" .re

lsÍu jeks ufkda úoHd;aul wjYH;djhka úh yelsh' l=ula jqj;a ñksid tla j Ôj;a ù

wka wh yd iyfhda.fhka Ôjk ie,eiaula ks¾udKh lsÍu yryd iudÔh ixialD;shla

t<solajhs' ñksid tla j Ôj;a ùu u.ska f,dfjys ixialD;Ska yd YsIagdpdrhka jeks oE

ìysfjhs'

² kì î,a& ;=udf.a iSrdfjka wm fuh bf.k .kafkuq' t;=uka t;=udf.a ulald Ôú;

ld,h ;=< oS ;ks mqoa.,hska j ks¾udKh lf<ah' uoSkd Ôú; ld,h ;=< oS tu ;ks

mqoa.,hska fhdodf.k iudchla ks¾udKh lf<ah' ;ks mqoa.,hska tla lsÍu u.ska muKla

iudchla ksßudKh fkdfjhs' Tjqka fj; fmdÿ îudk& ,laIK olakg ,eìh hq;=hs'

Tjqkag tlsfkl iïnkaO lrkakd jQ kdhl;ajhla ;sìh hq;= fõ' Tjqkag iajdëkj l%shd

l< yels m%foaYhla ;sìh hq;=hs' uoSkdfjys fï y;ru ,enqKq fyhska iudchla ks¾udKh

lsÍug yelsúh'

² kì ̂ i,a& ;=udfKda tu iudch ie,iqï iys;j f.dvke`.+y' uoSkd ckhd yuq jQ wjia:dfõ

m<uq wlnd m%;s{dfjka —wm w,a,dyag lsis;a iu fkdlrkafkuq" fidrlï fkdlrkafkuq"

wYS,dpdr l%shdj, ksr; fkdfjuq" mrïmrdfõ mqoa.,hska urd fkdouuq" t;=ud yß hehs

m%ldY l< foa ms<smeoSfuka fkdje<fluq ˜ hehs osõrEy' fuh jeros l%shdj,ska f;dr jQ

iudchla ks¾udKfha wä;d,u f,i mej;sK' bka miqj uqiawí bíkq Wffu¾ ^r<s&

;=udj uoSkdjg hjd bia,duh m%pdrh l< úg m%foaYfha jd;djrKh o ksÍlaIKh lrjQy'

fuh tu m%foaYfha úYaf,aIKhla f,i mej;sKs' fojk wlnd m%;s{dfjys oS kì î,a&

;=udKkaj wdrlaId lsÍfï iy;slh ,nd .;af;a h' fuh kdhl;ajh wdrlaId lsÍula

f,i mj;shs' ysÊr;a .sh miq uiaðoa knúh ks¾udKh lr iudch tla lsÍula f,i o"

hqfoõjka iu. .súiqula we;s lsÍu" iajdëk m%foaYhla ,nd .ekSfï W;aidyhla f,i

mej;=Kq nj o lsj yelsh'

² kì î,a& ;=ud ie,iqï iy.; j iudchla ks¾udKh lsÍu ksÍlaIKh l< úg iudc

Ôjkfha jeo.;alu ;jÿrg;a meyeos<s fõ' ;ks mqoa.,fhl=f.a Ñka;kfhka we;s jQ

woyia" Tyq ;=<u /|S ;snqKfyd;a fojeks mqoa.,fhl=g oek.; fkdyels kï" tu woyi

Tyq;a iu`.u úhelS hhs' bia,duh f,dal wjika oskh olajd mej;sh hq;= kï mqoa.,hl=

u; /|S fkdmej;" iudcfha we,S mej;sh hq;=h hkak kì ;=udKka oek isáhy' f,dal

wjidkh olajd mej;sh hq;= Ôjk ie,eiaula iudchla ;=<ska u bosßm;a l< hq;= neúka

iudchla ìys lsÍfï W;aidyfhys wdikak jYfhka jir oyhla muK jeh l<y' fuh

iudcfha jeo.;alu f.k yer olajhs'

76

² tla uqia,sïjrfhl= ;j;a uqia,sïjrfhl=g levm;la h hk yoSihg wkqj bia,dóh Ôjk

l%ufhys we;sjkakd jQ miqnEï" ÿ¾j,ùï yd wvqmdvq ksjeros lsÍu i|yd wjia:dj oiudc

Ôú;h yryd u ,efnhs' kì î,a& ;=udf.a wmj;a ùfuka miqj iudcfha we;s jQ w¾nqo

i|yd úi÷ï o" frda.S ;;a;aj i|yd ksjdrKh o yd wenE¾;= msrùï o fkdfhl=;a

mqoa.,hska ;ksju o" tlaj o bgql< bÊ;sydoa b;sydih fuh ;jÿrg;a iaÓr lrhs'

bia,dóh iudc jHQyfha úfYaIdx.hka

² bia,dóh iudc jHQyh laIKslj we;s jQjla fyda ld,h;a iu`.u ìys ù j¾Okh jQjla

fyda fkdfõ' th w,a,dyaf.a yd Tyqf.a ¥;hd úiska ie,iqï iy.; j f.dvk.k ,oaola

fõ' tneúka wfkl=;a iudc jHQyhkaf.ka fjkia fjhs' bia,duh iudc jHQyh fjkqfjka

u mokï lsysmhla ks¾udKh lr we;' tys uQ,sl moku ;õySoa fõ'

² iuyreka iudc jHQyfha úfYaI ,laIKj,g Budka" ksoyi" iudkd;au;djh" ifydaor;ajh"

hqla;sh" iduQysl j.lSu yd kdhl;ajh hkak i|yka lr;s' ;j;a iuyreka ifydaor;ajh"

iudkd;au;djh" iudc idOdrK;ajh" iduQysl j.lSu yd kdhl;ajh hkak i|yka lr;s'

fïjd ;ks ;ksj fjkalr oelajQj o tlla wfklla iu`. tlg tl f.;S mj;S' ish¨

fokdu ifydaorjreka f,i i,ld l%shd lrk úg" Tjqka ish¨ fokdju iudkj i,lkq

,n;s' tys Wiamy;a njla we;s fkdfõ' iudkd;au;djhla mj;sk úg kS;sh o

kshudldrfhka l%shd;aul fõ' iudcfha tla fldgilg iudj o" ;j;a fldgilg o~qjï

o ,nd fok úksYaphhka ys fjkialï tys fkdmj;skq we;' Tjqka iEu fokdu iduQysl

j.lSulska hq;=j l%shd;aul fj;s' fujeks iudc ;;a;ajhla úkh .rel kdhl;ajhla

we;s iudchl muKla olakg yels h'

² iudc ieliqfuys úfYaIdx. f,i ;j;a lsysmhla f.kyer oelaúh yelsh' bia,duh

w,a,dya yd ñksid w;r jQ iïnkaO;djh n,j;a lsÍfï wdOHd;añl O¾uhla muKla

fkdj ñksiqka w;r jQ iïnkaO;djhka iaÓr lrkakd jQ o Ôjk l%uhla o fjhs' funeúka

th bndo;hkays oS yd wfkl=;a lghq;=j, oS iudch flakaøfldg l%shd;aul fjñka mj;S'

² bia,dufhys b.ekaùï ;ks mqoa.,hskaj ie,lSfuka f;drj iudch i,ldu bosßm;a lrhs'

w,al=¾wdkh" ckhsks" —úYajdijka;hsks˜ hehs wduka;%Kh lsÍu u.ska .=KO¾uhka yd

l%ufõohka bosßm;a lrhs' bia,dóh bndo;hkaf.ka jeo.;a tajd iduQyslj bgql< hq;=

nj úOdkh lrhs' jkaokh" Wmjdih" ild;a" yÊ" hk y;ru iuQy l%shd f,i bgq fõ'

jkaokh i|yd jQ mQ¾j iQodku yd l%ufõohka fuhg iqÿiq jQ WodyrK f,i ie,lsh

yelsh' th ckhdj uiaðoh fj; le|jhs' widka lSu i|yd uqwiaiska" foaYkd lsÍu

i|yd l;Sí" i,d;h bgqlsÍu i|yd budï b.ekaùug uqw,a,sï hk fndfyda fofkl=f.a

iyfhda.h thg wjYH fõ' fudjqkaj ìyslsÍu iudcfha fufyhhs' Tjqkag N+ñfhys

md,kh ,ndÿkfyd;a jkaokh ls%hdjg kxjkq we;ehs ^22(94& w,al=¾wdkh f.k yer

oelaùu ie,lsh hq;= h'

² uqia,sï iudch wlSodj mokï fldg we;' bndo;hka u.ska th msú;=re njg m;a lrhs'

meyeos<s jQ bia,dóh Ñka;kh thg u. fmkajhs' bia,dóh Ñka;kh th l%shd;aul

lrjhs' IÍwdj yd bia,dóh w.hka tys n,meje;afjhs' Y+rd hk idlÉPdj tys iqúfYaIS

ia:dkhla orhs' ;ks mqoa., Ôú;h iïnkaO úIhhka fyda" mjq,a yd iudc úIhhka fyda

iïnkaO lreKq o" foaYmd,k úIhhka fyda tu iudcfha Y+rd u.ska ;SrKh lrkq ,efí'

77

² th ifydaor;aj iudchla" iudcfha tla tla idudðlfhl=u wfkla idudðlfhl=g wdorh

olajñka yeisfrhs' wfkHdkH Wmldrhka lr .ks;s' ;u wjYH;djhg jvd wka whf.a

wjYH;dj,g m%uqL;ajh fohs' l=i,a we;a;d jQ lreKqj,oS o" ;lajdys o Wmldr lr

.ks;s' wfkHdkH lreKdj olaj;s' wdorh olaj;s' iduQysl j.lSfuka l%shd;aul fj;s'

wfkHdkH ;Hd.hka ,ndoSu u.ska iudch j¾Okh lr .ks;s'

² uqia,sï iuQyhgu iqúfYaIS jQ ,laIK olakg ,efí' funeúka th fkdfhl=;a iqúfYaIS

kHdhkaf.ka wduka;%Kh lrkq ,efí' th o#jd iudchla" hym; mekùu;a" whym;

je<elaùu;a ckhdj w,a,dya fj; le|ùu;a tys m%Odk ld¾hhka fõ'

² th uOHia: ̂ hqla;s iy.;& iudchla fõ' ́ kEu l%shdjl oSu th w;s wka;jdoS ia:djrhla

fkd.kS' wdidjka uev mj;ajd ;mia Ôú;hlg fhduq lf<a o ke;' ;u wdYdjkag

wjk; ù iSudj blaujd l%shd lsÍug o fkdlshhs' ñksia iajNdjhka ms<sf.k tajd ú|Sug

wjia:dj ,nd fohs'

² th wruqKla we;a;d jQ iudchls' w,a,dyaf.a ;Dma;sh ,nd iaj¾.h ,nd .ekSu tys

wruqKhs' tneúka iaj¾.h <`.d lr .ekSfï ud¾.hka foaYkd lrhs' ksrhg hk ud¾.hka

jid ouhs'

² th l=¾wdkSh iudchls' w,al=¾wdkh tu iudchg u. fmkajhs' th foaj;aj iudchls'

jyS thg u. fmkajhs' th ukqIH;ajfha iudchls' ñksidj Tyqf.a Ôú;h flakaø

fldgf.k l%shd lrhs' th úkS; iudchls' úkS; nj jemsÍu yd fmdaIKh tys ,laIKhla

fõ' ud hy.=Khka iïmQ¾K lsÍu i|yd tjk ,oafoa hehs kì ̂ i,a& ;=udKka mjid we;'

th wka;¾cd;sl iudchls' thg rgla" cd;shla" NdIdjla yd meyehla jeks fjkialï

olakg ke;' tys b.ekaùï fmdÿ h'

² fuf,i uqia,sï iudchg wdfõKsl jQ iïm%odhka we;' tajd iyNdjrekaf.a ld,fha mgka

mrïmrdfjka mrïmrdjg /f.k hñka mj;S' tu iudch bIdjg fmr kskaog fkdhhs'

iqnyaj,g miqj ksodfkd.kshs' l,g fõ,djg kskaog hhs' WoEiku wjos fjhs' tys

mqreI" ia;%S ñY%ùï olakg ke;' uyarïjre muKla ñY%j isá;s' wÊkî jQjka hï

iSudjka iys;j muKla l%shd lr;s' .uka hEfï oS yd f.or kej;S isàfï oS o fïjdg

wjk; fj;s' wkdpdrfha yeisÍug ,xfkdjkak hk w,al=¾wdkSh ud¾.h l%shd;aul

flfrhs' wdydr .ekSu" jia;% me<|Su" ksjdi ;ekSu" W;aij meje;aùu yd .;s mej;=ï

m%uqL l%shdj, tu iïm%odhhka wkq.ukh flfrñka mj;S'

² ir, nj" yrdï y,d,a /lSu" {d;Skag ie,lSu" i,duh me;srùu" wi,ajdiSkag Woõ

lsÍu" ;Hd.YS,S j lghq;= lsÍu" iudch ÿn, ckhdj uqojd .ekSu hk f,i tu iudch

fmdaIKh lrkq ,efí' YÍrfha wjhjj,g Wmud lsÍu l%shdjg kxjkq ,efí'

78

ifydaor;ajh

² bia,dóh ifydaor;ajh m%;sm;a;s yd iïnkaO jQjls' wm iefjdu wdoïf.a mrïmrdfõ

orejka h hk úYajdikSh m%;sm;a;sh tla uqia,sïjrfhl= ;j;a uqia,sïjrfhl=f.a

ifydaorfhl=h hk w,al=¾wdkfha yd iqkakdyafõ ksYaphka fuh ikd: lrhs'

² tla uqia,sïjrfhl= ;j;a uqia,sïjrfhl=f.a ifydaorhd fjhs' Tyq wfkldg wmrdOhla

fkdlrhs' ̂ wmrdOldrhskag& Tyqg Ndr fkdlrhs' ljqreka ;u ifydaorhdf.a wjYH;djhka

ie,ls,a,g .kafka o Tyqf.a wjYH;djhka w,a,dya ie,ls,a,g .kS' ljqreka

uqia,sïjrfhl=f.a lrorhla bj;a lrhso" Tyqf.a lrorj,ska tlla w,a,dya ûrKska u;=

osúfhos oS& úi|hs' ljqreka uqia,sïjrfhl=f.a wvqmdvqjla jix lrhso" w,a,dya urKska

u;= osúfhys oS Tyqf.a wvqmdvqjla jix lrkq we;' ^nqydß&

² ;j;a yoSihl" Tyq ;j;a uqia,sïjrfhl=g jxpd fkdrlrkq we;' fndre fkdlshkq we;'

Woõ fkdlr w;afkdyßkq we;' uqia,sïjrfhl=g ;j;a uqia,sïjrfhl=f.a .re;ajh"

jia;=j yd reêrh ;ykï lr we;' ñksfil= ;u uqia,sï ifydaorhdj my;afldg ie,lSuu

Tyq krl mqoa.,fhl= hehs lSug iEfya' ^;s¾ños& ;uka leu;s foau ;u ifydaorhdg o

leu;s fkdjk;dla l,a Tnf.ka ljfrl= fyda BudkaOdßhl= fkdjkq we; ^nqydß&

² tneúka" tu ifydaor;ajh" j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd tla uqia,sïjrhl= ;j;a uqia,sïjrhl=g

bgql< hq;= j.lSï yhla ms<sn| j kì ;=udKka wjOdrKh lr we;a;dy' yuq jQ úg

i,dï lshkq uekú' fNdack ix.%yhlg wdrdOkd l<fyd;a tys iyNd.S jkq uekú'

Wmfoia n,dfmdfrd;a;= jqjfyd;a WmfoaYhka ,nd fokq uekú' lsúiqï yer w,ayïÿ,a,dya

hehs lSúg ^h¾yuq l,a,dya hehs& ms<s;=re fokq uekú' wikSm jqjfyd;a iqjÿla úuikq

uekú' urKhg m;ajqjfyd;a ckdidj msgqmiska hkq uekú hehs b;d ir, f,i" tfy;a

ifydaor;ajh n,j;a lsÍug yels l%ufõohka fmkajd ÿkafkdah' ild;a" iold yd ys*;a

hkak o ifydaor;ajh j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd jQ ud¾.hka f,i olakg ,efí'

tfy;a bia,duh reêr iïnkaO;d u; jQ ifydaor;ajh m%;slafIam fkdlrhs' reêr

iïnkaO;d .rel< hq;=nj th n,lrkjd muKla fkdj th ì| oeóu ms<sn| j wk;=re

w`.jhs'

iudkd;au;djh

² wdpd¾h yuQod bíÿ,a w;S uy;d iudkd;au;djh hk jpkhg f;areï ,ndfok úg" tu

jpkh tlla ;j tlla fuka tlu wdldrh .kS hk woyi yer" w,a,dya bosßfha ish¨

fokdu iudkhs hk woyi .;hq;= hehs mjihs' ñksiqka ndysr fmkqfuka tlu wdldrhlg

isáh o yelshdjka" iqÿiqlï" leue;a; yd wleue;a; jekafkys fjkia ùu iajNdúl fõ'

fïjdhska lsisjla flfkl=f.ka ;j flfklaj Wiia fkdlrkq we;ehs mjik Tyq" ñksia

iuQyfha fuu fjkialï flfklaj ;j flfkl=f.ka Wiia fkdlrkq we;ehs mjihs'

wdpd¾h yuqodf.a woyi my; wdldrhg úia;r lrkq ,efí' ñksid tla rgl tla

ujlf.a l=fiys Wmkafkl= fkdfõ' tlu wdldrfha mßirhl Ôj;a jkafkl= o fkdfõ'

Tyq fkdfhl=;a rgj,aj, fkdfhla WIaK;aj uÜgï we;s m%foaYj, fkdfhla wdldrfha

/lshd lr ;u Ôjfkdamdh .; lr;s' tneúka" Tjqka w;r cd;s" j¾K" NdId yd j¾.

79

fjkialï mej;Su iajdNdúl h' ta iu`.u iajdNdúlj u mj;skakd jQ YdÍßl iajNdjhka"

nqoaêh yd yelshdjka jekafkka Wia my;a hk fjkialï we;s lsÍu m%;slafIam l<

fkdyelsh' fïjdhska lsisjla ñksid is;+ wdldrhg fkdmsysghs' i;Hh fufia ;sìh oS

tajdfhys mokñka ñksidj fjkalr ne,Su iudj osh fkdyels je/oaols'

² bia,duh ,nd fokakd jQ iudkd;au;djh my; olajkakd jQ mokï wvx.= jQ tajd nj

ksÍlaIKh l< yelsh'

1' ñksiqka ish¨ fokdju w;s W;a;u w,a,dya u ueõfõh'

2' ñksiqka ish,af,dau wdoï - yõjd fofokdf.a orejka h'

3' w,a,dya ish¨ ueùulg u idOdrKj yd hqla;s iy.;j i,lhs' Tyq lsisu cd;shlg

ysi kukakl= fkdfjhs' ish,a, Tyqf.a ueùï' Tyqf.a wdêm;Hh hgf;a we;a;ka

Tyqg wh;a jQjka h'

4' ´kEu ñksfil= bmfok úg fyda urKhg m;ajk úg fyda lsis fohla /f.k tkakka

fyda /f.k hkakka fyda fkdfj;s' tu wdldrhg iudkd;au;djhla we;a;jqka h'

5' w,a,dya ñksiqkaj Tjqkf.a l%shdldrlï wkqj ksYaph lrhs'

6' w,a,dya ñksidg ñksfil= f,i Wiia f.!rjhla ,nd oS we;' Tyq wfkl=;a ueùïj,g

jvd Wiia jQfjla" w,xldr jQfjla" Wia my;alï ke;af;la

² w,al=¾wdkh yd iqkakdyaj bia,dufha iudkd;au;d moku b;d meyeos<sj u bosßm;a

lrhs' —ckhks" ksYaph jYfhka u wm Tn,dj tla msßñfhl=f.ka yd tla ia;%shlf.ka

ueõfjuq'˜ ^49(13& hehs m%ldY lr iudkd;au;djfha moku w,al=¾wdkh f.k yer

olajhs' fuh kì î,a& ;=udf.a yÊc;=,a úod foaYkdj ;jÿrg;a f.kyer olajhs' —

ckhsks" Tnf.a foúhka talfhls' Tnf.a wdos mshd wdoï h' Tn ish,af,dau wdoïf.a

mrïmrdj fõ' wdoï miaj,ska ujk ,oafoa h' oek.kak' wrdì cd;slhl= wrdì

fkdjkafkl= u; fyda wrdì fkdjkafkl= wrdì cd;slhl= u; fyda" iqÿ cd;slhl= l`M

cd;slhl= u; fyda l`M cd;slhl= iqÿ cd;slhl= u; fyda fjk;a ́ kEu wdldrhl .re;ajhla

fyda úfYaI;ajhla fyda fkdue;' ksYaph jYfhka u Tnf.ka Wiia jkakd w,a,dya u;

wêl nh ^;lajd& we;af;ls˜ hehs i|yka lf<dah'

² wnQo¾ ^r<s& ;=ud" ì,d,a ^r<s& ;=ud foi n,d l`M cd;sl mq;= f,i wduka;%Kh l< úg"

;ju;a" cdys,shah;h bj;a jQfha ke;ehs kì ̂ i,a& ;ud ;rfha lshd isáhy' fuh Y%jKh

l< wnQo¾ ^r<s& ;=udKka" ì,d,a;=uKs" ug iudjqj uekú" Tnf.a mdofhka udf.a uqyqK

md.d oukq uekú hehs l÷`M i,ñka b,a,d isáhy' fuh" j¾K fNao fmkaúh hq;= fkdjk

nj f.kyer olajhs'

² tneúka cd;s" NdId" j¾K yd m%dfoaYSh hk fNaohka ie,ls,a,g fkdf.k ish¨ fokdju

idudkd;au;djfhka ie,lsh hq;= nj bia,duh b,a,d isáhs' iudkd;au;djh Budkfha

fldgils' iEu uqia,sïjrfhlau wka wh ;ukaj iudkd;au;djfhka ie,lsh hq;= nj

n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ' ;uka o wka whj tfia u i,lhs'

80

iudc idOdrK;ajh

² bia,duhg fmr jQ iudcj, iudc idOdrK;ajh fkdue;s nj meyeos<s j olakg ,eìKs'

ñksid ñksidg hg;a ù Ôj;a ùfï mßirhla iïmQ¾Kfhka u olakg ,eìKs' bia,dufhys

ñksidf.a ÿ¾j,;d okakd w,a,dyau Wiiau ueùu jk ñksidg iuDoaêu;a yd úYsIaG f,i

Ôj;a ùfï ud¾.h fmkajd oS we;' úYajdijka;hsks" Tn,d idOdrK;ajfhys iaÓrju

t,an isákak' ^Tn,d idlaIs ÿkafka kï" th& Tng fyda" tfia;a fkdue;s kï" Tnf.a

foudmshkag fyda" tfia;a fkdue;s kï ^Tn,df.a& <`. kEhskag fyda úreoaOj mej;sh o

w,a,dya fjkqfjka î;Hh muKla& idlaIs fokq uekú' ' ' ' ' ^4 (135&

² idOdrKj l%shd lrkakka w,a,dyaf.a wdf,dalu;a jQ ñïn¾ ys isákq we;' Tjqka ;ukaf.a

md,kfhys" mjqf,ys yd ;ukaf.a j.lSu hgf;a isáhjqka uOHfhys idOdrKj lghq;= lr

we;a;dy' ûqia,sï&

² l=¾wdkh yd iqkakdj meyeos<s lr we;s foaj kS;Ska ifudagu fmdÿ jQ tajd h' Tng fmr

isáhjqka úkdYj .sfhaukao" Tjqka my;a uÜgfï ckhd u; kS;sh l%shd;aul l<y' by<

me,eka;sh w;ayer oeuQy' ldf.a w;ays uqyïuoaf.a m%dKh we;af;a o Tyq u; Ym:j

uqyïuoaf.a ÿj *d;sud fidrlï lf<a o uu wehf.a w; o lmd ouñ' ^nqydß&

² riQ,ajreka idOdrK;ajh l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd u my< lrk ,oafoa h'

² w,al=¾wdkh i|yka lrhs' —ksYaph jYfhka u wm wmf.a ¥;hskaj meyeos<s idOl iu`.

hjd we;af;uq' Tjqka iu`. wd.ï o" kS;sfhys îdOdrK;ajfhys& ñkqï ;rdosh o ñksiqka

idOdrKj Ôj;aùu Wfoid my< lf<uq˜ ^57(25&

² w,a,dya ñksiqkag wnu,a f¾Kqjl mjd ydkshla fkdlrhs' ksYaph jYfhka u w,a,dya

ñksiqkag wnu,a f¾Kqjl mjd ydkshla fkdlrhs' tfy;a ñksiqka ̂ ydks isÿ lrñka& ;uka

;ukagu ydks muqKqjd .ks;s' ^10(44&

² udf.a wkq.dñlhsks" uu widOdrKh lsÍu ug yrdï lr we;af;ñ' Tn,d o flfkl=

;j flfkl=g widOdrK fkdlrkak' ûqia,sï&

² ksYaph jYfhka u w,a,dya" lsisfjl=g Tjqkf.a mdmhkag wêl o~qjï ,nd oS wnu,a

f¾Kqjl fyda wmrdO fkdlrhs' tfy;a ̂ wnu,a f¾Kqjl muK fyda& l=i,a we;akï ̂ mjd&

th fo.=K lr ;u lreKdj ksid ^miqj thg& b;d wêl wdksixi ,nd fohs' ^4(40&

² fï ish,a,u w,a,dya o Tyqf.a ¥;hd o ;uka hqla;s .relj l%shdlr" ñksia iudch o

hqla;s .relj l%shd;aul úh hq;= hehs okajd isáhs'

bia,duh wjOdrKh lrkakd jQ iudc idOdrK;ajh

² iïm;a fnod oSu

² iudcfha ishü idudðlhskag iudk jQ wjia:d ,ndoSu

² n,;, we;a;ka fiajlhskag Tjqkaf.a fiajhg wod< fõ;kh iqÿiq fõ,dfjys oS ,ndosh

hq;=h' Tjqka iQrd fkdlE hq;=h'

81

² ÿmam;alñka mSä; jQjkaf.a ;;a;ajh oshqKq lsÍu i|yd Okj;=ka yd fiajd fhdaclhska

idOdrKj lghq;= lsÍu'

² fuu úIhfhys bia,duh ulald ld,iSudfõ isg wjOdkh fhduqlr ;sîu yd thg úfYaI

ia:dkhla ,nd oS ;sîu o i|yka l< yelsh'

ÿmam;=kag wdydr ,nd fkdfokakd ksrfha isákq we;ehs wjjdo lsÍu' —thg Tjqka" wm

jkaokdudk lrkakka w;r fkdfjuq' wm ÿmam;=kag wdydr ,nd fkdÿkafkuq'˜ ^84(3-4&

^kì ;=uKs" wjika oskfha& úksYaph fndre lrkakkaj Tn îe,ls,af,ka& ne¨fjys o@

^hktk ux ke;s& wkd:hska t<jkakd Tyqh' Tyq ÿmam;=kg ^wdydr ,nd fkdfok w;r&

wdydr ,ndfok f,i ^wka wh& Wkkaÿ lrjkafka o ke;' ^107(1-3&

úreoaOjdoSka yd idOdrK;ajh

² w,al=¾wdkh hqla;sh bgqlsÍfï oS ;u úreoaOjdoSka iu`. o hqla;s.relj l%shd lrk f,i

ksfhda. lrhs' úYajdijka;hsks" kS;sh ia:dmkh lsÍfï oS w,a,dya fjkqfjka Tn,d iaÓr

jQ idlaISka f,i isákak' ñksiqkaf.ka tla fldgila u; ^Tn,d ;=<& we;s oafõYh"

^Tjqkg& whqla;shla fyda lsÍug Tnj fkd fmd<U;ajd ^fldmuK fl%daOhla ;snqK o& Tn

kS;sh l%shd;aul lrkak' th jkdys msú;=re Ndjhg b;du;a wdikak jQjls' ^´kEu

wjia:djl oS& Tn w,a,dyagu ìh jkak' ksYaph jYfhka u w,a,dya Tn lrkakd jQ oE

fyd|ska okakd fõ' ^5(8& tkï ´kEu iudchla u; Tng we;a;djQ wlue;a; fyda

úreoaO;ajh fyda Tjqka yd hqla;s.relj l%shd lsÍfuka Tnj je,elaúh hq;= fkdjk nj

bia,duh n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjhs'

mjqf,a idudðlhska iu`. hqla;s.relj lghq;= lsÍu

² bia,dï ñksiqka w;r we;s iïnkaO;d tajdfhys ;rd;sru o iïmQ¾Kfhkau ie,ls,a,g

.kS' thg wkql+,j Tjqfkdjqkaf.a whs;sjdislï o" Tjqka iu`. hqla;s.relj lghq;= l<

hq;= h hkak o ks¾Kh lrhs' f,a {d;Ska" ljqrekafoda Tjqka yd muKla hqla;s.relj

lghq;= fkdlr" lsisÿ in|lula ke;s ckhd iu`. o Tyq hqla;s.relj lghq;= l< hq;=

hehs n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjhs'

² uj yd mshd hk fofokd ie,l+ úg fudjqkaf.a úIhfhys b;du;a u hqla;s.relj lghq;=

lrk f,i b,a,d we;' —uõmshka iu`. fyd| wdldrhg lreKdfjka lghq;= lrkak'˜

^4(36&

² ñksidg b;d wêl f,i úYd, Wmldrhka lr we;af;a w,a,dya h' Bg miqj foudmshkaf.a

Wmldrhka mj;S' ñksfil=f.a iEu ld¾hhl oS u foudmshkaf.a odhl;ajh b;d wêl

fõ' Tjqkaf.a odhl;ajh ke;s úg Tyqg Wiia oshqKqjla ,nd.; fkdyel' Tjqkf.a

;Hd.YS,S;ajhg iu l< yels fohla ñksia iudcfhys olakg ke;' Tjqka lrkakd jQ

úYd, Wmldrhka ys w,a,dyaf.a w;súYd, Wmldrhkaf.a ms<sìUqj olakg ,efí' w,a,dya

keuo ms<smeoSu Tyqg lrkakd jQ ia;+;shls' foudmshka ie,lSfï oS Tjqka yd hqla;s.relj

wdor Nla;sfhka lghq;= lsÍu Tjqkg lrkakd jQ uy;a Wmldrhls' w,al=¾wdkfha ug;a

ia;=;s lrkq uekú" Tnf.a foudmshkag o ia;=;s lrkq uekú' ud fj;u kej; meñKsh

hq;=j we;' ^31 (14&

82

² tneúka foudmshkaf.a úIhfhys oS iudc hqla;s.rel Ndjh hk mokfuys b;d ie,ls,su;a

úh hq;=h' fï iu`.u kEoEhska iu`." hqla;s.relj lghq;= lsÍu oeä j wjOdrKh lr

i|yka lr ;sîu ie,ls,a,g .; hq;=j we;'

iajdñmqreIhd yd ìß| w;r hqla;s.rel Ndjh

² iajdñmqreIhd yd ìß| hk fofokd wfkHdkH f,i flfkl= wfkldg hqla;s .relj

lghq;= l< hq;= h hk oeä ksfhda. l=¾wdkh yd yoSih ,nd oS we;' ^w,anlrd ( 228&

² riQ,a î,a& ;=udKka wjika yÊys oS msßñka ia;%Skag bgql< hq;= hq;=lï o" ia;%Ska msßñkag

bgql< hq;= hq;=lï o ;sfí hehs i|yka lsÍu oel.; yels h' úYajdijka;j lghq;=

lsÍu" wdorh yd ukd yeisÍula we;s j lghq;= lsÍu jeks oE ms<sn| j fuys wjOdrKfhka

igyka lr we;'

² ;jo Nd¾hdj úIhfhys iajdñmqreIhd yd iïnkaO hqla;s iy.; Ndjh f,i weh yd

fyd|ska lghq;= lsÍu" wehg wdydr" we÷ï me<÷ï yd jdiia:dk jeks oE ,ndoSu o"

wehf.a l%shdl,dmfhys w;Dma;su;a jkafka kï l=¾wdkfha yd iqkakdyafõ wKg wkqj

lghq;= lsÍu o fõ' riQ,a î,a& ;=udKka m%ldY l< njg uqwdúhd ^r<s ;=udKka i|yka

l<y' uu kì ̂ i,a& ;=udf.ka Nd¾hdjlg ;u iajdñhd fj; l=uk whs;sjdislï we;af;a

oehs úpdf,ñ' kì î,a& ;=udKka fufia mejiQy' —Tn wdydr wkqNj lrk úg wehg o

wkqNj lsÍug i,iajkak' jia;% ñ,hg .kakd úg wehg o jia;% ñ,hg f.k fokak'

wehf.a uqyqKg fkd.ikak' wehg Ydm fkdlrkak' weh yd we;s iïnkaOh k;r lr

oeóug wjYH jqjfyd;a f.oroS muKla tu iïnkaOh k;r lr.kak' fïjd Tnf.a

Nd¾hdjg we;s j.lSï h'˜ ^wnQ odjqoa&

² fuys Nd¾hdj iïnkaO hqla;s .rel Ndjhka i|yka lrk fia u Nd¾hdj mqreIhd úIhfhys

o hqla;s .rel j lghq;= l< hq;=h' w,a,dyag úreoaO fkdjkakd jQ l%shdj, oS Tyqg

wjk; ùu" Tyqf.a f.!rjh wdrlaId lr ta i|yd l%shd;aul ùu" Tyqf.a orejka" jia;=

yd f.h wdrlaId lsÍu" Tyqf.a wkque;sh fkdue;sj f.hska msgù fkdhdu" ne,au my;a

lr .ekSu" Yíoh my;a lr .ekSu" lg mßiaiï lr .ekSu" Tyqf.a kEhska iu`. hqla;s

.relj wdY%h lsÍu jeks foa fuys wvx.= fõ' riQ,a î,a& ;=ud mejiQy' —hï ia;%shla

miafõ,a i,d;h bgqlr" ru,dka udifha Wmjdih bgq lrkakSh' ;jo ;u m;sj; wdrlaId

lr iajdñ mqreIhdg wjk;j yeisfrhs' fuf,i lghq;= lrkafka kï" weh iaj¾.fhys

fodrgqj,ska l=uk fodrgqjg leue;a;olajkakS o ta ud¾.fhka iaj¾.hg msúfikakSh'˜

^ñIald;a&

² fuf,i w,al=¾wdkh yd yoSih iajdñmqreIhd yd Nd¾hdj w;r hqla;s iy.; Ndjfhka

lghq;= lsÍu ms<sn|j wjOdrKh lr we;' ta iu`.u orejkaf.a úIhhka o i|yka lr

we;s nj ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= h'

83

fn,ySkjQjka iu`. hqla;s.rel nj

² cdys,Shsh iudcfha fn,ySkhka hgm;a lr fldka lrkq ,enQy' ta iu.u w,al=¾wdkh

hqla;s iy.;j lghq;= lrkakkag w;suy;a wdksYxi we;ehs i|yka lrhs' l=i.skafkka

miqjkakka iEuflkdgu wdydr ,ndfokak' frda.Ska ish`M fokdgu ksjdrKh ,nd fokak'

we÷ï fkdue;s iEu fokdgu we÷ï ,nd fokak' wjYH;d we;a;kag wjYH m%udKhg

myiqlï i,id fokakehs th wK lrhs' wdydr" we÷ï" ksjdi yd Tjqkg wjYH jk foa

wmf;a fkdhjd wjYH mqoa.,hskag yd Tjqkaf.ka hefmkakkag ilid osh hq;= hehs i|yka

lr we;' ^budï kjúf.a w,a uÊuq# ys&

wd¾Óluh hqla;s.relNdjh

² iudcfhys wd¾Ól ÿIalr;dj,ska mSä;jQjkag øjHuh Wmldrhka b;du;a u wjYH jkafka

h' lreKdjka;" iyfhda.S" iafkayS jokaj,ska tu wjia:dfõ oS wjYH kï hï is;a

iekiqula yd Ydka;shla ,efnkjd yefrkak tu jokaj,ska Tjqkf.a .eg¨ iu:hlg m;a

fkdfõ'

² fmdÿfõ w,al=¾wdka ild;h iu`. jkaokh yd foaj ud¾.fhys úhoï lsÍu iïnkaO lr

m%ldY lr ;sîu wd¾Óluh hqla;s.rel nj mj;ajd .; hq;=h hkakg idlaIshla fõ'

w,a,dyaj fufkys lrkakd jQ ´kEu mqoa.,hl= fuu lrefKys oS fkdie,ls,su;a j isáh

hq;= fkdfõ h hkak fuh fmkajd fohs' w,al=¾wdkfha Tjqkf.a jia;=fjys hdplhskag o"

ÿmam;=kag o Wreuhla ;snqfKah' ^51 ( 19&

² Tjqkaf.a jia;=fjys ks¾Kh lrk ,o Wreuhka we;af;a h' ^70 ( 24-25&

² jia;=j fnoSfï hqla;siy.; Ndjh l%shd;aul lsÍug bia,dï fkdfhl=;a l%ufõohka ;nd

we;af;a h'

1' Wreulalrejkaf.a jia;=j fnoSu

2' ild;a" iold" ys*;a

3' fmdÿ iqnisoaêfhys meje;au i|yd jia;= u; rch nÿ mekùu

² Okh ñksiqka w;r hqla;s iy.;j fnodyeÍu i|yd bia,duh bosßm;a lrkakd jQ fuu

l%uhka wksjd¾h jkakd jQ tajd fõ'

² Okh tla ia:dkhl /ia j j¾Okh ùu flfrys bia,duh leue;a;la fkdolajhs' iudcfha

o" ckhdf.a o" iqnisoaêh ie,ls,a,g f.k Okfhka tla fldgila lsÍug md,lhdg n,h

,nd fohs' ÿmam;=kaf.a yd ÿ.Skaf.a ;;a;ajh by< kxjhs' Okh Okj;=ka yd ÿmam;=ka

w;r foda,kh ùug yÍ' th Okj;=kays wf;ys muKla /|S meje;aug bv fkdyeÍ

Tnf.ka Okj;=ka w;r muKla fkd.ejiSug ^fuf,i wK lrhs& ^59(7&

84

iduQysl j.lSu

² riQ,a î,a& ;=udKka i|yka l<y' —ñksia l=,h" iïmQ¾Kfhka u w,a,dyaf.a mjq, fjhs'

ñksia l=,hg jeä hym; isÿ lrkakd w,a,dyaf.a wêl wdorhg md;% jQ mqoa.,hd jkafkah'˜

^ñIald;a&

² iEu" ;ks mqoa.,fhl=gu ÿl yd lïlfgd¨ we;s úg lsisfjl=f.a Woõ fkdue;sj ;ksju

ys| fYdalùug bv fkdyeßh hq;=h' Tyqf.a ÿla lïlfgd¨ yels;dla ÿrg wka wh úiska

oek yels;dla ÿrg tajd bj;a lsÍug W;aidy l< hq;= hehs n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ'

² riQ,a î,a& ;=udKka i|yka l<y' —ljqreka ñksiqka fj; lreKdj fkdolajkafka o

tjekafkl=g w,a,dya lreKdj fkdolajhs'˜ ^nqydß&

² bia,duh ;ks mqoa.,hskaf.a jeo.;alu wvq lf<a o ke;' mjq, fkdi,ld yeßfha o ke;'

ta iu`.u Tyq l=uk iudchl wx.hla o" tys Wreuh fjkqfjka W;aidy oeÍu o Tyqf.a

hq;=lu fõ' bia,duh Tyq ;=< fuu ye`.Su we;s lrhs' tu iudch ks¾udKd;aul

j¾Okh lsÍug W;aiql ùu;a tu iudchg lrkakd jQ fiajdjls'

² bia,duh ms<s.;a ish¨ fokdu Wïu;hla hk wruqKla we;s lKavdhuls' Tjqka w;r

foajO¾uh mokï jQ ifydaor;ajh olakg ,efí' reêr nkaOk fkd;snqK o Tjqka flfkl=

;j flfkl=g ifydaorfhls' Tjqkf.a Wreuhka Tjqkaf.ka Wÿrd.; fkdyelsh' hym;

n,dfmdfrd;a;=j" wdorh" ohdj" yosis wjia:djl fiajdjka" úm;l oS Woõ lsÍu" wkqlïmdj

we;sj lghq;= lsÍu hk ish,a,u fuys wka;¾.; h'

² kì jokl fuys fY%aIaG;ajh ms<sn|j úia;r flfrhs' kì î,a& ;=udKka okajd isáhy'

foaj úYajdislfhl=g f,dfjys we;sjkakd jQ ÿlska ´kEu ÿlla ljqreka bj;a lrkafka o

w,a,dya wjika oskfhys oS Tyqg we;sjkakd jQ lrorj,ska tlla bj;a lrkafka h' ÿflys

fj<S fYdal jkakd jQ mqoa.,fhla thska uqojd .ekSug ljqreka Wmldr lrkafka o fuf,dj

yd mrf,dj Tyqg we;sjkakd jQ lrorj,ska Tyqj uqojd .ekSug w,a,dya lghq;= lrhs'

uqia,sïjrfhl=f.a jeros yd wvqmdvq hful= jika lrkafka kï" Tyqf.a jeros iy wvqmdvq

fuf,dfjys o" mrf,dfjys o w,a,dya jika lrhs' we;af;l= ;u ifydaorfhl=g Woõ

lsÍfuys fhoS isák ;dla w,a,dya o Tyqg Woõ lrñka isákafka h' ûqia,sï&

² fuu yoSia tla uqia,sful=f.a lghq;=j, oS iduQyslj l%shd lsÍfï jeo.;alu úia;r lrhs'

foaj úYajdih we;a;jqka tlsfkld iïnkaOj tla YÍrhla f,i mej;sh hq;=hs' tu

YÍrfhys tla wjhjhla ÿlg m;ajkafka o" uq`M YÍrhu th oek th bj;a lsÍug

W;aidy .kS' tjeks ;;a;ajhla we;sj fuu iudch l%shdl< hq;= nj bia,dufha leue;a;

fõ' ;jo bia,duh wfkHdkH iyfhda.h u; o iduQysl j.lSu u; o iudch f.dvk.hs'

² idudkH mqoa.,fhl=j ie,ls,a,g .;a l< Tyq ;u mjqf,a idudðlhska jk foudmshka"

wUq orejka" ifydaorhska yd kEoEhskaf.a úIhfhys iduQysl j.lSï bgq lsÍfuys j.lSï

orkafka h' fudjqka u; jQ j.lSï f,i Tjqkag hym; fhduqlr whym; j<lajd"

hyud¾.h fmkajd osh hq;= j.lSu orkafkah' ;u orejka úIhfhys Tjqka fyd| yeoshdjka

yd idrO¾u we;a;ka f,i yodjvd .; hq;= j.lSu o orkafka h'

85

iduQysl j.lSu bgqlsÍu i|yd jQ l%ufõohka

² mjq,g yd kEoEhskag úhoï lsÍu'

myiqlï we;a;ka ;u mjq,g o myiqlï fkdue;s kEoEhskag o Tjqkaf.a f,a kEhska ksid

o" ;u j.lSu ksid o fuh bgq l< hq;=h' w,al=¾wdkh fï ms<sn| j mjid we;a; kï"

kEoEhskag;a" ÿmam;=kag;a" u`.Skag;a" Tjqfkdjqkaf.a fldgi ,nd fokq uekj' ^17 ( 26&

iduQysl j.lSï m¾jq ls*dIdj" iudc lghqq;= wdosh bgq lsÍu'

ild;a j.lSu

² ild;a" iold" ;Hd.hka" jla*a" jishsh;a" W,ayshahd yd wlSld jeks foa ksis f,i iïmQ¾K

lsÍu u.ska o iudch fjkqfjka iduQysl j.lSu bgql< yels h'

² ñksiqka uOHfhys iduh we;s lsÍu

ñksiqka uOHfhys wfkHdkHj we;sjkakd jQ úfrdaO;d ys oS iduh we;s lsÍu iduQysl

j.lSuls' fofofkl= w;r jk úreoaO;ajh úreoaOjdoSka lsysm fofkl= w;r ffjrhla

ù th fl%daOh yd ;r.ldÍ;ajhla we;s lr f,a i,ñka hqoaO lsÍfï ;;a;ajhlg hd yels

fyhska w,al=¾wdkh fuh wjOdrkh lr we;' úYajdijka;hska îsh¨ fokd& ksYaph

jYfhka u ifydaorjreka h' tneúka Tnf.a ifydaorjreka w;r ̂ úkh yd iduh ia:dmkh

lr& iuQyhla f,i isákak' ̂ fuys& w,a,dyag ìhj Ôj;ajkak' ̂ fuu.ska& Tyqf.a lreKdj

,nd.; yel'

² flfkl= ;j flfkl=g wfkHdkHj Woõ lsÍu" kuHYS,S ùu" iqn me;Su" wOHdmkh

,ndoSu" Khg oSu" jHdmdrfhys fldgialrefjla lr .ekSu" lDIsl¾ufhys fldgialrejl=

ùu yd Wmfoia ,nd oSu" fyd| foa fj; fhduq lsÍu" jeros foa je,elaùu jeks oE fuys

wvx.= fõ'

kdhl;ajh

² wrdì NdIdfjka wlalshdod hk mo jHjydrh" kdhl;ajh hk w¾:hka fhfokqolakg

,efí' jHjydrfha w,a-lsho;a hkak ñksia ,laIK$iajNdjh iu`. tlaj hk" ñksia

yeisÍfuys n,mEï we;s lrkakd jQ" ksYaÑ; jQ b,lalh fj; u`. fmkajkakd jQ" l,djla

úia;r flf¾'

² ;jo kdhl;ajh hkak n,mEïj,ska f;dr l%u yryd ckhd lghq;= lsÍug fmf<Uùu

u.ska Tjqkaj kshñ; osYdjlg fhduq lsÍfï l%shdud¾.hla f,i o i|yka l< yel'

kdhl;ajfha wjYH;dj

² úYajdijka;hsks" Tn,d w,a,dyag wjk;jkak' tf<iu w,a,dyaf.a ¥;hdg o" Tnf.a

kdhlhdg o wjk; jkak'

² úYajdijka;hsks" Tn w;r ´kEu lreKla iïnkaOj wiïuq;shla we;s jqjfyd;a th

w,a,dya fj; yd Tyqf.a ¥;hd fj;g ndr lrkak' i;H jYfhka u Tn w,a,dya yd

wjika oskh úYajdi lrkakka jkafka kï Tjqkaf.a ;Skaÿj Tn,d ;Dma;su;a j ndr.kq

we;' fuh hym;a jQ o b;du;a w,xldr jQ o ;SrKh jkq we;' ^4(59&

86

² ;ksj lghq;= lsÍu;a" fjka j Ôj;a ùu;a" fy<d olsk bia,duh iuQyhla f,i Ôj;a ùug

kdhl;ajhla wjYH nj wjOdrKh lrhs'

