ISLAM 600-1200 CE

I. Islam1. Islam= “submission to Allah”2. Monotheistic3. Five Pillars of Islam4. Prophets- Muhammad was LAST prophet5. Last Judgment

“The unbelievers of the People of the Book and the pagans shall burn forever in the fire of Hell”

6. God’s will is supreme: 1: 1. In the name of ALLAH, the Gracious, the Merciful.

1: 2. All praise is due to ALLAH alone, Lord of all the worlds. 1: 3. The Gracious, the Merciful. 1: 4. Master of the Day of Judgment. 1: 5. THEE alone do we worship and THEE alone do we implore for help. 1: 6. Guide us in the straight path, 1: 7. The path of those on whom THOU hast bestowed THY favours, those who have not incurred THY displeasure and those who have not gone astray.

II. Roots• Allah created earth and man/woman in Genesis• Adam-> Noah-> Shem (Semite)-> Abraham->

Sarah-> ISAAC (Jewish faith)– Isaac stayed in Palestine

• Abraham-> Hagar-> ISHMAEL (Islam faith)• Ishmael goes to where Mecca would be built• Believed that Moses and Jesus were prophets;

Muhammad is the last prophet

II. Roots continued…

Mecca caravan routes converge here

because of KAABA

Mecca caravan routes converge here

because of KAABA

Bedoiun nomadic tribes

Bedoiun nomadic tribes

Bedoiun nomadic tribes

Bedoiun nomadic tribes

Muhammad preaches “there is only ONE God”!

Meccan leaders drive out Muhammad and followers.

Muhammad+followers flee to Medina: HIJRA

IV. Division after Muhammad’s DeathSunnis• About 85% of

Muslims• Leaders chosen

through consensus of umma: Muslim community

• Sharia (Islamic Law) was codified

Shi’ites/Shia

• About 15% of Muslims

• Islam’s leader should be descendent of Muhammad

•Religious leaders have authority to interpret sharia

V. Spread of Islam1. Under CALIPHATE (successors to

Muhammad) conquered area stretching from Spain in west to India in east

Animated map2. How was Islam able to spread so far so

quickly?– Zeal of new converts– Weakened Byzantine and Sassanid territories– Overtaxed peasants and oppressed minorities

wanted change– Islam offered attractive prospect of unity in all

aspects of life– Everyone EQUAL before Allah

VI. Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates1. Umayyad conquests stretch from Spain to Indus Valley

(India)

2. Umayyad falls in 750 because:a) Secular in nature

b) Rebellions from non-Arab Muslims

c) Shi’ites attacked legitimacy of their rule

3. Abbasid rise:a) More concerned with religion

b) Moved capital to Baghdad; established House of Wisdom

4. Abbasid declines in 945 because:a) Empire too big

b) Provinces break away: cuts tax flow to Baghdad

VII. Seljuk Turks Animated map1. Ruled by a Sultan

2. Defeated Byzantines in Turkey

3. Islamic world regressed economically/culturally:a) Cities shrank

b) Irrigation works in disrepair

c) When Shi’ites/Sunnis fought, government did NOT intervene

d) Baghdad loses prestige and canals are destroyed

4. Christian Crusaders take Jerusalem 1099; Saladin retakes Jerusalem in 3rd Crusade 1187