² meyeos<s idlaIs bosßm;a ùfuka miqj o" u;fNao we;s ù fjka j isáhjqka f,i fkdb|skak'

Tjqkg iuyr uqyqKq w÷re ù o" iuyr uqyqKq iqÿue<s ù o" hk oskfhys oeä jQ fõokdjka

olakg ,efnkq we;' ^3(105-106&

² Tn,df.ka ;sfofkl= .ukla .sh o bka flfklaj kdhlhl= f,i m;alr.kak' ^nqydß&

² Wu¾ ^r<s& ;=udKka mejiQy (— kdhl;ajhla fkdue;sj iduQysl;ajhla ke;' hgy;a

ùula fkdue;sj kdhl;ajhla fkdue;'˜ ^;drñ&

² kì ̂ i,a& ;=udKka mejiQy ( w;a md bj;a lrkq ,enQ jyf,la j Tng kdhlhl= f,i m;a

lr" Tyq w,al=¾wdkh u.ska Tnj md,kh lrkafka kï Tn Tyqg wjk; jkak'

² fyd| kdhl;ajhlg ckhd kshñ; osYdfjys fhduq lsÍfï yelshdj i;= jkq we;' tu

osYdj jkdys bia,duh cd;Hka;rj m%pdrh lsÍu jeks fmdÿ ,laIKhka wvx.= jk fia

úh yelsh' tfia;a fkdue;s kï" ie,lsh hq;= hï lreKla iïnkaOj iïfï,khla

mj;ajk wdldrfha úfYaI ,laIKhla we;a;la fia úh yelsh' flfia fj;;a l%shdjg

kxjkakd jQ l%ufõohka" ,nd .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkakd jQ m%;sM,hkq;a" iïnkaO

jkakd jQ ckhdf.a iqnisoaêhg oS¾> ld,Sk wdOdrlhla fia mej;sh hq;=hs'

² by; i|yka l< w,al=¾wdka jdlHhka yd yoSihka uqia,sïjreka ;ukaf.a l%shd l,dmhka

kshudldrj isÿùu i|yd ;uka f.ka kdhl;ajhla we;slr .kakd f,i;a" tf<i

kdhl;ajhla my< jk úg thg wjk; jk f,i;a" kdhl;ajhg wjk;ùu jkdyS

w,a,dya yd riQ,ag wjk; j lghq;= lsÍug fojeks j we;s uÜgfuys mj;sk nj o i|yka

lrhs'

kdhl;ajfhys úfYaI;ajh

² ñksid iudch iu`. tla j Ôj;ajk iajNdjfhka ujd we;af;a h' iudchla fkdue;sj

;ksj Ôj;a ùu Tyqg ÿIalr fjhs' tneúka ñksidg ,ndfokakd jQ b;du;a u lDDr jQ

ysxikh Tyqg yqol,dj isr.; lsÍu hehs nqoaêu;=ka mjid we;a;dy' fï wdldrhg

YÍrfhys we;s tla wjhjhla ;j;a wjhjhl wjYH;djh n,dfmdfrd;a;=j we;s fia

ñksid ;j;a ñksfil=f.ka wjYH;d we;af;l= f,i isákafka h' fuf,i ñksiqka w;r jQ

iïnkaO;d wêl jk úg kdhl;ajhla wjYHh' tfia fkdjkafka kï fyd| úkhdkql+,

iudchla f,i" iudc ixia:djla f,i th fkdmj;skq we;'

² iudcfhys kdhl;ajh hkak isrefrys isri jeks h' iudcfha b,lalhka tys

l%shdldÍ;ajhka hkak kdhl;ajhu ;SrKh lrkq we;' th n,j;aj yd fidaosisfhka

isák úg iudchu n,j;a fõ' th fn,ySk jk úg iudch o fn,ySk ù ì|jeàug ,la

fõ'

87

² bia,dufha oDIaáfldaKfhys kdhl;ajh hkak f,fyis myiq ld¾hhla fkdfjhs' tys

l%shdldrlï me;sfrkakd jQ ish¨ wjia:dj,oS u tys j.lSï o j¾Okh fõ' ukao h;a"

Tn,d ish¨ fokdu md,lhka h" Tn,df.ka yeu fofkl=u Tyqf.a md,kh ms<sn| j

úpdrkq ,nkafka h' budï md,lfhls' Tyq ;ukaf.a md,kh ms<sn| j úpdrkq ,nkafka h

^nqydß& hk yoSia fuu j.lSfuys nrm;, nj wjOdrKh lrhs' ;jo fuh w;s uy;a jQ

mSvdldÍ wudk;hla hkak ;j;a kì î,a& jokla u.ska wmg jgyd .; yelsh' wnqo¾

w,als*dß ̂ r,s& ;=udKka" kì ̂ i,a& ;=udf.ka kdhl;aj moúhla b,aÆ úg kìî,a& ;=udKka

ÿka ms<s;=r fuh wjOdrKh lrhs' wnQo¾ ;=uks" Tn fn,ySkhls' ksYaph jYfhka u th

wudk;hla h' th flfkl= iqÿiqlï fkdue;s úg Ndrf.k tys j.lSï ksisf,i bgq

lsÍug wfmdfydi;a jqjfyd;a th wjidk oskfha oS ks.dj yd lror we;s lrhs' ̂ uqia,sï&

² fuf,i kdhlhd f;aÍu o wudk;hla fjhs' ulaksid o h;a iqÿiq mqoa.,hd iqÿiq ia:dkh

fkd;enqfõ kï" wudk;h iïmQ¾K jQfha ke;ehs hkak w¾:h fõ' úYajdijka;hsks"

Tn,d fj; ,nd fok ,o wudk;hka tajdfhys whs;slrejkag kej; ,ndosh hq;= nj

ksYaph jYfhka u w,a,dya Tng wKlr we;' ̂ 4 (59& hk w,al=¾wdka jok fuh f;areï

lr fokafkah'

² ljqreka iqÿiafil= f;dard m;alr .ekSfï l%shdj,sfhys oS ksYaYíoj ys| ;u woyi m%ldY

lsÍfuka je<lS isákafka o Tyq idlaISka jix l< mqoa.,fhl= hk ,ehsia;=jg tlajkafkah'

fï ms<sn| w,a,dya wk;=re w`.jd my; f,i yka lrkafkah' Tn idlaISka jika fkdlrkq"

ljfrl= fyda trh jix lrkafka o" Tyqf.a yoj; ksYaph jYfhka u mdmhg ,lajkafkah'

Tn lrkakd jQ ish,a,u w,a,dya fyd|ska okS' ^2(283&

kdhl;ajhg wjk; ùu

² kdhl;ajh kshudldrhg isÿúh hq;= kï" tu kdhl;ajhg wod< whs;sjdislï wkq.ukh

l< hq;= fjhs' tkï" kdhl;ajhg thg hg;a jkakka wjk;j lghq;= l<hq;= jkafkah'

fuhg wdOdrlhla f,i w,al=¾wdka jdlHhka yd kì î,a& ;=udKkaf.a yoSihka mj;sk

nj olakg yelsh'

úYajdijka;hsks" w,a,dyag wkq.ukh lr wjk; ù lghq;= lrkak' tfiau Tnf.a

¥;hdKkag o kdhlhskag o wjk; jkak' ^4(59& hk w,al=¾wdka jelsh o Tn,d w;r

ynIs rfgys jy,d kdhlhdj isáh o Tyqg wjk; ù wkq.ukh lr lghq;= lrkak' hk

yoSih o kdhl;ajhg wjk;j lghq;= lsÍfï wjYH;djh wjOdrKh lrhs'

² kdhl;ajhg wjk; ùu .ek wjOdrKh l< bia,dï tys f;daka ,Kqj iSudjka ie,iqï

lr mj;ajdf.k hhs' ukao h;a" bia,dï taldêm;sjdoS kdhl;aj m%jK;dj imqrd ms<sl=,a

lr ;sfí' tneúka kdhl;ajhg hï hï fldkafoais mekùu ;=<ska ta i|yd wjk;Ndjh

wjOdrKh lrhs' fuys,d my; i|yka iSudjka mkjd ;sfí'

1' kdhlhd fyj;a md,lhd bia,dóh IÍwdyaj l%shdjg k`.kakl= úh hq;=h'

2' uyck;djg idOdrK f,i ;Skaÿ fokakl= úh hq;=h'

3' uyck;dj mõ flfrys fhduq fkd lrkakl= úh hq;=h'

88

by; i|yka fldkafoaisj,g mgyeksj kdhl;ajh l%shd lrk úg hgy;aj l%shdlsÍu

hq;=lula fkdfõ' my; i|yka kì ̂ i,a& jokska fï nj meyeos<s lrhs' —ksh; jYfhka

u wjk;Ndjh ;sìh hq;af;a hym;a lreKqj, oS h'˜ ^nqydß&

kdhl;aj .;s ,laIK

² kdhl;ajh uekúka id¾:l ùug kï" ta i|yd fhda.H;djka ,nd isáh hq;= w;r hï hï

.=K oyï o ms<smeosh hq;= fõ' kdhlhkaf.a id¾:l;ajh r|d mj;skqfha tys we;s .;s

,laIK u; h'

w,a,dya iy wjika oskh .ek oeä fia úYajdi lrk wh i|yd jk wdo¾Yh" ksh;

jYfhkau w,a,dyaf.a ¥;hd fj; u mj;S' ^w,a wyaidí (31& hk w,al=¾wdka mdGfhka

y`.jkafka fuhhs' t;=ud" foaYmd,lhl=" .DyuQ,slhl=" mßmd,lhl= iy keuÿïlrejla

jYfhka l%shd l< wdldrfhkau iEu w;ska u ud¾f.damfoaYl kdhlhl= o fjñka tys

.;s ,laIK .ek fmkajd ÿkafkah'

² kì î,a& ;=ud ,nd ;snQ kdhl;aj .;s ,laIK my; i|yka f,i iïmsKavkh fldg

i|yka l< yels fõ' mßmQ¾K .=K oyï" m%{djka; Ndjh yd hymd,kh" úkS;Ndjh"

bjis,sjka;Ndjh" bjid ord .ekSu" fmdfrdkaÿ lv fkdlsßu" úfrdaOdrNdjh" ldhsl

Yla;sh" iqyo;dj" wdorh" udkisl ;ekam;a Ndjh" ÿrolakd kqjK" fm!reIh yd fY%aIaG

wdo¾Yh hkdosh o we;=`M ;j;a fndfyda .;s,laIK t;=ud ;=< olakg ;sìKs'

kdhl;aj j.lSï

² bia,dóh kS;sfõoSka úiska rfÜ kdhl;ajh flfrys j.lSï rdYshla mjrkq ,efí' w,a,dud

wnq,a yika w,s w,a udj¾os úiska i|yka lrkq ,nk wd.ñl" wd¾Ól" foaYmd,ksl yd

iudchSh j.lsï oyh b;d meyeos<sj mj;S' tajd ieflúka fufia h (

1' rfÜ iaffjÍ;ajh wdrlaId lsÍu

2' úYajdislhka iy WmfoaYlhkaf.a woyia wkqj l%shd lsÍu'

3' oSka ûd¾.h& wdrlaId lsÍu

4' o~qjï l%shdjg kexùu

5' tosßjdoslï ue~,Su

6' bia,duhg tfrysjk wh iu`. ^n,lsÍï hgf;a& ðydoa lsÍu

7' zild;a iy nÿ hkdosh /ialsÍu

8' nhs;=,aud,fhka msßkukq ,nk oSukdjka ;SrKh lsÍu'

9' wjYH jk l,ayS kS;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu

10' foaYfha lghq;=j, oS ksrka;rfhka u iqmÍlaIdldÍj miqùu

bia,dóh kdhl;ajh md,kh lrk uQ,sl lreKq ;=kls' tajd IQrd" kS;sh yd woyia m%ldY

lsÍfï ksoyi hkdoshhs'

89

iudch yiqreùfï wdh;kh jYfhka uiaðoh

² kì î,a& ;=ud uoSkdjg ysÊr;a l< wjia:dfõ" uoSkd iSudfõ ^l=nd& uq,au uiaðoh bos

l<y' bkamiq uoSkdfõ uiaðohla bos l<y' tfy;a l=nd uiaðohg jvd uoSkd uiaðoh

ûiaðÿka knú& kì î,a& ;=udf.a pß;fha iy uqia,sï iudc ks¾udKfhys,d jeo.;a

odhl;ajhla Wiq,k w;r" th wdo¾Y uiaðoh o fjhs' uiaðohka úiska iudch yiqreúh

hq;= njg mQ¾jdo¾Yh jYfhka mj;S'

² uiaðoh" cudw;a keuÿï i|yd wrUk ,o jqjo" th uqia,sï iudch flfia tlai;a

lrkjd o" flfia wdrlaId lrkjd o hkdoshg mqyqKq uOHia:dkhla o úh' keuÿu

i|yd le|ùu yd jHjydrhka hkdosh fï nj l%shdfjka fmkakqï lf<ah'

² uiaðofha wOHd;añl l%shdldrlï iy f,!lsl l%shdldrlï" iudc Ôú;hg o bjy,a

jk neúka uiaðoh yd jk ine|shdj m%Yxidjg ,lafjhs'

² mqoa.,hl= uiaðohg hdu isß;la lerf.k isák nj ÿgq l<" fyf;u Budkh w;aler

f.k isák njg Tn idlaIsorkak' ^;s¾ños&

² uyfmdf<dj u; w,a,dya w;sYhska m%shlrk ia:dkh uiaðohhs' Tyq fnfyúka ms<sl=,a

lrk ia:dkh lvùoshhs' ûqia,sï&

² uyaIrfha lsisÿ fijkla fkdue;s ta ojfia" w,a,dyaf.a w¾Ia hg fijK ,nk jdikdj

lKavdhï i;lg ,efí' Tjqk;g" uiaðoh yd oeä ine|shdjla mj;ajd .;a wh o"

tla lKavdhuls' ^nqydß&

² ish ksjfia isg jq`M# f.k" ish wd.ñl hq;=lu bgq lrkq msKsi w,a,dyaf.a lsishï

uiaðohla lrd .uka lrkafka o" Tyq ;nk iEu mshjrlg u wdksYxi ,shd.kq ,efí'

mj wfydais flf¾' ;;a;ajh Wiia flf¾' ûqia,sï& hkdoS yoSi" wOHd;añl m%.;sh

i|yd jk l%uhla jYfhka muKla i|yka fj;;a" th iudc m%.ukh i|yd jk

l%uhla jYfhka o ie,lsh yelsh' ukao h;a" ñksidg wOHd;añl ;ekam;a Ndjh

w;aler fok w;r;=r u" Tyqg iudc hymf;ys lelal=ula we;s lrùug o th bjy,a

fõ' bíkq wíndia ^r,s& ;=ud b#;sld*a isá ld, mrdih ;=< tla;rd ifydaorfhl=f.a

wjYH;djla bgqlrkq msKsi msg;g hdu yd Bu ms<sn| t;=ud l< úia;rh fï nj

ikd: lrhs'

² kì î,a& ;=ud uqia,sï iudch f.dvke`.=fõ uiaðoh flakaø lr .ksñks' fï ksid tys

ld¾hNdrh mq`M,a úh' w,a,dya iy tal mqoa.,hd iïnkaO lrjk msáh jYfhka muKla

fkdj mqoa.,hka w;r iyiïnkaO;d we;s lrkakd jQ msáhla jYfhka o th m;a lf<ah'

² ´kEu úfgl ck;djg ;u kdhlhd yuqúh yels yd th myiq lrjk ;ekla njg o

uiaðoh meje;sfhah' kì î,a& ;=ud ish jdiia:dkh i,id .;af;a uiaðofha tla

mfilh' keuÿï i|yd tys tk ck;djg t;=uka uqK.eiSu o fï ksid myiq úh'

uoSkdfõ jdih lrkakka muKla fkdj" msáka meñfKk uqia,sïjreka o" uqia,sï fkdjkakka

o" fm!oa.,slj yd iduQyslj t;=uka uqK.eish yels ;ekla jYfhka o uiaðoh m;a

úh'

90

² tysoS ks;r ks;r iudc lghq;= iïnkaOfhka idlÉPd mj;ajk ,oS' ke`.S tk kj

iudch jYfhka ;ks mqoa.,fhda o" iudch o fndfyda m%Yakj,g uqyqK ÿkay' tu wjia:dfõ

w,a,dyaf.ka ,efnk jyS" kì î,a& ;=udf.a u`.fmkaùu yd iudch iu`. mj;ajd .;a

wlSodj Tjqkag ufydamldÍ úh' tajd fnfyúka isÿjQfha uiaðofha h'

² kì ̂ i,a& ;=udf.a wjêfha uiaðoh wOHdmk wdh;khla jYfhka l%shd;aul úh' w,a,dya

fj;ska my< jk w,al=¾wdka wdh;" tys oS mdrdhkh fldg olajk ,oS" kì î,a& ;=ud

l=;and yd idlÉPdjka u.ska foaYkdjka l<y' uiaðofha iaÓr f,i /|S isá ̂ wiaydnqiaiq*a*d

kue;s& iydnd lKavdhï kì ̂ i,a& ;=udf.ka bf.k .;a w;r fudjqyq fiiq iydndjrekag

o b.ekajQy'

² th iudcfha wd¾Ól wjYH;d imqrd,k ia:dkh jYfhka o l%shd;aul úh' zild;a"

iold yd .kSud hkdosh ,efnk úg tajd fnodyßkq ,enQfha uiaðofha isáh'

² iudc m%Yak .ek idlÉPd fldg úi÷ï imhk fiajdjg wu;rj" iudcfha isÿjk

wvqmdvqj,g bia,dï hgf;a ;Skaÿ fok Widúh jYfhka o th l%shd;aul úh' kì î,a&

;=ud úksYaphldrhd jYfhka fmkS isg ;Skaÿ ÿkafkah'

² we;eï wjia:dj, yuqod mqyqKq l|jqre jYfhka o" ffjoH idhkh jYfhka o uiaðoh

l%shd;aul úh' tys l+vdrï ;kd m%;sldr ,ndÿka nj o b;sydifha lshefõ'

² kì ̂ i,a& ;=udg miqj ìysjQ l=,*dW¾ rdIs¥kajrekaf.a ld,fha oS o uiaðoj, isgu lghq;=

bgq flßKs' m%dka; w.kqjrj, wdKavqldrjre o uiaðo bosfldg tf,iska u l%shd l<y'

iydndjre uiaðoj, oS ismai;r b.ekajQy' Tjqkaf.a wkq.dñlhka jQ ;dìhSkajre iy

;nW;a;dìhSkajre mjd fuu l%shdl,dmh wkq.ukh l<y' budï ud,sla iy iBoa ìka

uqihshí hkdosyq" uiaðÿka knúfha mx;s meje;ajQy' ysÊß j¾I 36 oS Bðma;=fõ wï¾

bíkq,a wdia uiaðofha wOHdmk lj y;<sylg jvd olakg úh' budï Id*sB iy cÍuq;a;nÍ

hkdoSyq o b.ekajQy' ysÊß 361 oS boslrk ,o cdñW,a wiay¾ uiaðoh j;aufkys wiay¾

iriúh jYfhka m;a ù we;' gHQkSishdfõ cdñwd ihs;+kshd o tjekakls' ne.avEvfha

uiaðofha l;Sí cdñwd ;=ud jQ w,a n.aodoS b.ekaùï lghq;= lf<ah' veuialia Wu¾ ys o

ismai;r W.kajk ,oS' fï ish,af,ys u wd.ñl Ys,amh muKla fkdj" idys;Hh" ldjH"

o¾Ykh" .Ks;h iy ffjoH úoHdj hkdoS úIhhka o W.kajd ;sfí'

uiaðoh" bndo;a i|yd muKla jk ia:dkhla muKla fkdj" uqia,sïjrekag wd.ñl

wOHdmkh yd f,!lsl wOHdmkh o ,nd fok l,dh;khla ùhehs wdpd¾h uqia;d*d Is*dB

i|yka lrkqfha ta ksidfjks'

² uiaðoa mqia;ld, ìysùug o" wiaydnqia iq*a*djrekaf.a fiajh mQ¾jdo¾Yhla úh' bia,duh

oshqKqjg m;a jljdkqfõ bos jQ uiaðoj, mqia;ld, o úh' uoSkdyaj" Bðma;=j" veuialia"

lhsrjdka yd gHqksishd hkdoS ia:dkj, olakg ;sfnk uiaðo mqia;ld, óg ksoiqka fõ'

² tfy;a ld,hdf.a wejEfuka ngysr n,fõ.j, l=uka;%K fya;=fjka uiaðo" tajdfha mq`M,a

fiajdjka yl=<d .;af;ah' wOHd;añl l%shdldrlïj,g muKla iSud jQ ia:dk jYfhka

l%shd;aul ùug mgka .;af;ah' f,!lsl lghq;= ms<sn| ̂ foaYmd,ksl" iudchSh" wd¾Ól"

wOHdmksl" ixialD;sl yd cd;Hka;r& l%shdldrlï fjk;a ;ekaj,g udre lrk ,o

w;r" tajdfha wdOHd;añl Ôjh o ;=rka úh' wkH ixialD;sl n,mEïj,g ,la j wfYdaNk

úh' fï ksid uqia,sï m%cdfõ mßydksh wdrïN úh'

91

² fuh h:dj;a lsÍfuys ,d ;;ald,fha úiQ ixfYdaOlhka fndfyda fofkl= úiska ork ,o

m%h;ak fya;=fjka uiaðohka kej; hf:dla; fiajdjkaj, fhoùug fndfyda ud¾. újD;

fldg ;sfí' c.;a uqia,sï ixioh ̂ rdìod& úiska ta i|yd fjk u YdLdjla ia:dms; fldg

;sfí' wm rg iïnkaOfhka i,lk l,ays iudc mqk¾ks¾udK flakaø jYfhka uiaðohka

m;a lerùfï wjYH;dj mek ke`. ;sfí' tys,d"

1' uiaðoj,g iqÿiq mßmd,lhka m;a lsÍu'

2' uiaðo ixúOdkfhys ixfYdaOk we;s lsÍu'

3' wOHdmk lj we;s lsÍu'

4' flfuka flfuka mqia;ld, f.dvke.Su'

5' zild;a hkdosh tla/ia lsÍu yd fnod yeÍug úêúOdk ie,iSu'

6' iudc m%Yak ksrdlrKh lrkq msKsi iu: uKav, we;s lsÍu'

7' fmdÿ lghq;=j, ksr;j kdhl;ajh oeÍu' ^foaYmd,k" iudc" wOHdmk yd wd¾Ólh

iïnkaOfhka&

8' uiaðo iïuka;%K mj;ajd" iudc tlai;aNdjhg u`. mEoSu'

9' iudc mßirh jeäoshqKq lsÍfï l%shdldrlïj, fhoSu' ^YsIH" ldka;d" ;reK

;reKshka" ú/lshdfjka miqjkakka iïnkaOfhka&

10' wkH wd.ñlhka iu`. ine|shdj l%uj;a lsÍu

hkdosh uiaðoj, isÿ lsÍug jEhï l< hq;= h'

wkH iudc iu`. ine|shdj

² uqia,sïjreka muKla fjfik ckmo nyq;r uqia,sïjreka fjfik ckmo yd iq`M;r

uqia,sïjreka fjfik ckmo jYfhka uqia,sï ckmo fldgia ;=klg fnokakg mq`Mjk'

.%dóh uÜgfuka jqj o" cd;sl uÜgfuka jqj o fuu ;;a;ajh olakg ;sfí' fuys,d uq,au

;;a;ajhka yer fiiq ;;a;aj fol hgf;a u" uqia,sïjre uqia,sï fkdjkakka yd iïnkaO

ù jdih lr;s' ixlS¾K jQ fun÷ ;;a;ajhla ;=< wm flfia lghq;= l< hq;=oehs bia,dï

meyeos,s lr fohs'

² kì ̂ i,a& ;=udf.a mYapd;a kqnqõj;a wjêfha ulaldfõ uqia,sïjre iq̀M;r ck;djla jYfhka

úiQy' uoSkdyafõ uqia,sïjre nyq;r ck;djla jYfhka úiQy' tfy;a Tjqyq" uqia,sï

fldgia iu`. iqyo iïnkaO;d mj;ajd .;ay' iq`M;rhla jYfhka jdih l< ld,fha

i;=rka f.ka fjfiiska l=rhsIsjrekaf.ka t,a, jQ ysßydr yd whs;sjdislï lvlsÍï ish,a,u

bjid ord .;ay' nyq;rhla jYfhka jdih lrk l<" iq̀M;r ck;djf.a whs;sjdislïj,g

.re l<y' iydnd iy ;dìBka iudcj, oS fï l%uh u ms<smosk ,oS'

² nyq jd¾.sl iudchl jdih lrk uqia,sïjrekag fiiq m%cdj;a iu`. tluq;=j Ôj;aúh

yels nj w,al=¾wdkh iy iqkakdyaj o f.k yer olajhs' ñksiqka w;ßka ̂ kmqrelï lrk

we;euqka" ;j;a we;eul= ,jd w,a,dya fkdje<elaù kï" l%sia;shdks ck;dfha foajia:dk"

cqfoõ ckhdf.a wdrdu yd w,a,dyaf.a kduh nyq, jYfhka isysm;a lrk uiaðo o úkdY

fldg ;sfnkakg mq`Mjk' ^22(40& hkqfjka w,al=¾wdkh nyq wd.ñl iudchla ;=< jdih

lsÍu w<,d i|yka lrhs' nyqjd¾.sl iudcfha uqia,sïjreka jdih l< njg yd Tjqkg

jdih l< yels njg fuu.ska f.kyer oelafõ'

92

² Tfí mru ysñhd ^w,a,dya& is;=fõ kï ñysmsg Ôj;a fjk ish¨ fokdu tlfia úYajdih

;nd ;sfnkakg mq`Mjk' ̂ tu ksid& ñksiqka ̂ ish¨ fokdu úYajdishka ̂ uqia,sïjreka& njg

m;aúh hq;= hehs n,mEï lrkakg Tng yels fõ o @ ^10(99& hkqfjka kì î,a& ;=ud

wu;d m%Yak ke.Sfuka ishü ñksiqka uqia,sïjre fkdfj;s¦ uqia,sï fkdjkafkda o Ôj;a

fj;s hkak f.k yer olaj;s'

² uqia,sï fkdjkafkda o ñksiaiq hkq w,a,dyaf.a ks¾udKh hk Wodr is;=ú,a, iys; j

uqia,sïjreka Ôj;a úh hq;=hehs bia,dï m%ldY lrhs' fld;rï ÿrg o h;a" Tjqka j|sk

mqok foújreka .ek mjd my;a fldg l;d fkdl< hq;= njg wjjdo lrhs' úYajdislhsks"

w,a,dya fkdjk foaj,g Tjqka ̂ foúhka jykafia& l=*Qj;a o" tajdg Tn mßNj fkdlrkak'

ta fya;=fjka Tjqka" fkdoekqj;alï lrK fldg f.k iSudj boaujd w,a,dyag mßNj lrkq

we;' ^6(108&

² ^bia,dï& wd.fuys n,mEula ke;' ûkao h;a& uxuq<dfjka ^neyerj& hy ud¾.g

^fhduqjkafka flfia oehs& meyeos<s úh' ^2(256& tu ksid uqia,sï fkdjkakkag n, fldg

bia,duh fj;g tkakehs uqia,sï lsisfjla uqia,sï fkdjkakag n, fkdlr;s' tfy;a

bia,dufha fY%aIaG;ajh fidhkakg f.kyer olajkakg mq`Mjk' we;eï úg ;¾l ú;¾l

l< hq;= ;;a;ajhg m;a lrkq ,enQjd kï" flfia l%shd l< hq;=oehs w,al=¾wdkfha uqia,sïjre

oekqj;a lrkq ,n;s'

² ^úYajdislhsks& Tn wd.ï iys; Woúh iu`. ;¾l lsÍug Tng isÿ fjf;d;a" úkS; f,i

úkd ^Tjqka iu`.& ;¾l fkdlrkak' tkuq;a" Tjqkaf.ka lsisjl= iSudj blaujd .sh

úfgl" ^Bg& wod< f,i ms<s;=re oSu jrola fkdfõ' Tjqka yd ;¾l lrk úg wmg my<

lrk foh iy Tng my< lrk ,o ^wd.u& foi o wms úYajdi lruq' wfma foúhd o"

Tnf.a foúhd o tlu flkd h' wm b÷rd wjk fjñka Ôj;a jkafka Tyqg h lshd

mjikak' ^29(46&

² uqia,sï fkdjkakka .ek kì î,a& ;=ud mjid we;s foh .ek i,ld n,kak' uqia,sï

fkdjk iq`M;r mqoa.,hkag ysxid lrkafka ljqreka o" uu Tyqg i;=re fjñ' ud ldf.a

i;=frl=j isákafkï o" mrf,dfjys oS Tyqg tfrysj jdo lrkafkla j miqfjñ' ^;dßla

n.aodoa& Wola u" widOdrKhg ,la jQjkaf.a m%d¾:kh .ek ìhm;a jkak' Tyq ld*s¾

ûqia,sï fkdjkakl=& jqj o tfiau h' th iy w,a,dya wyr lsisÿ ;srhla ke;' ûqiaioa

wyuoaa& hkafjka o" kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud wjjdo fldg we;' fuh" uoSkd Ôú; ld,fhys mjik

,oaola neúks" uqia,sï fkdjk iq`M;rh hkqfjka fhoS ;sfnkqfha'

² kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud uqia,sï fkdjkakka iu`. flfia l%shd lf<aoehs n,kak' kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud iy

iydndjre hqfoõ" l%sia;shdks yd l=frhsIs ld*s¾jrka iu`. Ôj;a jQy' Tjqka iu`. iqyo

.súiqï we;s lr .;ay' .súiqug t<eô tlS ck;dj iu`. uekúka lghq;= l<y' tf,i

fyd|ska l%shd lrk fuka wkqkaf.ka o b,a,d isáhy'

² kì î,a& ;=uka yuqùug weniSkshdkq l%sia;shdksjrekaf.a msßila uoSkdjg meñKshy'

kì;=ud Tjqka .reirej ms<sf.k ix.%y l< oiqk ÿgq iydndjre úu;shg m;ajQy' miq

úfgl Bg fya;=j o úuiQy' tysoS t;=ud fudjqka uf.a ys;j;=kaj b;d f.!rjkSh f,i

ie,l=jd' fudjqka uf.a ys;j;=kag l< f.!rjhg jvd ud ta whg f.!rj lrkakg

leue;s hs lSh' ̂ kqnqõj;a 5"7 jirj, oS uqia,sïjreka weìiSkshdjg ysÊr;a l< isoaêh&

93

² kÊrdka m%foaYfha l%sia;shdks ckhd" uoSkdjg meñKs wjia:dfõ oS o kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud fuf,iska

u l%shd lf<ah' Tjqka uiaðÿka knúfhys r|jd .;a w;r" Tjqkaf.a keuÿï wjia:dj

t<eô l,ays uiaðofha tla mfil cm lsÍug bvlv i,id ÿkafka h' Tjqka ;u wd.u

.ek ;¾l l< wjia:dfõ kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud Bg weyqïlka ÿkafkah' f.!rjkSh f,i Tjqkg

ms<s;=re o iemhSh' Bðma;=fõ l%sia;shdks md,lhd uqlõlia tjd ;snQ ;E.sfnda. b;is;ska

ms<s.;af;ah' tu ;E.s w;r jQ udßh;=,a lsí;shd kue;s <| ish iq¾ßhah;a jYfhka ;nd

.;af;ah'

² t;=ud ;Êrd;am%foaYfha ls;=Kqjka iu`. lr.;a iïuq;sh" uqia,sï fkdjk ckhdg ie,lsh

hq;= wdldrhg meyeos<sj fmkakqï lrkakls' kÊrd;a jeisfhda o" Tjqka jekafkda o w,a,dyaf.a

/ljrKfha Tyqf.a kì yd riq,a jk uqyïuoa ̂ i,a& f.a Ndrfha o miqjkafkda h' Tjqkaf.a

Ôú;h" wd.u" N+ñh" foam< we;=`M fuys isák yd fkdisák ish¨ fokdf.au wd.ñl

isoaOia:dk j;ams<sfj;a ish,a,u yd Tjqkag fuu wdrlaIdj o yd j.lSu o we;' lsisu

mQclhl= fyda ;dmihl= fyda Tyqf.a ;;a;ajfha isg bj;a fkdflf¾' tfiau wd.ñl

j.lSï bgqlrkafkda tu j.lSfuka bj;a fkdflfr;s' kS;Hdkql+,j Tjqka fj; ;sfnk

f,dl=" l=vd iEu fohlau Tjqkag wjYH fõ' hï flfkl= fudjqkaf.ka whs;sjdislï

b,a,d isáf;d;a" fomd¾Yajhgu lsisu wjdishla fkdjk whqßka idOdrK f,i úi|kq

,efí' flfkl=f.a jrolg ;j;a flfkl=g o~qjï fkdmeñK fõ' fuu iïuq;sh wkqj

l%shd lsÍug w,a,dya iy Tyqf.a O¾u ¥;hd ne|S isá;s' ^;nld;a bíkq i#ÿ&

² fukhska iïuq;shg t<eUqkq kì ̂ i,a&;=ud hï flfkl= ̂ uqia,sï fkdjk& iïuq;shg t<eUqKq

flfkl=g widOdrKhla lrhs o" ke;akï whs;sjdislï wvq lrhs o ke;akï ord.;

fkdfyk mßos j.lSï mjrhs o ke;akï Tyqf.a leue;a;lska f;drj Tyqf.ka lsishï

fohla ,nd .;af;a o Tyqg tfrysj uu wjidk oskfha jdo lrkafkñ' ^wnQ odjqoa&

hkafkka wk;=re ye`.ùh'

² l,S*d Wu¾ ;=udf.a ̂ r<s& wjêfha nhs;=,a ulaoia ls,d*;fha md,khg k;= úh' l,S*d;=udu

meñK th Ndr.kakd fuka b,a,d isákq ,eîh' t;=ud tys hkúg wi¾ keuÿu i|yd

ld,h t<eôfha h' tysoS u keuÿu bgq lr .kakd f,i foajia:dkfha m%Odk mQcl;=ud

l,S*djrhdf.ka b,a,d isáfha h' th m%;slafIam l< l,S*djrhd ud fuys keuÿï bgq

l<d kï" miq ld,hl oS l,S*d keuÿï l< ;ekh lshdf.k uqia,sïjreka whs;sjdislï

lshkakg mq`Mjkehs lshñka fjk;a ;eklg f.dia keuÿu bgq lf<ah'

² ta wjia:dfõ l=oaia jeishka iu`. .súiqula we;s lr .;af;ah' Tjqkaf.a foajia:dkj,

lsisjl= mosxÑ fkdúh hq;=h' tajd úkdY fkdl< hq;=h' tys lsisu fldgila fkdleäh

hq;=h hkqfjka wdKavqldrjrhdg pl%f,aLhla heùh' l,S*d Wu¾ ;=ud^r<s& ish wjika

ld,fha fufia mjid we;' ;sïñjreka jk wkHd.ñlhka iu`. ukd wkaoñka l%shdl<

hq;= nj" Tjqkaf.a .súiqï l%shdjg kxjk f,i" Tjqka fjkqfjka igka josk f,i yd

Tjqkaf.a Yla;s m%udKhg jvd j.lSï fkdmjrk f,i" uf.ka miq tk l,S*djrhdg uu

Wmfoia foñ' ^ls;dnq,a lrdÊ& Tjqyq wfma NdrldÍ;ajh hgf;a isá;s' Tjqkaf.a m%dKh

wfma m%dKh fuks' Tjqkaf.a foam< wfma foam< fj;s' ̂ tajd wdrlaId l< hq;= fõ'& hkqfjka

l,S*d w,s ;=ud ^r,s& mjid ;sfí'

94

² Bðma;=fõ uqia,sïjrekaf.a ixLHdj jeä jQ ld,fha" wdKavqldrjrhd jYfhka lghq;= l<

wï¾ bíkq wdia;=ud ^r<s& tla;rd ldka;djlf.a ksji lvd" uiaðoh úia;SrKh lf<ah'

fï i|yd wdKavqldrhd ish wkque;sh fkd,o nj tu ldka;dj l,S*djrhd fj; meñKs

l<dh' l,S*djrhd wdKavqldrhdf.ka úuid isá úg" tu ldka;dj muKg jvd jkaos

uqo,la n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ nj o" weh fjkqfjka jkaos uqo, nhs;=,aud,fha ;ekam;a lr

we;s nj o wdKavqldrhd lshd isáfha' uiaðoh lvd oud" uq,ska ;snqKdla fuka ksji boslr

fok f,i l,S*djrhd ksfhda. lf<ah'

² uqia,sï md,khg k;=j isá uqia,sï fkdjk jeishkaf.a ^;sïñjre& whs;sjdislï ksis f,i

,nd oSfuys,d kì î,a& ;=ud iy l,S*djreka oeä f,i l%shd l< nj by; i|yka

lreKqj,ska ikd: fõ' md,lhka muKla fkdj" idudkH fmdÿ ckhd o uqia,sï fkdjkakka

iu`. wjx.j yd idOdrKj lghq;= l<hq;= njg bia,dï oeä f,i wjOdrKh lrhs'

ksoiqkla jYfhka wi,ajeishka fjkqfjka bgql< hq;= j.lSï .ek úia;r lrk úg

uqia,sï" uqia,sï fkdjkakka hk fNaohla fkdoelaúh hq;=h' ^4(36& hkqfjka lr ;sfnk

kshuhka olajkakg mq`Mjk' fouõmshka uqia,sï fkdjkakka jqj o" Tjqkaf.a whs;sjdislï

uqia,sï jk orejka úiska ,ndosh hq;= fõ' ^31(15& hkak o ;j;a ksoiqkls'

² wfma rg iïnkaOfhka wm úiska ms<smeosh hq;= lreKq lsysmhls'

) wm rfÜ fjfik úúO jd¾.sl NdIdjka yd wd.ñl ishü ckhd wdoï;=udf.a ̂ w,hs&

mrmqrg wh;a jQjka jYfhka ie,lSu'

) wi,ajeishka iu`. iqyo iïnkaO;dj jeäoshqKq lr .ekSu' Tjqkaf.a ÿl iefmys oS

iyNd.S ùu" Tjqkaf.a idOdrK whs;sjdislï ,nd oSu'

) jeros lud fldg Wodr f,i yeisÍu

) wdmod úm;aj, oS udkj ohdfjka Woõ Wmldr lsÍu" iykdOdr msßkeófuys,d odhl

ùu'

) m%isoaO W;aij iy ux.,Hhkays oS wfkHdkH jYfhka Woõ Wmldr lsÍu yd iyNd.S

ùu'

) m%dfoaYSh yd foaYSh iqnfi; fjkqfjka W;aiqlj iyfhda.h oelaùu'

) jd¾.sl iu.sh we;s lrkakd jQ /iaùï" woyia yqjudre lr.ekSï iy iñ;s" ix.ï

ixúOdkh lsÍu'

) wlSod" bndod" y,d,a yd yrdï hkdosh /l .ksñka jdih lsÍu'

95

i;a;aj lreKdj

² iudc Ôú;fhys,d uqia,sïjrfhl= fiiq ckhd úiska bgql< hq;= j.lSï iy whs;sjdislï

.ek bia,dufhka meyeos<s fldg ;sfí' ta whqßka u ;uka yd jdih lrk foaj ueùï

iu`. wdorfhka yd lreKdfjka lghq;= lrk fuka o mkjd ;sfí'

² Ôùka iu`. lreKdfjka lghq;= lsÍfï wjYH;dj wjOdrKh lrñka 1824 oS tx.,ka;fha

i;aj lreKd moku msysgqjk ,oS' fuh udkj ohdj hgf;a l%shd;aul jkakls' Ôùka

iu`. wdorfhka l%shd lsÍu u.ska fyda tajdfha whs;sjdislï lr lrñka lghq;= lsÍu u.ska

we;sjk úmdl" wdksixY .ek fuu moku úiska lsis;a i|yka fldg ke;' tfy;a

bia,dï" foaj ks¾udKhka iu`. uekúka lghq;= lsÍu tla;rd wd.ñl fufyjrla jYfhka

i,lhs' tajdfha whs;sjdislï lvlrñka lghq;= lsÍu foaj oKavkhg wod< jrola

jYfhka i,lhs'

² foaj ueùï iu`. wdorfhka lghq;= lsÍu Budkh oeä lrjk .;s,laIKhla nj bia,dï

i,lhs' w,a,dya fnfyúka wdor is;la we;a;d h' ishü lghq;=j, oS Tyq wfmalaId

lrkqfha thhs'

² bia,dïiïm%dma;shg fmr" tl, wrdì ckhd w;r olakg ;snqKq i;aj >d;kh" ydïmq;d

ñh.sh l< Tyqf.a fidfydka j, u;" Tyqg wh;a i;=ka uefrk ;=rd ne| oeóu yd

mKmsáka isák i;df.a udxY lmdf.k wkqNj lsÍu hk ishü jeros l%shd uqia,sï

;ykï lf<a tneúks'

² jfrl bíkq Wu¾ ̂ r<s& ;=ud mdfrda .uka lrk úg" we;efula l=l=<l= ne| ;nd b,lalh

n,ñka isáhy' bíkq Wu¾ ̂ r<s& ;=uka tkq ÿgq Tjqyq t;ekska ÿjkakg mgka .;ay' fufia

lf<a ljqreka o" fujeks foaj,a lrkafkda Ydm ,oafoda hehs ^nqydß& kì î,a& ;=ud mjid

;sfí hehs i|yka lf<ah'

² mKmsáka isák i;=kaf.a uia wkqNj lsÍu" u<l=Kq wkqNj lsÍug iudk hehs kì î,a&

;=ud mjid ;sfí' ^;s¾ños&

² hï lsisfjl= hï mlaIsfhl= ksIaM, f,i urd ouk úg" tu mlaIshd mru ysñhks" fudyq

ud ksIaM, f,i urd oeó hehs lshñka jdo lrkafka h' ^kidB& hkqfjka kì î,a& ;=ud

mjid ;sfí'

² Ôùkag ysxid lsÍu idudkH lreKla fkdfõ' w,a,dyaf.a Ydmh w;alr fok yd mrf,dfjys

oS w,a,dya fj; jrolrejl= jYfhka fmkS isàug i,iajk jrola jYfhka bia,dufhka

wk;=re w`.jñka W.kajhs'

² i;=ka iu`. lreKdfjka l%shd lsÍu w,a,dyaf.a wdYs¾jdoh yd iaj¾.h ,nd fohs'

² Tgqjd" th we;slrkakdg c,h imhhs' t`Mjd fj; w,a,dyaf.a wdYs¾jdoh ̂ nr.;a& ;sfí'

^nqydß& l=l=<d y~,k úg Ydm fkdlrkak' W! Tng keuÿu i|yd wjos lrhs' ^kidB&

² msmdifhka miqjQ iqkLfhl=g c,h iemhQ flfkl=f.a ish¨ mjq lud lrkq ,eîh' ̂ nqydß&

² iEu Ôúfhl=gu lreKdj oelaùu l=i,a w;alr .ekSug fya;= fõ' ^nqydß&

96

² Ôùka iu`. lghq;= lsÍug wod< kS;s Í;s /ila ;sfí'

1' wdorh oelaùu

Ôùka iu`. lreKdfjka lghq;= lsÍu iïnkaOfhka yoSi /ila u.ska wjOdrKh

flf¾' ksoiqka ( iqkLhdg c,h fmùfuka mjq lud lrkq ,eîh" u`. jerÿKq i;=ka

ish ;gdlfhka c,h mdkh lsÍug ie,iQ l%shdjg foaj wdksixi we;'

ydïmq;l= ke;s ksoe,af,a hk iqkLhkaf.a wdydr wjYH;dj Wfoid jla*a wruqo,ska

jla*q,a ls,dí hkqfjka fldgila fjkafldg ;snqKq njg bia,dóh b;sydih foia fohs'

2' ysßyer fkdlsÍu

i;=kag ysßyer lsÍfï l%shdj bia,dï ;rfha u fy<d olS' i;=kg ysßyer lsÍu yrdï

hkqfjka kS;sfõoSyq i|yka lr;s' ksoiqka ( n<,dg ysßyer l< ldka;djla wmd.; jQ

nj nqydßfhys i|yka yoSihl oelafõ'

3' ksYaÑ; i;d ujkq ,enqfõ l=ulg o" tu jev fldgi muKla Wf.ka ,nd .ekSu'

kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud fufia i|yka lf<ah' tla;rd ñksfila .jhdf.a msg Wv .uka lrñka

isáfha h' .jhd uqyqK yrjd ud ujkq ,enqfKa fï i|yd fkdfõ' f.dú;eka jevg

muKla ujkq ,enqfjñ hs lSh' ^nqydß&

Ôùkaf.a msg" Wv k.sk fõokdjla f,i Ndú;h fkdlrkak hkqfjka o kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud

mejiSh'

Wu¾ bíkq wíÿ,a wiSia ;=ud ̂ rya& ish md,k iufha .jhl=g fyda Tgqjl=g fyda bis,sy

yels nr m%udKhka ks¾Kh lf<ah' Bg jvd ng mgjkakdg o~qjï lf<ah'

4' úfõlh ,ndoSu

Tn ;Kfld< iys; ia:dk yryd .uka lrk úg thska Tgqjd m%fhdackhla ,nkakg

bvlv i,ikak' oeä kshx iys; ld,j, .uka lrk úg i;d wiSrejg m;a fkdjk

mßoafoka lghq;= lrkak' ûqia,sï&

5' fmdrj,g ,la fkdl< hq;=h' uqyqKg myr fkdosh hq;=h'

i;=kaf.a uqyqKg myr oSu yd yxjvq .eiSfï l%shdjg kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud Ydm lf<ah' ̂ wnQ

odjqoa& i;=ka w;r fmdr we;s lsÍu o je<elaùh' ^wnQodjqoa&

6' ydkslr i;=ka

ñksiqkg ydkslrk i;=ka urd oeóug bia,dufhka wkque;sh ,eî ;snqK o ksh;

jYfhka u w,a,dya iEu l%shdjloS u hym;a f,i lghq;= lrk fuka kshu lrhs'

97

7' >d;kh lrk i;=ka

oíys oS ms<smeosh hq;= l%shd mámdáh .ek bia,dï meyeos<s f,i bosßm;a lrhs'

tneúka ñksid ish mßirfha Ôj;ajk Ôùka yd tla j jdih l< hq;= fõ' w,al=¾wdkh

o fuu Ôùka .ek wêl ie,ls,a,la olajkafka ta ksidfjks' w,al=¾wdkfha nlrd

^t<fok& wkawdï ̂ f.dúm,a i;=ka&" wkakya,a ̂ óueiaid&" wkakï¨ ̂ l=yqUqjd&" w,awkalnq;aa

ûl=`Mjd& iy w,a*S,a ^we;d& hk ud;Dld hgf;a mßÉfþo my< lrkq ,eîfuka fï

nj meyeos<s fõ'

² Ôùka iïnkaOfhka w,al=¾wdkfha fufia i|yka fõ'

ñksiqks" f.dúm,a i;=ka o" uejqfõ Tyq ̂ w,a,dya& h' tajdfha Tn fjkqfjka ̂ YS;, j,lajk&

ÿï o" fndfyda m%fhdack o ;sfí' tajdhska iuyrla Tn wkqNj lrkafkyq h' Tn Wka

olald ^;K ljd& ijia Nd.fha olald f.k tk úg o ^;K leùug& Wfoa jrefõ

olaldf.k hk úg o tajd Tng losu fõ' b;d wmyiqfjka úkd Tng yd fkdyels

m%foaYj,g Wka ̂ Tn& Tfí nr iys; nvq NdKav o Wiq<df.k hhs' ksh; jYfhka u Tfí

w,a,dya ̂ Tng& b;d ldreKslhdKkag yd msysgjkakd j isà' wiqka yd fldg`Mjka hkdosh

msg Wv hdu jYfhka ^Tng& w,xldrhla jYfhka o ^Tyq ks¾udKh lf<ah& ;jo Tn

fkdokakd foaj,a o Tyq ujd we;'

² fuu mdGh u.ska jgyd .; yels lreKq my; i|yka ,ehsia;= .; l<yels fõ'

) f.dúm,a i;=ka ñksiqka iu`. iómj Ôj;ajk m%dKSka h' tneúka tn÷ i;=kag wod<

wdrlaIdj yd jeo.;alu ,nd oSu wjYH fõ'

) i;=kag o ;rydj yd wdYdjka hkdoS ye`.Sï ;sfí'

) ñksiqka úiska Wkaf.ka ;u wd¾Ól wjYH;d bgqlr .ekSu muKla fkdj" wdorh"

lreKdj yd f<ka.;=lu hkdosh we;s lrjk .=Kdx. o tu i;=ka fj; mj;S' tajd

fi!kao¾hd;aul ye`.Sï o cks; lrjhs'

² Ydlj,g wdorh lsÍu

) ñksidf.a mßirfhys olakg ,efnk Ydl" me<Eá" iïnkaOfhkao bia,dufhka meyeos<s

Ñka;khla bosßm;a flf¾' tajd w,a,dyaf.a ueùï h' w,a,dyag wjk;j l%shdlrhs'

w,a,dya .=K .hhs'

) Ydl o Ôjh iys; foaj ks¾udK fõ' tajdg fõokdj oefkk nj kQ;k úoHdfjka

lshefõ' ks¾udKhka b,a,dyaf.a mjq, fõ' Tyqg fnfyúka m%sh jkqfha ish mjq,g

m%fhdackj;a jk whhs' ̂ nqydß& ta wkqj uqia,sïjrfhl= w,a,dyaf.a iEu ks¾udKhlgu

f<x.;= ùu wjYH fõ'

) j<dl=`Mj,ska wms b;d Nd.Hjka; j¾Idj f.kajd" tu`.ska fndfyda Whka o ^f.dúhka&

wiajkq fk<k OdkH j¾. o" me,jkakg i,iajuq' ;Ügq jYfhka ^m<;=re& msreKq"

j¨ iys; os.g jefvk b|s .ia o" me, jkakg i,iajd th .e;a;kag fndcqka njg

m;a fldg" tu.ska u< N+ñh Ôjudk lruq' ^50(9-11&

98

) c,h o" tu.ska mK .id biau;= jk me<Eá o w,a,dyaf.a wdYs¾jdohla jYfhka

i|yka lrkq ,efí' tksid tlS w.kd wdYs¾jdohka wmf;a fkdheúh hq;=h' tajd

wdrlaId l< hq;=h' ta jkdys uy fmdf<dj idrj;a lrkakd jQ fiajhls'

) Tn w;ßka flfkl= w; b|s me<hla ;sfnk ;;a;ajh ;=< mrudka; oji t<efU;ehs

;snqK o th frdamKh lrkak' ^;s¾ños& hkqfjka kì î,a& ;=ud l< m%ldYh me,

isgqùfï jeo.;alu lshd mdk m%udKj;a idlaIshls' uqia,sïjrhl= úiska frdamKh

lrk ,o .ilska fyda j.djlska fyda mlaISka fyda i;=ka fyda wkqNj l<d kï" frdamKh

l< whg th iold fõ' ^nqydß&

) me<Eá úkdY lsÍfuka fmdf<dfõ iu;=,khg ydks isÿfõ' thska ñksia Ôú;hg

n,mEï isÿfõ' w,xldrh ;=rka fõ' fmdf<dfõ WKqiqu jeäùug th fya;= fõ'

wjYH;djg úkd .ia lemSu bia,dufhka ;ykï fõ' wnQnlal¾ ;=ud ̂ r<s& ish fiakdjg

l< oS¾> WmfoaYfhys" .ia fkdlmkak' tajd .sks fkd;nkak' m< ork lsisu .ila

fkdlmkakehs i|yka lr ;sfí'

) budñ ìka yqihsud ìka idì;a ;=ud ̂ r<s& fufia mjihs' Wu¾ ;=ud ̂ r<s& uf.a mshdKka

wu;d my; i|yka f,i úuikq ug weisKs' Tn Tfí bvlvï j.d fkdlsÍug

fya;=j l=ula o@ tys oS uf.a mshd" uu uy`M ñksfila' fygu uefrkakg mq`Mjka

hkqfjka ms<s;=re ÿkafkah' bkamiq Wu¾ ;=ud ^r<s& uf.a mshd iu. tla j j.d lrkq

osáñ' ^cdñW,a lî¾&

) bvu iïmQ¾Kfhka m%fhdackhg .; hq;=h' tys me<Eá isgqúh hq;=h' mqrka j fkdyeßh

hq;=h hk úIhfhys bia,dï ie,ls,su;a fjhs' ;jo" iudc Ôú;h ;=<" ñksid

me<eÍj,g wdorh lrñka tajd j.d lr .ekSu bndo;hlehs bia,dï wjOdrKh

lrhs'

ñksia whs;sjdislï

² ñksid ñksil= jYfhka Ôj;a ùu wjYH fõ' Tyq w,a,dyaf.a ksfhdað;hd jYfhka l%shd;aul

úh hq;=h' fï i|yd fyf;u iajdëk úh hq;= fõ' Tyq iajdëk j Ôj;a jkq msKsi" Tyqg

ysñ whs;sjdislï ,nd oSu wjYH fõ' Wmosk úg ñksid iajdëk f,i WmoS' fyf;u

whs;sjdislï N=la;s ú|Sfï wjYH;dfjka yd fhda.H;dfjka Wm; ,nk nj ienEjls'

² c.;a b;sydifha ñksia whs;sjdislï ms<sn| is;=ú,a, my< jQfha l%s'j' 13 jk Y;j¾Ifha

wdrïNfhaoS hehs o l%s'j'1215 uyd m%{ma;sh uq,au ksoyia m%{ma;sh hehs o lshkq ,efí'

tys j¾Okhla f,i 1948 ys tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ñksia whs;sjdislï ms<sn| m%{ma;sh ìysúh'

tfy;a Bg Y;j¾I yhlg fmrd;=j u bia,dï" ñksia whs;sjdislï .ek iïmQ¾Kfhka u

l:d fldg yudr l< j. b;sydih úiska jika lrkq ,nhs'

² ñksid fld;ek" flfia miq fj;;a ñksil= jYfhka Tyqg ,nd oS ;sfnk whs;sjdislï

N=la;s ú|sh yels nj bia,dufha woyi fõ' bia,duh úiska ,nd oS we;s whs;sjdislï

ñksid isák ;;a;ajhg ñi wka lsisÿ iqÿiqlulg ,nd ÿkakla fkdfõ' bia,dufha ñksia

whs;sjdislu w,a,dya úiska msßkuk ,oaols' th lsisjl= úiska meyer .ekSug fyda wvq

lsÍug fyda kqmq`Mjk' th ñksil= úiska fokq ,nkakg fyda wdmiq .kq ,nkakg kqmq`Mjk'

99

tu.ska ieu fokdu md,kh fõ' ia:dhS fõ' fkdfjkiajk iq`Mh' fjkia fkdfjhs'

wLKavj l%shdjg kxjkq ,nhs' fïjd .ek ie,lSfï oS bia,dï úiska ,nd oS we;s ñksia

whs;sjdislï osjHuh iajNdjfhka ieÿï ,oaola nj o" ukqIH n,mEïj,g ,la fkdjkakla

nj o meyeos<s fõ' ukao h;a" rdcHhka fyda fmdÿ wdh;k fyda úiska whs;sjdislï ,nd

oSfuys oS" ñksidf.a reÑ wreÑlï n,mEï we;s lrhs' we;eï úfgl ke;akï we;eï

whj¨kag ,nd fok whs;sjdislï we;eï úfgl fyda we;eï whj¨kag ksfIaO jkqfha ta

ksidfjks' fuu ;;a;ajh bia,dufhys we;s fkdfõ' md,lhka iy md,s;hka" w;S;fha

Ôj;a jQjka yd wkd.;fha Ôj;a jkakjqka hk fï ish¨ fokdu tl iudk whs;sjdislï

N=la;s ú|s;s'

² bia,dï úiska ,nd oS we;s whs;sjdislï my; i|yka f,i ,ehsia;=.; l< yels fõ'

) Ôj;a ùfï whs;sjdislu

- oßø;dj fya;=fjka Tfí orejka >d;kh fkdlrkak' ^>d;kh fkdlrk fuka

w,a,dya úiska ;ykï lrk ,o lsisjl= idOdrK fya;= úrys;j >d;kh fkdlrkak'

6(151&

- Is¾lhg wk;=rej uyd mdmh jYfhka fuh .efka'

) Ôú;h /l .ekSfï whs;sjdislu

- hïlsis flfkl= fjk;a flfkl= widOdrK f,i >d;kh lrkafka o" fya ishü

ñksiqka >d;kh l<dg iudk fõ' hïlsis flfkl= lsishï Ôú;hla - wd;auhla -

Ôj;a lrjkafka o fyf;u ishü ñksiqka Ôj;a l<dg iudk fõ' ^5(32&

- fuys oS >d;kfhka /l.ekSu hkq" widOdrK f,i flfkl= >d;kh lsÍu muKlehs

fkd.efka' f,vfrda." ;=jd<" l=i.skak yd c,fha .s,Su hkdoS urKhg fya;=jk

lreKqj,ska /l .ekSu o woyia fõ'

) m;sj; /l .ekSfï whs;sjdislu

- ^úYajdislhsks& Tn .Ksld jD;a;shg ióm o fkdjkak' ukao h;a th wjuka

iy.; fuka u krl l%uhla o fõ' ^17(52&

- kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud iEu fokdu fiiaikaf.a Ôú;h" foam< yd m;sj; hkdoS lreKq ;=k

wdrlaId lr.; hq;= fj;ehs yÊc;=,a úod foaYkfha oS wjOdrKh lf<ah'

) uQ,sl Ôjk ;;a;ajh w;alr .ekSfï whs;sjdislu

- Tjqkaf.a Okfhka is`.uka hoskakkag yd fkdhoskakkag fldgila ;sfí' ̂ ish,a,kag

u oka fo;s'& ^51(19& ñksidf.a uQ,sl wjYH;djka jk wdydr" we÷ï" ksjyk"

ffjoH m%;sldr yd wOHdmkh hkdosh flfkl= fj;ska fyda lsysm fofkl= fj;ska

b,a,d ,nd .ekSug whs;sjdislï ;sfí' Woõ Wmldr lsÍug lsisjl= fkdue;s úg

/ln,d .ekSfï j.lSu rchg mejf¾'

100

) fm!oa.,sl whs;sjdislï

- fuys,d m<uqjeks ñksid" my<l= fkdù ksoyia j Ôj;a ùfï whs;sjdislu fõ'

ñksiqka ;=ka fofkl=g tfrysj uu mrf,dj o jdo lrñ' Tjqkaf.ka m<uqjekakd"

ñksiqka jy,afldg" úl=Kd" tu uqo,ska hefmkakd ^nqydß& hkqfjka kì î,a& ;=ud

mejiSh' bia,duh y÷kajd fokq ,enQ ld,fha oS Bg fmrd;=j yd miqj o" jy,a

l%uh mej;sfha h' fun÷ jy,a l%uh bia,dï ;rfha fy<d olshs' Tjqka ksoyia

lrk fuka o" Tjqkaf.a whs;sjdislï ,nd fok fuka o wK lrhs'

) B<`.g" wêlrK úNd.hlska f;drj w;awvx.=fõ fkd;nd ksoyfia miqjkakkag i,iajk"

ksoyi ,nd .ekSfï whs;sjdislu

- kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud foaYkhla mj;ajñka isáh oS" iNdfõ isá flfkla —;u wi,ajeishd

lskï fya;=jla i|yd w;awvx.=jg m;a j isàoe˜hs m%Yak lf<ah' Bg ms<s;=re fkdoS

kì î,a& ;=ud os.gu l;d lrñka isáhy' Tyq fojk jrg;a ke.sg tu m%Yakh

ke.Sh' kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud o l;dj fkdkj;ajd u mj;ajñka isáhy' bkamiq kì ̂ i,a&

;=ud" m%Yak ke`.+ mqoa.,hdf.a wi,ajeishd ksoyia lrk fuka wod< whg ksfhda.

lf<ah'

) hïlsisfjl= úiska lrk ,o jrolg fjk;a flfkl= w;awvx.=jg .ekSfï l%shdfjka wdrlaId

ùfï whs;sjdislu

- mq;d isÿl< jrog mshd" ñ;=rd l< jrog ñ;=rd hkdoS jYfhka w;awvx.=jg .ekSfï

l%shdj bia,dï fkdbjihs' jrola fkdl< ;eke;af;l= o~qjï ,eîula fuys oS

isÿfõ' fï ksid fm!oa.,sl whs;sjdislug ydkshla isÿfõ' flfkl=f.a nr fjk;a

flfkla fkdWiq,hs' ^6(164& hkqfjka fuh w,al=¾wdkfha olajkq ,efí'

) hqla;sh b,a,d isàfï whs;sjdislu

- úYajdislhks" hqla;sh ia:dms; lsÍfïys,d" w,a,dya fjkqfjka Tn oeä idlaIslrejka

jkak' ñksiqkaf.ka tla msßila flfrys we;s oafõYh ^Tjqkg& lDDrlï lrkakg

fmd<Ujkakla fkdúh hq;=h' ̂ fld;rï oafõYhla ;snqKo& Tn hqla;shu bgq lrkak

) iudkd;au;d whs;sjdislu

- ñksiqks ksh;jYfhka u wms Tn,d msßñhl= yd .eyeKshlf.ka ks¾udKh lf<uq'

bkamiq flfkl=" wfkld y÷kd .kq msKsi Tn ieu YdLd yd f.da;%slhka lf<uq'

^49(13&'

- lsisÿ wrdìjrfhla wcñjrfhl=g jvd Wiia fkdfõ' lsisÿ wcñjrfhla

wrdìjrfhl=g jvd Wiia o fkdfõ' ish¨ fokd u wdoïf.a orejka h' wdoï ujkq

,enqfKa miaj,sks' ^nhsylS&

101

) iydh oelaùfï iy fkdoelaùfï whs;sjdislu

- yrla o l=i,g yd ^w,a,dyag& ìh ne;sfhka Tn,d tlsfkldg iydhj isákak'

wl=i,hg yd wksgqlïj,g Tn,d tlsfkldg iydh fkdolajkak' w,a,dyag muKla

ìhjkak' ukao h;a" ksh; jYfhka u o~qjï lsÍfuys,d w,a,dya oeä h' ^5(2&

² Ôú;hg yd foam< Okhg wdrlaIdj ,eîfï whs;sjdislu

hïlsisjl= lsishï úYajdislhl= ^Tyq úYajdislhl= nj fyd|ska oek isáh oS& is;du;d u

>d;kh lf<a kï" Tyqg wod< o~qju wmdhhs' Tyq tys i\ygu /f|kafka h' w,a,dya

Tyq flfrys l=ms;j Tyqg Ydm o lrkafka h' yer;a buy;a fõokdj o Tyq fjkqfjka

fjka fldg ;sfí' ^4(93& u<jqka ke.sgqjkq ,nk oskfha Tfí mru ysñhd" yuqjk ;dla

Tfí Ôú;yd ika;l foaj,a tlsfkld meyer .ekSu ;ykï fldg we;ehs kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud

ish yÊc;=,a úod foaYkfha oS i|yka lf<ah'

² udkj .re;ajh wdrlaId lsÍfï whs;sjdislu

úYajdislhsks" lsisÿ msßñfhl= wkalsisÿ msßñfhl=g iroï fkdlrkak' Tjqka îroï

lrk& fudjqkag jvd Wiia jkakg mq`Mjk' ^tfuka u& lsisÿ .eyeKshl wka lsisÿ

.eyeKshlg iroï fkdlrkak" Tjqka ̂ iroï lrk& fudjqkag jvd Wiia jkakg mq`Mjk'

Tn w;ßka flfkl= wfkla mqoa.,hd .ekmy;afldg l;d fkdlrkak' Tn w;ßka flfkl=

^krl& kï mg fkdn|skak' úYajdih ;eîfuka miq krl mgne|s kï" uy;a mdmhls'

^fïjdhska& fkdje<l=fKda ljqrekao" ÿIaGfhda Tjqyqu h' ^49(11&

² fm!oa.,sl Ôú;fha .re;ajh wdrlaId lsÍfï whs;sjdislu

úYajdislhks" iel idxldj,ska fndfydaúg Tn j<lskak' ukao h;a" we;eï lreKqj, oS

iel lsÍu wl=i,hls' ^lsisÿ flfkl=f.a jxyqx .ek& Tn ydrd úuiSfuka neyer jkak'

^49(12&

úYajdilhks" Tfí fkdjk f.j,g Tng ̂ msúfikakg isÿfõ kï& tys isák whg i,dï

lshd ^Tjqkaf.a wjirh ,efnk ;dla& fkdmsúfikak' fufia yeisÍu Tngu b;d hym;a

fõ' ^fuh wu;l fkdfldg& Tn ie,ls,su;a jkak' ^24(27&

flfkl= Tyqf.au ksjig jqj o yosisfhka u fyda ryiska fkdmsúish hq;= nj kì î,a&

;=ud mjid ;sfí' msg whf.a ksfjia ;shqKq f,i ne,Su o ;ykï fldg ;sfí'

² ÿIag md,khg tfrysj igka jeoSfï whs;sjdislu

widOdrKhg ,lajQjka yer wka lsisfjl= lsisÿ flfkl=g m%isoaêfha krl jpkj,ska

lEfudr oSfï l%shdj w,a,dya m%sh lrkafka ku ke;' ^4(148&

² woyia m%ldY lsÍfï whs;sjdislu

úYajdih ;enQ msßñ yd úYajdih ;enQ .eyeKq ^tlsfkld& wdrlaId lr .ks;s' Tjqyq

^flfkl= wfkldg hym; wKjñka& whym; j<lajñka ^miqfj;s& ^9(71&

fudjqkag wm úiska md,k n,h ,ndÿka l,ays hym;g wKj;s' whym;a foaj,ska j<laj;s'

^22(41&

102

Tn w;ßka hï lsisjl= kmqr ÿgql< th ish fodfyd;aj,ska je<elaúh hq;=h' fkdyels

kï osfjka ̂ jpkj,ska& je<elaúh hq;=h' tfia;a fkdyels l< isf;ka fy<d oelsh hq;=h'

fuh Budkfha ÿn, uÜguhs' ûqia,sï&

² /iaùï meje;aùfï whs;sjdislu

^úYajdislhsks& Tn w;ßka msßila bosßm;a ù Tjqka ^ñksiqkag& hym; lrd le|jñka

whym;ska j<lajñka isákak' ch.%dyl jkqfha fun÷ whhs' ^3(104&

² j;a ms<sfj;a bgqlsÍfï whs;sjdislu

^bia,dï& wd.fuys n, lsÍula ke;' uxuq<dfjka ksis ud¾.h meyeos<s úh' ^2(256&

wd.ï ,o whj¨ka iu`. YsIag iïmkak m%hukdm ú,dYfhka úkd jdo fkdlrkak' ̂ 26(46&

w,a,dya fkdjk hï fohla Tjqka le|j;a o tajdg Tn mßNj fkdlrkak' ^6(104&

² foaYmd,k lghq;=j,g iyNd.S ùfï whs;sjdislu

Tjqkaf.a iEu lghq;a;lau ;uka ;=< idlÉPd lr .ks;s' Tn w;ßka lsisjl= ienE

jYfhkau úYajdih ;nd i;al%shd lf<a kï" mQ¾j.dóka ûyfmdf<djg& wêm;Ska njg

m;a l<d fia u fudjqka o" uy fmdf<djg wêm;Ska njg m;a lrk nj o Tyqg ßis

wd.fuys o fudjqka ia:dms; ler ;nk nj o" fudjqka ìh" ixys|shdj yd iqrlaIs;Ndjhg

m;a lrk nj o ksh; jYfhka u w,a,dya fmdfrdkaÿ ù ;sfí' ^24(55&

by; i|yka l< ishü whs;sjdislï ia;%S mqreI fomd¾Yajhgu fmdÿ jQjls' bia,duh

y÷kajd fokq ,enQ wjêfha mqreI mlaIh whs;sjdislï iys;j Ôj;a jQy' tfy;a iuyr

fldgiaj,g whs;sjdislï wysñ ù ;snqKs' n,j;d ÿn,hka md.df.k whs;sjdislï fkdoS

isá ;;a;ajhla mej;sKs' ldka;djka iïnkaOfhka i,lk l," Tjqyq fndfydaúg

whs;sjdislï wysñ lrk ,oafoda jQy' hï hï Woúh muKla whs;sjdislï ,nd isáhy'

ldka;djkag Ôj;a ùfï whs;sh fkdùh' tkï mqreI mlaIhg fkdfyd;a iudc iïm%odhhg

wkqj ;u Ôjk rgdj mj;ajd.; hq;= ;;a;ajhla olakg ;sìKs' woyia m%ldY lsÍfï

ksoyi" wOHdmkh ,eîfï ksoyi yd újdy ùfï ksoyi hkdosh wysñ ù olakg úh'

fufia ,nd ÿka ishü whs;sjdislï bia,duh úiska ,nd fok ,oS' msßñhdg yd ldka;djkag

iudkd;au;dj hkq fiiq m%cdjkaj, olakg ,efnkjdg jvd bia,dufhys fjkia fõ' ia;%S

mqreI fomd¾Yajhu iajNdjh yd l%shdldrlï wkqj" we;eï lreKqj, oS msßñkag o"

;j;a hï hï lreKqj, oS ldka;djkag o m%uqL;dj i,id oS ;sfí' kdhl;aj j.lSu

iïnkaOfhka msßñhdg o" orejka yodjvd .ekSu iïnkaOfhka .eyeKshg o m%uqL;dj

i,id ;sîu ksoiqkla fldg olajkakg mq`Mjk'

103


mshjr 1 ( bia,dóh iudc Ôú;fha jeo.;alu" iudc jHQyfha" úfYaIdx." iudcfha

flakaøia:dkh jYfhka uiaðoh wdosh ms<sn|j isiqkag úia;r lrkak'

mshjr 2 ( isiqka lKavdhï y;rlg fnod tla tla lKavdhug my; i|yka ud;Dld ,nd

foñka ta .ek f;dr;=re fiùug u. fmkajkak'

) bia,dóh iudc Ôú;fha jeo.;alu" iudc idOdrK;ajh" iduQysl j.lSï iy

kdhl;ajh ms<sn|j bia,dóh oelau

) j;auka uiaðoj, ;;a;ajh yd tajd mqk¾ks¾udKh lsÍug Wmfoia

) cd;Ska w;r hym;a iïnkaO;djka f.dvke.Sug bia,dufhka ,efnk Wmfoia

mshjr 3 ( lKavdhï tlsfkl /ialr .;a lreKq bosßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj i,id fokak'

mshjr 4 ( woyia yqjudrefõ idrdxYh ,shd.kakg oekqj;a lrkak'

wdY%s; .%ka:

1' .iaid,s uqyïuoa" ̂ 2004& bia,dóh T¨lal udkanqy,a" b,lalsh fia,hs m%ldYlfhda" fpkakhs'

2' yuqod w,aw;a;s" 61985& bia,dï Wx.,a md¾jhsl= I.I.F.S.O. l=jhsÜ

3' uqia;*d is*dB ^1999&" bia,dóh kdyßï " b,lalsh fida,hs" fpkakhs'

4' ks,s¾ tï' tÉ' tï' " bia,dóh kdyßy;a;Ska fldÜruqï j,¾Ñhqï ̂ 1985&" wIaIndí uqøKd,h"

fld<U'

5' wóka iS'tï'ta' ^1988&" iuQy mqkruhs,a uiaðoa y,ska mx.= " f¾kagd uqøKd,h" ;sydßh"

6' uõÿos uõ,dkd" ^2001& bia,d;a;s,a ukso Wßuhsy,a

7' w,ú wdisï" ^2005& ;,hsu;a;=jï ´¾ bia,dóh wkqy,a ^2005&" bia,dñla mí,sflaIka

fikag¾" fld<U'

8' uqyïuoa l=;=í ^1978& " whahuqï f;,sjqï "bia,ñla mí,sflaIka fikag¾" fld<U'

9' uqia;*d ukjhs ^1996&" bia,djqï iuh k,a,sylaluqï " iõod mí,sflaIka" fpkakdhs

10' wlarï" uqyïuoa ^2003&" knhsuqrhsflaÜr bia,dï " uqi,audka uqøKd,h" miahd,

11' Iqlaß tï' ta' tï' ^1995&" bia,d;a;s,a ukso Wßuhsy,a " fírej, bia,dóh fj,shSÜgqma

m¾hyï

104

ksmqK;dj 9'0 ( iudc Ôú;h yd iïnkaO bia,dóh kS;sÍ;s yd WmfoaY oek ta wkqj

ish Ôú;h ilia lr .kshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'2 ( jD;a;Sh yd jHdmdßl lghq;=j, oS bia,dóh úêúOdk jgydf.k

ms<smoshs'


bf.kqï M, ( ² bia,dóh wd¾Ól l%ufha úfYaIdx. oek mjihs'

² bmehSug bia,dï ,nd oS we;s jeo.;alu yd ms<sfj;a úia;r lrhs'

² jD;a;Sh yd jHdmdÍl lghq;=j, oS fjf<|du" lDIsl¾uh" yia;

l¾udka;h" fiajd iïnkaO kS;s Í;s yd ms<sfj< idlaIs iu`. bosßm;a

lrhs'

² iudc Ôú;h yd iïnkaO .kqfokq ms<sn|j jgydf.k fiiaika

iu`. woyia yqjudre lr .kshs'

² bia,dï j<lajd we;s wd¾Ól l%shdldrlïj,ska je<lS isáhs'

² bia,dï miq Wreuh ms<sn| kS;sfha jeo.;alï yd ms<sfj;a jgydf.k

mjihs'


bia,dóh wd¾Ól l%ufha úfYaIdx.

² ñksidf.a wjYH;djhka yd tajd bgq lsÍug Wmfhda.S jk iajNdjfha wdYs¾jdoh w;r

mj;sk ñksia l%shdldrlï .ek wOHhkh lrk úIhfhys ñksidf.a uQ,sl wjYH;d f,i

ie,flkafka wdydr" we÷ï" jdiia:dk" wdodhu hkdoshhs' fïjd bgq lsÍu i|yd Okjdoh"

iudcjdoh jeks wd¾Ól l%u ìys úh' wvqmdvqlïj,ska hq;a fuu wd¾Ól l%u osfkka osk

wd¾Ólh wdY%s; .eg¨ ìyslrñka isà' Ôú;fha wfkla wx. mfil,d wd¾Ól iuDoaêh

muKla b,lal lrf.k fïjd l%shd;aul jk ksid ñksia Ôú;fha wfkl=;a wx. n,mEïj,g

,la fjñka ;sîu oelsh yelsh'

² bia,dï wdOHd;añl j¾Okhla iys; wd¾Ól j¾Okh ie,iqï lr we;' tkuq;a fuu

foúosfha ixj¾Okfhka f,dalh uq`Mukska ch.%yKh ,eìh hq;= kï" bia,dufha úúO

wx. iuld,Skj iïmQ¾K f,i l%shd;aul úh hq;=h' Bg mgyeksj tys tla fldgila

muKla l%shd;aul lr wfkla fldgia w;yeÍu u.ska n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk mQ¾K ixj¾Okh

oel .; fkdyels fõ'

bia,dóh wd¾Ól l%ufha úfYaI .=Kdx.

1' w,a,df.ka ,nd .kakd ,o foaj .=Kfhka iukaú; h'

Ndú;fha ;sfnk wd¾Ól l%u ñksia is;=ú,sj,ska ìys jQ tajd h' tuksid tys ñksia

ÿ¾j,;d jeäfhka olakg ;sfí' kuq;a bia,dóh wd¾Ól isoaOdka; jyS ys u. fmkaùfuka

105

f.dvkxjd we;s ksid tys foaj .=Kh olakg ,efí' fï ksid fuh mßmQ¾K yd b;d

iqÿiq wd¾Ól l%uhla fõ'

2' iuld,Skj kuHYS,S fkdjk .=Kfhka yd kuHYS,S jk .=Kfhka l%shd;aul jk wd¾Ól

l%uh

fuys foaj;aj .=Kh iys; fldgi kuHYS,S fkdjk f,i;a bÊ;sydohg fkdfyd;a

m¾fhaIKhg wh;a fldgi kuHYS,S .=Kh iys;j;a ;sfí' tuksid fuu wd¾Ól l%uh

ish¨ ld,j,g iß,k wdldrhg mj;S'

wkuHYS,S wd¾Ól úêúOdk

- fuu úYajfha mj;sk ish¨ iïm;a w,a,dyag wh;a h' w,a,dya wK mk;aj,g

wkqju ñksid tajd Wmfhda.S l< yel' ;jo wyiaj, yd fmdf<dfõ we;s ish,a,

w,a,dyag wh;a h' ^53(31&

- ñksidf.a uQ,sl wjYH;d bgqlr .ekSug fuu iïm;a Wmfhda.S lr .ekSu iy;sl

lr we;' tla tla mqoa.,fhl=f.a uQ,sl wd¾Ól wjYH;djhka bgqlr oSfï j.lSu

fuu wd¾Ól l%uh Ndrf.k we;' Tjqkaf.a Okfhka b,a,kakkag;a" b,a,kafka

ke;s whg;a lsishï whs;shla we;' ^70(24-25& kì î,a& ;=ud' myiqlï ke;s

whf.a j.lSu Ndr.ekSu uf.a hq;=lu h' tjekakka ud fj;g meñfK;ajd ̂ ydlsï&

hkqfjka mejiQy'

- Okh pl%SlrKh i|yd bia,dóh wd¾Ól l%uh u. mdohs' tuksid msßila fj;

Okh /iaù wiu;=,s; ;;a;ajhla ìysùu fuu.ska j<lajd,hs' Okh Tn w;r

isák Okj;=ka w;r muKla pl%Sh.; fkdù ;sîu i|yd ' ' ' ̂ 59(7& hk w,al=¾wdka

jelsh fuu úêúOdkh iaÓr lrhs'

- jia;%ka ms<sn| mqoa.,sl whs;sh bia,dóh wd¾Ól l%ufha iy;sl lrkq ,en we;'

tkï jia;=j ;nd .ekSfï whs;sh yd úhoï lsÍfï whs;sh Tyqg ,nd oS we;'

msßñka bmehQ foaj,a msßñkag wh;a h' ldka;djka bmehQ foaj,a Tjqkag;a' ^4(32&

hk w,al=¾wdka jdlHh fuu úêúOdkh iaÓr lrhs'

- bia,dóh wd¾Ól isoaOdka;fha wd¾Ól ksoyi iSud lr ;sfí' Ôú; wjYH;d fidhk

úg l=¾wdka yd iqkakd mekjQ kS;sÍ;s lvl< fkdyel' th wkqu; lrk ,o

bmehSï l%uh" j<lajk ,o bmehSï l%uh hkdoS f,i j¾. folg fnoS we;'

Tn,df.a Okh Tn w;f¾ widOdrK f,i fkd.s,skak' ^2(188& hkqfjka l=¾wdkh

wK lrhs'

- úhoï l%uj;a lr kdia;sh j<lajhs' fndre wdfgdamh j<lajd .; hq;=h' iSudj

blaujd kdia;s fkdlrkak' ksh; jYfhka u kdia;s lrkakka ffI;dkaf.a ifydaorhka

jkafkda h' ^17(26& hk l=¾wdka jelsh fuu Í;sh f.k fohs'

- by; i|yka úêúOdkhka ish,a, ld,h wkqj fyda m%foaYh wkqj fjkia jkafka

ke;' fld;ekloS;a" l=uk ld,fhaoS;a" fïjd iaÓrju mj;shs' fïjd fjk;a

u;j,g bvla fkd;nk foaj .=Khla iys; úêúOdkhka h'

106

kuHYS,S;djhla iys; fyda m¾fhaIKhg ,lal< yels úêúOdk

- wd¾Ól lghq;=j, oS rcfha ueosy;aùfï m%udKh ;SrKh lrk l%shdud¾.

- iudc kS;sh msysgqjd,Su i|yd jk l%shdud¾. l%shdjg kexùu

- ld,Sk wd¾Ól ;;a;ajhkag wkqj wd¾Ól ie,iqï we;s lr l%shdjg kexùu'

- wd¾Ól wxY" fmdÿ whs;sh ;ks whs;sh f,i fjkia lsÍï iïnkaO iSudjka f.k

tau'

- fõ;k iïnkaO ;SrKhka .ekSu'

- fmd<sh yd iïnkaO l%shdldrlï meyeos<s lsÍu'

- fjkia fkdjk kS;s" fjkia jk kS;s wdY%S; j bia,dóh wd¾Ólh pl%Shkh jk ksid

th hym;a wd¾Ól l%uhla f,i ia:djr ù we;'

3' iajNdj O¾uhg yd ñksia iajNdjhg WÑ; wd¾Ól l%uh

iajNdj O¾uhdf.a kS;s lvlsÍug fyda ñksia iajNdjhka iu`. ñY% ù Ôú; isoaOdka;

úkdY lsÍug fyda bia,dóh wd¾Ól l%uh bv fokafka ke;' WodyrKhla jYfhka

ÿrdpdrh wdodhï bmehSfï ud¾.hla f,i .ekSu bia,dï ;ykï lr we;' th

iajNdj O¾ufha kS;sh lv lsÍuls' u;ameka ksIamdokh" fnodyeÍu" Ndú;h hkdosh

bia,dï j<lajd,hs' tajd ñksia iajNdjh fjkia lrk ksid h' Tn ÿrdpdrh fj;

<xfjkak tmd' ksh; jYfhka u th ,eÊcd rys; fohls' ;jo ^fjk;a úkdYhla

lrd /f.k hk& jeros ud¾.hla o jkafka h' ^17(32& ^5(90-91 n,kak& u;a lrjk

ish,a, u;aøjH fõ' ish¨ u;aøjH yrdï fõ' ûqia,sï&

4' bia,dóh wd¾Ól l%uh iodpdrhg;a" ixialD;shg;a uQ,sl;ajh fok wd¾Ól l%uhls'

l=uk j¾.hg wh;a ksIamdokhla jqj o fnodyeÍula jqj o mßfNdackh jqj o th

iodpdrh yd ixialD;sh ke;s lrhs kï bia,dï th wkqu; lrkafka ke;' WodyrKhla

jYfhka we÷ï ksIamdokh" fnodyeÍu" mßfNdackh" Ñ;%má ksIamdokh" m%ldYkh"

ne,Sug bia,dóh iodpdrh" ixialD;shg mgyeks fjf;d;a bia,dï th wkqu; lrkafka

ke;'

5' iudc hym; yd mqoa.,sl hym; w;r y÷kd .efkk wd¾Ól l%uh Ndú;fha mj;sk

wd¾Ól l%uj,ska Okjdoh mqoa.,sl hym; muKla wruqKq lrf.k l%shd;aul fõ'

iudcjdoS wd¾Ól l%uh iudc hym; muKla ie,ls,a,g .kshs' kuq;a bia,dóh

wd¾Ól l%ufhys ñksidf.a úfYaI;ajh l%udkql+, j j¾Okh lr .ekSug;a iudc

hym; iq/lSug;a" WmfoaYhka bosßm;a lr we;' tlla fjkqfjka ;fjlla ke;s

lr.ekSu bia,dï wkqu; lrkafka ke;' tlla wfkl u; /f|ñka wjYH;djh bgq

lsÍfï l%ufhka th l%shd;aul fõ'

6' bia,dóh wd¾Ól l%uh wOHd;añl wjYH;djh" f,!lsl wjYH;djh hkdosh ie,ls,a,g

f.k wd¾Ól l%shdj,ska l%shd;aul lrhs' ñksid YÍrh" wd;auh yd oekqu hkdosfhka

iukaú; jk ksid yqfola u ,dNh muKla ie,ls,a,g f.k fyda YdÍßl wjYH;d

107

muKla ie,ls,a,g f.k fyda wd¾Ól ie,iqï l%shd;aul lrjkafka ke;' wOHd;añl

wjYH;d yd f,!lsl wjYH;d ie,ls,a,g f.k wd¾Ól ie,iqï l%shd;aul lrhs'

fuksid ñksia yrhhka wdrlaId flf¾'

7' fuu l%uh osjHuh iajNdjh orkakla neúka th wdYs¾jdod;au" ixj¾Okd;aul jQjls'

w;S;fha uekúka l%shdjg kxjk ,o ld, jljdkqj, tys iY%Sl;ajh olskakg mq`Mjka

úh' fuu w¾: l%uh w;ayer ouk ,o ksid" j;auka w¾: l%uh lrKfldg f.k

Ôú;fhys .eg¨ mek ke.S ;sfnk nj olskakg mq`Mjk'

8' bia,dóh wd¾Ól l%shdldrlu bndo;a jYfhka i,lkq ,nhs' th w,a,dyaf.a kshuhkg

wkqrEmS j l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk neúka h" th bndo;hla jkqfha'

Okh bmehSu i|yd bia,dufhka ,eî ;sfnk jeo.;alu

Okh bmehSug fyda Wmhd Ôj;aùug bia,dï oS we;s jeo.;alu

² ñksid w,a,dyaf.a ksfhdað;hka jk neúka Tyqf.a hemSug wjYH myiqlï w,a,dya úiska

fuu úYajh ;=< i,id oS ;sfí' Ôj;aùu i|yd myiqfjka ,nd.; yels mßoafoka

w;HdjYH foaj,a ilid oS ;sfí' fjk;a we;eï myiqlï fidhd ,nd.; yels mßoafoka

ilid oS ;sfí' fukhska ñksid ;udg wod< Ôjk wjYH;djka fidhd ,nd .kakd mßY%uh

Okh fiùu fyj;a bmehSu jYfhka bia,dufhys y÷kajkq ,efí'

² Tng fuu uyfmdf<dj we;sß,a,la flf<a Tyqh' tneúka tys iEu os.aNd.hlgu f.dia

Tng ,nd oS ;sfnk foaj,a wkqNj lrkak' ^67(15&

² mrf,dfjys oS lsisÿ ìh ielhlska f;drj w,a,dya uqK.efikakg mq`Mjk' Y%ñlhkaf.a

fõ;k" idOdrK f,i f.ùu wjYH fõ'

jD;a;Sh l%shdldrlï w;ßka fj<fy<|du

² bia,duh úiska wkqu; lrk ,o .kqfokq w;r ^w,a*hsW& fjf<|du o fõ' fjf<|du

hkq wf,úlre iy .ekqïlre" fjf<kaod iy mdßfNda.slhd wkqu; l%uhg jQ leue;a;

mßos" m%;s,dN ,ndf.k" ;ksj whs;s jia;=jla" flfkl= wfkldg oSu fjhs'

² w,a,dya fjf<|du y,d,a fldg fmd<sh ;ykï lf<ah' ^w,al=¾wdkh 2(275&

² Y%ufhys Wiia jkafka l=ulaoehs kì î,a& ;=udf.ka úuik ,o úg we`.m; uykaisfhka

lrk /lshdj iy wjxl fjf<|du nj t;=ud ms<s;=re ÿkafka h' ^wyauoa&

² bia,dï" fjf<|du wkqu; fldg ;sfnk nj by; i|yka l=¾wdka iy yoSi b.ekaùïj,ska

iy;sl fõ'

² fj<fy<|dï msKsi jk ishü uxfm;a w,a,dya úiska ilid oS ;sfí' ñysmsg iEu

os.aNd.hlu úúO j¾.fha NdKav w,a,dya biau;= lrhs' tajd f.dvìï ud¾.j,;a"

iuqÿre jd¾.fha yd .=jkska m%jdykh lsÍfï myiqlu ñksidg ,eî ;sfí' tajd yqjudre

lr .ekSfï myiqlï i,id oS ;sfí' fï ish,a, idOdrK f,i Ndú;h lrñka

fjf<fy<|dïj, fhfokakdg f.!rjh yd oshqKqj ysñ fõ'

108

² úYajdijka; i;HjdoS fjf<kaod" mrf,dfjys oS kìjreka" isoaoslSka î;HjdoSka& iy

iqyodjreka iu. isà' ^bíkq udcd&

² bia,dufhys" fjf<fyf<|du bndo;a jYfhka i,lkq ,nk neúka ta i|yd kS;sÍ;s

ilid we;'

² fjf<fyf<|dï ms<sn| kS;sÍ;Ska w;r th bgqùu msKsi jk fldkafoais jeo.;a fõ'

) uqia,sïjreks" .súiqï bgq lrkak' ^5(1&

) uqia,sïjre ;ukaf.a I¾; bgqlsÍug ne|S isá;s ^wyauoa&

² fjf<fyf<|dï ms<sn| fldkafoais ms<smeoSu uqia,sï fjf<÷kaf.a j.lSu fõ'

1' .ekqïlrejka yd wf,úlrejka fyd| isyshla ke;s" îu;a j miqjk" ukaonqoaêl fyda

yhy;r fkdf;afrk orejka fyda fkdúh hq;= fõ'

2' fjf<| NdKavh

fjf<| NdKav' msßisÿ yd m%fhdackj;a tajd úh hq;=h' tfia fkdj" kÔia ;ykï lrk

,o fyda ksIaM,odhl fohla fyda fkdúh hq;=h' ksoiqkla jYfhka i;a;aj u<l=Kq"

iQlr udxY" ksis f,i fkdlmk ,o i;a;aj udxY" m%;sudjka" jdoH NdKav" my;a

ye`.Sï l=`M.kajk .S ;eá" mska;+r" ùäfhda leiÜ mg fyda u;aøjH hkdosh wf,ú

lsÍu bia,duh úiska ;ykï lefrk nj i|yka l< yels fõ' fïjd wOHd;añl"

idudðl" wd¾Ól" fi!LHuh yd iodpdrd;aul ÿ¾úmdl w;aler fok tjd h'

bfíu ñh.sh î;=ka&" reêrh"" iQlr udxY iy w,a,dya fkdjk foaj, kï lshk ,o

tajdh Tng yrdï lr ;sfnkqfha' ^2(173&

ksh; jYfhka u w,a,dya iy Tyqf.a ¥;hd" u;ameka" ñh.sh i;=ka" W!rka" ms<su

wdosfhys fjf<fyf<|du ;ykï l<y' ^nqydß&

² fjf<| Ndkavh" úl=Kkakdg whs;sjQjla úhhq;= w;r" .ekqïlreg ,nd.; yels fohla

yd ;;a ld,fha i;=j ;sfnkakla úh hq;=h' ;j flfkl=g fyda rchg fyda wh;a fohla

úl=Kkakg kqmq`Mjk' tfuka u uqyqfoa we;s uiqka" wyfia mshdir lrk mlISka iy

fkdbÿKq m,;=re hkdosh o ksoiqka fldg oelaúh yels fõ'

² whs;s ke;s foaj, fjf<|dula ke;' ^yoSia&

² w,a,dya m,;=r ;ykï l<d kï" Tn w;ßka lsishï flfkl= ish ifydaorhdf.a jia;=j

.; hq;af; auka o @ ^nqydß&

² NdKavh o" ñ,o ksYaÑ; jYfhka oekqj;a fkdjQ foaj,a o wf,ú lsÍu ;ykï ler ;sfí'

tfy;a weig fkdfmfkk wofmk .=Kh .ek oekqj;a j isákafka kï wf,ú l< yels

fõ' ksoiqka ( ákal< uiqka" is,skav¾ .; .Eia

109

Bcdí lnQ,a

fjf<kafol= ;ud ika;lfha meje;s NdKavhla wf,ú l< nj mejiSu Bcdí kï fõ'

ksYaÑ; NdKavh ;ud ñ,g .;a njg lrk m%ldYh lnQ,a kï fõ' Bcdí iy lnQ,a

meyeos<s f,i m%ldY lsÍu yd fï fol w;r m%udohla fkdisÿùu wksjd¾h fõ' budï

kjú;=udf.a ^r<s& woyi wkqj jHjydrfha oS iudch úiska Bcdí iy lnQ,a hkqfjka

is;k m%ldY" l=vd mßudK fjf<| jHdmdrj, oS ms<s.kq ,efí' tfy;a uyd mßudK

fjf<| jHdmdrj, oS Bcdí yd lnQ,a rys; j th j,x.= fkdjk nj budï .iaid,s

;=udf.a ^r<s& woyi fõ'

² fjf<| .kqfokqj, oS ;ykï jQ lreKq

1' fndre osjqreï oSu

fjf<|dfï oS fndre osjqreï oSu ;=<ska hï fohla iy;sl lrkq ,nk úg tys yrdï

;;a;ajh ;j;a oeä fõ' idudkHfhka fkdosjqrk f,i o" úfYaIfhka fndre osjqreï

fkdfok f,i o iì î,a& ;=ud úiska j<lajd ;sfnkqfha tneúks'

osjqÍu" wf,úh jeä lrhs' tfy;a wdYs¾jdoh ke;s lrhs' ^nqydß&

fjf<| .kqfokqj, oS ks;r ks;r osjqÍfï l%shdjg kì î,a&;=ud .ryd we;' ukao"

fuh ñksiqka uq<d lrkakg lrkq ,nkakls' w,a,dyaf.a kduhg wod< .re;ajh isf;ka

;=rka lrhs'

2' lsreï ñkqïj, jxpd lsÍu

lsrd ke;akï uek" NdKav .kakd úg m%udKh jeäfldg .ekSu o" lsrd uek fok úg

m%udKh wvqfldg oSu o" lsreï ñkqï jxpdj" l;aîí hkqfjka ye|skafõ' fuh

w,al=¾wdkfha iy iqkakdyafõ oeä .¾ydjg ,la fõ'

m%udKh ̂ ksis ñkqï oKafvka& iïmQ¾Kfhka ukskak' nr idOdrK f,i lsrkak' lsksod

Ôúfhl= ^ñksfil=& tys Yla;shg jvd wms n, fkdlruq' ^6(152&

Tn o uksk úg iïmQ¾Kj ukskak' ^lsrk úg& ksis nrg lsrkak' fuh ^Tng& b;d

hym;a jkafka h' úYsIag m%;sM, o fokafka h' ^17(35&

fï .ek kì î,a& ;=ud fufia mejiQy' —úl=Kk úg o" ñ,oS .kakd úg o" ish

Wreulu mjik úg o ;Hd.YS,S j l%shd lrk mqoa.,hdg w,a,dya wdYs¾jdo lr;ajd˜

hkqfjka kì kdhl ;=ud î,a& fï .ek m%ldY lr ;sfí' ^nqydß" ;s¾ños&

lsreï ñkqïj, oS b;d idOdrK f,i l%shd lsÍu" nqoaêhg wf.dapr jQjla jqj o"

uqia,sïjrfhl= fuys,d ;udg yels Wmßufhka idOdrK j l%shd l< hq;=h'

lsisod Ôúfhl=g tys Yla;shg jvd n,fldg ke;ehs w,al=¾wdkh i|yka flfrkafka

ta njh' uqia,sïjrfhl= ;udg tla;rd ñkqï oKavla o" ;ud leue;s wh fjkqfjka

fjk;a ñkqï oKavla o fiiaikag ;j;a ñkqï oKavla o ;nd .ekSu idOdrK fkdfõ'

iEu ñksfil=f.a u foam, Okh iïnkaOfhka idOdrKh yd kS;s.rel f,i l%shd l<

hq;= fõ' wkqkaf.a Okh widOdrK f,i .kakd Woúh fnfyúka Nhdkl fj;s'

110

4' NdKav ie`.ùu - w,a bya;syd¾

NdKav fjf<|fmd<g fkd,efnk mßoafoka j<ld ke;akï i`.jd tu.ska b,aüla

we;sfldg ñ< jeäùulg u`. i,ik fm%davdldÍ Wml%uhls' bia,dï fm!oa.,sl

;r.hg yd fj<|fmdf<a iajdNdúl ;r.hg ksoyi i,id oS ;sfí' tfy;a ;DIaKdfjka

l=`M.ekaù fiiaika ÿlg;a lrorhg;a m;afldg Okh Wmhkak hdu bia,dï ;rfha

wjjdo lrhs' NdKav ie`.ùu j<lñka kì;=ud î,a& my; i|yka foaYkdjka lf<a

tneúks'

ñ, jeäùula wfmalaId lrñka osk y;<sylg jvd i`.jd ;nkjqka w,a,dya neyer

lrhs' ^wyauoa&

ñ, jeäjk ;dla NdKav i`.jd ;nkakd mdmsfhls' ûqia,sï& úl=Kkakd ,dN ,nhs'

i`.jkakd Ydmhg ,lafjhs' ^bíkq udcd&

by; i|yka yoSih mdol ler .ksñka bia,dóh kS;s úYdrofhda NdKav ie`.ùfï

;;a;aj folla ;ykï ù we;s nj i|yka lr;s'

^w& NdKav ie`.ùu rgjeishkg lrk ydkshla jk ;;a;ajh

wd& fjf<kaod ish ,dNh jeälr .ekSfï wruqKska lD;%su f,i ñ, jeäfldg wf,ú

lrk ;;a;ajh

5' nd, lsÍu yd uq<d /jàu

wf,úfhys yd ñ,g .ekSfuys,d ck;dj iu`. ine|shdj ;sfnk ishü lghq;=j,

jxpd lsÍu yd uq<d lsÍfï l%shdj bia,dï ;ykï ler ;sfí' uqia,sïjrfhl= iEu

wjia:djloS u wjxlj yd i;HjdoS j lghq;= l< hq;=h' yqfola ,dN ,eîu ;ld tajd

wysñ fkdlr .; hq;= fõ' fï .ek kìî,a& ;=ud my; i|yka f,i mejiSh'

lsishï NdKavhl ishü úia;r meyeos<s j fkdlshd úlsKSu y,d,a ke;' ̂ tu NdKavfha

wvqmdvq .ek okakd flfkl= fkdlshd isàu o y,d,a fkdfõ'& ^ydlsï" nhsyls&

jfrl kì î,a& ;=ud fjf<| fmd<g f.dia fjf<kafol=f.a OdkH f.dv ;=<g w;

fmdjd neÆ úg th f;;a j ;sfnkq osàh' ta ukaoehs fjf<kaodf.ka úuiQ wjia:dfõ

th jeiaig f;uqKq nj fya lSh' ñksiqkag fmfkk mßoafoka th msg;ska fmfkkakg

;nkakg neßoehs Tyqj mejeiQ kì î,a& ;=ud wm uq<d lrk Woúh wmf.a md¾Yajfha

wh fkdfj;s hs lSh' ûqia,sï&

6' fidr nvq fyda fld,a,lE nvq ñ,g .ekSu

wmrdO ;=rka lsÍu uqia,sïjrekaf.a j.lSu fõ' jeroslrejka wl¾uKH lrkq msKsi"

fidrlï lrk ,o" fld,a, lk ,o fyda widOdrK f,i ,nd.;a NdKav hehs oek.;a

lsisu fohla ñ,g .ekSug bia,dï wjir oS ke;' tf,i ñ,g .ekSu widOdrKhg

w;ys; oSuls'

111

7' fidrlï lrk ,oaola nj oek oek" fidr nvqjla ñ,g .kakd wl=i,h yd fidrlï

lsÍfuka w;ajk wmlS¾;sh o fnod .kS' ^nhsylS&

fidrlï lrk ,o fyda kS;s úfrdaë f,i meyer .;a jia;=jla kS;Hdkql+, fkdfõ'

^Bg whs;slreg ;sfnk whs;sjdislu ke;sù hkafka o ke;'& l,a miqjqj o yrduh"

y,d,a fkdfjhs'

8' uiaðofha fjf<fyf<|dïj, ksr; ùu'

uiaðoh ;=< fjf<fyf<|dï lsÍfï l%shdj we;eï úh;=ka wkqu; l< o" th ys;lr

l%shdjla fkdjk nj nyq;r úh;=kaf.a woyi fõ'

Tn" uiaðoh ;=< wf,úlrefjl= fyda .ekqïlrefjl= ÿgqjd kï w,a,dya Tfí fjf<|du

,dN iy.; fkdflf¾jd hs Tyqg lshkak hehs kì î,a& ;=ud mjid we;' ^;s¾ños&

cqïwdjg l=*qjqï l<dg miq" fjf<|dï lsÍu mjd yrdï h hk woyi budï wyauoa

^rya& jkakka i|yka lr;s'

8' ñ,md,kh - w;a;iaB¾

.ekqïlre yd wf,úlre hk fomd¾Yajfha hym; .ek i,ld NdKavj,g ksYaÑ;

ñ,la ks¾Kh lsÍu ^jHjydrfha& ñ, md,kh hkqfjka y÷kajkq ,efí'

tla;rd wjia:djl we;efula" —w,a,dyaf.a ¥;hdfKks" NdKavj, ñ, jeä ù ;sfí' ta

ksid ñ, md,kh lrkake˜hs kì ̂ i,a& ;=udf.ka b,a,d isáhy' Bg t;=ud —ñ, md,kh

lrkakd Ôjk myiqlï yl=<kakd - jeä jeäfhka ,nd fokakd yd Ôú;hg w;HjYH

foaj,a ,nd fokakd w,a,dya h' NdKavj, fyda Ôú;j, widOdrKlï fldg ta fya;=fjka

lsisfjl= ud jrolrejl= fkdl< ;;a;ajhka w,a,dya uqK.eiSug leue;af;ñ˜ hs ms<s;=re

ÿkafka h' ^wyauoa&

rch úiska ñ, md,khla lsÍu kqiqÿiq nj fuu yoSifhka wjOdrKh fj;ehs bia,dóh

úh;ayq mji;s' th widOdrKhla yd wd¾Ól ksoyi md,kh lrkakla jYfhka mj;S'

mdßfNda.slhdf.a hym; .ek i,lkjd jf.a u fjf<kaodf.a hym; .ek o ie,lsh

hq;= fõ' ñ, md,kh ;=<ska mdßfNda.slhd fjf<kaodf.a wlghq;=lïj,g ,lajkakg

bv ;sfí'

ñ, md,khl= i|yd bia,dufhys bvlv ke;s jqj o iuia; fjf<|fmd<gu n,mE

yels mßoafoka" fjf<kaoka widOdrK f,i wêl ñ,la kshu lsÍug fmf<fUf;d;a

rcfha ueosy;a ùu;a wjYH fõ' ta wkqj NdKav ie`.ùu je<elaùug;a" widOdrKh

;=rka lsÍug;a ñ, md,kh l<hq;= njg budï ud,sla jeks úh;ayq woyia olaj;s'

112

fmd<sh - w¾ßnd

² fjf<|dfuys,d je<elS isáh hq;= B<`. m%Odk lreK jkqfha fmd<shhs' fmd<sh iq`M jqj o"

úYd, jqj o th yrdï fõ' fmd<sh iïnkaOfhka w,al=¾wdkfha fufia i|yka fõ'

² úYajdislhks" Tn îenE& úYajdislhd kï w,a,dyag ìfhka fmd,sfha ^fï ;dla ,enQ foh

yer& b;sßh ^fkdf.k& w;yßkak' Tn fufia l%shd fkdl<d kï"w,a,dya iy Tyqf.a

¥;hd iu`. hqo joskakg iQodkï jkak' tfy;a Tn ^fmd<sh .ekSfï fya;=fjka miq;eú,s

ù& je<l=Kd kï" Tnf.a jia;=fjys uq,a f;d.h Tng wh;a h' Tn widOdrKlï fkdlrkak'

^tla j& Tn widOdrKhg ,la fkdúh hq;=h' ^2(278-279&

² lsishï m%foaYhl fmd,sh yd .Ksld jD;a;sh me;sr .sh úfgl tu m%foaYjdiSka ;uka

úiska u w,,adyaf.a o~qju m;s; ler .;af;da fj;s hs kì î,a& ;=ud mjid we;' ^w,a

ydlsï&

² fmd,sh wkqNj fkdlrkak' th wkqNj lrjkakd" Bg idlaIsjkakd yd th ,shkakd hk

ish,a,kagu w,a,dya Ydm fldg we;ehs kìî,a& ;=ud i|yka lr we;' ̂ wnq odjqoa" ;s¾ños&

² bia,dufha muKla fkdj" mQ¾j wd.ï jk hqfoõ" l%sia;shdks wd.ï o fmd,sh ;ykï lr

;sfí'

² oeka fmd,sfha j¾. .ek i,ld n,uq'

fmd<s j¾. folls' tajd kï"

1' ßnd wkakiswd

2' ßnd w,a*<a,a

ßnd wkakiSwd hkq" Kh ysñhd" Khlref.ka m%udo jQ ld,h fjkqjg ,nd.kakd jQ kshñ;

w;sf¾l uqo,a m%udKhhs'

ßnd w,a*<a,a hkq" wvq uqo, jeä uqo,lg o" wvq wdydrh jeä wdydr m%udKhlg o

yqjudre lr .ekSuhs'

m<uq j¾.h fuka u fojeks j¾.h ienE fmd,shg u`. fmkajkakla neúka yrdï fõ'

² fï .ek kìî,a& ;=ud fufia m%ldY lf<ah' rka ldishla rka ldis follg o" ßoS

ldishla" ßoS ldis follg o wf,ú fkdlrkak' ukao uu fmd,sh iïnkaOfhka ìh fjñ'

^jquka;d" ud,sla&

² NdKav yhlska fujeks fmd<sh .ekSu j<lajd we;s nj yoSiaj,ska oek.kakg ;sfí' tajd

kï" r;a;rka" ßoS" ;sß`.=" nd¾,s" rgb|s" osh¨kq h'

² r;arkaj,g r;arka o" ßoSj,g ßoS o" osh¨kqj,g osh¨kq o jYfhka iudk m%udKfhka ta

ta wjia:dfõ u yqjudre lr .; hq;= h' ta úkd" m%udKh jeäl<fyd;a ke;akï jeä

lrk fuka b,a,d isáhfyd;a fokakd yd ,nkakd hk fofokd u fmd,S .kqfokqj, ksr;

jQfjda fj;s' ^nqydß&

113

² yoSij, úfYaIfhka fulS NdKav yh muKla fya;=j" fïjd ñksia Ôú;fha uQ,sl wjYH;d

ùuhs' rka yd ßoS .kqfokq udOHhla yd ñ,j,g ñkqï oKavla fjhs' fiiq y;r m%Odk

wdydr øjH fõ' fïjdfha fmd,sh iïnkaO fjf;d;a th uyck;djg fnfyúka n,mdhs'

fï wkqj uyck hym; ;ldu úfYaIfhka fïjdhska jeämqr ,eîu ;ykï fldg we;'

r;arka" ßoS yd ñ, kS¾Kh lrk udOH fuys wvx.= fõ' ^ksoiqka ( uqo,a&

;jo ksYaÑ; ;;a;ajfha mj;sk ksYaph fkdjQ NdKav o wvx.= fõ' ^ksoiqka ( iy,a&

tu ksid rka ßoS jeks foaj,a fyda Bg iudk NdKav yqjudre lr .kakd úg ^ksoiqka (

rkaj,g rka" ;sß`.=j,g ;sß`.=& fldkafoais folla ;sfí'

1' folu iudk m%udKfhka ùu' fuys oS j¾.h fyda ;;a;ajh fyda .ek fkdie,lsh

hq;= h' ksoiqkla jYfhka iïnd lsf,dajla r;= iy,a lsf,da 11$2 lg yqjudre fkdk,

hq;=h' th fmd,sh fõ' fuu l%shdj u y,d,a njg m;alr .ekSug kï" uq,ska u" r;=

iy,a whs;slre th iïnd iy,a whs;slreg uqo,g wf,ú l< hq;= fõ' fuys oS

ñ,fhys fjkila isÿùu .eg¨jla fkdfõ'

2' NdKav yqjudrefõ oS tlla oS" wfkl m%udo fkdl< hq;=h' ta ta wjia:dfõu yqjudre

lr .; hq;= h'

NdKav folu j¾.fhka fjkia j wruqKska iudk j ^ksoiqka ( rka yd ßoS& m%udKfha

fjki yrdï fkdfõ' tfy;a" fuysoS m%udoh kqiqÿiq h' ksoiqka jYfhka rkaj,g ßoS

yqjudre lr .kakd úg m%udo fkdfldg ta ta wjia:dfõ u lr .ekSu fldkafoaish fõ'

tfy;a m%udKhka fjkia j ;sîu jrola fkdfõ' fuys oS wvq r;a;rka m%udKhlg jeä

ßoS m%udKhla .; yels h' fukhska u ;sß`.= yd nd¾,s yqjudrej o lr.; yels h'

yqjudre flfrk NdKav folu j¾.h yd wruqK hk folrefKys u fjkia kï

kshñ; fldkafoais folu wkjYH fõ'

;jo" rka" ßoS yd m%Odk wdydr hkdosh yer wfkla tajdfha m%udKh fjki iy m%udoh

jeros fkdfõ' ^ksoiqka ( t`Mfjl=" t`Mjka fofofkl=g yqjudre lr .; yels fõ'&

wd¾Ól jYfhka o fmd<sh wksgq M, úmdl we;s lrkakla nj meyeos<s lreKls' jHjydr

f,dalfha olakg ;sfnk wd¾Ól yd iudchSh m%Yak yd msßySï óg fyd| WodyrKhls'

jD;a;Sh l%shdldrlïj, oS f.dú;ek

² bia,dóh oelau wkqj" ñksid w,a,dyaf.a ksfhdað;hd h' ksfhdakh ia:dms; lrkq msKsi

foaj mKsúvj,ska u`. fmkajd we;' tkhska u" ksfhdað;hl= jYfhka Ôj;a ùug yels

mßoafoka w,a,dya uy fmdf<dfõ we;sß,a,la ú,i ujd ;sfí' tys" ñksidg wjYH .yfld<

ujd we;' Ôú;hg wjYH foaj,a tajdhska t<s olajhs' fïjd u.ska ñksid ish wdydr

wjYH;dj imqrd .kS' fï w;ska ñksid ish wd¾Ól wjYH;dj, m%Odk ;ek .kakd wdydr

wjYH;dj imqrd .kq msKsi lrkq ,nk Okh bmehSï w;ßka f.dú;ek o tlls'

² wdos ñksid jQ wdoï ;=ud ^w,hs& f,djg tjkq ,enQ od mgka wdydr wjYH;dj i|yd

f.dú;eka n;a lrk ,o nj oek.kakg mq`Mjk' fuu l%shdj udkj ixy;sh úiska

fkdlvjd mj;ajd f.k tk ,oS' w,a,dya úiska tjk,o fndfyda kìjre f.dú;ekan;a

114

lrñka Ôj;a jQ njg ksoiqka w,al=¾wdkfha iy iqkakdyafõ olskakg ;sfí' fï lghq;a;g

iß,k mßoafoka w,a,dya uy fmdf<dj ujd we;s nj o mjihs'

;jo w,a,dya Tn fjkqfjka uy fmdf<dj we;sß,a,la flf<ah' ta u; Tnf.a .uka ìuka

i|yd úYd, uxudj;a o ueùh' ^71(19"20&

² wyfia isg j¾Idj my< lf<a Tyq h' tu.ska iEu j¾.hlu .yfld<hla u wms fy<s

flf<uq' tfiau yß; ̂ ks,a,& fy<s flf<uq' t;=<ska îc j¾. iqyqnq,a lr,a fy<s lf<uq'

^6(99&

² wm ^jeys j<d& Wiq,k iq<x tjuq' bkamiq wyiska c,h my< lruq' th Tng fndkakg

i,iajuq' Tn tajd /ialr ;nkafka o ke;' ^15(22&

² by; i|yka w,al=¾wdkSh mdG wkqj" f.dú;ekg iqÿiq mßoafoka w,a,dya N+ñh ilia

fldg oS we;s nj úia;r fõ' j¾Idj" iq<`." fmdf<dj" .yfld< hkdoS ish,a, .ek fuys

úia;r fõ' f.dú;eka lrñka wdydr wjYH;dj myiq lr.kq msKsi w,a,dya fufia ilia

fldg ;sfí'

² kì î,a& ;=ud foaYkjka o f.dú;ek fmd<Ujkaklaj we;' uqia,sïjreka f.dú;efkys

fhoS isá nj b;sydih mqrd olskakg ;sfnkqfha tneúks'

² wfhl=g bvlvï we;akï Tyq tys f.dú;eka l< hq;=h' ke;akï th ish ifydaorhdg

oka osh hq;=h' th kqmq`Mjka kï ;udg u ;nd.kakg mq`Mjk' ^nqydß" uqia,sï&

² bvlvï we;akï" th mqrka j fkdyeßh hq;= nj fuu yoSifhka oelafõ' ;udg neß kï

wfkla whg fyda oka fok fuka mejfia' Okh bmehSfuys,d f.dú;ekg we;s jeo.;alu

.ek fuu yoSifhka fy<sorõ lefrhs' — whs;sjdislï fkdlshk bvula hï flfkl=

ireidrj;a l<d kï Bg iqÿiaid Tyqu h˜' ^nqydß&

² whs;sjdislï fkdlshk bvul f.dú;eka lrkakdg tu bvu wh;a fj;ehs i|yka lsÍu

o lDIsl¾ufhys jeo.;alu f.k yer mdkakls' uoSkd jeishka fndfyda úg f.dùyq jQy'

uoSkdjg ysÊr;a l< wjêfha tys úiQ jeisfhda rgb|s .iaj, mrmrd.kh isÿlrk l%ufõo

fhdoñka isáhy' iyS*a uqia,sï ys igyka ù we;s yoSihl fuh i|yka fõ' iydNsjreka

fld;rï ÿrg lDIsl¾ufhys oshqKq ù isáfha oehs fuhska meyeos<s fõ'

² uqia,sïjrfhl=" me<eáhla isgqjd ke;akï j.djla l< miq lsishï ñksfil=" i;l= fyda

mlaIsfhl= th wkqNj l< o" th Tyqg odkhla njg m;a fõ' ûqia,sï&

² bia,dóh oelau wkqj" f.dúhl= fuf,dj muKla fkdj mrf,dj oS o úYsIag wdksixi

,ndk nj fuu yoSifhka meyeos<s flf¾' fuh uqia,sïjreka f.dú;ek kshe,Su osß.kajhs'

² mqrka ìïj, j.d lsÍu" lDIsl¾uh iy w|hg oSu hkdoS ud;Dld hgf;a yoSi

ixialdrljreka" yoSi ixialrKh lr ;sfnkafka o kS;sfõoSka fuu ud;Dld hgf;a ;Skaÿ

oS ;sîu o uqia,sïjreka lDIsld¾ñl lafIa;%fhys fhoùu i|yd jQ u`. fmkaùu h'

115

² lDIsl¾u lafIa;%fhys fldgia folls' tys o jeo.;a fldgia folls'

1' me<Eá yd OdkH iu`. iïnkaO foaj,a

2' i;a;aj md,kh yd mlaIS md,kh

² fmdÿfõ bia,dóh wd¾Ól uQ,O¾ufhys w,a,dya úiska ;ykï lrk ,o lsisÿ ksIamdokhla"

fnod yeÍula fyda mßyrKh lsÍu ;ykï ù ;sfí' fïjd fndfyda úg ñksia Ôú;h"

YÍrh yd oekqug n,mdk foaj,a h' lDIs ksIamdok o w,a,dya kS;sfhka neyer jQjla

fkdfõ' me<Eá j¾. w;r ksIamdokh lsÍu" fnodyeÍu yd mßfNdackh lsÍu ;ykï

lrk ,o tajd o we;' ksoiqkla jYfhka yISia" ÿïfld< yd lxid hkdosh olajkakg

mq`Mjk' tu ksid f.dúfhl= tajd j.d lsÍu ;ykï jQjls'

² i;a;aj md,kfhys o ;ykï lrk ,o tajd ;sfí' fï w;ßka uqia,sïjrekg mßfNdackh

;ykï jQ i;=ka uqia,sï fkdjkakka fjkqfjka jqj o ksIamdokh l< fkdfya' ksoiqkla

jYfhka W!rka we;s lsÍu oelaúh yelsh' tfy;a bia,dufhka wkqu; jQ i;a;aj md,kfhys

ksr; ùug mq`Mjk' fndfydaúg kÔjre o tys ksr; jQy'

jD;a;Sh l%shdldrlïj, l¾udka;

² wd¾Ól úoHdfõ uQ,sl wjYH;djla jk wdydr wjYH;dj imqrd .kq msKsi lDIsl¾uh

fld;rï ÿrg bjy,a fõ o" ta ;rug u l¾udka; lafIa;%h o Ôú;fha fndfyda wjYH;djka

imqrd .ekSug bjy,a jk nj fmfka'

² w,al=¾wdkh iy iqkakdyafjka fuhg jeo.;alula fokq ,nkqfha tneúks' kì;=udf.a

î,a& jD;a;Ska w;r fY%aIaG jD;a;sh l=ula oehs wikq ,enQ úg l¾udka; iy fndrej ñY%

fkdjQ fjf<|du ^wyauoa& hkqfjka t;=ud ms<s;=re ÿkafkah' fuh" kì î,a& ;=ud úiska

m%Yxid;aul uqLfhka mjik ,o bmehqï l%uhls' w,al=¾wdkh o" l¾udka; lafIa;%h

msKsi jk u`.fmkaùï iy tys wjYH;dj .ek úia;r lrkq ,efí' kìjreka l¾udka;j,

ksr; jQ wdldrh .ek o w,al=¾wdkfha i|yka h' óg uQ,sl fya;=j jkqfha Ôú;h myiq

lr .ekaug ñksidg fuu lafIa;%h wjYH njhs' l¾udka;h fiiaikg b.ekaùu iqkak;a

jQ bndo;hlehs bia,dóh kS;sfõoSka i|yka lrkqfha ta ksid h'

² jHjydßl f,dalfha hlv f,dayh flakaø lrf.k uyd mßudK l¾udka; /ila isÿ

flfrhs' Ôú;h iqj myiq lr .ekSug th kka whqßka bjy,a jk nj fmfka' w,al=¾wdkfha

o fndfyda ;ekaj, hlv f,dayh .ek i|yka fõ' tla;rd iqrdyajl w,a yoSoa fõ' hlv

yd iïnkaO l¾udka; l%uh o w,al=¾wdka úia;r lrhs'

² wms hlv my< lf<uq' tys úYd, Yla;shla o" ñksiqkag wmuK m%fhdack o we;' ̂ 57(25&

fuu mdGh .ek úia;r bosßm;a l< l=¾wdkSh úh;ayq úYd, Yla;sh hkq" hqowúj,g

uQ,øjH jYfhka hlvh Ndú; flfrk nj yd wmuK m%fhdack hkq tosfkod Ôú;hg

wjYH flfrk NdKav yd l¾udka;j,g wjYH WmlrK ksIamdokh o y`.jknj i|yka

lr;s'

;jo wms Tyqg hlv fudf,dla lf<uq' ^34(10-11&

116

;jo Tn,df.a igkaj, oS Tn,d wdrlaId lrkq msKsi" ikakdy iEoSug Tyqg b.ekajQfjuq'

tneúka fïjdg Tn,d ia;=;sjka; jkafkyq o @ ^21(80&

odjqoa kì;=uka ̂ w,hs& yd ine|s by; i|yka l=¾wdka mdGj,ska hlv yd iïnkaO l¾udka;

lafIa;%hkays t;=ud kshe¨Kq nj ikd: fõ'

² kQya kì;=ud ^w,hs& keõ ieoSfï l¾udka;fhys fhdojkq ,eîh' w,a,dyaf.a o~qjñka

/ljrKh ,eîu i|yd fufia úh' j;aufkys keõ .ukd.ukh ;=<ska rgj,a w;r

wdkhk wmkhk isÿfõ' keõ boslsÍfï l¾udka;h oshqKqjg m;a ù we;' fï nj

w,al=¾wdkfha my; i|yka f,i úia;r flf¾'

—;jo l÷ fuka uqyqfoa hd;%d lrk foaj,a o Tyqf.a idlaIsj,g wh;a h'˜ ^42(32&

² iEu kìjrfhl=u lsishï jD;a;shl ksr; jqkq nj b;sydifha fmfka' odjqoa kì;=ud

^w,hs& hlv wú wdhqO ksmeoùfuys o" ilßhd kì;=ud jvq l¾udka;fha o fhÿkdy'

iydndjreka w;ßka ldka;djka mjd l¾udka;j, fhoS we;' Wïuq yd;=,a uqñkSkajreka

w;ßka ihskí cyaIa ^r,s& ;=ñh oe,a úhd Ôj;a jQjdh'

² fof,da Ôú;h u ireidrj;a lrk l¾udka; lafIa;%fhys fhfok fuka bia,dï wjOdrKh

lrhs' tfia fkdj" wlSodj" iudc Ôú;h" YslaIKh yd idrO¾u jkik lsisÿ l¾udka;hla

bia,dufha wkqu; fkdfõ' ksoiqkla jYfhka" u;aøjH ksIamdokh yd my;a ye`.Sï

wjqiaik PdhdrEm ksIamdokh" ñksidg wksgq úmdl we;s lrk ksIamdok hkdosh ;ykï

fldg ;sfnk nj i|yka l< yels h' ta wkqj" l¾udka; lafIa;%fhys ksr;j Okh

bmehSu o bndo;hla jk nj iEu uqia,sïjrfhl=u oek isàu wjYH fõ'

jD;a;Sh l%shdldrlïj, fiajd jD;a;sh

² fiajd jD;a;sh o Okh Wmhk l%shdldrluls' ñksil= bgqlrk fiajh ;=<ska ish Ôjfkdamdh

i,id .kS' úúO jD;a;Ska we;' rdcH fiajh" fm!oa.,sl fiajh" md,l fiajd" .=re

jD;a;sh" ffjoH jD;a;sh" fyo fiajh" ,smslre fiajh"wdrlaIl fiajh" ikaksfõok fiajd"

.ukd.uk fiajh yd fi!LH fiajd jYfhka úúO fõ' fï tlsfkl fiajd mejÍug o

ks,OdÍyq m;a lrkq ,n;s'

² j.lSu Ndr .ekSfï oS ;k;=re oeÍfï oS Tjqkg hï hï n,;, mejf¾' j.lSï yd

;k;=re orkakka fj; fndfyda fofkl=f.a hyÔú;h msKsi jQ ie,iqï Ndr lrkq ,efí'

fï j.lSï bgql< l%uh .ek fudjqyq lshdudfjys oS úuikq ,nkafka h' ;ukaf.a ;k;=re

yd j.lSï .ek fudjqyq w,a,dya yuqfõ j.lsj hq;= fõ' tneúka j.lSï yd ;k;=re

orkakka" tajd ;uka fj; úYajdihg ;nk ,o wudk;a nj jgyd .; hq;= fj;s' wudk;a

hkq w,a,dya wK mßos" ñksid fuf,dfjys oS ish hq;=lï yd fiajdjka bgq lsÍu fõ'

² ksh; jYfhka u wyia yd uy fmdf<dj o" l÷ o" ^wfma wK& wudk;h ord .kakd f,i

oelaùuq' kuq;a tajd ord .ekSug m%;slafIam lrk ,oS' ta .ek ìh úh' tfy;a ñksid th

ord .;af;ah' ksh; jYfhka u ñksid ;=uQ ;udg wmrdO isÿlr .kakl= fuka u fudavhl=

o fõ' ^33(72&

² wudk;h ke;s mqoa.,hd fj; Budka o ke;' w,a,dya iu. jk .súiqï o ke;' ^wyauoa&

117

² Tn ish¨ fokdu j.lSï orkakka h' Tnf.ka iEu fokdf.au j.lSï .ek úuikq

,nkafyqh' ^nqydß&

² by; i|yka l=¾wdka yd yoSi u.ska j.lSï iy ;k;=rej, wudk;a ;;a;ajh .ek

meyeos<s lrkq ,efí' ;u j.lSï yd ;k;=re iïnkaOfhka iEu fokd u j.lSug ne|S

isák nj o f.k yer oelafõ' ta wkqj fiajd jD;a;Ska ys fhfok iEu fokdu kdhlhd

iu`. tl`.;djg tf<fU;s' fuu kdhlfhda md,lhkag o md,lfhda w,a,dyag o j.lSug

ne|S isá;s' fmdÿfõ ish¨ fokd u j.lsj hq;af;da fj;s'

md,lfhda

² j;aufkys rdcH mßmd,lhka ish¨ fokdu ta i|yd jegqma ,n;s' ckm;s we;=`M m%dfoaYSh

iNd uka;%Sjrfhl= olajd ish¨ fokdu cd;sl fiajlfhda h' fulS kdhl;aj ;k;=rej,g

m;a lrkq ,nkafkda w;sYh ie,ls,af,ka hq;=j l%shd l< hq;= fj;s' uyck;djf.a úYajdih

u; fuu j.lSï mjrd we;' fudjqyq w,a,dyag iy uyck;djg j.lsj hq;af;da fj;s'

fuh iqúYd, wudk;hls' w,a,dya ta .ek ishqï f,i úuikafkah'

jfrl wnqo¾ w,a ls*dß;=ud ̂ r<s& kì ̂ i,a& ;=uka fj; wjq;a Tn;=ud udj lsishï m%foaYhlg

wdKavqldrhd f,i m;a lrkafka keoaoe hs úuiSh' Bg kìî,a& ;=ud Tyqf.a Wrysig

;Ügq lrñka fufia lSh' —wnQo¾" Tn ÿ¾j,hs' fuu ;k;=r tla;rd wudk;hla' ̂ õYajdih

u; ;nkakla& mrudka; ojfia kïnqj;a" .re;ajh;a ke;s lr .kakd ;;a;ajhg m;a

lrkakla' kuq;a fuu j.lSu tys iEu nrla iu`.u ms<sf.k ms<s.;a foaj,a bgqlrk wh

fírd .kq ,nkafkda h'˜ ûqia,sï&

² iqÿiq whg ;k;=re msßkeóh hq;= nj by; i|yka yoSifhka wjOdrKh lrkq ,efí'

Wiia wOHdmk uÜgu" uy`.= m<mqreoao yd .=K hym;alï muKla ksid u iEu fokdu

iEu ;k;=rlg u iqÿiq jkafka ke;' j.lSï" ;k;=re iy n,;, l%udkql+,j yd

f.!rjdkaú; j bgql< yels mqoa.,hkag th mejßh hq;=h'

² lsishï msßila w;r" w,a,dyaf.a w;sYh leue;a;g wod< flfkl= isáh oS Tyq fldka

fldg" fjk;a flfkl= tu msßig n,Odßhd jYfhka m;a lrkafka ljfrla o" Tyq

w,a,dyag;a Tyqf.a kìjrhdg;a úYajdislhkag;a jxpd lf<a fjhs' ^w,a ydlsï&

² hqmaràia .f`.ka osh fndkakg hk Tgq megfjla jqj o lrorhlg m;a jqkd kï Bg fï

Wu¾" mrf,dfjys oS w,a,dyag j.lsj hq;= hehs Wu¾ ;=ud ^r<s& ;udg u mjid .;af;a h'

md,lhka ;u j.lSu ;lafiare lsÍug fuh m%udKj;a fõ'

² lsisÿ fijKla fkd,efnk mrudka; ojfia" w,a,dya mqoa.,hka i;a fofkl=g ish w¾Ih

hg fijk fok njg mjid we;' idOdrK md,lhd fkdfyd;a kdhlhd ' ' ^nqydß"

uqia,sï& md,k j.lSu uekúka bgq lsÍfï fY%aIaG;ajh yd wjYH;dj fuys,d w.hkq

,efí' fï wkqj" md,lfhda yd mßmd,lfhda ;u j.lSï bgq lsßfï oS idOdrK f,i

lghq;= l< hq;= fj;s'

fun÷ cd;sl fiajlhka" rgg;a rgjeishkag;a" fødays fkdù ck;djf.a hym;g ydkshla

fkdfldg" rfÜ iïm;a iQrd fkdlñka l%shd l< hq;=h'

118

rdcH fiajfha kshef,kakka

² úÿy,am;sjre" .=rejre" lÓldpd¾hjre" wOHdk ixj¾Okh Wfoid buy;a odhl;ajhla

or;s' foaYhl YsIH mrmqr fudjqka fj; mjrkq ,efí' fudjqkaf.a wudk;h iqrlsk

iajNdjh" fiajd iqÿiqlï" j.lSfuka l%shd lsÍu" jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï yd rdcldß ye`.Su hk

ish,a,u fudjqkaf.a fiajfhys n,mEï we;s lrhs'

² bf.kSu iy b.ekaùu b;d W;=ï jQjls' ukao" w,a,dya keK kqjk w;ska fiiq ish¨

i;a;ajhkg jvd ñksid Wiia fldg ;sfí' wd.ñl úh;l= ìys lsÍu yd fjk;a lafIa;%

iïnkaO úh;=ka ìys lsÍu *¾,a ls*dhd jYfhka bia,dóh kS;sfõoSka olskafka ta ksidfjks'

tfia kï" hym;a mqrjeishka iy W.;=ka ìyslrk fiajh orkakd jQ fudjqyQ wudk;a

hq;=lu orkafkda fj;s'

² Tn f,dfjys ^bgq l< hq;=& Tfí fiajh ^kiSnh& wu;l fkdlrkak' w,a,dya Tng

hym; i,id ;sfnkjd jf.a u Tn o hym; lrkak' ^28(77&

—wudk;h ke;s mqoa.,hd fj; wd.u ke;˜ ^wyauoa&

² úÿy,am;s yd Wm.=re jeks ;k;=re kqiqÿiaika fj; mjrkq ,enqfKa kï'rfÜ hym;a

mqrjeishka ìys ùu idlaId;a fkdfõ' jfrl kì;=uka ̂ i,a& fj; meñKs .%dóh wrdìjrfhla

mrudka; tf<fUkafka ljod oe hs úuiSh' —wudk;h ;=rka jQ úg mrudka; oji

n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkake˜hs t;=ud ms<s;=re ÿkafka h' —wudk;h ;=rka jkafka flfia oe˜hs

Tyq kej;;a úuiSh' —j.lSula Bg kqiqÿiq mqoa.,fhl=g Ndr l<úg mrudka; oji

n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkake˜hs kì î,a& ;=ud úia;r lf<ah' ûqia,sï&

² úÿy,am;sjreka" .=re Nj;=ka yd lÓldpd¾hjreka i|yd j.lSï ljf¾oehs olajd ;sfí'

wOHdmkh" YslaIKh yd úkh hkdoS lreKqj, oS ixj¾Okhla oel.; yels jkqfha tlS

j.lSï uekúka bgq lsÍu ;=<sks'

—uq#ñkajrfhl= ;ud lrk iEu l%shdjla u ksis f,i ms<sfj,g lrkq oelSu w,a,dyaf.a

leue;a;hs'˜ ^nqydß&

² wOHdmk fiajfhys ksr;j isákakkag wOHdmk jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï wjYH fõ' ke;akï th

ksis f,i bgq lsÍu wiSre fõ' jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlu ;=<" Wla; ;k;=rg wjYH flfrk

oekqu" l=i,;d" wdl,am" l%shd Yla;sh" wêIaGdkh " Wkkaÿj yd m%fõY l%uh msysáh

hq;=h'

² wOHdmk fiajfhys kshef,kakka ;u fiajfhys,d j.lSfukahq;=j l%shd l< hq;=h' my;

i|yka folrefKys,d TjqyQ jeo.;a ie,ls,a,la oelaúh hq;af;a h'

1' ksis l, meñKSu" ;udg mejÍ ;sfnk j.lSu ksis f,i bgqlsÍu yd rdcldß fõ,djka

wksis f,i Ndú; fkdlsÍu'

2' jegqma i|yd ;uka lrk rdclßh" ;udg yels Wmßu lemùfuka bgq lsÍu' fuh

fiajlhdf.a mlaImd;S;ajhg idlaIshls'

119

² tu ksid wOHdmk fiajfhys ksr; jkakka" ;u wudk;a j.lSu jgyd f.k bia,dufhka

wfmalaId flfrk hym;a mqrjeishka ìys lsÍfï l¾;jHfhys j.lSfuka hq;= j l%shd l<

hq;=h'

fi!LHh ^ffjoH" fyo" ,smslre& fiajdjka

² fi!LH fiajfhys ksr;jk ffjoHjreka fyoshka iy ,smslrejka hkdoSyq fiiq ckhdf.a

hym; yd ine|s fiajdjka bgq lr;s' fudjqkaf.a l%shdldrlï" rgjeishkaf.a iqjfif;ys

n,mEï we;s lrjk iq`Mh' tuksid" fujeks fiajdjka ys oS o wudk;h j.lSï ms<sn|

ye`.Su" fiajd iqÿiqlï yd rdcldß ye`.Su jeo.;a ;ekla Wiq,hs'

² fmdÿfõ lskï fiajd jD;a;shl fhfokakka jqj o" ;u ;k;=r i|yd jQ .súiqug wkqj

fiajh lrk fiajlfhda fj;s' Tyqg jegqma f.jk neúka Tyqf.a rdcldß fõ,dj" Tyqg

wod< fiajd ld,h fõ' tl," Tyqf.a is;" lh" is;=ú,s ms<sn| ishü yelshdjka yd

l=i,;djka Tyqf.a ;k;=frys fiajh i|yd fhoùu wjYH fõ' ta Tyqf.a rdcldß fõ,dj

;=< bgql< hq;= iEu l%shdjlgu fyf;u j.lsj hq;= fõ'

² ks,Odßhl=f.a rdcldßh jkqfha kshñ; fõ,djl ;uka uqK.eiSug tkakkaf.a ́ kE tmdlï

bgq lsÍu yd ine|s neúka rdcldß l,g fõ,djg ta ck;djg wh;a ld,fõ,dfjhs'

Tjqkaf.a whs;sjdislï tu ks,Odßhd úiska ksis mßos ,ndosh hq;= fõ' óg ksoiqka jYfhka

frday,l fiajh lrk ffjoHjrfhl=f.a fiajd ld,fõ,dj .ek i|yka l< yelsh' frda.Ska"

ffjoHjreka uqK.eiSug l,aurñka isáh o kshñ; ld, fõ,dfõ ffjoHjrhd fm!oa.,sl

frday,l l,a.; lrkafka kï th n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka l,a f.jk frda.Skag lrk

widOdrKhla jYfhka i,lkq ,nhs' ukao h;a" iEu fokdf.au Ôú;fhys,d ld,h b;d

jákd fohls' ffjoHjrhd iq`M ld,hlehs is;k ld,h frda.shdf.a me;af;ka jákd

fohla jkakg mq̀Mjk' fukhska u .=rejrhl=" lÓldpd¾hjrhl=" ,smslrejla fyda fyoshl

iukaf.a fiajd ld,fõ,dj ;=< .kakd wkqkaf.a ld,h Tjqkaf.a Ôú;fhys jákd fohla

jkakg mq`Mjk' tla mqoa.,fhl=f.a fkdfydìkd l%shdfjka fiiaikaf.a Ôõ;hg fyda

wOHdmkhg wksgq úmdl we;s lrkakla fkdúh hq;= h'

² fiiaikaf.a ld,h fidrd .kakd fiajd jD;a;slhka osjHuh j.lSu hk ye`.Su wysñ

lr.;a fiajlfhda fj;s' óg uQ,sl fya;=j jkqfha" w,a,dya úiska ;uka fj; mjrd

;sfnkakd jQ wkqka i|yd bgq l< hq;= j.lSï ms<sn| ye`.Sula ke;s ùuh ' j.lSu

iïnkaOfhka fudjqka ork WodiSk .;sh ksid wkqkaf.a hym; fkdi,ld yer" Tjqkaf.a

jákd ld, fõ,djka" iQrd lkakka wu;l fkdl< hq;= lreKla we;' by< jegqma ,nk

Wiia ks,Odßyq o" idudkH jegqma ,nk lïlrefjda o" uyck;djf.a nÿ uqo,ska jegqma

,nkafkda fj;s' tneúka" fiajd jD;a;Ska ys fhfok Woúh idOdrK f,i yd kS;s .relj

;u fiajdjka bgq lsÍu Tjqkaf.a j.lSu fõ'

120

iudc Ôú;h yd ine|s .kqfokq fyj;a bia,dóh jdksc wdh;k

² udkj b;sydifha uq,a wjêfha meje;s jdKsc l%shdldrlï ir, h' j¾;udkfha iudc"

w¾Ól" ixialD;sl yd ;dlaIKsl jYfhka f,dj fjkialïj,g n÷ka fjñka mj;S' uq,oS

olakg fkdjQ .kqfokq l%u yd fjf<| .súiqï oeka isÿfõ' fïjdhska iuyrla bia,dï

Ißw;h úiska wkqu; lrk ,o tajdh' ;j;a iuyrla bia,dóh IÍw;fhka m%;slafIam ù

;sfí' fï ksid kQ;k jdKsc wdh;k .ek oekqj;a ùu wjYH flf¾'

wkqu; fjf<| l%u

² uq,drnd

kQ;k bia,dóh úoajf;l= jQ w,a yîí kue;a;d uq,drnd jg my; i|yka woyi imhhs'

tla md¾Yjhl m%d.aOkh yd wfkla md¾Yjhl Y%uh o mdol lrf.k isÿ lrkq ,nk

jdKsc jHjidhfhka ,efnk m%;s,dNfhka fomd¾Yajhu odhl jk mßoafoka jk tla;rd

iduQysl fldgia iïuq;sh uq,drnd fõ'

bia,dï fuh wkqu; fldg ;sfí' l=¾wdkfha yd iqkakdyafjka fuh wkqu; ù we;'

bia,dóh úoaj;ayq o" fuh ksjeros hehs talu;sl j woyia olaj;s'

w,a,dyaf.a wdYs¾jdoh fidhd ñysmsg iEu os.aNd.hl u hkakg isÿfõ' ^2(198& ^62(60&"

^73(20& hkdoS mdG uq,drndj kS;Hdkql+,j iy;sl lr;ehs uqniais¾jre mji;s'

kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud kqnqõj;hg fmrd;=j loScd ;=ñh ̂ r<s& fj;ska fjf<| NdKav Idï foaYhg

/f.k .sfha uq,drnd l%uh hgf;a h' cdys,shahd wjêfha my<j mej;s fuu jdKsc

l%uh" bia,dufha iïm%dma;shg miqj kì î,a& ;=ud wkqu; lf<ah'

uq,drnd j,x.= ùu i|yd bia,dóh úoaj;=ka bosßm;a lr ;sfnk fldkafoais (

1' uq,drnd .súiqu msKsi jk jpk Ndú;h

2' uq,drnd .súiqug msúfikakka ^m%d.aOk ysñlre" jHjidhlhd&

3' m%d.aOkh ( th fhdok mqoa.,hg wh;a j fyda th mßyrKh lsÍfï n,h Tyq ,nd

isàu' NdKavfha .=Kh" iajNdjh" m%udKh hkdosh fjfiiska oek isákakla úh hq;=h'

4' Y%uh fkdfyd;a jHjidh ( mdvqj m%d.aOkh fhdokakd Ndr.; hq;=h' jHjidhlhd

fya;=ldrl ù kï Tyq th Ndr.; hq;= h'

5' ,dN fnoSu ( fomd¾Yajhgu wod< wkqmd;h ;SrKh ù ;sîu'

6' .súiqu iSud iys; fkdúh hq;=h' ksYaÑ; m%foaYhl" ksYaÑ; NdKavfhys mej;sh hq;=

hehs iSudjka fkdmekúh hq;= h'

my; i|yka ;;a;ajhka hgf;a uq,drnd .súiqu wfydais fõ'

1' by; i|yka fldkafoaishla fkdue;s ùu'

2' jHjidhlhd NdKav iq/lSfuys,d fkdie,ls,su;a ùu fyda .súiqfï wruqKg mgyeks

hula lsÍu'

3' jHjidhlhd fyda m%d.aOk ysñlref.ka fyda urKh

;jo jHjidhlhd" uq,drnd u.ska ,o uqo, fhdod fjk;a uq,drnd .súiqula we;s

lr.; fkdyels h' tf,i lsÍu iSudj blaujd hdula f,i .efka'

121

uqIdrld

² f,dfjys olakg ;sfnk ksIamdok jHjidhka yd jdKsc l%shdldrlï l=vd mßudKfhka yd

uyd mßudKfhka isÿjk nj olakg we;' uyd mßudK ksIamdokh yd jdKsc lghq;=j,

oS ;ks mqoa.,fhlag muKla fhosh fkdyels jd;djrKhla we;s jkakg mq`Mjk' fndfyda

fofkl= tla ù uqo,a fhdod fujeks jHjidhka ys fhÿfKa tneúks' uqIdrld l%uh o

tjekakls'

² fndfyda fofkl= tla ù ;u ;ukaf.a uQ, Okh tlafldg ksIamdokh fyda jD;a;Sh

jHjidhfhl fhfok l%uh uqIdrld l%uhhs'

² uqIdrld l%shdldrlï i|yd jk fldkafoais (

1' m%d.aOk m%udKh fjfiiska oek isàu

2' m%d.aOkh w;amsg we;s uqo,la ùu

3' ,dN wkqmd;h ;SrKh lrf.k isàu'

uqrdnyd

² uqrdnyd hk moh rìy l%shd mofhka yg.;af;ls' ,dN ,enqfõh hkq tys wre;hs'

bia,dóh úoaj;ayq" fuh úúO l%u hgf;a w¾: ksrEmKh lr;s' budï bíkq reIaoa fuh

my; i|yka f,i w¾: ksrEmKh lrhs'

uqrdnyd hkq jHdmdßlhl= ish wf,ú NdKavfha .ekqï ñ," th ñ,g .kakg tk ;eke;a;dg

meyeos<s fldg" ;ud tu NdKavh úl=Kk úg n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk ksYaÑ; ,dNh o tlafldg

w¨;ska ñ, ks¾Kh lsÍu fõ'

² idudkH NdKav wf,ú l%ufhka fuh fjkia fõ' idudkH wf,úfha oS fjf<kaod wf,ú

NdKavfha .ekqï ñ, i|yka fkdfldg .ekqï ñ, iu`. ,dNh o tl;= fldg uq̀M f;d.hu

tu NdKavh wf,ú lrhs' uqrdnldfõ oS .ekqï ñ, yd ,dNh .ekqïlre oek .kS'

² uqrdnld fjf<| l%uh IÍwdyafjka wkqu; ù ;sfí' p;=¾ uoayí budïjre o fndfyda

bia,dóh úoaj;ayq o fuh wjOdrKh lr;s' fuh lsisÿ f,ilska fmd,sh yd iïnkaO

ke;' idudkH fjf<| wf,úfha oS ms,smoskq ,nk IÍwdya úêúOdk fuys oS ms<s.kq ,efí'

fi!os wrdìfha msysgd we;s bia,dóh kS;s m¾fhaIK wdh;kh úiska o fuh wkqu; lr

;sfí' iEu jHdmdßl .kqfokqjl oS u fuh fhdod.; yels fõ'

² uqrdnld .súiqu wkqj wf,úlre ish wf,ú NdKavhg wod< ñ, w;amsg uqo,g fyda

jdßl l%uhg f.jkakg mq`Mjk' fuf,i" jdßl l%uhg f.ùfï oS isÿjk ÿIalr;d

ÿ/,Su i|yd .ekqïlref.ka lsishï wemhla bosßm;a lrk fuka b,a,d isákakg mq`Mjk'

122

² IÍwdyafõ fldkafoais (

1' wf,úlre iy .ekqïlre ûqrdnyd fjf<| .súiqug t<efUkakka&

2' fjf<| .súiqu i|yd jk jpk Ndú;h

3' Bcdí iy lnQ,a

² uqrdnyd msKsi jk kshuhka (

NdKavh iïnkaO fldkafoais

1' NdKavh msßisÿ yd y,d,a jQjla ùu'

2' wf,úlre yd .ekqïlre Wla; fjf<|dfuka m%;s,dN w;alr .ekSu'

3' wf,ú NdKavh yd ñ, jYfhka f.jk NdKavh ûqo,a& Tjqfkdjqkag wh;a jQjla ùu'

4' NdKavh wod< whs;slreg Ndrl< yels ùu'

5' ksYaÑ; NdKavfha m%ñ;sh" m%udKh" nr" ,laIK iy ñ, hkdoS fomd¾Yajhu oek

isàu'

6' ñ,g .;a NdKavh Ndr .ekSfuka miq wfkldg wf,ú lsÍu'

uqrdnld NdKavfha ñ, kS¾Kh lsÍfï oS my; i|yka lreKq meyeos<s lr .; hq;= fõ'

1' .ekqï ñ, .ekqïlre ùug hk mqoa.,hdg f.kyer oelaùu

2' ,dN uqo, .ekqïlre oek isàu

3' wf,ú NdKavh fjkqjg fokq ,nk ñ, NdKavh ^wf,ú NdKavfha& tu jd¾.hu

fkdùu'

4' uq, oS mdßfNda.slhd l< fjf<| l%shdldrlu IÍwdyafjka wkqu; fldg ;sîu'

5' idlaIs ( idlaIslrejka iQodkï lr .ekSu fhfyls' fï u.ska wjq,a yd u;fNao yg.ekSu

j<lajd .; yels fõ'

i,ï ^w;a;sldrï f.ùfï fjf<|du&

² miqjg NdKavh NdroSfï l%uh hgf;a ñ,g .ekSu i,ï kï fõ' fuysoS NdKavfha ñ,

.ekqïlre f.jhs' wf,úlre ksYaÑ; oskfhl NdKavh Ndrfohs'

² fuu fjf<|dï l%uh l=¾wdka" iqkakdya iy bÊudW hgf;a wkque;sh ,enQjls' ñksiqkag

isÿjk tla;rd fmdÿ wjYH;djhla imqrd,kq msKsi fuu l%uh wkqu; ù ;sfí' uqo,a

;sfnk mqoa.,hd NdKavh ,nd .ekSfï wjYH;dfjka miqfjhs' NdKavfha whs;slre th

ksIamdokh lsÍug fmrd;=j tfia ke;akï wiajkq fk,Sug fmrd;=j uqo,a wjYH;dfjka

fmf<kq we;' ksoiqkla jYfhka f.dúfhl=g wiajkq fk<Sug fmr we;sjk wjYH;djka

.ek i|yka l< yels h'

² kì î,a& ;=ud uoSkdjg meñKs wjia:dfõ tys fuu .kqfokq l%uh meje;sfha h' fuh

IÍwdyajg .e,fmk f,i ilia lrkq msKsi kì î,a& ;=ud fldkafoais oeóh' lsishï

fohlg w;a;sldrï f.jk wh ksYaÑ; m%udKh yd nr hk folgu tfia f.úh hq;= h'

;jo ld,h kS¾Kh lr .; hq;=fõ'

123

1' ñ, jYfhka f.jk uqo,a j¾.h yd m%udKh meyeos<s f,i oek .ekSu'

2' ñ,g kshñ; m%udKh .súiqug tf<fUk wjia:dfõ f.úh hq;=h'

3' wf,úlref.a Ndrfha NdKavh mej;sh hq;=h'

4' NdKavfha m%ñ;sh yd m%udKh úia;rd;aulj i|yka fldg ;sìh hq;=h'

5' NdKavh Ndrlrk ld,h iy oskh i|yka úh hq;=h'

w,a bcdrd

² ish¨ fokd u ;ukag wjYH iEu NdKavhla u iEu úfgl u whs;sfldg .kafka ke;'

fujeks wjia:dj, w;udrejg .ekSu u.ska fyda l=,shg .ekSu u.ska ;u wjYH;djh

imqrd .ekSug isÿfõ'

—mqoa.,fhl=f.ka ke;akï NdKavhlska m%fhdack ,eîug ksYaÑ; uqo,a m%udKhla f.ùu

bcdrd fõ'˜

bcdrdjg wod< fldkafoais (

1' fomd¾Yajhu fyd| isysfhka miqjkakka ùu'

2' jeäúhg m;aj isàu

3' .súiqu iïnkaOfhka tl`.;djla mej;Su

4' l=,shg fok NdKavh .ek meyeos<s jYfhka oek isàu'

5' l=,shg fok NdKavh" tys M,odhS ;;a;ajfhka Ndrl< yels ùu'

6' l=,shg fok NdKavh IÍwdyafjka ;ykï lrk ,oaola fyda oSu ;ykï lrk ,oaola

fyda fkdù y,d,a jQjla ùu'

7' l=,S uqo, jákdlula iys; jQjla o m%udKh oek isáhla o ùu

w,a uqidrwd

² uqia,sïjrfhl=g ;udg wh;a f.dú ìfuka kka whqßka m%fhdack .kakg mq`Mjk' Tyq

leue;s kï ;udgu tys j.d lrkakg mq`Mjk' ;udg j.d lsÍug fkdyels hehs isf;k

wjia:dj, ;j;a flfkl=g" lsisÿ ,dNhla fkdm;ñka tu ìu ;djld,slj fokakg o

mq`Mjk'

² —Tfnka wfhl=g bvula wh;a j ;snqfKa kï Tyq tys j.d lr;ajd' ke;akï th ;u

fidhqrdg fo;ajd'˜

flfkl= ish bvu" j.d lsÍu i|yd fjk flfkl=g oS .súiqu wkqj uq`M wiajekafkka

ksYaÑ; wkqmd;hla ,nkakg mq`Mjk' bvfï whs;slre" f.dúhdg îc yd WmlrK

hkdosh foñka Wojq jkakg mq`Mjk'fufia j.d lghq;=j, fhoSu yjqf,a lDIsl¾ufha

fhoSu kñ' kì î,a& ;=ud lhsn¾ ys oS w;am;a lr.;a bvï" fuu l%uh hgf;a tys úiQ

ckhdg u ÿkafka h' tkï Tjqka tys j.dfldg" wiajekafkka wvla kì î,a& ;=udg oSu

hk fldkafoaish hgf;a tu bvï Tjqkg u fok ,oS' ûqia,sï& miq ld,Sk l,S*djreka

o fuu l%uh fkdlvjd ms<sme¥ njg úh;ayq woyia olaj;s'

124

² cdys,shahd wjêfha bvfï tla fldgil wiajekak bvï whs;slre o" b;sß fldgfia wiajekak

f.dúhd o ,nk fldkafoaish hgf;a ke;akï wiajekafkka ksYaÑ; m%udKhla bvï whs;slre

,nk fldkafoaish hgf;a j.dj i|yd bvu ,ndoSfï l%uhla mej;=Ks' fï ksid f.dúhdg

mdvq isÿfõ' ,efnk wiajekakg wkqj fofokdu fnod .kafka kï .eg¨jla ke;' th

idOdrK h' cdys,shahd wjêfha l%uh bia,dufhka ;ykï lrk ,oS'

² f.dú;efkys fhfok úg bvï whs;slre yd f.dúhd WodrYS,S j l%shd l< hq;=h' f.dúhd"

j.d lghq;af;ys b;d ie,ls<su;a j bosßm;a úh hq;=h' bvï whs;slre b;d wêl

fldgila fkdb,a,sh hq;= h' fomd¾Yajh w;r fyd| ys; meje;sh hq;=h'

² flfkl=g ish bvu l=,shg fokakg o mq`Mjk' fuh ksje/os njg fndfyda úh;ayq

i|yka lr;s' bvu l=,shg fkdosh hq;=h hk woyi fok yoSi u; msysgd l=,shg fkdosh

hq;= hehs mjik úh;ayq o isá;s'

*hsW,a uqwÊð,a fyj;a *hs W;a;laiSoa

² l,a ouk ,o f.ùfï fjf<|du fyj;a jdßl l%uh hgf;a .kqfokq lrk fjf<|duhs'

fuu fjf<| .súiqfï oS NdKavh uq,ska o" Bg wod< jákdlu miqj o f.jkq ,nk

neúka" fuh l,aouk ,o f.ùfï fjf<|du hkqfjka y÷kajkq ,efí' fuu

fjf<|dfuys,d mqoa.,hka ;sfofkla iïnkaO fj;s' wf,úlre" .ekqïlre iy

;e/õlre h' ;e/õlre" wf,úlre iy .ekqïlre iïnkaëlrKh lrkakd h'

.ekqïlre fjkqfjka ;e/õlre NdKavfha jákdlu wf,úlreg f.jhs' miqj tlS ñ,g

jvd jeä m%udKhlska o tl;= fldg ;e/õlre .ekqïlref.ka jdßl l%uhg ,nd.kS'

fuu fjf<| .súiqfï NdKavh i|yd jk ñ," jHjydßl ñ,g jvd jeä h'

² p;=¾uoayíj,g wh;a úh;=ka nyq;rhlf.a woyi wkqj fuh IÍwdyaj m%ldr wkqu;

jkakls' fuys oS ,nk jeämqr m%udKh y,d,a fj;shs mji;s' kQ;k úh;=ka iu`.

ffk;sl wdh;k o fuu woyi or;s' fuh bia,dufha wkqu; jQjla njg kS;súh;=ka

talu;slj ;SrKh lr we;ehs we;eïyq mji;s'

1' w,a,dya fjf<|du y,d,a fldg fmd,sh ;ykï lf<ah' fuu mdGh ishü j¾.fha

fjf<|dïj,g fhfoa'

2' úYajdih ;enQ whj¨ks" Tn o tlsfkld kshñ; ld,hla olajd Kh .kqfokq lr.;af;a

kï th ,shd.kak' ̂ 2(282& l,aouk ,o f.ùï fjf<|dfuys oS .súiqu isÿjk wjia:dfõ

NdKavh yer NdKavfha jákdlu ,nd .ekSula fkdisÿfõ' NdKavh muKla yqjudre

jk neúka fuys oS tla;rd Kh .kqfokqjla isÿfõ' tu ksid by; i|yka mdGfhka

Kh l%uh hgf;a jk fjf<|du wkqu; fõ'

3' my; i|yka yoSihka o fuh iy;sl fõ' lsishï flfkl= Khg rgb|s ÿkafka kï"

th Tyq okakd ñkqï l%uhla fyda lsÍfï l%uhla ksYaÑ; lr.;a ld,iSudjg Khg

fokak' ûqia,sï&

fuys oS kì î,a& ;=ud rgb|s" fjf<| NdKavhla jYfhka i|yka fldg we;' tu

ksid óg wod<j ueksh yels ishü NdKav rgb|sj,g idfmalaIj l< yels h'

125

my; i|yka fldkafoais l,aouk ,o fjf<|dfuys olskakg we;akï tjeks fjf<|du yd

bka ,efnk ,dNh o Ißwdyajg wkqj wkqu; fõ'

1' /já,a," jxpdj yd fm%davdfjka úhqla; jQ fjf<|dï l%uhla ùu'

2' fjf<| NdKavh IÍwdyafjka wkqu; jQjla ùu'

3' uqo,a f.úh hq;= ld,iSudj w¾: olajd ;sîu'

4' mdßfNda.slhdg oSug fmr wf,úlre NdKavh Ndrf.k ;sîu'

fï iu`. .kqfokqj, oS fomd¾Yajh úiska u ms<smeosh hq;= njg fmdÿfõ IÍwdyafjka

kshu jQ fldkafoais o wvx.= h'

wiaiïird

² ;e/õlre jYfhka lghq;= lsÍug bia,dufhka ;ykula ke;' fuh wf,úlre yd

.ekqïlre w;r lsishï iïnkaO;djla we;s lrjkakla jk w;r' ,dNodhl .kqfokqjlgo

u`. mdohs'

² budïjreka jQ bíkq iSÍka" w;dW" bírdysï w,a yika hkdoSyq" ;e/õlre jYfhka lghq;=

lsÍu yd ta i|yd hï uqo,la ,eîfuys,d lsisÿ jrola oel ke;ehs budï nqydß ̂ rya& ;=ud

i|yka lrhs'

² bíkq wíndia ^r<s& ;=ud —fuu we÷u wf,ú l<hq;= wij,a ñ,g jvd jeä ñ<lg wf,ú

l<d kï jeämqr uqo, Tng wh;a hehs flfkl= ;j flfkl=g mejiSfï jrola ke;e˜hs

i|yka lrhs' ta wkqj" ;e/õlre ;u fiajh fjkqfjka .dia;=jla whlr .; yels h

hkak m%n, woyila f,i .efka'

w;a;(óka ^rlaIK l%uh&

² bia,dóh rchla u.ska ta hgf;a Ôj;a jk iEu fofkl=f.a u wdrlaIdj iy;sl flfrhs'

tlS iy;slh iudc iduQysl j.lSu hgf;a fyda nhs;=,a ud,a kue;s NdKavd.drh u.ska

fyda isÿ flfrhs' ieneúka u bia,dóh rlaIK iud.u jYfhka l%shd;aul úh hq;=

jkafka nhs;=,aud,a wdh;khhs'

² bia,dóh rfgl fjfik mqoa.,hkag we;s jk fm!oa.,sl wdmod úm;aj, oS Tjqkag msysgùu

rcfha j.lSu fjhs'

² Kh;=reia j isákakkag o zild;a uqo,ska úfYaI f;d.hla f.jkq ,efí' zild;a uqo,a

,eîug iqÿiqlï ,ojqka w;r Kh;=reia jQjka o tla;rd fldgila nj Tn okakjd we;'

fï yer" fjk;a fndfyda wdh;k u.ska o bia,dï ck;djf.a wdrlaIdj iy;sl lrhs'

² fukhska" bia,dóh .kqfokq kS;sÍ;sj,g mgyeKs fkdjk wdldrfhka rlaIK wdh;k

l%shd;aul lerùfuys,d jrola ke;' bia,dufha rlaIK l%uh jQ l,S fndfyda úg

iyfhda.S;dj yd iduQysl j.lSu hgf;a wdOdr ,nd l%shd;aul jkakd jQ iqnidOk

wdh;khls' tkuqÿ oekg l%shd;aul jk kQ;k rlaIK iud.ï yd tajdfha ld¾h mámdáh

bia,duhg yd tys uQ,sl yrhkg mgyeks jQjls'

126

² fï fya;=fjka u j;aufkys wmg olakg ,efnk Ôú; rlaIKh we;=`Mj ishü rlaIK

l%ufõohka yrdï - ;ykï jQjla njg úh;ayq ols;s' uÊuW,a *slays,a bia,dï kue;s

bia,dóh wêlrKh úiska o fuu ;Skaÿj oS ;sfí' iQÿjg wod< ,laIK" fmd,sh iy lsisu

f.ùulska f;drj wkqkaf.a Okh ,nd .kakd iajNdjh hkdosh kQ;k rlaIKh yd ne|S

mj;S'

² ;jo" .kqfokqj, oS fkdmej;sh hq;= jQ wúksYaÑ;" wmeyeos<s .=Kdx. rlaIK .súiqï yd

ne|S mej;Su ksid o fun÷ l%ufõohka neyer l< hq;= fj;ehs woyia flf¾'

² Ôú; rlaIK l%uh" kdu ud;%fhka bia,dóh kS;shg mgyeKsh' fiiq rlaIK l%ufõohka

iïnkaOfhka ̂ ksoiqkla jYfhka úm;a rlaIK& tajdfha hï hï ixfYdaOkhka lsÍu ;=<ska

bia,dóh l%uhg m;al< yels fjhs'

² ksoiqkla jYfhka" kQ;k bia,dóh kS;s úYdrofhl= jk wdpd¾h hQiq*a w,a l¾<dú f.a

woyi wkqj" úm;a i|yd jk rlaIKh jkaos i|yd fldkafoais iudk jQ wdOdrh jYfhka

f.k bia,dóh l%uh wkqj ms<smeosh yels fjhs' tkï ;udg hïlsis ^jdia;úl& úm;la

isÿjk úg" ;udg isÿjk mdvqfõ nr wju lr.kakd lsishï uqo,a m%udKhla jkaos jYfhka

f.úh hq;=h hk fldkafoaish u; ;udf.a f.ùu" iud.ug wdOdr jYfhka f.jhs' tlS

iud.u" fmd,S .kqfokq neyer lrkakla kï" fuu l%uh bia,dóh IÍw;hg tl`. fjhs'

w¾ryaka ^Wlia ;eîu&

² Khlre" ;ud ,o Khg wemhla jYfhka Kh ysñhd fj;" uQ,Huh jákdlula we;s

jia;=jla ;eîu Wlig ;eîu fjhs' Tn fuh úia;rd;aul j oek.kq msKsi ksoiqkla

olajuq'

² flfkla" fjk;a flfkl=f.ka tla;rd uqo,a m%udKhla Kh jYfhka ,nhs' ;ud ,o Kh

uqo, mshjk ;dla fyf;u bvï lene,a,la fyda i;l= fyda Kh ysñhd fj; ;nhs' fuh

Wlia ;eîu kï fjhs'

² bia,dóh kS;sh wkqj Wlia ;eîu wkqu; fjhs' óg my; i|yka w,al=¾wdksl mdGh

bjy,a fjhs' Tn .ukaìukaj, fhoS isg ^.kqfokq lsÍug& ,shkakl= fkd,o úg ^hï

jia;=jla& wemhg ,nd .kak' ^2(283&

² kìkdhl;=ud ̂ i,a& fuu l%uh wkqu; lr we;s w;r" t;=ud tla;rd wjia:djl" ;udf.a

m<sy hqfoõfjl= fj; wemhg ;nd Tyqf.ka wdydr øjH ,ndf.k we;' ^nqydß&

² fuu l%uh kS;Hdkql+, njg" bia,dóh úh;ayq uq,a wjêfha isgu talu;sl j ms<s.;ay'

² fuu Wlia ;eîfï l%uh j,x.= ùu i|yd my; i|yka fldkafoais bgqúh hq;= fjhs' tajd

kï"

1' fyd| isysfhka miqùu

2' ;reK úhg m;aj isàu

3' Wlia ;nk NdKavh fyda ,smsf,aLkdosh" .súiqug tf<fUk wjia:dfõ tys ;sîu

4' Wli ,nkakd fyda Tyqf.a ksfhdað;hd fyda tu jia;=j Ndr .ekSu

127

² Wlia ;eîfï l%shdj,sfha oS .súiqulg t<eöfï wruqK jkqfha Kh wdmiq ,nd .ekSfï

iy;slh ,nd .ekSuls' ta úkd tu`.ska ,dN bmehSu fkdfõ' tu ksid Wli ,nkakd"

;ud fj; Wlig ;nd we;s NdKavh mßyrKh fkdl< hq;= fõ' tkhska tu NdKavfhka

m%fhdackhla .ekSu jkdys ÿka kfhys fmd<sh bmehSula njg m;a fjhs'

² tfy;a" Wlig ;nd we;s NdKavh .uka ìuka hdyels fyda lsß foúh yels i;l= jQjd

kï" ta i|yd jk úhyshoïj,g iudk f,i tajdhska m%fhdackhla ,eìh yelsh' fï

wkqj" wYajhka yd .jhka hkdosh fõ kï" tajdfha msg ke`.S .uka ìuka hdug o nr

weoSug o mq`Mjk' tf<fokqka yd t`Mfokqka hkdosh kï Wkaf.ka lsß foùug o mq`Mjk'

² uQ,sl jYfhka Wlig ;enQ NdKavfhka ,efnk m%fhdack ish,a,u Wlia ;=nQ whg ,eìh

hq;= fjhs' ta wkqj tys j¾Okfha m%;sM, ish,a, u Tyqg ysñ jQjls'

² ;jo" Wlig ;nk ,o NdKavh th ;nd.;a mqoa.,hd fj; úYajdih u; ;nk ,o

jia;=jls' thg isÿjk úkdYh fyda w,dN ydksh fyda Tyqf.a jrolska fyda fkdie,ls,a,lska

isÿjkakla fkdfõ kï Bg Tyq j.lsh hq;= ke;'

² Kh ,nd.;a mqoa.,hd úiska Kh mshjkakg fkdyels jQfha kï Wlia ;nk ,o NdKavh

Wlia ;nd .;a mqoa.,hdg wh;a fkdfõ' fuysoS" tu NdKavh úl=Kd oud Kh uqo, Kh

ysñhdg fokq ,efí' b;sßhla we;akï th NdKavfha ysñlreg wh;a fjhs'

² Kh mshùfï ld,iSudjla i|yka fldg" kshñ; ojfia Kh fkdmshù kï" Wlia NdKavh

úlsKSug wjir ;sfí' fuysoS o b;sßhla we;akï th NdKav ysñhdg wh;a jkafka h'

w,a jld,d ^tackais l%uh&

² w,a jld,d kï wrdì mofha wre;" j.lSu mejÍu yd NdroSu hkdoshhs' flfkl= ;udf.a

lghq;= lsÍug fjk;a flfkl= m;a lsÍu fuys oS jld,d kï mofhka woyia fjhs'

² fuh" bia,dufhka wkqu; jQ l%uhls' iEu j.lSula u" iEu ld¾hhla u ;ud úiska u lr

.ekSug iEu flfkl=gu kqmq`Mjk' fndfyda wjia:dj, oS ;udf.a we;eï lghq;= bgq

lsÍug fjk;a flfkl=f.a Woõ m;kakg isÿfjhs' tjeks wjia:dj, j.lSï Ndr.;a wh"

tacka; fyda ksfhdað;hka jYfhka fmkS isg tu j.lSï bgq lr;s' fuu l%uh wkqu;

l<djQ fndfyda kS;suh mdG olakg we;' jfrl kìkdhl ;=udf.a ̂ i,a& wnq rd*s kï kì

ys;j;d iy wkaidßjrfhla ^jlS,a& Ndrlre jYfhka m;afldg uhsuqkd;=ñh ^r,s& irK

mdjd .;ay' ;jo kì î,a& ;=ud ;uka fjkqfjka Kh mshùu iy o~qjï muqKqùu hkdoS

j.lSï bgqlrkq msKsi fndfyda fofkl= m;afldg we;'

² fuu l%uhg bÊudW kï talu;sl wkque;sh ,eî ;sfnk w;r" tla;rd iyfhda.S;djla

jk neúka" fuu l%uh bia,dufha ms<s.; yels l%uhla jYfhka o i,lkq ,efí' jld,d

l%uh" .súiqula jk neúka" fiiq .súiqïj,g wjYH jk Bcdí iy lnQ,a hkdosh fuhg

o wjYH fõ'

² fuu .súiqug t<eUqKq fomd¾Yajhgu" ;uka leue;s wjia:djl th b,a,d wialr .ekSug

o" lv lsÍug o whs;sh ;sfí'

128

² oeka wms jld,d l%ufha .súiqula l%shdjg kexùfï fldkafoais .ek i,ld n,uq' tlS

.súiqïj, iuyrla" j.lSï ,nkakd yd ine|s h' fiiq iuyrla j.lSu mjrkakd yd

ine|s h'

) j.lSï mjrkakd th lrkafka l=ulska o" th ms<smeoSug iïmQ¾K whs;sh we;a;d úh

hq;= h' ksoiqkla jYfhka isys u| mqoa.,hl=g lsisu lreKl oS ;uka fjkqfjka

lsisjl= m;a lsÍug whs;sh ke;'

) j.lSu Ndr.;a wh úpdr nqoaêhlska miqjkakl= úh hq;=h' ukao nqoaêl fyda

Wkau;a;lhl= fyda fkdúh hq;=h'

) úfYaIfhka j.lSï Ndr.kakd mqoa.,hd ;udg mjrkq ,enQ j.lSï .ek oek isáh

hq;=h' tfy;a fyf;u fmdÿfõ m%ldY lrkq ,eî kï .g¨jla ke;' ksoiqkla

jYfhka flfkl= fjk;a flfkl=g ud fjkqfjka Tng leue;s fohla .; yels hehs

b,a,d isàu i|yka l< yels h'

² jld,d l%uh" ñ,g .ekSu" úlsKSu" l=<shg oSu" Kh oSu" th wdmiq ,nd .ekSu" wdrdjq,a

yd idu .súiqï l%shdoduhka we;=`M iEu wdldrhl u .súiqïj,g wod< fõ' j,x.= fõ'

Ndr.;a wh msßñfhl= fyda .eyeKshl úh yelsh'

² flfkl= ;ud úiskau l< yels iEu l%shdjla u" jld,d l%uh hgf;a fiiaikg Ndrl<

yels fjhs' fuh jld,d i|yd jk fmdÿ kS;shls'

² ksfhdackh l< fkdyels lreKqj, oS jld,d j,x.= fkdfõ' ksoiqkla jYfhka keuÿï

yd osjqreï oSu jeks foa wkqka ,jd lerúh fkdfya'

² my; i|yka ;;a;ajhka hgf;a jld,d .súiqï wfydais fõ'

1' fomd¾Yajh w;ßka tla md¾Yajhla wNdjhg m;aùu fyda Wu;= ùu'

2' jld,d hgf;a jQ wod< l%shdj wjika ùu'

3' j.lSu mejrE wh" j.lSu mjrkq ,enQ whf.ka tu j.lSu wj,x.= lsÍu'

4' j.lSu Ndr.;a wh thska b,a,d wiaùu'

5' j.lSï mjrk ,o foh" j.lSï mejrE whf.a whs;sfhka neyer ùu

w,a l¾<a ^Kh&

² Kh oSu Wiia l%shdjls' uqia,sïjrfhl= fiiq uqia,sïjrfhl=g fojrla Kh oSu" tlajrla

okaoSug iudk h' ^bíkq udcd&

² is`.dlEu ;ykï l< o bia,dï Kh .ekSu ;ykï lf<a ke;' ta fjkqjg Bg wjir fokq

,efí' Kh ,nk l%uh" .kqfokq l%uhla jYfhka i,lkq ,nk neúka tys o Bcdí iy

lnQ,a wjYH fõ'

² uqo,a muKla fkdj" we÷ï iy i;=ka hkdosh o fjf<| NdKav we;=`Mj lsßï ñkqï i|yd

Ndú; jk NdKav o Khg osh yels h'

129

² Khg oSu tla;rd Woõjla" iyfhda.hla úkd" bmehqï ud¾.hla fkdfõ' iajlSh Kh

ysñhd ;ud ÿka m%udKh u Khlref.ka wdmiq .; hq;=fõ' ÿka m%udKhg jvd jeäfhka

wdmiq b,a,d isàu yd wfmalaId lsÍu yrdï fõ'

² tfy;a" fldkafoais fkdouk ,o ;;a;ajh ;=< Khlreg ish leue;af;ka u" Kh mshùfïoS

;ud ,o m%udKhg jvd jeämqr oSug wjir ;sfí' tlS jeämqr m%udKh Kh ysñhd úiska

,nd.ekSu jrola fkdfjhs kì î,a& ;=ud' ;uka ,o Kh mshùfï oS ,enQ m%udKhg jvd

jeämqr oSu isß;ls' cdì¾ bíkq wíÿ,a,dya ;=ud my; i|yka mßos mjihs'

w,a,dyaf.a ¥;hd" ug osh hq;= Khla ;sìKs' t;=ud th wdmiq ÿka w;r m%udKh jeälr

o ÿkafka h' ^nqydß" uqia,sï&

² flfkl= ;uka ,o Kh" yels blauKska mshùu W;=ï fõ' Khla oS we;s ;;a;ajfhka

ureuqjg m;aùu .ek kì î,a& ;=ud fndfyda wjia:dj, oS oeä f,i wjjdo lr ;sfí'

² Khlrejkaf.a ckdid i,d; meje;aùug t;=ud miqng ù we;'

² Khlre" th wdmiq mshúh fkdyels whqßka wiSre ;;a;ajhl miq fjf;d;a" Kh ysñhd

Tyqg ld, wjldYh ,ndoSu hym;a l%shdjls' Kh uqo, odkhla jYfhka m;a lsÍu Bg

jvd fY%aIaG fõ'

² ta yer Khlre wiSre ;;a;ajhl miqfjf;d;a" ^Tyqg& myiqlï we;sjk ;dla

n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka isákak' ;jo ^fuys we;s hym;& Tn oksf;d;a th Tyqg u oka

oSfuka Tng jvd;a wdksixi w;a fõ' ^2(280& hkqfjka w,al=¾wdkfha i|yka h'

miq Wreuh

² wd¾Óluh l%shdj, oS miq Wreuh ms<sn| lreKq b;d jeo.;a ;ekla Wiq,hs' miq Wreuh

hkq flfkl=f.a urKfhka miq Tyqf.a jia;=j whs;s úh hq;= jkafka ldg ldg oehs yd

ljr m%udKhlska oehs úia;r lrkakls'

² f,dj bmefok ish¨ fokd u" ;udg;a" ;u Ndrfha isákakkag;a wjYH NdKav fidhd

.ks;s' ;ud fidhd .;a fldgila fyda úYd, fldgila fyda fndfyda úg ;u orejkag

b;sß lr hkq we;' fuu jia;=j" ;u mjq, yd {d;Ska idOdrK wkaoñka fnodyod f.k

N=la;s ú|sh hq;= nj Tjqkaf.a leue;a;hs' tfy;a m%dfhda.sl f,dalfha fujeks w;ayer

ouk foam< Okh idOdrK l%uhlg fkdfnod lSm fofkl= muKla meyer .kakd ;;a;ajhla

Wod ù we;' fun÷ ;;a;ajhla we;s fkdjkakg Tjqka kS;sfhka ne| oud" tajd idOdrK

l%uhlg fnod fjka lsÍug u`. ie,iSu wjYH fõ'

² mqrd;kfha isg fï;dla iEu iudchla úiska u urKfhka miq b;sß lr hk foam<"

lsishï l%uhlska fnod we;s nj fmfka' frdaujreka" .%Sljreka" cdys,shshd hq.fha Ôj;a

jQjka" cdkaÿka iy uqia,sïjreka hkdoSyq fï iïnkaOfhka úúO kS;sÍ;s ms<sme¥y'

² hqfoõjkaf.a miq Wreulï kS;sh wkqj" urKhg m;a flfkl=g msßñ orefjl= isà kï"

.eyeKq orejkag fyda ìß|g fyda lsisÿ whs;shla ke;ehs i|yka fõ' tfiau" mjqf,a

jeäuy,a mq;dg" Tyqg nd, fidfydhqrdg fuka fo.=Khla osh hq;= hehs i|yka fõ' msßñ

orejl= ke;s úg ÿjf.a mq;dg tu foam< msßkefï' msßñ orejka fkdue;s kï .eyeKq

orejkag th ysñ fõ'

130

² cdys,shahd hq.fha oS msßñ orejkag muKla miq Wreulï ysñ úh' thska o" ùfrdaodr

mq;dg m%uqL;dj fok ,oS' yska¥kaf.a m%;sm;a;sh wkqj .eyeKq orejkag miq Wreulï

ke;'

² fï wkaoug ft;sydisl jYfhka i,lk l, miq Wreulï oSfï oS o fjkialï lr we;s

nj fmfka' msßñ" .eyeKq" jeäuy,a" nd,hd" ùrhd iy ìh.=,a,d jYfhka fNao .ek

i,ld n,d we;s nj fmfka' fuu.ska fmkajkq ,nkafka fl%daOh iy fNaohhs' fï yer

Okh f.dv.eiSug o" fuu.ska wjldY ie,fka' tu ksid ft;sydisl jYfhka ie,lSfï

oS bia,dï yer" b;sß miq Wreulï ms<sn| ms<sfj;aj,ska we;s lr ;sfnkafka m%Yak nj

fuu`.ska ikd: fõ'

² bia,dóh miq Wreulï ms<sn| kS;sh" by; i|yka kS;s fuka mgq wruqKq f;aud lr.;a;la

fkdfõ' my; i|yka l=rdka mdGh my< jQ ;eka isg" ia;%Ska" orejka yd mjqf,a isák ish¨

fokdu" ;u ;ukaf.a ;;a;ajh wkqj" foam<j, miq Wreulï ,eîug wjia:dj ie,fihs'

foujqmshka fyda ióm {d;Ska fyda b;sß lr .sh jia;=fjka ia;%Skg o fldgila ysñ fõ'

^thska Okh& wvq jqj o" jeä jqj o tfiauhs' fuh w,a,dya úiska kshu lrk ,o fldgihs'

^4(7&

² miq Wreulï kS;sh ms<sn|j msßñkag;a" .eyeKqkag;a fldgila we;ehs by; i|yka

w,al=¾wdka mdGfhka i|yka fõ' msßñ mlaIh" .eyeKq mlaIhg jvd j.lSï oeÍfuys,d

mshjrla Wiia h hk fya;=j u;" .eyeKqka ,nk fldgig jvd msßñka ,nk fldgi jeä

nj my; i|yka l=rdka mdGfhka úia;r fõ'

² Tnf.a orejkaf.ka .eyeKq orejka fofofkl=g ,efnk fldgi msßñ orefjl=g ,efnk

nj w,a,dya Tng Wmfoia fohs' .eyeKq orejka muKla isg" Tjqkaf.a ixLHdj folla

ke;akï Bg jeä kï" Tjqkg ñh.sh wh b;sß l< fohska 2$3 fldgila ,efí' tla

.eyeKq orefjl= kï" Tyqf.a jia;=fjka 1$2 ls'

² mqrd;k yd kQ;k hq.j, flfkl=f.a yodjvd .;a orejd" Tyqf.au orejl= jYfhka

i,ld" Okfhka o fldgila ,efnk ;;a;ajh ms<smoskq ,efí' yodjvd .;a orejd"

Tyqf.au orejd fkdjk njg my; i|yka mdGh f.k yer olajhs'

² ^tfiau& w,a,dya" yodjvd .;a orejd Tnf.a u orejd njg m;a lf<a ke;' yodjvd .;a

orejd ;ukaf.a u orejl= hehs mejeiSu" Tnf.a jpkj,ska lshk foaj,a muKs' w,a,dya

mjid ;sfnkafka ienEjls' ;jo Tyq" Rcq ud¾.h fmkajhs' ^w,al=¾wdka&

² miq Wreulï kS;sh iïnkaOfhka kì kdhl;=ud î,a& fndfyda wjia:dj, mjid ;sfí'

my; i|yka jkafka tjeks yoSihls'

² Tn miq Wreulï ms<sn| kS;sh yodrd" wkqkag;a W.kajkak' ukao" th oekqfï wvls'

;jo fuu l,dj wu;l jkakls' uf.a m%cdjf.ka bj;a flfrk uq,au lreK fuhhs'

^bíkq udcd&

131

miq Wreulï yd iïnkaO kS;sÍ;s

² flfkl= ish wejEfuka yer hk foam<" Okh" miq Wreulï ms<sn| jia;= hkqfjka ye|skafõ'

fuu jia;=j" miq Wreulaldrhka w;r fnod oSug fmr" thska bgql< hq;= we;eï hq;=lï

;sfí' miq Wreulï kS;s .ek oek.kakg fmrd;=j fuu hq;=lï .ek oek.ekSu wjYH fõ'

1' ckdidjg wod< hq;=lï bgq lsÍu

uqia,sïjrfhl=f.a ckdidj kEùu" l*d;a lsÍu" keuÿï bgq lsÍu iy ñysoka lsÍu

hkdoS hq;=lï y;rla we;' ñh.sh mqoa.,hl=f.a j;alïj,ska bgq l<hq;= uq,au hq;=lu

fuhhs' fuysoS ckdidjg wod< hq;=lïj, wvqmdvq fkdisÿùug;a" miq Wreulaldrhkaf.a

Wreulïj,g ydkshla fkdùug;a j.n,d .; hq;= fjhs'

2' ñh.sh mqoa.,hdf.a Kh mshùu

ñh.sh mqoa.,fhl=f.a foam<j,ska bgql< hq;= fojeks hq;=lu jkqfha Tyq úiska mshúh

hq;= j ;snqKq Kh mshùuhs' ñh.sh flfkl=g fohdldr Kh ;sfnkakg mq`Mjk'

^w& w,a,dyag f.úh hq;= Kh ^Wod ( zild;a" koa¾" l*a*rd" ì|shd&

^wd& ñksiqkg Kh ù isáhd kï tajd mshùu'

3' jishah;h ^wka;su leue;a;& bgqlsÍu

jishah;a hkq wka;su leue;a; fkdfyd;a Tmamqj fõ' ckdidjg wh;a úhyshoï yd

Kh mshùfuka miq b;sßfhka " ñh.sh ;eke;a;df.a wka;su leue;a; bgq lrkq ,efí'

flfkl= ;ud ñh.sh miq" ish Okfhka fjk;a flfkl=g msßkeñh hq;= hehs '''''''''

l<yels Wmßu iSudj 1$3 lg jvd jeä jQ úg th j,x.= fkdfõ' fï .ek fufia

i|yka fõ'

miq Wreulaldrhkag fldgia ,eîu" Kh iy jishah;a hkdosh f.ùfuka miqjhs'

^w,al=¾wdka&

miq Wreu i|yd jk foam, i|yd fldkafoais (

foam, hkq Wreuh l%shdjg kexùug my; i|yka fldkafoais fyj;a I¾; ukd wkaoñka

ms<smeosh hq;= fjhs' uqia,sïjrfhl=g fuys,d meyeos<s oekqula ;sìh hq;= fjhs'

1' lsishï foam<la miq Wreu i|yd jk foam< jYfhka ie,ls,a,g .ekSu i|yd" tys

whs;slre ñhf.dia isáh hq;=h' flfkl= wd.sh w;la ke;sj isg os.=l,la mqrdjg fkdmeñKs

l<" kvqldrhdf.a ;Skaÿj mßos Tyqf.a foam< miq Wreuh i|yd jk foam< jYfhka

woyia flf¾'

2' foam< whs;slre ñh.sh wjia:dfõ miq Wreulaldrhd Ôj;=ka w;r isák nj iy;sl l<

hq;=h' flfkl= wd.sh w;la ke;sj" Tyqf.a wdmiq meñKSu iy;sl fkdlrkq ,enqKd kï"

Tyq fjkqfjka fldgia fjkal< hq;= fkdfõ' wdmiq meñKSfï iïNdú;dj ;sfí kï

fldgia ms<s.; hq;= fõ' urKh iy;sl lrkq ,enqKd kï" fiiq miq Wreulaldrhka

w;r jia;=j fnodosh hq;= fõ'

.efnys isák orejdg o miq Wreu fldgi fjkal< hq;= nj budïjrekaf.a woyihs'

132

3' miq Wreuh msKsi jk foam<j,ska fldgila ,eîug ndOl jk lsisÿ lreKla fkd;sìh

hq;=h' miq Wreuh ,eîug iqÿiqlï ,nd isák flfkl=g my; i|yka lreKq ksid th

,eîug ndOl we;s fõ'

^w& miq Wreulaldrhka" foam< ysñlre >d;kh lsÍu' >d;lhd miq Wreulaldrfhla

fkdfjhs' ^w,a yoSia&

^wd& wd.u fjkia ùu - uqia,sïjrfhl= uqia,sï fkdjkafkl=f.a miq Wreulalrefjla

fkdfjhs' uqia,sï uqia,sï fkdjkafkl=f.a miq Wreulaldrfhla fkdfjhs' ^w,a

yoSia&

^we& jy<l= ùu

miq Wreuh msKsi jk foam<j,ska fldgia ,eîfï fya;= (

1' {d;s nkaOq iïnkaO;dj - foam, yerhk wh yd miq Wreulaldrhd w;r mjq,a" f,a

kElï" ^w,a nDD" w,a WiQ,a" w,a yjdIs&

2' újdy iïnkaO;dj

3' jy,a - ydïmq;= iïnkaO;dj

miq Wreulaldrhdf.a úia;r yd Tjqkaf.a j¾.

ñh.sh mqoa.,fhl=f.a foam<j,g we;s hq;=lï bgq lrkq ,eîfuka miq" b;sß foam<" th

,eîug iqÿiq wh w;r fnod fokq ,efí' tfia fnod oSfï oS ishü Wreulaldrhka iy

ñh.sh wh iïnkaO fj;s' miq Wreulaldrhka fldgia ;=klg fnokq ,efí'

1' wiaydnq,a *qre,a

ksYaÑ; fldgilg whs;slrejka hehs IÍwdfõ i|yka Woúh fudjqya fõ' tkï" fï

j¾.hg wh;a jQfjda" *¾,a hgf;a fldgia ,nkakka hehs i,lkq ,n;s' ñh.sh whf.a

ieñhd" ìß|" mshd" uj" iShd" wdÉÑ" ÿj" mq;df.a ÿj" tl=ia Wmka fidhqßh" mshmi

fidhqßh" ujqmi fidhqßh" iy uõmi fidhqre hkdoSyq fuys wvx.= fj;s' w,al=rdkh

fyda iqkakdfõ fyda u.ska ksYaph lrk ,o fldgia fudjqkag wh;a fõ'

2' windjre

m<uq j¾.fha Woúh fldgia ,nd.;a miq b;sßh ,eîug iqÿiqlï ,oafoda fudjqyq fõ'

windjreka hehs y÷kajkq ,nk fudjqkaf.a j¾. ;=kls'

1' Rcq windjre - mq;=ka" mq;df.a mq;d" mshd" iShd" ifydaorjre" ifydaorhskaf.a msßñ

orejka" uymamd yd ndmamdjre" Tjqkaf.a msßñ orejka

2' wkqka u.ska windjreka jkafkda - mq;d iu`. ÿj" mq;df.a mq;d iu`. mq;df.a ÿj"

fomd¾Yaj ifydaorhka iu`. fomd¾Yaj fidhqßh" msh md¾Yajfha ifydaorhka iu`.

msh md¾Yajfha fidhqßh

3' wkqka iu. whndjreka jkafkda - ñh.sh whf.a ÿj ke;akï ñh.sh whf.a mq;df.a

orejka iu. ñh.sh whf.a ifydaoßhka isák l," ta ifydaoßhka Tjqkaf.a whndjreka

ù fldgia ,n;s'

133

3' oú,a w¾ydï$w,aw¾yï

fmdÿfõ ÿr kEhska h' fndfydaúg ñh.sh wh yd ;uka w;r we;s iïnkaO;dj ia;%shl

ud¾.fhka ,nkafkda fuys wvx.= fj;s'

Wod ( ÿjf.a orejka" ifydaoßhkaf.a orejka" foam< fnoSfï oS uq,skau wiaydnq,a *qre,a o"

b;sßfhka whndjre o" Bg miq oú,a w¾ydïjre o fldgia ,n;s'

fldgiaj, úia;r

1' 1$4 fldgia ,nkafkda ^fofofkla& - ieñhd" ìß|

2' 1$2 fldgia ,nkafkda ^5 fofkla& ieñhd" ÿj" mq;df.a ÿj" tl=ia Wmka ifydaoßh"

mshdf.a ifydaoßh

3' 1$8 fldgia ,nkafkda - ìß|

4' 1$3 fldgia ,nkafkda ^fofofkls& - uj" uõni ifydaor ifydaoßfhda

5' 1$6 fldgia ,nkafkda ^7 fofkls& - mshd" uj" iShd" ÿjf.a ÿj" mshmi ifydaoßh"

wdÉÑ" uõmi ifydaorhl= fyda ifydaoßhl

6' 2$3 fldgia ,nkafkda - ¥jre" mq;=ka f.a ¥jre" fomd¾Yajfha ifydaoßhka

² w,a yÊí - ;ykï lsÍu

miq Wreulaldrhka ;ukag wod< fldgi wvqfjka ,nk wjia:d o" uq`Mukska u wysñ

lr.kakd wjia:d o we;s fõ' th yÊí kï fõ' tkï" we;euqka miq Wreulaldrhka

jkúg ;j;a iuyrekg Okfhka fldgia ke;sùu fyda wvqùu fyda isÿùuhs' fufia

fldgia ,eîug ;ykï lrkq ,nk wh" w,aydðí fyda uyacqí hkqfjka y÷kajkq ,n;s'

fuh tla j¾.hls'

1' yÊnka kqlaidka

we;eful= isák neúka ;j;a we;eful=g ,efnkakg ;snqKq fldgia iïmQ¾Kfhka u

fkd,eî hduhs' Wod ( ieñhd" ìß|" uj

2' yÊnq,a ys¾udka

we;eful= isák neúka ;j;a we;eful=g ,efnkakg ;snqKq fldgia imqrd fkd,eî

hduhs'

uyacQ,a ydðí

1' iShd mshd" ióm iShd

2' ñ;a;ksh uj" ióm ñ;a;ksh

3' mq;df.a mq;d mq;d" ióm mq;df.a mq;d

4' tl=ia Wmka ifydaorhd mq;d" mq;df.a mq;d" mshd" iShd

5' tl=ia Wmka ifydaoßh mshd" mq;d" mq;df.a mq;d

134

jishah;a - wka;su leue;a; ^Tmamqj&

² flfkl= yer oud hk jia;=j yd iïnkaO ;j;a lreKla kï jishah;a fõ' jishah;a

hkq" flfkl= ;udf.a urKfhka miq ish jia;=fjka ;ud i|yka lrk whj¨kag msßkuk

f,i lrk wK lsÍuhs' flfkl= fuf,i jishah;a lr ;snqKd kï" Tyqf.a urKfhka miq

th bgq lsÍu hq;=luls' miq Wreulï fnod oSug fmrd;=j jishah;h bgq l< hq;= fõ' fï

.ek w,a l=rdkfha fufia i|yka fõ'

^miq Wreulaldrhskag fldgia ,eîu& Kh" jishah;a hkdosh oSfuka miqj h' ̂ w,al=¾wdka&

² flfkl= ish jia;=fjka jishah;a lrk úg o" kS;sÍ;s ms<smeosh hq;= fõ' ish jia;=fjka

1$3 fldgilg jvd jishah;a lsÍug wjir ke;' fï ksid" fudyqf.a jia;=jg ysñlï

lshkakka .eg¨j,g uqyqK mdkakg isÿjkq we;' ta w;ru Wreulaldrhskag jishah;a

lsÍu o l< fkdfya' jishah;a lrkak' th idlaIslrejka iys; j lsÍu hym;a fõ' th

,shú,s u.ska ;eîu o hym;a h'


mshjr 1 ( bia,dóh w¾: l%ufha iqúfYaI ,laIK yd Okh bmehSug bia,dufhka ,nd oS we;s

jeo.;alï úia;r lrkak'

mshjr 2 ( isiqka lKavdhï y;rlg fnod my; i|yka ud;Dld w;ßka tlsfkl tu

lKavdhïj,g mjrñka ta .ek f;dr;=re fidhk f,i wjOdrKh lrkak'

i. l¾udka; yd fiajd jD;a;shg bia,dufhka ,nd oS ;sfnk jeo.;alï yd úêúOdk

ii. iudc Ôú;h yd iïnkaO .kqfokqj, oS uq,drnd" uqrdnyd' bcdcd iy uqidrwd

ms<sn| úia;r

iii. bia,dufhka ;ykï jQ bmehSï l%u

iv. bia,dóh miq Wreulï kS;sfha jeo.;alu yd kS;s

mshjr 3 ( iEu lKavdhulska u tlsfkld le|jd" ;u lKavdhu úiska tla/ia lrk ,o

f;dr;=rej,ska idrdxYh bosßm;a lrk f,i oekqj;a lrkak'

mshjr 4 ( bosßm;a lrk ,o iudf,dapk iïmsKavkh ,shd .kakd f,i ishü isiqka oekqj;a

lrkak'

135

wdY%s; .%ka:

1' hQiq*a w,a l¾,dú ^1980& bia,dufha y,d,a iy yrdï" jya*d" ldysrd m%ldYlfhda

2' .iaid,s uqyïuoa ̂ 2004& bia,dóh T¨lal udkanqy,a" b,lalshÉ fjda,ha uqøKd,h" fpkakdhs'

3' yhsre,a nI¾ tï' whs' ^2010&" udksv kïìlalisy,a wlard uqøKd,h" fld<U 12'

4' ihahsoa wnq,a w,d uõÿos ^1983&" wd¾Ól m%Yakh" ,xld cudw;a bia,dï m%ldYkh"

fld<U 9'

5' w.d¾ uqyïuoa ta' iS' ^1996&" ikaud¾. iÜg ú,lalx.,a" w,al,ï uqøKd,h" fírej,'

6' uqyïuoa uqÔí wíÿ,a w,Sï ^2000& uqo,SÜg% whamamvmams,dkd úhdmdrï" k,Sñhd bia,dóh

m%ldYk wdh;kh

7' whahQí w,s iS' ^2004& uqrdnyd k,Sñhahd bia,dóh m%ldYk wdh;kh

8' w.d¾ uqyïuoa ta'iS' ̂ 1992& bia,d;a;s,a jdßmqßuhs iÜgï" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh" uyr.u'

136

ksmqK;dj 9'0 ( iudc Ôú;h yd iïnkaO bia,dóh kS;sÍ;s yd WmfoaY oek ta wkqj

ish Ôú;h ilia lr .kshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'3 ( jrojd jgydf.k we;s ixl,am ksjeros j jgyd f.k wka whg o

myod fohs'


bf.kqï M, ( ² nyq Nd¾hd újdyh" ldka;djkaf.a ;;a;ajh" wmrdO yd o~qjï iy

ðydoa iïnkaO wdl,am jrojd bosßm;a lsÍfï fya;= y÷kd .ks;s'

² bia,dóh oDIaáfhka fïjd ksjeros njg b;sydih yd jHjydßl

Ôú;h ii|d ksoiqka iu`. ikd: lr;s'


nyq Nd¾hd újdyh

² bia,dï" udkqISh iajNdjhg .e,fmk Ôjk rgdjla jk neúka" tys foaYkdjka Y%jKh

lrkakka" lshjkakka iy jgyd .kakka Bg wdl¾YKh fj;s' fuh b;sydih mqrd os.gu

isÿ fjñka mj;shs' fuh oel B¾IHd lrk" ke;akï úu;shg m;ajk wh bia,dufha

m%;sm;a;s yd m%dfhda.sl l%shdjka jeros f,i bosßm;a lrñka o" úfõpkh lrñka o m%pdrfhys

fhoS isákq fmfka'

² fufia úfõpkhg ,la jQ lreKq w;r nyq Nd¾hd újdyh o tlls' msßñfhl=" ;;a

ld,fha tla flfkl=g jvd ia;%Ska ixLHdjla kS;Hdkql+, Nd¾hdjka jYfhka .ekSu nyq

Nd¾hd újdyhh fõ' iajNdjfhka u yd fkdje<elaúh yels fya;= ksid we;sjk úúO

jd;djrKj, oS th fkdje<elaúh yels lreKla njg m;a fõ'

² ia;%Ska w;ßka Tng leu;s whj¨ka fofofkl= ne.ska fyda ;=kafofkl= ne.ska fyda isjq

fofkl= ne.ska fyda Tn wdjdy lr .kak' Tjqka w;r Tng idOdrK f,i yeisßh

fkdyels hehs ìhla we;s fõ kï" tla ia;%shl wdjdy lr .kak' ^4(3& hk w,al=¾wdkSh

mdGh nyq Nd¾hd újdyhg fok ,o wkque;sh jYfhka i,lkq ,efí'

² fujeks újdy l%uhla bosßm;a lr ;sfnkafka bia,dufha hehs o" th ldka;djkag tfrys

jQjlehs o" ,sx.sl iudkd;au;djg mgyeKs jQjlehs o" úfõpkhg ,la fõ' nyq Nd¾hd

újdy l%uh y÷kajd ÿkafka bia,dï hehs ork woyia idjoH fõ'

² kì î,a& ;=udg ^l%s'j' 7 ishji& fmrd;=j my< jQ Ydia;Djrekag ^kìjrekag& tllg

jvd Nd¾hdjka jQ nj w,al=¾wdkSh woyiaj,ska ikd: fõ' fï yer" fndfyda krm;Ska"

m%N+jreka" Okj;=ka yd m%OdkSka ;;a ld,fha ks, jYfhka yd fkdks, jYfhka fndfyda

ìßkaoEjre ;nd .;a nj l;d" idys;Hh muKla fkdj ft;sydisl f;dr;=rej,ska o

fmfka'

² YsIag iudc" nyq Nd¾hd újdy iu`. wdrïN ù ;sìh hq;= h' we;af;ka u tu l%uh" iEu

;efklu" iEu lf,lu mej;shls' th fnfyúka wvq úl,amhka iys; kS;shlehs újdyfha

mßkduh kue;s lD;sfha tï' f,â,s vdfkda fï .ek úia;r lrhs'

137

² bia,duh y÷kajd fokq ,enQ cdhs,shahd wjêfha" wrdìfha mjd nyq Nd¾hd újdyh

jHjydrfhys mej;sfha h' ud bia,duh ms<s.;a wjia:dfõ ug ìßkaoEjre wg fofkla

jQye hs Wuhard ̂ r<s& ;=ud o" ;udg ìßkaoEjre oi fofkl= isáhye hs lhs,dka ̂ r<s& ;=ud

o i|yka lr;s' fï whqßka fjk;a fndfyda iydndjre iy iydnd fkdjkakka o nyq

Nd¾hdjka ;nd .;ay' kì î,a& ;=ud bia,duh y÷kajd oSug fmrd;=ju nyq Nd¾hd

újdyh jHjydrfhys meje;s nj fïjdhska Tmamq fõ'

bia,dï nyq Nd¾hd újdyh osß.ekajQfha ke;' ;ykï lf<a o ke;' ukao" iudc

Ôsú;fha oS th we;eï úg wjYH fõ' we;eï úg wkjYH fõ' ;ks mqoa.,hka

iïnkaOfhkao we;euqkg wjYH fõ' we;euqkag wkjYH fõ' bia,dï th kS;shla

fkdfldg úl,amhla njg m;a lf<a tneúks'

² ysÊß 2 jif¾ isÿjQ Wyoa igfka oS iydndjre 70 fofkl= muK fokd IySoa jQy' bia,dï

úiska iudc rgdjla ìysfldg" th <ore wjêfha meje;s jljdkqjl" fujeks urK b;d

nrm;, úh' jekaoUqfjda iy wkd:fhda ìhg m;a jQy' Tjqkag Ôú;h ,nd fok wáfhka

bia,dï" nyq Nd¾hd újdyhg wkque;sh ÿkafka h' Tjqkg Ôú;h ,ndfok fuka kì

î,a& ;=ud iydndjreka osß .ekaùh' t;=ud o jekaoUqjka wdjdy lr .;af;a h' fuu

isoaêfhka Tmamq jkafka nyq Nd¾hd újdyh widudkH wjia:dj, isÿjkakla njhs'

² widudkH wjia:dj, ixLHdj y;rlg iSud lrñka o" iu;dj /l.; fkdfyk wjia:dj,

tlla olajd wvq lrñka o bia,dufha b.ekafjk nyq Nd¾hd újdyh iudc wjYH;dj yd

iudc idOdrK;ajh fmroeß lr .;a;la nj fmkakqï lrhs'

² wfkla w;g nyq Nd¾hd újdyh yryd mjq,a yd iudc widOdrKhla we;s fkdjkakg

we;eï iSudjka o mkjd ;sfí'

² nyq Nd¾hd újdyh"

1' widudkH wjia:dj, wkque;sh oSu

2' we;eï fldkafoais hgf;a wkque;sh oSu

3' Nd¾hdjka ixLHdj y;rlg iSud lsÍu

4' Nd¾hdjka w;r iu;dj /lSu hkdoS jYfhka fldkafoais mkjd ;sfí'

² fuu iSudjka y;r .eUqßka ksÍlaIKh lsÍfï oS nyq Nd¾hd újdyh iïnkaOfhka bia,duh

ork wruqK meyeos<s fõ' tu ksid" wkque;sh ÿka jydu" Tjqk;r Tng idOdrK f,i

l%shd l< fkdyels fj;ehs ielhla we;s fõ kï" tla Nd¾hdjla wdjdy lr .kak' ^4(3&

hkqfjka o" Tn fudk ;rï leue;s jqK;a Nd¾hdjka w;r iu;dj ie,iSug kqmq`Mjk'

tu ksid" tla me;a;lg b÷rd nr ù wfkla me;a; .=jfka mdfjkakka njg m;a fkdlrkak'

^4(129& hkqfjka o i|yka lrkqfha'

² ;reKfhks" Tn w;ßka Yla;su;a wh újdm;a jkak' ^nqydß& hk yoSifhys i|yka

Yla;sh jkdys" YÍr Yla;sh yd wd¾Ól Yla;sh nj kS;s úYdrohskaf.a u;h fõ' tla

ìß|l újdm;a lr .ekSug fïjd wjYH kï" tllg jvd ìßkaoka újdm;a lr .ekSug

jeämqr Yla;Ska wjYH nj meyeos<s fõ' ta w;ßka b;d jeo.;a jkqfha fjkialï fkdlsÍuhs'

uekúka ;ekam;a jQjkag yer fiiaikag fuh wiSre h' reÑ wreÑlïj,g bv fkdoS"

138

ìßkaoEjrekaf.a ́ kE tmdlï" wdrlaIdj" ldhsl yd udkisl hym; hkdosh iu ;;a;ajfhka

ie,iSu myiq jQjla fkdfõ' nyq Nd¾hd újdyh" iudcfha fmdÿ kS;shla fkdù we;euqkg

yd we;eï ld, jljdkqj,g úfYaI jQ kS;shla jkqfha ta ksidfjka hehs lsj yelsh'

² uq,ska i|yka l<dla fuka igka' úm;a jeks widudkH ;;a;ajhka ;=< úl,amhla jYfhka

wkqu; lrk ,o lreKla idudkH kS;shla f,i olajñka úfõpkh lsÍu iqÿiq fkdfõ'

bia,duh flfrys B¾IHd iy.; ye`.Sï we;slr .;a Woúh úiska idjoH f,i m;=rjk

,o woyia fuh úYd, fldg olajk ,oS'

² uqia,sïjrekag ,sx.sl ye`.Sï jeä hehs o" ks;r ks;r we÷ï udre lrkakdla fuka Tjqka

Nd¾hdjreka udrelr .kafka hehs o jeros woyia bosßm;a flf¾' uqia,sïjreka o ñksiqka

h' iEu fokd ;=<u ksmeofjkafka tlu j¾.fha fydafudak h' uqia,sïjreka fiiq ñksiqkg

jvd fjkia jkqfha m%;sm;a;sj,ska muKs' YdÍßl ;;a;ajfhys lsisÿ fjkila ke;' ñksidf.a

iajdNdúl ,sx.sl ye`.Sï md,kfhka hq;=j ika;¾mkh lr .kq msKsi újdyh ks¾foaY

lr ;sfí' fuu úkh l%u fkdrlsk iudchla ;=< ,sx.sl n,y;a;drlï" kS;Hdkql+,

fkdjk Nd¾hdjka ;nd .ekSï" ,sx.sl jD;a;slhka hkdoS jYfhka jeros iy.; úl,am

rdYshla ìys ù we;' fï ksid yg.kakd mjq,a yd iudc .eg¨j,ska wdrlaI lrkq msKsi"

bia,dï újdyh iy nyq Nd¾hd újdyh ks¾foaY lrhs'

² bia,dï úiska nyq Nd¾hd újdyhg bvlv ie,iQ widudkH wjia:djka fldgia follg

fnfoa'

1' iudcfha fyj;a fmdÿ wjYH;dj

igka" úm;a hkdosh fya;=fjka mqreI mlaIhg jvd ia;%S mlaIh jeäùu" fuys,d jeo.;au

lreK jkqfha c.;a ix.%du jljdkqj, fuu m%Yakh we;s ùuh' Y%S ,xldfõ oYl

;=kl igk" jekaoUqjka yd wkd:hkaf.a ixLHdj j¾OKh fldg ;sfí' fuu ;;a;ajhka

;=< wkd:hka yd jekaoUqjkaf.a wd¾Ól wjYH;d imqrd,kq msKsi ;rulska fyda iyk

ie,fia' tfy;a fudjqkaf.a ldhsl yd udkisl wjYH;d imqrd,Sfï iyk fkdie,fia'

fï ksid mjq,a yd iudc fodaI fõ.fhka msúfia' iEu ldka;djlu" ;udg f,ka.;=lï

olajñka" wkqlïmd lrñka" ;ukaj f;areïf.k l%shd lrk" ÿl iem fnodyod .kakd

yoj;la we;s mqoa.,hka fidh;s' fuh l<yels jkqfha újdy nkaOkh ;=<ska muKs'

bia,dï" jekaoUq újdyhg yd nyq Nd¾hd újdyhg wkque;sh fokafka óg úl,amhla

jYfhks' fuh ldka;djka i|yd jk wdrlaIdjls'

2' ;ks mqoa., fkdfyd;a iqúfYaI wjYH;dj

^w& iajNdjfhka u we;eï msßñ" fnfyúka ,sx.sl ye`.Sï iys; jQfjda fj;s' Tjqka tla

ìß|lf.ka i;=g fkd,nk úg fjk;a ia;%Ska fidh;s' fï ksid ,sx.sl jD;a;sh

j¾Okh jk w;r" tÉ'whs'ù' jeks Nhdkl jix.; frda.j,g u`. mEfohs' fï

fya;=fjka msßñ yd .eyeKq" mjq,a yd iudc fodaIhg ,la fj;s' fuhska wdrlaId

ùug nyq Nd¾hd újdyh wjYH fõ'

^wd& ia;%Skaf.a udisl Tima yd ÿIalr m%iQ; ld,fhka wUqieñ in|;djg ndOdjla jk

neúka o iuyre ,sx.sl jD;a;slhka lrd h;s' bia,dï fuh ;ykï lrk neúka

úl,amhla jYfhka nyq Nd¾hd újdyhg wkque;sh fohs'

139

^we& we;eï ìßkaoEjreka iodld,sl frda.Ska njg m;ajk úg" Tjqka n,dlshd .ekSug

o" ieñhd fjkqfjka l< hq;= hq;=lï bgq lsÍug o fkdyels ;;a;ajhlg m;a fj;s'

tjeks wjia:dj, ia;%Ska l=,shg fhoùfï oS" jeros isÿjk wjia:d újD; fõ' fï

ksid mjq,a yd iudc fodaI yg.kS' fïjdhska .e,ùug nyqNd¾hd újdyh úl,amhla

njg m;a fõ'

^wE& we;eï wUqieñfhda" ore iïm;la fkdue;sj <;efj;s' ìß| .eí fkd.kakd nj

oek.kakd úg" ;udg ore iïm;la fidhd.kq msKsi fjk;a ìß|l mdjd .ekSu

jrola fkdfõ' ore iïm;lg bv ke;s ia;%sh oslalido lrkjd fjkqjg" orejka

yod.kakjd fjkqjg" ore fifkyi hgm;a lr.kakjd fjkqjg fuh hym;a fõ'

^b& flfkl= fndfyda foam< iïm;aj,g ysñlrejl= jkakg mq`Mjk' tu Okh fndfyda

fokd w;r fnoS hdug fuu.ska wjia:dj ie,fia' miq Wreulï ,eîu yryd

Nd¾hdjka" orejka yd ióm {d;Skag fï ksid jeä hym;la ie,fia' mjq,a yd

iudc hym; i|yd o fuh WmldÍ fõ'

² nyq Nd¾hd újdy l%uh" tal Nd¾hd l%uhg jvd jeo.;a jkqfha fï ksid h' th O¾ñIag

Ndjh w;ska Wiia jk neúka" tal Nd¾hd l%ufha ;ek .kshs hkqfjka yeõf,dla t,sia

^,sx.sl ufkda úoHdj - msgqj 502& mjikafka ta ksidfjks'

² ia;%sh yd mqreIhka w;r iajdNdúl iïnkaO;dj we;s lrkakd jQ nyq Nd¾hd újdy l%uhg

msúiSu" .Ksld jD;a;sh" iudc frda." .íidjka" kS;súfrdaëj Wmosk orejkaf.aÿla

lïlfgd`¨" ia;%S mqreI ck.yk fjki fya;=fjka we;sjk wújdyl ldka;djkaf.a

wjdikdj" lDDr;aj iy B¾IHdj hkdoS fodaIhkaf.ka wdrlaId ùug fhda.H jkakls hkqfjka

ffjoH f,afndka i|yka lrhs'

² wdpd¾h wekS fnikaÜ ;=ñh" ngysg rgj,a flakaø lrf.k fufia i|yia lrhs' ngysr

rgj, u;=msg fmfkk fia mj;skafka tal Nd¾hd l%uhhs' we;af;ka u tys mj;skafka

j.lSfuka neyer jQ nyq Nd¾hd l%uhhs' msßñhdg tmdjk úg Tyq ;ndf.k isá .eyeKsh

w;ayer oukq ,nhs' wka;sfï oS wehg uyu`. weúoskakg isÿfõ' wehf.a wkd.;h .ek

m<uqjk wdorjka;hdg lsisu j.lSula ke;' nyq Nd¾hd újdyh jHjydrfha we;s mjq,l"

ìß|l jYfhka o" ujl jYfhka o ms<s.kq ,nk ia;%shf.a ;;a;ajhg jvd uehf.a ;;a;ajh

ish .=Khla krl h'

² ngysr rgj," k.r ùÓj, rd;%S ld,j, weúosk oyia ixLHd wjdikdjg m;a ldka;djka

foi n,k úg" nyq Nd¾hd újdyh iïnkaOfhka bia,duhg .ryk Tjqkag osjla ;sfnkakg

fkdmq`Mjk' w;jrj,g ,la j kS;s úfrdaë orejd iu`. uyu`.g m;afldg" msysgla

ke;sj hfkk iEu fokdgu ì,s ù" ud;D;ajh wysñ lerf.k" ish¨ fokdf.a u wmjdohg

,la j ,eÊcd jkjdg jvd" nyq Nd¾hd újdyhg msúi" tlu ieñfhl= iu`. Ôj;a fjñka

kS;Hdkql+, orejka w; ordf.k f.!rjkSh f,i Ôj;a ùug ,eîu fndfyda W;=ï fõ'

² bia,dï nyq Nd¾hd újdyh wksjd¾h fkdlrk nj o" úl,am wjia:dj, muKla Bg

wkque;sh fok nj o ksÍlaIKh lsÍfï oS" fodia k.k whf.a ia:djrh idjoH nj o oek

.ksuq'

140

ðydoa

² mo w¾:h ( cqyaoa" cyo hk jpkfhka ðydoa hk moh ksIamkak ù we;' uq`M uy;a

Yla;shu" n,hu fhdojd wod< b,lalhg <`.dùu hk woyiska o" lsishï b,lalhlg

<`.dùug ish Yla;sh" yelshdj hkdoS ish,a,u m%fhdackhg .ekSu hk woyiska o fuu

jpkh fhfoa'

² ðydoa hk moh yd y¾*a hk moh w;r we;s fjki (

idudkHfhka wrdì NdIdfõy¾*a yd lsod,a hk jpkj,ska wr.," hqoaOh" igk hkdoS

f;areï fohs' ðydoa hk mofha iKavq lsÍu hk wre; we;;a" hqoaOh fyda iKavqj fyda

ðydofha l%ufõohla úkd th iïmQ¾K l%ufõoh fkdfõ'

² w,al=¾wdkfhys ðydoa hk moh *S iî,s,a,dya hkak yd ine|sj fndfyda ;ekaj, i|yka

fõ' Bg fya;=j" wd;aud¾:ldó wruqKq ish,af,ka u ñoS" yDohdx.uj" w,a,dyaf.a i;=g

muKla wruqKq lrf.k ðydoa isÿúh hq;= njhs'

² Budka msysgqjd we;af;a ljqreka o" Tjqyq foaj ud¾.fhys igka jos;s' m%;slafIamlhka j

isákafka ljqreka o Tjqka ;dl+;af.a Îhs;dka& ud¾.fhys igka jos;s' ^4(76&

w,a,dyaf.a ufyaYdlH Ndjh fY%aIag;ajhg m;a lrkq msKsi igka joskafka ljqreka o"

w,a,dyaf.a ud¾.fha mj;sk igk Tyqf.a h' ^nqydß&

² n,y;aldrlïj,ska ñksiqka /lf.k iudc kS;sh iy;sl lrk whqßka lsisu flfkl=g

wmrdOhla fkdlsÍfuka o" hqoaO iïm%odhhka fkdì|sñka o" w,a,dyaf.a l,Sudj f.dvkexùu

i|yd msßisÿ fÉ;kdfjka" w,a,dya oela jQ ud¾.fha isg" uqia,sïjrfhl= isÿlrk iEu

m%h;akhla u ðydoa jYfhka bia,dï ks¾foaY lrhs'

² ðydoh ms<sn| jeros wdl,amh we;s lsÍug fya;=jla jk mßoafoka" jeros woyiska úia;r

lr ;sfí' tfy;a" ðydofha wruqK yd th w;alr .ekSu i|yd bia,dufhka ilia lr

;sfnk l%ufõohka flfrys ie,ls,a, fhduq lrk wh" ðydoh yd fiiq igka w;r

fjkialï mj;sk nj yd bia,dóh ud¾.fha mj;sk ðydoa hqla;sh yd idOdrK;ajfhka

hqla; jQjla nj o ols;s'

² by; i|yka ðydoa iïnkaOfhka bosßm;a lr ;sfnk jeros w¾:l:k" fuh ;%ia;jdohla"

n,y;aldrlula" lvqfjka fkdfyd;a n,fhka bia,duh jHdma; lrkakla" rgj,a w,a,kakla"

foam< Okh fld,a, lEula ke;akï" meyer .ekSula" m,s .ekSula yd iSudj blaujd

hdula hkdoS jYfhka fodaIdfrdamK f.d;d we;'

² iduh yd hqoaOh kï úIhfhys uQ,sl;ajh orkqfha iduh nj o" hqoaOh úl,amhla hkak

bia,dóh ia:djrh fõ' bia,dï jeäuk;a wruqKq lr ;sfnkafka idufha me;a;g h'

wdpd¾h uqia;*d wiais*dB lrk úia;rh óg b;d .e,fmkakls' bia,dï hk moh" iduh

yd ixys|shdj hk wre;a fohs' th i,dï hk mofhka ksIamdkak bia,dï hkq uki" mK

yd lh hkdosfhka i:Hhg yd hym;a foaj,g k;= ùuh' fuf,dj yd mrf,dj jYfhka

n,OdÍ w,a,dyag wjk; ùuh' wiai,dï hkq w,a,dyaf.a" w,xldr Y%S kduh ls'

uqia,sïjrekaf.a wdpdrh wiai,duq w,hsl=ï hkakhs' iEu uqia,sïjrfhla u keuÿfï oS"

w;a;yshahd;a wjia:dfõ kìî,a& ;=udKka" uqia,sïjreka iy W;=ukag i,dï lshd" iduh

141

fjkqfjka m%d¾:kd lr;s' tfiau" i,dï hk mofhka u keuÿu iïmQ¾K fõ' keuÿfuka

miq u#iQ¾ jk m%d¾:kfhys oS o i,dï hk moh m%uqL;dj ,nhs' ulaldyafõ jiaðÿ,a yrï

ys fodrgqjla o" uoSkdyafõ uiaðÿka knúfha fodrgqjla o ndnqiai,dï îdufha oajdrh&

jYfhka kï lr ;sfí' f,dfõ w,a,dyag wjk;j Ôj;a jQjkag mrf,dfjys oS w;ajk

kjd;ek odreiai,dï îdufha ksjyk& hkakhs' iaj¾.fha wdpdrh i,dï hk mohhs'

² w,a l=¾wdkSh mdG úpdrd;aul j .fõIKh lrk úg" is,aï ̂ iduh& moh o thska jHq;amkak

mohka o mdG 133 l i|yka nj o y¾*a - hqoaOh hk moh yhm,l muKla i|yka njo

fmfka' iduh ms<sn| bia,dufha wdl,amh b;d n,j;a nj fuhska meyeos<s fõ' bia,dufha

ms<smeoSu ;=<ska wfmalaIs; m%;sM,h Ydka;sfha ud¾.h w;alr .ekSu nj w,al=¾wdkfha

meyeos<sj i|yka fõ'

² ksh; jYfhka u" w,a,dya fj;ska wdf,dalh o" meyeos<s wd.ula o my< ù we;' thska

Tyqf.a fidïki wkq.ukh lrk whg w,a,dya" iduhg u`. fmkajkafka h' ^5(15" 16&

² kì î,a& ;=ud iy iydndjreka ulaldfõ wfkal úO ÿla .eyegj,g ,la lereKq

wjia:dfõ" bjis,sjka; jk fuka w,al=¾wdkh Tjqkaf.ka b,a,d isàh' bia,dufha i;=rka

iu`. igka josuq hehs iydndjreka kì î,a& ;=udf.ka wjirh me;+ wjia:dj," ;ud

igka jeoSug wjir fkd,o nj t;=ud mejiSh' uoSkdyafõ oS" igka i|yd wkque;sh

,eîug fmrd;=j my< jQ ye;a;Ejla ^70& muK jQ l=¾wdka mdG" igka .ek ksy~j isàu

;=<ska" bia,dufha hqoaOhg wkque;sh ,eî ;sfnkqfha úl,amhla jYfhka nj meyeos<s fõ'

² ukqIH Ôú;h iodl,a iemodhl ke;' ÿl" iem" os<s÷lu iy myiqlu hkdosh udrefjka

udrejg tf<fUhs' tfuka u ñksiqkaf.a reÑ wreÑlï o" fjkiajk iq`M h' fï fya;=fjka

u; fNao ygf.k" tlsfkl l=<,a ld .ks;s' fï ish¨ tosßjdoslï idufhka wjika

fj;ehs wfmalaId l< fkdfya' we;eï úfgl fuu .eg¨ ksrdlrKh lr .kq msKsi

hqoaOh fkdje<elaúh yels idOlhla fjhs' iduh wjOdrKh lrk fiiq wd.ïj, mjd"

hqoaOhg wkque;sh oS ;sfnkqfha fï ksidfjks' hqoaOhlska krl m%;sM, muKla ,efí

kï"foaj oyï lsis úfgl Bg wkque;sh fokafka ke;' wfkla w;g" hqoaOh ñksidf.a

hym;g u`. i,ik ksid o" th iudc úoHd;aul wjYH;djla jYfhka i,lkq ,nhs'

w,al=¾wdkSh woyiska fuh ikd: fjhs'

ñksiqka w;ßka we;eï jeros lrkakkag tfrysj" we;euqkaf.a ud¾.fhka w,a,dya ^Tjqka&

j<lajd fkd;snqfKa kï fï uy fmdf<dj úkdY ù ;sfnkakg mq`Mjk' ^2(251&

² ñksidf.a iudchSh m%.ukhg yd Tjqkaf.a idrO¾u YsIagdpdr ixj¾Okhg hqoaOh

fkdje,elaúh yels tlla jk nj fuu mdGfhka f.kyer oelafjhs' jro .ek úuikakg

lKavdhula isàu;a" tu lKavdhu tu jeroslrejkag jvd n,j;a j isàu;a w;HdjYH

fõ'

² bia,dï" ðydoh wkqu; lrkqfha úúO fya;+ka u; h'

1' bia,dóh o#jdjg u`. mdod oSu'

2' n,y;aldrlï hg;a fldg Woõ lsÍu'

3' uqia,sïjrekaf.a N+ñ iy mQckSh m%foaY /l.ekSu'

4' my;a lrk ,o ck;dj .,jd .ekSu'

142

² bia,dóh b;sydih mqrd yg.;a igka wd;audrlaIl igka ñi bia,duh n,fhka" lvqfjka

me;srùug osh;a l< l%shdjla fkdfõ' by; i|yka foaYkd igkaj,g ;=vq ÿka fya;= iy

igka isÿjqKq wdldrh ikd: lrkafka h'

² ðydofhka ch .;a miq" fndfyda wjia:dj, iudj fok ,o nj oek.kakg mq`Mjk' kì

î,a& ;=ud ulaldyaj ch .ekSfuka miq' ish ndmamdf.a lejq;a; iud fl< .eiQ kskaodjg

mjd iudj ÿkafka h' hqo isrlrefjda udkqIsl f,i i,lkq ,enQy' noa¾ igka isrlrejka

iu`. l%shd l< wdldrh óg losu ksoiqkls'

² osïñjre iEu whs;sjdislula u ,nñka jdih l<y' —osïñjrfhl=f.a reêrh"

uqia,sïjrfhl=f.a reêrhg iudk h˜ehs kì î,a& ;=ud l< m%ldYh bia,dï fudk ;rï

ÿrg udkj ys;jdoS f,i l%shd lrkjd o hkakg ksoiqkls' bia,dufhka b.ekafjk

ðydoh" ;%ia;jdohla j" N+ñh wdl%uKh lrkakla j yd m<s.ekSula j mej;shd kï by;

i|yka .=Kdx. olakg ;sfnkafka ke;'

² uqia,sïjre rgj,a we,a,Su" fld,a, leu yd bia,duh ldjeoaoSu hkdoS wruqKq iys;j

ðydoa ler ;snqfKa kï" hk hk iEu ;eklu Tjqka .re ire f,i ms<s.efkkafka ke;'

ysÊß j¾I 13 yd 100 w;r jQ iSñ; ld, mrdihla ;=<" bia,duh ngysßka msrkSia l÷

olajd o" kef.kysßka uOHu wdishdj yd Ök uyd m%dÖrh olajd o" .sksfldk foiska iskaÿ

m%foaYh olajd o by<ska ms<s.efkkakg bvlv fkdùh' iEu m%foaYhlu úiQ ishü

Wiia ckSckhd uqia,sïjreka ms<sf.k" .re nqyquKska hq;=j ie,l+y' óg fya;=j jQfha

uqia,sïjreka ms<sf.k ms<smosñka Ôj;a jQ bia,dufha iqúfYaI;ajh yd uysuhhs'

² f,dj mqrd úisr jHdma;j .sh uqia,sïjre" ñksiqka foi udkj ys;jdofhka neÆy' iEU

ñksfil=u tlu Ôjhlska ujkq ,enQjka nj is;a ordf.k isáhy' ñksiqka w;r lsisÿ

fNaohla fkdoelajQy' iEu w;ska u iudc kS;sh wdrlaId l<y' tl, uqia,sïjre" wdhqO

n,hg jvd w,a,dya fj; n,j;a fia úYdjih ;enQy' n,h fhdojd ljr kï ld¾hhla

l< o" th mj;skafka ke;' fmros. yd wmros. rgj, bia,dï oeä f,i ia:dms; ùug

;=vq ÿka uQ,sl fya;=j jQfha fudjqka flfrys olakg jQ bia,dóh idrO¾u h' ñksiqkag

kïnqj foñka udkqIsl .=Koyï iys;j Tjqka weiqre l<y' Y%S ,xldj jeks rgj,

bia,dï m%p,s; jQ l%uh .fõIKh lsÍu ;=<ska fï nj myiqfjka jgyd .; yels jkafkah'

² uqia,sïjreka o" uqia,sï fkdjkakka o" ðydoh .ek i|yka lrk úg" Tjqkaf.a ukig

kef`.kafka wdhqO ikakoaO igka h' fï jkdys" ðydoj¾. w;ßka fkdje<elaúh yels

wjia:dj, fhdod .kakls' budï bíkq,a lhahQï ;=ud ish id,s;=,a uwdoa kue;s

lD;sfhys ðydoh j¾. 15 lg fnod olajhs' tajdhska j¾. y;rla ^4& is; yd ine|s h'

j¾. folla ^2& Ihs;dkag tfrys jQ tajd h' ;=kla îudch& ;=< mekk.sk wmrdOj,g

tfrys jQ tajd h' b;sß j¾. y;r ^4& m%;slafIamlhka iy jxpkslhkag tfrysj w;"

osj yd uqo,a fhdojd osh;a lrk l%shdjka h' fï wkqj" Od¾ñl igk hkq ðydofha úúO

j¾.j,ska tlla nj ie,l=j ukdh'

143

wmrdO yd o~qjï

² jHjydßl f,dalfhamj;akd oKavk kS;s jQl,S" kS;s úYdrohskaf.a úêúOdk f,i ilid

we;' fïjd udkisl idrO¾u mqyqKqj fyda iudc ixfYdaOk w.hhka fyda we;s lsÍug

wiu;a úh' wmrdO .ek o" tajdfha iajNdjhka yd kS;s iïmdok m%fhdackhka .ek o

ie,ls,a,la oelajQ ;rug wmrdOj,g wod< o~qjï fyda wmrdOhka ksiel f,i Tmamq

lsÍug ;e;a lsÍfuys fyda jeä ie,ls,a,la fhduq l< njla fkdfmfka' we;eï úg

;d¾lsl olaI;dj fya;=fjka jrolre" ksjeroslre jYfhka y÷kajd osh yels ;rug

fnd<| úêúOdk h' fï ksid iudc úkdYh yd mßydksh iys; fõ'iudc úfrdaëka /

l ;rug ÿn,h' fï ksid" f,dfõ iudc úfrdaë l%shdj, fhfokakkaf.a n,h wêl

ùfuka iudc whs;sjdislï meyer .kakd ;;a;ajhla mj;S'

² iEu ;;a;ajhla ;=<oS u we;eï uQ,sl yrhka wdrlaId lsÍfuys yd tajd jeäoshqKq

lsÍfuys,d bia,dï jeä ie,ls,a,la olajhs' tajd oSka ûd¾.h&" foam," Okh" YÍrh"

Ôú;h" mrmqr" nqoaêh yd .re;ajh hkdoshhs' fïjd iqrlaIs; fkdjk úfgl" úkh

úfrdaëNdjh" widOdrKh iy wrdðl;ajh we;s fõ' fïjd wdrlaId lsÍug yd ixj¾Okh

lsÍug bia,dï wjOdkh fhduq lrkqfha tneúks' bia,dufha wmrdO yd o~qjï ms<sn|

uQ,O¾u o fuu úêúOdkj,g WÑ;f,i ilia ù ;sfí'

² fmdÿfõ wmrdOhla hkq ksYaÑ; ffk;sl iSudjkg fyda tl`.;dj,g ne|S l%shdlrk

njg tl`. jQ mqoa.,hl= th W,a,x>kh lsÍuls' tf,i W,a,x>kh l< mqoa.,hd mQ¾j

;;a;ajhg f.fkkakg mdkq ,nk jH;sf¾l l%shdj ke;fyd;a tjeks iSudjkaf.ka iudch

wdrlaId lsÍu i|yd .kq ,nk IÍwdfõ i|yka m%;sldr l%shdj o~qjï jYfhka ye|skafõ'

bia,dóh oDIaáfldaKh wkqj" jeäúhg m;a" hym;a isysfhka miqjk flfkl=" w,a,dya

iy riQ,a kshu l< lreKla w;yer oeóu iy ;ykï l< fohla lsÍu jrola f,i

oelafõ' fuh iudchSh oelafuka i|yka lrf;d;a" mqoa.,hl= fyda lKavdhula úiska

fjk;a mqoa.,fhl=f.a fyda lKavdhul YÍrhg fyda foam<j,g fyda wd;au.re;ajhg

ydkshla isÿjk whqßka l%shd lsÍu yd l%shd lsÍug osß.ekaùu bka oelafõ' fun÷ iudc

úfrdaë l%shdj,ska wd.u" mqoa.,hka yd iudch wdrlaId lr .kq msKsi .kakd jQ Ißwdfõ

i|yka m%;sldÍ l%shd o~qjï jYfhka y÷kajkq ,efí'

² by; i|yka yrj;a lreKq /l.kq msKsi" bia,dï wmrdOhka j¾. fldg" tajdg

.e,fmk o~qjï ks¾Kh fldg mqoa.,hka" iudch" wd.u iy bia,dóh rdcHh wdrlaId

lrhs'

² wmrdO crdbuq,a yq¥ia" o~qjï kS¾Kh lrk ,o wmrdO" crdbuq,a lshdia jkakSh'

m,s.eiSu" jkaos ,nd.ekSu keue;s o~qjï ,nk wmrdO" ;iS¾ wmrdO fyj;a idudkH

wmrdO hkdoS jYfhka j¾. fldg ;sfí' iudcfha Wkak;shg wod< mokï iqrlsk

mßoafoka Bg wod< o~qjï bia,dufhka ks¾Kh ù ;sfí'

144

² o~qjï kshu lsÍug fmrd;=j ia,dï" hï hï yrhka i,ld th isÿ lrhs'

1' kshñ; o~qju wmrdO isÿjkakg fmr th j<lajd .; yels mßoafoka úh hq;= h'

2' o~qju b;du iqÿiq jkakla úh hq;=h'

3' o~qjï oSfuys oS jrolre f.a ;;a;ajh ;rd;sru .ek ie,ls,a,g fkd.; hq;= h'

4' o~qjï iudc wdrlaIdj yd iudc ia:djr;ajh b,lal lr .;a;la úh hq;= h'

5' o~qjï kS;Hdkql+, úh hq;=h'

6' idudkH wmrdOj,oS fok o~qjï" jrolre iïnkaOfhka fjkia úh yelsh'

bia,dóh o~qjïj, olakg ,efnk fulS uQ,sl yrhka jrojd wjfndaO lrf.k ;sfí'

tajd idOdrK nj o ikd: lsÍug by; i|yka uQ,sl yrhka m%udKj;a fõ'

² bia,dóh o~qjïj, wruqKq yd b,lal" ta ms<sn| jeros wjfndaOh ;=rka lrhs'

1' oekqj;a fldg' hyu`. fmkajd hym;a ñksiqka njg m;a lsÍu'

2' jeros ke;sfldg iudc úkh yd kS;sh iq/lSu

3' iudc ixfYdaOk yd úkh md,kh

4' fm!oa.,sl yd iudc whs;sjdislï iq/lSu

5' ck;dj hym; lrd fufyhjñka wd;au oukh yd j.lSï ms<sn| ye`.Su we;s lrùu'

6' wmrdOlrejka hyu`.g fhduq lsÍu'

7' u;=jg wmrdO isÿ fkdjkakg j.n,d .ekSu'

8' l< jrog úmdlh ,nd oSu

² bia,dóh o~qjï ïf,aÉP" wYsIag" ñksia whs;sjdislïj,g we`.s,s .ik iy lDDr tajd

hehs fodaIo¾Yk úáka úg wikakg ,efí' ksoiqkla jYfhka" ÿrdpdrfhys fhfokakdg

li myr ishhla fyda újdyl kï .,a .id urd oeóu" u;ameka mdkh lrkakdg li

myr y;<syla" fidrlï lrkakdf.a w; is|,Su" wmjdo k.kakdg li myr wiQjla

iy wd.u fjkia lrkakdg wjjdo lsßfuka miq urKSh oKavkh kshu lsÍu hkdosh

jrojd jgydf.k we;s nj i|yka l< yelsh' fulS wmrdOj,ska iudfha yr moaO;Skag

isÿjk ydksh yd ta ksid f,dfõ ljr úmdl oelafõ o hkak is;d ne,Sug fudjqyq

wfmdfydi;a fj;s' fulS o~qjï l%shdjg fkdkexùu ksid" iudcfha ygf.k ;sfnk

iudc" wd¾Ól" úkh yd idrO¾u mßydksh .ek is;kakg wfmdfydi;a fj;s'

bia,dóh o~qjïj,g wod< idOdrK;ajh

1' bia,dï jkdys w,a,dya úiska ilia lrk ,o" fuf,dj yd mrf,dj iïnkaO lr.;a

wxl iïmQ¾K Ôjk ie,eiauls' tys kS;s jHjia:d ish,a,u" fof,dju iïnkaO lr

.;a;la neúka" th úfõpkh l< yels jkqfha ta folgu iïnkaO fldg .fõIKh

lrkakkag muKs' Wolau f,daldh;h b,lal ler f.k is;kafkl=g fuys wre;

jgyd .; fkdyelsh'

2' bia,dï lskï wruqKq b,lal lrf.k o~qjï kshu lrkafka o" bka tu wruqKq

wialr .; yels neúka" th idOdrK fõ' bia,dóka kS;sh l%shdjg kexjQ kì î,a&

;=ud f.a wjêfha o l=,*dW¾ rdIsÿkajrekaf.a wjêfha o" j;aufkys bia,dóh o~qjï

l%shd;aul lrk rgj, o fuh oel .kakg mq`Mjk'

145

3' jeros isÿùu j,lajk jd;djrKhla ìysl<dg miqj h" bia,dï o~qjï kshu lrkqfha'

tys úYajdi ixl,am" iudc" wd¾Ól" foaYmd,ksl" wOHd;añl yd úkh ms<sn| foaYk

jeros isÿ fkdjk jd;djrKhla ìys lrhs' óg ksoiqkla jYfhka my; i|yka

lreKq bosßm;a l< yels h' újdy yd nyq Nd¾hd újdy hkdosh wúpdr" ÿrdpdr isÿ

ùu j<lajhs' bia,dóh we÷ï me<÷ï" ia;%S - mqreIhka iïnkaO úkh ms<smoskq ,nk

úg jeros in|;d" yd jeros l%shd isÿjkakg wjia:djla ke;' zild;a" miq Wreulï"

wka;su leue;a;" iold" zild;=,a *s;a¾ hkdosh l%shdjg kexfjk ;efkl fidrlï

isÿùug bvlv ke;' bia,dï o~qjï muqKqjd,Sug ierfikafka fujeks miqìula

;=< neúka th idOdrK fõ' th jrojd f;areï f.k we;s Woúh fï lreKq

úu¾Ykh l< hq;= h'

4' wmrdO yd o~qjï iïnkaOfhka mQ¾jdjfndaOhla bia,dï ,nd oS we;' b;d meyeos<s

jYfhka" crdbuq,a uq¥oa yd crdbuq,a lsidia j;a;shd w<,d l=¾wdkfha yd iqkakdyafõ

úia;r lr ;sfnk neúka" bia,duh ms<s.;a uqia,sïjrfhl=" fïjd ms<sf.k l%shd

lsÍu myiqjla fõ' fïjdg iydìjreka tl`. jQ njg iydìjrhl= jQ udbiaf.a

ft;sydisl isoaêfhka ikd: fõ'

5' mrf,djys oS muqKqjkq ,nk o~qjï .ek wjOdrKh lsÍu ;=<ska bia,dï" udkisl

ixhuhla i,ihs' fujeks udkisl ixhuhla iys; mqoa.,hka w;r" wmrdO isÿlsÍfï

m%jK;djla ke;' kì ys;j;=ka udkisl ixhuhlska hq;= jQ neúka Tjqk;r wmrdO

isÿlsÍfï wjia:d b;d úr, úh'

6' o~qjï muqKqjd,Sug bia,dufhka fldkafoais mkjd we;' wmrdO idlaIs iys;j Tmamq

l< hq;=hs' ke;fyd;a wmrdOlre ms<s.; hq;=h' jrog fmd<Uùula fkd;sìh hq;=hs'

oekqu yd ksoyi mj;sk úg wmrdOh isÿj ;sìh hq;=hs' jro lsÍfï udkisl;ajfhka

jro lsÍu tfia ;Skaÿ lrk o~qju" idlaIs iys;" ;d¾lsl iy nqoaêu;a úpdrYS,S;ajhg

.e,fmkakla jkjd úkd" th lsisu wmrdO m%;sm;a;shlska Wmqrd .;a;la fyda foaYhl

;ekakï mqoa.,hl=f.a reÑ wreÑlïj,ska n,mEïj,g ,la jQjla fkdjkafka h'

7' wmrdOh isÿjQ miqìu .ek i,ld bia,dóh o~qjï muqKqjkq ,nk neúka" th idOdrK

fõ' fidrlï l< whf.a w; is|,sh hq;= nj bia,dóh oKavKh jqj o" fidrd

fidrlug fm<UjQfha l=i.skak úh yels hehs ielhla we;s ù kï" Tyqg tu o~qju

muqKqjkafka ke;' l=i.skak fya;=fjka ckhd fidrlï lrkq we;ehs is;+ Wu¾ ̂ r<s&

;=ud id.;hla meje;s wjêhl fidrlï i|yd jk o~qju meñKjQfha ke;' bia,dóh

o~qjï muqKqjkq ,nkafka lskï wruqKla i|yd o hkak oelaùug fuh losu ksoiqkls'

8' bia,dï ys;=u;hg o~qjï l%shd;aul lsÍug wjir fkdfohs' —ielh mokï lrf.k

o~qjï meñKùfuka j,lskak'˜ Wu¾ ^r<s& ;=udf.a wjêfha isÿjQ isoaêhlska fuh

meyeos<s j oelafõ' yd;sì bíkq w,S nd,s;d fj; fiajh l< fld¨jka lsysm fofkl="

uqiakd f.da;%hg wh;a flfkl=f.a Tgq fokl fidrlï l<njg Wu¾ ^r<s& ;=ud fj;

meñKs,s lrk ,oS' Wu¾ ^r<s& ;=ud fuh úNd. l< úg tlS fld¨fjda" ;ud th

fidrlï l< nj ms<s.;ay' fï ksid Tjqkaf.a w;a is|,k f,i Wu¾ ;=ud ;Skaÿ

lf<ah' bkamiq fudfyd;la l,amkd flg" fld¨jkaf.a ydïmq;d wu;d w,a,dyaf.a

kdufhka" Tn fï fld¨jka jevg fhdojd" Tjqka l=i.skafkys ;enQ nj;a" ta fya;=fjka

146

;ykï lrk ,o wdydrh .ekSug Tjqka fm<eUjQ nj;a" ud fkdoek isáhd kï" ud ta

fld¨jkaf.a w;a is|,kakg ;snqKd hkqfjka mejiSh' ;jo w,a,dyaf.a kdufhka" ud ta

fld¨jkaf.a w;a fkdis|Æ ksid" Tng mSvdldÍ o~qjula muqKqjkjd hehs mjid" Tgq

fokf.a jákdlu fukafo.=Khla f.jk f,i ydïmq;dg ksfhda. lf<ah'

flfkl= jrola isÿlsÍug fmd<jkakd jQ miqìula ;sfí kï" Tyqg o~qjï fkdmuqKqjk

njg fuu isoaêfhka iy;sl fõ'

9' ksYaÑ; jeros l%shdj,g iudj oSu yd o~qjï ,nkakdf.a mjq, flfrys bia,dufhka

oelafjk ie,ls,a," bia,dóh o~qjï lDDr jQjla fkdjk nj ikd: lrhs' o~qju

,nkakkaf.a mjq,aj,g fmdÿ wruqof,ka wdOdr imhkq ,efí'

10' fm!oa.,sl ksoyi iSudjlg ,laúh hq;=h hk ms<sfj;g bia,dóh o~qjï bjy,a jk

ksid th idOdrK fõ' ukao" jeros isÿ lrkakkaf.a n,h jeä ù iudc ydkshg

fya;=jk mßos ksoe,af,a isàug Tjqkg bvoSu Bgfya;=j ùu h'

11' kìî,a& ;=udf.a wjêfha o" l=,*d W¾rdIs¥kajrekaf.a wjêfha o o~qjï muqKqjkq

,enqfKa b;d wvq jYfhks' Bg mdol jQ fya;= rdYshla we;' m<uqjekak" bia,dóh

o~qjï úiska wmrdO fkdisÿjk jgdmsgdjla we;s lsÍu h' fojekak" ckhd wmrdOj,ska

j<lajd .; yels iudc mßirh ìysùuh' oekg jHjydrfhys we;s o~qjï l%u"

wmrdO fmd<Ujkakla fõ' ta w;r wmrdO isÿùug bjy,a jk ishü fodrgq újD;

lr ;sfí'

12' bia,dóh b;sydih mqrd" o~qjï l%shdjg kexjQ wdldrfhka o~qjï lDDrjQjla fkdjk

nj o" bia,dufha wruqK o~qjï oSu fkdjk nj o" iy;sl fõ' ÿrdpdrfha fhÿKq

ldka;djl" kì î,a& ;=ud fj; wjq;a" ;udg o~qjï muqKqjk fuka b,a,d isáhd h'

orejd je¥ miq tkakehs t;=ud weh wdmiq heùh' orejd ,enqKq miq weh kej;

meñKshd h' tysoS kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud lsß oSfuka miq tkakehs weh yrjd heùh' fojirlg

miq meñKs wehg o~qjï muqKqjk ,oS'

bia,duh iy tys o~qjï l%u .ek jrojd jgyd.;a Woúh ta .ek újD; ukiska idOdrK

f,i l,amkd lsÍu ;=<ska ys;lr ks.ukhlg t<fUkakg mq`Mjka nj by; i|yka

fya;=j,ska iy;sl fõ'

ldka;djkaf.a ;;a;ajh

² ldka;djkaf.a ixLHdj iudcfha yß wvla nj .Kkh lr ;sfí' tuksid iudch úiska

Tjqka fldka lsÍug fyda widOdrKhg ,la lsÍug fyda kqmq`Mjk' ixLHdfjka yß wvla

jqj o" iudcfha hym; fyda whym; we;s lsÍfuys,d w;s úYd, odhl;ajhla Tjqka ork

nj wújdos; h'

² uj" mdi,ls' weh ksis f,i mßmd,kh lsÍu ;=<ska fY%aIaG .=K oyï iys; mrmqrlau ìys

lrkakS hehs tla;rd lúfhla lshhs'

² j;aufkys fmdÿfõ" úh;=ka" Ñka;lhka" iudc ixfYdaOlhka" foaYlhka yd kdhlhka

we;=`M ish¨ fokd u ldka;djkaf.a .re;ajh" iudch ;=< Tjqkaf.a ;;a;ajh" Tjqkag

isÿlrk lDDrlï yd ,sx.sl iudkd;au;dj hkdoS fkdfhl=;a ud;Dld ghf;a l;d lr;s'

,sh;s' woyia yqjudre lr .ks;s' m¾fhaIK lr;s'

147

² l%s'j' 586 oS mj;ajk ,o iïfï,khl oS ldka;djkag" ñksiqka jYfhka i,lkjd o

ke;akï i;l= jYfhka ms<s.kakjd oehs jdo fldg" weh" mqreI mlaIhg fiajh lsÍu

i|yd ujkq ,enQjla hk ks.ukhg t<eUqky' 1995 oS fnhsðx ys mj;ajk ,o iïfï,kfha

oS ldka;djka ms<sn| j w¾nqoldÍ woyia muKla yqjudre úh'

² b;sydih mqrd iEu jljdkqjloS u" ldka;djka flfia i,lkq ,enQjd o hkak f;areï

.ekSu ;=<ska" bia,dufhka Tjqkag i,ik ,o Wiia ;;a;ajh .ek meyeos<s j jgyd .;

yelsh'

bia,dufha m%fõYhg fmr

² iqfïßhkajre" msßñfhl= fidrlï l<d kï Tyqg ,sys,a o~qjï meñKjQy' .eyeKsh

wef.a ieñhdf.a fohla fidrlï l< o" wehg oeä f,i o~qjï l<y' we;eï úg wef.a

kdih lmd ouk ,oS"

² .íidjlska miq ia;%sh Ôj;=ka w;r isáh;a ke;;a weh t,a,d urKq ñi" ñysoka lsÍugj;a"

fuifmdfÜñhkajre bosßm;a fkdjQy'

² .%Sl jeishka" ia;%Skag ie,l=fõ" nvq uqÜgq ñ,g .ekSu yd wf,ú lrkakla jYfhks' i;=ka

fjkqjg yqjudre lr .kakd NdKavhla jYfhka ia;%Syq i,lkq ,enQy'

² frdaukajre ia;%Skag lsisÿ ie,ls,a,la fkdoelajQy' ia;%Skag" hqla;sh wheo lsisÿ Widúhlg

hd fkdyels úh' újdyfhka miq wef.a ishü foam<" ieñhdf.a wdêm;Hhg hg úh'

wehg ksoyfia yß yïn lsÍu" foam< wdrlaId lsÍu" úlsKSu fyda .súiqïj,g t<eöu

fyda l< fkdyels úh'

² bkaoshdkqjka ia;%sh .ek is;=fõ" urKh" ji" wmdh" jix.;h yd kdrhkag jvd ÿIag

jia;=jla jYfhks'

² ieñhdf.a u<l| Ñ;lfha ms<siafik úg tu .sks ue,hg weh o ùis lrkq ,enqjdh'

² mqrd;k l%sia;shdksjre ldka;djka wmdfha fodrgqj" Ihs;dkaf.a uq,au wdlD;sh" mdmfha uj

yd oIag lsÍug iQodkï j isák f.dakqiail= jYfhka ie,l+y'

² wrdìyq" ldka;djka ,sx.sl NdKavhla yd fjf<| NdKavhla jYfhka ie,l+y' Tjqyq .eyeKq

orejka mK msáka ñysoka l<y' Tjqkg lsisÿ whs;sjdislula kqÿkay'

² kì î,a& ;=ud bia,duh /f.k wdfõ fun÷ miqìful h' tu.ska ldka;dfjda .re

nqyqukg m;a lrk ,oy' Tjqka ñksiqka jYfhka fmkajdfok ,oS' mqreIhkg jf.au

ia;%Skag o whs;sjdislï ,nd ÿkafkah' bia,dï" lsisu úfgl ldka;djkag ks.refldg

l;dfldg ke;' msßñkaf.a mdßfNda.sl NdKavhla jYfhka fyda jy<shla jYfhka fyda

i,ld ke;' msßñkag ,nd ÿka .re;ajhu .eyeKqkag o ,nd oS we;'

148

1' tlu wd;auhlska ìys jQ wh

² ia;%S mqreI hk fomd¾Yajhu tlu uQ,hlska yg.;a wh fj;s' ñksil= jYfhka j.lSï

orkakka iy hym;a wdksYxi ,nkakka jYfhka Tjqyq iudk fj;s'

² ñksiqks" Tn Tfí foúhkag ìfhka l%shd lrkak' Tyq Tn ish,a,ka u tlu wd;auhlska

ueùh' ̂ uq,oS ta tlu flkd ujd& Tyqf.ka ish ìß| ueùh' bkamiq ta fom<f.ka fndfyda

ia;%S mqreIhka ^ìysfldg& jHdma; lf<ah' tuksid ta w,a,dyag Tn ìhjkak' ^4(1&

² ñksiqka ia;%S mqreI jYfhka fjkia jqj o ta fofokd u tlu Ôjhlska ueùh' fï wkqj"

flfkla wfkldf.ka mQrKh fj;s'

² tlu ñksidf.ka Tnj uejqfõ Tyq ̂ w,a,dya& h' Tyq ̂ ñksid& iu`. tla j Ôj;a jkq msKsi

Tyqf.a Nd¾hdj Tyq fj;ska u ueõfõh'^7(189& ñksia ixy;sfha m%Njh" tlu ia;%S

mqreIhkaf.ka isÿ úh' ish¨ fokdu tlu rlaIlhdf.a jy¨ka h hk ifydaor;aj ye`.Su

ish¨ fokd u ne| ;nhs' fï ksid" Tn ish¨ fokdu tluq;=j Ôj;a úh hq;= njg

w,al=¾wdkh ksfhda. lrhs' msßñhd" .eyeKshf.a ifydaorhd h' .eyeKsh msßñhdf.a

ifydaorhd h' ksh; jYfhka u ia;%Syq" mqreIhkaf.a ^l<K& ifydaorfhda h' ^wyauoa&

2' wd.u yd keuÿu hkdosfhys iudkd;au;dj

² ksh; jYfhka u uqia,sï jk ia;%S mqreIhskag" úYajdislhka jk ia;%S mqreIhkg ̂ w,a,dyag&

kuosk ia;%S mqreIhkg" we;a; u l;d lrk ia;%S mqreIhkg" odkudk lrk ia;%S mqreIhkg"

iõï ^fkdaïì& iudoka jk ia;%S mqreIhskg" ;u m;sj; rlsk ia;%S mqreIhkg" w,a,dya

iudj o udye`.s wdksixi o" ;nd we;' ^33(35&

² msßñkag jvd .eyeKqka my;a fkdjk nj iy fuu fomd¾Yajhu iudk nj fuu mdGfhka

y`.jkq ,nhs'

3' iudc j.lSïj, iudkd;au;dj

² úYajdih ;enQ ia;%S mqreIfhda tlsfkldg l,HdK ñ;%fhda fj;s' hym; isÿlrk fuka osß

.kajñka o" mõ lsÍfuka j<lajñka o" keuÿï bgq lrñka" zild;h o foñka miqfj;s'

w,a,dyag iy Tyqf.a ¥;hdg lSlrej l%shd lr;s' ^9(71&

² we;euqka ldka;djka mdmfha îch" wl=i,fha W,am; iy msßñka krla ùug fya;=j

fj;ehs i,lkakdla fuka bia,dï fkdi,lhs' wdoï ;=ud ^w,hs& yõjd;=ñhf.a ^w,hs&

fm<Uùu ksid ;ykï l< foh wkqNj l< nj lsh;s' tfy;a fofokdu mjq ludj

wheosfha" fofokdu tla l< mdmhghs' fï nj w,al=rdkfha wfma wdrlaIlhdfKks"

wmg wm úiskau jro isÿlr .kakd ,oS' Tn wm lud fldg msysg fkdjQfha kï ksh;

jYfhka u wms mdvq ú|skakka njg m;a jkafkuq' ^7(25& hkqfjka flfrk i|ykska

mdmfhays,d fofokdgu whs;shla ;sfnk nj olajhs'

149

4' wdksixi w;alr .ekSfuys yd iaj¾.h w;alr .ekSfuys iudkd;au;dj

² Tn w;ßka msßñfhl= fyda .eyeKshl fyda ljqreka hym; l< o th uu ksIaM, njg

m;a fkdlrñ' ^3(95" 16(97" 4(124&

² .súiqï we;s lr .ekSug wdfhdackhka lsÍug yd yßyïn lrk foh ;uka fjkqfjka

;nd .ekSug wehg whs;sh ;sfí'

² bia,dï úiska ia;%Ska Wiia ;;a;ajfhys,d i,lkq ,efí' kì î,a& ;=ud —uq`M f,dju

m%S;sh f.k fokakls' ta w;ßka w;s fY%aIag jkqfha hym;a ia;%shhs'˜ o ûqia,sï&

udkj j¾.hd fnda lsÍu

² mqreIhkg jf.au ia;%Skag o fuys odhl;ajhla ;sfnk neúka weh b÷rd msßñhdg

iudk fjhs' ìß|f.a j.lSï ieñhdf.a j.lSïj,g fkdfofjks h'

ismai;r yeoEÍu

² ismai;r yeoEÍfuys,d msßñka jf.a u .eyeKq o iudk fj;s' oekqu fidhd ,nd .ekSu

iuia; uqia,sïjrekaf.au j.lSu fõ' ^nqydß& b;sydifha wdhsId" ìkals Is*d" *d;sud

is¾yskaoa hkdosyq wOHdmk lafIa;%fhys,d wdo¾Yj;a jQy'

iudc fiajdj, ksr; ùu

² bia,dóh yrhka /l .ksñka iudc fiajdj, fhoSug bia,dï ldka;djkag wkque;sh oS

we;' kì î,a& ;=udf.a wjêfha ldka;dfjda iudc fiajdfõ úúO lafIa;%j, ksr;

fjñka úYd, fufyhla bgq l<y' b.ekaùu" igka jeoSu iy ;=jd, ,enQjkag ffjoH

wdOdr lsÍu hkdoS jYfhka wdhsId ^r<s& ;=ñh yd wiaud ^r<s& ;=ñh fhÿKy'

² fukhska" uqia,sï ldka;djkag ,eî ;sfnk .re;ajh" kïnqj" ;;a;ajh yd whs;sjdislï

hkdosh ksoyia igka ;=<ska fyda ,enQjla fkdfõ' weh b,a,d isáh;a ke;;a bia,dï

wehg fïjd ,nd oS ;sfí'

² bia,dï" ldka;djkag .refldg whs;sjdislï /ila o" f.!rjkSh ;;a;ajhla o ,nd oS

;snqK o" bia,duh .ek B¾IHd iy.; ye`.Sfuka miqjk we;eïyq iel ixld yd m%Yak

bosßm;a lr;s' tajdhska iuyrla fufia h'

) idlaIslrejka jYfhka ms<s.ekSfuys,d iudkd;au;djla ke;'

) miq Wreulï fnoSfï oS fjkialï oelaùu

) kdhl;ajhg wkque;sh fkdoSu

) ;,dla ôslalidoh& lsÍfï oS iudkd;au;dj ke;

150

idlaIslrejka jYfhka ms<s.ekSfuys,d iudkd;au;djhla ke;'

Kh .kqfokq f,aLk.; lsÍu iïnkaOfhka yd tys,d wjxlj l%shd lsÍu iïnkaOfhka

my< ù we;s mdGfhys " ;jo Tn idlaIslrejka jYfhka ms<s.kakd Tnf.a msßñkaf.ka

îqÿiq jQ& fofofkl= îaj¾.hg& idlaIslrejka lrkak' tfia îdlaIslrejka úh hq;=

fofokd msßñkaf.ka fkd,enqKfyd;a" tla msßñfhl= yd Tn idlaIslrejka jYfhka

ms<s.kak' ia;%Ska fofofkl= WmldÍ úh hq;=h' ukao" ia;%Syq fndfyda úg .kqfokq .ek

fkdokakd ksid ta fofokdf.ka tlshlg jerÿkfyd;a" wfkla ia;%sh wehg th isysm;a

lsÍug ^fufia lsÍu& ^2(282&

² ia;%Ska fofofkl=f.a idlaIsh tla msßñfhl=f.a idlaIshg bia,dï iudk lr ;sfí' we;af;kau

fuu fjkialu ia;%shg fyda wehf.a .re;ajhg wvqjla fkdfõ' wfkla w;g weh fjf<|

.kqfokq iy isú,a .eg¨ iïnkaOfhka mßphla ,enQjl fkdfjhs' tla ia;%shlg jerÿK;a"

wfkla ia;%sh wehj ^th& isysm;a lrjkq msKsi hehs w,al=¾wdkfhka mejfikafka ta ksid

h' fndfyda kS;s úYdrohska wmrdO yd m<s.ekSï hkdoS l%shdj, oS ldka;djkaf.a idlaIsh

ms<sfkd.kafka ta ksid h' ukao" fujeks wjia:djk ldka;djka fld;ek isáh;a" ldka;d

iajNdjh ksid u" tajd foi fk;a fy<kakg ue,s fj;s' Tjqkaf.a iajNdjh jkqfha ú,dm

k.ñka osùuhs' fujeks ishqï wjia:djka .ek f;areï .ekSug fyda úia;r lsÍug fyda

Tjqyq wfmdfydi;a fj;s' ta w;r;=ru" ia;%S iajNdjh yd iïnkaO lreKqj, oS weh" ;ksj

isák wjia:dj,oS o wef.a idlaIsh bia,dufhka ms<s.kq ,efí' lkHdNdjh" ore m%i%;sh"

lsß oSu yd fjk;a we;eï wjia:dj, tla msßñfhl=f.a iy tla ia;%shlf.a idlaIsh

iudkfldg i,lkq ,efí' fuh —,swdka˜ wjia:djg ksoiqkla jYfhka oelaúh yels h'

miq Wreulï fnoSfï oS fjkialï

² miq Wreulï fnoSfï oS mjd ia;%Ska yd mqreIhka w;r iudkd;au;dj fkdue;s njg fodia

k`.kafkda isá;s'

we;af;ka u bia,dï úiska ia;%S mqreI fomd¾Yajh fj; mjrd ;sfnk wd¾Ól nr iy ta

fjkqjg ,nd oS ;sfnk miq Wreulïj, idOdrK;ajh .ek oekqj;a úh hq;= h'

ldka;djkaf.a mjq,a j.lSïj,g m%uqL;dj foñka yßyïn lsÍfï j.lSu wehg mjrd

ke;' tu j.lSu mejÍ ;sfnkqfha mßñhd fj; h' ia;%sh"uj" ìß|" ifydaoßh yd

oshKsh hkdoS jYfhka o ñh.sh whf.ka miq Wreulï ,nhs' msßñ wh miq Wreulu

jeäfhka ,eîug idOdrK fya;= /ila ;sfí' Tyq mjqf,a m%Odkshd h' ishü úhyshoï

oeßh hq;af;a Tyq h' msßñkag fuka .eyeKqkag lsisu wd¾Ól j.lSula ke;' ´" ìß|l

j isà kï" ieñhd" ujl f,i isà kï" wef.a mq;=ka" oshKshl f,i isà kï mshd hkdoS

jYfhka fndfyda fokd wehg i,l;s' weh ljo;a wkqka u; /|S isákakshls' ta w;ru

weh ieñhdf.a uy¾ jYfhka foam< ,nk wjia:d o we;' weh miq Wreufhka fldgia

wvq jYfhka ,enQj o fïjdhska tajd ys,jq fõ' fukhska weh ,nk wd¾Ól iudkd;au;dj

úúO fldaKj,ska úia;r l< yels fõ'

151

kdhl;ajhg wkque;sh fkdoSu

² mqreIhka ia;%Ska flfrys mßmd,lfhda h' ^4(34& ia;%Ska iïnkaOfhka mqreIhkaf.a

kdhl;ajh hkafkys wre;" msßñhd .eyeKshg jvd Wiia h hkak fkdfõ' kdhl;ajh

hkq j.lSuls' mjq,a uÜgfï kdhl;ajh jvd;a WÑ; jkqfha msßñhdf.a m%Odk;ajhhs'

ish jia;=fjka úhyshoï lrk neúka o" mqreIhdf.ka ia;%Ska flfrys mßmd,lfhda fj;s'

^4(34& kdhl;ajh Wfoid msysgd ;sfnk iqúfYaI .=Kdx. fya;=fjka ia;%Skag jvd mqreIhka

Wiia hehs i|yka flf¾' orejdg id;a;= lsÍu .ek ie,lSfï oS tys,d mqreIhdg jvd

ia;%sh Wiia fõ'

² w,a,dya msßñkag" Tjqkaf.a ld¾hh bgq lsÍfï iqÿiqlï yd .=Kdx.hka msßkud" tys,d

.eyeKqkag jvd msßñka Wiia fldg ;sfí' .eyeKqkayg Tjqkaf.a ld¾hh bgq lsÍug

bjy,ajk iqúfYaI .=Kdx. msßkud tys,d Tjqka msßñkag jvd Wiia fldg ;sfí'

² mqreI kdhl;aj j.lSu hkqfjka fuys,d mjq,a mßmd,khg m%uqL;dj i,iajhs' ia;%shl

bia,dóh yrhka /lf.k" iudc Ôú;fha mdi,aj," úYaj úoHd,j, yd wdh;kj,

m%Odk;ajh oeÍu bia,dï lsisúfgl m%;slafIam fldg ke;' weh" kvqldßhl" weu;skshl

yd ksÍlaIsldjl jYfhka lghq;= l< yels njg bia,dóh idlaIs olakg ;sfí' tkuq;a"

weh iEu ;;a;ajhloS u wehg kshñ; IÍw;a iSudjka /l.ksñka" ish mjq, fjkqfjka

bgql< hq;= hq;=lï fldgi ksis f,i bgq lrkq msKsi" ;k;=re yd fiajdjka ndOlhla

fkdjk mßosfoka m%fõYï úh hq;= fõ'

;,dla ôslalido& lsÍfuys iudkd;au;dj fkdue;sùu

² ;,dla lsÍu iïnkaOfhka bia,dï mqreI mlaIhg m%uqL;dj i,id we;' mjqf,a m%Odkshd

Tyq h' mjq,a Ôú;fha h:d¾:jdoS wruqKq bgq lr .; fkdfyk l," fkdje,elaúh yels

lreKla jYfhks" bia,duh ;,dlh wkqu; lrkqfha' msßñfhla uy¾ oS wdjdy fjhs'

mjq,a wdh;kh yiqrejhs' tjekafkl=" ;ud f.dvke.+ wdh;kh iqKq úiqKq lsÍug bosßm;a

fõ o @ Tyq ks.ukj,g t<efUkqfha .eUqßka is;d ne,Sfuka miqj h' tfy;a ldka;dj"

ye`.Sïj,g jy,a ù" is;du;d fkdn,d blauka ks.ukj,g t<efUkakshls' fï ksid

fndfyda úg jeros ;SrKj,g t<eöfï wjia:d tug h'

² ;,dla úIhfhysmqreIhdg jeä n,;, oSug fuh fya;=jla jkakg mq`Mjk' ta w;ru"

oslalido úIhfhys újdy nkaOkfhka ñoS fjkaùfï ksoyi bia,dï ia;%Skag o oSug miqng

ù ke;'

² tu ksid ;,dla whs;sh imqrd ia;%shg muKla fkdoS ;snqKd kï muKla th mlaImd;S;ajhla"

fjkialulehs lsj yels h' tfy;a tfia fkdj" wehg tys,d whs;sjdislï ,nd oS" bia,dï

wehg .re fldg we;'

² bia,dï iEu w;ska u ldka;djkag kïnqldr f,i i,lñka whs;sjdislï ,nd oS" iudch

;=< Tjqka .re;ajhg m;afldg we;s njh" i;Hh jkafka' tfy;a bia,dï .ek B¾IHd

lrk we;euqka" wkaOhka ú,iska ler ;sfnk úfõpk fld;rï m%pdrKhla ;snqK o" ta

i|yd jk ms<s;=r fuu osjHuh wd.fuys we;s nj ienEjls'

152


mshjr 1 ( nyq Nd¾hd újdyh" ldka;djkaf.a ;;a;ajh .ek isiqka iu`. idlÉPd fldg nqoaê

l,ïnkhla we;s lrkak'

mshjr 2 ( isiqka lKavdhï y;rlg fnod" my; i|yka ud;Dldj,ska tlsfkl tla tla

lKavdhulg foñka ta iïnkaOfhka we;s jQ úfõpk iy tajdg ms<s;=re o fidhkakg

u`. fmkajkak'

lKavdhu 1 - nyq Nd¾hd újdyh

lKavdhu 2 - ldka;djkaf.a ;;a;ajh

lKavdhu 3 - wmrdO iy o~qjï

lKavdhu 4 - ðydoa

mshjr 3 ( tla tla lKavdhï úiska /ialrk ,o lreKq Tjqfkdjqka idlÉPd fldg yqjudre

lr .ekSug wjia:dj i,ikak'

mshjr 4 ( tla tla lKavdhï ;uka /ial< lreKq jpk 750 - 1000 lg iSud jQ jd¾;djla

jYfhka ilia lr" iïuka;%Khla iQodkï fldg tys oS bosßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj

i,id fokak'

wdY%s; .%ka:

) wíÿ,a wka;s yuQod" bia,dï Wx.,a md¾jhsl= ^1985&" I.I.F.S.O." l=jhsÜ'

) wíÿ,a ndß tï' tia' " ðydoska h:d¾: ld,h" bia,dóh iska;khs" ^28(1"2"3& k,Sñhahd

m%ldYk wdh;kh" fírej,

) uidys¾ tia' tï' tï'" bia,dóh lkafkdaÜg;a;s,a fmdreï iudodkjqï" bia,dóh iska;khs

^15(4& k,Sñhahd m%ldYk wdh;kh" fírej,'

) l¾<dú hQiq*a"^1985& *hsi,a ujq,ú" o#jd mkshs,a fmka.,a " odre,a w¾lï m%ldYkh'

) uqyïuoa l=;=í ^1978&" fthuqï f;,sjqï " fld<U 9" bia,dóh mí,sflaIka fikag¾'

) idhsla ^1973&" bia,dï ´¾ wßuqyï " fld<Ub,xlhs bia,dñh fhdaokd l,yï ,sñgâ"

) wlarï uqyïuoa ^2003&" kvhsuqrhslaflaÜr bia,dï" miahd, uqi,audka m%ldYkh'

) l¾,dú hQiq*a 61997&" ld,h uqia,sï ldka;dj" fírej, w,al,ï uqøKd,h

) ffcw,a wdíoSka ^1993&" bia,dï l=ÜrÉpdÜreï m;s,al¨ï" fpkakhs bia,dóh wOHdmk

m%ldYk wdh;kh'

) *d;sud cyQ*d ^2000&" bia,d;a;s,a fmkakqßuhs" fpkakhs uqkScd m%ldYkh

) ukaiQ¾ tia' tï' ̂ 1999&" Wx.,a b;hka;=vka bia,dï fmiq.s¾;=" udoïm fkdf,aÊ m%ldYkh

153

ksmqK;dj 10'0 ( iodpdrh ms<sn| bia,dóh oDIaáh jgydf.k tys jeo.;alu yd th

ixj¾Okh lrk wdldrh oek ms<smoshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'1 ( iodpdrh ms<sn| bia,dóh oDIaáh jgydf.k l%shd;aul lrhs


bf.kqï M, ( ² bia,dï iodpdrhg olajk jeo.;alu oek ;ud ;=< iodpdrh we;s

lr .kakd .;smej;=u;a wdo¾Yh;a we;s lr .kS'

² iodpdrh ms<smeo ;uka fj; wOHd;aóh l%shdldrlï j¾Okh lr

.kS'


iodpdrh ms<sn| bia,dóh oDIaáh

² bia,dóh IÍw;a uQ,dY%j, yq¨la yika" wya,dla yika hk mo hym;a .;s.=K" iodpdr"

idrO¾u" hym;a yeisÍï hkdosh oelaùu i|yd Ndú; lr we;' fïjd oelaùug uldßuq,a

wya,dla hk moh;a" yoSifha Ndú; lr we;' wdoí" wodí hk mo fmdÿfõ l%shdjkaj,

wkqms<sfj< úia;r lrhs'

² w,a,dya iy Tyqf.a riQ,ajrhd uqia,sõureka fj; olakg ;sìh hq;= .=Kdx. yd fkd;sìh

hq;= .=Kdx. olajd we;' ñksidf.a ufkda bÉPdj yd iudc mßirh mjik ish¨ foaj,a

bia,dóh iodpdrhka f,i ie,lsh fkdyel'

² iodpdr;ajfhka Ôj;a ùu fuf,dfjys oS muKla fkdj mrf,dfõoS o" m%fhdackj;a jk

fohls' lshdu;a oskfha uqia,sï flfkl=f.a ;rdosfha hym;a .;s.=Kg jvd jeä n/;s

fjk lsisu fohla ;sfnkafka ke;' ^;s¾ños" bíkq udcd&

² wfkla i;al%shd fuka u hy.=K yd iïnkaO l%shdldrlï w,a,dya fj; ms<s.kq ,eîug

bya,dia hk msú;=re fÉ;kdj wjYH fõ'

² bia,dï uQ,sldjfndaOfhka wldhsoa" bndo;a" uqwdu,d;a" uqkdlwd;a" ðkdhd;a hkdoS m%Odk

fldgiaj,g fjkalr wOHhkh lrkjd fia" wya,dlshdka iodpdrh o tys wvx.=h' th

tla ;ks fldgila f,i ie,flkjd fia wfkla ish¨ fldgia iu`. o th ñY% ù ;sîu

oelsh yels h'

² bia,dï hy.=Khka Wiia bndo;hla f,i i,lhs' l=i,a hkaku hy .;s.=Khka h'

ûqia,sï&

Ôú;fha oS iodpdrfha jeo.;alu'

² iodpdrh hkq kìjrekaf.a hy .e;a;kaf.a úfYaIfhka uqyïuoa ̂ i,a& ;=udf.a ,laIKhka

h' th ms<sf.k l%shd;aul lsÍu kì î,a& ;=ud uq`Mukska u ms<smeoSu fõ'

kìjrhdfKks" ksh; jYfhka u Tn Wiia .;s.=K we;af;l=j isákafka h' ^68(4&

154

² uqia,sïjrekaf.ka fY%aIag jkafka hy .;s.=K we;a;d h hkqfjka yoSia wjOdrKh lr

okajd isà'

Tn,df.ka fY%aIag jkafka Tn,d w;=frka fY%aIag hy .;s.=K we;a;d h' ^nqydß&

² uQ,sl keuÿï ms<sfj;a wksjd¾h lrk ,o m%Odk wruqKqj,ska tlla jkafka hy .;s.=K

we;s lsÍuhs'

² i,d;h ÿ¾.=Khka ke;s lr" hy .;s.=Khka j¾Okh l< hq;=h'

i,d;h msysgqjkak' ksh; jYfhka u i,d;h kskaos; iy ms<sl=,a iy.; foaj,aj,ska

wdrlaId lrhs' ^29(45&

iodpdr .=Kdx.hkaf.ka f;dr i,d;a lrkakdg ksrh ;sfnk nj iQr;=,a udW!ka úia;r

lrhs'

² ild;a udkislj" fN!;slj" iudchShj iodpdr j¾Okh wruqKq lr.;a bndo;hls'

² Tjqkaf.a Okfhka Tn ild;h f.k" Tjqkaj mú;% lr' mdßY=oaO lrkak' ^9 ( 103&

² iold ôkaoSu& hk úIh kì î,a& ;=ud hym;a .;s.=Kj,g;a fhdod f.k we;'

) Tfí ifydaorhdf.a uqyqK n,d iskdiSu Tng ioldjls' ^nqydß&

) w;rux ù wirK j isák flfkl=g u. fmkaùu Tng odkhls' ^nqydß&

) ud¾.fhka ydks lrk foaj,a" lgq" weglgq" hkdosh bj;a lsÍu;a Tng odkhls' ̂ nqydß&

hkdosh'

² iõuh wdOHd;añl yelshdj yd hym;a .;s.=K ìys lrhs'

úYajdijka;hsks" Tn,dg fmr isá whg wksjd¾h l<dla fuka Tng;a iõï /lSu wksjd¾h

lr we;' tu.ska Tn,d mßY=oaOjka;hska úh yel' ^2( 183&

² fndre foãu;a" ta wkqj l%shdlsÍu;a ljqre w;afkdyßkafka o Tyq ;u wdydr yd mdkhkaf.ka

je<lSfuka w,a,dyag lsisÿ wjYH;djhla fkdue;' ^nqydß&

² yÊ hy.=Khka j¾Okh lrk l%shdldÍ ia:dkhls'

yÊys oS ixi¾.h" mreI jpk Ndú;h" iKavq irej,a we;s lr .ekSu fkdl< hq;=h' ^2

( 197&

² iodpdr .=Khka Budkh yd ne÷Kq wx.hls' iodpdrfha ÿ¾j,j isàu Budkfha ÿ¾j,;djh

wjOdrKh lrhs'

úYajdijka;hsks" Tn w,a,dyag ìhjkak' i;H l;d lrkakka iu`. tlaj isákak' ̂ 9(119&

² ljqre w,a,dya yd lshdu;a oskh Budka lr ;sfnkafka o Tyq hym;a foaj,au l;d lr;ajd'

ke;akï ksy~j isá;ajd ^nqydß&

² hym;a iodpdrfha jeäùu Budkh j¾Okh lrhs'

ksh; jYfhka u uq#ñkajre w;=frka mßmQ¾K Budkh we;a;d b;d hym;a iodpdrh

we;a;dh' ^;s¾ños&

155

² whym;a .=Kdx. Budkhg n,mEï t,a, lrhs'

w,a,dya u; osjqrd mjiñ' Tyq Budka l< flfkl= fkdfõ' hkqfjka ;=ka j;djla kì

î,a& ;=ud mejiQ úg Tyq ljqreo riq¨,a,dya hkqfjka wikq ,eìKs' thg t;=ud ldf.a

ydksfhka Tyqf.a wi,ajeishd rlskq fkd,enqfõ o" Tyqh ta hkqfjka mejiQy' ^nqydß&

² uqkd*slaf.a ^jxpkslhd f.a& ,laIK;a" whym;a iodpdrhka h'

,laIK ;=kla ljqreka fj; olakg ;sfnkafka o Tyq uqkd*sla h' Tyq iõï /l" i,d;h

lr" yÊ bgqlr" Wïrd bgqlr" ;udj uqia,sï flfkl= f,i mjid .;a;;a" th tf,iuh'

Tyq l;d lf<d;a fndre lshhs' fmdfrdkaÿ jQ úg thg mgyeksj l%shd lrhs' úYajdi l<

úg fødays fjhs' ûqia,sï&

² hym;a .=Kdx. u.ska uqyïuoa î,a& ;=udf.a wdorh ,eîug;a' mrf,dfõ oS t;=ud iu`.

iómj isàug;a u. mdohs'

ug b;du;a leu;s" mrf,dfõ oS ug b;du iómj isákakd .ek uu Tn,dg oekqï fokak

o @ hkqfjka ̂ fojrla fyda f;jrla& kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud weiQy' thg iydndjre Tõ w,a,dyaf.a

¥;hdfKks" hehs mejiQy' thg t;=ud Tn,df.ka b;d Wiia .;s.=K we;a;d hehs mejiQy'

^wyauoa&

wdOHd;añl j¾Okh yd iodpdrh

² ñksid lh" {dkh" wd;auh hk m%Odk wx. ;=fkka iukaú; flfkls' fï ;sku tlúg

fmdaIKh lrk úghs ksis bia,dóh Ôú;h we;sjkafka'

² wOHd;añl Ôú;h yd iodpdrh w;r b;d ióm iïnkaO;djhla mj;S' udkisl iodpdrh

hkqfjka tla ;ks wx.hlau ;sfí' ta wkqj tajd fldgia follg fnfoa'

1' wOHd;auh mú;% lrk" mq`M,a lrk iodpdrhka

;lajd" bya,dia ̂ Ñ;a; mdßY=oaO;dj&" l=Iq# ̂ ìh ne;sh&" l=Æ# ̂ hgy;a nj&" jr# ̂ mßiaiu&"

hym;a is;=ï" ;ekam;a nj" wdorh" lreKdj" iudj oSfï .=Kh" bjiSu hkdosh

wdOHd;añl iodpdrhka h

) foaj ìh ne;sh ^;lajd&

w,a,dya mekjQ foaj,a ms<sf.k" Tyq je<elajQ foaj,aj,ska je<lS l%shd lsÍu u.ska

fjf,dfõ oS yd mrf,dfõ oS w,a,dyaf.a fõokdfjka wm wdrlaId lr .ekSu ;lajd

f,i y÷kajkafkuq'

) w,al=¾wdkh yd w,ayoSia fkdfhla ;ekaj, foaj ìh ne;sh .ek n,lr isà'

úYajdijka;hsks" w,a,dyaj i;H wdldrfhka u ìhjkak' Tn uqia,sïjre f,i

yer fkduefrkak' ^3 ( 102&

wêl jYfhka iaj¾Ohg msúiSug i,iajkafka l=ula oehs kì ̂ i,a& ;=udf.ka úuik

,oS' thg t;=ud foaj ìh yd hym;a .=Kdx. hehs ms<s;=re ÿkay' ^;s¾ños&

156

fndfyda hy .=Kdx.hkaf.a uqÿka uq,la f,i ;lajdj w,al=¾wdka y÷kajd fohs'

Tn idOdrKj l%shd lrkak' th foaj ìhg b;d ióm h' ^5(80&

Tn iudj oSu ;lajdjg b;d ióm h ^2 (237&

;lajd u.ska we;sjk M,

i' w,a,dyaf.a wdorhg ,la jQjka njg m;aùu'

—oek.kak' ksh; jYfhka u w,a,dyaf.a wdorhg md;% jQjkag lsisÿ ìhla fkdue;'

Tjqka ÿlajkafka o ke;' Tjqka flfia who h;a Budka lr" foaj ìh we;a;jqka

f,i;a isá;s'˜ ^10( 62" 63&

ii' mrf,dfõ oS ,efnk wêl wdksixi yd iqfLdamfNda.S;ajh

foaj ìfhka l%shd lrkakkag Tjqkaf.a rlaIs;hd fj; iaj¾.hka we;' tajdg háka

.x.djla .,ñka mj;S' ^3( 15&

iii' w,a,dyaf.a jrm%idoh ^ryau;h& ,nd .ekSu'

udf.a jrm%ido ish¨ jia;+ka ;=<u wvx.= ù ;sfí' tneúka thg ûg& ìh ù"

ild;hka fokafkda o" Tjqkag;a ' ' ' ^7 ( 156&

iv' .eg¨j,g úi÷ï yd lrorj,ska iekiSu

ljqre w,a,dyag ìfhka l%shd lrkafka o" Tyqg msgjk u. Tyq we;s lrhs' ;jo Tyq

fkdis;k whqßka Tyqg Ôjk myiqlï i,id fohs' ^65(2-3&

v' Woõ yd n,h

ksh; jYfhka u fuu fmdf<dj w,a,dyag wh;a h' th Tyqf.a .e;a;kaf.ka ;ud

leu;s whg Wreu lr fohs' ^hym;a& wjidkh ;lajd we;a;kag h' ^7( 128&

vi' idudkHfhka ;lajd we;a;kaf.a mqoa.,sl" mjq,a" iudcuh Ôú; ksis whqßka yd

iekiSfuka msÍ mj;S'

2' i;H l;d lsÍu îsoala&

) i;H l;d lrkakdla fuka iudcfha iaÓrNdjh;a" ia:djrNdjh;a we;s lrk fjk;a

lsisu .=Kdx.hla ke;' tu ksid ;ud fuu i;H l;d lsÍu hy .=Kh iudchka

f.dvkxjk uQ,sl hy.=Khka f,i i,lkq ,nkafka'

) w,al=¾wdkh yd w,a yoSia úúO ;ekaj, i;H l;d lsÍu ms<sn|j mjid isák w;r"

fndre foiSu;a j<lajd we;'

úYajdijka;hsks" w,a,dyag ìhjkak' hym;a î;H& l;du l;d lrkak' ^33(70&

) Tn i;Hh ms<smoskak' ksh; jYfhka u i;Hh hym; lrd /f.k hhs' hym;

iaj¾.h lrd /f.k hhs' ñksfila wLKavj i;Hh l;d lr" th Tyq rlaId lr

157

isáhfyd;a w,a,dya fj; Tyq i;Hjka;fhla f,i ,shkq ,nhs' uu Tn,dg fndrej

.ek wjjdo lrkafkñ' ksh; jYfhka u fndrej mj flfrys /f.k hhs' mdmh

ksrh flfrys /f.k hhs' ñksid wLKavj fndre fkdfodvd tysu /|S isáhd kï

w,a,dya fj; Tyq fndreldrfhla f,i ,shkq ,nhs' ûqia,sï&

) wudk;h wdrlaId lsÍu" fmdfrdkaÿ bgq lsÍu" i;Hhg l%shd rEmhla ,ndfok tajd

h' i;Hh;a wdrlaIlhka" ck;dj úiska m%sh lrkq ,n;s' jia;+kaj,g Ndrlrejka

f,i l%shd lr;s' Tjqkf.a idlaISka ms<s.kq ,efí' Tjqkaf. woyiaj,g .re lrkq

,efí' mrf,dfõ oS Tjqkag hym;a m%fhdack ;sfí' óg úreoaOj fndreldrhka j

ck;dj m%sh lrkafka ke;' Tjqkaj úYajdi lrkafka o ke;' Tjqkaf.a idlaISka

ms<s.efkkafka o ke;' mrf,dfõ oS o~qjï yd fõokdjka Tjqkag ;sfí'

2' bjiSu îí¾&

) bjiSu b;d fY%aIag .=Khls' w,al=¾wdka wdikak jYfhka ia:dk 70 l fï ms<sn| j

mjid we;'

bjis,sjka;hka ;ukaf.a l=,sh fkdwvqj iïmQ¾Kfhka ,nd.ks;s' ^39( 10&

Tjqka bjiSfuka isàfï fya;=fjka iaj¾.h yd ^we|Sug& fiao we÷ï Tyq hym;a

l=,sh f,i ,nd fohs' ^86(12" 32 ( 23' 3( 186" 2(249" 16(126" 2(155-157&

bjiSu ms<sfj,la lr.kakdg w,a,dya bjiSu ,nd fohs' ;jo bjiSu ,o whg jvd

fY%aIag iïudkhla ,o fjk ljqreka fyda ke;' ^nqydß&

) bjiSu úúOdldrfhka mj;S'

^w& hgy;a ùfuka fmkakqï lrk bjiSu

fuh wK lr ;sfnk i,d;h jeks uQ,sl j.lSï bgq lsÍfï oS fmkakqï lrkd

bjiSuhs' tajd ñksid Ôú; ld,h mqrd wLKavj bIag lsÍug bjiSu wjYH

fõ'

^wd& mjqj,ska wdrlaId lr.kakd bjiSu' mjq fkdlr ;udj wdrlaId lr .ekSu;a"

mjqj,ska fíÍ isàu;a" bjiSu fõ' mjq yd wmrdO w,xldrj;a h' tajd myiqfjka

ñksid w.dOhlg weo ouhs'

^b& ÿla yd lror mSvd we;s lrk úg we;sjk bjiSu' m%dKh" jia;+ka" mjq,"

;;a;ajh hkdosfhys we;sjk ydksj,oS uqia,sï bjiSfuka l%shd lrhs' fuu

;;a;ajh uq#ñkajrfhl=g úYd, hym;la u i,ihs' hï m%udKhl ìhlska yd

l=i.skafkka jia;+ka" Ôú; j.djka hkdosfhys ydksj,ska wms Tn mÍlaId

lrkafkuq' tkuq;a ̂ kìjrhdfKks& fuu mÍlaIKj,ska we;sjk ÿl ord.kakd

whg Tn Y=NdrxÑ mjikak' ^2 (155&

158

3' wudk;h ^wudk;a&

) wudk;h /lSu uqia,sïjrfhl=f.a Ôú;fha ;sìh hq;= tla m%Odk .=Kdx.hls'

wudk;a hk moh b;d mq`M,a w¾:hlska bia,dóh IÍw;h Wmfhda.S lrhs'

Tn,df.ka tla tlaflkd tla Ndrlre h' Tn,d hgf;a isá wh ms<sn|j Tn tla

tlaflkdf.ka m%Yak lrkq ,nhs' budï ̂ kdhlhd& Ndrlrefjls' Tyq "Tyq hgf;a

isáhjqka ms<sn| j úuikq ,nhs' tla tla ñiskd Tyqf.a ksjfia jdih lrkakkaf.a

Ndrlre h' Tyq Tjqka ms<sn| j úuikq ,nhs' ìß|la ;u ieñhdf.a ksjfia

Ndrldßhhs' weh ta ms<sn| j úuikq ,nhs' /lshdjla lrkakd ;u iajdñhdf.a

jia;+kaj, Ndrlre h' Tyq Tyqf.a NdrldÍ;ajh ms<sn| j m%Yak lrkq ,nhs'

^nqydß&

wudk;h /lSu fkdfhla wdldrfhka isÿúh yel'

^w& ;ud fj; Ndr lrk ,o jia;+ka" Okh j.lSfuka hq;=j wdrlaId lsÍu

kì î,a& ;=ud ysÊr;a hdug fmr ;ud fj; Ndrlrk ,o NdKav kej; NdroSu

i|yd jk ms<shï lsÍfuka wk;=rej t;=ud ysÊr;a .shy'

;udj úYajdi lr Ndrÿka jia;+ka wdrlaId fkdlrk flkd Budkh ke;af;ls'

;ud ÿka fmdfrdkaÿj wdrlaId fkdlrkakd bia,duh m%;slafIam l< flfkla

jkafka h' ^yoSia&

^wd& ;udg Ndrlrk ,o ;k;=r yd j.lSu ksis f,i bgq lsÍu'

;k;=re j.lSu b;d iqÿiq flfkl= fj; Ndr l< hq;=h' wnqo¾ ^r<s& ;=ud

;udj l=uk fyda m%foaYhlg wdKavqldrjrhd f,i m;alrk f,ig kì î,a&

;=udf.ka b,aÆ úg wnqo¾" Tn ÿ¾j, flfkls' wjika oskfha .re;ajh ke;slr

.kakd ;;a;ajhg yd ,eÊcd iy.; ;;a;ajhg fuh /f.k hhs' tkuq;a fuu

j.lSu tys ish¨ nr iu.ska ms<sf.k" ms<s.;a foaj,a ksu lrkakka fírkq ,n;s'

hkqfjka kì î,a& ;=ud mejiQy' ûqia,sï&

j.lSï kqiqÿiq wh fj; Ndrfok ld,hla we;s jQ úg wjidk oskh n,dfmdfrd;a;=

jkak' ^nqydß&

^b& Okh yd olaI;djh ksis whqßka fhdod .ekSu

ñksidf.a NdrldÍ;ajh yd wdrlaIdj hgf;a Ndrlrk ,o wudk;a jia;+ka f,i

Okh yd olaI;djh olakg ;sfí' w,a,dya ñksidg tajd ,nd oS we;' tajdfha

Ndú;h ms<sn| j w,a,dya mrf,dfjys oS úuihs' tajd w,a,dyaf.a ;Dma;sh wfmalaId

lr uqia,sïjrfhla fhdod .kshs'

^B& ryia wdrlaId lsÍu

wkHhkaf.a ryia o" wmfj; Ndrlrk ,o tla wudk;hls' tajd fy<s fkdlr

wdrlaId l< hq;= hehs wfmka b,a,d isáfha kï" th wm fj; Ndrlrk ,o

wudk;a fohls' ^yoSia&

159

ieñhd - ìß|f.a fm!oa.,sl Ôú;fha mdßY=oaO;ajh /lSfï wruqfKka ,sx.sl

iïnkO;djfha ryia msg whg fkdlshd wdrlaId lsÍu;a" wudk;hla f,i ie,fla'

wjika ;Skaÿ fok oskfha b;du;a úYd, iQrdf.k lkakd f,i foúhka bosßfha

isákafka ljqrekaoehs Tn okakjd o @ hehs weiQ kì î,a& ;=ud my; i|yka

whqßka ms<s;=rla lSy' flfkla ;u ìß|g wêl jYfhka wdorh lrhs' ta

whqßkau ìßh;a Tyqg wdorh lrhs' kuq;a Tyq ;u ìß| ms<sn| ryia wka whg

lshhs' ûqia,sï&

by; i|yka lrk ,o .=Kdx.hka uqia,sïjrfhla fj; olakg ;sìh hq;= jeo.;a

.=Kdx.hka h' fujka ;j;a fndfyda .=Kdx.hka uqia,sïjrfhl=f.a Ôú;fha fyd|ska

ñY% ù l%shd l< hq;= hehs w,al=¾wdkh yd yoSia b,a,d isà' fuu .=Kdx. l%shdfõ

kexfjk úg uqia,sï iudcfha Ôj;ajk ;ks mqoa.,hd" mjq,a" fmdÿ ck;dj ksisu`.;a"

bjiSu;a" ms<sfj;;a ,nd .ks;s'

wdOHd;auhg yd lrk whym;a iodpdrhka" wdrïnrlï" B¾IHdj" .¾jh" whym;a

Ñka;k" ks*dla" ßhd#" ufkda bÉPdjg hg;a ùu" yosish" fldamh" flaka;sh"

wd;aud¾;ldó;ajh" jekak uq#ñkajrfhla j<ld .;hq;= whym;a .=Kdx.hka h'

) or lene,s .skafkka oeù hkakd fia hym;a foaj,a B¾IHdj u.ska oeù hhs' ^wnQ

odjqoa&

) wd.ï ,oaojqka kì î,a& ;=udg úreoaO ùug fya;=j B¾IHdjhs' ^2(119&

) .e;a;kaf.a isf;a Budkh yd B¾IHdj tlajkafka ke;' ^yoSia&

) ,eÊcdj yd Budkh tlsfkl fjkal< fkdyelalls' ^yoSia&

) úkdY lrk foaj,a ;=kls' hgy;a jk uiqrelu" ms<smosk ufkda bÉPdj" flfkl=

iaj wdvïnrlu' ^;nrdks&

) kì î,a& ;=ud iu`. wúkS;j l%shd lsÍu hym; úkdY lr ouhs' ^49(2&

) ys; fkdfyd| oñka isàu l=i,a úkdY lrhs' ̂ i÷od" n%yiam;skaod oskj, w,a,dyaf.a

;Skaÿjls fuh&

uyd mdmhka

WodyrK iuyrla (

Is¾la" idOdrK fya;=jlska f;drj isÿlrk ñkSuereï" yQkshï" fmd<sh" leu"

wkd:hkaf.a jia;+ka iQrdlEu" uq#ñkajk" wysxil m;sj; rlsk ldka;djkag wj,do

ke.Su" hqO msáfha oS msgqmd osjhEu" foudmshkag joysxid lsÍu" kEhkaf.a iïnkaO;djh

ke;slr .ekSu" fndre idlaIs lSu" i,d;h ild;h jeks foaj,a w;ayeÍu" u;ameka"

ÿrdpdrh" iu,sx.sl fiajkh" w,a,ia" ishosú ydks lr .ekSï hkdosh ' ' ' ûq,a y;

uqìld;a f,i ye|skafõ'&

160

fndre lSu

^w& jeros is;=ú,s w;ayßkak' ulaksid o h;a jeros is;=ú,s b;d úYd, fndrelug u.

mdohs' ^nqydß&

i;Hh ;Dma;sh f.k fohs' fndrej ielhg;a" mjq lrùug;a u. mdohs' ̂ ;s¾ños&

w,a,dyaf.a ¥;hdKka fndrej ms<sl=,a l<d fia fjk lsisjla ms<sl=,a lf<a ke;'

ñksfila fndre lSfõh hk mqj; t;=udg ,enqfKd;a tu ñksid jro f;areï f.k

mjq iudj wheosfhah hj mqj; ,efnk ;=re tu ñksidf.a .re;ajh yd

f.!rjkSh;ajh iq<f`.a ùislr ou;s kì î,a& ;=udKka' ^wyauoa&

uq#ñkajrfhl= fj; ish¨ wl=i,a ;sìh yelsh' tfy;a fndrej fkd;sìh hq;= h'

^wd& uqia,sïjrfhl= i;Hh" wjxlnjg jeä jeo.;a lula oelaúh hq;=h' fndrej

je,elaúh hq;=h' kì ̂ i,a& ;=ud yd iydndjreg fndrej fnfyúka ms<sl=,a l<y'

u#ñkajrfhl= fj; fkd;sìh hq;a;ls fndrej' orejka yodjvd .ekSfuys yd

.kqfokqj, oS i;Hj;a nj ms<smeosh hq;=h' fndre lSfï mqreoao ''''''''''' we;s

lrhs' Budkh fn,ySk lrhs'

wdvïnrlu

^w& wdvïnrlu" .re;ajh hkdosh udf.a jia;+ka h' fïjdhska tlla fyda flfkla

uf.ka ,nd .;af;a o Tyq ksrhg heùug i,iajkafkñ' ûqia,sï&

^wd& ñksid ;udg ,efnk Okfhka" ;k;=rej,ska" wOHdmkfhka" ;k;=rej,ska ,efnk

;;a;ajfhka" mdrïmßl foaj,aj,ska" ;u l%shdjka u.ska" ,nd we;s YÍr w,xldrfhka

wdvïnr jkafka h' fïjd ish,a, udhdjka h' mÍlaIdj l=ula oehs ñksiaiq jgyd

fkd.kS'

^b& tuksid ñksid fuys ÿmamf;la - fmdfydif;la" n,jf;la - ÿ¾j,fhla" frda.sfhla-

wdfrda.Huf;la" nqoaêuf;la- fudavfhla" md,kh lrkakl=-hgy;a jkakl= f,i

isàu foúhkaf.ka ,efnk foaj,a h' tu ksid Tyq ;u Wiia ;;a;ajh i|yd

wdvïnr ùu fyda wka wh foi n,d úys`M ;y`M lsÍu fyda fkdl< hq;= h'

^B& ldf.a isf;a w,am ud;%hl ;rï fyda wdvïnrlu we;af;a o Tyq iaj¾.hg hkafka

ke;' ^yoSia&

^W& wyiaj, foúhd;a" fmdf<dfõ foúhd;a" ish¨ f,dalj, foúhd;a jk w,a,dyagu

ish¨ m%Yxid ysñ fõ' wyiaj, yd fmdf<dfõ ;sfnk îsh¨& wdvïnrlï Tyqgu

wh;a h' Tyqghs îsh,a,ka& wNsfhda. yd {dkh we;a;d jkafka h' ^45(36-37&

^W!&wdvïnrlu yd m%Yxidj foúhdg muKla wh;a foaj,a h' tajd iß,kafka Tyqf.a

.=Kdx.j,ghs' w,a,dyag wh;a fuu .=Kdx. ñksid ,nd .ekSug ;e;a lsÍu

jeros l%shdjls'

^t& foúhka bosßfha ñksid ;udj fld;rï hgy;aNdjh we;af;l= f,i lr.;af;a o

ta m%udKhg ñksiqka w;f¾ Tyq Wiialu yd .re;ajh ,nhs'

^ta& wdvïnrlu ñksidj my;a l< hq;= ke;' hgy;a Ndjh Wiialu yd ch.%yKh

,ndosh yelalla h'

161

fla,dï lSu

´md¥m l;d lsÍu .ek i|yka lrk ;efkysu l=¾wdka fla,dï lSu .ek;a i|yka

lr we;' ñksfila meiQ fohla ;j;a flfkl=g tf,iu lSu fyda fjkia lr lSu'

tu.ska y;=relï" fl%daOlï j¾Okh ù iqyolug ydks lsÍug ;e;a lsÍu fla,dï

lSu fõ'

^kìjrhdfKks" iEufohlgu& osjqrk lsisu kSpfhl= Tn fkdms<smoskak' ^Tyq&

ieuúgu ̂ ´m¥m l;d lr& jeros lshd" fla<dï lSuu jD;a;shla lr .ksñka isákakdh'

^68(10-11&

fla<dï lshñka ießirkakd iaj¾.hg we;=`Mjkafka ke;' ^nqydß&

kì î,a& ;=ud lírhla miqlrñka .uka lrk úg fuu lírfha isákakd fla,dï

lSfï fya;=fjka fõokdjg ,la fjñka isákafka h hkqfjka mejiQy' ^nqydß&

´md¥m l;d lsÍu

^ljqreka fyda jeros .ek& Tn ydr ydr úmrï lrñka isákak tmd' Tn,df.ka

lsisfjla ;j;a flfkl= yd ´md¥m l;d fkdlrkak' ^49(1&

´md¥m l;d lsÍu hkq l=ula oehs Tn okafkys o hkqfjka kì î,a& ;=ud

iydndjrekaf.ka úuiQy' thg Tjqka w,a,dya yd Tyqf.a ¥;hdu oks;s hehs ms<s;=re

ÿkay' Tfí ifydaorhd ms<sl=,a lrk fohla ms<sn|j l;d lsÍu ´md¥m hs hkqfjka

kì î,a& ;=ud mejiQy' tfia mjik foh tu ifydaorhd fj; olakg ;snqKla oehs

wikq ,eìKs' Tn Tyq fj; ;sfnk fohla lSfjd;a th ́ md¥mhhs' ke;s fohla l;d

lf<d;a jeros fpdaokd t,a, lf<ah hkqfjka kì î,a& ;=ud ms<s;=re ÿkay' ûqia,sï&

´md¥m l;d lsÍu wkHhkaf.a .re;ajh" ,eÊcdj hkdosh Wÿrd .kshs' ´md¥mfhka

osj wdrlaId lr.; hq;=h' l;d l<fyd;a hym;a foaj,a l;d l< hq;=h' ke;akï

ksy~j isáh hq;=h'

ñksfila wleue;s f,ilg Tyqf.a rEmh" .=Kdx." mrïmrdj .ek l;d lsÍu ́ m¥m

fõ' jrla wdhsId ^r<s& ;=ñh i*shshd ^r<s& ;=ñhg fldg flfkla hehs l;dlsÍu

weiQ kì î,a& ;=ud wdhsId ;=ñh foi n,d Tn oeka mejiQ jpkh uqyqÿ j;=f¾ ñY%

l<fyd;a th mjd ¥IKh ù hehs th mjd krla ù hhs hkqfjka mejiQy' ^wnQ odjqoa&

Tn,df.ka ljqreka fyda ;u ifydaorhdf.a udxY wkqNj lsÍug leue;s fõ o @ th

Tn ms<sl=,a lrkafka h' ^´md¥m l;dlsÍu;a tfiauh& Tn w,a,dyag ìhjkak'

^49(12&

wmjdo ke.Su

ljqre m;sj; rlsk ia;%Skag wmjdo k.d ̂ thg wjYH& idlaISka y;rla f.k fkdwdfõ

kï" Tjqkag Tn limyr wiQjla .ikak' miqj tjekakjqka lshk idlaISka lsisu

ld,hl ms<sfkd.kak' ksh; jYfhka u Tjqka îSudj blaujQ& mjqldrhka h'

162

wmjdo ke.Su uyd Ydmhls' thg limyr 80 la fok f,ig bia,dï mjihs'

wmjdoh Nhdkl jrola ksid u th oeä o~qjï muqKqjd we;' wmjdo ke.+ flkdf.a

idlaIsh Tyq urKhg m;ajk ;=re ms<s.kafka ke;' Tyq *disla ̂ uyd mjql< ke;eka;d&

hehs w,al=¾wdkh mjihs' flfkla ÿrdpdrfha fhfokjd ;j;a flfkla ÿgq úg Tyq

ta ms<sn|j ;j;a wh iu`. l;d lrñka isàu fkdl< hq;=hs' kuq;a y;r fofkla

tlaj oelSug isÿjQ úg Rcqju úksYaphldr ;=ud fj; f.dia ta nj okajd ÿrdpdr

fpdaokdj Tmamq l< yelsh' wmjdoh i|yd jk o~qju fu;rï oreKq ùug fya;=j

wd;au .re;ajhg jvd f,dfõ fjk;a jákd fohla fkdue;s ùu ksid h'

² fmdÿfõ iodpdrd;aulj Ôj;a ùug wdOHd;auh hym;a lrhs' i;Hh l;d lr" wka wh

iu`. wdorfhka weiqre lr" wkqkaf.a hym; wdrlaId lrñka l%shd lrk úg th wdOHd;auh

j¾Okh lsÍug i,iajhs'

² uQ,sl keuÿï j;dj;a wdOHd;añl j¾Okh uq,alr .;a tajd h' bya,dia hk msú;=re

fÉ;kdfjka f;dr lsisu bndo;hla ms<s.efkkafka ke;' tu ksid th m%Odk h'

² fmdÿfõ whym;a .=Kdx. iu`. Ôj;a ùu wdOHd;auhg n,mEï lrhs' fla<dï fodvd"

´md¥m l;d lrñka isákafkl=f.a wdOHd;auh b;d ÿ¾j, tlla fõ'

² by; i|yka woyia kì î,a& ;=ud b;d fláfhka my; i|yka yoSihka i|yka lr

we;'

—ljqre ;u is; mdßY=oaO Budkfhkayd mú;%;ajfhka ;u osj i;H l;d lrkakla jYfhka

o" ;u wdOHd;auh iekiSu ,oaola jYfhka o" ;u .=Kdx. ksis whqßka i,id .;af;a o

ch.%dylhd Tyq h'˜ ^bíkq ysínd;a&


mshjr I ( iodpdrh" w,a wla,dla hk moh .ek isiqka jgydf.k we;s lreKq .ek idlÉPd

lrkak'

mshjr II ( isiqka lKavdhï y;rlg fnokak' my; ud;Dld oS ta ms<sn| f;dr;=re /ialsÍug

i,iajkak'

) iodpdrh ms<sn| bia,dóh oDIaáh

) bia,dï iodpdrd;aul Ôú;hg oS we;s jeo.;alu

) uqia,sï i;=úh hq;= iodpdrd;aul .=K

) wOHd;añl ixj¾Okh i|yd jk bia,dóh u.fmkaùï

mshjr III ( tla tla lKavdhu /ial< lreKq bosßm;a lrñka woyia yqjudre lr .ekSug

wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

mshjr IV( woyia yqjudrefõ idrdxYhla ,shd .ekSug ieufokdu fmd<Ujkak'

163

wdY%s; .%ka:

) uqyïuoa w,a .iaid,s ̂ 2004&" bia,dóh T¨lal udkamqy,a" fpkakhs b,lalshfida,hs fj,shSvq

) wyd¾ uqyïuoa ta' iS' ^1991&" kìj,s I, II fírej, w,al,ï uqøKd,h

) .iaid,s budï ^1986&" ;k;=re ;kaydj" fpkakhs hqksj¾i,a mí,sI¾ia

) wlarï uqyïuoa ^2004&" wd;aóy jd,ajq f*daokhs .¨ï uqrhsuhs y¨ï" miahd, uqi,audka

uqøKd,h

) iqlaß tï' whs' tï' ^1999&" bia,dóh jd,aúh,a fldaÜmdvq.,a" fírej, k,Sñhd bia,dóh

m%ldYk uOHia:dkh

) biaudhs,a tia' tÉ' tï' ^2000&" bia,dóh iodpdrhka" l=reKE., whs'w'iq'uq'

164

ksmqK;dj 10'0 ( iodpdrh ms<sn| bia,dóh oDIaáh jgydf.k tys jeo.;alu yd th

ixj¾Okh lrk wdldrh oek ms<smoshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'2 ( bia,dï mjik iodpdrh ms<sn| Wmfoia yd l%shdud¾. fhdod .ksñka

bia,dóh iodpdrh wkq.ukh lrhs'


bf.kqï M, ( ² iodpdrh j¾Okh lr .ekSug wod< b.ekaùï wjfndaO lrf.k

Ôú;fha tajd ms<smoshs'

² mqoa.,sl Ôú;fha yd mjq,a Ôú;fha ms<smeosh yels iodpdrh oekf.k

tajd wkq.ukh lrk w;r wka whj o th ms<smeoSug fmd<Ujhs'


iodpdrh j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd jk Wmfoia yd l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd jk l%shdud¾.

² bia,dï" tys isoaOdka;" keuÿï ms<sfj;a" kS;s Í;s u.ska iodpdrh j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd

jk Wmfoia ,nd oS we;'

² w,a,dya talfhls yd Tyqf.a kS;sÍ;s Ôú;fha ms<smeosh hq;=hs hk isoaOdka;h oeä wêIaGdkh

is;a tald.%;djh" ms<sfj, hkdoS iodpdrhka we;s lrhs' kìjre yd wd.ï úYajdi lsÍu

u.ska iudc tluq;=nj" wkHhkag .re lsÍfï .=Kh" iduhg m%sh njla hkdosh ìys fõ'

tfiau l<d j,a loa¾ fjk;a fndfyda hy .=Khka ia:dms; lrhs' ñksidf.a wdrïNh

ms<sn| bia,dóh ia:djrh iudkd;au;djh" ifydaor;ajh ksod hkdoshg u.mdohs'

² bia,dï wKlr ;sfnk keuÿï" j;dj;a" iodpdr .=Khka ìyslsÍu;a wruqKq lr.;a

tajdh'

² .kqfokq" mjq,a Ôú;h" wmrdO iïnkaO kS;sÍ;Ska wdosh iodpdrh uq,a lr.;a tajdh'

lsreï ñkqïj, jxpd fkdl< hq;=hs' hkak;a ieugu iudk kS;shla ;sìh hq;=hs hkak;a"

/jàï" fødayslï yd fndrej iïmQ¾Kfhka je<lsh hq;=hs hkak;a .kqfokqj, oS mj;sk

uQ,sl wx.hka h'

² mjq,a Ôú;fha úYajdih" iyfhda.h" tlsfkld fjkqfjka lemlsÍï" wdohr" /ljrKh"

j.lSï fnod .ekSu hkdosh hym;a .=Kdx. we;s lsÍu i|yd foaYkdjka bia,dï i;=h'

² wmrdO kS;sj, uQ,sl mrud¾:hu iodpdrd;aul Ôú;h wdrlaId lsÍuhs' ñkSuereï"

u;ameka" wmjdo" fidrlu hkdosh b;d meyeos<s whym;a .=Kdx.hka h'

² bia,dï mrf,dfõ oS ,efnk wmßñ; wdksixi úia;r lr" iodpdrd;aul Ôú;h osß

.kajhs' mrf,dfõ oS uqia,sïjrfhl= ;rdosfha b;d n/;s foh hym;a .=Kdx. f,i

;udg b;d iómj isàug iqÿiaid hym;a .=Kdx. we;a;d nj;a" kì î,a& ;=ud mjid

;sîu fuhg losu idlaIshls'

165

² kì î,a& ;=ud ñksia Ôú;hg mQ¾j wdo¾Yhls' Ôú;fha iEu fldgilgu t;=ud tla

fY%aIaG u.fmkajkafkls' tuksid iodpdrhg iïnkaO t;=udf.a Ôú;h ms<smeoSu;a fY%aIaG

bndo;hls' iqkak;hls'

² bia,dï n, lrk iodpdr .;smej;=ï l%shd;aul lsÍfï l%shdud¾. o fmkajd oS we;;

² bia,dï wlSodj ksis whqßka yd iaÓrj mj;sk úg iodpdr .=Kdx.hka mQ¾Kj mj;S'

kìî,a& ;=udf.a iydndjreka fj; b;d mQ¾K hy .=Kdx. we;s jQfha Tjqka ms<sf.k isg

Ñka;kfhys ̂ jdofhys& iaÓrj isàu ksid h' tuksid BudkSh ye`.Sï jeä lsÍfuka hym;a

.=Kdx. jeä lr.; yel' l%shd;aul lsÍug th iydh fõ'

² bia,dï wksjd¾h lr we;s keuÿï j;dj;a yqfola u tla pdß;%hla f,i fkdi,ld tys

h:d¾:hka wjfndaO lrf.k" l%shd;aul lrjk úg iodpdr .=Kdx. l%shdjg meñKSu

myiq fõ'

² bia,dï mkjd we;s kS;sÍ;s ta wdldrfhka ms<smeoSu u.skq;a iodpdrd;aul Ôú;h l%shdjg

kexúh yelsh'

² Ôú;fha iEu wjia:djla u foaj ye`.Sfuka ^;lajd& msú;=re fÉ;kdfjka^bla,dia& .;

lrk úg whym;a .=Kdx. we;sùfï ux weysf¾'

² yoSiqka uq*a,sia u.ska bndo;hkaf.a j¾Okhg wkqj hym;a .=Kdx. yd iodpdr .=Kdx.

jeä úh hq;=h hk Tjok ,nd.kakd ksid whym;a iodpdrfhka je,lS hym;a iodpdrhka

l%shdjg kexùug osß .kajkq ,nhs'

² foudmshkaf.a wjOdkh yd ksjfia mßirh" wOHdmksl wdh;k" uiaðoa jeks fmdÿ wdh;k"

.fï kdhl;ajh hkdosh fuu lreKq ms<sn| j Wkkaÿjla yd wjOdkhla oelaùu u.ska

fmdÿ iodpdr Ôú;h l%shdjg kexúh yelsh'

² uqia,sïjre fj; olakg ;sìh hq;= mqoa.,sl" mjq,a" iudc Ôú;h yd iïnkaO iodpdr

.=Kdx.

) mqoa.,sl .=Kdx.

fuh j¾. follg fnosh yel'

1' wdOHd;añl .=Kdx.

;lajd bla,dia" jrW" iqyaoa" l=mQ#" urdlnd" uqydind" ;jlal=,a" ß<d" uyín;=,a,dya

hkdosh fujeks .=Kdx.hka h'

2' fmdÿ .=Kdx.

i;Hh" úYajdijka;lu" ia;=;s lsÍfï .=Kh" msú;=re nj" lreKdj" ,eÊcdj"

bjiSu" wjhj wdrlaId lr .ekSu" fõ,djg l%shd lsÍu" mß;Hd.h hkdosh jeks

.=Kdx. fõ'

166

) mjq,a Ôú;h yd iïnkaO .=Kdx.

wdorh" kuHYS,S ùu" jgyd.ekSu" j.lSï fnod.ekSu" ;ekam;a nj" iyfhda.h" wdo¾Yj

Ôj;aùu hkdosh mjq,a Ôú;h yd iïnkaO iodpdr .=Kdx.hka h'

) iudc Ôú;h yd iïnkaO .=Kdx.

hymk mkjd whym; je<elaùu" wka ñksiqkag yd i;=ka isõmdjqkag lreKdj oelaùu"

wkHhkag .re lsÍu" i,dï lSu" lsúiqï .sh úg thg ms<s;=re oSu" f,vÿla úuiSu"

ckdidj miqmiska hEu" Woõ Wmldr lsÍu" krlla fkdlr isàu" Kh oSu" kEhskaf.a

yd wi,ajeishkaf.a hym; /lSu" kuHYS,S ùu" iudj oSu" okaoSu" wd.ka;=l i;aldrh"

wkHhkag idOdrKh bgq lsÍu" iudkd;au;djh" ifydaor;ajh" kdhl;ajh" uOHia:

ùu" wkHhkaf.a hym; /lSu hkdosh iudc Ôú;fha ms<smeosh hq;= .=Kdx.hka h'

² uq#ñkajrfhl= fj; mqoa.,sl" mjq,a" iudch" wdY%s; .=Kdx. Ôú;fha ms<smoskq ,nk úg

Tyqf.a bia,dóh Ôú;h mßmQ¾K fõ'


mshjr I ( iodpdr ixj¾Okh i|yd jQ foiqï l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd jk l%ufõohka .ek o"

uqia,sïjre w;r olskakg we;s iodpdrd;aul .=K ms<sn|j o isiqka jgydf.k we;s

foaj,a .ek idlÉPd lrkak'

mshjr II ( isiqka lKavdhï y;rlg fnod tla tla lKavdhug my; ud;Dld ,nd fokak'

) iodpdrh oshqKq lr l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd jk bia,dóh foaYkd

) mqoa.,sl uÜgñka o" mjq,a uÜgñka o" iodpdrd;aul .=K ÿn,ùug fya;= yd

tajd ksjeros lsÍfï l%shdud¾.

) iudc Ôú;fha iodpdrh ixj¾Okh lsÍu i|yd ndOdjla jk lreKq y÷kdf.k

tajd bj;a lsÍu i|yd l%u úê

) mdi,a Ôú;fha iodpdrh f.dvke.Su i|yd ie,eiaula ilia lsÍu

mshjr III ( tla tla lKavdhu /ial< woyia bosßm;a lr woyia yqjudrejg wjia:d i,iajkak'

mshjr IV( woyia yqjudre l< lreKq idrdxYhla f,i ,shd .ekSug ieufokd u fhduq lrkak'

wdY%s; .%ka:

) uqyïuoa w,a .iaid,s ̂ 2004&" bia,dóh T¨lal udkamqy,a" fpkakhs" b,lalsh fida,hs m%ldYkh

) wyd¾ uqyïuoa ta'iS' ^1991&" kìj,s I,II" fírej, w,a l,ï m%ldYlfhda"

) .iaid,s budï ^1986&: moú fudayï" fpkakhs hqksj¾i,a uqøKd,h

) wlarï uqyïuoa ^2004&" wdkaóy jd,ajq fmdaokhs .¨ï uqrhsuhs y¨ï" miahd, uqi,audka

uqøKd,h

) Iqlaß tï' ta' tï' ^1999&" bia,dóh jd,aúh,a fldaÜmdvqy,a" fírej, k,Sñhd uqøKd,h

) biaudhs,a tia' tÉ' tï' ^2000&" bia,dóh T¨lalúh,a" l=reKE., whs'w'iq'uq'

167

mdi, mokï lr.;a ;lafiarelrKh

ye|skaùu

bf.kqu - b.ekaùu iy we.hSu wOHdmk l%shdj,sfha jeo.;a ixrpl ;=kla nj;a"

bf.kqfuys iy b.ekaùfuys m%.;sh oek.ekSu msKsi we.hSu fhdod .; hq;= nj;a iEu

.=rejrfhl= úiska u o; hq;= meyeos,s lreKls' tajd wfkHdkH n,mEfuka hq;= j l%shd lrk

nj;a tfia u tlsfkflys ixj¾Okh flfrys tu ixrpl n,mdk nj;a .=rejre oks;s' ika;;sl

^ksrka;rfhka isÿjk& we.hSï uQ,O¾u wkqj we.hSu isÿúh hq;af;a bf.kSu yd b.ekaùu

flfrk w;r;=r oS h' fuh bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh wdrïNfha oS fyda ueo oS fyda w. oS

fyda hk ́ kEu wjia:djl oS isÿúh yels nj f;areï .ekSu .=rejrfhl=g wjYH h' tf,i ;u

isiqkaf.a bf.kqï m%.;sh we.hSug wfmalaId lrk .=rejrfhl= bf.kqu - b.ekaùu iy we.hSu

ms<sn| ixúOdkd;aul ie,eiaula fhdod.; hq;= fjhs'

mdi, mokï lr.;a we.hSï jevms<sfj< yqÿ úNd. l%uhla fyda mÍlaIK meje;aùula

fyda fkdfõ' th y÷kajkq ,nkafka isiqkaf.a bf.kSu;a" .=rejrekaf.a b.ekaùu;a jeä oshqKq

lsÍu i|yd fhdod.kq ,nk ueosy;a ùula jYfhks' fuh isiqkag iómj isáñka Tjqkaf.a

m%n,;d iy ÿn,;d y÷kdf.k tajdg ms<shï fhdoñka isiqkaf.a Wmßu j¾Okh <`.d lr .ekSug

fhdod.; yels jevms<sfj<ls'

bf.kqï - b.ekaúï l%shdldrlï ;=<ska wkdjrK l%shdj,shlg isiqka fhduq flfrk w;r"

.=rejrhd isiqka w;r .ejfiñka Tjqka bgqlrk ld¾hh ksßlaIKh lrñka ud¾f.damfoaYl;ajh

imhñka lghq;= lsÍu mdi,a mokï lr.;a we.hSï jevms<sfj< l%shd;aul lsÍfï oS wfmalaId

flf¾' fuysoS YsIHhd ksr;=rej we.hSug ,laúh hq;= w;r" YsIH yelshd ixj¾Okh wfmalaIs;

wkaoñka isÿjkafka oehs .=rejrhd úiska ;yjqre lrkq ,eìh hq;= fjhs'

bf.kSu iy b.ekaùu u.ska isÿúh hq;af;a isiqkag ksis w;aoelSï ,nd foñka tajd isiqka

úiska ksis mßos w;am;a lr f.k ;sfí oehs ;yjqre lr .ekSu h' ta i|yd ksis ud¾f.damfoaYh

iemhSu h' we.hSfï ^;lafiare lsÍfï& fhoS isák .=rejrekag ;u isiqka i|yd fohdldrhl

ud¾f.damfoaYl;ajh ,nd osh yels h' tu ud¾f.damfoaY fmdÿfõ y÷kajkafka m%;sfmdaIKh

(Feed Back) yd bosß fmdaIKh (Feed Forward) hkqfjks' isiqkaf.a ÿn,;d yd fkdyelshd

wkdjrKh lr.;a úg Tjqkaf.a bf.kqï .eg¨ u`.yrjd .ekSug m%;sfmdaIKh;a" isiq yelshd

iy m%n,;d y÷kd .;a úg tu olaI;d jeä oshqKq lsÍug bosß fmdaIKh;a ,nd oSu .=re ld¾hh

fjhs'

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%shdj,sfha id¾:l;ajh i|yd mdGud,dfõ wruqKq w;frka ljr

wruqKq ljr uÜgñka idlaId;a l< yels jQfha oehs y÷kd .ekSug isiqkag wjYH fjhs' we.hSï

jevms<sfj, Tiafia isiqka <`.d lr.;a m%ùK;d uÜgï ksYaph lsÍu fï wkqj .=rejrekaf.ka

n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk w;r" isiqka yd fouõmshka we;=`M fjk;a wod< md¾Yjj,g isiq m%.;sh

ms<sn| f;dr;=re ikaksfõokh lsÍug .=rejreka fhduqúh hq;= h' fï i|yd fhdod.; yels

fyd|u l%uh jkafka ika;;slj isiqka we.hSug md;% lsÍug bv m%ia:d i,ik mdi, mokï

lr.;a we.hSï l%uhhs'

168

hf:dla; wruqK iys;j l%shd lrk .=rejreka úiska ;u b.ekakqï l%shdj,sh;a"

isiqkaf.a bf.kqï l%shdj,sh;a jvd;a ld¾hlaIu lsÍu msKsi jvd fyd| ld¾hlaIu;dfjka hqla;

bf.kqï - b.ekakqï iy we.hSï l%u fhdod .; hq;= fjhs' fï iïnkaOfhka isiqkag iy

.=rejrekag fhdod .; yels m%fõY ms<sn| m%fNao lsysmhla u;= oelafjhs' fïjd fndfyda l,l

isg .=rejreka fj; úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska o" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh úiska o" f;dr;=re

iïmdokh lrk ,o l%ufõo fjhs' tfyhska tajd iïnkaOfhka mdi,a moaO;sfha .=rejreka

fyd|ska oekqj;a ù we;ehs wfmalaId flf¾' tu m%fNao fufia h (

01' mejreï 02' jHdmD;s

03' iólaIK 04' .fõIK

05' ksÍlaIK 06' m%o¾Yk$bosßm;a lsÍï

07' lafIa;% pdßld 08' flá ,sÅ; mÍlaIK

09' jHQy.; rpkd 10' újD; .%ka: mÍlaIK

11' ks¾udKd;aul l%shdldrlï 12' Y%jK mÍlaIK

13' m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlï 14' l:kh

15' iaj ks¾udK 16' lKavdhï l%shdldrlï

17' ixl,am is;shu 18' oaú;aj igyka c¾k,h

19' ì;a;s mqj;am;a 20' m%Yak úpdrd;aul jevigyka

21' m%Yak yd ms<s;=re fmd;a 22' újdo

23' idlÉPd uKav, 24' iïuka;%K

25' laIKsl l:d 26' N+ñld rx.k

y÷kajd oS we;s fuu bf.kqï - b.ekakqï iy we.hSï l%u iEu tlla iïnkaOfhka iEu

úIhh tallhlg u fhdod .;hq;= hehs wfmalaId fkdflfrhs' ;u úIhhg" úIh tallhg

.e<fmk m%fNaohla f;dard .ekSug .=rejreka oekqj;a úh hq;= h' j.n,d .; hq;= h'

fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yj, .=rejrekag ;u isiqkaf.a bf.kqï m%.;sh ;lafiare

lsÍu i|yd fhdod.; yels bf.kqï - b.ekakqï yd we.hSï m%fNao ms<sn| i|ykla ;sfí' tajd

.=rejreka úiska iqÿiq mßos ;u mka;sfha isiqkaf.a m%.;sh ;lafiare lsÍu msKsi fhdod.; hq;=

fjhs' tajd Ndú; fkdfldg u. yeÍu isiqkag ;u Ydia;%Sh yelshd fuka u wdfõoksl .;s

,laIK;a" ufkdapd,l olaI;d;a ms<sn| j¾Okhla <`.d lr .ekSu;a m%o¾Ykh lsÍu;a ms<sn|

wvqmdvq we;s lrjhs'

169

mdi,a mdol ;lafiarejg fhdað; WmlrK

m<uq jdrh

WmlrK wxlh ( 01

ksmqK;djh ( 7'0

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 7'2

WmlrKfha iajNdjh ( mejreï

Y%S ,xldfõ bia,dï y÷kajd fokq ,enQ miqìu ft;sydisl igyka

idOl f,i f.k mejreula ilia lsÍug isiqka fhduq lrkak'

my; ks¾Kdhl mokï lrf.k ,l=Kq fokak'

,l=Kq ,ndoSu

ks¾Kdhl ksmqK;d uÜgu ksmqK;d uÜgu

<`.dù we; <`.d ùke;

1' mejrefï wruqK myod oSu" wruqKqj,g yd

ud;Dld w;r iïnkaOy myod oSu 4 3 2 1

2' o;a;" f;dr;=re /ialsÍu i|yd wkq.ukh l<

l%ufha wod< nj' 4 3 2 1

3' o;a;" f;dr;=re /ialsÍu yd tajd

igyka lsÍu 4 3 2 1

4' fhdod.;a l%ufõohkaf.a wod<;ajh yd

;¾ldkql+, iajNdjh 4 3 2 1

5' ;SrKhg t<öu" tajdf fya;= oelaùu yd

ks¾udKh bosßm;a lsÍu 4 3 2 1

,enQ ,l=Kqj, tl;=j 20

,enQ uq`M wjika ,l=K 10

170


m<uq jdrh

WmlrK wxlh ( 02

ksmqK;djh ( 8'0

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 8'1

WmlrKfha iajNdjh ( lKavdhï idlÉPdjla

foudmshka orejkag;a" orejka foudmshkag;a bgql< hq;= j.lSï

yd whs;sjdislï .ek isiqka w;r lKavdhï idlÉPd fufyhùug

u`. fmkajkak'

,l=Kq ,ndoSu



1' bf.kqï l%shdj,shg olajk wod< nj 4 3 2 1

2' lKavdhï idlÉPdj ixúOdkh lsÍu"

ixialrKh" ud;Dld fjka lr .ekSu"

Wmfoia ms<smeoSu 4 3 2 1

3' idlÉPdj bosßhg f.k hd yels mßos"

ixj¾Okd;aul j woyia bosßm;a lsÍu 4 3 2 1

4' bosßm;a lrk woyiaj, ks¾udKd;aul"

m%udKd;aul" ;¾ldkql+, Ndjh 4 3 2 1

5' idrdxY lsÍu" ks.uk" ks.ukj,g fya;=

bosßm;a lsÍu 4 3 2 1



171


m<uq jdrh

WmlrK wxlh ( 03

ksmqK;djh ( 8'0

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 8'1

WmlrKfha iajNdjh ( lKavdhï idlÉPd

oslalidoh" tal mqoa.,fhl=f.a o" iudcfha o we;s lr ;sfnk

whym;a m%;sM, ms<sn| j lKavdhï idlÉPdjla meje;aùug isiqka

fhduq lrkak'


,l=Kq ,ndoSu



1' bf.kqï l%shdj,shg olajk j<x.=;djh yd

iïnkaOh 4 3 2 1

2' lKavdhï idlÉPdj ixúOdkh" ixialrKh"

ud;Dld fjka lsÍu" Wmfoia ms<smeoSu 4 3 2 1

3' idlÉPdj bosßhg f.k hd yels whqßka"

ixj¾Okd;aulj woyia bosßm;a lsÍu' 4 3 2 1


;¾ldkql+," m%udKd;aul Ndjh 4 3 2 1

5' idrdxYlrKh" ;SrKh yd ;SrKj,g fya;=




172


fojk jdrh

WmlrK wxlh ( 01

ksmqK;djh ( 8'0

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 8'2

WmlrKfha iajNdjh ( laIKsl l:djla meje;aùu

my; i|yka ud;Dld fol bosßm;a lr isiqka iQodkï ùu i|yd

ñks;a;= 20 l ld,hla ,nd fokak' bkamiq tla tlaflkdg"

ud;Dldjla ,nd oS" ñks;a;= 7 l l;djla meje;aùug fhduq lrkak'

1' ksji bia,dóhlrKh lrk l%u úê

2' Ôú;fha y,d,a yrdï ie,lSfï jeo.;alu


,l=Kq ,ndoSu



1' fhduqùu yd ud;Dldj meyeos<s j bosßm;a lsÍu"

tys wod<;ajh 4 3 2 1

2' ieleiau" ud;Dldjg wod< mßos lreKq bosßm;a

lsÍu" NdIdfõ ksrjoH;djh 4 3 2 1

3' ukd NdId fhoSï" Wmud hkdosh fhdod .ekSu

ks¾udKd;aul nj 4 3 2 1

4' meyeos<s nj" Yíoh md,kh lr .ekSu" uqyqKqjr"

wx. p,kh" ld,h l<ukdlrKh" ksjeros

WÉPdrKh 4 3 2 1

5' idrdxY lsÍu" ks.ukj,g fya;= oelaùu 4 3 2 1



173


fojk jdrh

WmlrK wxlh ( 02

ksmqK;djh ( 9'0

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 9'1

WmlrKfha iajNdjh ( lKavdhï idlÉPdjla

;ud Ôj;ajk iudcfha wka cd;slhska iu. wfkHdkH iïnkaO;djh

f.dvke.Su i|yd l%u úê ms<sn| j lKavdhï idlÉPdjla

meje;aùug isiqka fhduq lrkak'


,l=Kq ,ndoSu




iïnkaOh 4 3 2 1




ixj¾Okd;aulj woyia bosßm;a lsÍu' 4 3 2 1







174


fojk jdrh

WmlrK wxlh ( 03

ksmqK;djh ( 9'0

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 9'1

WmlrKfha iajNdjh ( ì;a;s mqj;am;

i;=kag wdorh oelaùu iïnkaOfhka bia,dï ,ndoS we;s udkj

whs;sjdislï" iudch fufyhjk wdh;kh uiaðoh" wdoS wx.

we;=<;a lr isiqkaf.a úúO ks¾udK wvx.= ì;a;s mqj;am;la ilia

lsÍug isiqka fhduq lrkak'


,l=Kq ,ndoSu



1' bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh iu`. olajk

iïnkaO;djh yd j<x.=;djh 4 3 2 1

2' ixúOdkh hkq tlla ùu 4 3 2 1

3' w,xlrKh i|yd fhdod .kakd ,o l%ufõohka

yd tajdfha j<x.=;djh 4 3 2 1

4' wka;¾.; ks¾udKd;aul iajNdjh yd

;¾ldkql+, iajNdjh 4 3 2 1'

5' ì;a;s mqj;am;la f,i ks¾udKfha id¾:l;ajh 4 3 2 1



175


f;jk jdrh

WmlrK wxlh ( 01

ksmqK;djh ( 9'0

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 9'2

WmlrKfha iajNdjh ( mejreï

bia,dï wjir oS we;s bmehSfï l%u ms<sn| mejreula ilia lsÍug

isiqka fhduq lrkak'


,l=Kq ,ndoSu



1' mejrefï wruqK myod oSu" wruqKqj,g yd

ud;Dld w;r iïnkaOh myod oSu 4 3 2 1

2' o;a;" f;dr;=re /ialsÍu i|yd wkq.ukh l<

l%ufha wod< nj 4 3 2 1

3' o;a;" f;dr;=re /ialsÍu yd tajd

igyka lsÍu 4 3 2 1

4' fhdod.;a l%ufõohkaf.a wod<;ajh yd

;¾ldkql+, iajNdjh 4 3 2 1

5' ;SrKhg t<öu" tajdg fya;= oelaùu yd

ks¾udKh bosßm;a lsÍu 4 3 2 1



176


f;jk jdrh

WmlrK wxlh ( 02

ksmqK;djh ( 9'0

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 9'3

WmlrKfha iajNdjh ( újdoh

—ldka;djkag f.!rjkSh ;;a;ajhla ,nd oS we;af;a bia,dï muKs˜

fuu ud;Dldjg mlaIj yd úmlaIj jdo l< yels wdldrfha újdohla

iQodkï lsÍug isiqka fhduq lrkak'


,l=Kq ,ndoSu



1' bosßm;a lrk wdldrh" ud;Dldj meyeos<sj

y÷kajd oSu 4 3 2 1

2' ud;Dldjg .e,fmk fia lreKq ixúOdkh yd


3' ;¾ldkql+,j yd ks¾udKd;aulj f;dr;=re


4' iqÿiq mßos ye`.Sï yd wx. p,kh"

ld, l<ukdlrKh 4 3 2 1

5' ixlaIsma; lsÍu" ;SrK yd ;SrKj,g fya;=




177


f;jk jdrh

WmlrK wxlh ( 03

ksmqK;djh ( 10'0

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 10'1

WmlrKfha iajNdjh ( lKavdhï idlÉPd

wo isiqka w;r msßyS hk iodpdrd;aul .=K ixj¾Okh lsÍu i|yd

úêl%u fudkjd o hkak .ek lKavdhï idlÉPdjlg isiqka fhduq

lrkak'


,l=Kq ,ndoSu




iïnkaOh 4 3 2 1




ixj¾Okd;aulj woyia bosßm;a lsÍu 4 3 2 1







Documents

Islam - Gr.13.pmd ed